Source: http://jmoe.org/index.php/jmoe/article/view/277
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 11:46:06+00:00

Document:
Recent studies proved that certain electronic active circuits are capable to exhibit simultaneously a negative group delay (NGD) and amplification in microwave frequency bands. One of the simplest topologies generating this counterintuitive NGD function effect is formed by a series RLC-network in cascade with a transistor. By using this cell, similar to the classical electronic functions, dual-band NGD microwave devices with loss compensation possibility can be designed. Theoretic demonstrations concerning the theory of the NGD circuit considered are presented. The dual-band NGD concept feasibility is concretely illustrated by an example of EM/circuit co-simulations. So, in frequency domain, dual-band NGD with minimal values of about -1 ns was observed simultaneously within two frequency bands centered at about 1.05 GHz and 2.05 GHz. To highlight the functioning of the hybrid device considered, time-domain analysis showing the RF/microwave signal advancement is performed. As application, the concept investigated can be envisaged for data synchronization in multi-channel wireless communication systems eventually degraded by undesired EMI effects.
R. Mumford, "European carriers face capacity crunch challenges,`` Int. Report, Microwave J., pp. 169-170, Apr. 2010.
S. Pal, and R. Cheung, "Two-arm archimedean spiral helical antenna with wraparound,`` Microwave Journal, pp. 194- 204, Apr. 2010.
A. Lazaro, D. Girbau, and R. Villarino, "Effects of interferences in UHF RFID systems,`` Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, pp. 425-443, 2009.
M.A. Antoniades and G.V. Eleftheriades, "A multiband monopole antenna with an embedded reactance-cancelling transmission-line matching network,`` IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, pp. 1107-11010, 2010.
G. V. Eleftheriades, correction to "A generalized negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterial for dual-band and quad-band applications,`` IEEE Microwave and Wireless Letters, Vol. 20, No 2, pp. 130, Feb. 2010.
O. F. Siddiqui, A. S. Mohra and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Quad-band power divider based on left-handed transmission lines,`` IET Electronics Letters, Vol. 46, No. 21, pp. 1441-1442, 2010.
L. Markley and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Quad-band negative-refractive-index transmission-line unit cell with reduced group delay,`` IET Electronics Letters, Vol. 46, No 17, pp. 1206-1208, 19 Aug. 2010.
G. V. Eleftheriades, "Design of generalised negative-refractive-index transmission lines for quad-band applications,`` IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, (Special Issue of Metamaterials), Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 977-981, Aug. 2010.
C. Sabah, "Novel, dual band, single and double negative metamaterials: Nonconcentric delta loop resonators,`` Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 25, 225-239, 2010.
H. Choi, S. Shim, Y. Jeong, J. Lim, C. D. Kim, S.-Y. Eom, and Y.-B. Jung, "2.14/3.5 GHz novel dual-band negative group delay circuit design based on composite right/left handed transmission line,`` In Proc. of 2010 European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Paris, France, 28-30 Sep. 2010, pp. 441-444.
H. Choi, Y. Jeong, J. Lim, S.-Y. Eom, and Y.-B. Jung, "A novel design for a dual-band negative group delay circuit,`` IEEE Microwave and Wireless Letters, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 19-21, Jan. 2011.
K. Y. Cheung, S. Y. Zheng, W. S. Chan, and K. F. Man, "Dual-band hybrid coupler with extended bandwidth,`` Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 2095-2098, Sep. 2010.
Z. Abate, "WiMAX RF systems engineering,`` Mobile communication series, Artech House 2009, Norwood, MA, USA.
S.-S. Myoung, B.-S. Kwon, Y.-H. Kim and J.-G. Yook, "Effect of group delay in RF BPF on impulse radio systems,`` IEICE Tran. Communications, Vol. 90, No. 12, pp. 3514-3522, 2007.
C. D. Broomfield, and J .K. A. Everard, "Broadband negative group delay networks for compensation of oscillators, filters and communication systems,`` Electron. Lett., Vol. 23, pp. 1931-1933, Nov. 2000.
H., Noto, K., Yamauchi, M., Nakayama, and Y. Isota, "Negative group delay circuit for feed-forward amplifier,`` IEEE Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., pp. 1103-1106, Jun. 2007.
K.-P. Ahn, R. Ishikawa, and K. Honjo, "Group delay equalized UWB InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC amplifier using negative group delay circuits,`` IEEE Tran. MTT, Vol. 57, No. 9, pp. 2139- 2147, Sep. 2009.
B. Ravelo, M. Le Roy, and A. Perennec, "Application of negative group delay active circuits to the design of broadband and constant phase shifters,`` Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 3077-3080, Dec. 2008.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec and M. Le Roy, "Study and application of microwave active circuits with negative group delay,`` Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies Modern UWB Antennas and Equipment, Chap. 21, INTECH Book, Ed. By I. Minin, pp. 415-439, Mar. 2010.
S. Keser, and M. Mojahedi, "Broadband negative group delay microstrip phase shifter design,`` in Proc. of IEEE Ant. Prop. Soc. Int. Symp. 2009 (APSURSI'09), 1-5 June 2009.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec and M. Le Roy, "Broadband balun using active negative group delay circuit,`` in Proc. of 37th EuMC, Munich, Germany, pp. 466-469, Oct. 2007.
K.-P. Ahn, R. Ishikawa, and K. Honjo, "UWB active balun design with small group delay variation and improved return loss,`` IEICE Trans. on Electronics, 2011, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 905-908.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec and M. Le Roy, "Experimental validation of the RC-interconnect effect equalization with negative group delay active circuit in planar hybrid technology``, in Proc. of 13th IEEE Workshop SPI, Strasbourg, France, May 2009.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec and M. Le Roy, "New technique of inter-chip interconnect effects equalization with negative group delay active circuits,`` VLSI, Chap. 20, INTECH Book, Ed. by Z. Wang, pp. 409-434, Feb. 2010.
S. K. Podilchak, B. M. Frank, A. P. Freundorfer, and Y. M. M. Antar, "High speed metamaterial-inspired negative group delay circuits in CMOS for delay equalization,`` in Proc. of 2nd Microsystems and Nanoelectronics Research Conference 2009 (MNRC 2009), pp. 9-12, 13-14 Oct. 2009.
Y. Osaki, T. Hirose, K. Matsumoto, N. Kuroki, and M. Numa, "Delay-compensation techniques for ultra-low-power subthreshold CMOS digital LSIs,`` in Proc. of 52nd IEEE Int. Midwest Symp. CAS 2009 (MWSCAS'09), 2-5 Aug. 2009, pp. 503-506.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec, M. Le Roy, and Y. Boucher, "Active microwave circuit with negative group delay,`` IEEE MWC Lett., Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 861-863, Dec. 2007.
B. Ravelo, A. Perennec, and M. Le Roy, "Synthesis of broadband negative group delay active circuits,`` in Proc. of IEEE MTT-Symposium IMS 2007, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, pp. 2177-2180, 3-8 June 2007.
B. Ravelo, "Demonstration of negative signal delay with short-duration transient pulse,`` Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. (EPJAP), Vol. 55, 2011, 10103-pp. 1-8.
B. Ravelo, "Baseband NGD circuit with RF amplifier,`` Electronic Letters, Vol. 47, No. 13, 23rd June 2011, pp. 752- 754.
L. Brillouin, and A. Sommerfeld, "Wave propagation and group velocity,`` Academic Press, New York, 1960, pp. 113- 137.
A. Dogariu, A. Kuzmich, H. Cao, and L. J. Wang, "Superluminal light pulse propagation via rephasing in a transparent anomalously dispersive medium,`` Optics Express, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 344-350, Mar. 2001.
G. V. Eleftheriades, O. Siddiqui, and A. K. Iyer, "Transmission line for negative index media and associated implementations without excess resonators,`` IEEE Microwave and Wireless Letters, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 51-53, Feb. 2003.
O. F. Siddiqui, M. Mojahedi, and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Periodically loaded transmission line with effective negative refractive index and negative group velocity,`` IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 51, No. 10, Oct. 2003, pp. 2619-2625.
O. F. Siddiqui, S. J. Erickson, G. V. Eleftheriades, and M. Mojahedi, "Time-domain measurement of negative-index transmission-line metamaterials,`` IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol. 52, No. 5, May 2004, pp. 1449-1453.
C. D. Broomfield, and J. K. A. Everard, "Broadband negative group delay networks for compensation of oscillators using feedforward amplifiers,`` Electronics Letters, Vol. 20, pp. 1710-1711, Sep. 2000.
M. Kitano, T. Nakanishi, and K. Sugiyama, "Negative group delay and superluminal propagation: An electronic circuit approach,`` IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 43-51, 2003.
N. S. Bukhman, and S. V. Bukhman, "On the Negative Delay Time of a Narrow-Band Signal as It Passes through the Resonant Filter of Absorption,`` Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2004, pp. 66-76.
M. W. Mitchell, and R. Y. Chiao, "Negative group delay and "fronts' in a causal systems: An experiment with very low frequency bandpass amplifiers,`` Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 230, pp. 133-138, Jun. 1997.
M. W. Mitchell, and R. Y. Chiao, "Causality and negative group delays in a simple bandpass amplifier,`` Am. J. Phys., Vol. 66, pp. 14â€“19, 1998.
B. Ravelo, "Investigation on the microwave pulse signal compression with NGD active circuit``, PIER C Journal, Vol. 20, pp. 155-171, 2011.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.