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Timestamp: 2019-04-20 02:30:50+00:00

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Law Web: Whether it is necessary for police to obtain order from Magistrate for obtaining specimen of fingerprints of accused?
Whether it is necessary for police to obtain order from Magistrate for obtaining specimen of fingerprints of accused?
33. The above observation although clearly mentions that under Section 4 Police officer is competent to take fingerprints of the accused but to dispel as to its bona fide or to eliminate the fabrication of evidence it was eminently desirable that they were taken before or under the order of magistrate.
34. The observation cannot be read to mean that this Court held that under Section 4 Police Officer are not entitled to take fingerprints until the order is taken from the Magistrate. The observations were made that it is desirable to take the fingerprints before or under the order of the Magistrate to dispel any suspicion. Especially, the suspicions which were caused in the above case which is clear from the facts noticed in para Nos. 7 and 8. Observations of this Court in Mohd. Aman's case was in the facts of that case and cannot be read to mean that Police Officer cannot obtain fingerprints without obtaining an order from Magistrate under Section 5.
36. This Court in above case repeated and reiterated the observations of the Mohd. Aman case, which we have already discussed above.
“83. Mr. Gambhir next contends that in view of Section 5 of the Identification of Prisoners Act, it was incumbent on the police to obtain the specimn thumb-impressions of the appellant before a Magistrate, and since this was not done, the opinion rendered by the Finger Print Expert, Mr. Tankha, by using those illegally obtained specimen finger-impressions, must be ruled out of evidence.
38. The three Judge Bench clearly held that it was not necessary for the Police officer to obtain an order from a Magistrate for obtaining specimen of fingerprints. Law laid down by three-Judge Bench judgment is thus clearly applicable in the present case.
Ashok Bhushan, J.:— I have gone through the elaborate judgment prepared by Sister Justice Indu Malhotra.
2. The appellant has been convicted under Sections 302, 392 read with Section 34 of the IPC by Addl. Sessions Judge-02: South East Saket Court, New Delhi. The appeal against the conviction has also been dismissed by the Delhi High Court by judgment dated 10.12.2014. Detailed facts of the case including prosecution case and the evidence on record have been elaborately noted by Sister Justice Indu Malhotra in her judgment. Hence, I feel no necessity to repeat the same. After elaborate consideration of entire evidence on record Sister Justice Indu Malhotra has come to the conclusion that appeal should be allowed and appellant be acquitted.
“The object of this Bill is to provide legal authority for the taking of measurements, finger impressions, foot-prints and photographs of persons convicted of, or arrested in connection with, certain offences. The value of the scientific use of finger impressions and photographs as agents in the detection of crime and the identification of criminals is well known, and modern development in England and other European countries renders it unnecessary to enlarge upon the need for the proposed legislation.
6. The above objects and reasons notice that under the existing system the Police in India takes finger impressions, photographs etc. of criminals and suspected criminals, which is void of legal sanction. Thus, the above mischief was sought to be remedied by the 1920 Act. In last part of the statement of objects and reasons the purpose has been clearly mentioned i.e. “with a view to prevent such refusals in future it is considered necessary without further delay to place the taking of measurements, etc., which is a normal incident of Police work in India as elsewhere, on a regular footing”.
10. The scheme of the Act indicates that Section 3, Section 4 and Section 5 are separate and independent provisions pertaining to taking of measurements. Measurement has been defined under Section 2(a) to include finger impression and footprint impression. In the present case, it is the Police Officer, who have taken fingerprints of the appellant after he was arrested which is referable to Section 4 of the Act.
i. The Full Bench judgment of the Delhi High Court in Sapan Haldar v. State, 191 (2012) DLT 225 lays down that only when by way of rules or executive instruction the manner is prescribed to take the measurements then alone an IO under Section 4 of the 1920 Act can obtain the measurements.
ii. It would be eminently desirable as per the decision in Mohd. Aman v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 10 SCC 44 to follow the procedure ordained under Section 5 of 1920 Act.
12. Now, we proceed to examine the above reasons.
13. The Full Bench Judgment of the Delhi High Court in Sapan Haldar (supra) has been heavily relied by the High Court. The above full Bench was constituted on the subject of admissibility of samples, hand writing or signatures obtained from a person accused of having committed an offence during investigation of a crime by the IO.
14. In para 1 of the judgment while noticing the subject matter of reference, the Full Bench has also noticed an earlier Full Bench judgment in Bhupinder Singh v. State, decided on 30.09.2011.
18. It is thus clear that issue which was considered by Full Bench of the Delhi High Court in Bhupinder Singh case is the same issue which is involved in the present case. But the High Court in the impugned judgment without discussing and following the Full Bench judgment of Bhupinder Singh's case has relied on Sapan Haldar (supra).
19. Now reverting to Sapan Haldar case as noticed above, the issue was with regard to admissibility of sample handwriting or signatures obtained from a person accused of having committed an offence. The Full Bench in Sapan Haldar case noticed para 18 of the Bhupinder Singh case and in that reference proceeded to examine provisions of Sections 4 and 5 of the 1920 Act.
“26. In the decision reported Thavaraj Pandian v. State, the Division Bench of the Madras High Court noted that no Rules were framed in the State of Tamil Nadu with respect to the manner in which an investigating officer could obtain the finger prints of a person accused of an offence as contemplated by Section 4 of The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920 but noted that there were executive instructions with respect to the manner in which finger print impressions could be taken by the investigating officer and therefore opined that in said circumstance evidence relating to finger print impressions obtained by the investigating officer would be admissible in evidence; but on facts noted that the said instructions were not followed and therefore held the evidence to be inadmissible.
28. There is yet another argument which needs to be considered with respect to Section 4 of The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920. The Section empowers a police officer to take measurements of a person who has been arrested in connection with an offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards. Ex-facie, the Section would have no application where the person is suspected of having committed an offence which is punishable with death or imprisonment for life, as was held by a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court in the decision reported as ILR 1983 Bom. 1508 Nizammuddin Usman v. State of Maharashtra.
22. It is relevant to note that in para 32 Full Bench in Sapan Haldar has itself noticed that issue regarding fingerprint does not fall for the consideration in the reference. However, the Full Bench proceeded to discuss the law on fingerprints when the issue did not directly fall for consideration in the reference. We fail to see the necessity to lay down any law with regard to Sections 4 and 5 in Sapan Haldar's case when reference was with regard to admissibility of sample handwriting obtained from a person accused of having committed an offence during investigation of crime.
“16. Furthermore, the specimen fingerprints of the appellant were not taken before or under the order of a Magistrate in accordance with Section 5 of the Identification of Prisoners Act. This is another suspicious feature of the conduct of investigation. It has not been explained why this Magistrate was kept out of the picture.
25. The above judgment cannot be read as a precedent laying down that in the absence of a manner prescribed for taking of fingers impressions, the evidence is not admissible. We are of the view that observations made by Full Bench in Sapan Haldar case in para 22 are not supportable from the judgment of this Court in Mahmood v. State of U.P.
26. Now, we come to para 26 of the judgment of Sapan Haldar case where Delhi High Court notices the Madras High Court judgment in Thavaraj Pandian v. State, 2003 Cri. L.J. 2642 where Madras High court has held that no rule has been framed in the State of Tamil Nadu with respect to manner in which an IO can obtain the fingerprints of a person accused of an offence, but noted that there were executive instructions with respect to manner in which fingerprints impression could be taken. The Madras High Court has not relied on the fingerprints impressions having noted that executive instructions for taking of fingerprints were not followed. Thus, judgment of the Madras High Court was on its own facts.
27. Now, we come to another reason. In para 28 of the judgment of Sapan Haldar(supra), Full Bench of the Delhi High Court has held that Section 4 of the 1920 Act is not applicable where a person is suspected of having committed an offence which is punishable with death or imprisonment of life. Section 4 of the Act provides with regard to a person who has been arrested in connection with an offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards. What Delhi High Court seems to suggest is that Section 4 is not applicable when a person is suspected of committing an offence which is punishable with death or imprisonment of life.
28. The purpose and object of empowering Police Officer to take fingerprints in an offence punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards is; for offences of trivial nature where rigorous imprisonment is less than one year Police officer is not empowered to take fingerprints. The use of words “rigorous imprisonment for a term of one year or upwards” does not negate the punishment of life imprisonment or death.
29. The object of the Section was not to empower the Police Officer to take fingerprints in trivial offences where imprisonment is less than one year but the provision cannot be read to mean that Police Officer does not have such power if imprisonment is for life or capital punishment. The reading of Section 4 in the manner suggested by Full Bench will negate the very purpose of empowerment of Police Officer to take the fingerprints.
40. Whether the power of the Police Officer under Section 4 cannot be exercised till the State make rules under Section 8? The appellant supporting the judgment of the Delhi High Court contends that since Section 4 uses the words “allow his measurement to be taken in the prescribed manner”, unless there is a prescribed manner by the rules fingerprints cannot be taken. The power of the State given under Section 8 to frame rules is an enabling power. The word used under Section 8 is, the State Government “may”. Can it mean that till the rules are framed by the State, power under Sections 3 and 4 cannot be exercised? The power given to the Police Officer to ask a person arrested to give his measurements is a substantive power. This power is hedged by the condition that such measurement has “to be taken in the prescribed manner” if there is any prescribed manner that cannot be breached by such Police Officer. Taking of the measurements in the prescribed manner is a procedural part of the Section which does not affect the substantive power of the Police Officer to ask an accused who is under arrest to give his measurement.
41. In event, it is held that unless the rules are framed under Section 8 power under Section 4 cannot be exercised that will not be in consonance with the very purpose and object for which Section 4 has been enacted. The submission of the appellant further is that when there is no rule framed providing prescribed manner for taking fingerprints, resort to Section 5 has to be taken by IO. Section 5 is a separate power given to Magistrate. The power of the Magistrate is an additional and separate power to secure ends of justice for purpose of investigation and proceedings under Code of Criminal Procedure. It may be exercised even in a case where after arrest Police Officer has not taken fingerprints of an accused. But, it cannot be held that power under Section 4 can be exercised by the Police Officer only after obtaining an order under Section 5.
42. One more aspect needs to be looked into. Section 3 also provides for taking of measurements of convicted person. Section 3 also uses the phrase “allow the measurement and photographed be taken by Police Officer in the prescribed manner”. Now, if the phrase “prescribed manner” has to be read as existence of a rule providing for a prescribed manner of taking of evidence, in absence of rule no fingerprints can be taken under Section 3 also of a convicted person, it is relevant to note that Section 5 can also not be resorted in Section 3. Since Section 5 can only be resorted for the purposes of any investigation or proceeding under the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898. After a conviction of an accused Section 5 is inapplicable then if the interpretation placed by appellant is accepted, even for convicted persons, it would not be permissible to ask measurement unless the rules are framed.
45. The Constitution Bench also held that in absence of regulation under 58(1), the Central Board could have issued administrative circulars and there was no prohibition in regulating service conditions by administrative circulars.
46. The above view of ours find support from the judgment of this Court reported in (1986) 4 SCC 667, Surinder Singh v. Central Government. In the above case, this Court had occasion to consider the provisions of Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitation) Act, 1954. Section 8 of the Act lays down that a displaced person shall be paid compensation as determined under Section 7 “subject to the rules that may be made under this Act”. Section 40 confers power on the Central Government to frame rules to carry out the purpose of the Act. Clause (j) of sub-section (2) of Section 40 provides for framing of rules laying down procedure for transfer of property out of the compensation pool and the manner of realisation of the sale proceeds. The Central Government had not framed rules regulating the disposal by sale or otherwise of urban agricultural land forming part of the compensation pool.
47. The authority constituted under the Act disposed of urban agricultural property by auction sale. The High Court had held that disposal of property forming part of the compensation pool was “subject” to the rules framed as contemplated by Sections 8 and 40 of the Act and since no rules had been framed by the Central Government with regard to the disposal of the urban agricultural property forming part of the compensation pool, the authority constituted under the Act had no jurisdiction to dispose of urban agricultural property by auction-sale.
50. What has been laid down above is fully attracted in the facts of the present case. Non-framing of any rules under Section 8 by the State Government does not prohibit the exercise of powers given under Sections 3 and 4 of the Act. Exercise of power under Sections 3 and 4 is hedged by conditions as prescribed but in a case where no rules have been framed, the authorities as empowered under Sections 3 and 4 are not denuded of their powers to act under Sections 3 and 4. In a case, the interpretation put by the learned counsel for the appellant that in absence of rules framed under Section 8, no power can be exercised under Sections 3 and 4 is accepted, the provisions of Sections 3 and 4 shall become dead letter, which has never been the intention of the legislature in enacting the 1920 Act.
51. It is relevant to note that the Delhi High Court in para 23 of the impugned judgment has discarded the chance evidence of palm impression by observing “no rules having been framed in Delhi and procedure as prescribed in Section 5 of Identification of Prisoners and having not been followed, we would thus discard the evidences of palm impressions”. Whether there were any executive instructions regarding taking of fingerprints in State of Delhi or not is an issue on which there is no clear materials. It is not the case of the appellant before any Court that fingerprints were taken in disregard of any executive instructions applicable in the State of Delhi.
53. In view of the foregoing discussion we are of the opinion that view of the Delhi High Court that evidence of fingerprints of the accused has to be discarded cannot be supported for the reasons given in the impugned judgment of the Delhi High Court.
55. Thus, even if, above evidence is not discardable the entire chain of circumstances is not complete to unmistakeably point out the guilt to the appellant.
56. In result, the appeal is allowed. The appellant stands acquitted of the charges under Sections 302, 392 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The appellant is directed to be released forthwith, if not required in any other case.
Indu Malhotra, J.:— The present Criminal Appeal has been filed by the Appellant-Accused No. 2 against the judgment and order dated 10th December 2014 passed by the Delhi High Court in Criminal Appeal No. 1300 of 2014. The appellant, along with Accused Nos. 1 and 3, were convicted for offences punishable under Sections 302, 392 read with Section 34 of the IPC by the Sessions Court. The High Court affirmed the sentence awarded to Accused Nos. 1 and 2. The present appeal has been preferred by the Appellant-Accused No. 2. Accused No. 1 has apparently not challenged the judgment of the High Court, and is serving the sentence awarded.
1.1 The prosecution case is that on 20th October 2009, the PCR received information at 11:45 a.m. from some secret informer stating that House No. C-190, Kinner Wali Building, Shaheen Bagh, New Delhi, was locked and there was something wrong inside. The police opened the main gate with the help of a key maker. On entering the main gate, dried blood was found on the floor, and on the right side a Maruti car bearing No. 800 DL-6CA-3414 was found parked with all four tyres deflated. On the left-hand side, inside the bathroom, the dead body of Meena Kinner, aged 30 years, was found with injury marks on the neck and right arm. On the first floor, the dead body of one Vimlesh Kinner, aged 45 years, was found on the double bed. The body of Vimlesh had injury marks on the neck, chest, arm, toe, index finger etc. Articles were found scattered in the house. Both the deceased were persons of the third gender.
1.3 The Investigating Officer (“I.O.”) - Inspector Amrit Raj (PW-32A), got the FIR registered on the statement of Khalil Ahmed (Accused No. 3) who introduced himself as being in the relationship akin to that of a husband and wife with the deceased Vimlesh.
Sub-Inspector Naresh Kumar Sharma (PW-8), In-charge of the Fingerprint Bureau, Crime Branch, Kamla Market visited the spot, and picked up six chance prints.
1.4 On 3rd November 2009, at about 8:30 pm on the basis of secret information, the police apprehended Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) who was the driver of the deceased Vimlesh. Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) allegedly disclosed that Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) a taxi-driver, Khalil Ahmed (Accused No. 3), and “N” (Juvenile) were also involved in the conspiracy with him. As per the prosecution case, Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) at the time of being apprehended, was allegedly found to be carrying a black bag on his shoulder containing 15 items of golden jewellery, 2 pairs of payjeb, 6 silver coins, Rs. 2,00,000/- in cash, one wrist watch of ICICI make, and two photographs of the deceased Vimlesh.
1.7 Khalil Ahmed (Accused No. 3) then led to the arrest of “N” (Juvenile) on 4thNovember 2009. “N” (Juvenile) was sleeping on the floor with a bag under his pillow. On searching the bag, some jewellery items, 1 Nokia 6600 mobile phone and Rs. 32,000/- in cash were allegedly recovered.
1.8 On 7th November 2009, Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) and Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) led the police to Village Bhind, District Morena for the recovery of a Maruti van belonging to Vimlesh. The Maruti van with the broken number plate had already been seized by ASI Udai Bhan Singh Parmar (PW-23) on 1stNovember 2009 from Gate No. 2 of the Punj Llyod Factory at Noorabad. It was handed over to the I.O. - SI Amrit Raj (PW-32A) on 8th November 2009. The Maruti van along with the articles in it were seized by the I.O. - SI Amrit Raj (PW-32A). A broken number plate was allegedly recovered by the police near Gate No. 2 of the Punj Llyod Factory at Noorabad at the instance of Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) and Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2).
1.9 On 12th November 2009, Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) led the police to the garage of Quarter No. 86, Type-II, Jal Vihar and brought out a polythene bag after digging the earth. The said polythene bag allegedly contained Rs. 40,000/- in cash and 2 golden chains.
1.13 That since “N” was a juvenile, he was proceeded separately by the Juvenile Justice Board.
2.1 The Trial Court held that most of the injuries were stab wounds/laceration/incised wounds. Apart from this, it was found that the articles in the house of the deceased were found scattered, which made it clear that the victims were killed because of robbery. The Trial Court notes that none of the accused claimed the jewellery items/cash allegedly recovered from their possession as belonging to the them. The accused submitted that they had been falsely implicated in the case.
The Trial Court records that it is true that no person from the public was joined at the time of recovery. The recoveries were allegedly made only in the presence of police officers i.e. PW-21, PW-25, PW-31, PW-34 and PW-36.
2.2 With respect to the present appellant, it is alleged that a blood-stained shirt, and one blood-stained “churra” were recovered from a plastic bucket lying under a dining table of his room in the house of Teja Chaudhary. As per the Scientific Officer, articles seized from the house of the victim, and the shirts of the accused, had the same blood group “B”. It is further alleged that out of the six chance prints marked Q1-Q6, Q5 was identical with the left palm impression of the present appellant.
3.1 The High Court has recorded, in paragraph 16 of the Judgment, that none of the jewellery items were subjected to a Test Identification Parade during the investigation. Even in the dock, no witness identified that the jewellery recovered at the instance of the three accused belonged to the deceased. Further, in paragraph 18 of the Judgment, the High Court holds that the prosecution had not proved that the jewellery recovered from the appellant belonged to the deceased. Hence, the recovery of jewellery articles cannot be held to be connected with the offence.
3.3 The High Court dismissed the appeals filed by Sultan @ Rajesh and Sonvir @ Somvir and affirmed the judgment of the Trial Court on the ground that the prosecution had proved the recovery of blood-stained shirts at their instance, which were found to be blood-stained with the “blood group” of the deceased i.e. “B” group, unaccounted jewellery and cash, recovery of the Maruti van, a piece of broken number plate of the said van.
4. Aggrieved by the judgment of the High Court, Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) has filed the present SLP, which was re-numbered as Criminal Appeal No. 958 of 2017.
5. Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) has apparently not challenged the judgment of the High Court, and is undergoing the sentence awarded.
7. The legal evidence adduced by the prosecution is dealt with seriatim, to determine whether the prosecution has proved the case for offences punishable under Sections 302, 392 read with Section 34 of the IPC against the present Appellant beyond reasonable doubt.
As per the prosecution case, 15 items of golden jewellery, 2 items of silver, 6 silver coins and Rs. 50,000/- in cash were allegedly recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) at the time of his arrest on 3rd November 2009, which was 16-17 days after the date of the occurrence of the offence. The said jewellery and cash belonged to the deceased Vimlesh. Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) did not claim that the jewellery and cash belonged to him, and failed to give an explanation in his statement recorded under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C., as to how he was in possession of such a large amount of jewellery and cash.
Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) in his statement recorded under Section 313 of the Cr.P.C. stated that the recovery was planted, and that he had been falsely implicated.
The prosecution alleged that 16-17 days after the date of occurrence of the offence, when each of the accused was apprehended, each of them was found holding bags of jewellery. This seems improbable and unnatural. In the case of Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2), he was apprehended from his room in the house of one Teja Chaudhary.
The brother of deceased - Vimlesh, one Mohd. Ayub (PW-4) has denied the suggestion of the learned APP that he was shown the jewellery recovered from the possession of the accused persons, or that he identified the jewellery articles to be belonging to Vimlesh. The jewellery articles were not identified to be of the deceased. In these circumstances, the alleged recovery of jewellery and cash from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) could not be taken as a piece of incriminating evidence.
As per the prosecution, a blood-stained knife was also recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2), at the time of his arrest. As per the FSL report (Ex. PW-33/A), while the knife was found to be stained with human blood, no blood grouping could be given. The High Court, in paragraph 19 of its judgment, found that in the absence of any witness identifying the weapon of offence used in the commission of crime, or the opinion of the post-mortem doctors that the injury was possible by the said knife, or the FSL report regarding the blood of the deceased being found on the said knife, the knife cannot be said to be connected with the offence. On the basis of the above finding, the High Court concluded that the recovery of the knife at the instance of Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) cannot be used as a piece of incriminating evidence against him.
As a consequence, the weapon of offence allegedly recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) and used in the commission of the crime, cannot be taken as a piece of incriminating evidence against him.
As per the prosecution, a blood-stained shirt was recovered at the instance of Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) from his room in the house of Teja Chaudhary, at the time of his arrest. The blood-stained shirt was sent for analysis to the FSL. As per the FSL report (Ex. PW-33/A), the shirt allegedly recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) was found to be stained with human blood of “B” group, which was the same “blood group” as that of the deceased.
In paragraph 20, the High Court held the recovery of the blood-stained shirt from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) to be incriminating against him, since the blood samples taken from the bed-sheet at the scene of crime, were also found to be of the same blood group.
It is relevant to note that as per the FSL report (Ex. PW-33/A), both the bloodstained shirt allegedly recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) and the blood samples taken from the bedsheet at the scene of crime were found to be stained with human blood of “B” group.
The mere matching of the blood-group of the blood samples taken from the bed-sheet at the scene of crime, and the blood-stained shirt recovered from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) cannot lead to the conclusion that the appellant had been involved in the commission of the crime.
On this issue, reliance can be placed on two decisions of this Court in Prakashv. State of Karnataka [(2014) 12 SCC 133; paragraphs 41 and 45] and Debapriya Palv. State of West Bengal [(2017) 11 SCC 31; paragraph 8] wherein this Court while deciding cases based on circumstantial evidence had held that mere matching of the blood group cannot lead to the conclusion of the culpability of the accused, in the absence of a detailed serological comparison, since millions of people would have the same blood group.
In the present case, the prosecution has not proved that the room from where the blood-stained knife and blood-stained shirt were allegedly recovered, was in the exclusive possession of the appellant. The prosecution case is that the said room was in the house owned by one Teja Chaudhary. The prosection did not examine the said Teja Chaudhary to prove that the said room was rented to Sonvir @ Somvir and/or was in the exclusive custody of the appellant.
Therefore, the recovery of the blood-stained shirt from Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) cannot be used as an incriminating piece of evidence.
The prosecution alleged that both Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) and Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) disclosed that they had abandoned the Maruti van belonging to Vimlesh 20 kilometers from Gwalior. They were taken to Morena by the I.O. - SI Amrit Raj (PW-32A), on 8th November 2009. The Maruti van with a broken number plate had, however, already been seized by ASI Udai Bhan Singh Parmar (PW-23) as unclaimed on 1st November 2009.
Further, both these accused allegedly led the police party near Gate No. 2 of the Punj Lloyd Factory at Noorabad from where the Maruti van had already been recovered, and got recovered the broken number plate bearing number “86”. The recovery of the Maruti Van and the broken number plate was held to be a piece of incriminating evidence against Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1) and Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) by the Trial Court.
SI Abhisek Singh (PW-30) had stated in his cross-examination that no public person/independent witness was present at the time of the alleged recovery. It is important to note that while ASI Udai Bhan Singh Parmar (PW-23) stated that the broken number plate was allegedly recovered from the garbage dump, SI Abhishek Singh (PW-30) and Inspector Amrit Raj (PW-32A) stated that it was allegedly recovered from the bushes. The absence of any independent witness of the alleged recoveries, and the discrepancy in the statements of the police officers, makes the prosecution case doubtful.
The prosecution relied upon the report tendered by the Senior Finger Print Expert of the Fingerprint Bureau, RN Rawat (PW-35), to state that the finger impressions obtained from Sonvir @ Somvir matched with the chance prints obtained from the scene of crime.
The Trial Court and the High Court considered the six chance prints lifted from the first floor of the house by SI Naresh Kumar Sharma (PW-8), In-charge of the Finger Prints Bureau, Crime Branch. Chance prints Q1 to Q3 were lifted from the iron box on the first floor, Q4 from the showcase glass, and Q5 and Q6 from the iron safe. The Senior Finger Prints Expert of the Fingerprint Bureau, RN Rawat (PW-35), vide his reports (Ex. PW-35/A and Ex. PW-35/B), opined that the chance print marked Q1 was identical to the specimen right palm impression of Sultan @ Rajesh (Accused No. 1), while chance print marked Q5 was identical to the specimen left palm impression of Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2).
The specimen chance prints of both these accused viz. Rajesh @ Sultan (Accused No. 1) and Sonvir @ Somvir (Appellant-Accused No. 2) were taken by the I.O. - SI Amrit Raj (PW-32A), without obtaining any order of a Magistrate whilst the accused were in police custody.
This leads to the issue as to whether the report of the Forensic Expert is admissible in evidence, in light of the provisions of the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920 (“the Act”) since no rules have been framed prescribed by the Government of NCT of Delhi.
This issue is being dealt with in the separate Judgment by Justice Ashok Bhushan.
8. In the aforesaid facts and circumstances, the prosecution has failed to make out the complete chain of circumstances to establish the guilt of the appellant beyond reasonable doubt. As a result, the present appeal is allowed, and the judgment and order passed by the High Court dated 10.12.2014 in Criminal Appeal no. 1300 of 2014 is set aside. The appellant is acquitted of the charges under Sections 302, 392 read with Section 34 of the I.P.C. 1860.

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