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www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm e www.volint.it/scuolevis/dirittiumani/patto_dir_soc.htm Entrata in vigore : 23 marzo 1976 INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
The States Parties to the present Covenant, Gli Stati parti del presente Patto, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Considerando che, in conformità ai principi enunciati nello Statuto delle Nazioni Unite, il riconoscimento della dignità inerente a tutti i membri della famiglia umana e dei loro diritti, uguali e inalienabili, costituisce il fondamento della libertà, della giustizia e della pace nel mondo;
Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his civil and political rights, Riconosciuto che, in conformità alla Dichiarazione universale dei diritti dell’uomo, l’ideale dell’essere umano libero, che gode della libertà dal timore e dalla miseria, può essere conseguito soltanto se vengono create condizioni le quali permettano ad ognuno di godere dei propri diritti economici, sociali e culturali, nonché dei propri diritti civili e politici;
Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms, Considerato che lo Statuto delle Nazioni Unite impone agli Stati l’obbligo di promuovere il rispetto e l’osservanza universale dei diritti e delle libertà dell’uomo;
Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Considerato infine che l’individuo, in quanto ha dei doveri verso gli altri e verso la collettività alla quale appartiene, è tenuto a sforzarsi di promuovere e di rispettare i diritti riconosciuti nel presente Patto:
Agree upon the following articles: Hanno convenuto quanto segue:
PART I Parte prima
1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. 1. Tutti i popoli hanno il diritto di autodeterminazione: In virtù di questo diritto, essi decidono liberamente del loro statuto politico e perseguono liberamente il loro sviluppo economico, sociale e culturale. 2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. 2. Per raggiungere i loro fini, tutti i popoli possono disporre liberamente delle proprie ricchezze e delle proprie risorse naturali, senza pregiudizio degli obblighi derivanti dalla cooperazione economica internazionale, fondata sul principio del mutuo interesse, e dal diritto internazionale. In nessun caso un popolo può essere privato dei propri mezzi di sussistenza. 3. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. 3. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto, ivi compresi quelli che sono responsabili dell’amministrazione di territori non autonomi e di territori in amministrazione fiduciaria, debbono promuovere l’attuazione del diritto di autodeterminazione dei popoli e rispettare tale diritto, in conformità alle disposizioni dello Statuto delle Nazioni Unite. PART II Parte seconda
1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assistance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures. General comment on its implementation 1. Ciascuno degli Stati parte del presente Patto si impegna ad operare, sia individualmente sia attraverso l’assistenza e la cooperazione internazionale, specialmente nel campo economico e tecnico, con il massimo delle risorse di cui dispone, al fine di assicurare progressivamente con tutti i mezzi appropriati, compresa in particolare l’adozione di misure legislative, la piena attuazione dei diritti riconosciuti nel presente Patto. 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. 2. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto si impegnano a garantire che i diritti in esso enunciati verranno esercitati senza discriminazione alcuna, sia essa fondata sulla razza, il colore, il sesso, la lingua, la religione, l’opinione politica o qualsiasi altra opinione, l’origine nazionale o sociale, la condizione economica, la nascita o qualsiasi altra condizione.
3. I paesi in via di sviluppo, tenuto il debito conto dei diritti dell’uomo e delle rispettive economie nazionali, possono determinare in quale misura essi garantiranno a individui non aventi la loro cittadinanza i diritti economici riconosciuti nel presente Patto. Article 3 Articolo 3
1. Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights or freedoms recognized herein, or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant. 1. Nessuna disposizione del presente Patto può essere interpretata nel senso di implicare un diritto di qualsiasi Stato, gruppo o individuo di intraprendere attività o di compiere atti miranti a sopprimere uno dei diritti o delle libertà riconosciuti nel presente Patto ovvero a limitarlo in misura maggiore di quanto è previsto nel Patto stesso. 2. No restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental human rights recognized or existing in any country in virtue of law, conventions, regulations or custom shall be admitted on the pretext that the present Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent. 2. Nessuna restrizione o delega a diritti fondamentali dell’uomo, riconosciuti o vigenti in qualsiasi Paese in virtù di leggi, convenzioni, regolamenti o consuetudini, può essere ammessa con il pretesto che il presente Patto non li riconosce o li riconosce in minor misura. PART III Parte terza
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right to work, which includes the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts, and will take appropriate steps to safeguard this right. 1. Gli Stati parte del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto al lavoro, che implica il diritto di ogni individuo di ottenere la possibilità di guadagnarsi la vita con un lavoro liberamente scelto od accettato, e prenderanno le misure appropriate per garantire tale diritto. 2. The steps to be taken by a State Party to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include technical and vocational guidance and training programmes, policies and techniques to achieve steady economic, social and cultural development and full and productive employment under conditions safeguarding fundamental political and economic freedoms to the individual. 2. Le misure che ciascuno degli Stati parti del presente Patto dovrà prendere per assicurare la piena attuazione di tale diritto comprenderanno programmi di orientamento e formazione tecnica e professionale, nonché l’elaborazione di politiche e di tecniche atte ad assicurare un costante sviluppo economico, sociale e culturale ed un pieno impiego produttivo, in condizioni che salvaguardino le fondamentali libertà politiche ed economiche degli individui. Article 7 Articolo 7
The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work which ensure, in particular: Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto di ogni individuo di godere di giuste e favorevoli condizioni di lavoro, le quali garantiscano in particolare: (a) Remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with: a) la remunerazione che assicuri a tutti i lavoratori, come minimo: (i) Fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind, in particular women being guaranteed conditions of work not inferior to those enjoyed by men, with equal pay for equal work; (i) un equo salario ed una uguale remunerazione per un lavoro di eguale valore, senza distinzione di alcun genere; in particolare devono essere garantite alle donne condizioni di lavoro non inferiori a quelle godute dagli uomini, con una eguale remunerazione per un eguale lavoro; (ii) A decent living for themselves and their families in accordance with the provisions of the present Covenant; (ii)un’esistenza decorosa per essi e per le loro famiglie in conformità delle disposizioni del presente patto; (b) Safe and healthy working conditions; b) la sicurezza e l’igiene del lavoro; (c) Equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted in his employment to an appropriate higher level, subject to no considerations other than those of seniority and competence; c) la possibilità uguale per tutti di essere promossi, nel rispettivo lavoro, alla categoria superiore appropriata, senza altra considerazione che non sia quella dell’anzianità di servizio e delle attitudini personali; (d ) Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure: 1. Gli Stati parte del presente Patto si impegnano a garantire: (a) The right of everyone to form trade unions and join the trade union of his choice, subject only to the rules of the organization concerned, for the promotion and protection of his economic and social interests. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public order or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others; a) il diritto di ogni individuo di costituire con altri dei sindacati e di aderire al sindacato di sua scelta, fatte salve soltanto le regole stabilite dall’organizzazione interessata, al fine di promuovere e tutelare i propri interessi economici e sociali. L’esercizio di questo diritto non può essere sottoposto a restrizioni che non siano stabilite dalla legge e che non siano necessarie, in una società democratica, nell’interesse della sicurezza nazionale o dell’ordine pubblico o per la protezione dei diritti e delle libertà altrui; (b) The right of trade unions to establish national federations or confederations and the right of the latter to form or join international trade-union organizations; b) il diritto dei sindacati di formare federazioni o confederazioni nazionali e il diritto di queste di costituire organizzazioni sindacali internazionali o di aderirvi; (c) The right of trade unions to function freely subject to no limitations other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public order or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others; c) il diritto dei sindacati di esercitare liberamente la loro attività, senza altre limitazioni che quelle stabilite dalla legge e che siano necessarie in una società democratica nell’interesse della sicurezza nazionale o dell’ordine pubblico o per la protezione dei diritti e delle libertà altrui;
(d) The right to strike, provided that it is exercised in conformity with the laws of the particular country. d) il diritto di sciopero, purchè esso venga esercitato in conformità delle leggi di ciascun Paese. 2. This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exercise of these rights by members of the armed forces or of the police or of the administration of the State. 2. Il presente articolo non impedisce di imporre restrizioni legali all’esercizio di questi diritti da parte dei membri delle forze armate, della polizia o dell’amministrazione dello Stato. 3. Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International Labour Organisation Convention of 1948 concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize to take legislative measures which would prejudice, or apply the law in such a manner as would prejudice, the guarantees provided for in that Convention. 3. Nessuna disposizione del presente articolo autorizza gli Stati parti della Convenzione del 1948 dell’Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro, concernente la libertà sindacale e la tutela del diritto sindacale, ad adottare misure legislative che portino pregiudizio alle garanzie previste dalla menzionata Convenzione, o ad applicare le loro leggi in modo da causare tale pregiudizio. Article 9 Articolo 9
Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono che: 1. The widest possible protection and assistance should be accorded to the family, which is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, particularly for its establishment and while it is responsible for the care and education of dependent children. Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of the intending spouses. 1. La protezione e l’assistenza più ampia che sia possibile devono essere accordate alla famiglia, che è il nucleo naturale e fondamentale della società, in particolare per la sua costituzione e fin quando essa abbia la responsabilità del mantenimento e dell’educazione di figli a suo carico. Il matrimonio deve essere celebrato con il libero consenso dei futuri coniugi.
2. Special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth. During such period working mothers should be accorded paid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits. 2. Una protezione speciale deve essere accordata alle madri per un periodo di tempo ragionevole prima e dopo il parto. Le lavoratrici madri dovranno beneficiare, durante tale periodo, di un congedo retribuito o di un congedo accompagnato da adeguate prestazioni di sicurezza sociale. 3. Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions. Children and young persons should be protected from economic and social exploitation. Their employment in work harmful to their morals or health or dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should be punishable by law. States should also set age limits below which the paid employment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law. 3. Speciali misure di protezione e di assistenza devono essere prese in favore di tutti i fanciulli e gli adolescenti senza discriminazione alcuna per ragioni di filiazione o per altre ragioni. I fanciulli e gli adolescenti devono essere protetti contro lo sfruttamento economico e sociale. Il loro impiego in lavori pregiudizievoli per la loro moralità o per la loro salute, pericolosi per la loro vita, o tali da nuocere al loro normale sviluppo, deve essere punito dalla legge. Gli Stati devono altresì fissare limiti di età al di sotto dei quali il lavoro salariato di manodopera infantile sarà vietato e punito dalla legge. Article 11 Articolo 11
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent. General comment on its implementation 1. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto di ogni individuo ad un livello di vita adeguato per sé e per la loro famiglia, che includa un’alimentazione, un vestiario, ed un alloggio adeguati, nonché al miglioramento continuo delle proprie condizioni di vita. Gli Stati parti prenderanno misure idonee ad assicurare l’attuazione di questo diritto, e riconoscono a tal fine l’importanza essenziale della cooperazione internazionale, basata sul libero consenso. 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant, recognizing the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, shall take, individually and through international co-operation, the measures, including specific programmes, which are needed: 2. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto, riconoscendo il diritto fondamentale di ogni individuo alla libertà dalla fame, adotteranno, individualmente e attraverso la cooperazione internazionale, tutte le misure, e fra queste anche programmi concreti, che siano necessarie: (a) To improve methods of production, conservation and distribution of food by making full use of technical and scientific knowledge, by disseminating knowledge of the principles of nutrition and by developing or reforming agrarian systems in such a way as to achieve the most efficient development and utilization of natural resources; a) per migliorare i metodi di produzione, di conservazione e di distribuzione delle derrate alimentari mediante la piena applicazione delle conoscenze tecniche e scientifiche, la diffusione di nozioni relative ai principi della nutrizione, e lo sviluppo o la riforma dei regimi agrari, in modo da conseguire l’accrescimento e l’utilizzazione più efficaci delle risorse naturali; (b) Taking into account the problems of both food-importing and food-exporting countries, to ensure an equitable distribution of world food supplies in relation to need. b) per assicurare un’equa distribuzione delle risorse alimentari mondiali in relazione ai bisogni, tenendo conto dei problemi tanto dei paesi importatori quanto dei paesi esportatori di derrate alimentari. Article 12 Articolo 12
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. 1. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto di ogni individuo a godere delle migliori condizioni di salute fisica e mentale che sia in grado di conseguire. 2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for: 2. Le misure che gli Stati parti del presente Patto dovranno prendere per assicurare la piena attuazione di tale diritto comprenderanno quelle necessarie ai seguenti fini: (a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child; a) la diminuzione del numero dei nati-morti e della mortalità infantile, nonché il sano sviluppo dei fanciulli; (b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene; b) il miglioramento di tutti gli aspetti dell’igiene ambientale e industriale;
(c) The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases; c) la profilassi, la cura e il controllo delle malattie epidemiche, endemiche, professionali e d’altro genere; (d) The creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention in the event of sickness. d) la creazione di condizioni che assicurino a tutti servizi medici e assistenza medica in caso di malattia. Article 13 Articolo 13
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They further agree that education shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 1. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto di ogni individuo all’istruzione. Essi convengono sul fatto che l’istruzione deve mirare al pieno sviluppo della personalità umana e del senso della sua dignità e rafforzare il rispetto per i diritti dell’uomo e le libertà fondamentali. Essi convengono inoltre che l’istruzione deve porre tutti gli individui in grado di partecipare in modo effettivo alla vita di una società libera, deve promuovere la comprensione, la tolleranza e l’amicizia fra tutte le nazioni e tutti i gruppi razziali, etnici o religiosi ed incoraggiare lo sviluppo delle attività delle Nazioni Unite per il mantenimento della pace. 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view to achieving the full realization of this right: 2. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto, al fine di assicurare la piena attuazione di questo diritto, riconoscono che: (a) Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all; a) l’istruzione primaria deve essere obbligatoria e accessibile gratuitamente a tutti; (b) Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education; b) l’istruzione secondaria nelle sue diverse forme, inclusa l’istruzione secondaria tecnica e professionale, deve essere resa generale ed accessibile a tutti con ogni mezzo a ciò idoneo, ed in particolare mediante l’instaurazione progressiva dell’istruzione gratuita; (c) Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education; c) l’istruzione deve essere resa accessibile a tutti su un piano d’uguaglianza, in base alle attitudini di ciascuno, con ogni mezzo a ciò idoneo, ed in particolare mediante l’instaurazione progressiva dell’istruzione gratuita;
(d) Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primary education; d) l’istruzione di base deve essere incoraggiata o intensificata nella misura possibile, a beneficio degli individui che non hanno ricevuto istruzione primaria o non ne hanno completato il corso; (e) The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be actively pursued, an adequate fellowship system shall be established, and the material conditions of teaching staff shall be continuously improved. e) deve perseguirsi attivamente lo sviluppo di un sistema di scuole di ogni grado, stabilirsi un adeguato sistema di borse di studio e assicurarsi un continuo miglioramento delle condizioni materiali del personale insegnante. 3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to choose for their children schools, other than those established by the public authorities, which conform to such minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the State and to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions. 3. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto si impegnano a rispettare la libertà dei genitori e, ove del caso, dei tutori legali, di scegliere per i figli scuole diverse da quelle istituite dalle autorità pubbliche, purchè conformi ai requisiti fondamentali che possono essere prescritti o approvati dallo Stato in materia di istruzione, e di curare l’educazione religiosa e morale dei figli in conformità alle proprie convinzioni. 4. No part of this article shall be construed so as to interfere with the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions, subject always to the observance of the principles set forth in paragraph I of this article and to the requirement that the education given in such institutions shall conform to such minimum standards as may be laid down by the State. 4. Nessuna disposizione di questo articolo sarà interpretata nel senso di recare pregiudizio alla libertà degli individui e degli enti di fondare e dirigere istituti di istruzione, purchè i principi enunciati nel I paragrafo di questo articolo vengano rispettati e l’istruzione impartita in tali istituti sia conforme ai requisiti fondamentali che possano essere prescritti dallo Stato. Article 14 Articolo 14
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone: 1. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto riconoscono il diritto di ogni individuo:
(a) To take part in cultural life; a) a partecipare alla vita culturale; (b) To enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications; b) a godere dei benefici del progresso scientifico e delle sue applicazioni;
(c) To benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. c) a godere della tutela degli interessi morali e materiali scaturenti da qualunque produzione scientifica, letteraria o artistica di cui egli sia l’autore. 2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for the conservation, the development and the diffusion of science and culture. 2. Le misure che gli Stati parti del presente Patto dovranno prendere per conseguire la piena attuazione di questo diritto comprenderanno quelle necessarie per il mantenimento, lo sviluppo e la diffusione della scienza e della cultura. 3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to respect the freedom indispensable for scientific research and creative activity. 3. Gli Stati parti del presente patto si impegnano a rispettare la libertà indispensabile per la ricerca scientifica e l’attività creativa. 4. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and development of international contacts and co-operation in the scientific and cultural fields. 4. Gli Stati parte del presente Patto riconoscono i benefici che risulteranno dall’incoraggiamento e dallo sviluppo dei contatti e dalla collaborazione internazionale nei campi scientifico e culturale. PART IV Parte quarta
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to submit in conformity with this part of the Covenant reports on the measures which they have adopted and the progress made in achieving the observance of the rights recognized herein. 1. Gli Stati parti del presente Patto si impegnano a presentare, in conformità alle disposizioni di questa parte del Patto, dei rapporti sulle misure che essi avranno preso e sui progressi compiuti al fine di conseguire il rispetto dei diritti riconosciuti nel Patto. 2. (a) All reports shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies to the Economic and Social Council for consideration in accordance with the provisions of the present Covenant; 2. a) Tutti i rapporti sono indirizzati al Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite, che ne trasmette copie al Consiglio economico e sociale per esame, in conformità alle disposizioni del presente Patto; (b) The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall also transmit to the specialized agencies copies of the reports, or any relevant parts therefrom, from States Parties to the present Covenant which are also members of these specialized agencies in so far as these reports, or parts therefrom, relate to any matters which fall within the responsibilities of the said agencies in accordance with their constitutional instruments.
b) il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite trasmette altresì agli istituti specializzati copie dei rapporti, o delle parti pertinenti di questi, inviati dagli Stati parti del presente Patto che siano anche membri di detti istituti specializzati, in quanto tali rapporti, o parti di rapporti, riguardino questioni rientranti nella competenza di quegli istituti ai sensi dei rispettivi statuti. Article 17
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant shall furnish their reports in stages, in accordance with a programme to be established by the Economic and Social Council within one year of the entry into force of the present Covenant after consultation with the States Parties and the specialized agencies concerned. 1. Gli Stati parte del presente Patto debbono presentare i loro rapporti a intervalli di tempo, secondo un programma che verrà stabilito dal Consiglio economico e sociale entro un anno dall’entrata in vigore del presente Patto, dopo aver consultato gli Stati parti e gli istituti specializzati interessati. 2. Reports may indicate factors and difficulties affecting the degree of fulfilment of obligations under the present Covenant. 2. I rapporti possono indicare i fattori e le difficoltà che influiscano sul grado di adempimento degli obblighi previsti nel presente Patto. 3. Where relevant information has previously been furnished to the United Nations or to any specialized agency by any State Party to the present Covenant, it will not be necessary to reproduce that information, but a precise reference to the information so furnished will suffice. 3. Qualora informazioni pertinenti siano già state fornite alle Nazioni Unite o ad un istituto specializzato da uno Stato parte del presente patto, non sarà necessario fornire nuovamente tali informazioni, ma sarà sufficiente un riferimento preciso alle informazioni già date. Article 18 Articolo 18
Article 22General comment on its implementation Articolo 22
Article 23 Articolo 23
Article 24 Articolo 24
Article 25 Articolo 25
PART V Parte quinta
Article 26 Articolo 26
1. The present Covenant is open for signature by any State Member of the United Nations or member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State which has been invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a party to the present Covenant. 1. Il presente Patto è aperto alla firma di ogni Stato membro delle Nazioni Unite o membro di uno qualsiasi dei loro istituti specializzati, di ogni Stato parte dello Statuto della Corte internazionale di giustizia, nonché di qualsiasi altro Stato che sia invitato dall’Assemblea Generale delle Nazioni Unite a divenire parte del presente Patto. 2. The present Covenant is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 2. Il presente Patto è soggetto a ratifica. Gli strumenti di ratifica saranno depositati presso il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite. 3. The present Covenant shall be open to accession by any State referred to in paragraph 1 of this article. 3. Il presente Patto sarà aperto all’adesione di qualsiasi Stato fra quelli indicati al paragrafo 1 del presente articolo. 4. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
4. L’adesione sarà effettuata mediante deposito di uno strumento di adesione presso il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite. 5. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which have signed the present Covenant or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession. 5. Il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite informerà tutti gli Stati che abbiano firmato il presente patto, o che vi abbiano aderito, del deposito di ogni strumento di ratifica o di adesione. Article 27 Articolo 27
1. The present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. 1. Il presente Patto entrerà in vigore tre mesi dopo la data del deposito presso il segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite del trentacinquesimo strumento di ratifica o di adesione. 2. For each State ratifying the present Covenant or acceding to it after the deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. 2. Per ognuno degli Stati che ratificheranno il presente Patto o vi aderiranno successivamente al deposito del trentacinquesimo strumento di ratifica o i adesione, il Patto medesimo entrerà in vigore tre mesi dopo la data del deposito, da parte di tale Stato, del suo strumento di ratifica o di adesione. Article 28 Articolo 28
Article 29 Articolo 29
1. Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to the present Covenant with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposals. In the event that at least one third of the States Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations for approval. 1. Ogni Stato parte del presente Patto potrà proporre un emendamento e depositarne il testo presso il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite. Il Segretario generale comunicherà quindi le proposte di emendamento agli Stati parti del presente Patto, chiedendo loro di informarlo se sono favorevoli alla convocazione di una conferenza degli Stati parti per esaminare dette proposte e metterle ai voti. Se almeno un terzo degli Stati parti si dichiarerà a favore di tale convocazione, il Segretario generale convocherà la conferenza sotto gli auspici delle Nazioni Unite. Ogni emendamento approvato dalla maggioranza degli Stati presenti e votanti alla conferenza sarà sottoposto all’approvazione dell’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite. 2. Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the States Parties to the present Covenant in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. 2. Gli emendamenti entreranno in vigore dopo essere stati approvati dall’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite e accettati, in conformità alle rispettive procedure costituzionali, da una maggioranza di due terzi degli Stati parti del presente Patto. 3. When amendments come into force they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of the present Covenant and any earlier amendment which they have accepted. 3. Quando gli emendamenti entreranno in vigore, essi saranno vincolanti per gli Stati parti che li abbiano accettati, mentre gli altri Stati parti rimarranno vincolati dalle disposizioni del presente Patto e da qualsiasi emendamento anteriore che essi abbiano accettato. Article 30 Articolo 30
Irrespective of the notifications made under article 26, paragraph 5, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in paragraph I of the same article of the following particulars: Indipendentemente dalle notifiche effettuate ai sensi del paragrafo 5 dell’articolo 26, il segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite informerà tutti gli Stati indicati al paragrafo 1 di detto articolo: (a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 26; a) delle firme apposte al presente Patto e degli strumenti di ratifica e di adesione depositati in conformità all’articolo 26; (b) The date of the entry into force of the present Covenant under article 27 and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29. b) della data in cui il presente Patto entrerà in vigore, in conformità all’articolo 27, e della data in cui entreranno in vigore gli emendamenti ai sensi dell’articolo 29. Article 31 Articolo 31
1. The present Covenant, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations. 1. Il presente Patto, di cui i testi cinese, francese, inglese, russo e spagnolo fanno egualmente fede, sarà depositato negli archivi delle Nazioni Unite.
2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of the present Covenant to all States referred to in article 26. 2. Il Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite trasmetterà copie autentiche del presente Patto a tutti gli Stati indicati all’articolo 26. RIVISTA ENGLISH4LIFE
The States Parties to the present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his civil and political rights, Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms, Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Agree upon the following articles: PART I Article 1 1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. 2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. 3. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations. PART II Article 2 1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps, individually and through international assistance and co-operation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant by all appropriate means, including particularly the adoption of legislative measures. General comment on its implementation 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. 3. Developing countries, with due regard to human rights and their national economy, may determine to what extent they would guarantee the economic rights recognized in the present Covenant to non-nationals.
Article 5 1. Nothing in the present Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights or freedoms recognized herein, or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the present Covenant. 2. No restriction upon or derogation from any of the fundamental human rights recognized or existing in any country in virtue of law, conventions, regulations or custom shall be admitted on the pretext that the present Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent. PART III Article 6 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right to work, which includes the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts, and will take appropriate steps to safeguard this right. 2. The steps to be taken by a State Party to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include technical and vocational guidance and training programmes, policies and techniques to achieve steady economic, social and cultural development and full and productive employment under conditions safeguarding fundamental political and economic freedoms to the individual. Article 7 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work which ensure, in particular: (a) Remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum, with: (i) Fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind, in particular women being guaranteed conditions of work not inferior to those enjoyed by men, with equal pay for equal work; (ii) A decent living for themselves and their families in accordance with the provisions of the present Covenant; (b) Safe and healthy working conditions; (c) Equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted in his employment to an appropriate higher level, subject to no considerations other than those of seniority and competence; (d ) Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays
Article 8 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure: (a) The right of everyone to form trade unions and join the trade union of his choice, subject only to the rules of the organization concerned, for the promotion and protection of his economic and social interests. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public order or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others; (b) The right of trade unions to establish national federations or confederations and the right of the latter to form or join international trade-union organizations; (c) The right of trade unions to function freely subject to no limitations other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public order or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others; (d) The right to strike, provided that it is exercised in conformity with the laws of the particular country. 2. This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exercise of these rights by members of the armed forces or of the police or of the administration of the State. 3. Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International Labour Organisation Convention of 1948 concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize to take legislative measures which would prejudice, or apply the law in such a manner as would prejudice, the guarantees provided for in that Convention. Article 9 The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance.
1. The widest possible protection and assistance should be accorded to the family, which is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, particularly for its establishment and while it is responsible for the care and education of dependent children. Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of the intending spouses. 2. Special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth. During such period working mothers should be accorded paid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits. 3. Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions. Children and young persons should be protected from economic and social exploitation. Their employment in work harmful to their morals or health or dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should be punishable by law. States should also set age limits below which the paid employment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law. Article 11 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent. General comment on its implementation 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant, recognizing the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger, shall take, individually and through international co-operation, the measures, including specific programmes, which are needed: (a) To improve methods of production, conservation and distribution of food by making full use of technical and scientific knowledge, by disseminating knowledge of the principles of nutrition and by developing or reforming agrarian systems in such a way as to achieve the most efficient development and utilization of natural resources; (b) Taking into account the problems of both food-importing and food-exporting countries, to ensure an equitable distribution of world food supplies in relation to need. Article 12 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. 2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for: (a) The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child; (b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene; (c) The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and other diseases; (d) The creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention in the event of sickness. Article 13 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They further agree that education shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 2. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view to achieving the full realization of this right: (a) Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all; (b) Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education; (c) Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education; (d) Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primary education; (e) The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be actively pursued, an adequate fellowship system shall be established, and the material conditions of teaching staff shall be continuously improved. 3. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to choose for their children schools, other than those established by the public authorities, which conform to such minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the State and to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions. 4. No part of this article shall be construed so as to interfere with the liberty of individuals and bodies to establish and direct educational institutions, subject always to the observance of the principles set forth in paragraph I of this article and to the requirement that the education given in such institutions shall conform to such minimum standards as may be laid down by the State. Article 14 Each State Party to the present Covenant which, at the time of becoming a Party, has not been able to secure in its metropolitan territory or other territories under its jurisdiction compulsory primary education, free of charge, undertakes, within two years, to work out and adopt a detailed plan of action for the progressive implementation, within a reasonable number of years, to be fixed in the plan, of the principle of compulsory education free of charge for all.
1. The States Parties to the present Covenant shall furnish their reports in stages, in accordance with a programme to be established by the Economic and Social Council within one year of the entry into force of the present Covenant after consultation with the States Parties and the specialized agencies concerned. 2. Reports may indicate factors and difficulties affecting the degree of fulfilment of obligations under the present Covenant. 3. Where relevant information has previously been furnished to the United Nations or to any specialized agency by any State Party to the present Covenant, it will not be necessary to reproduce that information, but a precise reference to the information so furnished will suffice. Article 18 Pursuant to its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the Economic and Social Council may make arrangements with the specialized agencies in respect of their reporting to it on the progress made in achieving the observance of the provisions of the present Covenant falling within the scope of their activities. These reports may include particulars of decisions and recommendations on such implementation adopted by their competent organs.
Article 22General comment on its implementation The Economic and Social Council may bring to the attention of other organs of the United Nations, their subsidiary organs and specialized agencies concerned with furnishing technical assistance any matters arising out of the reports referred to in this part of the present Covenant which may assist such bodies in deciding, each within its field of competence, on the advisability of international measures likely to contribute to the effective progressive implementation of the present Covenant.
PART V Article 26 1. The present Covenant is open for signature by any State Member of the United Nations or member of any of its specialized agencies, by any State Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State which has been invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a party to the present Covenant. 2. The present Covenant is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. The present Covenant shall be open to accession by any State referred to in paragraph 1 of this article. 4. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
5. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which have signed the present Covenant or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession. Article 27 1. The present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. 2. For each State ratifying the present Covenant or acceding to it after the deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of accession. Article 28 The provisions of the present Covenant shall extend to all parts of federal States without any limitations or exceptions.
Article 29 1. Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to the present Covenant with a request that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposals. In the event that at least one third of the States Parties favours such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations for approval. 2. Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the States Parties to the present Covenant in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. 3. When amendments come into force they shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being bound by the provisions of the present Covenant and any earlier amendment which they have accepted. Article 30 Irrespective of the notifications made under article 26, paragraph 5, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States referred to in paragraph I of the same article of the following particulars: (a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 26; (b) The date of the entry into force of the present Covenant under article 27 and the date of the entry into force of any amendments under article 29. Article 31 1. The present Covenant, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations. 2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of the present Covenant to all States referred to in article 26. Siti amici: Lonweb •

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