Source: https://thirdcircuit.lexroll.com/a-s-kreider-co-v-united-states-117-f-2d-133-3rd-cir-1940/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 18:27:18+00:00

Document:
No. 7375.Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Action by the A.S. Kreider Company against the United States of America to recover an overpayment of income taxes for 1920. From a judgment for plaintiff, 30 F. Supp. 724, the defendant appeals.
Newton K. Fox, Sp. Asst. to Atty. Gen., Samuel O. Clark, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., and Sewall Key, Norman D. Keller, and Clarence E. Dawson, Sp. Assts. to the Atty. Gen. (Frederick V. Follmer, U.S. Atty., and Joseph P. Brennan, both of Scranton, Pa., of counsel), for appellant.
Donald Horne and Alexander Levene, both of New York City, and Douglass D. Storey, of Harrisburg, Pa., for appellee.
Before CLARK, JONES, and GOODRICH, Circuit Judges.
The plaintiff filed suit in the District Court against the United States to recover an overpayment of income taxes for the year 1920 which had theretofore been determined by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue but had been withheld by him from certification for refund on the ground that the taxpayer’s claim was filed belatedly.
which suit may be commenced, when the suit is against the United States and is brought in the District Court”. See 3 Cir., 97 F.2d 387, 388. As the suit had been instituted within the six-year period, the judgment was accordingly reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to the District Court “to consider and determine the merits of the controversy”.
At the ensuing trial the only defense interposed was that the plaintiff’s right to refund for the amount of the overassessment in suit was barred by Sec. 284(b) and (g) of the Revenue Act of 1926, 26 U.S.C.A. Int.Rev.Acts, pages 220, 222. The claim for refund had been the occasion of the Commissioner’s determination of the overassessment for which the plaintiff seeks recovery. The trial court, being of the opinion that the claim had been filed timely, entered judgment for the plaintiff (the amount of the unrefunded overassessment not being in dispute). Thereupon, the defendant took the present appeal.
Although the matter now here for review is the action of the court below in confirming the timeliness of the taxpayer’s claim for refund, the appellant asks us to reconsider and reverse the former decision of this court with respect to the period of limitations applicable to the institution of the suit and the question of the District Court’s jurisdiction. This, we may not justifiably do, even though we should now be inclined to disagree with the former decision. (No implication of any such disagreement on our part is intended.) The court below faithfully followed this court’s mandate, as it was bound to do. Thereby it was precluded from reconsidering the matters which the appellant seeks to reopen here. Cf. In re Sanford Fork Tool Co., 160 U.S. 247, 255, 256, 16 S.Ct. 291, 40 L.Ed. 414. See, also, Federal Communications Commission v. Pottsville Broadcasting Co., 309 U.S. 134, 60 S.Ct. 437, 84 L.Ed. 656. The former decision of this court became the law of the case and, once the law of a case is settled by an appellate court, it is settled for that tribunal as well as for the trial court, save for new or different facts. Toucey v. New York Life Insurance Co., 8 Cir., 112 F.2d 927, 928. To reverse the court below, in a wholly unchanged factual situation, for doing what this court directed should be done would, to say the least, be a positive disservice to the orderly administration of justice. A second appeal may not be used to raise questions in the same case already put at rest by the same court upon a prior appeal. Toucey v. New York Life Insurance Co., supra.
Coming, then, to the one question properly within the scope of the present appeal, we think that the court below correctly held that the claim for refund was filed in time and that the plaintiff is entitled to recover the overpayment of taxes in the amount determined by the Commissioner which still remains unrefunded.
that the total overassessment was $14,833.68 but that $13,471.18 thereof was barred by the statute of limitations. The difference represented the amount of the refund then made. The plaintiff received the check and certificate of overassessment in October 1929. On March 7, 1932, the plaintiff filed its statement of claim in the suit below to recover the unrefunded balance of the overassessment as shown by the certificate. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to recover depends upon whether or not the Commissioner was correct in his conclusion that $13,471.18 of the plaintiff’s claim for refund was barred by the statute of limitations under the pertinent Revenue Act (1926).
“(2) The amount of the credit or refund shall not exceed the portion of the tax paid during the three or four years, respectively, immediately preceding the filing of the claim, or if no claim was filed, then during the three or four years, respectively, immediately preceding the allowance of the credit or refund.
As the plaintiff’s claim for refund was actually filed on March 25, 1929, it was obviously not filed within the period which expired on April 1, 1927. However, it was filed within four years of the plaintiff’s payment on July 28, 1926, of the final portion of the tax due for the year 1920. But, the appellant contends that a claim for refund within the alternate period of four years, prescribed by subsection (g), is limited by subsection (b) (2) to such taxes as were paid within that period. Apparently, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue acted upon a like construction of the statute when he certified for refund merely the portion of the tax paid by the plaintiff within the four-year period instead of the whole of the determined overassessment of the taxes paid for the taxable year. No reasonable basis for the distinction is apparent. The appellant admits that, had the claim for refund been filed prior to April 1, 1927, a claim for the refund of the whole of the tax paid for the particular tax year could have been made. Why, then, may the overassessment not be reclaimed, without regard for the amount of the portion of the tax paid within the four-year period, when the claim is filed within four years of the payment of the final portion of the tax for the particular year?
Subsection (g) specifically provides that, where a taxpayer has duly filed the required waiver with respect to the time for the assessment of a tax, a “refund relating to the taxes for the taxable year 1920 * * * shall be * * * made if claim therefor is filed * * * within four years from the time the tax was paid. * * *” (Italics supplied.) By “the tax”, the entire tax for a particular year is meant and not merely some portion of it. The entire tax for the year is not paid until the last installment or deficiency assessment has been paid. Hills v. United States, Ct.Cl., 50 F.2d 302, 305-307, confirmed on rehearing, Ct.Cl., 55 F.2d 1001; United States v. Clarke, 3 Cir., 69 F.2d 748, 750, 94 A.L.R. 975; Union Trust Co. of Rochester v. United States, 2 Cir., 70 F.2d 629, 630. The fact that the cases last cited involved claims for the refund of estate taxes does not impair the applicability of the principle that the period of limitations with respect to suit for the recovery or claim for the refund of overassessed taxes dates from the time the last installment of such tax was paid unless the recovery or refund is expressly limited by statute to the portion of the tax paid within the limitation period. The reasoning in the Hills case at pages 305 and 306 of 50 F.2d is equally in point here.
The government’s contention that subsection (g) is limited by subsection (b)(2) to a refund only of the portion of the overassessed taxes paid within the limitation period disregards the plain direction of subsection (b) that its provisions are applicable except as provided in subsection (g), inter alia. Subsection (g) applies peculiarly to claims for credit or refund growing out of assessments of war income or excess profits taxes under the Revenue Acts from 1917 to 1921, inclusive, with respect to which a waiver of the time for assessment has been filed. The scope and intendment of subsection (g) are separate and distinct from claims for credit or refund such as are dealt with in subsection (b). No plausible reason is advanced why a claim for refund for 1920 taxes under subsection (g) may be larger if filed on or before April 1, 1927, than if filed after that date but within the equally permissible period of four years from the time the tax was paid. To reach such a conclusion would require that one of two coordinate clauses be treated as superior to the other. The suggestion derives entirely from the appellant’s use in argument of a wholly unrelated provision of the statute.
We conclude that the plaintiff’s claim for refund was timely, having been filed within four years of the final payment on account of the tax liability for the year in question. Consequently, the Commissioner was in error in refusing to certify for refund the total determined overassessment. His action, based as it was on an invalid reason, did not amount to a disallowance of the claim. The two-year limitation which runs from the time of the disallowance of the claim is therefore not pertinent. The plaintiff’s right of action arose from the certificate of overassessment and the suit, which was instituted within six years from the date of payment of the tax, was timely. Bonwit Teller Co. v. United States, 283 U.S. 258, 263-265, 51 S.Ct. 395, 75 L.Ed. 1018. The suit was for the recovery of a tax erroneously assessed and collected, as the Commissioner had formally determined. The Collectors to whom the tax had been paid were no longer in office. The District Court therefore had jurisdiction. United States v. Bertelsen Petersen Engineering Co., 306 U.S. 276, 281, 59 S.Ct. 541, 83 L.Ed. 647.

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