Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-7-9782
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 00:05:05+00:00

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Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) provide an easy and cost-effective means of fabricating gratings and have been widely studied in recent decades. To overcome the challenge of orientation controllability, we developed a feasible and efficient method for manipulating the orientation of LIPSS in real time. Specifically, we used orthogonally polarized and equal-energy femtosecond laser (50 fs, 800 nm) double-pulse trains with time delay about 1ps, total peak laser fluence about 1.0 J/cm2, laser repetition frequency at 100 Hz and scanning speed at 150 μm/s to manipulate the LIPSS orientation on silicon surfaces perpendicular to the scanning direction, regardless of the scanning paths. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the periodic energy deposition along the direction of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which can be controlled oriented along the scanning direction in orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser double-pulse trains surface scan processing. An application of structural colors presents the functionality of our method.
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Fig. 1 Experimental setup of fabrication system comprising orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser double-pulse trains.
Fig. 2 SEM images of LIPSS fabricated at different double-pulse polarization angles: (a) 0°, (b) 30°, (c) 60°, and (d) 90°. The time delay was maintained at 1 ps and the peak laser fluence of each double pulse was maintained at 0.50 J/cm2. The horizontally polarized pulse was always secondary to the other pulse. The double-arrow red lines indicate the laser polarization direction. Scale bar: 5 μm.
Fig. 3 (a)-(k) SEM images of LIPSS fabricated using orthogonally polarized femtosecond double-pulse trains. (l) The coordinate system used to determine the scanning direction. The white arrow lines indicate the scanning direction. Scale bar: 5 μm.
Fig. 5 (a), (b) SEM images of the structure fabricated using horizontally polarized single-pulse surface patterning. (c), (d) SEM images of the structure fabricated using vertically polarized single-pulse surface patterning. (e)- (g) A simple model depicting generation of SPPs in different laser polarization surface patterning processes. (h) SEM images of the structure fabricated using orthogonally polarized double-pulse trains. Scale bar, 2 μm.
Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscope images of LIPSS fabricated using multiple time delays between double pulses: (a) 0 fs, (b) 500 fs, (c) 1 ps, (d) 5 ps, (e) 10 ps, (f) 12 ps, (g) 50 ps, and (h) 100 ps. The peak laser fluence of each of the double pulses was maintained at 0.50 J/cm2. Scale bar: 4 μm.
Fig. 7 Structural colors generated using the proposed method. (a), (e), and (i) Schematics of two fabrication plans for LIPSS gratings. (b), (c), (f), (g), (j), and (k) Observed structural colors under white light irradiation in only one direction. (d), (h), and (l) Observed structural colors under white light irradiation in two directions. The white arrows indicate the incident direction of white light. The angle values indicate the angles between white light and the horizontal line. Scale bar: 1.5 mm.

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