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23490077

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch%2022%20%28Tinchy%20Stryder%20album%29

Catch 22 (Tinchy Stryder album)

Catch 22 is the second full-length solo studio album by recording artist Tinchy Stryder. After three successful singles leading up to the album. The album was then released on 17 August 2009. The album is produced and co-written by award-winning producer and songwriter Fraser T Smith, whose previous credits include James Morrison, Craig David and Kano. The album was preceded by a collaborative album with grime producer Maniac and a two-part free downloadable extended plays (EP), Star in the Hood EP Vol. 1 & Star in the Hood EP Vol. 2. Tinchy Stryder toured his album, Catch 22, in October 2009, and again in February/March 2010. Critical reception The Mirror gave the album a positive review: "...keen learner with an eye on the crossover market, Stryder shows infectious energy and determination to cover his core market on this second album. Check the auto-tuned pop thrills of Take Me Back and Shake Me. Stryder cuts an impressive sway as the hardworking pupil of the Grime Crossover Contingent." The Telegraph gave the album 3/5 stars and said: "American rappers have their guns. Tinchy Stryder has his mum. The witty domesticity of Stryder’s raps are part of the charm of this decidedly British hip hop album. Coming from the grime world, but not in the least grimy, the hook laden, techno-pop tracks are so relentlessly catchy, his unpretentious, snotty-nosed lyricism is like aural icing on a sugary pop cake."The Times gave the album 3/5 stars and said: "With a second No 1 single under his belt, Kwasi Danquah III, 22, is being hailed by wishful thinkers as the second coming of grime. Catch 22 is an uneasy balancing act between these two Stryder sides; but it makes for compelling spectacle."The Independent however was much less favourable of the album giving it 2/5 stars: "Tinchy Stryder may be the second-biggest name in grime, but Catch 22 suggests he's more in the mould of Akon than Dizzee Rascal: there's little of Dizzee's bonkers charm about these tracks, and plenty of Akon's reliance on auto-tuned hooks and romantic themes. Indeed, when not reflecting on his success, Tinchy's time seems mostly taken up with oiling his way into girls' affections, trying to extricate himself from their clinging attentions, or apologising for mistreating them." Commercial performance At the beginning of the week commencing Monday 17 August 2009 Catch 22 was duelling with Calvin Harris's Ready for the Weekend for the top spot in the UK, with only 1,000 copies between them. By the last mid-week update there was only a few copies between them. Catch 22 reached No. 2 in the UK by the end of the week, with Harris outselling Stryder by 8000 copies. Tinchy Stryder used his official Twitter to convey his gratitude to his fans for the high charting of the album. In its second week the album fell to No. 5 in the UK and was certified Gold in the UK. In Ireland, the album debuted and peaked at No. 9. Singles The first single "Stryderman", was released as a digital download on 20 July 2008 with the CD single released on 8 August 2008. The song was added to BBC Radio 1's C Playlist in July 2008 and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 73; Stryder's first single to chart in the UK. The second single "Take Me Back", which also featured fellow Universal Island Records-signed act Taio Cruz was released on 19 January 2009. The single received high amount of praise and received placement on Radio 1's A Playlist. The single eventually peaked at number 3 in the UK; marking Stryder's first Top 10 single in the UK. The third single "Number 1" which featured UK trio N-Dubz became Stryder's second Top 10 single and first number-one single in the UK when it debuted at the top spot on the UK Singles Chart on 27 April 2009. The fourth single "Never Leave You" featured vocals from Amelle Berrabah of the Sugababes and was released on 9 August 2009; where it peaked at number-one in the UK, Stryder's third consecutive Top 10 single on the UK Singles Chart. The fifth and final single "You're Not Alone" was released on 26 October 2009, where it reached number 14 in the UK; marking the fourth UK Top 15 hit from Stryder. Track listing Notes "Spotlight" samples elements of "Dooms Night" by Azzido Da Bass. "You're Not Alone" contains an interpolation of "You're Not Alone" by Olive. "Express Urself" contains an interpolation of "Express Yourself" by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References External links Star in the Hood EP, Volume 1 (free download) Star in the Hood EP, Volume 2 (free download) 2009 albums Tinchy Stryder albums Albums produced by Tinchy Stryder Albums produced by Fraser T. Smith Takeover Entertainment albums Albums produced by Labrinth Albums produced by Chase & Status

45323849

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Brent%20London%20Borough%20Council%20election

2002 Brent London Borough Council election

The 2002 Brent London Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2002 to elect members of Brent London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1998 reducing the number of seats by 3. The Labour party stayed in overall control of the council. Election result Labour lost 8 seats, but remained in control of the council. |} The above totals include the delayed election in Northwick Park on 13 June 2002. Ward results Northwick Park delayed election The election in Northwick Park was delayed until 13 June 2002 after the death of one of the Liberal Democrat candidates. All 3 seats were won by the Conservative party. References 2002 2002 London Borough council elections

22208443

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars%20Above%20Us

Stars Above Us

"Stars Above Us" is a single from the band Saint Etienne. Taken from the album Tales from Turnpike House, It was released in the US only by record label Savoy Jazz. The single was released under the mis-leading title Dance Remixes Volume 1. The remixes for the single were done by Eric Kupper and Jeff Barringer. The single also featured the album version, produced by the Xenomania production team, who also co-wrote the track with the band. Track listing Saint Etienne (band) songs 2006 singles Song recordings produced by Xenomania Songs written by Bob Stanley (musician) Songs written by Pete Wiggs Songs written by Sarah Cracknell 2006 songs Songs written by Shawn Lee (musician) Songs written by Tim Powell (producer)

399439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobbs%20County%2C%20North%20Carolina

Dobbs County, North Carolina

Dobbs County is a former county located in the Province of North Carolina and later the state of North Carolina. It was formed in 1758 from Johnston County, though the legislative act that created it did not become effective until April 10, 1759. It was named for Arthur Dobbs, Governor of the Province of North Carolina from 1754 to 1765. In 1779 the western part of Dobbs County became Wayne County, and the county seat was moved from its original location on Walnut Creek to the town of Kingston, which was renamed Kinston in 1784. Because the name Dobbs reminded the population of the colonial past, in 1791 Dobbs County was divided by the North Carolina legislature into Glasgow County (later renamed Greene County) and Lenoir County, and ceased to exist. See also List of former United States counties List of North Carolina counties Dobbs County Regiment of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolution References Greene County, North Carolina Pre-statehood history of North Carolina Lenoir County, North Carolina Wayne County, North Carolina Former counties of North Carolina 1758 establishments in North Carolina

13147457

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/102.1%20FM

102.1 FM

The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 102.1 MHz: Argentina LRI315 in Santa Fe, Santa Fe LRI854 Vorterix Rock in Rosario, Santa Fe Radio María in San Pedro, Buenos Aires Radio María in Paraná, Entre Ríos Radio María in Salta Radio María in Santa Fe Australia 4ZZZ in Brisbane, Queensland 8CCC in Alice Springs and Tennant Creek, Northern Territory ABC Classic FM in Longreach, Queensland 3MIL in Swan Hill, Victoria CAAMA in Yulara, Northern Territory 3NNN in Wangaratta, Victoria SBS Radio in Moree, New South Wales Triple J in Broken Hill, New South Wales Triple J in Newcastle, New South Wales Brazil ZYD 604 in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul Canada (Channel 271) CBGA-FM in Matane, Quebec CBJ-FM-6 in La Baie, Quebec CBOF-FM-7 in Brockville, Ontario CBR-FM in Calgary, Alberta CBUF-FM-1 in Chilliwack, British Columbia CBUR-FM in Houston, British Columbia CFCJ-FM in Cochrane, Ontario CFEL-FM in Levis, Quebec CFNY-FM in Brampton, Ontario CFSI-FM-1 in Saltspring Island, British Columbia CFWY-FM in Whitehorse, Yukon CHPR-FM in Hawkesbury, Ontario CISW-FM in Whistler, British Columbia CJCY-FM in Medicine Hat, Alberta CJDJ-FM in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan CJGO-FM in La Sarre, Quebec CJRW-FM in Summerside, Prince Edward Island CJTK-FM-2 in Little Current, Ontario CKHL-FM in High Level, Alberta CKXR-FM-1 in Sorrento, British Columbia CKXR-FM-3 in Sicamous, British Columbia VF2291 in Carol Lake Mining, Newfoundland and Labrador VF2537 in Fruitvale, British Columbia VOAR-5-FM in Deer Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador India FM Rainbow in Trichy, Tamil Nadu Malaysia Buletin FM in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan (Coming Soon) Raaga in Taiping, Perak Sinar in Kuching, Sarawak Mexico XHAG-FM in Córdoba, Veracruz XHECPQ-FM in Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo XHEPS-FM in Guaymas, Sonora XHESL-FM in San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí XHJK-FM in Ciudad Delicias, Chihuahua XHOMA-FM in Comala, Colima XHPECW-FM in Actopan, Hidalgo XHPIC-FM in Pichucalco, Chiapas XHSCCW-FM in San Antonio de la Cal, Oaxaca XHSCDF-FM in 20 de Noviembre, Emiliano Zapata Municipality, Chiapas XHQI-FM in Monterrey, Nuevo León XHTOM-FM in Toluca, Estado de México XHURM-FM in Uruapan, Michoacán XHVC-FM in Puebla, Puebla XHVFC-FM in Otumba, Estado de México XHYO-FM in Huatabampo, Sonora United Kingdom Swansea Bay Radio in Swansea, Wales United States (Channel 271) in Prescott, Arizona KBDY in Hanna, Wyoming KBMC (FM) in Bozeman, Montana in Raymondville, Texas in Roseau, Minnesota in Los Molinos, California KCKC in Kansas City, Missouri KDGE in Fort Worth-Dallas, Texas in Blanchard, Louisiana in Saint Paul, Minnesota KEGB-LP in Bend, Oregon in Tahlequah, Oklahoma KFIM-LP in Carroll, Iowa in Oro Valley, Arizona KFZX in Gardendale, Texas KGRE-FM in Estes Park, Colorado KHBE in Big Wells, Texas KHKC-FM in Atoka, Oklahoma KILX in De Queen, Arkansas KJAS-LP in Ames, Iowa in Louisiana, Missouri KLVJ in Encinitas, California KMJQ in Houston, Texas KODC-LP in Dodge City, Kansas KOKY in Sherwood, Arkansas in Wenatchee, Washington KPRR in El Paso, Texas KQMY in Paia, Hawaii in Brookline, Missouri KQUQ-LP in Albuquerque, New Mexico KRBQ in San Francisco, California KRKC-FM in King City, California in Reno, Nevada in Breckenridge, Colorado KSSI in China Lake, California KSTI in Port Angeles, Washington KSWW in Ocean Shores, Washington KTMB in Anchorage, Alaska in Farmington, New Mexico KTUI-FM in Sullivan, Missouri KUDO-LP in Harrison, Arkansas in Milford, Iowa KWFO-FM in Driggs, Idaho KXSU-LP in Seattle, Washington KXWS-LP in Watsonville, California in Basile, Louisiana KYRN in Socorro, New Mexico KYUN in Twin Falls, Idaho KZLJ-LP in La Junta, Colorado KZLU-LP in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in McCook, Nebraska KZSN in Hutchinson, Kansas in Oglesby, Illinois in Meridian, Mississippi in Springfield, Massachusetts in Waverly, New York WCPP-LP in Ironwood, Michigan WCRM-LP in Columbus, Ohio in Jeffersonville, New York in Danville, Illinois WDOK in Cleveland, Ohio in Decatur, Alabama WFAH-LP in Flint, Michigan WGAF-LP in Fayetteville, Georgia in Crawford, Georgia WHJU-LP in Conyers, Georgia in Mount Vernon, Illinois in Du Bois, Pennsylvania in Lima, Ohio WIOQ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WIQQ in Leland, Mississippi WIVI in Cruz Bay, Virgin Islands in Albion, New York WJMH in Reidsville, North Carolina WJST in Sylvester, Georgia WKFF in Sardis, Mississippi in Rock Harbor, Florida WKOT-LP in Wimauma, Florida WKVZ in Dexter, Maine in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky WKZV in Tybee Island, Georgia WLCT in Lafayette, Tennessee in Bad Axe, Michigan in Beattyville, Kentucky in Mayfield, Kentucky in Milwaukee, Wisconsin WMJS-LP in Prince Frederick, Maryland WMUK in Kalamazoo, Michigan in Pamplico, South Carolina WNGK-LP in Fort Lauderdale, Florida WOPC-LP in Bradenton, Florida WPBW-LP in St. Petersburg, Florida in Watertown, Florida in Lena, Illinois in Citronelle, Alabama WRGR in Tupper Lake, New York in Forestville, Wisconsin in Monticello, Mississippi in Marietta, Ohio in Richmond, Virginia in Hampton, New Hampshire WVFC-LP in Stephenson, Michigan WVXR in Randolph, Vermont in Santa Rosa Beach, Florida WWFH-LP in Land O' Lakes, Florida in Sevierville, Tennessee in Bolingbroke, Georgia WXJR-LP in Talking Rock, Georgia in Virginia Beach, Virginia WZUN-FM in Phoenix, New York References Lists of radio stations by frequency

37271516

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Already%20Famous

Already Famous

Already Famous (Chinese:一泡而红: Yi Pao Er Hong) is a 2011 Singaporean comedy film and the feature film directorial debut of Michelle Chong, who also starred in the film alongside Taiwanese idol Alien Huang. The movie was released on 1 December 2011 in Singapore and was selected as the Singaporean entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards 2013. Already Famous was well received in Singapore, where it grossed S$1.04 million and viewer demand for the film grew so high that movie theaters had to double the number of screens showing the film. Plot Ah Kiao (Michelle Chong) is a young village woman from Yong Peng, Malaysia, who spends much of her time dreaming about becoming a famous actor like the ones she sees in her beloved soap operas, much to the chagrin of her family. Despite her family's disapproval, she travels to Singapore to chase her dream and ends up taking on a job as a salesgirl to make ends meet while auditioning. During her stay, Ah Kiao meets a handsome coffee shop worker (Alien Huang), which threatens to distract her from her dream. Cast Michelle Chong as Ah Kiao Alien Huang as Christopher / Ah Seng Chua En Lai as Vaness David Gan as Celebrity hair stylist Sherry Lim as Hair salon receptionist Patricia Mok as Modeling agency booker Ernest Seah as Earness Wilson Ng as Ah Kiao Father Meng Chue Lok as Kiao's Grandmother Reception The Hollywood Reporter gave Already Famous a mixed review, writing "This lightweight film drags on for two hours, when 90 minutes would have been just about right. Still, the likable cast and knowing touches keep us watching right up until the end credits, which feature the same kind of outrageous out-takes that end many American comedies." Variety was more positive in their review, where they called it "A cheery hoot that pokes fun at showbiz pomposity even as it affirms its protag's impervious optimism." See also List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film List of Singaporean submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film References External links 2011 films 2011 comedy films Singaporean films Chinese-language films Singaporean comedy films

58654167

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novye%20Lapsary

Novye Lapsary

Novye Lapsary (, ) is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Leninsky City District of the town of republican significance of Cheboksary, the Chuvash Republic, Russia. Population: References Notes Sources Urban-type settlements in Chuvashia

67976870

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyema%20Ogbuagu

Onyema Ogbuagu

Onyema Eberechukwu Ogbuagu (born June 20, 1978) is an American-born infectious diseases physician, educator, researcher, and clinical trial investigator, who was raised and educated in Nigeria. He is an associate professor at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Conn. and is the director of the Yale AIDS Program clinical trials unit. His research contributions have focused on HIV/AIDS prevention and COVID-19 vaccination and treatment clinical trials. He switched his focus at the beginning of the 2019 COVID pandemic and participated as a principal investigator (PI) on the Pfizer-BioNtech Covid-19 vaccine trials and the Remdesivir SIMPLE trial in 2020 and 2021. In pursuit of his global health component of his career, Ogbuagu also supports postgraduate physician medical education programs in low and middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa in Rwanda (2013–2018) and Liberia (2017 to date) as well as HIV treatment programs in Liberia (2018 to date). In his role as public health educator, he has worked to increase public understanding of mRNA vaccines. Ogbuagu has also worked to decrease vaccine hesitancy. He has been a co-author on 43 scholarly articles, according to the National Library of Medicine. According to Google Scholar, one article he co-authored on Remdesivir and its use for Covid that appeared in JAMA was cited 504 times. Ogbuagu was selected as the commencement speaker for Yale School of Medicine's class of 2021. Early life and education Onyema Ogbuagu and an identical twin brother, Chibuzo Ogbuaug II, were born to Chibuzo and Stella Ogbuagu. They were Nigerian doctorate students attending Yale University and University of Pennsylvania, respectively, when their twins were born. The couple had graduated in the 1974 from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, where Stella was valedictorian. The family returned to Nigeria when Onyema and Chibuzo were five years old. Before their recent retirement, Onyema’s father was vice-chancellor of Abia State University, Nigeria, and his mother was a professor of sociology and a former deputy vice-chancellor of the same institution. Onyema Ogbuagu attended Auntie Margaret International Primary School in Calabar, Nigeria, and obtained his secondary education at Federal Government College, Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria (1988 to1994), graduating at 15. He graduated from the College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria in 2014. He completed his medical internship at the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria. He then returned to the United States, where he interned at the Elmhurst campus of Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Ogbuagu completed his residency and chief residency at Mount Sinai in 2010. Ogbuagu completed an infectious diseases fellowship at Yale School of Medicine in 2012 and assumed a faculty position as an assistant professor in the same year. Currently, he is an associate professor of medicine in the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases. Personal life Ogbuagu is married to Grace Igiraneza Ogbuagu. She is a nephrologist and member of the International Nephrology Society. Career Ogbuagu is an HIV/AIDS physician and leads a clinical trials program at Yale that conducts research on infectious diseases. He has been the principal investigator on pharmacokinetic, phase 2 and 3 safety and efficacy trials of novel antiviral compounds for HIV in addition to his recent work on Covid-19 vaccinations and therapeutics. He is a clinician at Yale Medicine, the medical practice of Yale School of Medicine, and sees patients at Yale New Haven Hospital’s Nathan Smith Clinic. Ogbuagu trains physicians in Liberia and Rwanda. He has been a visiting professor to the National University of Rwanda since 2012, where he mentors medical residents and junior faculty and assists them in conducting clinical research projects that have local importance such as HIV/AIDS and antimicrobial resistance. In Liberia, he is program director of Yale’s Office of Global Health’s efforts to support Internal Medicine residency training. He trained the first infectious disease fellow in Liberia. COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS research At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, Ogbuagu shifted his focus from AIDS/HIV research and patient care to lead vaccine trials for Covid-19 at the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation where he was a PI on the Pfizer-BioNtech Covid-19 mRNA vaccine trial arms at Yale in adults as well as the pediatric studies for12-15 year-olds and 6 month to 11 year olds. The adult Pfizer BioNtech vaccine received emergency use authorization in the United States from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020 and full FDA approval in 2021. There were approximately 150 sites for the Pfizer BioNtech mRNA trial, each lead by a principal investigator. Ogbuagu was also a PI for the second Phase 2b Sanofi-Glaxo Smith Klein novel Covid-19 vaccination candidate. He was also the Yale site PI for COVID treatment studies including the Remdesivir SIMPLE moderate and Severe trials. Previous to this clinical trial work, he researched pharmacokinetic, phase 2 and 3 safety and efficacy trials of novel antiviral compounds (HIV), and conducted HIV prevention trials. Awards In 2015, Ogbuagu elected as a Fellow of the American College of Physicians. In 2017, He received the Steve Huot Faculty Award for Dedication and Excellence from Yale School of Medicine’s  Internal Medicine Primary Care Program. In 2014 and in 2019, he received the Gerald H. Friedland prize for outstanding international research presentation by the Connecticut Infectious Diseases Society. On February 18, 2020, he also received an award from the Rwanda College of Physicians for his contribution in the fight against infectious diseases. Publications Tuan J, Spichler-Moffarah A, Ogbuagu O. A new positive SARS-CoV-2 test months after severe COVID-19 illness: reinfection or intermittent viral shedding? BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Feb 4;14(2):e240531. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240531. PMID 33542020; PMCID: PMC8098910. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Pérez Marc G, Moreira ED, Zerbini C, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Roychoudhury S, Koury K, Li P, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Frenck RW Jr, Hammitt LL, Türeci Ö, Nell H, Schaefer A, Ünal S, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, Şahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2603-2615. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. Epub 2020 Dec 10. PMID 33301246; PMCID: PMC7745181. Edelman EJ, Moore BA, Calabrese SK, Berkenblit G, Cunningham CO, Ogbuagu O, Patel VV, Phillips KA, Tetrault JM, Shah M, Blackstock O. Preferences for implementation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): Results from a survey of primary care providers. Prev Med Rep. 2019 Oct 21;17:101012. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101012. PMID 31890474; PMCID: PMC6926349. Spinner CD, Gottlieb RL, Criner GJ, Arribas López JR, Cattelan AM, Soriano Viladomiu A, Ogbuagu O, Malhotra P, Mullane KM, Castagna A, Chai LYA, Roestenberg M, Tsang OTY, Bernasconi E, Le Turnier P, Chang SC, SenGupta D, Hyland RH, Osinusi AO, Cao H, Blair C, Wang H, Gaggar A, Brainard DM, McPhail MJ, Bhagani S, Ahn MY, Sanyal AJ, Huhn G, Marty FM; GS-US-540-5774 Investigators. Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Sep 15;324(11):1048-1057. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.16349. PMID 32821939; PMCID: PMC7442954. Ogbuagu O, Marshall BDL, Tiberio P, Ogunbajo A, Barakat L, Montgomery M, Almonte A, Wray T, Williams EC, Edelman EJ, Chan PA. Prevalence and Correlates of Unhealthy Alcohol and Drug Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Prescribed HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Real-World Clinical Settings. AIDS Behav. 2019 Jan;23(1):190-200. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2260-9. PMID 30145707; PMCID: PMC7020905. Rutledge R, Madden L, Ogbuagu O, Meyer JP. HIV Risk perception and eligibility for pre-exposure prophylaxis in women involved in the criminal justice system. AIDS Care. 2018 Oct;30(10):1282-1289. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1447079. Epub 2018 Mar 11. PMID 29527934; PMCID: PMC6085161. Kambutse I, Igiraneza G, Ogbuagu O. Perceptions of HIV transmission and pre-exposure prophylaxis among health care workers and community members in Rwanda. PLoS One. 2018 Nov 26;13(11):e0207650. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207650. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2019 Feb 22;14(2):e0212933. PMID 30475841; PMCID: PMC6261021. References 1978 births Living people

54416379

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Goupil

Bernard Goupil

Bernard Goupil (1925-2013) was a Général de division of the French Army and Commandant of the Foreign Legion. Military career On October 1, 1946, he was admitted to the selection entry of Saint-Cyr and subscribed an engagement at the title of the EMIA and joined the 152nd Infantry Battalion () at Mutzig in quality of an instructor candidate. He was promoted to Caporal-chef (Senior Corporal) on February 6, 1947, date in which he joined the 31st Chasseur Battalion à Pied (). He was promoted to the rank of Sergent (Sergeant) on May 1, and on the 8, he passed to the 4th Chasseur Battalion à Pied () where he followed the 9th course series of the ESMIA. On April 16, 1948, he passed to the 29th Chasseur Battalion à Pied () at Coulommiers, however, remained attached to the ESMIA. He integrated the promotion of « Général Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque » (1946 - 1948) on June 1, the rejoined the EAI at Auvours, on October 1. He was promoted to the rank of Sous-lieutenant before heading to Coetquidan on October 31. He was detached to the 4th Infantry Regiment from January 5 to February 5, 1949. After his leave in application, he was assigned to the 1st battalion of the 1st Foreign Infantry Regiment 1e REI at Saida on June 18. Designated in reinforcement « Extrême-Orient », he disembarked at Saigon on April 19, 1950 to be assigned to the 14th company of the IV/2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment 2e REI. He passed to the 16th company on May 1. He was promoted accordingly to the rank of Lieutenant on October 1. On January 22, 1951, he was assigned to the 3rd company of the marching battalion of the 1st Foreign Infantry Regiment 1er REI. Thus unit became the 11th company of the III/1er REI on March 1. During his séjour, he combat engaged at Ben Tam, April 4 and 5 1951; at Vu Nong, on October 27 where was wounded twice by bullets; at Phu Yen, on January 14, 1952. He received 3 citations with attribution of the Croix de Guerre des Théâtres d’Opérations Extérieures, with one at the orders of the armed forces. Towards the end of the deployment, he disembarked in Marseille and received an assignment at the regional administrative company for his tenure at the end of campaign deployment, in October 1952. He served then at the 1st Foreign Regiment 1e RE in quality as a platoon chief of élève gradé, from February 16, 1953. He was made chevalier of the Légion d’honneur on August 26, 1963, for exceptional war service in the Extrême-Orient (). Again reassigned to the Extrême-Orient, he disembarked at Saigon, on July 18, 1954 and rejoined the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment 3e REI. Repatriated with his unit, he disembarked at Bône. He assumed command of the 8th company of the II/3e REI stationed in the Aurès, on December 16. He was promoted to the rank of Captain in July 1956. On January 1, 1957, he became the chief of the 2nd bureau of the 1er RE. Then in 1958, he integrated the general staff headquarters school () and conducted his qualification at Philippeville. Returned to the 1e RE, he assumed the officer function of psychological action of urban sous-sector of Sidi bel Abbès, starting February 1, 1959. He was cited twice with attribution of the Croix de la Valeur militaire. On July 1, he was a selected candidate at the 20th promotion of the general staff headquarters (). On March 10, 1960, he was assigned to the command of the 2nd company of the 121st Infantry Regiment in Algeria. He was slightly wounded on October 14, 1960 in Grande Kabylie. He was cited at the orders of the armed forces for his decisive action. On May 8, 1961, he was assigned to the inter-arm bureau of the 11th Light Infantry Division (). The 11e DLI rejoined the metropolis at Nancy. He was promoted to the rank of Chef de bataillon (Commandant - Major) on April 1, 1963. The 11th Light Infantry Division became the 11th Division of December 1. On April 6, 1965, he was assigned to the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP at Bou Sfer, ion quality of instructor chief of the operation bureau. On August 1, 1967, he commanded the Qualification Group of Sous-Officiers (NCO) at the Infantry Application School () at Montpellier. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-colonel on July 1, 1969. Nominated as chief of the cabinet of the commandant général of the 1st Army Corps (), he was assigned for administration at the 101st squadron of QG at Nancy on October 1. On February 15, 1972, he assumed the functions of Chief cabinet of the Military Governor of Metz and Commandant of the 6e RM. On August 8, 1972, he received the regimental command of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP at Calvi. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel on October 1, 1973. Following this command tenure, he became the Inspector General of general staff headquarters of the French Army () on August 12, 1974. He rejoined the 28th session at IHEDN and the 25th sessions of the CHEMM, on September 1, 1975, in quality of an auditor. On August 1, 1976, he was assigned to the 1st Foreign Regiment 1e RE for administration and became the Commandant of the Foreign Legion Groupment on October 29. He was nominated to the 1st section of officer generals on December 1, 1978. In October 1980, he rejoined the EMAT in quality of mission delegate near the Chief of Staff of the French Army CEMAT, then Chief of the Cabinet. On October 1, 1982, he was elevated to the dignity of Général de division and received the functions of Governor of Marseille on January 16. He was admitted to the second section of officer generals, by reaching the age limit, on January 17, 1985. Général de division Bernard Goupil died on April 3, 2013. Honours and decorations National honours Military decorations See also Major (France) French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) Jacques Lefort, regimental commander 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP (1958) Pierre Darmuzai, 2e REP (1960) Saharan Méharistes Companies (méharistes sahariennes) Paul Arnaud de Foïard, 2e REP (1965) Jeannou Lacaze, 2e REP (1967) Jean Brette, 2e REP (1974) Philippe Erulin, 2e REP (1976) Jean Louis Roué, 2e REP (1978) Bernard Janvier, 2e REP (1982) Bruno Dary, 2e REP (1994) Benoît Puga, 2e REP (1996) References Sources Répertoire des chefs de corps Centre de documentation de la Légion étrangère Répertoire des citations (BCAAM) French generals French military officers 1925 births 2013 deaths

6882866

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20in%20South%20African%20sport

2005 in South African sport

'See also:'' 2004 in South African sport, 2005 in South Africa, 2006 in South African sport and the Timeline of South African sport. Cricket November 16 November - The Proteas beats India by 5 wickets at the Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Uppal, Hyderabad, India in South Africa and India's 1st One Day International of the 2005/6 season. 19 November - The Proteas loses to the India by 6 wickets in the 2nd One Day International (day/night game) held in M.Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, India. 22 November - The 3rd One-Day International in Chennai between the Proteas and the Indian cricket team is abandoned 25 November - The Proteas beats India by 10 wickets in Kolkata their 4th One-Day International December 30 December - The Proteas loses to Australia by 184 runs in the 2nd test held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground Football (Rugby Union) April 30 April - The South African national women's rugby team (Springbok Women’s team) beat Wales 24 - 9 in Cardiff, Wales May 30 April - The South African national women's rugby team (Springbok Women’s team) lose to England 0 - 101 in Twickenham, England June 11 June - South Africa (Springboks) set a massive record-breaking victory against the Uruguay 134-3 in East London 18 June - The Springboks drew 30-30 with France (les Tricolores) in Durban 25 June - The Springboks clinches the series 2-0 by beating les Tricolores 27-13 in Port Elizabeth July 9 July - The Springboks loses against Australia (Wallabies) 30-12 in the first match of the Mandela Challenge held in Sydney 23 July - The Springboks beat the Wallabies 33-20 to retain the Mandela Challenge Plate in the second leg test in Johannesburg 30 July - The Springboks beat the Wallabies 22-16 in the first Tri Nations Series match in Pretoria August 6 August - The Springboks beat New Zealand (All Blacks) 22-16 in the Tri Nations Series match at Newlands Cape Town 20 August - The Springboks beat the Wallabies 22-19 in the Tri Nations Series match at Perth, Australia 27 August - The Springboks loses to the All Blacks 27-31 in the Tri Nations Series match at Carisbrook, Dunedin, New Zealand November 5 November - The Springboks beat Argentina (los Pumas) 34-23 in Buenos Aires 19 November - The Springboks beat the Wales (The Dragons) 33-16 in Cardiff Football (Soccer) February 9 February - Bafana Bafana draws 1-1 to Australia in a friendly match 26 February - Bafana Bafana beats Seychelles 3-0 in the opening round of the COSAFA Cup in Mauritius 27 February - Bafana Bafana beats Mauritius 1-0 in the COSAFA Cup in Mauritius March 26 March - Bafana Bafana beats Uganda 2-1 in the World Cup qualifiers June 4 June - Bafana Bafana beats the Cape Verde Islands 2-1 in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers 18 June - Bafana Bafana loses 0-2 to Ghana in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers at the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg July 7 July - Bafana Bafana beats Mexico 2-1 during the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the Carson, California 10 July - Bafana Bafana draws 3-3 with Jamaica during the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup in Los Angeles, California 13 July - Bafana Bafana draws 1-1 with Guatemala during the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup 17 July - Bafana Bafana drew 1-1 with Panama in Houston, Texas but loses due to 3-5 penalties and is out of the running in the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup August 13 August - Bafana Bafana loses 8-9 in a shootout to Zambia kicking them out of the COSAFA Cup 17 August - Bafana Bafana loses 1-4 in a friendly match against Iceland September 3 September - Bafana Bafana loses to Burkina Faso 3-1 in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers 7 September - Bafana Bafana loses to Germany 4-2 in a friendly match October 8 October - Bafana Bafana draws with Democratic Republic of Congo (The Simbas) 2-2 in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers November 12 November - Bafana Bafana loses 2-3 in the Nelson Mandela Challenge against Senegal held in Port Elizabeth Golf 2 May - Ernie Els wins the Asian Open held in Shanghai 4–7 August - Retief Goosen wins The International (a PGA Tour golf tournament) held at the Castle Pines Golf Course, Castle Rock, Colorado 25–27 November - Vincent Tshabalala and Tim Clark wins the Nelson Mandela Invitational held at Arabella Country Estate near Hermanus 18 December - Retief Goosen wins the South African Airways Open Motorsport 25 September - A1 Team South Africa finishes 24th (last) in the sprint race and 6th in the main race of the British A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Brands Hatch, placing them 8th at the start of the 2005–06 A1 Grand Prix season 9 October - A1 Team South Africa finishes 12th in the sprint race and 22nd in the main race of the German A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Euro Speedway, dropping them to 14th place 23 October - A1 Team South Africa finishes 10th in the sprint race and 22nd in the main race of the Portuguese A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Autódromo do Estoril, dropping them to share 16th place with A1 Team Japan 6 November - A1 Team South Africa finishes 21st in the sprint race and 24th in the main race of the Australian A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Eastern Creek Raceway, stay in 16th place with the A1 Team Japan 20 November - A1 Team South Africa finishes 21st in the sprint race and 12th in the main race of the Malaysian A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Sepang International Circuit, dropping them to share 17th place with the A1 Team Japan 11 December - A1 Team South Africa finishes 12th in the sprint race and 3rd in the main race of the United Arab Emirates A1 Grand Prix of Nations held at the Dubai Autodrome, climbing to 15th place overall in the 2005/6 season Swimming 24 July - Roland Schoeman sets a new world record in the men's 50-metre butterfly during the semi-finals at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada 25 July - Roland Schoeman wins gold and breaks his own world record in the men's 50-metre butterfly final at the World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada 30 July - Roland Schoeman wins his second gold in the men's 50-metre Freestyle swimming final at the World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

11927285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai%20International%20Film%20Festival

Shanghai International Film Festival

The Shanghai International Film Festival (, French: Festival international du film de Shanghai), abbreviated SIFF, is one of the largest film festivals in East Asia. "China's biggest film festival" according to the Hollywood Reporter. Next to Tokyo International Film Festival, the SIFF is considered by many to be the second biggest film festival in Asia. The first festival was held from October 7 to 14, 1993. In 2003 there was no festival due to the SARS outbreak. Since its beginning in 1993, Shanghai International Film Festival has grown to become an A-category international film festival. Every June, the 10-day film festival arrives as scheduled, and it has become an important sight in Shanghai's cultural life. The Shanghai Film Festival has screened more than 400 Chinese and foreign films. SIFF organized by Shanghai Municipal Administration of Culture, Radio, Film & TV and Shanghai Media & Entertainment Group. It awards several "Golden Goblet" Awards () for best film, best director, best actor/actress, and other categories, as well as a "Special Jury Award." SIFF Mart consists of the Film Market, China Film Pitch and Catch (CFPC), and Co-production Film Pitch and Catch (Co-FPC). The SIFFORUM is a communication platform. History In 2011, SIFF started a "Film Restoration" program to repair and preserve prints of classic Chinese movies. Notable jury members include Oliver Stone, Mark Rydell, István Szabó, Stanislav Rostotsky, Alan Parker, Lee Chang-Dong, Geoffrey Gilmore, François Girard, Olivier Assayas, Luc Besson, Lisa Lu, Donnie Yen, Chen Hao, Tran Anh Hung, Chen Kaige, He Ping, Wong Kar-Wai, Bille August, Danny Boyle, Andie Macdowell, John Woo, Barry Levinson, Paz Vega, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Heather Graham, Li Bingbing, Tom Hooper, Gong Li, Sally Potter, Emir Kusturica, Atom Egoyan, Xu Qing, Sabu, Ildikó Enyedi Nuri Bilge Ceylan, Zhao Tao, Paolo Genovese and Nicolas Celis. Other notable attendees include Jesse Eisenberg, Smriti Irani, Kirill Razlogov, Peng Yuyan, Xu Qing, Zhou Yun, Yang Zishan, Thierry Fremaux, Xu Zheng and Amanda Seyfried. Awards Golden Goblet Awards The most prestigious award given out at Shanghai is the Jin Jue ("Golden Goblet") for the Best Feature Film. Best Feature Film Jury Grand Prix Best Actress Best Actor Best Director Best Screenplay Best Music Best Cinematography Outstanding Artistic Achievement Asian New Talent Award An award launched in 2004 aimed at gathering new forces in film creativity, excavating/tapping fresh young faces on screens, and boosting newly made productions by young film makers into worldwide perspective. Best Film Best Director Best Actor Best Actress Best Scriptwriter Best Cinematographer International Student Shorts Awards International Student Shorts Award was introduced since the 9th SIFF in 2006, as a stage for the young people to communicate with renowned film masters and to display their works. It is one of the three grand awards of Shanghai International Film Festival, together with Golden Goblet Award and Asian New Talent Award, by which more and more students approach to the world film industry. Best Film Award Best Director Award Best Animation Award Best Creative Idea Award Special Jury Award China Movie Channel Media Awards China Movie Channel Media Awards are presented at each Shanghai International Film Festival by China Movie Channel since 2007. Voted by the reporters in the entertainment industry, the awards are aimed at "promoting medium-and-small-budget homegrown movies and exposing talented young directors and actors". Best Film Best Director Best Actor Best Actress Best Supporting Actor Best Supporting Actress Jackie Chan Action Movie Awards Jackie Chan Action Movie Awards were presented during the Jackie Chan Action Movie Week during the SIFF between 2015 and 2018. Voted by the reporters in the entertainment industry, the awards are aimed at "celebrating international action movies and honoring those who have made outstanding contributions to the genre." In 2019, these awards became their own event held separately from the SIFF. Best Action Movie Best Action Movie Director Best Action Choreographer Best Action Movie Actor Best Action Movie Actress Best Action Movie New Performer Best Special Effects Best Fight See also Cinema of China Film festivals List of film festivals in China References External links Shanghai International Film Festival official site Official Facebook IMDb entry State of the Shanghai International Film Festival by Casey Hall, CNN International, 8 June 2011 13th Shanghai International Film Festival CRI Film festivals established in 1993 Film festivals in China Annual events in Shanghai 1993 establishments in China

54866773

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry%20Ambrose

Thierry Ambrose

Thierry Winston Jordan Ambrose (born 28 March 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for KV Oostende. International career Ambrose was born in France and is of Guadeloupean descent. He's been a youth international for France. Career statistics References External links 1997 births Living people Sportspeople from Sens Association football forwards French footballers French people of Guadeloupean descent Eredivisie players Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players Manchester City F.C. players NAC Breda players RC Lens players FC Metz players France youth international footballers French expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in England Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands

30863956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1919%20Browning%20machine%20gun

M1919 Browning machine gun

The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The M1919 saw service as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S. and many other countries. The M1919 was an air-cooled development of the standard US machine gun of World War I, the John M. Browning-designed water-cooled M1917. The emergence of general-purpose machine guns in the 1950s pushed the M1919 into secondary roles in many cases, especially after the arrival of the M60 in US Army service. The United States Navy also converted many to 7.62 mm NATO, and designated them Mk 21 Mod 0; they were commonly used on riverine craft in the 1960s and 1970s in Vietnam. Many NATO countries also converted their examples to 7.62 mm caliber, and these remained in service well into the 1990s, as well as up to the present day in some countries. Operation Loading The M1919 originally fired the .30 cal M1906 (.30-06) ball cartridge, and later the .30 caliber M2 ball cartridge, contained in a woven cloth belt, feeding from left to right. A metal M1 link was later adopted, forming a "disintegrating" belt. Loading was accomplished by inserting the pull tab on the ammunition belt from the left side of the gun - either metal links or metal tab on cloth belts - until the feeding pawl at the entrance of the feed way engaged the first round in the belt and held it in place. The cocking handle was then pulled back with the right hand, palm facing up (to protect the thumb from injury if the weapon fired unexpectedly, which could happen if the barrel was very hot), and then released. This advanced the first round of the belt in front of the bolt for the extractor/ejector on the bolt to grab the first cartridge. The cocking handle was then pulled and released a second time. This caused the extractor to remove the first cartridge from the belt and chamber it (load it into the barrel ready to fire). As the bolt slid forward into battery, the extractor engaged the next round on the now-advanced belt resting in the feedway, preparing to draw it from the belt in the next firing cycle. Every time the gun fired a shot, the gun performed the sequence of extracting the spent round from the chamber and extracting the following round from the belt as the bolt came rearward, the fresh round ejecting the spent one when the bolt was to the rear and the fresh round was cycled in front of the bolt, then on the forward stroke chambering the next round to be fired, advancing the belt, and engaging the next round in preparation for loading. Once the bolt closed, the firing pin dropped and the round was fired, and the sequence was repeated (at a rate of roughly ten cycles per second) until the trigger was released or the ammunition belt was exhausted. The gun's original design was as a water-cooled machine gun (see the M1917 Browning machine gun). When it was decided to try to lighten the gun and make it air-cooled, its design as a closed bolt weapon created a potentially dangerous situation. If the gun was very hot from prolonged firing, the cartridge ready to be fired could be resting in a red-hot barrel, causing the propellant in the cartridge to heat up to the point that it would ignite and fire the cartridge on its own (a cook-off). With each further shot heating the barrel even more, the gun would continue to fire uncontrollably until the ammunition ran out, since depressing the trigger was not what was causing the gun to fire (although rarely as full rate automatic fire; it takes time for heat to soak into a cartridge, so usually it would manifest as a series of unexpected random discharges, the frequency increasing with the temperature of the barrel). Gunners were taught to cock the gun with the palm facing up, so that in the event of a cook-off, their thumb would not be dislocated by the charging handle, and to seize the ammunition belt and pull to prevent it from feeding, if the gun ever started an uncontrollable cycle of cooking off. Gunners were trained to manage the barrel heat by firing in controlled bursts of three to five rounds, to delay heating. Most other air cooled machine gun designs were fired in the same way, even those featuring quick-change barrels and which fired from an open bolt, two features that make air-cooled machine guns capable of somewhat more sustained fire, both features that the M1919 design lacked. Firing When the gun was ready to fire, a round would be in the chamber and the bolt and barrel group would be locked together, with the locking block at the rear of the bolt. When the rear of the trigger was pivoted upwards by the operator, the front of the trigger tipped downward, pulling the sear out of engagement with the spring-loaded firing pin, allowing it to move forward and strike the primer of the cartridge. As the assembly of bolt, barrel and barrel extension recoiled to the rear of the gun upon firing, the locking block was drawn out of engagement by a cam in the bottom of the gun's receiver. The recoiling barrel extension struck the "accelerator" assembly, a half-moon shaped spring-loaded piece of metal pivoting from the receiver below the bolt and behind the barrel extension. The tips of the accelerator's two curving fingers engaged the bottom of the bolt and caused it to move rapidly to the rear. The extractor-ejector was a mechanism that pivoted over the front of the bolt, with a claw that gripped the base of the next round in the belt. A camming track in the left side of the receiver caused this to move down as the bolt moved back, lowering the next round down on top of the fired case, pushing it straight down out of the extraction grooves of the bolt face through the ejection port. A spring in the feed tray cover pushed the extractor-ejector down onto the next round, so if the feed tray cover was opened, the extractor-ejector would be pulled upwards if the belt needed to be removed. The belt feed lever was connected to the belt feeding pawl at the front end, had a cam pin at the rear end which ran through a track in the top of the bolt, and a pin in the feed tray cover acted as the pivot between the two ends. The rearward movement of the bolt caused the rear end of the feed lever to pull to the right, causing the feeding pawl at the other end to move left over the belt. The pawl would pull the belt further to the right as the bolt came forward again, also sending the loose M1 link of the previous round to be taken out of the belt to fly out the right side of the receiver. A recoil buffer tube extended from the back of the receiver to make the cycle of the bolt smoother than previous designs, to absorb some of the recoil of the bolt, and formed a place for the pistol grip to be installed. Except for the M1919A6, all other variants had to be mounted on a tripod or other type of mount to be used effectively. The tripod used by infantry allowed traverse and elevation. To aim the gun along its vertical axis, the adjustment screw needed to be operated. This allowed the point of aim to be moved upwards or downwards, with free traverse to either side, allowing the gunner to set an elevation and sweep a wide band of fire across it by simply moving the gun from side to side. There was no need to control barrel climb or keep careful track of the fall of shots to make sure the fire was falling at the proper range. The gun was aimed using iron sights, a small folding post at the front end of the receiver and a rear aperture sight on a sliding leaf with range graduations from 200 to 1,800 meters in 200 meter increments. When folded down, the aperture formed a notch that could be used to fire the gun immediately without flipping up the leaf. The rear sight also had windage adjustment with a dial on the right side. Operational use Infantry As a company support weapon, the M1919 required a five-man crew: the squad leader; the gunner (who fired the gun and when advancing carried the tripod and box of ammunition); the assistant gunner (who helped feed the gun and carried it, and a box of spare parts and tools); two ammunition carriers. The original idea of the M1919 was to allow it to be more easily packed for transport, and featured a light barrel and bipod when first introduced as the M1919A1. Unfortunately, it quickly became clear that the gun was too heavy to be easily moved, while at the same time, too light for sustained fire. This led to the M1919A2, which included a heavier barrel and tripod, and could sustain fire for longer periods. The M1919A4 weighed about , and was ordinarily mounted on a "lightweight" (14lb), low-slung tripod for infantry use (light and low compared to the previous M1917 tripod). Fixed vehicle mounts were also employed. It saw wide use in World War II mounted on jeeps, half-tracks, armored cars, tanks, amphibious vehicles, and landing craft. The M1919A4 played a key role in the firepower of the World War II U.S. Army. Each infantry company normally had a weapons platoon in addition to its other organic units. The presence of M1919A4 weapons in the weapons platoon gave company commanders additional automatic fire support at the company level, whether in the assault or on defense. The M1919A5 was an adaptation of the M1919A4 with a forward mounting point to allow it to be mounted in tanks and armored cars. This, along with the M37 (another M1919 variant) and the Browning M2 machine gun, was the most common secondary armament during World War II for the Allies. The coaxial M37 variant had the ability to feed from either the left or the right of the weapon, and featured an extended charging handle similar to those on the M1919A4E1 and A5. A trial variant fitted with special sighting equipment was designated M37F. Another version of the M1919A4, the M1919A6, was an attempt to make the weapon into a true light machine gun by attaching a bipod, buttstock, carrying handle, and lighter barrel (4 lb (1.8 kg) instead of 7 lb (3.2 kg)). The M1919A6, with a wooden buttstock, handle, pistol grip and bipod directly mounted to the body of the weapon was in fact one pound heavier than the M1919A4 without its tripod, at 32 lb (15 kg), though its bipod made for faster deployment and enabled the machine gun team to dispense with one man (the tripod bearer). The A6 version saw increasing service in the latter days of World War II and was used extensively in Korean War. While the modifications were intended to make the weapon more useful as a squad light machine gun, it was a stopgap solution. Even though it was reliable, it proved somewhat impractical for its intended role. In the late 1950s, an M1919 designed for remote firing via a solenoid trigger was developed for use in the XM1/E1 armament subsystem was designated M37C. The US Navy later converted a number of M1919A4s to 7.62mm NATO chambering and designated them Mk 21 Mod 0; some of these weapons were employed in Vietnam War in riverine warfare patrols. From the 1960s until the 1990s, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) used ground tripod and vehicle-mounted M1919A4 guns converted to 7.62 mm NATO on many of their armored vehicles and M3 personnel carriers. Israel developed a modified link for these guns due to feeding problems with the original US M1 link design. The improved Israeli link worked with .30 caliber, 7.62 mm NATO and 8×57 mm cartridges. Aircraft With assistance from firearms engineers at Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, Belgium, the Model 1919 was completely re-engineered into the .30 caliber M2/AN (Army-Navy) aircraft machine gun (not to be confused with the .50 caliber M2/AN or the 20mm AN/M2, the two other primary US aircraft weapons of WWII). The .30 in M2/AN Browning was widely adopted as both a fixed (offensive) and flexible (defensive) weapon on aircraft. Aircraft machine guns required light weight, firepower, and reliability, and achieving all three goals proved a difficult challenge, with the mandate for a closed bolt firing cycle to enable the gun to be safely and properly synchronized for fixed-mount, forward-aimed guns firing through a spinning propeller, a necessity on many single-engined fighter aircraft designs through to nearly the end of World War II. The receiver walls and operating components of the M2 were made thinner and lighter, and with air cooling provided by the speed of the aircraft, designers were able to reduce the barrel's weight and profile. As a result, the M2 weighed two-thirds that of the 1919A4, and the lightened mechanism gave it a rate of fire approaching 1,200 rpm (some variants could achieve 1,500 rpm), a necessity for engaging fast-moving aircraft. The M2's feed mechanism had to lift its own loaded belt out of the ammunition box and feed it into the gun, equivalent to a weight of 11 lb (5 kg). In Ordnance circles, the .30 M2/AN Browning had the reputation of being the most difficult-to-repair weapon in the entire US small arms inventory. The M2 also appeared in a twin-mount version which paired two M2 guns with opposing feed chutes in one unit for operation by a single gunner, with a combined rate of fire of 2,400 rpm. All of the various .30 M2 models saw service in the early stages of World War II, but were phased out beginning in 1943, as hand-trained rifle-caliber defensive machine guns became obsolete for air warfare (the .50 in/12.7 mm M2/AN Browning and 20 mm AN/M2 automatic cannon had replaced the .30 in as offensive air armament as well). The .30 in M2 aircraft gun was widely distributed to other US allies during and after World War II, and in British and Commonwealth service saw limited use as a vehicle-mounted anti-aircraft or anti-personnel machine gun. Other calibers The same basic weapon (albeit modified to fire from an open bolt and therefore not compatible with synchronization) was also chambered for the British .303 round, and was used as the United Kingdom's primary offensive (fixed forward firing) aircraft gun in fighters such as the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricane and as fixed armament in bombers like the Bristol Blenheim, the Fairey Battle, Handley Page Hampden and Martin Maryland, until the widespread introduction of the larger 20mm caliber Hispano-Suiza Mk.II cannon, and throughout the war and defensive turret weapons in bombers. British night fighter Mosquitoes used quartets of .303 Brownings in the nose and Beaufighters used six in the wings, supplementing the main armament of four 20mm Hispano cannon in ventral fuselage mounts. The British modification to open bolt firing meant that it was now impossible to synchronize the guns to fire through the propeller arc, but wing-mounted armament was the norm on British single-engine fighters. Similar versions for a variety of European calibers were delivered by the Belgian gun maker Fabrique Nationale (FN), notably German-standard 7.92×57mm Mauser which was widely used in Eastern Europe; and by Swedish gun maker Carl Gustaf SGF in 6.5×55mm and 8×63mm calibers. Argentina used Colt-manufactured guns chambered for the standard Argentine 7.65×53mm cartridge. On Lend-Lease British aircraft provided to the Soviets The .303 variant equipped the Hawker Hurricanes delivered to Soviet Air Forces, during World War II (in both eight and twelve-gun variants). Soviet airmen compared them to their own, rapid-firing (at up to 1,800 rounds/min) ShKAS machine gun in terms of reliability: "But they often failed due to dust," recalled pilot Nikolai G. Golodnikov. "We tackled the problem gluing percale on all the machine-gun holes, and when you opened fire, bullets went right through. The machine guns became reliable then. They were of low efficiency when fired from distances of 150–300 m." Production The M1919 was manufactured during World War II by three different companies in the United States; Buffalo Arms Corporation, Rock Island Arsenal, and the Saginaw Steering Gear division of General Motors. In the UK, production was chiefly by BSA. Originally unit priced at $667 each, mass production lowered the price to $141.44. Variants and derivatives M1919 variants The original M1919 was designed for use with tanks. The water-cooled M1917 was inappropriate due to weight and the vulnerability of the water jacket. Browning modified the M1917 to be air-cooled by making changes that included dropping the water jacket and using a heavier barrel. In total, there were six variants of the basic M1919 machine gun. M1919A1The M1919A1 featured a lighter barrel and a bipod. It was distinguished from the "M1919" because it also had sights, which the M1919 did not. M1919A2 The M1919A2 was another lightweight development specifically for mounted cavalry units, utilizing a shorter 18-inch barrel and a special tripod, though it could be fitted to either the M1917 or M2 tripods. This weapon was designed to allow greater mobility to cavalry units over the existing M1917 machine gun. The M1919A2 was introduced in 1922, and was used for a short period between World War I and World War II after the cavalry had converted from horses to wheeled and tracked vehicles. M1919A3 The M1919E1, commonly known as the M1919A3, was introduced in 1931 as an improved version of the M1919A2 for the infantry. M1919A4 The most common variant of the series was the M1919A4. Production blueprints of the new variant were complete in late 1936, and slow-scale production soon followed. The driving force behind the development of this variant was the lack of reliability in the previous 18-inch barrel versions, which did not produce enough recoil to cycle the action reliably. The gun was given a heavier "bull barrel", much thicker and was lengthened to like the M1917, for cooling purposes, and a recoil booster to enhance cycling performance, even with the heavier barrel. Various other small adjustments to the design were made, such as moving the front sight from the barrel jacket to the receiver, which made it easier to mount the gun on vehicles. The design of the barrel jacket was changed to include circular holes instead of long slits of earlier models. The recoil buffer assembly was also a new addition to the design between A3 and A4 development, designed to reduce the impact of the bolt hitting the backplate. The M1919A4 was used in both fixed and flexible mounts, by infantry and on vehicles. It was also widely exported after World War II and continues to be used in small numbers around the world. Two variants were developed specifically for vehicular use, the M1919A5, with an extended charging handle, and the M1919A4E1, a sub-variant of the M1919A4 refitted with an extended charging handle developed in the 1950s. M1919A6 During the war it became clear to the US military that the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle, while portable, was not sufficient as a sustained fire weapon due to its fixed barrel and 20-round magazine. The M1919A4 was faster and cheaper to produce, but did not have the portability of a rifle. Realizing that producing an entirely new replacement machine gun would take time, the military decided that a stop-gap solution would be best and adapted an existing design. The M1919A6 was an attempt at such a solution, to parallel the designs of the German MG 34 and MG 42 machine guns, each of which were portable for a squad weapon and were very effective at sustained fire. The M1919A6 first saw combat service in the fall of 1943. It had a metal buttstock assembly that clamped to the backplate of the gun, and a front barrel bearing that incorporated both a muzzle booster and a bipod similar to that used on the BAR. A lighter barrel than that of the M1919A4 was fitted, and a carrying handle was attached to the barrel jacket to make it easier to carry. Previous M1919 designs could change the barrel, but it required essentially field stripping the gun to pull the barrel out from the rear the pistol grip back plate, bolt group and the trigger group all had to be removed before the barrel could be replaced, and this put the gun out of action for minutes, and risked losing and damaging parts in the field. The M1919A6 muzzle device allowed the gun crew to replace the barrel from the front; an improvement, but still an awkward procedure compared to other machine guns of the day. The M1919A6 was a heavy () and awkward weapon in comparison with the MG34 () and MG42 () and was eventually replaced in US service by the M60 machine gun () in the 1960s. T66 The M1919A6 was used by Springfield Armory in the late 1940s and early 1950s as a testbed for an interim general-purpose machine gun. It was rechambered for the experimental T65 series cartridges, culminating in 1951 with the T66 machine gun chambered for the T65E3 cartridge (one of the forerunners to the 7.62mm NATO cartridge). It had a new barrel with a flash-hider attachment, a shorter action, and modified M1 disintegrating belt links to feed the new cartridge. It was deemed still too heavy for field use and was not adopted. .30 AN/M2 A specific aircraft version of the .30 caliber Model 1919A4 was manufactured by Browning as the .30 AN/M2. It had a thinner barrel and receiver walls to keep down weight. Compared to the M1919A4, the AN/M2 had a substantially higher rate of fire (1,200 to 1,500 rounds per minute). It was used on US aircraft early in World War II, but the lighter .30-caliber weapon was increasingly relegated to training duties as the war progressed. A derivative of this weapon was built by Colt as the civilian market MG40. It was later replaced by the larger caliber – and is not to be confused with – the Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, M2, Aircraft, with the smaller-calibre ordance bearing the official designation of "Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M2, Aircraft." The .50 AN/M2 "light barrel" version, used in the majority of fixed and flexible/turreted mounts on U.S. World War II-era aircraft as the war progressed, lacked the massive "cooling collar" of the heavy barrel M2HB version, which is still in service with the ground forces of the U.S. military in the 21st century. The AN/M2 was responsible for seriously wounding "one of the best Japanese fighter pilots of the war" flying ace Saburō Sakai when he attacked eight SBD Dauntlesses from behind mistaking them for F4F Wildcat fighters. The "Stinger" was a field modification by marines in the Pacific Theater during World War II and used on the ground as a light machine gun. These were salvaged from crashed and disabled aircraft and fitted with a bipod (spade grips still attached). Later more extensive modifications led to six being fitted with a custom trigger, M1 Garand buttstock, M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle bipod and rear sights to allow for use without a tripod or other mount. The resulting weapon was a belt-fed, long, gun and fired three times as fast as the M1919A6's of the day. The Stinger was recommended as a replacement for the BAR in squads however the war ended just six months later. Marine Corporal Tony Stein used a "Stinger" during the invasion of Iwo Jima. Stein would posthumously receive the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle." Flygplanskulspruta m/22 Flygplanskulspruta m/22, (fpl)ksp m/22 for short, was a Swedish variant of the .30 AN/M2 aircraft machine gun. The name literally translates to "airplane machine gun model 22". It was originally used by the Swedish army's aviation branch but moved over to the Swedish air force when it was formed in 1926. The first guns delivered were built by Colt but Sweden later got a license to produce the weapon domestically. The ksp m/22 stayed in active service all the way to 1957, although by then only in a gunpod for ground strafing. Originally the ksp m/22 was chambered in 6.5x55 mm but in 1932 almost all guns where re chambered to 8x63 mm. Browning .303 Mark II The Browning was adopted by the Royal Air Force as a replacement for the .303 Vickers machine gun and manufactured by Vickers Armstrong and BSA to fire the British .303 inch (7.7 mm) round and named "Browning .303 Mk II" in British Service. It was essentially the 1930 Pattern belt-fed Colt–Browning machine gun with a few modifications for British use, such as firing from an open bolt to avoid cooking off the cordite rounds, hence prohibiting the use of synchronization to fire them through a spinning propeller and a lighter bolt, increasing the rate of fire, much like the US .30 M2/AN aircraft variant. It was designed to fire hydraulically or pneumatically as a wing mounted machine gun but was also adopted as hand-fired mount for use in bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. It had a rate of fire of 1,150 rounds per minute. The licence was issued to BSA by July 1935. The Browning .303 was used as the RAF and Fleet Air Arm (FAA) primary fixed forward firing aircraft armament before the war, both on pre-war biplane fighters (Gloster Gladiator, Hawker Fury) and on the UK's new 'eight-gun fighters' the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire and the naval Fairey Fulmar, and as secondary weapons in mid-war variants of the Spitfire, as well as being fitted in single, double or quadruple mounts as offensive weapons for the Bristol Blenheim, the Fairey Battle, Handley Page Hampden, Martin Maryland/Baltimore, Fairey Swordfish, Lockheed Hudson, Douglas Boston, Blackburn Skua and Bristol Beaufort. It was also used as a turret gun in various Boulton Paul or Nash & Thompson turrets on bombers, and flying boats. Even after the introduction of autocannon as primary fighter armament .303 Brownings were retained as supplementary weapons on many aircraft including later versions of the Spitfire, as well as fighter-bomber and night fighter versions of the de Havilland Mosquito, among others. For hand-held moveable mount use the Vickers K machine gun was preferred. There is pictorial evidence of the .303 Browning being placed on improvised bipods for ground use during the early campaigns in Burma and Malaysia. M37 In the late 1940s and early 1950s the US military was looking for an upgrade to the M1919 that could feed from either side for use as an improved coaxial machine gun. Saco-Lowell developed a model that had the driving spring attached to the back plate (eliminating the need for a mainspring and driving rod protruding out the back of the bolt), a solenoid trigger for remote firing, a feed cover that could open from either side, a bolt with dual tracks that could feed from either side, and a reversible belt feed pawl, ejector, and feed chute. The experimental T151 had a flat backplate, the T152 had spade grips and a "butterfly" trigger like the M2HB, and the T153 had a pistol grip and back-up trigger like the M1919A4 and an extended charging handle similar to those on the M1919A5. The T153 was adopted as the M37 and was produced by SACO-Lowell and Rock Island Arsenal from 1955 to 1957. It was in regular service from 1955 until it was replaced by the M37E1 in the late 1960s and the M73A1 in the early 1970s. The M37 was used mostly on the M47 and M48 Patton medium tanks. The M37F was a trial variant fitted with special sighting equipment. The M37C was a variant without a sight bracket designed for use in aircraft armament (like the skid-mounted XM1/E1 helicopter armament subsystem). The M37E1 was a M37 machine gun converted by Rock Island Arsenal and Springfield Armory to chamber the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge and feed the M13 disintegrating belt. They were designed for interim use until the M73 machine gun could be fielded. The M37E1 was to be standardized as the M37A1 but development of the improved M73A1 precluded this. Mk 21 Mod 0 The increasing American involvement in Vietnam created a demand for small arms, especially the new M60 machine gun. The Navy had surplus machine guns left over from World War 2 and Korea, but they were chambered for the earlier .30-06 Springfield cartridge rather than the new standard 7.62mm NATO cartridge. The Mk 21 Mod 0 was a US Navy conversion of the .30 M1919A4 to fire the 7.62mm NATO cartridge. This was accomplished by replacing the barrel, bolt, and feed cover and adding a chamber bushing, a link-stripper, and a second belt-holding pawl to allow it to feed and fire the new cartridge. Spacer blocks were added to the front and back of the feedway to guide the shorter round and block the use of the longer .30-06 Springfield ammunition. A six-inch flash hider was also added to the barrel to reduce the muzzle flash. The conversions were performed from 1966 through 1967 at Naval Ordnance Station Louisville. Modified M1919A4s had the designation "Machine Gun, 7.62mm / Mk 21 Mod 0" stamped on the receiver sideplate in 1/4-inch lettering. The replacement barrels had "7.62mm NATO-G" stamped on them in 1/8-inch letters to differentiate them from M1919A4 or M60 barrels; the letter G indicated it used a grooved barrel bushing. It used the standard 7.62mm NATO M13 link "strip-out" disintegrating link, in which the bolt pushes the round out of the bottom of the two-part link and then forwards into the breech. The old M1 link "pull-out" disintegrating links, which are pulled backwards out of the one-piece link by the extractor towards the bolt and then forwards into the breech, would not feed through the new mechanism. The M1 links, which were designed for the longer and thinner .30-06 Springfield, would also be too narrow to fit the shorter and thicker 7.62mm NATO round. The US Navy, because of their narrower inventory of 7.62mm NATO ammunition, used linked belts of either 7.62mm M80 Ball or a 4:1 ratio mix of 7.62mm M80 Ball and 7.62mm M62 Tracer. The refurbished feed mechanism was left-hand feed only. It was different from the one in the M60 GPMG in that the open end of the belt had to be on top so it could be stripped out. To prepare the ammo, gunners had to take out both of the 100-round belts from an M19A1 ammo can, had to link them both together, and then loaded the resultant 200-round belt back into the M19A1 can upside-down so it would feed correctly. International variants and derivatives The M1919 pattern has been used in countries all over the world in a variety of forms and under a number of different designations. The Browning Mk 1 and Mk 2 were older-style Commonwealth designations for the .303 caliber Browning machine guns used on the vast majority of British aircraft of World War II. The difference between the Mk 1 and Mk 2 versions is unknown, but the weapon visually is quite similar to the AN/M2 aircraft gun. The post-war designations for these weapons was L3, and they were used by the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia to designate the fixed (A1) and flexible (A2) versions of the M1919A4 in .30-06 caliber. L3A3 and L3A4 denoted sear hold-open conversion of previous L3A1s and L3A2s. The A3 is the modified version of the A1, and the A4 is the modified version of the A2. The Canadians later adopted a separate designation for 7.62×51mm rechambered M1919A4s for fixed (C1) and flexible (C1A1) applications. The C5 and C5A1 were product improvements of the previous C1 and C1A1 respectively. The Rhodesian Air Force used twin Browning Mk 2 models, chambered in the British .303 cartridge, mounted on Alouette III G-Car helicopters as well as modified variants fitted with FN MAG bipods, pistol grips and stocks for ground use. The Browning was produced by FN-Herstal in Belgium as well, being used in, among others, the Fokker D.XXI and IAR-80/81 fighters. MG A4 is the Austrian designation for the M1919A4. MG4 is a South African upgrade of the M1919 in current use with the South African National Defence Force. The MG4 upgrade was done by Lyttleton Engineering Works, Pretoria. MG m/52-1 and MG m/52-11 were Danish designations for the M1919A4 and M1919A5 respectively. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) used vehicle-mounted M1919A4 guns converted to 7.62mm NATO on many of their armored vehicles. Ksp m/22 is the Swedish designation for license-built M1919s chambered for 8×63mm patron m/22 cartridges, for aircraft use. Ksp m/39 is the Swedish designation for M1919A4 license-built by Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori chambered in 6.5×55mm and 8×63mm patron m/32, and from about 1975 rebarreled in 7.62×51mm NATO. Intended for use in tanks and armoured vehicles, it's available with both left- and right hand feeding, the former is used in CV 90. Ksp m/42 was the Swedish designation for license-built M1919A6 used for infantry support, normally chambered in 6.5×55mm but occasionally in 8×63mm patron m/32, and from about 1975, mostly fitted with barrels in 7.62×51mm NATO. The Ksp m/42B was a lighter version with bipod and shoulder stock (used in a similar way as the M1919A6), chambered in 6.5×55mm and later in 7.62×51mm. Even the ksp m/42B proved too heavy, and was replaced by the ksp m/58 (FN MAG). In the late 1980s, most remaining ksp m/42 was rebuilt into ksp m/39 to be installed into the CV 90s. The Poles developed a copy of the Browning M1919 chambered for 7.92×57mm Mauser, designated Ckm wz.32, similar to the earlier Ckm wz.30. Commercial variants and derivatives Colt MG40 Colt produced a derivative of the M2 aircraft machine gun, the Colt MG40. It shipped in a variety of calibers, including the basic .30-06 Springfield and popular 7mm Spanish Mauser, and was available in left- or right-hand feed. The MG40-2 Light Aircraft Machine Gun could be used in flexible- (pintle-mounted), fixed- (wing-mounted), or synchronized- (through the propeller) models. The Flexible mount machine gun came with grips and a "butterfly" trigger plate like the standard ground model. The Fixed model had a backplate. It used a cable connected to an operating slide connected to a stud on the bolt to fire it; tension in the cable causes the trigger to activate and slack in the cable causes it to stop. The synchronized variant of the Fixed model had a trigger motor for through-propeller, gun synchronizing needs. Civilian ownership in the US The Browning M1919 remains popular with civilian enthusiasts in the United States, though changes in 1986 to the National Firearms Act of 1934 (the US Federal law regulating private ownership of machine guns) prohibited the registration of new machine guns for sales to civilians, thus freezing the number of "transferable" machine guns in private ownership. The inflation of prices that followed, and the availability of parts from surplussed and scrapped machine guns, led to the development of semi-automatic versions of the Browning M1919. Typically, these are built using a new right sideplate (the portion legally considered the "firearm" under US law), which has a raised "island" protruding into the interior of the receiver. This requires the use of a modified bolt, barrel extension and lock frame which have been designed to allow only semi-automatic firing. The "island" prevents the insertion of unmodified full-automatic parts. A number of small gun companies have produced these "semi-auto machine guns" for commercial sales. The fairly simple modifications necessary to convert M1919 parts to the semi-automatic version, and the relatively easy process of riveting used in the assembly of the Browning machine gun's receiver, have also made it a popular gun for hobbyists to build at home. Similar "semi-auto machine guns" have been built using parts from other Browning pattern machine guns, to include the AN/M2 aircraft gun and FN30, and variations that never saw military use such as extremely short (8") barreled guns. Current and former users : 1,605 M1919A4s, known as MG-A4. Used into the 1970s. : M1919A4 Browning were used by the X Force and M1919A6 Browning were later supplied by the OSS to American trained Chinese commandos in 1945. Brigade 2506 : 7.62 MG M/52 Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda : Used by the Royal Hong Kong Regiment. : used post-war : Received M1919A4 and M1919A6 from US Government during Vietnam War and Laotian Civil War. : Operated those fitted on Lend-Lease vehicles and planes See also Dieudonné Saive List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation SNL A-6 M1917 Browning machine gun M2 Browning machine gun Edward Colquhoun Charlton (using an M1919 from his Sherman tank in 1945) was awarded the Victoria Cross References Further reading Frank Iannamico, Hard Rain: History of the Browning Machine Guns Dolf L. Goldsmith, The Browning Machine Gun, Vol I & II Drabkin, Artem. The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa & the retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front. Barnsley (South Yorkshire), Pen & Sword Military, 2007. External links (1986) C-71-126-000 Parts Identification Lists - Machine Gun, 7.62mm, C5A1 Beltfedshooters.com For Beltfed Enthusiasts The Light Machine Gun Gothia Association for Weapon History on the Ksp m/42 How machine guns work History of the Browning Machine Gun at browningmgs.com TM 9-2012, a manual covering the M-37 Browning Machine Gun M37: The Ultimate Improved Browning 1919 Forgotten Weapons 7.62×51mm NATO machine guns .30-06 Springfield machine guns Aircraft guns Medium machine guns Machine guns of the United States World War II firearms of the United States Light machine guns World War II machine guns Weapons of the Philippine Army

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Been%20Better%20Tour

Never Been Better Tour

Never Been Better Tour was the concert tour of British recording artist Olly Murs. The tour supports his fourth studio album Never Been Better (2014) and was announced in November 2014. Originally, only a leg consisting of 14 shows in UK was planned, but due to high demand, the run was expanded with more dates, also in the rest of Europe. Set list This set list is representative of the two shows in Sheffield on 31 March 2015 and 1 April 2015. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour. "Did You Miss Me" "Right Place Right Time" "Why Do I Love You" "Hey You Beautiful" "Hand on Heart" "Never Been Better" "Seasons" Medley: "Thinking of Me" / "Busy" / "Please Don't Let Me Go" "Oh My Goodness" "Hope You Got What You Came For" "Heart Skips a Beat" "Up" (with Ella Eyre) "Dance with Me Tonight" "Let Me In" "Dear Darlin'" "Uptown Funk" (Mark Ronson cover) "Beautiful To Me" "Troublemaker" Encore: "Nothing Without You" "Wrapped Up" Shows Notes References 2015 concert tours