Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/274/651/
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 20:07:17+00:00

Document:
1 The jurisdiction of this Court to review a judgment of a state court is not affected by the circumstance that the right for which constitutional protection is claimed depends on the state law. P. 274 U. S. 654.
2. When there is no question of evasion of the constitutional issue furnishing the basis for review of the judgment of a state court of last resort, this Court must accept a final the rulings of that court on all matters of state law. P. 274 U. S. 655.
3. The nature and extent of the rights of the state and of riparian owners in navigable waters within the state, and to the soil beneath, are matters of state law to be determined by the statutes and judicial decisions of the state. P. 274 U. S. 655.
4. Where, by the law of the state, a riparian owner on a navigable river, though having title to the bed of the stream, can gain no right in the water power created by erecting a dam without the consent of the state, a refusal by the state to permit maintenance and repair of a dam so erected except upon conditions giving the state an option to acquire in the future, at a noncompensatory price, all the property used and useful under the permit, does not deprive the owner of property in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. P. 274 U. S. 656.
Error to a judgment o the Supreme Court of Wisconsin which sustained, by an equally divided court, dismissal of a suit, in the nature of mandamus, to compel the Railroad Commission to issue to the plaintiffs, permits to repair and maintain a dam under § 31.09 Wis.Stats., 1925.
Plaintiffs in error are riparian owners of land bordering on the Fox River, a navigable stream. They own a dam at Appleton, Wisconsin, which has been maintained since its construction in 1878 without permission from any state authority. Since 1841, the statutes of the territory, and later of the state, have forbidden the building of a dam on any navigable river without legislative consent. Laws 1841, No. 9; R.S. 1849, c. 34; R.S. 1858, c. 41, § 2; 1 Wis.Stat. 1898, c. 70, § 1596; 1 Wis.Stat. 1925, § 30.01(2).
rights and other property as determined by the Commission prior to the time the permit was granted, as provided in subsection (1), plus the amounts paid out for additional flowage rights, if any, acquired after the valuation made by the Commission as provided in subsection (1), and that the applicant waives all right to any further compensation."
Plaintiffs in error petitioned the Commission for permits to maintain and repair their dam, which, they asserted, "does not materially obstruct navigation or violate other public or private rights or endanger life, health or property." The application was rejected by the Commission solely for want of jurisdiction, since the applicants had omitted to file the proposals required by § 31.09. Plaintiffs brought suit in the nature of a mandamus proceeding on the Circuit Court of Dane County, Wisconsin, to compel the Commission to take jurisdiction of the application and to proceed to a hearing. The bill drew in question the validity of § 31.09 under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, alleging that the determination of the Commission acting under the statute operated to deprive plaintiffs of their property without due process of law. The Commission answered, admitting the allegations of fact of the bill, setting up that plaintiffs' dam had been constructed and was maintained without a permit from the state, and that the application had been dismissed for want of jurisdiction. The trial court gave final judgment on the pleadings for defendant in error, upholding the validity of this act. The Supreme Court of Wisconsin affirmed by an evenly divided court. 189 Wis. 626. The case is here on writ of error. Judicial Code, § 237(a), as amended.
of this Court. Our jurisdiction is not affected because the existence of the right for which constitutional protection is claimed depends upon state law. Cf. West Chicago R. Co. v. Chicago, 201 U. S. 506; Ward v. Love County, 253 U. S. 17, 253 U. S. 22; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Ry. v. Illinois, 200 U. S. 561; Appleby v. City of New York, 271 U. S. 364, 271 U. S. 380.
Plaintiffs' case rests on the contention that, by the law of Wisconsin, the rights vested in riparian owners include the right to use the water power, and, for that purpose, to dam the river, subject only to the exercise by the state of its police power to regulate the use of navigable waters in the public interest, and to protect public health and safety; that to withhold from plaintiffs, as the state does under the statute, the right to use their own property unless they agree to surrender it to the state at a price which may prove at the time of transfer to be less than its true value, is a taking of property without due process, prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment.
We do not pass upon the sufficiency of the compensation provided for by the statute. For the purpose of decision, it may be assumed that the recapture provisions go too far if the rights of plaintiffs are as described. Hence, the point first to be determined is whether plaintiffs' description is accurate. The trial court, the only state court to express an opinion on this question, held that the right of the riparian owner to make use of the water power in a navigable river by maintaining a dam is subordinate to the plenary power of the state to regulate the use or obstruction of navigable waters; that the state may forbid all obstruction by dam or otherwise; hence, the right of the riparian owner to develop water power by the construction of the dam remains inchoate until the state has given its consent.
grant such permission upon such terms as it shall determine will best protect the interests of the public. The legislature could impose the condition that the dam should be removed when it obstructed navigation or that it should be removed at the end of a definite period of time, for example, 30 years."
contends that, in any case, the rights of plaintiffs are subordinate to the state control of navigable waters, and as was held in effect by the state court in this case, the riparian owner can have no right in the water power created by damming a navigable river, so long as the state withholds its consent to the construction or maintenance of the dam. Wisconsin River Improvement Co. v. Lyons, supra, 67.
Co. v. La Crosse Co., 54 Wis. 659; United States v. Chandler-Dunbar Co., 229 U. S. 53.
We accept as conclusive the state court's view of the nature of the rights of riparian owners. We therefore find in the refusal of the Commission to grant the permit no denial of the property rights of plaintiffs and hence no violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Compliance with § 31.09 is the price which plaintiffs must pay to secure the right to maintain their dam. Cf. Booth Fisheries v. Industrial Commission, 271 U. S. 208.

References: § 31
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