Source: https://www.mindat.org/min-4187.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 23:53:22+00:00

Document:
Violarite: Mineral information, data and localities.
From Latin "viola", violet, alluding to the color of the mineral, especially if viewed with a reflected-light microscope.
Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group.
Beyrichite The original material has been shown to probably be violarite replacing millerite; other specimens are mixtures of other minerals (Milton and Axelrod, 1955).
Chalcopyrite 12 photos of Violarite associated with Chalcopyrite on mindat.org.
Pentlandite 11 photos of Violarite associated with Pentlandite on mindat.org.
Polydymite 10 photos of Violarite associated with Polydymite on mindat.org.
Galena 6 photos of Violarite associated with Galena on mindat.org.
Millerite 5 photos of Violarite associated with Millerite on mindat.org.
Pyrite 4 photos of Violarite associated with Pyrite on mindat.org.
Sperrylite 3 photos of Violarite associated with Sperrylite on mindat.org.
Nickeline 2 photos of Violarite associated with Nickeline on mindat.org.
Pyrrhotite 2 photos of Violarite associated with Pyrrhotite on mindat.org.
Cobaltite 1 photo of Violarite associated with Cobaltite on mindat.org.
Clark, F.W. & Catlett, C. (1889) A platinoferrous nickel ore from Canada, Laspeyres’s (sic) polydymite. American Journal of Science: 37: 372-374.
Lindgren, W. & Davy, W.M. (1924) Nickel ores from the Key West mine, Nevada. Economic Geology: 19 309-319.
Short, M.N. & Shannon, E.V. (1930) Violarite and other nickel sulphides. American Mineralogist: 15: 1-22.
Milton, C. and Axelrod, J. M. (1955) Beyrichite, a discredited species. American Mineralogist: 40: 757-770.
Berry, L.G. and R.M. Thompson (1962) X-ray powder data for the ore minerals. Geological Society of America Mem: 85: 77-78.
Canadian Mineralogist (1969) 6: 629-643.
Misra, K.C. and M.E. Fleet (1974) Chemical composition and stability of violarite: Economic Geology: 69: 391-403.
Dunn, J.G., & V.L. Howes (1996) The oxidation of violarite: Thermochimica Acta: 282/283: 305-316.
Grguric, B.A. (2002) Hypogene violarite of exsolution origin from Mount Keith, Western Australia: field evidence for a stable pentlandite-violarite tie line: Mineralogical Magazine: 66: 313-326.
Tenailleau, C., Pring, A., Tschmann, B., Brugger, J., Grguric, B. and Putnis, A. (2006) Transformation of pentlandite to violarite under mild hydrothermal conditions: American Mineralogist: 91: 706-709.
The following Violarite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
FERRACUTTI, G.; BJERG, E. and MOGESSIE, A.. Precious and base metals in Las Águilas, Sierra de San Luis: Mineralogy, genesis and evolution. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2007, vol.62, n.3, pp. 434-446.
Degeling P.R. (1982) Wagga Wagga 1:250 000 Metallogenic Map (SI 55-15) Mine Data Sheets and Metallogenic Study. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Riley, J. F. (1980). Ferroan carrollites, cobaltian violarites, and other members of the linnaeite group:(Co, Ni, Fe, Cu) 3S4. Mineralogical Magazine, 43(330), 733-739.
- Reid R. Keays & Simon M. Jowitt (2013): The Avebury Ni deposit, Tasmania: A case study of an unconventional nickel deposit. Ore Geology Reviews 52, 4-17.
Bussat, F, (1980) Minerals from some mines in the Woods Point district, Victoria, The Australian Mineralogist No. 31, July 1980, pp. 147-152.
Nickel, E.H., Bridge, P.J. (1977) Nickelblödite, Na₂Ni(SO₄)₂.4H₂O, a new mineral from Western Australia, Mineralogical Magazine, March 1977, Vol.41 pp.37-41.
AM 70 (1985), 419; Mineralogical Magazine 1981 44 : 333-337.
Marston, R.J., (1984): Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia, Geological Survey of Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin, 14.
Nickel, E.H., Clout, J.F.M. & Gartrell, B.J. (1994): Secondary Nickel Minerals from Widgiemooltha, Western Australia. Mineralogical Record (1994): 25: 283-291 & 302.
Cox, R. (1974) Geochemical soil surveys in exploration for nickel-copper sulphides at Pioneer, near Norseman, Western Australia, Special Publication No.2, 5th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium Vancouver BC Canada 1-4 April 1974 p.437. Marston, R.J. (1984) Nickel Mineralization in Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin 14, Geological Survey of Western Australia, 291p.
Marston, R.J. (1984) Nickel Mineralization in Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin 14, Geological Survey of Western Australia, 291 pages. Baensch, A. (2000) The Mineralogy of the Massive Sulphides in the High Grade Silver Swan Massive Nickel Sulphide Deposit. With an emphasis on the distribution of arsenic and cobalt mineralisation. BSc. thesis, Curtin University of Technology, 225 pages.
Marshall, A.E. (2001) Low temperature-low pressure ('epithermal') vein deposits of the North Pilbara granite-greenstone terrane, Western Australia. Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Department of Industry, Science & Resources, AGSO Record 2000/1.
Kolitsch, U. (2015): 1937) Amesit(?), Baryt, Bornit, Chalkopyrit, Chromit, Hercynit, Hollingworthit, Ilmenit, Irarsit, Klinochlor, Laurit, Magnetit, Millerit, Pentlandit, Polydymit, Pyrit, Pyrrhotin, Rutil, Sperrylith, Spinell, Violarit und Xenotim-(Y)(?) von Wolfsbach im nördlichen Waldviertel, Niederösterreich. Pp. 246-249 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280.
Vavtar, F. (1995): Erzmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Silberpentlanditen der Cu-Fe-Erzparagenese von Axams (Stubaikristallin, Tirol, Österreich). Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 20, 313-334.
Kolitsch, U. (2017): 2022) Boulangerit, Ullmannit und Violarit und weitere Mineralien in einer historischen Jamesonit-Stufe von Wilten (Wiltau), Innsbruck, Nordtirol. Pp. 234-236 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284.
ⓘ Gralex Quarry (Pont-à-Nôle quarry) ?
Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A. (2013): Carbonatitic inclusions in deep mantle diamond from Juina, Brazil: new minerals in the carbonate-halide association. Can. Mineral. 51, 669-688.
Nixon, G. T., & Smyth, W. R. (1998). Ni–Cu sulfide mineralization in the Turnagain Alaskan-type complex: a unique magmatic environment. Geological Survey of British Columbia, Paper, 1.
R. G. Arnold and O. P. Malik (1974) Violarite in some nickel ores from Lynn Lake and Thompson, Manitoba, and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada Can Mineral, 12:320-326; Phillips, K. A. (1979) Minerals of Manitoba: Volume II: Metallic minerals. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/2.
Phillips, K. A. (1979) Minerals of Manitoba: Volume II: Metallic minerals. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/2.; Chen, Yuan, "Precious-metal Mineralization And Sulfide-silicate Relationships In Some Canadian Nickel-copper Sulfide Deposits: Thompson Mine, Manitoba; Sudbury, Ontario; Dundonald Beach, Ontario" (1993). Digitized Theses. Paper 2231.
Bennett, G. (1978) Geology Of The Northeast Temagami Area. Ontario Geological Survey, Report 163, 128 pages plus maps, at pp. 79.
White, C. J. (2012). Low-Sulfide PGE-Copper-Nickel Mineralization From Five Prospects Within The Footwall Of The Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario, Canada. PhD thesis. University of Toronto (Canada).
CLARK, F.W. & CATLETT, C. (1889): A platinoferrous nickel ore from Canada, Laspeyres’s (sic) polydymite. American Journal of Science 37, 372-374. SHORT, M.N. & SHANNON, E.V. (1930): Violarite and other nickel sulphides. American Mineralogist 15, 1-22.
Economic Geology 103 (2008) 1005-1028.; Ames, D. E., McClenaghan, M. B., Averill, S., & Milkereit, B. (2007). Footwall-hosted Cu-PGE (Au, Ag), Sudbury Canada: towards a new exploration vector. Exploration 07, Exploration in the New Millennium, 1013-1017.
Ames, D.E., Kjarsgaard, I.M., McDonald, A.M. & Good, D.J. (2017) Insights into the extreme PGE enrichment of the W Horizon, Marathon Cu-Pd deposit, Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Canada: Platinum-group mineralogy, compositions and genetic implications. Ore Geology Reviews 90:723-747.
Louis J. Cabri and J.H. Gilles Laflamme (1979) Mineralogy of Samples from the Lac Des Iles Area, Ontario. Canmet Report 79-27; Hulbert, L. J., Duke, J. M., Eckstrand, O. R., Lydon, J. W., Scoates, R. F. J., Cabri, L. J., & Irvine, T. N. (1998) Geological Environments of Platinum Group elements. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1440. Natural Resources Canada.
Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Mineralogical Record (1976): 7(4): 174-178.
Peddada, A.R. (1973) Petrology of the Nemeiben Lake ultraramafic body (Saskatchewan) and associated nickel-sulphide deposits. Canadian Mineralogist 12, 144.; MacFarlane, N. D., & Mossman, D. J. (1981). The opaque minerals and economic geology of the Nemeiben ultramafic complex, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mineralium Deposita, 16(3), 409-424.
Yukon Minfile (115G 024); Barkov, A.Y., Laflamme, J.H.G., Cabri, L.J., and Martin, R.F. (2002) Platinum-group minerals from the Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 651-669.
Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian, and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Lunping [Geological Review] 27(2), 108-115.
Kui-Shou Ding, Ke-Zhang Qin, Ying-Xia Xu, He Sun, Xing-Wang Xu, Dong-Mei Tang, Qian Mao, and Yu-Guang Ma (2007): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 26(1), 109-119.
Chunming Han, Wenjiao Xiao, Guochun Zhao, Jingwen Mao, Sanzhong Li, Zhen Yan, and Qigui Mao (2006): Ore Geology Reviews 28, 308-328.
Yuwang Wang, Jingbin Wang, Lijuan Wang, Xiaoming Peng, Weidong Hui, and Quanxin Qin (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 80(1), 61-73; Yan Sun, Yuanfu Xiao, Wei Feng, Fahui Xiong, and Zhiqiang Zhao (2009): Geology in China 36(4), 871-877; Han, C., Xiao, W., Zhao, G., Ao, S., Zhang, J., Qu, W., & Du, A. (2010). In-situ U–Pb, Hf and Re–Os isotopic analyses of the Xiangshan Ni–Cu–Co deposit in Eastern Tianshan (Xinjiang), Central Asia Orogenic Belt: constraints on the timing and genesis of the mineralization. Lithos, 120(3), 547-562.
Mutanen, T. 1997. Geology and ore petrology of the Akanvaara and Koitelainen mafic layered intrusion and the Keivitsa- Satovaara layered complex, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland. Bulletin 395, 233 p.
Peltonen, P., Kontinen, A., Huhma, H., and Kuronen, U. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 559-617.
Kojonen, Kari, Johansson, Bo and Pekkala, Lasse (2002) Leppävirran Rytkyn Ni-Cu sulfidimalmiaiheen malmimineraaleista. GTK:n arkistoraportit M41/3241/2002/1.
Häkli,T.; Vormisto, K. 1985. The Vammala nickel-copper deposit in: The nickel-copper deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian Caledonides. Geological Survey of Finland. Bulletin 333, 273-286.
Kärkkäinen, Niilo, Leväniemi, Hanna, Kojonen, Kari, Huhta, Pekka, Tiainen, Markku (2016) Lempään gabbron nikkelimineralisaation tutkimus Forsassa vuosina 2013-2016. GTK, Malmivarannot, Raportti 63/2016.
Kolitsch, U., Rieck, B. and Voudouris, P. (2015): Mineralogy and genesis of the Lavrion ore deposit: new insights from the study of ore and accessory minerals. MinPet 2015, Leoben, Austria, September 10-13; abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 161, 66; Rieck, B., Kolitsch, U., Voudouris, P., Giester, G. and Tzeferis, P. (2018): Weitere Neufunde aus Lavrion, Griechenland. Mineralien-Welt 29 (5), 32-77 (in German).
Augé, T., Bailly, L., Cocherie, A., Genna, A., Guerrot, C., Lerouge, C., ... & Patra, R. N. (2002, July). Magmatic and Hydrothermal Platinum-Group Element Mineralization in the Baula Area, Orissa, India. In Proceedings of the 9th International Platinum Symposium (pp. 21-24).; Mishra, B., & Hazarika, P. (2016). Rare greenockite (CdS) within the chromite–PGE association in the Bangur Gabbro, Baula-Nuasahi Complex, Eastern India. Ore Geology Reviews, 72, 1327-1334.
Prichard, H. M., Mondal, S. K., Mukherjee, R., Fisher, P. C., & Giles, N. (2018). Geochemistry and mineralogy of Pd in the magnetitite layer within the upper gabbro of the Mesoarchean Nuasahi Massif (Orissa, India). Mineralium Deposita, 53(4), 547-564.
Bedognè, F. (2006). Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (4), 254-255.
- D'Agnolo M. (1966): Manifestazioni uranifere connesse ad arenarie permiane nel Trentino sud-occidentale. In: Atti del Symposium Internazionale sui Giacimenti Minerari delle Alpi, Trento-Mendola, 11-18 settembre 1966. Regione Trentino-Alto Adige e CCIA, Arti Grafiche Saturnia, Trento, Vol. 2, 253-271. - Ravagnani D. (1974): I giacimenti uraniferi italiani e i loro minerali. Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Ed., Milano, 188 pp.
Bortolozzi G., Blass G., Boscardin M., Rocchetti I. and Ferretti P. (2013) : La miniera di Cinquevalli (Valsugana, Trentino-Alto Adige): aggiornamento sulle specie negli ultimi anni. Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., 93, pagg. 149-165.
Bettini, G., Benucci, V., Cosmi, S. and Biagioni, C. (2018) Pentlandite. I campioni cristallizzati di Nibbiaia, Livorno. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 42 (2), 142-144.
Ishiyama, D. et al (1982) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #2, 149-171.
Bamba, Takeo (1981) Nickeliferous Pyrrhotite Deposits and Ores from the Oshirabetsu Mine, Tokachi Province, Hokkaido. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, vol. 19, no. 4, Februaly, 1981, pp. 415-438.
D Ishiyama, et al (2000) J. Min. Coll. Akita Univ., Ser. A, 3, no. 3, 105-127.
Nagashima, M., Akasaka, M., & Morifuku, Y. (2016). Ore and Skarn Mineralogy of the Yamato Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, with Emphasis on Silver‐, Bismuth‐, Cobalt‐, and Tin‐bearing Sulfides. Resource Geology, 66(1), 37-54.
New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1999, Vol. 42: 189-204; Grapes, R. H., and G. A. Challis. "Gersdorffite with pentlandite, violarite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite, northwest Nelson, New Zealand." New Zealand journal of geology and geophysics 42, no. 2 (1999): 189-204.
Gill, K.R., Johnston, M.R. (1970) The geology and nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation in the Graham Valley, North-West Nelson. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 13:2, 477-494.
Challis, G.A., Grapes, R., Palmer, K. (1995) Chromian muscovite, uvarovite, and zincian chromite: products of regional metasomatism in Northwest Nelson, New Zealand. The Canadian Mineralogist, 33(6), 1263-1284. Grapes, R.H., Challis, G.A. (1999) Gersdorffite with pentlandite, violarite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite, northwest Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 42:2, 189-204.
Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10; Matsukuma, H. (1943) Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 30, 4.
Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10; Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea, 24, 10.
Đorđević, T., Kolitsch, U., Tasev, G., Serafimovski, T. & Boev, B. (2017): Anomalous As-enrichment in gersdorffite in a realgar-rich environment: Lojane, Macedonia. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 163, 38 (abs.).
Nixon, F. (1969) A/S Sulfidmalm Evje Iveland Project - Catalogue of Sulphide prospects. Bergvesenet rapport BV 994, 54p.
Bjørlykke, H. (1947): Flåt nickel mine. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 168b, 1-39.
Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68. (p. 32).
Thompson, J.F.H., Nixon, F. & Sivertsen, R. (1980): The geology of the Vakkerlien nickel prospect, Kvikne, Norway. Bull. Geol.Soc. Finland., 52, 3-21.
Bjørlykke, H. (1949): Hosanger Nikkelgruve. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 172, 1-38 + map.
Pryadunenko, A., & Kullerud, K. (2015). Economical Potential of an Ultramafic Rock at the Kvaløya Island, North Norway. In Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM) (pp. 19-27). Springer, Cham.
Arif, M. (2003): Sulphides and sulpharsenides in the emerald-hosting rocks from the Indus suture zone in Swat, NW Pakistan. Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 261-271.
Peskov, A. Y., Didenko, A. N., & Guryanov, V. A. (2018). Paleoproterozoic Evolution of Mafic–Ultramafic Magmatism of the Kun-Manie Ore Field (Aldan-Stanovoy Shield): Evidence from Paleomagnetic Data. Russian Journal of Pacific Geology, 12(5), 341-353.
Keren Tan (1998): Gold Science and Technology 6(4), 29-37; Woodl, B. L., & Popov, N. P. (2006). The Giant Sukhoi Log Gold Deposit, Siberia. Russian Geology and Geophysics Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 315-341; Distler, V. V., Mitrofanov, G. L., Yudovskaya, M. A., Lishnevsky, E. N., & Prokof’ev, V. Y. (2005). Deep structure and ore-forming processes of the Sukhoi Log gold-platinum deposit, Russia. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 921-923). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Orsoev, D.A. [Орсоев, Д.А.] (1985): Mineralogy of copper-nickel ores of the Lovnoozero deposit (Kola peninsula) [Минералогия сульфидных медно-никелевых руд Ловноозерского местророждения (Кольский полуостров)]. Candidate's degree thesis, USSR Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 253 pp. (in Russian).
Gas’kov, I. V. (2008). New data on the correlation of skarn and gold mineralization at the Tardan deposit (northeastern Tuva). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 49(12), 923-931.
Shmelev V.R., Perevozchikov B.V., Moloshag V.P. (2014) The Rai-Iz ophiolite massif in the Polar Urals: geology and chromite deposits. Field trip guidebook. 12th International Platinum Symposium. Yekaterinburg: IGG UB RAS, 2014. 44 р.
Minerals of South Africa; Schwellnus, J. S. I., Hiemstra, S. A., & Gasparrini, E. (1976). The Merensky Reef at the Atok platinum mine and its environs. Economic Geology, 71(1), 249-260.
Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea, 24, 10.
Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10.
Monterrubio, S. y Lunar, R. (1990). Mineralogía y química de los sulfuros de Ni-Fe-Cu asociados a las rocas ultramaficas de macizo de Herbeira (complejo de Cabo Ortegal, La Coruña). Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, 13-1, 47-48.
Kresten,P. (1990): The Alnø area (in Swedish). In: Lundqvist, T. (Ed.), Beskrivning Till Bergrundskartan Over Västernorrlands län. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning serie Ba, 31, 238–278.
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 428.
Volker Dietrich (1972) Die sulfidischen Vererzungen in den Oberhalbsteiner Serpentiniten. Beitrage zur Geologie der Schweiz. Geotechnische Serie 49.
Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 427.
Bobrov, O. B., Merkushin, I. E., Sergienko, V. M., Pogukaj, V. I., Mudrovska, I. V., Voloshyn, O. A., ... & Sivoronov, A. O. (2006, August). Object B2. Mayske gold deposit. In International Field Workshop. IAGOD; Bobrov A.B. (2014) Mayske gold deposit. OBJECT G8. IAGOD Field trip.
Nechaev S & Pastukhov V (2001) Links between the Proterozoic anorthosite-rapakivigranite plutons and ore-forming events in the Ukrainian Shield (ores of titanium, uranium, rare metal and gold). in Abstracts – GEODE field workshop 8-12th July 2001 on ilmenite deposits in the Rogaland anorthosite province, S. Norway.
ⓘ Carter Mine (Carter Tunnel) ?
King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1.
Candela, Philip A., Wylie, Ann G., and Burke, Todd M. (1989) Genesis of the Ultramafic rock-associated Fe-Cu-Co-Zn-Ni deposits of the Sykesville District, Maryland Piedmont, Economic Geology, v 84, p. 663-675.
Short, M. N. and Shannon, Earl V. (1930). Violarite and other rare nickel sulphides (American Mineralogist 15:1-22.
Dean Rossell and Steven Coombes ,April 29, 2005, THE GEOLOGY OF THE EAGLE NICKEL-COPPER DEPOSIT MICHIGAN, USA ; Kennecott Minerals Co.
Desautels, P., Patelke, R., Maunula, T., & Belluz, N. (2007). Technical Report on the Northmet Deposit, Minnesota, USA.
V.V. Sharygin et al. , Scientific Journal Russian Geology and Geophysics, Sept. 2003, Vol. 44, N°9.
Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 77.
Heyl, A., A. F. Agnew, E. J. Lyons & C.H. Behre Jr. (1959), The geology of Upper Mississippi Valley Zinc-Lead District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 309: 271.
Heyl, A., A. F. Agnew, E. J. Lyons & C.H. Behre Jr. (1959), The geology of Upper Mississippi Valley Zinc-Lead District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 309: 274.
Heyl, A., A. F. Agnew, E. J. Lyons & C.H. Behre Jr. (1959), The geology of Upper Mississippi Valley Zinc-Lead District: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 309, 310 p.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.