Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-10-4-1760
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 12:22:17+00:00

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We present a finger-mounted quantitative micro-elastography (QME) probe, capable of measuring the elasticity of biological tissue in a format that avails of the dexterity of the human finger. Finger-mounted QME represents the first demonstration of a wearable elastography probe. The approach realizes optical coherence tomography-based elastography by focusing the optical beam into the sample via a single-mode fiber that is fused to a length of graded-index fiber. The fiber is rigidly affixed to a 3D-printed thimble that is mounted on the finger. Analogous to manual palpation, the probe compresses the tissue through the force exerted by the finger. The resulting deformation is measured using optical coherence tomography. Elasticity is estimated as the ratio of local stress at the sample surface, measured using a compliant layer, to the local strain in the sample. We describe the probe fabrication method and the signal processing developed to achieve accurate elasticity measurements in the presence of motion artifact. We demonstrate the probe’s performance in motion-mode scans performed on homogeneous, bi-layer and inclusion phantoms and its ability to measure a thermally-induced increase in elasticity in ex vivo muscle tissue. In addition, we demonstrate the ability to acquire 2D images with the finger-mounted probe where lateral scanning is achieved by swiping the probe across the sample surface.
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Fig. 1 Finger-mounted QME probe (a) photograph, (b) schematic with inset showing the fiber probe and optical adhesive. (c) Beam profile of Probe 2 compared to an ideal Gaussian beam.
Fig. 2 (a) OCT M-mode, (b) axial displacement, and (c) tangent modulus maps plotted over time. In (b) and (c), the compliant layer (CL) is masked in black. (d) Stress-strain curve of the compliant layer material and (e) tangent modulus plot measured with increasing stress in a phantom, evaluated from tangent modulus map shown in (c).
Fig. 3 (a) Block diagram representation of the filtering scheme used to reduce hand motion artifacts. (b) M-mode scan illustrating discarded A-scans in cyan. (c) The filtered OCT image.
Fig. 4 Mean tangent moduli measured in five homogeneous phantoms of varying elasticity (blue dots) compared to expected values measured with uniaxial compression (red line). The error bars show one standard deviation.
Fig. 5 Finger-mounted QME on a bi-layer phantom. (a) M-mode OCT image showing the compliant layer (CL), soft layer (Layer 1) and stiff layer (Layer 2) and (b) OCT SNR with depth averaged over 50 A-scans, where the green diamond indicates the upper layer boundary and the yellow triangle indicates the lower. (c) Corresponding elastogram with ROIs overlaid (CL masked in black) and (d) tangent modulus vs depth with diamond and triangles representing the same boundaries as in (b). Both (b) and (d) were taken over the A-scan corresponding with the red lines in (a) and (c). (e) Measured tangent moduli of Layer 1 (blue) and Layer 2 (orange) layers plotted on the same axes as the respective expected measurements, acquired through uniaxial compression.
Fig. 6 OCT M-mode scans of (a) raw kangaroo muscle and (b) the same region of tissue after being cooked for four minutes. The elastograms of (c) the raw and (d) the cooked muscle with ROIs represented by dotted lines (CL masked in black). (e) Tangent modulus measurements for the ROIs in the cooked and raw sample.
Fig. 7 (a) 2D-OCT scan over a stiff silicone inclusion embedded within a soft silicone bulk and (b) the corresponding 2D elasticity map with the x-axis given in seconds (CL masked in black).

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