Source: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Cameroon
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 03:52:02+00:00

Document:
U.S. Dept. of State, Background Note: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm, Jan. 1, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 17, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 23, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004-2005.
 Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon, art. 1 (3), Law No. 96-06, dated Jan. 18, 1996, amending the Constitution of Jun. 2, 1972 & Law No. 2008/001, dated Apr. 14, 2008, modifying and completing certain provisions of Law No. 96-06. U.S. Dept. of State, Background Note: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26431.htm, Jan. 1, 2012.
 RACOPEM (Cameroonian Network of Lawyers Against the Death Penalty, email to DPW, DPW Cameroon Doc. E-1, Aug. 6, 2018.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2009, p. 22, ACT 50/001/2010, Mar. 30, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2008, p. 18, ACT 50/003/2009, Mar. 24, 2009.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2007, pp. 7-8, ACT 50/001/2008, Apr. 15, 2008.
Murder committed by poisoning  or in order to further an offence,  murder of a child 15 years old or younger,  and murder of ascendants  are punishable by death.
Premeditated murder  is punishable by death.
Theft committed with violence and leading to death,  and abduction of a minor younger than 21 years old resulting in the death of that minor  are punishable by death.
By the end of our research, we were unable to locate the statutes applicable to criminal military justice.
No. Under Articles 90 and 91 of the Penal Code, the death penalty can be commuted to 10 years’ imprisonment if the court finds mitigating circumstances, except when the acceptance of mitigating circumstances is expressly excluded by law.  We found no statutory language excluding Articles 90 and 91 for any death-eligible offense.
The Supreme Court held on Jan. 9, 1975 that Article 320 excluded the application of Article 90 for aggravated theft;  however, in the 2004 version of the Penal Code, Article 320 did not expressly exclude the application of Article 90. We were not able to find the wording of Article 320 at the time of the 1975 decision, but because articles in other laws (including a now-abrogated death penalty offense) do expressly exclude Article 90,  and because Articles 90 and 91 refer to a statutory exclusion, we believe that the death penalty is no longer mandatory for aggravated theft.
Cameroon has no mandatory death penalty. Under Articles 90 and 91 of the Penal Code, the death penalty can be commuted to 10 years’ imprisonment if the court finds mitigating circumstances, except when the acceptance of mitigating circumstances is expressly excluded by law.  We found no statutory language excluding Articles 90 and 91 for any death-eligible offense.
Under Articles 80 and 87 of the Penal Code, the maximum punishment for children older than 14 and younger than 18 is 2 to 10 years’ imprisonment.  Cameroon is party to the ICCPR  and to the Convention on the Rights of the Child  which prohibit the execution of individuals for crimes committed when under the age of 18.
Under Section 22(3) of the Penal Code, a pregnant woman can be executed only after she has given birth to her child.  Additionally, Cameroon is party to the ICCPR,  which prohibits the execution of pregnant women.
Article 44 of the Penal Code provides that a “mentally disabled” person sentenced to at least 2 years’ imprisonment may instead be confined in a mental health institution for a maximum of 5 years.  The provision does not specify whether this alternative is available to death-sentenced persons.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 276(1)(b), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 276(1)(c), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 350 in conjunction with art. 275, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 351 in conjunction with art. 275 , Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 276(1)(a), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 320(2), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 354 in conjunction with arts. 352-353, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Law on the Punishment of Offenses Against Civil Aviation (Loi portant répression des infractions et actes dirigés contre la sécurité de l’aviation civile), art. 10 in conjunction with arts. 3-4, Law No. 2001/019, Dec. 19, 2001.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 102, 103, 111, 112, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 103, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 156(5), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 94-95, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 236, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), pp. 25-26, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 90-91, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Decision 117/P of the Supreme Court of Cameroon, Jan. 9, 1975, mentioned in the commentary to art. 320 of the Penal Code of Cameroon, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Law on Toxic and Dangerous Waste (Loi portant sur les déchets toxiques et dangereux), art. 4, Law No. 89/27 dated Dec. 29, 1989, as amended by Law No. 96-12 dated Aug. 5, 1996.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 90-91, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended until Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Decision 117/P of the Supreme Court of Cameroon, Jan. 9, 1975, mentioned under art. 320 of the Penal Code of Cameroon, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended until Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Loi portant sur les déchets toxiques et dangereux, art. 4, Law No. 89/27 dated Dec. 29, 1989, as amended by Law No. 96-12 dated Aug. 5, 1996.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 80, 87, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, Nov. 20, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=UNTSONLINE&tabid=2&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4〈=en#Participants, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 22(3), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 African Union, Signatories, Accessions, and Ratifications, African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Doc. 0003, http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/96Welfare_of_the_Child.pdf, Jan. 27, 2011O.A.U, List of Countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the Protocol to The African Charter On The Rights And Welfare Of The Child, Doc. 0003, http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/List/African%20Charter%20on%20the%20Rights%20and%20Welfare%20of%20the%20Child.pdf, Mar. 1, 2010.
 O.U.A, African Charter On The Rights And Welfare Of The Child, art. 30(e), O.A.U. Doc. CAB/LEG/24.9/49, Jul. 11, 1990.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 44, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 371, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 78, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, arts. 78, 87, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
The Preamble (which under Article 65 is an integral part of the Constitution) states the people of Cameroon’s attachment to the principle that “every person has a right to life, to physical and moral integrity and to humane treatment in all circumstances” without qualification.  The Preamble adds that “[u]nder no circumstances shall any person be subjected to torture, or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishments.”  The Constitution does not mention the death penalty.
No; nor is there an unofficial moratorium in the form of a systematic policy of commutations.
As of Feb. 28, 2012, we did not locate any significant recent cases on the death penalty.
 Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon, Preamble & art. 65, Law No. 96-06, dated Jan. 18, 1996, amending the Constitution of Jun. 2, 1972 & Law No. 2008/001, dated Apr. 14, 2008, modifying and completing certain provisions of Law No. 96-06.
 Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon, art. 45, Law No. 96-06, dated Jan. 18, 1996, amending the Constitution of Jun. 2, 1972 & Law No. 2008/001, dated Apr. 14, 2008, modifying and completing certain provisions of Law No. 96-06.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 2(1), Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 17, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010. Amnesty Intl., Human Rights in Republic of Cameroon Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2009, last accessed Oct. 26, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2010, p. 5, ACT 50/001/2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2011/en/ea1b6b25-a62a-4074-927d-ba51e88df2e9/act500012011en.pdf, Mar. 28, 2011.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Compte rendu analytique de la 2726e séance, Examen des rapports soumis par les États parties conformément à l’article 40 du Pacte (suite), Quatrième rapport périodique du Cameroun (suite), para. 23, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/SR.2726, Aug. 8, 2010.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 22, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 16, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Compte rendu analytique de la 2726e séance, Examen des rapports soumis par les États parties conformément à l’article 40 du Pacte (suite), Quatrième rapport périodique du Cameroun (suite), para. 14, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/SR.2726, Aug. 8, 2010.
 Roger Hood & Carolyn Hoyle, The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective, p. 75, Oxford University Press, 4th ed., 2008 (citing a 2006 Amnesty Intl. report).
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Fourth Periodic Reports Of States Parties, Cameroon, para. 122, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/4, May 11, 2009.
 Amnesty Intl., Human Rights in Republic of Cameroon Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2009, last accessed Oct. 26, 2010Feb. 28, 2012. La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, La peine de mort – Cameroun, http://www.peinedemort.org/National/pays.php?pays=105, last accessed Oct. 26, 2010Feb. 28, 2012. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 17, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, La peine de mort – Cameroun, http://www.peinedemort.org/National/pays.php?pays=105, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. Pamela Bidjocka, President Paul Biya Signs Decree to Commute and Remit Sentences, Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV), http://www.crtv.cm/cont/nouvelles/nouvelles_sola_fr.php?idField=6949&table=nouvelles⊂=national, May 21, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, pp. 46-47, ACT 50/001/2012, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/001/2012/en, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. Amnesty Intl., Human Rights in Republic of Cameroon Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2009, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. Roger Hood & Carolyn Hoyle, The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective, p. 75, Oxford University Press, 4th ed., 2008 (citing a 2006 Amnesty Intl. report). Pamela Bidjocka, President Paul Biya Signs Decree to Commute and Remit Sentences, Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV), http://www.crtv.cm/cont/nouvelles/nouvelles_sola_fr.php?idField=6949&table=nouvelles⊂=national, May 21, 2010. La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, La peine de mort – Cameroun, http://www.peinedemort.org/National/pays.php?pays=105, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2010, p. 35, ACT 50/001/2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/001/2011/en/ea1b6b25-a62a-4074-927d-ba51e88df2e9/act500012011en.pdf, Mar. 28, 2011.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Universal Periodic Review, Report Of The Working Group On The Universal Periodic Review, Cameroon, Addendum, Opinions On The Conclusions And/Or Recommendations, Voluntary Commitments And Responses Submitted By The State Reviewed, p. 5, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/11/21/Add.1, Jun. 9, 2009.
 Penal Code of Cameroon, art. 22, Laws No. 65-LF-24 of Nov. 12, 1965 and No. 67-LF-1 of Jun. 12, 1967, as amended through to until Jun. 10, 2004, published in Samuel Ngue, Code Pénal, Minos, 3rd ed., 2004. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 16, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 Charles Manga Fombad, Researching Cameroonian Law, Globalex, http://www.nyulawglobal.com/globalex/Cameroon1.htm, Feb. 2011.
 Charles Manga Fombad, Researching Cameroonian Law, Globalex, http://www.nyulawglobal.com/globalex/Cameroon1.htm, Feb. 2011Sep. 2009.
 Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon, art. 8(7), Law No. 96-06, dated Jan. 18, 1996, amending the Constitution of Jun. 2, 1972 & Law No. 2008/001, dated Apr. 14, 2008, modifying and completing certain provisions of Law No. 96-06.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Réponses du gouvernement du Cameroun à la liste des points à traiter (CCPR/C/CMR/Q/4) à l’occasion de l’examen du quatrième rapport périodique du Cameroun (CCPR/C/CMR/4), para. 89, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/Q/4/Add.1, May 3, 2010. U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Compte rendu analytique de la 2726e séance, Examen des rapports soumis par les États parties conformément à l’article 40 du Pacte (suite), Quatrième rapport périodique du Cameroun (suite), para. 23, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/SR.2726, Aug. 8, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Human Rights in Republic of Cameroon Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2009, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, La peine de mort – Cameroun, http://www.peinedemort.org/National/pays.php?pays=105, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012. GeED et al., Cameroon: NGO report on the implementation of the ICCPR (Replies to the List of Issues CCPR/C/CMR/Q4), p. 17, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/GeED_Cameroon_HRC99.pdf, Jun. 2010.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154335.htm, Apr. 8, 2011.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 407, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, secs. 427, 429, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 436, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005. Law on the Organization of the Judiciary (Loi portant organisation judiciaire), art. 22, Law No. 2006/015, Dec. 29, 2006.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 472, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005. See sec. 485 of the Criminal Procedure Code and art. 35 of the Law on the organisation of the Supreme Court, Law No. 2006/016, Dec. 29, 2006, for the grounds of appeal to the Supreme Court.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 535, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 537(2), Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, secs. 538, 541, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
While we did not find any prison reports concerning death-sentenced prisoners, numerous sources report harsh and life-threatening prison conditions in Cameroon.
As of February 2012, we did not find any reports of individuals currently under sentence of death who may have been under the age of 18 at the time the crime was committed.
 Lilian Manka Chenwi, Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa: a human rights perspective, p. 236, http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/unrestricted/05chapter5.pdf, May 2005.
 Helen Namondo Linonge, The dynamics of prison administration and prison reform in Cameroon, p. 45, Cameroon Journal on Democracy and Human Rights, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 45, Jun. 2010. U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154335.htm, Apr. 8, 2011.
 Intl. Center for Prison Studies, World Prison Brief: Cameroon, http://www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/wpb_country.php?country=7, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 Helen Namondo Linonge, The dynamics of prison administration and prison reform in Cameroon, p. 45, Cameroon Journal on Democracy and Human Rights, Vol. 4, No. 1, Jun. 2010. U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154335.htm, Apr. 8, 2011.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154335.htm, Apr. 8, 2011. Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Human Rights in Republic of Cameroon Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2009, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Cameroon, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154335.htm, Apr. 8, 2011. Lilian Manka Chenwi, Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa: a human rights perspective, p. 237, http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/unrestricted/05chapter5.pdf, May 2005. Amnesty Intl., Annual Human Rights Report 2011: Cameroon, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cameroon/report-2011, last accessed Feb. 28, 2012.
 Assongmo Necdem, Ntui : Une femme condamnée à mort pour assassinat, Le Jour, http://www.cameroun-online.com/actualite,actu-11559.html, Aug. 11, 2009.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary Prepared By The Office Of The High Commissioner For Human Rights, In Accordance With Paragraph 15 (C) Of The Annex To Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 Cameroon, para. 21, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/4/CMR/3, Nov. 24, 2008. U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Manfred Nowak, Addendum, Follow-up to the recommendations made by the Special Rapporteur Visits to Azerbaijan, Brazil, Cameroon, China (People’s Republic of), Denmark, Georgia, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Mongolia, Nepal, Nigeria, Paraguay, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Spain, Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan and Togo, p. 28, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/13/39/Add.6, Feb. 26, 2010.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 417(2), Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Nchunu Justice Sama, Providing Legal Aid in Criminal Justice in Cameroon: the Role of Lawyers, in Penal Reform Intl. & Bluhm Legal Clinic of the Northwestern University School of Law, Access to Justice in Africa and Beyond, Making the Rule of Law a Reality, pp. 156-157, Penal Reform International, 2007.
 Nchunu Justice Sama, Providing Legal Aid in Criminal Justice in Cameroon: the Role of Lawyers, in Penal Reform Intl. & Bluhm Legal Clinic of the Northwestern University School of Law, Access to Justice in Africa and Beyond, Making the Rule of Law a Reality, p. 161, Penal Reform International, 2007.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 490, Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary Prepared By The Office Of The High Commissioner For Human Rights, In Accordance With Paragraph 15 (C) Of The Annex To Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 Cameroon, para. 11, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/4/CMR/3, Nov. 24, 2008.
 Criminal Procedure Code of Cameroon, sec. 30 (2), Law No. 2005/007, Jul. 27, 2005.
 Jean-Louis Atangana Amougou, Les tribunaux militaires et juridictions d’exception au Cameroun, published in Élisabeth Lambert Abdelgawad, Juridictions Militaires et Tribunaux d’Exception en Mutation: Perspectives Comparées et Internationales, p. 96, Editions des archives contemporaines, 2007.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Cameroon, para. 14, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/CO/4, Aug. 4, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Cameroon, para. 17, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/CO/4, Aug. 4, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Cameroon, para. 20, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/CO/4, Aug. 4, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Cameroon, para. 21, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/CO/4, Aug. 4, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Cameroon, para. 23, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/CMR/CO/4, Aug. 4, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Universal Periodic Review Report Of The Working Group On The Universal Periodic Review Cameroon, para. 76(21), U.N. Doc. A/HRC/11/21, http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session4/CM/A_HRC_11_21_CMR_E.pdf, Mar. 3, 2009.
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