Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/350/155/
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 12:55:01+00:00

Document:
Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 350 › Teamsters Union v. N.Y., N.H. & H. R. Co.
America v. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co.
An interstate railroad which engaged in hauling loaded truck-trailers "piggy-back" brought an action in a state court to enjoin a labor union from conduct which interfered with such operation and which allegedly violated the Labor Management Relations Act. Employees of motor carriers with which the union had collective bargaining agreements had been persuaded by agents of the union to refrain from delivering loaded trailers to the railroad for "piggybacking." The union was not concerned in any way with the railroad's labor policy, nor was there any claim that the union interfered in any manner with the railroad's employees.
Held: the case is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board, the railroad may seek any remedy it may have before said Board under the Labor Management Relations Act, and the state court had no authority to enjoin the union's conduct. Pp. 350 U. S. 156-161.
(a) A railroad subject to the Railway Labor Act is not precluded from seeking the aid of the National Labor Relations Board in circumstances unrelated to the railroad's relations with its own employees. Pp. 350 U. S. 158-161.
(b) The question whether there was a violation of the Labor Management Relations Act is for the National Labor Relations Board to determine. P. 350 U. S. 161.
(c) Even if the union's conduct is not prohibited by § 8 of the Labor Management Relations Act, it may come within the protection of § 7, in which case the State is not free to enjoin the conduct. P. 350 U. S. 161.
(d) Weber v. Anheuer-Busch, Inc., 348 U. S. 468, followed. P. 350 U. S. 161.
331 Mass. 720,122 N.E.2d 759, reversed.
Respondent railroad has, since 1937, engaged in hauling, between Boston, Massachusetts, and other points in New England, loaded trailers of the type ordinarily hauled over the highways by motor carriers. This operation is popularly known as "piggy-backing." Trailers to be shipped from Boston are delivered to respondent's freight yard by employees of the motor carriers. There, they are detached from the tractors and driven by special devices onto respondent's flatcars by employees of New England Transportation Co., a motor carrier, which is a subsidiary of respondent. The trailers are secured to the flatcars by respondent's employees.
the entrance to respondent's Yard 5, where trailers are delivered for "piggy-back" operations.
On July 11, 12, and 14, 1952, Norton and McCarthy stopped a number of truck-drawn trailers owned by carriers with whom petitioner union had collective bargaining agreements and persuaded the drivers to refrain from delivering the trailers to respondent. Employees of New England Transportation Co. were persuaded by Norton and McCarthy not to load previously delivered trailers onto respondent's flatcars.
". . . the individual respondents and the respondent union prevented the loading of trailers on flat cars and enforced a boycott against petitioner and a withholding of patronage and services by motor truck carriers and shippers."
"The petitioner is informed and believes that the object of the acts committed by the respondents on July 11, 12, and 14, 1952, as set forth in paragraphs '8' and '9' of this complaint, was to force or require the petitioner to cease handling and transportation the products of various shippers and motor carriers who employ petitioner's flat car service."
"The said acts were and are intended to compel shippers and motor truck carriers to assign work to members of the respondent union, and to thereby commit an unfair labor practice in violation of the National Labor Relations Act; and "
"The said acts were intended to and did, in fact, result in an unlawful secondary boycott in violation of the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and of Section 8(b)(4)(A) of the National Labor Relations Act; . . . [Footnote 1]"
After hearing, a permanent injunction was granted and, on appeal, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts affirmed. New York, N.H. & H. R. Co. v. Jenkins, 331 Mass. 720, 122 N.E.2d 759. We granted certiorari to determine whether the state court had jurisdiction to enjoin the petitioners' conduct or whether its jurisdiction had been preempted by the authority vested in the National Labor Relations Board. 348 U.S. 969.
Resolution of this question depends upon (1) whether respondent, as a railroad subject to the Railway Labor Act, may avail itself of the processes of the NLRB, and, (2) if respondent may do so, was it required, in the circumstances of this case, to seek relief from that tribunal, rather than from the state courts.
commerce, [Footnote 2] determined that it had jurisdiction in this controversy to restrain petitioners' conduct because the Labor Management Relations Act's definition of "employer," as interpreted by the NLRB, cast doubt upon respondent's ability to obtain relief under that Act.
its employees. The Massachusetts court found that petitioner union was in no way concerned with respondent's labor policy, nor was there any claim that the union interfered in any manner whatsoever with the railroad employees.
the Railway Labor Act; and (3) to minimize "diversities and conflicts likely to result from a variety of local procedures and attitudes toward labor controversies." Garner v. Teamsters Union, 346 U. S. 485, 346 U. S. 490.
"But where the moving party itself alleges unfair labor practices, where the facts reasonably bring the controversy within the sections prohibiting these practices, and where the conduct, if not prohibited by the federal Act, may be reasonably deemed to come within the protection afforded by that Act, the state court must decline jurisdiction in deference to the tribunal which Congress has selected for determining such issues in the first instance."
We therefore hold that the question presented by the facts in this case brings it within the jurisdiction of the NLRB, whose jurisdiction is exclusive, and the respondent railroad may seek any remedy it may have before said Board.
"(4) to engage in, or to induce or encourage the employees of any employer to engage in, a strike or a concerted refusal in the course of their employment to use, manufacture, process, transport, or otherwise handle or work on any goods, articles, materials, or commodities or to perform any services, where an object thereof is: (A) forcing or requiring any employer or self-employed person to join any labor or employer organization or any employer or other person to cease using, selling, handling, transporting, or otherwise dealing in the products of any other producer, processor, or manufacturer, or to cease doing business with any other person; . . ."
61 Stat. 141, 29 U.S.C. § 158(b)(4)(A).
Garner v. Teamsters Union, 346 U. S. 485; Weber v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc., 348 U. S. 468.
"(2) The term 'employer' includes any person acting as an agent of an employer, directly or indirectly, but shall not include the United States or any wholly owned Government corporation, or any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof, or any corporation or association operating a hospital, if no part of the net earnings inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, or any person subject to the Railway Labor Act, as amended from time to time, or any labor organization (other than when acting as an employer), or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization."
44 Stat. 577, as amended, 45 U.S.C. § 151.
"(1) The term 'person' includes one or more individuals, labor organizations, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, or receivers."

References: v. 
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 § 151