Source: http://www.annalsofhealthlaw.com/annalsofhealthlaw/volume_26_issue_2?pg=11
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 03:44:22+00:00

Document:
17. Stuart J.H. Graham et. al., High Technology Entrepreneurs and the Patent System: Results of the 2008 Berkeley Patent Survey, 24 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 1255, 1286 (2009); Wesley Cohen et al., Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (Or Not) 2, 12 (Nat’l Bureau of Econ. Research, Working Paper No. 7552, 2000).
18. Lisa Larrimore Ouellette, How Many Patents Does It Take to Make A Drug? Follow-on Pharmaceutical Patents and University Licensing, 17 MICH. TELECOMM. & TECH. L. REV. 299, 300–01 (2010).
19. Amy Kapczynski, Chan Park, & Bhaven Sampat, Polymorphs and Prodrugs and Salts (Oh My!): An Empirical Analysis of “Secondary” Pharmaceutical Patents, 7 PLOS ONE 1, 1 (2012), http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0049470.
20. See infra notes 21–22 and accompanying text.
21. 35 U.S. C. § 101 (2012) (“Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.”). The Supreme Court has articulated a number of specific exceptions to the broad text of § 101: “[l]aws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas” are not eligible for patent protection. See Alice Corp. Pty. v. CLS Bank Int’l, 134 S. Ct. 2347, 2354 (2014); see also Mayo Collaborative Servs. v. Prometheus Labs., Inc., 132 S. Ct. 1289, 1293 (2012); Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 309 (1980).
22. CLS Bank Int’l v. Alice Corp. Pty., 717 F.3d 1269, 1274 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (en banc) (Lourie, J., concurring) (per curiam).
24. Id. at 1273–74 (discussing how the en banc Federal Circuit splintered badly, with ten judges issuing seven opinions, none commanding a majority).
25. Id. at 2352 (holding further that “merely requiring generic computer implementation fails to transform [Alice’s] abstract idea into a patent-eligible invention”).

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