Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/264/314/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 02:16:31+00:00

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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 264 › Keller v. Adams-Campbell Co., Inc.
Keller v. Adams-Campbell Company, Inc.
1. An ordinary patent case, with the usual issues of invention, breadth of claims, and infringement, will not be brought here by certiorari unless it be necessary to reconcile decisions of the circuit courts of appeals on the same patent. P. 264 U. S. 319.
dismissed when it is found that the case was really disposed of by the lower courts upon the ground of noninfringement. Id.
Writ of certiorari to review 287 F. 838 dismissed.
Certiorari to a judgment of the circuit court of appeals affirming a decree of the district court dismissing a bill to enjoin infringement of a patent.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT, delivered the opinion of the Court.
This was a suit to enjoin the infringement of a patent for an improvement in auxiliary windshields for automobiles. It was brought on a reissued patent. The reissue was granted on the ground that the original patent was inoperative to protect the real invention, due to defective and insufficient and too narrow claims, all of which arose through inadvertence and mistake due to misunderstanding between the inventor and his solicitor. The defect in his claims was alleged to have been called to his attention April 1, 1919, his application for reissue was filed May 22, 1919, 6 months and 10 days after the granting of the original patent, and the patent for reissue was granted July 20, 1920.
Company, and that, firm in August of 1919, made a contract with Kipper to go into the business of making and selling his product.
The suit for infringement was begun July 1, 1921. All the usual defenses were set up, including lack of invention, the invalidity of the reissue, and noninfringement. There was only one expert witness produced by the plaintiff as to the originality and utility of the invention and the infringement by the respondent's device. His evidence was presented in an affidavit, but he was tendered for cross-examination, which the defendants below declined to pursue. No expert evidence was offered by defendants, though they introduced a number of patents to show the state of the art.
device, these clamps are brought nearer to the center of the shield member, because they are held by perforations in the glass, and do not need to reach over to the ends.
The district court dismissed the bill, and the circuit court of appeals affirmed this decree. We granted certiorari upon the allegation of the petition, not denied by opposing counsel, that the sole question was whether one who makes and sells articles not covered by the claims of an original patent, but embraced by the enlarged claims of a subsequent valid reissue, applied for within 7 months after the original was granted, has intervening rights such that he is not only immune from liability for what he has made and sold, but enjoys an irrevocable and permanent license to continue to make and sell without restriction.
beyond the date of the reissue. It is insisted, however, that the Fitch case was not one of an enlarged claim, or at any rate that a reissue was unnecessary because the original claim would have sufficed. The views of the circuit court of appeals on the general subject of the scope of intervening rights are not entirely easy to reconcile. Crown Cork & Seal Co. v. Aluminum Stopper Company, 108 F. 845; General Electric Co. v. Railway Company, 178 F. 84; A.D. Howe Mach. Co. v. Coffield Motor Washer Co., 197 F. 541; Autopiano Co. v. American Player Action Company, 222 F. 276; American Automotoneer Co. v. Porter, 232 F. 456. The question, if it were really before us, would be one sufficiently important therefore to justify our consideration of it on certiorari.
Both the district court and the circuit court of appeals, in their final disposition of the case, gave color of support to the claim of the petitioner that the question of intervening rights was in this case.
"Without further discussion, I think the defendants occupy the position of one who has intervening rights, and under those circumstances, I think the plaintiffs are not entitled to a reissue of the patent as against the defendants."
So the circuit court of appeals, after reciting the evidence showing that the defendants had made the shields in question and built the machinery for future manufacture before the patentee applied for reissue, and after being advised by counsel that they would not infringe the original patent, said: "We therefore think it clear that the appellees had and have such intervening rights as were properly protected by the court below."
"The defendants' bracket is an invention. It is a surprise to me that that which the defendants did could be done. The bracket will fit any glass. It is shorter, and does not obstruct the view. . . . The defendants' bracket is not an equivalent of the bracket in plaintiffs' original patent, because it does not perform the same functions in the same way, but it performs the function of holding the glass in an entirely different way."
"That there is nothing of a pioneer nature in Keller's device is abundantly shown by the numerous exhibits appearing in the record of windshields and deflectors, of one kind or another, attached to automobiles long before Keller entered the field. Both his drawings and specifications show that his shield is attached to the machine by brackets that run up and down the glass, holding it at the top and bottom, whereas the appellee's device holds the glass by means of a fixture attached to the face of the glass, and which does not extend to either of its ends."
"That, for one device to be the equivalent of another it is essential that the former must perform the same function of the latter in substantially the same way, is thoroughly settled law."
These passages, read in connection with the original and reissued patents and the alleged infringement, show that what the courts really held was that the defendants were manufacturing a different invention from that of the plaintiffs, and so could not and did not infringe. Such an ordinary patent case, with the usual issues of invention, breadth of claims, and noninfringement, this Court will not bring here by certiorari unless it be necessary to reconcile decisions of Circuit Courts of Appeal on the same patent. We therefore find ourselves mistaken in assuming that an important issue of general patent law, under § 4916, Rev.Stats., is here involved.
The result is that an order must be entered dismissing the writ of certiorari as improvidently granted at the costs of the petitioner. Layne & Bowler Corp. v. Western Well Works, Inc., 261 U. S. 387; Furness, Withy & Co. v. Yang-Tsze Insurance Association, 242 U. S. 430; United States v. Rimer, 220 U. S. 547.

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