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In 1962, Ewing formally proposed establishing the genus Providencia to include various strains and biogroups previously classified in the Providence group. Two species were recognized, namely, P. alcalifaciens (formerly Providence subgroup A) and P. stuartii (Providence subgroup B). In 1978, Brenner and associates provided a detailed taxonomic assessment of current members of the genera Proteus and Providencia by using DNA reassociation kinetics. The major conclusion of this study was that three species should be recognized in the genus Providencia, namely, P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, and P. rettgeri. This study also found that a previous biogroup of P. alcalifaciens represented a new but as-yet-unnamed species within the genus. Providencia spp. are uncommon causes of nosocomial infections, ranking low in incidence in causing hospital-acquired gram-negative bacterial illnesses in several national surveys. Clinical infections associated with the genus Providencia have been discussed in this chapter. Laboratory identification includes isolation, biogroups, molecular identification and immunodiagnostics have been discussed in the chapter. The literature regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of providenciae is somewhat confusing. Many surveys have chosen to report all strains under the heading of “Providencia spp.” rather than as individual species. Susceptibility of Providencia species to select antimicrobial agents is also discussed in the chapter.
Potential environmental reservoirs for Providencia. Boxes below each source indicate most common animals harboring providenciae.
Providencia isolate on heart infusion agar displaying opaque and translucent colony types.
Degradation of L-tyrosine crystals by Providencia.
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