Source: https://openjurist.org/299/us/105
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 22:47:41+00:00

Document:
Mr. Benjamin Reass, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Wm. D. Whitney, of New York City, for respondent.
The question in this case is whether there is jurisdiction in the Circuit Court of Appeals to review upon appeal an order fining a judgment debtor for contempt in refusing to submit to an examination in proceedings supplementary to judgment.
A proceeding for the examination of a debtor as a supplement to judgment or execution is a summary substitute for a suit in equity by a creditor for the discovery of assets. In re Boyd, 105 U.S. 647, 651-653, 26 L.Ed. 1200; Leroy v. Rogers, 3 Paige (N.Y.) 234; Hadden v. Spader, 20 Johns. (N.Y.) 554, 565; Scoville v. Shed, 36 Hun (N.Y.) 165, 167. It continues 'until closed or discontinued by consent or discontinued, dismissed or closed by order of the court.' New York Civil Practice Act, § 802, subd. 1, as added by Laws 1935, c. 630; Steinman v. Conlon, 208 N.Y. 198, 101 N.E. 863; Hand v. Ortschreib Building Corporation, 254 N.Y. 15, 171 N.E. 889. It 'shall be deemed closed two years from the service of the order, subpoena or warrant' initiating it, unless extended by order for a definite period. Section 802, subd. 1. It may be closed within that time upon a showing by the debtor of unreasonable delay. Section 802, subd. 3. The relief appropriate to the proceeding includes the appointment of a receiver, or a decree for the payment of money or the delivery of property. Steinman v. Conlon, supra, 208 N.Y. 198, at page 202, 101 N.E. 863. The imposition of a fine for the refusal of the debtor to appear or answer is not a substitute for such relief or for adequate discovery. Despite the contempt or the penalties therefor, the proceeding may continue until its aim has been achieved.
The rule is settled in this Court that except in connection with an appeal from a final judgment or decree, a party to a suit may not review upon appeal an order fining or imprisoning him for the commission of a civil contempt. Doyle v. London Guarantee & Accident Co., Ltd., 204 U.S. 599, 27 S.Ct. 313, 51 L.Ed. 641; In re Christensen Engineering Co., 194 U.S. 458, 24 S.Ct. 729, 48 L.Ed. 1072; Hayes v. Fischer, 102 U.S. 121, 26 L.Ed. 95; Worden v. Searls, 121 U.S. 14, 25, 7 S.Ct. 814, 30 L.Ed. 853. The appellant in the court below, the petitioner before us here, was a party to a suit or proceeding for the discovery of assets. There is no occasion to consider how far his rights and remedies would be different if he had been a stranger to the record, a witness or an adverse claimant. Nelson v. United States, 201 U.S. 92, 115, 26 S.Ct. 358, 50 L.Ed. 673; Alexander v. United States, 201 U.S. 117, 122, 26 S.Ct. 356, 50 L.Ed. 686. Not only was he a party; he was a party to a proceeding then in its initial stages. Discovery was in abeyance, and what the final relief would be was still a subject for conjecture. This sufficiently appears from the statement already made as to the function and duration of a proceeding supplementary to judgment. Finally, the contempt charged and adjudicated was not criminal, but civil; reparation to an obstructed creditor, not vindication of the public justice, was the purpose of the fine, and of the fine in all its parts. Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Co., 221 U.S. 418, 441, 31 S.Ct. 492, 55 L.Ed. 797, 34 L.R.A.(N.S.) 874; Doyle v. London Guarantee & Accident Co., supra, 204 U.S. 599, at page 606, 27 S.Ct. 313, 51 L.Ed. 641; Lamb v. Cramer, 285 U.S. 217, 220, 52 S.Ct. 315, 316, 76 L.Ed. 715; In re Guzzardi (C.C.A.) 74 F.(2d) 671, 672. If this could otherwise be doubtful, it is made clear beyond cavil by the recitals of the order.
Petitioner does not question the compensatory or civil quality of so much of the fine as may be avoided at any time by obeying the subpoena. He takes the ground, however, that the fine of $10,000 which was imposed unconditionally, is in excess of any damage suffered by force of the contempt (cf. 28 U.S.C. § 387 (28 U.S.C.A. § 387)), and from this he moves to the conclusion that the penalty was inflicted as retribution for a crime. But the conclusion does not follow though the premise be accepted. The court may have erred in its assessment of the costs required for reparation. As to that we do not intimate an opinion either one way or the other. What is very plain is the fact that the assessment was made in a genuine endeavor to reimburse a harassed creditor for the damages occasioned by obstruction and delay. Errors, if there were any, did not split the controversy into parts, one civil and one criminal. Cf. Collins v. Miller, 252 U.S. 364, 370, 40 S.Ct. 347, 349, 64 L.Ed. 616. It retained from first to last its unitary quality. In levying the fine, the court was not acting sua sponte, or at the instance of the government through a prosecuting officer. Gompers v. Buck's Stove & Range Co., supra; Lamb v. Cramer, supra; Union Tool Co. v. Wilson, 259 U.S. 107, 112, 42 S.Ct. 427, 429, 66 L.Ed. 848; Michaelson v. United States, 266 U.S. 42, 64, 45 S.Ct. 18, 19, 69 L.Ed. 162, 35 A.L.R. 451; Leman v. Krentler-Arnold Hinge Last Co., 284 U.S. 448, 452, 52 S.Ct. 238, 240, 76 L.Ed. 389. It lent a helping hand to a suppliant for aid.
The order is not final and there is no error in the ruling that it is not subject to appeal.

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