Source: https://www.legalcrystal.com/case/88363/new-york-n-h-h-r-co-vs-york
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 05:18:46+00:00

Document:
Appellant New York, N.H. and H. R. Co.
The statutes of New York regulating the heating of steam passenger cars and directing guards and guardposts to be placed on railroad bridges and trestles and the approaches thereto (Laws of 1887, c. 616, Laws of 1888, c. 189) were passed in the exercise of powers resting in the state in the absence of action by Congress, and when applied to interstate commerce do not violate the Constitution of the United States.
"§ 1. It shall not be lawful for any steam railroad doing business in this state, after the first day of May, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, to heat its passenger cars, on other than mixed trains, by any stove or furnace kept inside of the car or suspended therefrom except it may be lawful, in case of accident or other emergency, to temporarily use such stove or furnace with necessary fuel. Provided that in cars which have been equipped with apparatus to heat by steam, hot water or hot air from the locomotive, or from a special car, the present stove may be retained, to be used only when the car is standing still. And provided also that this act shall not apply to railroads less than fifty miles in length, nor to the use of stoves, of a pattern and kind to be approved by the railroad commissioners, for cooking purposes in dining cars."
"§ 2. After November first, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, guardposts shall be placed in the prolongation of the line of bridge trusses so that, in case of derailment, the posts and not the bridge trusses shall receive the blow of the derailed locomotive or car."
"§ 3. Any person or corporation violating any of the provisions of this act shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars, and to the further penalty of hundred dollars for each and every day during which such a violation shall continue."
"§ 5. The violation of any of the provisions of this act will be deemed a misdemeanor."
"§ 6. This act shall take effect immediately."
A subsequent statute, passed April 27, 1888, Laws of N.Y. 1889, c. 189, p. 250, so amended the first section of the act of 1887 that the heating of passenger cars, on other than mixed trains, by a stove or furnace kept inside the car or suspended therefrom did not become unlawful until after November 1, 1888. The amendatory act further provided that in special cases, the board of railroad commissioners could extend the time for a period not exceeding one year from November 1, 1888, for any steam railroad doing business in New York to heat its passenger cars by stoves or furnaces kept inside the car or suspended therefrom.
The present action was brought to recover penalties imposed for the violation of the above statutes.
The complaint filed in behalf of the people of New York charged the defendant, the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, a corporation of Connecticut, with having, in the operation of its railroad, on the second day of November, 1888, and on every subsequent day down to and including December 31, 1888, run trains of passenger cars over its route from the City of New York to Hartford and from Hartford to that city, and heated said cars, both on through trains and over that part of its road in New York on other than mixed trains, by stoves and furnaces kept within such cars, "as the regular and usual method of heating said cars, and in cases other than those of accident and other emergency," and that the Board of Railroad Commissioners of New York had not extended the time of the defendant to heat its passenger cars by any stove or furnace kept inside its cars.
There was a verdict and judgment against the railroad company for the sum of $7,000, and $479.81 costs, disbursements, and allowance -- in all, $7,479.81; that judgment having been affirmed by the Court of Appeals of New York, 142 N.Y. 646.
States, providing that Congress shall have power to regulate commerce among the several states and to make all laws necessary and proper to carry such power into execution, and also to the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, declaring that no state shall deprive any one of property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
As these questions were properly raised in the state court, there is no doubt of our jurisdiction to reexamine the final judgment against the railroad company. Rev.Stat. § 709.
mode of heating such cars. There may be reason to doubt the efficacy of regulations of that kind. But that was a matter for the state of determine. We know from the face of the statute that it has a real, substantial relation to an object as to which the state is competent to legislate -- namely, the personal security of those who are passengers on cars used within its limits. Why may not regulations to that end be made applicable, within a state, to the cars of railroad companies engaged in interstate commerce as well as to cars used wholly within such state? Persons traveling on interstate trains are as much entitled, while within a state, to the protection of that state, as those who travel on domestic trains. The statute in question is not directed against interstate commerce. Nor is it within the meaning of the Constitution a regulation of commerce, although it controls, in some degree, the conduct of those engaged in such commerce. So far as it may affect interstate commerce, it is to be regarded as legislation in aid of commerce, and enacted under the power remaining with the state to regulate the relative rights and duties of all persons and corporations within its limits. Until displaced by such national legislation as Congress may rightfully establish under its power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, the validity of the statute, so far as the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States is concerned, cannot be questioned.
regulations for the safety of passengers on interstate trains as in its judgment, all things considered, is appropriate and effective. Inconveniences of this character cannot be avoided so long as each state has plenary authority within its territorial limits to provide for the safety of the public according to its own views of necessity and public policy and so long as Congress deems it wise not to establish regulations on the subject that would displace any inconsistent regulations of the states covering the same ground.
"that every railroad company in the United States whose road is operated by steam, its successors and assigns, be and is hereby authorized to carry upon and over its road, boats, bridges and ferries all passengers, troops, government supplies, mails, freight, and property on their way from any state to another state, and to receive compensation therefor and to connect with roads of other states so as to form continuous lines for the transportation of the same to the place of destination."
We fail to perceive that this statute has any bearing upon the question now before the Court. The authority conferred by it upon railroad companies engaged in commerce among the states, whatever may be the extent of such authority, does not interfere in any degree with the passage by the states of laws having for their object the personal security of passengers while traveling, within their respective limits, from one state to another on cars propelled by steam.
short, local lines. But, as suggested in argument, a road only fifty miles in length would seldom have a sleeping car attached to its trains, and passengers traveling on roads of that kind do not have the apprehension ordinarily felt by passengers on trains regularly carrying sleeping cars, or having many passenger coaches, on account of the burning of cars in case of their derailment or in case of collision. In any event, there is no such discrimination against companies having more than fifty miles of road as to justify the contention that there has been a denial to the companies named in the act of the equal protection of the laws. The statute is uniform in its operation upon all railroad companies doing business in the State of the class to which it is made applicable.
One of the assignments of error questions the validity of the statute upon the ground that it deprives the plaintiff in error of its property without due process of law. As the action against the company was instituted and conducted to a conclusion under a valid statute, the defendant being before the court, there is no reason to hold that there was any want of the due process of law required by the Fourteenth Amendment.
MR. JUSTICE GRAY did not sit in this case or take any part in its decision.
* Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 22 U. S. 203 , 22 U. S. 211 ; Willson v. Blackbird Creek Marsh Co., 2 Pet. 245; Cooley v. Philadelphia Board of Wardens, 12 How. 299, 53 U. S. 320 ; Gilman v. Philadelphia, 3 Wall. 713; Sherlock v. Alling, 93 U. S. 99 , 93 U. S. 104 ; Mobile v. Kimball, 102 U. S. 691 ; Escanaba Co. v. Chicago, 107 U. S. 678 ; Morgan v. Louisiana, 118 U. S. 455 , 118 U. S. 463 ; Huse v. Glover, 119 U. S. 543 ; Smith v. Alabama, 124 U. S. 465 ; Nashville &c.; Railway v. Alabama, 128 U. S. 96 , 128 U. S. 100 ; Western Union Telegraph Co. v. James, 162 U. S. 650 , 162 U. S. 662 ; Hennington v. Georgia, 163 U. S. 299 , 163 U. S. 317 .

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