Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555815981.ch44
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 00:37:04+00:00

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Arenaviruses are negative-stranded RNA viruses that cause chronic infections of rodents and zoonotically acquired diseases in humans. Other arenaviruses known from South America and Africa are common causes of the viral hemorrhagic fever (HF) syndrome in the areas in which they occur naturally. lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Lassa virus, and other African arenaviruses compose the Old World arenaviruses, and the viruses from North and South America are referred to as the New World, American, or Tacaribe arenavirus serologic complex. The best-studied example of adaptation by arenaviruses is the work with variants of LCMV that can be isolated from different organs of neonatally infected mice. There are now several examples of chronic infections of laboratory rodents in which arenaviruses affect critical enzyme or hormone synthesis without morphological lesions being apparent. The major differences between the pathogenesis of Lassa fever and that of the South American HFs are quantitative rather than qualitative. The differential diagnosis may include early stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection, measles, hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, collagen vascular diseases, and early stages of nephritis. The value of oral or intravenous ribavirin in prophylaxis of exposures to Lassa virus and other arenaviruses is uncertain, in part as neither the dose nor the duration for humans is established. Several additional candidate drugs with activity against arenavirus have been identified by in vitro screening, and others are being discovered through the intensive interest generated by biodefense programs.
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