Source: http://classic.net.bible.org/passage.php?passage=Isaiah%2034:5-17&amp;tab=arts
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 10:20:32+00:00

Document:
and is covered 6 with the fat of rams’ kidneys.
a bloody 9 slaughter in the land of Edom.
their soil is covered with fat.
her land will become burning pitch.
its smoke will ascend continually.
and no one will ever pass through it again.
all kinds of wild birds 18 will settle in it.
thickets and weeds will grow 23 in her fortified cities.
they will settle in it through successive generations.
1 tn The words “he says” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Lord speaks at this point.
sn In v. 4 the “host of the heaven” refers to the heavenly luminaries (stars and planets, see, among others, Deut 4:19; 17:3; 2 Kgs 17:16; 21:3, 5; 23:4-5; 2 Chr 33:3, 5) that populate the divine/heavenly assembly in mythological and prescientific Israelite thought (see Job 38:7; Isa 14:13). As in 24:21, they are viewed here as opposing God and being defeated in battle.
3 sn Edom is mentioned here as epitomizing the hostile nations that oppose God.
4 tn The verb is a rare Hotpaal passive form. See GKC 150 §54.h.
5 tn The words “it drips” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
6 tn The words “and is covered” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
8 sn The Lord’s judgment of Edom is compared to a bloody sacrificial scene.
9 tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
11 tn Heb “and bulls along with strong ones.” Perhaps this refers to the leaders.
14 tn Heb “her”; the referent (Edom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
16 tn קָאַת (qa’at) refers to some type of bird (cf. Lev 11:18; Deut 14:17) that was typically found near ruins (see Zeph 2:14). קִפּוֹד (qippod) may also refer to a type of bird (NAB “hoot owl”; NIV “screech owl”; TEV “ravens”), but some have suggested a rodent may be in view (cf. NCV “small animals”; ASV “porcupine”; NASB, NRSV “hedgehog”).
17 tn Heb “will possess it” (so NIV).
18 tn The Hebrew text has יַנְשׁוֹף וְעֹרֵב (yanshof vÿ’orev). Both the יַנְשׁוֹף (“owl”; see Lev 11:17; Deut 14:16) and עֹרֵב (“raven”; Lev 11:15; Deut 14:14) were types of wild birds.
19 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
20 tn Heb “stones,” i.e., the stones used in a plumb bob.
21 sn The metaphor in v. 11b emphasizes that God has carefully planned Edom’s demise.
23 tn The words “will grow” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
29 tn Hebrew קִפּוֹז (qippoz) occurs only here; the precise meaning of the word is uncertain.
30 tn For this proposed meaning for Hebrew מָלַט (malat), see HALOT 589 s.v. I מלט.
32 tn The precise meaning of דַּיָּה (dayyah) is uncertain, though the term appears to refer to some type of bird of prey, perhaps a vulture.
sn It is uncertain what particular scroll is referred to here. Perhaps the phrase simply refers to this prophecy and is an admonition to pay close attention to the details of the message.
34 tn Heb “one from these will not be missing.” הֵנָּה (hennah, “these”) is feminine plural in the Hebrew text. It may refer only to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or may include all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
36 tc The Hebrew text reads literally, “for a mouth, it has commanded.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa and a few medieval mss have פִּיהוּ (pihu, “his mouth [has commanded]”), while a few other medieval mss read פִּי יְהוָה (pi yÿhvah, “the mouth of the Lord [has commanded]”).
37 tn Heb “and his spirit, he gathers them.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
38 tn Heb “and he causes the lot to fall for them.” Once again the pronominal suffix (“them”) is feminine plural, referring to the birds mentioned in v. 15b or to all of the creatures listed in vv. 14b-15 (all of which are identified with feminine nouns).
39 tn Heb “and his hand divides for them with a measuring line.” The pronominal suffix (“them”) now switches to masculine plural, referring to all the animals and birds mentioned in vv. 11-15, some of which were identified with masculine nouns. This signals closure for this portion of the speech, which began in v. 11. The following couplet (v. 17b) forms an inclusio with v. 11a through verbal repetition.

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