Source: https://es.scribd.com/document/389627383/Secure-Messaging-Lawsuit
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 11:37:01+00:00

Document:
8 subject matter of the Complaint under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a).
12 among other things, virtual private network (VPN) and secure messaging technologies.
21 dispute amicably before filing this lawsuit.
27 patented technologies in its then-existing and additional products and services.
2 infringement of MPH’s patent rights.
10 the ‘949 Patent is attached as Exhibit A.
14 Office (“the ‘397 Patent”). A copy of the ‘397 Patent is attached as Exhibit B.
18 (“the ‘494 Patent”). A copy of the ‘494 Patent is attached as Exhibit C.
22 (“the ‘502 Patent”). A copy of the ‘502 Patent is attached as Exhibit D.
26 Office (“the ‘362 Patent”). A copy of the ‘362 Patent is attached as Exhibit E.
2 Trademark Office (“the ‘810 Patent”). A copy of the ‘810 Patent is attached as Exhibit F.
6 Office (“the ‘581 Patent”). A copy of the ‘581 Patent is attached as Exhibit G.
10 ‘302 Patent”). A copy of the ‘302 Patent is attached as Exhibit H.
15 technology leader in the area of mobile communication security.
22 Britain and elsewhere in Europe.
28 hence, from one network to another.
among other things. These technologies are crucial to. 23 PERSONAL JURISDICTION AND VENUE 24 24. 28 4 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . allowing corporate or 16 enterprise VPN users to move freely with mobile devices while ensuring uninterrupted and secure 17 VPN connectivity over often unsecure networks. is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the 19 State of California. 20 95014. 18 22. Defendant Apple Inc. among other things. Apple has sold and provided products and services in the United States that are 22 accused of infringing one or more of the patents being asserted in this lawsuit. Computer World listed Avecra Oy as one of the “Top 25 2 Wireless Innovators. institutions in the Finnish public sector (such as governmental offices and universities). Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 5 of 42 1 18. which is managed by former officers of Netseal Oy and Netseal 10 Mobility Technologies – NMT Oy. Netseal Oy assets were purchased and incorporated into Netseal Mobility 8 Technologies – NMT Oy. Apple is registered to do business in the State of California. 27 and Apple has designated an agent for service of process in the State of California. Apple 25 regularly conducts business in California and this District. MPH’s patented technologies have been adopted and 13 utilized by mobile and secure communications industries. Netseal’s technology was implemented in over sixty installations. the United Kingdom. and elsewhere in Europe. MPH has continued its business of developing and licensing network mobility and 12 security technologies developed by Netseal. By 2004. A number of these patented technologies 14 have been adopted by these industries and incorporated into their product lines as standard or 15 “default” features. including 4 national and regional information and communications technology (ICT) providers in Norway and 5 Finland. California. 21 23. In a September 2001 article. with its principal place of business at 1 Infinite Loop. 7 20.” specifically attributing this innovation to the use of Netseal’s technology. Netseal’s patented technologies were later assigned from Netseal Mobility 9 Technologies – NMT Oy to MPH. 3 19. Cupertino. 11 21. and 6 the mobile workforce in Finland. Apple maintains its principal place of 26 business in California and this District. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Apple because.
respectively. MPH informed Apple of its ongoing 15 infringement of the ‘810 Patent. MPH also provided 16 detailed claim charts for the ‘581 and ‘810 Patents showing the relevance of the MPH patents to 17 Apple’s products. and Apple has committed acts of infringement and has a regular and 4 established place of business in this District. 2016. iPhones and 28 iPads. In this October 18. 2016. MPH wrote 10 to Apple’s patent acquisitions executive to discuss Apple’s evaluation of and interest in obtaining 11 rights to MPH’s patents. MPH first notified Apple of MPH’s patents through a series of email exchanges 7 between MPH and Apple. §§ 1391 and 1400(b) because a 2 substantial part of the events giving rise to the claims occurred in this judicial District. 5 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 27 including its iOS and OS X/macOS devices such as its desktop and laptop computers.544. further showing the relevance of the MPH patents to Apple’s products. 5 PRIOR DEALINGS BETWEEN APPLE AND MPH 6 26. On November 22. 2016 communication. including Apple’s adoption of “MOBIKE” technologies (IETF RFC 4555) in its 18 iOS and OS X/macOS devices and services. as a follow up to their July 15. Apple resides 3 in this judicial District. 13/685. starting on July 1. 9 27. On October 18. The initial exchange of emails between MPH and 8 Apple led to a phone call with Apple’s patent acquisitions executive on July 15.C. MPH also notified Apple of the existence of then- 19 pending Application No. 2016. which has since issued as the ‘397 Patent. 2016. 14 28. 2016. 22 29. MPH provided detailed claim charts for the ‘302 Patent and 25 ‘949 Patent regarding Apple’s Always-On VPN feature and iMessage end-to-end encryption 26 functionality. Venue is proper in this judicial district under 28 U. Apple’s patent acquisitions executive referred MPH to Apple’s 23 in-house patent counsel to handle MPH’s inquiry. and ‘949 Patent. As requested by Apple. MPH provided Apple with additional 12 background information on MPH and explained in detail the applicability of MPH’s patented 13 technologies to Apple’s business. On October 18. in the letter. ‘581 Patent. 2016 conversation. MPH offered to 20 engage in discussions for an amicable resolution for Apple’s use of the patented technologies of 21 MPH. ‘302 Patent. 24 30.S. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 6 of 42 1 25.
2016. 2017. 4 32. MPH also 26 provided Apple with a copy of published U. Patent Application No. stating that its letter merely “sets forth a 12 high level summary of our investigation. which later issued as the ‘397 Patent. Apple’s counsel wrote to MPH indicating that Apple would 2 review the submitted materials and that “a face-to-face meeting would be helpful” after Apple 3 completed its initial assessment. 13/685. MPH also provided Apple with a detailed claim 18 chart mapping allowed claim 1 of U. MPH promptly responded to Apple’s March 30. and reiterating conclusory assertions of alleged non- 23 infringement and invalidity previously made by Apple and rebutted by MPH.S. On November 29.544 to Apple’s iMessage 19 platform. Apple’s counsel wrote to MPH requesting a substantive 22 discussion. 6 33. Patent Application 6 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . MPH also informed Apple that MPH’s U.544 (Patent Application 27 Publication No. MPH responded to Apple’s assertions made in Apple’s February 18.” Apple qualified its response. 24 36. or 13 other defenses in the interests of brevity. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 7 of 42 1 31. Apple’s counsel further responded to MPH’s prior correspondence through a letter 7 dated February 18. either by phone or in person. their prosecution history. 2017 letter and 25 again refuted Apple’s vague and conclusory assertions of non-infringement and invalidity. On December 15.S. 15 34. On March 30. 9 the information you provided. 2017 letter with a 16 detailed response letter on March 6. Patent Application No. MPH again invited Apple to engage in further discussions so that an amicable resolution 20 could be achieved. The letter included conclusory assertions of non-infringement and 8 invalidity while stating that Apple had “carefully reviewed the five patents. 2017. US 2017/0093580 A9). Apple’s counsel sent a letter to MPH indicating that Apple 5 was analyzing MPH’s patents and the additional documentation provided by MPH.” Apple invited MPH to “provide a detailed explanation of 14 your position” in the event MPH disagreed with Apple’s assessment. which explained why Apple’s conclusory assertions of 17 alleged non-infringement and invalidity lacked merit. On April 7. and we reserve any omitted non-infringement.S.” Apple’s letter stated that it did not 10 “believe a license is required. 13/685. 2017. 2017. as the asserted patents are not infringed and/or invalid as MPH appears 11 to be interpreting the claims. invalidity. as well as the 28 corresponding Notice of Allowance. and other relevant materials. 21 35. 2016.
2017. Apple and MPH continued discussions on whether Apple was interested in obtaining 10 a license to MPH’s patents during their May 5. Apple’s counsel has not provided any response to MPH’s July 18. 15/376. 16 40. US 2017/0099266 A1 and the Notice of Allowance.208 had been published (Patent Application Publication No. May 17. 2017. however. 4 37. 7 38. MPH also provided a copy 6 of U.S. respectively. and indicated that Apple would respond to that communication. 12 39. 15/376. 2017. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 8 of 42 1 No. Apple (through its in-house and outside counsel) and MPH subsequently discussed 8 whether Apple was interested in obtaining a license to MPH’s patents during a May 3. As of the filing of this Complaint. however. As of the filing of 22 this Complaint. Apple has not met with 27 MPH after its initial or subsequent review of the patents. 15/372. On July 18. Apple’s counsel acknowledged their receipt of MPH’s July 18. file histories and claim charts provided by 28 MPH. That same day. 24 42. MPH’s counsel notified Apple’s counsel of their 18 issuance. On April 19. the patent file histories and the materials provided by MPH. MPH also provided claim charts comparing claims of the issued patents to Apple’s 19 iMessage and FaceTime services. Contrary to its representation that a “face-to-face meeting would be helpful” after its 25 initial review of MPH’s submissions and its representations to MPH that it had carefully reviewed 26 MPH’s patents. During the May 2017 licensing discussions.558 issued as the ‘494 17 Patent and ‘502 Patent. 2017 9 teleconference. 7 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . MPH informed Apple that MPH’s Application No. 2017 21 communication.208 and No. 2017 and May 31.558 had 5 recently been allowed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. 15/372. Patent Application Publication No. On July 19. 2017 23 communication. 2017. Applications No. US 2017/0093799 A1) and 2 was allowed by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Apple’s counsel indicated that Apple was 13 preparing and would shortly send an analysis concerning alleged invalidity of one or more of MPH’s 14 patents based on prior art. 2017 11 teleconferences. MPH provided a copy of this 3 publication and Notice of Allowance. 20 41. Apple has not sent such an 15 analysis to MPH.
Tim Cook. RPX paid $900 6 million to purchase a portfolio of 4. 13 46. stated that Apple handles several billion iMessages per day. 3 contacted MPH ostensibly on behalf of and for the benefit of Apple. Apple has had a close business 5 relationship and engaged in numerous business dealings with RPX. 8 Apple. Instead. Apple claims that even Apple itself is unable to 8 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Apple has chosen to willfully disregard MPH’s patent 16 rights and continue its unauthorized use of MPH’s technology. iPod. stated that 23 the system transmits as many as 200. 19 including various models of the iPhone. Apple’s senior vice president of Internet Software and Services. In addition to being an early member of RPX. Apple has ultimately refused to take a license under the MPH patents or resolve this 15 dispute without the need for litigation. Apple has also been a member and privy of RPX. Apple’s iMessage is one of the most widely deployed secure messaging services. a non- 7 producing patent holding and monetization entity whose founding members included. 9 45. iPad. In July 2017. In its security documentation. 17 APPLE’S ACCUSED IMESSAGE AND FACETIME INSTRUMENTALITIES 18 47. For example. The use of the iMessage service and 24 the resulting volume of messages have increased since the above-referenced statements were made by 25 Messrs. Apple’s CEO.000 patent assets in 2014 from Rockstar Consortium LLC. in 22 February 2016. And. among others. 4 44. Despite MPH’s extensive efforts to license its technology to Apple amicably over a 14 two-year period. 20 48. 26 49. Cook and Cue. In 21 2014. Eddy Cue. Apple Watch. Apple has touted that messages sent through Apple’s iMessage platform are protected 27 by end-to-end encryption so no one but the sender and the receiver can access the encrypted contents 28 of the messages. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 9 of 42 1 43. Apple’s iMessage is a messaging service specifically designed for Apple devices. a then publicly traded company whose 2 member-clients such as Apple pay for access to RPX’s portfolio of patent risk solutions and patents. which has petitioned and prosecuted 10 an administrative procedure known as “inter partes review” of duly-issued United States patents 11 before the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s Patent Trial and Appeal Board for Apple’s 12 benefit. an executive of RPX Corporation. and Mac computer products.000 messages per second.
iOS 12. including to transmit iMessage content. data centers. iOS 11. macOS Mojave. macOS High Sierra. 18 54. macOS Mojave. WatchOS 2. 26 57. Apple states in the August 2018 version of its iOS Security Guide: 7 Apple doesn’t log the contents of messages or attachments. 9 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Apple’s FaceTime service also uses APNs. 22 55. iOS 12. 13 52. One practical 2 benefit of this secure mobile messaging platform technology. Apple has stated that it is unable to decrypt the 17 data sent through FaceTime. Apple has implemented the accused iMessage platform in at least the following 10 operating systems that run on Apple devices: iOS 8. as claimed and described in one or 3 more of MPH’s patents. macOS High Sierra. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 10 of 42 1 decrypt the encrypted contents of messages sent through the iMessage platform. and Mac computers. including iPhones. iOS 10. Apple Watch also uses APNs to support end-to-end encryption. macOS Sierra. OS X Yosemite. FaceTime uses end-to-end encryption to protect FaceTime audio 16 and video contents. iOS 11. Apple’s iMessage application makes extensive use of Apple Push Notification service 25 (“APNs”). According to Apple. FaceTime calls use the 27 APNs to establish an initial connection. Apple has made FaceTime available on at least the following operating systems that 19 run on Apple devices: iOS 8. which are protected by end-to-end 8 encryption so no one but the sender and receiver can access them. Apple owns and operates the APNs servers. controls. Apple Watches. Apple owns. databases and other 23 network resources to provide the accused iMessage and FaceTime services. As with the iMessage platform. Apple can’t decrypt the data. OS X El Capitan. WatchOS 3. 15 53. is the ability for a sender using his or her mobile device to send encrypted 4 messages securely to a mobile device of an intended recipient using unsecure Internet connections 5 without compromising the integrity and security of the message contents. iPads. 11 OS X El Capitan. iOS 10. For example. WatchOS 4 and 21 WatchOS 5. 6 50. 12 WatchOS 4 and WatchOS 5. OS X Yosemite. WatchOS 2. iOS 9. 9 51. iPods. maintains or operates servers. 24 56. 28 58. Apple’s FaceTime is a service that allows users to make video and audio calls using 14 their Apple devices. WatchOS 3. 20 macOS Sierra. For example. iOS 9.
You agree that the terms of this License will apply to any Apple-branded app 28 that may be built-in on your iOS Device. iOS Software License Agreement 19 (www. such as iPhones. The IDS is responsible for distributing a user’s public keys and APNs 8 addresses on request. Apple 7 Identity Service (a.com/legal/sla/docs/iOS112. 16 64. receive the benefit of. whether in read only memory.k. servers. 3 60.apple. iPads. Apple devices. Apple Watches. iPhone Cellular Call 2 Relay. see also Apple Inc. (“Apple”) for use only under the terms of this License. The Apple iOS Software License Agreement.pdf). For example. iPAD or iPOD Touch (“iOS DEVICE”). interfaces. including its operation of the software. including in its user software licenses. using iMessage and FaceTime services.a. 21 65. on any other media or in any other form (the Original iOS Software and 26 iOS Software Updates are collectively referred to as the “iOS Software”) are licensed. “IDS”). Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 11 of 42 1 59. 5 Apple Watches. 13 63. fonts and any data that came with your iOS Device (“Original iOS Software”). Apple and 27 its licensors retain ownership of the iOS Software itself and reserve all rights not expressly granted to you. and use iMessage and FaceTime must agree.pdf). including Handoff. users of these 14 services are required to sign up and agree to numerous terms and conditions unilaterally imposed by 15 Apple. software 25 updates or system restore software provided by Apple (“iOS Software Updates”). embedded software and third party software). iPods. and Mac computers. YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE 18 BOUND BY THE FOLLOWING TERMS. such as iPhones. also use APNs to support end-to-end encryption. to you by Apple Inc. also 23 provides: The software (including Boot ROM code.apple. 24 documentation. as may be updated or replaced by feature enhancements. and databases that support such services. to which each Apple iOS device user 22 wishing to have access to. iTunes account agreement. Universal Clipboard. As a condition of using Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime services. and Mac computers. 6 61. Apple begins its iOS Software License Agreement by stating that “BY 17 USING YOUR iPHONE. can 4 send secure messages via the APNs servers to other Apple devices. iPads.” See Apple Inc. Software License Agreement for 20 macOS High Sierra (www. Other Apple features. and privacy agreement. not sold. Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime services also utilize Apple’s directory service.com/legal/sla/docs/macOS1013. 9 APPLE’S INSTRUCTIONS TO AND CONTROL OVER 10 USERS OF THE IMESSAGE AND FACETIME SERVICES 11 62. unless such app is accompanied by a separate license. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. content. iPods. Apple maintains absolute control over the operation of its iMessage and FaceTime 12 services. 10 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT .
2 66. and use the user’s unique 12 identifier. Apple requires each user of iMessage and FaceTime to register and 9 obtain an Apple ID as a prerequisite to using these services. Prior to using the services. unless such 7 product is accompanied by a separate license. 8 67. Software License Agreement for 25 macOS High Sierra. your phone number and certain unique 18 identifiers for your iOS Device are sent to Apple in order to allow others to reach you by your phone number when using various communication features of the iOS Software. 26 68. Apple may hold your messages in encrypted form for a limited period of time in order to ensure their delivery. not sold. When you use your device. interfaces. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 12 of 42 1 in which case you agree that the terms of that license will govern your use of that app. documentation.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/ww/. the Apple macOS software license agreement states: 3 The Apple software (including Boot ROM code). on any other media or in any other form (collectively the “Apple Software”) are licensed.apple. to you by Apple 5 Inc. 20 21 * * * 22 By using this software in connection with an Apple ID. content. which you may access and review at http://www. fonts and any data accompanying this License whether 4 preinstalled on Apple-branded hardware. An Apple ID is also required to access app updates and certain features of the iOS 15 Software and Services. see also Apple Inc. Additionally. 16 * * * 17 Consent to Use of Data. iOS Software License Agreement. on disk. in which case you agree that the terms of that license will govern your use of that product. or other Apple Service. any third party software. store. such as the latest Apple Media Services Terms 23 and Conditions for the country in which you access such Services. each user 10 11 must first log in and then provide and allow Apple to access. These requirements are set forth in Apple’s software license agreements for both iOS and 13 macOS: 14 Use of the App Store requires a unique user name and password combination. 24 Apple Inc. Apple also requires end users to provide personal information and other identifying 27 information to access the iMessage and FaceTime services and receive benefits from such services: 28 11 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Apple and/or Apple’s licensors retain ownership of the Apple Software itself and reserve all rights not expressly granted to 6 you. You agree that the terms of this License will apply to any Apple-branded application software product that may be preinstalled on your Apple-branded hardware. When you use iMessage. (“Apple”) for use only under the terms of this License. Similarly. such as 19 iMessage and FaceTime. known as an Apple ID. you agree to the applicable terms of service for that Service. in read only memory.
a simple MOBIKE exchange in a mobile scenario is 24 illustrated in Section 2. At the 2015 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC15).txt. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 14 of 42 1 X El Capitan. Apple has enabled MOBIKE by default in every OS X/macOS product since OS X El 4 Capitan. sets forth the MOBIKE protocol. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 4555. Apple’s iOS and OS X/macOS devices are set up by Apple to support IKEv2. which show the normal IKE_INIT exchange and the peers informing each other that 26 they support MOBIKE: 27 28 13 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Apple has enabled MOBIKE by default in every iOS product since iOS 9. and any subsequently introduced iOS/macOS products that 10 incorporate the same or substantially the same IKEv2 VPN and MOBIKE enabled features or 11 functionality. including without limitation.” This includes every iOS product since iOS 9 and every OS 9 X/macOS product since OS X El Capitan. iPads. Apple’s iPhones. 12 79. and 6 Mac computers that contain versions of iOS.2.ietf. 18 83. 2 76. 23 85. 5 78. Apple provides a built-in VPN client in iOS and OS X/macOS devices that is enabled 19 from network preferences. Apple provides VPN setup guidelines for IKEv2 setup. 3 77. Apple announced that 15 MOBIKE was supported in its products. which Apple has implemented 22 in its accused products and services. 20 84. Apple products that support IKEv2 can forward messages via a security gateway to 17 other hosts in networks.org/rfc/rfc4555. OS X and macOS software that are configured to have 7 IKEv2 as the VPN type and enable MOBIKE are hereinafter referred to as “the accused Apple 8 MOBIKE-implemented products. Reproduced below are Steps 1 and 2 of that illustration as set forth on page 25 7 of RFC 4555. at 21 https://www. 14 81. Beginning at page 6 of RFC 4555. iPods. 16 82. 13 80. Apple’s products.
The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products transmit using the packet 20 protocol set forth under the “Initiator” column and are designed to receive the packet protocol set 21 forth under the “Responder” column in step 2 recited above from RFC 4555 when establishing a 22 secure connection with a VPN gateway. Upon receiving the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notification. The Initiator 25 informs the responder of its new address by sending an INFORMATIONAL request containing an 26 UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notification. Step 3 shown on page 7 of RFC 4555 illustrates when the Initiator such as a mobile 24 device notices a change in its own address and informs the responder about that change. 19 87. At this point. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products use the normal IKE_INIT 17 exchange set forth in step 1 recited above from RFC 4555 when establishing a secure connection with 18 a VPN gateway. 23 88. the Initiator starts to use the new address as a source address in the Initiator’s 28 outgoing ESP traffic. the Responder 14 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 15 of 42 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 86. The request is sent using the new IP address of the 27 Initiator.
com/lv-lv/HT202944. Step 3 as shown on page 7 of RFC 4555 is reproduced below: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 89. 15 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . At least some of the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products further include 22 Wi-Fi Calling. Apple’s “Always-on VPN” is a feature provided by Apple which forces applications 28 running on Apple devices to connect only via an VPN tunnel. Ports used by Apple products for the Wi-Fi 24 Calling feature include 500 and 4500 with UDP and employ the IKEv2 protocol.apple. 13 90. 26 APPLE’S ALWAYS-ON VPN SERVICE 27 95. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are designed to be capable of 16 connecting with a VPN gateway using an IPsec tunnel connection. 15 91. 17 92. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products can transmit and receive IPsec 18 packets from a VPN server that are UDP encapsulated. 21 94. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products work with VPN servers that 14 support IPsec Security Associations. See 25 https://support. 19 93. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products use the packet exchange shown 11 in step 3 recited above from RFC 4555 when the IP address of the accused Apple MOBIKE- 12 implemented products used for the secure connection with a VPN Gateway changes. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products can transmit and receive IPsec 20 packets from a VPN server that have payloads that are encrypted and authenticated. a feature by which users can make or receive a phone call if they have a Wi-Fi 23 connection in an area with little or no cellular coverage. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 16 of 42 1 records the new address.
Apple has submitted the Always-on VPN client for “Common Criteria Evaluation” 27 through the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP). 26 104. or LTE) and Wi-Fi networks. iOS 11 and iOS 12 operating systems. 21 including iPhones and iPads. secure data within its network. 19 101. Apple encourages and instructs organizations to use Always-on VPN to monitor and 2 filter traffic to and from Apple devices. with the iOS 8. 4 97. 9 secures traffic transmission with data encryption. and Apple Business Manager. iOS 10. Apple provides extensive instructions and guidelines for setting up and using Always- 23 on VPN. Apple in its iOS Security document dated January 2018 and in earlier versions of the 5 document. Apple has since provided Always-on VPN capability on all Apple iOS devices. For iOS devices. The organization can monitor and filter traffic to and from its devices. 20 102. Always-on VPN automatically activates with no user interaction. 3G. The default tunneling protocol. evaluations were completed by Acumen Security and atsec information security on behalf of 16 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . activate. Apple also provides software and tools to configure. Apple introduced the Always-on VPN feature with its iOS 8 operating system.. and 13 it stays activated (including across reboots) until the Always-on VPN profile is uninstalled. there is one tunnel 15 for each active IP interface. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 17 of 42 1 96.g. has stated: 6 Always-on VPN  can be configured for devices managed via MDM and supervised using 7 Apple Configurator 2. Always-on VPN supports per-interface tunnels. 17 100. i.e. and supervise devices 24 utilizing Always-on VPN including Apple Configurator. 11 98. 14 99. the Device Enrollment Program. one tunnel for the cellular interface and one tunnel for the Wi-Fi 16 interface. and restrict device access to the 3 Internet. Apple Configurator 2. or Apple School Manager. Always-on VPN activation requires device supervision. iOS 9. secure data within a network. Apple Device 25 Enrollment Program. and restrict device access to the 10 Internet. After the Always-on VPN 12 profile is installed on a device. Apple’s Always-on VPN feature is designed for situations where iOS devices move 18 between networks such as cellular (e. As part of Apple’s submissions to 28 NIAP. This eliminates the need for users to turn on VPN to enable protection when connecting to cellular 8 and Wi-Fi networks. 4G.. Apple School Manager. IKEv2. 22 103. Always-on VPN gives an organization full control over device traffic by tunneling all IP traffic back to the organization.
7 107. i. including APNs servers. 12. Each Apple device is configured to be assigned with an IP address. which may change 15 including. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 18 of 42 1 and sponsored by Apple. including Apple’s APNs servers. receive encrypted 27 message payloads sent by Apple devices to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. When operated as intended and required by Apple and under Apple’s direction and 10 control. including its APNs servers. which is used to 23 forward messages to receiving Apple devices. 13.INFRINGEMENT OF U. PATENT NO. the Internet. including iPhones. and Mac computers. 3 COUNT I .346. 18 111. When operated as intended and required by Apple and under Apple’s direction and 19 control. Intermediate Apple servers. privacy policies. iPods. 5 106. 3. The evaluations included tests performed in an environment where Apple 2 iOS devices were connected to both Wi-Fi and cellular networks. which is a 22 unique identifier assigned by Apple that identifies a unique app-device combination. 14 109. Messages sent through iMessage and FaceTime include a device token. 9 108. literally or through 6 the doctrine of equivalents. The Apple iMessage and FaceTime services enable Apple devices to send and receive 8 secure messages over a telecommunications network. 16 110. when the connection is changed from a cellular network to a Wi-Fi network. 26 113. As described below. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. 28 114. decrypt device tokens and use such tokens 17 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 21 112. Such messages include payloads 25 encrypted using encryption keys from a key exchange protocol. privacy policies. and 28 of the ‘949 Patent.949 4 105. Apple Watches. Intermediate Apple servers. including Apple’s APNs servers. 9. 8. establish a secure 12 connection with one another by negotiating and exchanging keys with one another according to a key 13 exchange protocol through intermediate Apple servers. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-104 as if fully set forth herein.. pursuant to Apple’s software licenses. for example. Apple 11 devices. Apple 20 devices are configured to form secure messages using the functionalities of iMessage and FaceTime. at least claims 1. iPads. are configured to securely send 17 and receive messages to and from Apple devices to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. Apple servers. and other user agreements. Messages formed by Apple devices also include an 24 address of Apple servers. and other user agreements. 11. pursuant to Apple’s software licenses.e.S.
16 9. Universal Clipboard. 4 115. iOS 11. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 19 of 42 1 to locate the addresses of the intended recipients of encrypted message payloads. Apple’s APNs servers and Apple devices sending and receiving messages through 14 iMessage and FaceTime communicate using a TLS protocol. WatchOS 4 and WatchOS 5. iPhone 28 Cellular Call Relay. iOS 9. and conditioning its 25 customers’ and end users’ participation and use of and receipt of the benefits of iMessage and 26 FaceTime upon. making 17 and/or using within the United States Apple devices. 15 120. macOS Sierra. iOS 10. among other things. including iPhones. 11. iPads. WatchOS 2. OS X El Capitan. 5 116. Other Apple features. 11 118. replacing the encrypted device 3 tokens. macOS High 22 Sierra. 7 117. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. Apple is unable to decrypt the payloads of the messages. and Mac computers running the following Apple operating systems. Apple utilizes a table located at Apple’s APNs servers to map a device token to 6 connection information of the receiving device. Apple’s servers. OS X Yosemite. 13. iOS 12. including its APNs servers. 13 119. Apple 19 Watches. Apple utilizes a table located at Apple’s APNs servers to map a device token to 8 connection information of the receiving device including the receiving device’s location or address. and 28 of the ‘949 Patent under 35 U. § 271(a) by. 12. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claims 1. forward the encrypted message payloads 12 to the receiving Apple devices. thus. as well as all other 20 software versions which provide the same or substantially the same features and functionalities: iOS 21 8. the performance of steps of claims of the ‘949 Patent and establishing the manner or 27 timing of that performance. servers. Apple’s APNs servers map device tokens with connections to receiving devices. also use Apple’s APNs to support end-to- 18 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . macOS Mojave. Based on the above. WatchOS 3. including Handoff. 3. testing and otherwise using the foregoing instrumentalities 24 by Apple’s employees and agents. without limitation.C. Apple’s acts of direct 23 infringement include. and associated software that support and 18 enable its iMessage and FaceTime services on Apple devices. 9 Apple devices register their current locations with the APNs servers with a request and reply message 10 exchange. as well as directing and controlling.S. iPods. The decrypted 2 tokens are included with the encrypted message payloads.
Apple Watches. MPH provided Apple with 10 detailed notice of its infringement of the ‘949 Patent by at least October 17. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-122 as if fully set forth herein. 25 establish a secure connection by negotiating and exchanging keys according to a key exchange 26 protocol through intermediate Apple servers.397 17 123. Intermediate Apple servers. On November 22. 22 126. The Apple iMessage and FaceTime services enable the accused Apple devices to send 21 and receive secure messages over a telecommunications network. as stated above. As such. including iPhones. 8 122. Apple devices. the Internet. i. but in no 5 event less than a reasonable royalty. 27 127. Apple’s infringement of the ‘949 Patent has been and continues to be willful. 2016. and Mac computers. Apple further infringes the foregoing claims of the ‘949 Patent under 35 2 U. Apple continues its acts of 14 infringement of the ‘949 Patent. receive encrypted 28 message payloads sent by Apple devices to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. iPods.INFRINGEMENT OF U. consciously wrong.. PATENT NO. pursuant to Apple’s software licenses. wanton. 18 124. thus. 9.C. 9 malicious. As described below. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 20 of 42 1 end encryption and.e. Apple’s infringement of the ‘949 Patent is 15 willful. 16 COUNT II . and other user 24 agreements. The acts of infringement of the ‘949 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. and MPH is 4 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. privacy policies. in bad faith. the acts of infringement of the ‘949 Patent by Apple 6 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 7 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘949 Patent. § 271(a). Despite knowledge of its infringement. further showing Apple’s 13 infringement of the ‘949 Patent. When operated as intended and conditioned and required by Apple and under Apple’s 23 direction and control. literally or through 19 the doctrine of equivalents. 2016 in a letter to 11 Apple’s patent acquisitions executive. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. Further.S.762. iPads. deliberate.S. MPH’s counsel also provided detailed 12 claim charts for the ‘949 Patent regarding Apple’s iMessage service. 3 121. including Apple’s APNs servers. 20 125. at least claim 1 of the ‘397 Patent. The 19 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . and flagrant.
and MPH is 27 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. including the 2 APNs servers. among other things. Apple’s acts of direct infringement include. Messages sent through iMessage and FaceTime include a device token that identifies a 5 unique app-device combination.S. The acts of infringement of the ‘397 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. Apple Watches. and associated software that support its iMessage and FaceTime 13 services on Apple devices. Other Apple features.S. 8 129. iOS 11. 17 WatchOS 3. WatchOS 2. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. iOS 10. and Mac computers 14 running the following Apple operating systems. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 21 of 42 1 encrypted message payloads are sent to the address of the intermediate Apple servers. A device token is a unique identifier assigned by Apple to a specific app on a specific 4 Apple device. making and/or using within the 12 United States Apple devices. also use 24 Apple’s APNs to support end-to-end encryption and. macOS High Sierra. but in no 28 event less than a reasonable royalty. 10 130. including iPhones. as well as directing and 20 controlling.C. without limitation. the acts of infringement of the ‘397 Patent by Apple 20 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . iOS 12. Apple’s servers. WatchOS 4 and WatchOS 5. 3 128. including its APNs servers. § 271(a) by. and conditioning its customers’ and end users’ participation and use and receipt of the 21 benefits of iMessage and FaceTime upon. iOS 9. thus. iPads. macOS Sierra. 18 131. Apple further infringes the foregoing 25 claims of the ‘397 Patent under 35 U. forward the encrypted message payload to 9 the receiving Apple device. the performance of steps of claims of the ‘397 Patent and 22 establishing the manner or timing of that performance. 23 Universal Clipboard. including its APNs servers. iPods. iPhone Cellular Call Relay. are configured to 6 decrypt and read these device tokens and use such tokens to locate the intended recipients of a 7 message. 26 132. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claim 1 of 11 the ‘397 Patent under 35 U. Apple’s servers. as well as all other software versions which provide 15 the same or substantially the same features and functionalities: iOS 8. Based on the above.C. testing and otherwise 19 using the foregoing instrumentalities by Apple’s employees and agents. including Handoff. Further. OS X El Capitan. macOS Mojave. 16 OS X Yosemite. § 271(a). servers.
712. Apple continues its acts of infringement of the ‘397 11 Patent. deliberate. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-133 as if fully set forth herein. 22 139. Apple utilizes intermediate servers. 4. at least claims 1. MPH provided Apple with notice 5 of the application that later issued as the ‘397 Patent by October 17.S. 12 COUNT III . 2017. on April 7.INFRINGEMENT OF U. 4 malicious. and 11 of the ‘494 Patent. are 25 configured with one or more IP addresses. Apple’s infringement of the ‘397 Patent has been and continues to be willful. 7. 3 133.494 13 134. 24 140. As such. consciously wrong. Apple’s infringement of the ‘397 Patent is willful. Despite knowledge of its infringement. As described below. 21 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . in bad faith. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 22 of 42 1 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 2 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘397 Patent. 20 138. Apple’s servers used for the iMessage and FaceTime services.S. 16 136. PATENT NO. MPH 6 also provided Apple with a detailed claim chart mapping allowed claim 1 of U.544 to Apple’s iMessage. 2017. literally or through 15 the doctrine of equivalents.. 5. An entire address block is assigned to Apple.S. 6. are configured to receive secure messages 27 from Apple devices to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. Apple’s servers. as stated above. 9. wanton. MPH gave Apple a copy of the 8 published application (Patent Application Publication No. 14 135. Apple’s servers used for iMessage and FaceTime. Then. i. Patent and Trademark 10 Office. US 2017/0093799 A1) which issued as the 9 ‘397 Patent and the corresponding Notice of Allowance issued by the U. 9. 10. 26 141. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. 2016. and operates servers used for the iMessage and FaceTime 21 services. and flagrant. owns. are connected to the Internet. 3.e. to send and receive 19 messages to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. The Apple iMessage and FaceTime services enable Apple devices to send and receive 17 secure messages over a telecommunications network. The payloads of messages are 28 encrypted using encryption keys from a key exchange protocol. On March 6. including its APNs servers. 13/685. including its APNs servers. including its APNs servers. including the APNs servers. 18 137. Patent Application 7 No. including its APNs 23 servers. the Internet. Apple controls. 2.
18 146.C. 5. WatchOS 2. and importing into the United States the servers. Apple’s APNs do not have the keys to decrypt the payloads of messages or data sent 13 through the iMessage and FaceTime services. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 23 of 42 1 142. including Handoff. also use Apple’s APNs to support end-to-end 28 encryption and. Messages sent through iMessage and FaceTime include a device token that identifies a 3 unique app-device combination.S. 6. 16 145. among other things. 2. 7. WatchOS 3. operating. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claims 1. Other Apple features.C. and Mac computers running the following Apple 23 operating systems. OS X El 25 Capitan. Based on the above. 22 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 19 3. 12 143. Apple’s servers. are configured to 4 decrypt and read these device tokens and use such tokens to locate the intended recipients of a 5 message. Apple Watches. using. 8 forward encrypted message payloads to the receiving Apple devices. The decrypted tokens are 9 included with the encrypted message payloads. thus. iOS 10. macOS Sierra. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the 24 same features and functionalities: iOS 8. Apple’s APNs servers and Apple devices that send and receive messages through 17 iMessage and FaceTime communicate using a TLS protocol. Apple further infringes the foregoing claims of the ‘494 Patent under 35 U. and 11 of the ‘494 Patent under 35 U. A device token is a unique identifier assigned by Apple to a specific app on a specific 2 Apple device. 14 144. Apple’s APNs servers map device tokens with connections to receiving devices. WatchOS 4 26 and WatchOS 5. iPhone Cellular Call 27 Relay. iOS 11. iPads. Apple 10 devices register their current locations with the APNs servers with a request and reply message 11 exchange. Universal Clipboard. Apple’s servers. thus replacing the encrypted device tokens. 20 making. iPods. iOS 12. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. iOS 9. 4. such as APNs servers. including its APNs servers.S. including its APNs servers. macOS High Sierra. and 21 associated software that support and provide its iMessage and FaceTime services for Apple devices. macOS Mojave. Apple 6 utilizes a table located at Apple’s APNs servers to map a device token to connection information of 7 the receiving device including location or address. § 271(a) by. 22 including iPhones. OS X Yosemite. 9. 10. Apple’s APNs are not configured to access the keys to decrypt the payloads of 15 messages or data sent through the iMessage and FaceTime services.
Apple devices. are configured by Apple to form secure messages. 18 are configured by Apple to send and receive secure messages over the Internet through the Apple 19 iMessage and FaceTime services. at least claims 1. Apple Watches. and 10 of the ‘502 Patent. wanton.INFRINGEMENT OF U. iPods. iPads. but in no 4 event less than a reasonable royalty. 24 154. Apple devices. 2017. 7 148. as stated above. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. Further. iPads. Utilizing the iMessage and FaceTime services. Apple devices. Apple Watches. 25 are mobile computers in that the address of the mobile computer changes. deliberate.502 14 149. iPods. including iPhones. PATENT NO. 9. Apple Watches. iPads. As described below. 7. and Mac computers. Apple devices. including iPhones. and MPH is 3 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. iPods. and Mac computers. Apple continues its acts of infringement of the ‘494 Patent. iPods.712. iPods. and Mac computers. 15 150. The acts of infringement of the ‘494 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. Apple devices. and Mac computers. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 24 of 42 1 § 271(a). consciously wrong. 23 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 28 Such messages include payloads encrypted using encryption keys from a key exchange protocol. 8 malicious. and flagrant. 23 are also configured by Apple to be assigned with an IP address. Despite knowledge of its 11 infringement. the acts of infringement of the ‘494 Patent by Apple 5 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 6 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘494 Patent. 17 151. 2. 2 147. Apple’s infringement of the ‘494 Patent has been and continues to be willful. Apple Watches. including iPhones. in bad faith. 9.S. MPH provided Apple with notice 9 of Apple’s infringement of the ‘494 Patent by at least July 18. 8. 12 Apple’s infringement of the ‘494 Patent is willful. Apple Watches. iPads. and Mac computers. including iPhones. 22 153. 13 COUNT IV . literally or through 16 the doctrine of equivalents. 26 155. As such. 27 iPads. including with claim charts 10 comparing the claims to Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime services. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-148 as if fully set forth herein. including iPhones. 21 are configured by Apple to connect to a telecommunications network. 20 152.
Apple servers.S. 8. 15 159. 19 7. WatchOS 4 and 25 WatchOS 5. WatchOS 3. which is used to 3 forward messages to receiving Apple devices. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. Utilizing the iMessage and FaceTime services’ functionalities. 24 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 7 156. macOS High Sierra. and importing into the United States infringing Apple devices. including Apple’s APNs servers. 24 macOS Sierra. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claims 1. iOS 11. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 25 of 42 1 Messages sent through iMessage and FaceTime also include a device token. WatchOS 2. iOS 12. which is a unique 2 identifier assigned by Apple that identifies a unique app-device combination. Other Apple features. 9. 5 decrypt and read these device tokens and use such tokens to locate the intended recipients of a 6 message. including its APNs servers. including 21 iPhones. iOS 10. among other things.C. For example. iPads. Apple devices are 8 configured by Apple to send the secure messages to Apple’s servers for forwarding of the encrypted 9 data payload to the intended recipients of a message. macOS Mojave. and are thus encrypted and authenticated. Apple devices are configured by Apple to send signaling messages to Apple’s servers 16 when they change IP addresses such that Apple’s servers know that their addresses changed. Based on the above. 20 selling. OS X El Capitan. 18 160. 2. iPhone Cellular Call 26 Relay. § 271(a) by. 12 158. Apple devices are configured by Apple to form secure messages using messages 13 received by the Apple devices. Apple Watches. 10 157. using. making. Apple devices are configured by Apple to set up a secure connection using a key 11 exchange protocol. iOS 9.C. OS X Yosemite.S. and Mac computers running the following Apple operating 22 systems. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the same 23 features and functionalities: iOS 8. including Handoff. Universal Clipboard. Messages formed by Apple devices also include an 4 address of Apple servers. an Apple iPhone forms a secure message for iMessage 14 using a message received from an Apple Watch. Such 17 signaling messages are sent via a TLS connection. and 10 of the ‘502 Patent under 35 U. also use Apple’s APNs to support end-to-end 27 encryption and. iPods. 28 § 271(a). thus. offering for sale. Apple further infringes the foregoing claims of the ‘502 Patent under 35 U.
macOS High Sierra. § 271(c) by. 2. OS X Yosemite. 19 163. promoting. thus. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or 6 substantially the same features and functionalities: iOS 8. iPhone Cellular Call Relay. selling. including iPhones. encouraging. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. or offer to sell infringing Apple 10 devices within the United States in an infringing matter. 3 making.S. as well as 23 all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the same features and 24 functionalities: iOS 8.S. 11 162. macOS 25 Sierra. among other things. iOS 10. such as end-user 27 customers. iPods. including iPhones. 8. instructing and aiding others. OS X El Capitan. Such acts constitute direct infringement. Apple Watches. 7. OS X 7 Yosemite. Apple has also contributed to the infringement of at least claims 1.C. 22 iPods. and by advertising. §271(b) by. Apple Watches. 26 and by advertising. and importing into the United States the infringing Apple devices. 9. Apple further infringes the foregoing 18 claims of the ‘502 Patent under 35 U. to use.C. § 271(b). Apple has carried out these 14 actions with the specific intent to induce infringement of the ‘502 Patent and with knowledge that 15 such acts constitute infringement of the ‘502 Patent.S. selling. Apple has engaged in these activities knowing that 28 these Apple devices are especially made and adapted for use. 2. WatchOS 4 and WatchOS 5. instructing and 9 aiding others. iOS 12. in a manner that 25 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . including Handoff. 8. macOS Sierra. making. 8 WatchOS 3. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 26 of 42 1 161. Apple has had actual notice of its infringement of the ‘502 Patent by no later than July 12 18. to use them in an infringing manner. offering for 21 sale. iOS 11. macOS High Sierra. WatchOS 2. also use 17 Apple’s APNs to support end-to-end encryption and. sell. WatchOS 4 and WatchOS 5. iOS 10. and importing within and into the United States infringing 4 Apple devices. encouraging. and 10 of 20 the ‘502 Patent under 35 U. promoting. 16 Universal Clipboard. offering for sale. WatchOS 3. WatchOS 2. iOS 9. using.C. and in fact used. and 10 of the ‘502 Patent under 35 U. 9. Apple has and continues to knowingly and actively induce infringement of at least 2 claims 1. iPads. iOS 12. Other Apple features. 2017 when it received MPH’s letter advising Apple of the ‘502 Patent and providing a claim chart 13 comparing the claims to Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime services. using. 7. iPads. such as resellers and end-user customers. iOS 9. iOS 11. macOS Mojave. OS X El Capitan. among other things. and Mac computers running the following Apple operating systems. macOS Mojave. and Mac computers running the 5 following Apple operating systems.
3. Other Apple features. 6. 4. Apple utilizes intermediate servers. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding.C.C. Universal Clipboard. i. 8. 25 168.S. 2.INFRINGEMENT OF U. § 271(c). including its APNs servers. 15 malicious.838. PATENT NO. Further. users and resellers of the 5 infringing Apple devices. thus. 2017. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. which are not staple articles of 3 commerce suitable for substantial non-infringing uses. 13. the Internet. and flagrant. wanton. to send and receive 28 messages to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. at least claims 1. 22 167.S. as stated above. Despite knowledge of its 18 infringement. including Handoff. The direct infringers for Apple’s contributory 4 infringement under 35 U. literally or through 23 the doctrine of equivalents.S. and 16 of the ‘362 24 Patent. The acts of infringement of the ‘502 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. The Apple iMessage and FaceTime services enable Apple devices to send and receive 26 secure messages over a telecommunications network. consciously wrong. 10. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 27 of 42 1 constitutes infringement of the ‘502 Patent. the acts of infringement of the ‘502 Patent by Apple 12 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 13 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘502 Patent. § 271(c) include. 7. MPH provided Apple with notice 16 of Apple’s infringement of the ‘502 Patent by at least July 18. 14 165. including with claim charts 17 comparing the claims to Apple’s iMessage and FaceTime services. 26 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT .362 21 166. and MPH is 10 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-165 as if fully set forth herein. in bad faith. 14. 11. 9.. As such. Apple’s infringement of the ‘502 Patent has been and continues to be willful.e. 9 164. 27 169. but in no 11 event less than a reasonable royalty. As described below. These Apple devices configured with Apple’s software 2 constitute material parts of the patented inventions of the ‘502 Patent. 5. Apple continues its acts of infringement of the ‘502 patent. iPhone 6 Cellular Call Relay. also use Apple’s APNs to support end-to- 7 end encryption and. deliberate. 12. 19 Apple’s infringement of the ‘502 Patent is willful. 20 COUNT V . Apple further infringes the foregoing claims of the ‘502 Patent under 35 8 U. without limitation.
17 175. A device token is a unique identifier assigned by Apple to a specific app on a specific 11 Apple device. operating. forward encrypted message payloads to the receiving 16 Apple devices. are configured to 13 decrypt these device tokens and use such tokens to locate the intended recipients of a message 14 through mapping. among other 27 things. 10. and 16 of the ‘362 Patent under 35 U. Apple’s servers used for iMessage and FaceTime. Apple’s APNs are not configured to access the keys to decrypt the payloads of 20 messages or data sent through the iMessage and FaceTime services. 3 171. 12. including the APNs servers. including its APNs servers. 26 3. including its APNs servers. 25 179. 23 178. 7. Apple’s servers. Apple’s servers used for iMessage and FaceTime. The decrypted tokens are included with the encrypted message payloads. 11. 6. Such mapping occurs at Apple’s APNs servers. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claims 1. making. Apple’s APNs servers map device tokens with connections to receiving devices.S. and associated software that support its iMessage and FaceTime services on Apple devices. including its APNs servers. The payloads of messages are 9 encrypted using encryption keys from a key exchange protocol. are 4 connected to the Internet. are configured to receive secure messages 8 from Apple devices to provide the iMessage and FaceTime services. 2. 14. and operates servers used for the iMessage and FaceTime 2 services.C. using. and importing into the United States the servers. Apple’s servers. 19 176. § 271(a) by. such as APNs 28 servers. 8. 5 172. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 28 of 42 1 170. Based on the above. 7 173. Apple’s APNs servers and Apple devices sending and receiving messages through 24 iMessage and FaceTime communicate using a TLS protocol. 5. Apple utilizes a table to map a device token to connection information of the receiving 22 device including location or address. including its APNs servers. owns. are 6 configured with one or more IP addresses. Apple controls. 15 Apple’s servers. including its APNs servers. 21 177. 10 174. 27 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 4. 13. Apple’s APNs do not have the keys to decrypt the payloads of messages or data sent 18 through the iMessage and FaceTime services. An entire address block is assigned to Apple. Messages sent through iMessage and FaceTime include a device token that identifies a 12 unique app-device combination.
and application which issued as the ‘362 Patent. 23 183. Other Apple features. Universal Clipboard. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. WatchOS 2. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 29 of 42 1 including iPhones. Despite knowledge of its infringement of the related 18 ‘949. also use Apple’s APNs to support end-to-end 7 encryption and. macOS Sierra. and Mac computers running the following Apple 2 operating systems. 9 180.620.S. the acts of infringement of the ‘362 Patent by Apple 12 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 13 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘362 Patent. iPhone Cellular Call 6 Relay. iPads. 28 185. among other things. Apple’s 20 infringement of the ‘362 Patent is willful. MPH. 2017. iOS 10. macOS Mojave.312. and would in fact be used. 25 184. iOS 11. consciously wrong. but in no 11 event less than a reasonable royalty. OS X El 4 Capitan. and flagrant.S. Further. 7. WatchOS 4 5 and WatchOS 5. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-181 as if fully set forth herein. 16 provided Apple with notice of the pendency of U. OS X Yosemite. claims 1-7 of the ‘810 Patent. deliberate. and iPhone Text Message Forwarding. PATENT NO.810 22 182. literally or through 24 the doctrine of equivalents. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are mobile terminals that can 28 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Apple Watches. ‘397. by at least July 18. iOS 9. WatchOS 3. Apple designed the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products with the specific 26 intent that they be capable of being used.INFRINGEMENT OF U. Apple continued 19 and continues its acts of infringement of the ‘362 Patent. iOS 12. As described below. 21 COUNT VI . 8 § 271(a). wanton. as stated above. thus. The acts of infringement of the ‘362 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. 15/609. as part of a method for ensuring 27 that messages would be forwarded in a secure manner in a telecommunications network.C. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the 3 same features and functionalities: iOS 8. and MPH is 10 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple.S. 14 181. Patent Application No. 15 malicious. Apple’s infringement of the ‘362 Patent has been and continues to be willful. macOS High Sierra. ‘494 and ‘502 Patents. in bad faith. including Handoff. Apple further infringes the foregoing claims of the ‘362 Patent under 35 U. As such. which issued 17 as the ‘362 Patent. iPods.
The other accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented 18 product sends the message via the security gateway. the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product is configured to send a secure message 14 in a secure connection from its second address to another terminal such as another accused Apple 15 MOBIKE-implemented product that is mobile via the security gateway. 13 Thereafter. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to encrypt and 23 authenticate the request message shown in the Initiator column of step 3 on page 7 of RFC 4555 to 24 the security gateway using the same security association that was used for the secure connection 25 between the first address of the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products and the security 26 gateway. 22 190. while connected through a VPN connection to a security gateway. 10 188. Upon receiving the packet shown in the Initiator column of step 3 on page 7 of RFC 11 4555. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 30 of 42 1 have a first address that can have a secure connection with an address of a security gateway. 29 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . the 5 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products send the packet shown in the Initiator column of step 6 3 on page 7 of RFC 4555 to the security gateway when moving from a first address to a second 7 address. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to establish secure 20 connections with a VPN gateway or server using the IPsec protocol which forms a Security 21 Association. 27 191. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are mobile and can change from 3 a first address to a second address. the security gateway changes the address definition of the accused Apple MOBIKE- 12 implemented product with which it is connected from the first address to the second address. 4 187. The other accused Apple 16 MOBIKE-implemented product is configured to send a message back to the second address of the 17 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product. That packet is a request message that is sent to the address of the security gateway to request 8 that the security gateway change the secure connection to be defined between the second address and 9 the address of the security gateway. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to receive a reply 28 message such as the message shown in the Responder column of step 3 on page 7 of RFC 4555. 19 189. As noted above. 2 186.
27 201. Apple provides programs including Apple Configurator. for example. Apple designed the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products to implement and 10 enable MOBIKE. 20 198. 7 193. Apple published the iOS Deployment Overview for Business whitepaper to encourage 23 customers and end users to securely access company resources remotely via their iOS devices. Apple provides iOS and macOS Security whitepapers that encourage the use of 21 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in virtual private networking. The IPsec protocol used to establish the secure connection between an accused Apple 8 MOBIKE-implemented product and a security gateway is a tunneling protocol. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 15 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in private corporate 16 networks using VPN protocols including IKEv2 and MOBIKE. 24 200. Apple School Manager and 25 Apple Business Manager and instructions for using the programs including. the following: 2 3 4 5 192. 14 196. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 18 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products including VPN Setup 19 Guidelines with an IKEv2 setup. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 31 of 42 1 namely. 17 197. 11 195. 9 194. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 12 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in private corporate 13 networks using VPN protocols. The reply message shown above is configured to confirm the address change when an 6 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product moves from a first IP address to a second IP address. to configure 26 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products for use in virtual private networking. Apple has knowingly and actively induced infringement of claims 1-7 of the ‘810 28 30 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 22 199.
and by advertising. in a manner that 27 constitutes infringement of the ‘810 Patent. 2016 when it received MPH’s letter advising Apple of the ‘810 Patent and providing a 14 detailed claim chart applying the ‘810 Patent to Apple’s iOS and OS X/macOS devices. Apple devices including iPhones. Apple has 15 carried out these actions with the specific intent to induce infringement of the ‘810 Patent and with 16 knowledge that such acts constitute infringement of the ‘810 Patent.C. instructing and 24 aiding others. OS X El Capitan. iPads. to use them in an infringing manner. for 11 example. iOS 10. Such direct infringers 9 include customers such as corporations and other entities setting up IKEv2 type MOBIKE enabled 10 virtual private networks to make sure users are able to securely access resources remotely via. iPod Touch and Mac 20 computers running the following Apple operating systems that provide IKEv2 type VPN and enable 21 MOBIKE. including without limitation. iOS 10. Apple has also contributed to the infringement of claims 1-7 of the ‘810 Patent under 18 35 U. Apple has had actual notice of its infringement of the ‘810 Patent by no later than 13 October 17. §271(b) by. These instrumentalities constitute material parts of the 28 patented inventions of the ‘810 Patent which are not staple articles of commerce suitable for 31 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . selling and offering for sale in the United States. iPod Touch and 3 Mac computers running the following Apple operating systems that provide IKEv2 type VPN and 4 enable MOBIKE. §271(c) by. such as its enterprise and other end-user customers. selling and offering for sale in the United 2 States. OS X El Capitan. iOS 11. macOS Sierra. iOS 12. iOS 9. and by advertising. iOS 12. among other things. promoting.S. and importing into the United States. Apple devices including iPhones. and in fact used. iOS 9.C. iOS 11. aiding. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the same 22 features and functionalities: iOS 8. iPads. to use them in an infringing manner. macOS High Sierra and macOS Mojave. 23 macOS High Sierra and macOS Mojave. macOS 6 Sierra. Apple has engaged in 25 these activities knowing that the Apple devices running operating systems that provide IKEv2 type 26 VPN and enable MOBIKE are especially made and adapted for use. among other things. encouraging and 7 instructing others. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 32 of 42 1 Patent under 35 U. encouraging. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the 5 same features and functionalities: iOS 8. 17 203. such as end-user customers. 8 those that use AppleCare for Enterprise.S. their iOS devices. and 19 importing into the United States. 12 202.
the acts of infringement of the ‘810 Patent by Apple 10 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 11 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘810 Patent. but in no 9 event less than a reasonable royalty. and MPH is 8 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple.581 22 207. wanton. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. the accused 20 Apple MOBIKE-implemented products. 17 With full awareness of the ‘810 Patent. PATENT NO. Apple’s infringement of the ‘810 Patent has been and continues to be willful. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 33 of 42 1 substantial non-infringing uses. in bad faith. The acts of infringement of the ‘810 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. consciously wrong. 25 209. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-206 as if fully set forth herein. without limitation. for example. and despite the knowledge that its actions would induce 18 others to infringe and contribute to the infringement of others of the ‘810 Patent. those users or customers 6 that use AppleCare for Enterprise. MPH provided Apple with notice 14 of Apple’s infringement of the ‘810 Patent by at least October 17. 13 malicious.INFRINGMENT OF U. and importing into the United States. literally or through 24 the doctrine of equivalents. deliberate. As described below. 2016 including detailed claim 15 charts for the ‘810 Patent showing the relevance of the ‘810 Patent to Apple’s adoption and 16 implementation of “MOBIKE” technologies (IETF RFC 4555) in its iOS and OS X/macOS device.S. users that use the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in an 4 enterprise IKEv2 MOBIKE enabled VPN to make sure users are able to securely access resources 5 remotely via. including without limitation. 21 COUNT VII .C. 23 208. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are mobile terminals that can 32 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT .S. 7. 2 204. and flagrant. Apple continued 19 selling and offering for sale in the United States. Apple designed the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products with the specific 26 intent that they be capable of being used. claims 1-9 of the ‘581 Patent. and would in fact be used. as part of a method for ensuring 27 that messages would be forwarded in a secure manner in a telecommunications network. Further. §271(c) 3 include. The direct infringers for Apple’s contributory infringement under 35 U. 7 205.937. 28 210. their iOS devices. 12 206.
17 214. 20 215. 3 211. 22 216. while connected through a VPN connection to a security gateway. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to 23 receive a reply message such as the message shown in the Responder column of step 3 on page 7 of 24 RFC 4555. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to establish secure 18 connections with a VPN gateway or server using the IPsec protocol which forms a Security 19 Association. 5 212. Thereafter. That packet is a request message that is sent to the address of the security gateway to request 9 that the security gateway change the secure connection to be defined between the second address and 10 the gateway address of the security gateway. the following: 25 26 27 28 217. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to receive reply 33 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . namely. Upon receiving the packet shown in the Initiator column of step 3 on page 7 of RFC 12 4555. the 6 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products send the packet shown in the Initiator column of step 7 3 on page 7 of RFC 4555 to the security gateway when moving from a first address to a second 8 address. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 34 of 42 1 have a first address as first end-point that can have a secure connection with an address of a security 2 gateway as a second end-point. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to encrypt and 21 authenticate the request message shown in the Initiator column of step 3 on page 7 of RFC 4555. As noted above. 11 213. the security gateway changes the address definition of the secure connection of the accused 13 Apple MOBIKE-implemented product with which it is connected from the first address to the second 14 address. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are mobile and can change from 4 a first address to a second address. the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product is configured to send a 15 secure message in a secure connection from its second address to another terminal such as another 16 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product that is mobile via the security gateway.
another accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product. 27 226. When 14 the security gateway receives the message from the other accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented 15 product. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 25 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in private corporate 26 networks using VPN protocols including IKEv2 and MOBIKE. 17 222. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to establish an 9 end-to-end connection with. The IPsec protocol used to establish the secure connection between an accused Apple 18 MOBIKE-implemented product and a security gateway is a tunneling protocol. The other 13 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product sends the message via the security gateway. the security gateway forwards the message as an encrypted message to the second address of 16 the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product. The reply message set forth above is sent back from the security gateway to the 6 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 35 of 42 1 message above after the request from the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products to change 2 the address. The other accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product is configured to send a 12 message back to the second address of the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product. which is a mobile terminal. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 22 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in private corporate 23 networks using VPN protocols. 11 221. 24 225. 8 220. at the second address to 7 confirm the address change. 21 224. for example. Apple provides its iOS deployment reference to guide and instruct its customers and 28 end users on how to deploy accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products including VPN Setup 34 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 5 219. 10 using an IPsec tunnel connection for the secure connection. Apple designed the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented product to be MOBIKE 20 enabled. 3 218. 19 223. The accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products are configured to receive the 4 reply message above that is encrypted and authenticated.
15 macOS High Sierra and macOS Mojave. Apple has also contributed to the infringement of claims 1-9 of the ‘581 Patent under 27 35 U. iOS 10. Apple has 24 carried out these actions with the specific intent to induce infringement of the ‘581 Patent and with 25 knowledge that such acts constitute infringement of the ‘581 Patent. iPod Touch and Mac 35 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Such direct infringers include 18 customers such as corporations and other entities setting up IKEv2 type MOBIKE enabled virtual 19 private networks to make sure users are able to securely access resources remotely via. 26 232. 20 their iOS devices. those that 17 use AppleCare for Enterprise. iOS 11. encouraging and instructing 16 others. Apple has knowingly and actively induced infringement of claims 1-9 of the ‘581 10 Patent under 35 U. macOS Sierra.S. 6 229. Apple published the iOS Deployment Overview for Business whitepaper to encourage 5 customers and end users to securely access company resources remotely via their iOS devices. Apple devices including iPhones. §271(c) by. Apple has had actual notice of its infringement of the ‘581 Patent by no later than 22 October 17. 9 230. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the 14 same features and functionalities: iOS 9. 2016 when it received MPH’s letter advising Apple of the ‘581 Patent and providing a 23 detailed claim chart applying the ‘581 Patent to Apple’s iOS and OS X/macOS devices. to configure 8 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products for use in virtual private networking. Apple provides programs including Apple Configurator. selling and offering for sale in the United 11 States. 2 227. including without limitation. §271(b) by. such as its enterprise and other end-user customers.C. iPads. Apple provides iOS and macOS Security whitepapers that encourage the use of 3 accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products in virtual private networking. among other things. Apple devices including iPhones. for example. and importing into the United States. iPads. 4 228.C. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 36 of 42 1 Guidelines with an IKEv2 setup. among other things. iOS 12 OS X El Capitan. for example. and by advertising. aiding. to use them in an infringing manner. 21 231. and 28 importing into the United States. selling and offering for sale in the United States. iPod Touch and 12 Mac computers running the following Apple operating systems that provide IKEv2 type VPN and 13 enable MOBIKE.S. Apple School Manager and 7 Apple Business Manager and instructions for using the programs including.
without limitation. With full awareness 25 of the ‘581 Patent. and flagrant. consciously wrong. iOS 11. instructing and aiding 5 others. for example. and MPH is 16 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. Apple has engaged in these 6 activities knowing that the Apple devices running operating systems that provide IKEv2 type VPN 7 and enable MOBIKE are especially made and adapted for use. 21 malicious. wanton. in a manner that 8 constitutes infringement of the ‘581 Patent. and by advertising. OS X El Capitan. the acts of infringement of the ‘581 Patent by Apple 18 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 19 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘581 Patent.C. offering for sale 27 and importing into the United States the accused Apple MOBIKE-implemented products. 15 233. but in no 17 event less than a reasonable royalty. promoting. their iOS devices. Apple continued selling. macOS Sierra. macOS 4 High Sierra and macOS Mojave. The direct infringers for Apple’s contributory infringement under 35 11 U. iOS 12. 28 36 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . encouraging. and despite the knowledge that its actions would induce others to infringe and 26 contribute to the infringement of others of the ‘581 Patent. 2016 including detailed claim 23 charts for the ‘581 Patent showing the relevance of the ‘581 Patent to Apple’s adoption of 24 “MOBIKE” technologies (IETF RFC 4555) in its iOS and OS X/macOS device. Further.S. and in fact used. including without limitation. §271(c) including. 14 those users or customers that use AppleCare for Enterprise. MPH provided Apple with notice 22 of Apple’s infringement of the ‘581 Patent by at least October 17. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the same 3 features and functionalities: iOS 9. such as end-user customers. Apple’s infringement of the ‘581 Patent has been and continues to be willful. These instrumentalities constitute material parts of the 9 patented inventions of the ‘581 Patent which are not staple articles of commerce suitable for 10 substantial non-infringing uses. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 37 of 42 1 computers running the following Apple operating systems that provide IKEv2 type VPN and enable 2 MOBIKE. in bad faith. 20 234. to use them in an infringing manner. iOS 10. users that use the accused Apple MOBIKE- 12 implemented products in an enterprise IKEv2 MOBIKE enabled VPN to make sure users are able to 13 securely access resources remotely via. deliberate. The acts of infringement of the ‘581 Patent by Apple have injured MPH.
a Wi-Fi connection and a cellular connection. 3 236. then it 25 will establish the secure connection. whereas the cellular VPN connection is used as a backup. the Wi-Fi VPN 16 connection is used for traffic. iOS 10. 3. literally or 4 through the doctrine of equivalents. i. When a device is connected to Wi-Fi. 10. 6 237. when a device begins using a 21 different connection. it automatically establishes two secure VPN connections. 8. An Apple device using Always-on VPN will have two separate IP addresses for 20 simultaneously existing Wi-Fi and cellular VPN connections. such as from a Wi-Fi connection to cellular 12 connection and vice-versa. and iOS 11. 9. 6. As described below. An Apple device using Always-on VPN can register a second secure connection for 27 immediate and/or later use. set up. If it does not. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe. iOS 9.302 2 235. PATENT NO. it will use the cellular VPN connection without needing to reestablish 18 the secure connection. it will change 22 IP addresses. Apple encourages and instructs its customers how to 8 enable. Thus. When an Apple device using Always-on VPN changes to a new address. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 38 of 42 1 COUNT VIII . 13 239. 5. it will 24 confirm whether a secure connection already exists using a connection table.e. With the Always-on VPN 11 feature. Apple provides Always-on VPN on Apple iOS devices. 28 37 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . changes from a Wi-Fi to a cellular connection or vice-versa. 7 running iOS 8. 11. including iPhones and iPads. 13. 2.037. at least claims 1. 23 241. 4.. If a device 17 loses its connection to Wi-Fi.S. Apple’s Always-on VPN enables devices to simultaneously connect to two secure 10 network connections. MPH incorporates by reference paragraphs 1-234 as if fully set forth herein.INFRINGEMENT OF U. a first secure connection over 15 Wi-Fi and a second secure cellular connection. without reestablishing the connection. 19 240.e. 9 238. Apple devices can move between networks. and 16 of the ‘302 5 Patent. and configure Always-on VPN. When an Apple device using Always-on VPN has both Wi-Fi and cellular 14 connections. i.. 26 242.
2016 when MPH provided a claim chart comparing the claims to Apple’s Always-On 25 VPN feature. iOS 10. § 271(a) through. 9. 6. 4. Apple’s direct infringement includes. and 16 of the ‘302 Patent under 35 U. 2016 when it received MPH’s letter advising Apple of the ‘302 Patent. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 39 of 42 1 243. 21 10. and further on 24 November 22. iOS 11 and iOS 12 operating systems 11 with VPN gateways. without limitation. 13. 11. 9. selling. § 271(c) by. to use the 20 Accused Apple Always-On VPN feature in a manner that directly infringes claims 1. iOS 11.S. 10. offering 38 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . and iOS 12 and by 19 advertising. 10. Apple has carried out these actions with the specific intent to induce infringement of 26 the ‘302 Patent and with knowledge that such acts constitute infringement of the ‘302 Patent. 2. Because Always-on VPN uses IKEv2 tunnels to secure traffic. 6. 13. 13. 5. 3 244. 7 247.S. aiding. iOS 10. 9. iOS 9. 3. Apple’s Always-on VPN uses IKEv2 as the default tunneling protocol to establish 2 secure connections. 5. and 16 of the ‘302 Patent under 35 U. 5. 8 3. 4 245. For example. 27 250.C. IKEv2 is a component of IPsec. 4. 2. 28 11. its employees and agents’ testing and other use of Always-on VPN on Apple iOS devices. among other 9 things. 10 including iPhones and iPads. 2. 9. 13. § 271(b) by. such as its enterprise customers. iOS 9. 22 249. 5 246. encouraging and instructing others. 6. the accused Apple 6 devices send messages using IP packets. among 15 other things. 3.C. 10. 11. 4. as described above. Apple has had actual notice of its infringement of the ‘302 Patent by no later than 23 October 18.C.S. and importing in and into the United States infringing Apple 16 iOS devices with the Always-On VPN feature. 5. offering for sale. 3. 2. among other things. Apple has infringed and continues to infringe at least claims 1. Apple has and continues to knowingly and actively induce infringement of at least 14 claims 1. Based on the above. and 16 of the ‘302 Patent. selling. 11. and 16 of the ‘302 Patent under 35 U. 4. 13 248. with the iOS 8. the 12 testing of Always-on VPN for evaluation by the NIAP. as well as all other software versions which provide the same or 18 substantially the same features and functionalities: iOS 8. Apple has also contributed to the infringement of at least claims 1. including iPhones and iPads running the following 17 Apple operating systems. IKEv2 is a key exchange. 6.
and MPH is 14 entitled to recover damages adequate to compensate it for such infringement from Apple. 13. 3. iOS 10. § 271(c) 12 include. the acts of infringement of the ‘302 Patent by Apple 16 have injured and will continue to injure MPH unless and until this Court enters an injunction 17 prohibiting further infringement of the ‘302 Patent. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 40 of 42 1 for sale. 13 251. 2. as stated above. and importing in and into the United States infringing Apple iOS devices with the Always- 2 On VPN feature. such as its enterprise customers. as well 3 as all other software versions which provide the same or substantially the same features and 4 functionalities: iOS 8. to use the Accused Apple Always-On VPN 6 feature in a manner that directly infringes claims 1. Despite knowledge of its infringement. consciously wrong. in a manner that constitutes infringement of the ‘302 Patent. The acts of infringement of the ‘302 Patent by Apple have injured MPH. The direct infringers for Apple’s contributory infringement under 35 U. 39 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . 9. 19 malicious. 2016. but in no 15 event less than a reasonable royalty. without limitation. deliberate.S. 18 252. and in fact used. Apple has engaged in these activities knowing that these Apple devices are especially made 8 and adapted for use. 9 These Apple devices configured with Apple software constitute material parts of the patented 10 inventions of the ‘302 Patent. On November 22. aiding. iOS 9. Further. including iPhones and iPads running the following Apple operating systems. 26 NOTICE OF INFRINGEMENT AND “EXCEPTIONAL CASE” 27 253. 6. MPH provided Apple with notice 20 of Apple’s infringement of the ‘302 Patent by at least October 17. iOS 11 and iOS 12. 5. 11.C. including its iOS and 23 OS X/macOS devices. 4. Apple’s infringement of the ‘302 Patent has been and continues to be willful.C. Apple continues its acts of 24 infringement of the ‘302 patent. Apple’s infringement of the ‘302 Patent is 25 willful. 21 MPH’s counsel provided detailed claim charts for the ‘302 Patent regarding Apple’s Always-On VPN 22 feature.S. which are not staple articles of commerce suitable for substantial non- 11 infringing uses. § 287. To the extent required by law. and flagrant. encouraging 5 and instructing others. in bad faith. As such. and by advertising. 10. and 16 of the ‘302 7 Patent. 2016. wanton. further showing the relevance of the MPH patents to Apple’s products. its enterprise customers. MPH has complied with the applicable provisions of 35 28 U.
agents. asks this Court to enter judgment against Apple and its 6 subsidiaries.C.S. Such other and further relief as this Court or a jury may deem proper and just. Accordingly. together with prejudgment interest from the date infringement of the patents-in-suit 10 began. § 285. inducement of infringement.peden@leclairryan. and contributory infringement of the ‘949 Patent.com LECLAIRRYAN. A permanent injunction under 35 U. 21 22 /s/ Patricia L. An award to MPH of all remedies available under 35 U.S. This is an “exceptional case” under 35 U. ‘581 Patent. Lee 28 (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) 40 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT . Esq. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 41 of 42 1 254. servants.C. § 154(d) and 35 12 U. CA 94104 Phone: (415) 391. 4 PRAYER FOR RELIEF 5 WHEREFORE. ‘494 Patent. An award of damages adequate to compensate MPH for the infringement that 9 has occurred. LLP 24 44 Montgomery Street Suite 3100 25 San Francisco. § 283 prohibiting further 15 infringement. An award to MPH of all remedies available under 35 U. 20 Dated: September 27. affiliates. § 284. 13 C. Plaintiff. MPH is 3 entitled to an award of its attorneys’ fees. MPH. 11 B. § 285 because it stands out from others 2 with respect to the lack of substantive strength underlying Apple’s positions.S. (SBN 206440) 23 patricia. Peden.7111 26 Fax: (415) 391. and ‘302 Patent.C.C. ‘502 Patent. ‘362 Patent.S.S. 2018 Respectfully Submitted. granting the following relief: 8 A. ‘810 Patent. employees and all persons in active concert or participation 7 with them. 18 JURY DEMAND 19 MPH demands a trial by jury on all issues so triable.8766 27 Christopher J. ‘397 16 Patent. 14 D. and 17 E. Peden Patricia L.C.
4 (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) rmegley@leesheikh. Suite 2230 Chicago. Megley. Case 3:18-cv-05935 Document 1 Filed 09/27/18 Page 42 of 42 1 clee@leesheikh.com Dragan Gjorgiev 9 (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) dgjorgiev@leesheikh. Haan (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) 6 bhaan@leesheikh.com 10 LEE SHEIKH MEGLEY & HAAN LLC 11 111 West Jackson Boulevard.com Ashley E.com 3 Richard B.com 5 Brian E. IL 60604 12 Phone: (312) 982-0070 Fax: (312) 982-0071 13 Attorneys for Plaintiff 14 MPH TECHNOLOGIES OY 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 41 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT .com David J. Jr. Sheikh 2 (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) dsheikh@leesheikh. LaValley 7 (Pro Hac Vice Application Pending) 8 alavalley@leesheikh.

References: Application No. 2016
 Application No. 2017
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 Application No. 15
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