Source: https://ukimmigrationjusticewatch.com/2017/02/08/after-hesham-ali-unrepresented-claimant-with-uk-resident-children-successfully-resists-deportation-in-court-of-appeal/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 15:05:33+00:00

Document:
Following a long line of recent negative decisions in the Court of Appeal in cases such as The Secretary of State for the Home Department v AJ (Zimbabwe)  EWCA Civ 1012, the newly notified case of Quarey, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Rev 1)  EWCA Civ 47 is a much welcome decision in relation to potential deportees with children resident in the UK.
Mr Quarey, a Jamaican national, was considered a “foreign criminal” within the meaning of the United Kingdom Borders Act 2007. He had remained in the UK without leave following his entry in November 2001 on a visitor visa.
In 2004, he met his former partner Ms Pennant, and their child Nariah was born on 7 May 2005. He separated from Ms Pennant during 2005(in proceedings in the Court of Appeal, it was noted that the First Tier Tribunal attached little weight to the matter of Mr Quarey’s relationship with Nariah, as they had no corroborative evidence to indicate that there was an active and subsisting relationship between her and her father).
Mr Quarey then formed a relationship with Ms Ramsay and they began living together in March 2006. Ms Ramsay had another child with a different father, named Ashley Edwards, born in 2001. In addition, Ms Ramsay had the care of her nephew, Javanie Morris, the son of her deceased sister. Javanie was born in 2004. On 27 June 2008, Ms Ramsay gave birth to Mr Quarey’s daughter, Shaniqua(It was not in issue before the First Tier Tribunal that Mr Quarey treated all three children as his own and was an active parent to them).
Ms Ramsay was herself of Jamaican nationality. She came to the UK as a visitor in February 2000 and remained here after the expiry of her six months visitor’s visa. She attempted, but failed, to get an extension of leave as a student. In 2007, Ms Ramsay applied for leave to remain on the basis of seven years’ residence of her daughter Ashley. Ms Ramsay, Ashley and Javanie were all given discretionary leave to remain. Ashley became a British citizen in 2012.
Mr Quarey was convicted of possessing cocaine and heroin on 2 November 2011. He had in his possession “no less than 65 wraps of Class A drugs” but was not prosecuted for possession with intent to supply. He received modest fines.
He was arrested on 26 October 2012 in Camden High Street. He had 36 wraps of heroin and 27 wraps of crack cocaine. He acknowledged that he had been dealing in drugs “for about a year”. He was sentenced on the basis that he was a street dealer in drugs. On 12 February 2013, he was sentenced to 36 months’ imprisonment on each count concurrent.
The Secretary of State’s reasons for the decision to deport were set down in a decision letter of 29 October 2013. Mr Quarey became liable to automatic deportation under the provisions of Section 32(5) of the UK Borders Act 2007.
The FTT had letters from the deputy head of the children’s primary school and from a representative from the Haringey Council Children and Young People’s Service, attesting to Mr Quarey’s close relationship with the children and the negative impact of his removal to prison. Mr Quarey was serving his sentence at the time of the hearing before the FTT.
considered the letters from the school and social services, and they concluded that the letters added great weight to Mr Quarey’s case in terms of the best interests of the three children. The Tribunal reached the conclusion that his deportation would seriously jeopardise the welfare of the three children and in particular Javanie who had special needs. Despite the seriousness of Mr Quarey’s criminal behaviour and his adverse immigration record, it was considered that there were “exceptional circumstances” within the meaning of the Immigration Rules and that the impact on his family life in terms of the adverse effect on the three children outweighed the legitimate aims of the Secretary of State in this case and thus violated his Article 8 rights.
Following the Secretary of State’s application for permission, the Upper Tribunal considered that looking at the FTT’s determination in the round, they did not accept that the FTT Panel erred in failing to take into account the fact that very significant weight that must be attached to deporting foreign criminals who have been sentenced to a period of imprisonment in excess of twelve months and do not otherwise meet the requirements of the Immigration Rules. It was not accepted that it had been established that the FTT Panel failed to take into account relevant matters when coming into its conclusions.
Ground 1: Whether the First-tier Tribunal erred in law in failing to have any regard to the statutory source of the policy that foreign criminals such as Mr Quarey should be deported and/or the great weight to be attached to that policy. It was submitted that Tribunals must, applying Court Appeal’s decision in SS (Nigeria) v SSHD  EWCA Civ 550,  1 WLR 998, when assessing whether deportation is proportionate under Article 8 ECHR, have regard to the nature and source of the State’s policy that is being pursued.
Ground 2: Whether the FTT’s decision failed to consider the public interest element of the proportionality balancing exercise properly, in accordance with criteria set down on many occasions by the Court of Appeal. The FTT’s analysis of whether there were “exceptional circumstances” justifying not deporting Mr Quarey failed to take into account the public interest in deterring other foreign nationals from committing serious crimes and also the need to express public revulsion at this sort of offending (dealing in Class A drugs) and building public confidence. These were key factors in the assessment of the public interest in deporting Mr Quarey.
The Court of Appeal noted that since the decision of the Upper Tribunal in Mr Quarey’s case, the Supreme Court has considered the approach to deportation cases of this kind in Hesham Ali v Secretary of State for the Home Department  UKSC 60,  1 WLR 4799. It was also observed that the Supreme Court reviewed earlier authority, including both MF (Nigeria) and SS (Nigeria).
The Supreme Court indicated that the correct approach is firstly to determine whether deportation would be contrary to ECHR Article 8, because the case falls within paragraph 398 (B) or (C) of the Immigration Rules and then one or more of the conditions set out in paragraph 399 or 399A. The Court of Appeal stated that having regard to the decision of the FTT in Mr Quarey’s case, that is precisely the step they took, concluding that he did not qualify.
The second stage is to consider the proportionality of deportation, with the public interest held properly in mind. It was noted that it was here the Secretary of State suggested the Tribunal fell into error in Mr Qaurey’s case.
A structured judgment comprising a “balance sheet” serves as a discipline on decision-making, ensuring that the balancing exercise is properly conducted and is transparent to the reader.
Neither the expression of their judgment by the FTT nor the review by an appellate court must be permitted to become a mere “tick-box” exercise. As Elias LJ observed in AM v SSHD  EWCA Civ 1634, the decision of a tribunal is not to be flawed because when giving their reasons, the tribunal fails to repeat “mantra fashion” the separate identified ingredients of the public interest in deporting foreign criminals, or for that matter, fail to recite expressly the statutory origin of the policy of deportation, and that the statutory origin means that the policy is that of Parliament, not “merely” that of the Secretary of State. Nor is there an obligation on a Tribunal to recite all of the key passages from authority.
The Court in Quarey noted that it appeared to them that the Secretary of State would have been satisfied with nothing less than such an anxious parade of learning. The Court considered that would in the end be an unhelpful approach. The matter is one of substance, not appearance.
The Court in Quarey reiterated that the approach has now been clearly set out by Lord Thomas Hasham Ali, but also sought to add as follows: it will be wise for a tribunal, in a suitable case, to set out in their balancing exercise the degree of weight they ascribe to the various factors which arise, on the evidence, both for and against deportation. The decision must be transparent and clearly understood.
The Court of Appeal considered that FTT in the consideration of Mr Quarey’s appeal were alive to the proper considerations. They referred directly to the statutory basis of the obligation on the Secretary of State to deport. They could be taken to have understood that the statute, and thus the obligation, carry the authority of Parliament. They cited the critical passages from MF (Nigeria) , which spell out the point that such a one as Mr Quarey, will only succeed in avoiding deportation “exceptionally”, meaning where there exist “very compelling reasons”. The FTT here also had well in mind the terms of the relevant decision by the Secretary of State. They had a clear view of the facts and the family circumstances. In considering the nature of the public interest in deportation as it affected this case, they made clear that the low risk of future offending was not the only matter of public interest, noting the passage from Judge LJ in N (Kenya) v SSHD  EWCA Civ 1094 , and emphasising the need for deterrence of others. On that basis they reached their conclusion.
In the Court of Appeal’s judgment, the FTT directed themselves to the proper considerations of law.
The FTT chose to demonstrate that it understood the relevant legal considerations by a careful and extended citation from the key paragraphs of the relevant authorities, rather than by seeking to summarise them in their own words, or by setting then out again when applying those considerations to the facts as found. Reading the judgment of the FTT as a whole, the Court considered it to be reasonably clear that those were the considerations applied during the carrying out of the balancing exercise called for by the Article 8 appeal in this case. The Upper Tribunal was therefore correct to conclude that the FTT’s decision was not vitiated by any error of law.
The Secretary of State’s appeal was dismissed.
It therefore appears in summary, that so long as the Tribunal is alive to the proper considerations as per Quarey above and bear in mind the correct approach following the Supreme Court’s decision in Hesham Ali, their decisions should not be readily capable of successful challenge by either party. Having regard to the complex nature of deportation appeals, it remains to be seen how long it will take the First Tier Tribunal, in practice, to be in a position to uniformly and consistently adopt the desired correct approach in individual differing circumstances.
Whether or not First Tier Tribunal Judges are made aware when the individual decisions they make become subject of permission applications, allowing an appeal in relation to someone subject to deportation is simply not enough and does not do justice if the Secretary of State can successfully challenge such a decision resulting in it being overturned for failure to follow the correct legal approach.
This entry was posted in Asylum, Human Rights, Immigration Rules, Removals, Uncategorized and tagged Deportation and children; successfuly resisting deportation;, family, Hesham Ali v Secretary of State for the Home Department  UKSC 60, Quarey,  1 WLR 4799;.. Bookmark the permalink.
Great – That is a nice one .

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