Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol2/pp64-77
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 13:49:39+00:00

Document:
The priory of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey, was founded in the year 1082 for monks of the Cluniac order by Alwin Child, a citizen of London. (fn. 1) It was not however till some years later that a colony from the important house of St. Mary, Charité-sur-Loire, arrived to take possession of the new settlement. The four monks, Peter, Richard, Osbert and Umbald, who arrived on 16 April 1089, (fn. 2) are said to have been brought over through the instrumentality of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. (fn. 3) Peter was appointed the first prior.
The various rent charges in the city of London, which Alwin their founder had assigned to the monks were augmented by the gift of the manor of Bermondsey (fn. 4) by William Rufus. This manor, the nucleus of all future possessions, was retained by the convent in uninterrupted possession till the year 1417, when, a writ of 'Quo Warranto' being brought against them, they were successful in obtaining a verdict in their favour. (fn. 5) Other gifts quickly followed, many of which are recorded in the foundation charter of Rufus confirming the manor of Bermondsey and church of St. Saviour 'to the monks of Caritate.' Among them may be mentioned the manor of 'Bridesthorn' with lands in 'Widon' and in Hardwicke, and a rent charge of 10s. a year out of a mill at Sutton, the grant of Wynebald de Baalun, sold later by the convent in order to purchase the manor of Richmond in Bengeo, Herts, for which they gave 160 marks; the church of Hardwicke with tithes of Easington in the county of Gloucester, a moiety of the manor of Upton, Berks, with advowson and tithes of the church granted by the same benefactor. (fn. 6) The advowson of the church and tithes of Ampney Crucis in Gloucestershire were granted to the brethren by Odo de Tirone, a knight of Wynebald's, in 1092, and in the same year the manor of Preston (fn. 7) near Yeovil in Somerset by Ansger Brito, also a knight of this same donor. (fn. 8) Robert Bluet, the chancellor, in 1093, when he was appointed to the see of Lincoln, bestowed on the monks of Bermondsey the manor of Charlton in Kent, and in this same year a manor in Little Hallingbury in Essex was granted to them by Geoffrey Martel by the consent of Geoffrey de Mandeville, with tithes of Alferton in Great Dunmow. (fn. 9) The manor of Cowick, now called Quickbury, in Essex, was added to the endowment in 1098 by Richard Guet. (fn. 10) When Alwin Child died in 1094 (fn. 11) he had ample grounds for confidence in the security and future prosperity of the foundation so richly endowed.
Appeals were constantly made by creditors of the house in order to get their claims settled, for, in marked contrast to the importance enjoyed by Bermondsey, its vast possessions and imposing rent roll, are the accounts of its struggle with dire poverty from the twelfth century onwards, ever hampered by debt and threatened with destitution. In addition to the losses they suffered by the flooding of their lands in the low-lying district surrounding Bermondsey and the economic causes which impoverished all religious foundations during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the policy of the Cluniac order itself seems to have contributed to that want of good government which might have overcome, or partially overcome, these natural difficulties. It was the aim of Cluny to keep dependant houses in entire subjection to the parent house, and to regard their heads merely as the nominee of the abbot of Cluny, or in the case of Bermondsey of the prior of La Charité, to which house it was immediately subject, to be appointed, suspended and recalled at will. (fn. 50) From the year 1134, when the fourth prior died, to 1184, during which time eleven priors had borne rule, only one died at his post; and this short term of office which marked the government of the convent was aggravated by the mortality among its heads in certain years, (fn. 51) caused no doubt by the damp and unhealthy situation of the monastery. (fn. 52) When the frequent absence of the prior beyond seas at the parent house, and the many occasions on which on his appointment he received letters of protection from the king to last for a period generally of six months, and occasionally of a year, eighteen months or even two years, are taken into consideration, it is difficult to discover what opportunity there was for good administration.
Alienation of the priory estates went on apace and heavy debts accumulated during the long adminstration of John de Cusancia. (fn. 95) In 1340 the prior and convent were bound in a large sum of money to William de Cusancia the king's clerk, which they were unable to pay on account of the 'intolerable charges' daily incumbent upon them in keeping in repair the breach of Bermondsey, (fn. 96) Edward III. granted a licence for the convent to appropriate the church of Beddington in the year 1347 and to acquire lands and tenements to the value of £20. (fn. 97) In 1373 began the rule of the most successful administrator of the priory of Bermondsey. Richard Dunton, the first Englishman to hold the office of superior, secured a charter of denization for the monastery in 1381 by the payment of a fine of 200 marks, (fn. 98) and from that date on wards the house, while remaining true to the Cluniac rule, ceased to owe temporal allegiance to the abbey of Cluny, or the priory of La Charité, and became a conventual chapter electing its own superior.
The Valor of 1535 returned the clear annual value of the abbey at £474 14s. 4¾d.
Many of the benefactors of this favoured house were buried within its walls: Adelaide or Adelize, wife of Hugh de Grentmaisnil and mother of Ivo; Mary, sister of Queen Maudand wife of Eustace, Count of Boulogne, from whom the brethren obtained the manor of Kingweston. Walchelin de Mamynot is said to have died here.
This contact with English political events and proximity to the centre of vast and important life lends more lustre to the abbey of Bermondsey than can be found in the record of its internal history.
Imperfect impression of eleventh century circular seal (fn. 218) representing the Saviour seated, with right hand raised and left hand holding a book. Legend: SIGILLUM SCI SAL . . . .
Thirteenth century prior's seal, (fn. 219) attached to a document of 1266; small oval, representing the Flight into Egypt; with tonsured head in base under trefoiled arch. Legend: SIGI . . . ORIS . BERMUNDESEYE.
Another thirteenth century oval prior's seal, (fn. 220) representing the Saviour seated under a trefoiled canopy, with sun on right and moon on left; in base a tonsured head. Legend: . . . ORIS . S . . . BMONDSE . . . On the reverse a small circular counterseal of seated Virgin and Child. Legend: MATER . DEI . MEMENTO . MEI.
There is an imperfect impression of a fine pointed oval (fn. 221) thirteenth century seal attached to a document of 1439: Obverse—Our Lord seated, with right hand uplifted in blessing, and orb in the left; the field a semé of stars. Reverse—The small figure of our Lord transfigured in a vesical frame of clouds, with hands uplifted.
The fourteenth century circular seal (impression (fn. 222) attached to document of 1356) bears: Obverse—Our Lord transfigured on the mount between Moses and Elias. In the base the half lengths of Sts. Peter, James and John. Legend: —SIGILL' : ECCL'IE : SCI : SALVATORIS : DE Bermundeseye. Reverse— A small circular counterseal, bearing our Lord, half length, with right hand raised in blessing and holding the orb in the left. Legend: + EGO : SUM : VIA : VERITAS : ET : VITA.
Fine circular fifteenth century seal; (fn. 222) good impression attached to foundation charter of Henry VII. chapel at Westminster. Obverse— Our Lord, with uplifted hands, transfigured in rays of glory, with half-length of Moses and Elias emerging from the clouds; the field semé with stars, and the sun and moon on each side of our Lord. Below are the three disciples seated in natural attitudes. Legend: SIGILLUM COMMUNE MONASTERII SANCTI SALVATORIS DE Bermondesey. Reverse. Our Lord seated on a rainbow, with right hand blessing, and orb in left. Demi-angels on each side bearing arms of France and England, and England respectively; the field semé with stars, and sun and moon below the shields. Beneath the rainbow are five half lengths, the mitred crozier bearing abbot and four of the monks. Legend:—SALVE NOS XPE SALVATOR PER VIRTUTEM SANCTI CRUCIS.
1. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 425.
2. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 427.
3. Leland's Collect. tom. i. p. 263.
4. Lansd. MS. 863, f. 91. This grant included that part of the manor then called Bermondsey, the other part called Rotherhithe was reserved to the Crown. One moiety was given to the priory by Hen. I. (Dugd. Mon., v. 100), and the other to Robert Fitzhamon, which later came into its possession in 1397-8 (Pat. 21 Rich. II. pt. iii., m. 25).
5. Inq. p.m. 5 Henry V. No. 60 (a).
6. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 427.
7. This manor was confirmed to the convent in the Crown suit of 1417 already referred to, when it appeared that the religious were bound to provide two chaplains to pray for the soul of the donor for ever (Inq. p.m. 5 Hen. V. No. 60 [a]).
8. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 427.
10. Ibid. 429. He is styled the brother of the Countess of Warren in the Annals, a statement which is challenged by Manning, Hist. of Surrey, i. 189.
11. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 428.
12. Duckett: Rec. Evid. of Cluny, p. 42.
13. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 431.
16. This comprised a moiety of that part of the manor of Bermondsey still retained by the Crown (See note 22, p. 64).
17. Charter of Hen. I. (Dugdale, Mon. v. 100). Waddon was afterwards exchanged with the Archbishop of Canterbury for the rectory of Croydon (Papal Letters, iv. 327).
18. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 434.
19. Ivo mortgaged his estate to Robert, Count of Meulan and Earl of Leicester, before starting for the Holy Land, and died on the journey. Robert reversed the exchange, but it was renewed by his son, subsequently the convent came to regard the Earl of Leicester as the original donor. This manor with the manors of Upton, Cowick, Little Hallingbury or Monksbury, and Bengeo or Richmond, was afterwards demised to Adam de Stratton, who was ejected in the reign of Edward I. and the manors seized into the king's hand, who restored them to the convent in 1290 (Ann. Mon. (Rolls Series), iii. 467), being demised a second time to Stratton, they again became forfeited but were restored and confirmed by Edward II. (Pat. 11 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 10).
20. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.) iii. 433.
21. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 435.
25. Ibid. All that is known of the somewhat obscure history of this church, which became a cell of Bermondsey, is given in the Victoria County History of Derbyshire. It consisted of a prior and two monks, and was visited with other houses of the Cluniac foundation (Visitation of Engl. Cluniac Foundations, pp. 30-43); the prior received a pension with other members of this house at the Dissolution (L. and P. Hen. VIII. xiii. (1) 821).
26. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 437.
29. Robert Prior of Bermondsey was one of the witnesses to the Convention between Stephen and Henry Fitz-Empress (Rymer's Fædera (Rec. Com.), i. pt. i. 18).
30. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 443.
33. Signs of mutual good will are abundant; the priory received confirmation of charters in 1268 when Henry III. bestowed 500 marks on the daughter of Thomas, formerly Count of Savoy, 45 marks of which sum was forthcoming from the prior of Bermondsey (Rymer's Fædera (Rec. Com.), i. pt. i. 475).
34. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 452.
35. Transcripts of Charters No. 33 gives a pancarta of the possessions of Bermondsey.
36. Inq. p.m. 5 Hen. V. No. 60 (a).
37. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 460.
38. Close, 1 Edw. I. m. 11d. The abbot, who had caused himself to be essoined for being in sick bed against John, then prior of Bermondsey before the Justices of the Bench in the suit between John and the abbot by the late king's writ, sought licence to rise, which was granted because the late king died before the abbot was seen according to custom, and also because John had become prior of Wenlock and another had been set in his place as prior, who early in the following year obtained a licence to cross the seas until Michaelmas, and nominated Ralph de Derby a monk of Bermondsey, and William Godyn to act as his proctors in all pleas (Close, I Edw. I. m. 11d and 9d).
39. Close, 3 Edw. I. m. 24d; and Pat. 4 Edw. I. m. 9.
40. R. of Parl. i. 54-8, 171.
41. Ibid. 116. Other disputes, mainly relating to tithes, can be briefly enumerated. In 1146 between Prior Clarembald and the Bishop of Worcester respecting tithes in Lytelhoo by Charlton (Ann. Mon. [Rolls Ser.], iii. 438). With the Abbot of Bec in 1227 for tithes in Dorset (ibid. 456). Two years later it was arranged by the mediation of Pope Gregory that the priory of Bermondsey should retain the tithes of Lewisham, paying annually to the abbey of Ghent 2 candles of 1½ lb. (ibid. 457). In 1224 by a composition between the priors of Bermondsey and Merton the tithes in Carshalton were let to the priory of Merton in perpetuity for the annual sum of 20s., to be paid on the morrow of All Saints' with a penalty in default of payment of 60s. in subsidy to the Holy Land (ibid. 463). In 1229 with the rector of Lambeth (ibid. 457). In 1236 with the rector of Woodchester (ibid. 458). In 1240 with the abbot and convent of St. Osyth, or Chich, by Colchester respecting tithes in Oakley (ibid. 459). In 1241 and 1245 with the prioresses of Ankerwyke and Haliwell, or Holywell, for tithes in Greenford and East Dulwich respectively (ibid. 459). In 1252 an agreement was made with the prior and convent of Thetford respecting tithes in Ditton (ibid. 462), in 1274 with the abbot of Bayham for tithes within the parish of West Greenwich let to the abbey and convent (ibid. 465). In 1362 the priory recovered tithes in Charlton Camvyle, Somerset, in a suit against the prior of Kenilworth (ibid. 477). In 1363 John de Cobham, founder of a college of five chaplains at Cobham, and the prior of Bermondsey agreed that when the church should be vacant John and his heirs should nominate a person from the said college or from the priory of Bermondsey (ibid. 477). In 1428 an agreement was entered upon by Thomas Thetford, abbot of Bermondsey, and Nicholas Buklond, master of the hospital of St. Thomas Martyr in Southwark, respecting lands held of the abbot and convent and an ancient rent due to them (ibid. 486).
42. Pat. 31 Edw. I. m. 30d.
43. Ibid. 11 Edw. II. pt. i. 18d.
44. Ibid. pt. ii. m. 11d.
45. Pat. 12 Edw. I. m. 13d.
46. Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.), Easter, 17 Edw. I. p. 281.
47. Pat. 7 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 16d.
48. Ibid. 20 Edw. III. pt. ii, m. 15d. The tenants of Letcombe and Challow chose a more respectful method of stating their grievance. They wrote the prior that his manor of Letcombe was not being well kept, and prayed him to examine its state and apply remedies and let them know his pleasure by the bearer (Anct. Corresp. vol. 37, 51).
49. The pope confirmed the sentence and the Bishop of London and Archdeacon of Essex were ordered to enforce judgment (Papal Reg. i. 404-6).
50. This explains the frequent discrepancy between the 'Annals' and other records as to the rule of many of the priors. The brethren probably continued to regard as their head one who for a time had been recalled and suspended, while the records note ad interim appointments.
51. To quote special instances, in the year 1186 occurred the death of three priors, Constantine, Henry de Soilly, and Adam (Ann. Mon. [Rolls Ser.], iii. 446); in the year 1222 there died Geoffrey, Odilo, and Hugh, followed in the following year by the deaths of priors Odilo and Hamon (ibid. 455). In the year 1276 Henry de Monte Mauri resigned, and two of his successors died in the same year (ibid. 465), in 1290 again three priors died in quick succession, John Norman, William de la Charité, and Peter (ibid. 467); the death of two heads in one year was no uncommon occurrence.
52. The Bermondsey annalist mentions that in 1228 the hospital of St. Mary Overy, was removed to another site where it could obtain more abundant water and better air (ibid. 487).
53. Duckett, Chart. and Rec. of Abbey of Cluny, ii. 194-5.
56. Ibid. 122. Prior Henry is not given by the Annals under this date, and his may have been an ad interim appointment in the absence of Prior Gwicard.
57. When Clarembald, fifth prior in succession was elected first abbot of Feversham in 1148, twelve of the brethren were transferred from the priory to the new foundation (Ann. Mon. [Rolls Ser.], ii. 438).
58. Duckett, Chart. and Rec. of Abbey of Cluny, ii. p. 124.
59. Pat. 4 Edw. I. m. 32.
60. Duckett, Visit. of Engl. Cluniac Foundations, pp. 20-2. Again there appears an irreconcileable discrepancy between the statements in this Visitation as to the prior and his predecessors and the account given in the Annals.
61. Pat. 12 Edw. I. m. 4.
62. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 468.
63. Pat. 23 Edw. I. m. 6.
64. Ibid. 25 Edw. I. pt. i. m. 23.
65. Ibid. 2 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 7.
66. Close, 1 Edw. II. m. 12d.
67. Ibid. 3 Edw. II. m. 6.
68. Ibid. 6 Edw. II. m. 27d.
69. Pat. 6 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 13.
70. Ibid. 8 Edw. II. pt. ii. m. 19.
71. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 470.
72. In apparent contradiction to the statement of the Annalist as to the death of Peter de Sancto Laurentio in 1319, an entry occurs among the patents (1 Edw. III. pt. ii, m. 23), for protection for Peter de Sancto Laurentio, late prior of Bermondsey. See also Close, 15 Edw. II. m. 25, where it would appear that the two Peters are one and the same—Peter de Sancto Laurentio.
73. Pat. 13 Edw. II. m. 2.
74. Close. 14 Edw. II. m. 17. During this custody two petitions were presented by John de Bresvile of London and William le Tonelour for the payment of 7 marks and 100s. respectively due to them for a corrody. (R. of Parl. 14 Edw. II. 1, 372-5).
75. Close, 14 Edw. II. m. 13d. The superior was informed at the same time that the value of lands, churches, and rents demised during the time of this prior for term of life and for term of years amounted to £292, and that the money thence arising was wholly exhausted.
76. Pat. 14 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 4.
77. Close, 14 Edw. II. m. 9d.
78. Ibid. 15 Edw. II. m. 25.
79. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 470.
80. This was probably in connection with the rebellion of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. The priory of Pontefract of the Cluniac order was suspected of sympathy with this unfortunate nobleman (Duckett, Rec. Evid. of Cluny, p. 26; Rymer's Fœdera, ii. pt. ii, 726), which may have tended to darken suspicion of other houses of the same order.
81. Pat. 17 Edw. II. pt. i. m. 7. The Annals (iii. 471) state that Prior Walter died in the year 1323 and was succeeded by John de Cusancia, and this date is quoted by Manning. If the story of the claimant in 1327 were correct, it would appear that the date of his death was recorded prematurely.
82. Pat. 17 Edw. II.pt. ii. m. 19.
83. Close, 18 Edw. II. m. 37.
84. Ibid. 18 Edw. II. m. 34.
85. Pat. 1 Edw. III. pt. ii. m. 6.
86. Close, 1 Edw. III. pt. ii. m. 17d.
87. Ibid. 2 Edw. III. m. 29.
88. Pat. 6 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 18.
89. In 1331 they presented a joint petition to Parliament on the subject. Bermondsey was instanced as a priory that ought to have had from thirty to forty monks, whereas it had not a third of that number. They complained that they had no election; that they were sometimes kept as long as forty years without taking their vows, that there were not twenty professed in the whole province, and that the French monks, however few, were always masters. They asked that the prior of Lewes might be empowered to take professions (Reyner's Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, App. iii. 147). One grievance at least remained unrectified. Among the Paston Letters occurs one to the Vicar General of the abbot of Cluny, dated 1430[?] on behalf of the 'poor house of Bromholm,' wherein, the writer states, are 'divers virtuous young men' that have been there nine or ten years, and by delay of their profession many inconveniences are like to fall (The Paston Letters [ed. J. Gairdner] i. 29).
90. Pat. 11 Edw. III. pt. ii. m. 11.
91. Close, 11 Edw. III. pt. ii. m. 27; and 12 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 19.
92. Ibid. 12 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 31d.
94. Close, 13 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 4.
95. Besides the 'large sum of money' to William de Cusancia during the years 1341-2 the prior acknowledged his indebtedness for the sums of 40l., 40 marks, and 500l. (Close 13 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 17d; pt. iii. m. 24; 16 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 28). John de Cusancia was able however in 1328 to buy back a grant of a corrody and lease of premises made by Peter the late prior to Nicholas de Tunstalle, paying to the said Nicholas the sum of £40 3s. 4d. for his release of the charters. Close, 2 Edw. III. m. 29d.
96. Ibid. 14 Edw. III. pt. ii. m. 10.
97. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 474.
98. Pat. 4 Rich. II. pt. iii. m. 5. In a petition addressed by Richard Dunton to John, King of Castile (Duke of Lancaster) to enlist his support, the prior points out the charges on an alien house and the draining of its resources caused by the alienation of property in order to meet such charges. Anct. Pet. 4628.
99. Duckett, Rec. Evid. of Cluny, p. 19.
100. Duckett, Chart. and Rec. of Abbey of Cluny, i. 184.
103. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 473.
104. In the year 1206 the body of Peter, the first prior, was translated to the enlarged church, and on the following Feast of St. Barnabas the morning altar was dedicated in honour of the Blessed Virgin and All Saints (Ann. Mon. [Rolls Ser.], iii. 450).
107. In 1384 Richard II. bestowed on the priory tenements in two London parishes with annual rent of 24s. Ibid. 481.
109. Papal Letters, v. 77, 162, 349.
110. Pat. 1 Hen. IV. pt. v. m. 23.
111. Ibid. pt. vii. m. 29.
112. Reg. of Thomas Arundel, f. 399.
113. Pat. 1 Hen. IV. pt. vii. m. 11d. The order for the arrest of the ex-abbot stated that he proposed to go to foreign parts to seek for things prejudicial to the king, his crown, and the abbey of Bermondsey.
114. Ibid. 14 Rich. II. pt. i, m. 4.
116. Duckett, Chart. and Rec. of Abbey of Cluny ii. 237. Sir John Falstaff, writing to John Paston in 1455, informs him of important letters sent to 'my lord Privy Seal and the abbot of Bermondsey' (Paston Letters, i. 356).
117. R. of Parl. 14 Edw. IV. vi. 123.
118. L. and P. Hen. VIII. ii. pt. 1, 1832.
119. Ibid. iii. 2288 (3).
123. In 1554 Wharton was translated to Hereford. Taking into consideration the date of the surrender and the preferment to which the abbot was advanced, it has been thought probable that the abbot was put in by the court with a view to its surrender.
124. L. and P. Hen. VIII. xiii. pt. 1. 821.
125. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 432.
126. Towards the end of the thirteenth century forty days of indulgence were granted to those who contributed to the fabric of a church of St. Saviour, Bermondsey, or who visited it for the purpose of adoring the holy cross. Excerpts from Register of John Romane, Archbishop. of York; Harl. MS. 6970, f. 97.
127. Cott. MS. Vesp. A. xxv. f. 41.
128. L. and P. Hen. VIII. xiii. (1) 564, 580. In the Wriothesley Chronicle (1485-1549), i. 77, it is stated that the rood was taken down on 2 March by the king's command.
130. Rymer's Fœdera (Rec. Com.), iii. pt. ii. 1079.
131. Close, 6 Edw. II. m. 6d.
132. Ibid. 16 Edw. II. m. 14.
133. Inq. p.m. 21 Edw. III. No. 59.
134. Ibid. p. m. 46 Edw. III. No. 62.
135. Winton. Epis. Reg., Pontissara, ff. 109-55.
136. Gervase of Canterbury (Rolls Ser.), ii. 77.
137. Matt. of Paris (Rolls Ser.), v. 81; Chron. Job. Oxenede (Rolls Ser.), p. 180.
138. Matt. of Paris (Rolls Ser.), v. 102.
140. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 427.
144. Ibid. 435. Robert de Bellismo is given as prior of Bermondsey in the reign of Stephen by Manning. (Hist. of Surrey, i. 192). It was the use of Cluny and La Charité occasionally to appoint temporary priors during a short period of recall or suspension both at this date and in the two following centuries, which may explain discrepancies between the Annals and other records.
151. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 442, 444.
184. Ibid. and Pat. 50 Hen. III. m. 31.
185. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Series), iii. 464-5.
189. Ibid. and Pat. 7 Edw. I. m. 9.
190. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 466.
191. Ibid. and Pat. 13 Edw. I. ms. 6, 23.
192. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 467.
195. Ibid. The Annals retain Henry as prior till his death in 1300 but the Patent Rolls record other appointments, possibly the monastery continued to regard him as their true head.
196. Pat. 21 Edw. I. m. 5.
197. Ibid. 23 Edw. I. m. 6.
198. Ibid. 25 Edw. I. pt. 1, m. 23.
199. Ibid. 26 Edw. I. m. 30.
200. Ibid. 27 Edw. I. m. 42.
201. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 469; Pat. 6 Edw. II. pt. 1, m. 13.
202. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 470.
204. Ibid. and Pat. 15 Edw. II. pt. ii.
205. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser), iii. 471.
206. Ibid. and Close, 16 Edw. II. m. 3d.
207. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 471, 476. Pat. 17 Edw. II. pt. ii, m. 19.
208. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Series), iii. 476.
210. Ibid. 478 and 481.
211. Ibid. Pat. 14 Rich. II. pt. 1, m. 5. Papal Letters, v. 349.
212. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 483. Pat. 1 Hen. IV. pt. v, m. 23. Papal Letters, V. 349.
213. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 484. Pat. 1 Hen. V. pt. ii, m. 25.
214. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 487. Pat. 13 Edw. IV. pt. 1, m 13.
215. Ibid. L. and P. Hen. VIII. ii. pt. i, 1832.
216. Ibid. iv. pt 1, 1621.
218. Engraved in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata, vol. ii. pl. vi.
222. B.M. lxxii. 56, 57. Wilkinson, op. cit.
223. Engraved in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata, vol. ii. pl. vii.

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