Source: http://peractolegal.com/civil-procedure-code-cpc-1908/
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 20:51:32+00:00

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(1) This Act may be cited as the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.(2) It shall come into force on the first day of January, 1909.
(b) the State of Nagaland and the tribal areas.
(4) In relation to the Amindivi Islands, and the East Godavari, West Godavari and Visakhapatnam Agencies in the State of Andhra Pradesh and the Union territory of Lakshadweep, the application of this Code shall be without prejudice to the application of any rule or regulation for the time being in force in such Islands, Agencies or such Union territory, as the case may be, relating to the application of this Code.
1. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 2, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
(c) every commissioned or gazetted officer in the military, 6[naval or air forces] of 7[the Union] 8[***] while serving under the Government.
1. The words and figures “Section 47 or” omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977)..
2.Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976 for “Indian Civil Service” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 4, for clause (5) (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
4. Ins. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
5. Ins. by Act 42 of 1953, sec. 4 and Sch. III (w.e.f. 23-12-1953).
6. Subs. by Act 35 of 1934, sec. 2 sch., for “or naval”.
7. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “His Majesty”.
8. The words “including His Majesty’s Indian Marine Service”, omitted by Act 35 of 1934, sec. 2.
9. Clause (21) ins. by the A.O. 1950 and omitted by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
(1) In the absence of any specific provision to the contrary, nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any special or local law now in force or any special jurisdiction or power conferred, or any special form of procedure prescribed, by or under any other law for the time in force.(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the proposition contained in sub-section (1) nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect any remedy which a landholder or landlord may have under any law for the time being in force for the recovery of rent of agricultural land from the produce of such land.
(1) Where any Revenue Courts are governed by the provisions of this Code in those matters of procedure upon which any special enactment applicable to them is silent, the State Government 1[***] may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that any portions of those provisions which are not expressly made applicable by this Code shall not apply to those Courts, or shall only apply to them with such modifications as the State Government 2[***] may prescribe.(2) “Revenue Court” in sub-section (1) means a Court having jurisdiction under any local law to entertain suits or other proceedings relating to the rent, revenue or profits of land used for agricultural purposes, but does not include a Civil Court having original jurisdiction under this Code to try such suits or proceedings as being suits or proceedings of a civil nature.
1. The words “with the previous sanction of the G.G. in C”, omitted by Act 38 of 1920, sec. 2 and Sch. I.
2. The words “with sanction aforesaid” omitted by Act 38 of 1920, sec. 2 and Sch. I.
Save in so far as is otherwise expressly provided, nothing herein contained shall operate to give any Court jurisdiction over suits the amount or value of the subject-matter of which exceeds the pecuniary limits (if any) of its ordinary jurisdiction.
7. Provincial Small Cause Courts.
and sections 96 to 112 and 115.
1. Ins. by Act 4 of 1941, sec. 2 and Sch. III.
2. Subs. by Act 4 of 1941, sec. 2 and Sch. III for “under that Act”.
4. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (no. 2) Order, 1956, for “Part B States”.
5. Subs. by Act 1 of 1926, sec. 3, for “so far as they relate to injunctions and interlocutory orders”.
8. Presidency Small Cause Courts.
Gujarat– In section 8, in the opening para, After the words “Calcutta, Madras and Bombay” insert the words “and in the City of Ahmedabad”.
[Vide Gujarat Act No. 32 of 1961, sec. 21 and Sch. (1-11-1961)].
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976 for “77 and 155 to 158” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
9. Courts to try all civil suits unless barred.
The Courts shall (subject to the provisions herein contained) have jurisdiction to try all suits of a civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred.1[Explanation I].- A suit in which the right to property or to an office is contested is a suit of a civil nature, notwithstanding that such right may depend entirely on the decision of questions as to religious rites or ceremonies.
2[Explanation ll].- For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether or not any fees are attached to the office referred to in Explanation I or whether or not such office is attached to a particular place.].
Maharashtra– After section 9 insert the following section 9A.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this code or any other law for the time being in force, if at the hearing of any application for granting or setting aside an order granting any interim relief, whether by way of stay, injunction, appointment of a receiver or otherwise, made in any suit, on objection to jurisdiction of the court to entertain such suit is taken by any of the parties to the suit the court shall proceed to determine at the hearing of such application the issue as to the jurisdiction as a preliminary issue before granting for setting aside the order granting the interim relief. Any such application shall be heard and disposed of by the court as expeditiously as possible and shall not in any case be adjourned to the hearing of the suit.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), at the hearing of any such application the court may grant such interim relief as it may consider necessary, pending determination by it of the preliminary issue as to the jurisdiction”.
[Vide Maharashtra Act No. 65 of 1977, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 19-12-1977)].
(i) The appropriate form for resolution of an industrial dispute is the forum constituted under Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Jurisdiction of Civil Court is impliedly barred in such cases. C.T. Nikam v. Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad, AIR 2002 SC 997.
(ii) Telephone bill—Jurisdiction of Civil Court—The Civil Court has jurisdiction to enforce the right of a subscriber under section 7B of the Telegraph Act; Union of India v. Sasi S., AIR 1999 Ker 336.
(iii) The application for grant of interim relief would not be disposed of till decision on question of jurisdiction although ad-interim relief can be granted in view of provisions under section 9A(2); ICICI Ltd. v. Sri Durga Bansal Fertilizers Ltd., AIR 1999 Bom 402.
(iv) Under section 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the jurisdiction of Civil Court with regard to a particular matter can be said to be excluded if there is an express provision or by implication it can be inferred that the jurisdiction is taken away; Union of India v. Sasi S., AIR 1999 Ker 336.
1. Explanation renumbered as Explanation I thereof by Act No. 104 of 1976, Sec. 5 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
No Court shall proceed with the trial of any suit in which the matter in issue is also directly and substantially in issue in a previously instituted suit between the same parties, or between parties under whom they or any of them claim litigating under the same title where such suit is pending in the same or any other Court in 1[India] having jurisdiction to grant the relief claimed, or in any Court beyond the limits of 1[India] established or continued by 2[the Central Government] 3[***] and having like jurisdiction, or before 4[the Supreme Court].Explanation- The pendency of a suit in a foreign Court does not preclude the Courts in 1[India] from trying a suit founded on the same cause of action.
(i) The language of section 10 suggests that it is referable to a suit instituted in the civil court and it cannot apply to proceedings of other nature instituted under any other statute; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences v. C. Parmeshwara, AIR 2005 SC 242.
(ii) Two suits—Between same parties—Involving same subject‑matter and same questions—Held, subsequent suit should be stayed; Radhika Konel Parekh v. Konel Parekh, AIR 1993 Mad 90: (1993) LW 159: (1993) 1 Mad LJ 163.
4. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “His Majesty in Council”.
No Court shall try any suit or issue in which the matter directly and substantially in issue has been directly and substantially in issue in a former suit between the same parties, or between parties under whom they or any of them claim, litigating under the same title, in a Court competent to try such subsequent suit or the suit in which such issue has been subsequently raised, and has been heard and finally decided by such Court.Explanation I- The expression “former suit” shall denote a suit which has been decided prior to the suit in question whether or not it was instituted prior thereto.
Explanation V.- Any relief claimed in the plaint, which is not expressly granted by the decree, shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to have been refused.
Explanation VI- Where persons litigate bona fide in respect of public right or of a private right claimed in common for themselves and others, all persons interested in such right shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to claim under the persons so litigating.
[Explanation VII.- The provisions of this section shall apply to a proceeding for the execution of a decree and reference in this section to any suit, issue or former suit shall be construed as references, respectively, to proceedings for the execution of the decree, question arising in such proceeding and a former proceeding for the execution of that decree.
(i) The principle of res judicata is a procedural provision. A jurisdictional question if wrongly decided would not attract the principles of res judicata. When an order is passed without jurisdiction, the same becomes a nullity. When an order is a nullity, it cannot be supported by invoking procedural principle; Management of Sonepat Co-op. Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Ajit Singh, AIR 2005 SC 1050.
(ii) There is a distinction between issue estoppel and res judicata. Res judicata debars a court from exercising its jurisdiction to determine the lis if it has attained finality whereas the doctrine of issue estoppel is invoked against the party. If such issue is decided against him, he would be estopped from raising the same in the latter proceedings. The doctrine of res judicata creats a different kind of estoppel viz. estoppel by Accord; Bhanu Kumar Jain v. Archana Kumar, AIR 2005 SC 626.
(iii) First writ petition filed on the ground of apprehended bias and subsequent second petition was filed on allegations of actual bias, is not barred by res judicata; G.N. Nayak v. Goa University, AIR 2002 SC 790.
(iv) Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure has no doubt some technical aspects for instance the rule of constructive res judicata may be said to be technical but the basis of which the said rule rests is founded on the consideration of public policy; Sumer Mal v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 2000 Raj 1.
(v) The technical principle of res judicata would not be operative more so, if substantial change in circumstances is averred and found prima facie justified; Smt. Rehana Parveen v. Naimuddin, AIR 2000 MP 1.
(vi) Assuming, the cause of action in both the suits was based upon title in the suit land and was akin in all the cases, yet, as referred to above, in as much the earlier two suits were dismissed as withdrawn with permission to file fresh on the same cause of action, third suit will not be barred by any principle of law; Harbhagwan v. Smt. Punni Devi, AIR 1999 P&H 223.
(vii) Where the Sangh has been duly represented in the previous court proceedings and were litigating bona fidely which resulted in failure cannot be allowed to lay any objection in execution or to plead nullity of decree hence doctrine of res judicata applies. The decree of ejectment will bind every member of Sangh; Singhai Lal Chand Jain v. Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh, Panna, JT 1996(3) SC 64.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
13. When foreign judgment not conclusive.
(f) where it sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law in force in 1[India].
The Court shall presume upon the production of any document purporting to be a certified copy of a foreign judgment that such judgment was pronounced by a Court of competent jurisdiction, unless the contrary appears on the record; but such presumption may be displaced by proving want of jurisdiction.
15. Court in which suits to be instituted.
16. Suits to be instituted where subject-matter situate.
Explanation.– In this section “property” means property situate in 1[India].
Where the property mortgaged as collateral security for loan advanced to defandant by a bank situated at place ‘J’ then the suit for foreclosure by the bank can only be instituted before Civil Court at place ‘J’; Central Bank of India v. Eleena Fasteners (P) Ltd., AIR 1999 HP 104.
1. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 3, for “the States” (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
17.Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts.
18. Place of institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are uncertain.
(1) Where it is alleged to be uncertain within the local limits of the jurisdiction of which of two or more Courts any immovable property is situate, any one of those Courts may, if satisfied that there is ground for the alleged uncertainty, record a statement to that effect and thereupon proceed to entertain and dispose of any suit relating to that property, and its decree in the suit shall have the same effect as if the property were situate within the local limits of its jurisdiction :Provided that the suit is one with respect to which the Court is competent as regards the nature and value of the suit to exercise jurisdiction.
19. Suits for compensation for wrongs to person or movables.
20. Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises.
2[Explanation].-A corporation shall be deemed to carry on business at its sole or principal office in 3[India] or, in respect of any cause of action arising at any place where it has also a subordinate office, at such place.
(i) Facts pleaded which have no bearing with the lis or the dispute involved in the case, do not give rise to a cause of action so as to confer territorial jurisdiction on the Court concerned. For that fact pleaded must have relevance to the lis/dispute; Union of India v. Adani Exports Ltd., AIR 2002 SC 126.
(ii) Where the agreement stated that jurisdiction regarding all disputes is at Delhi where the agreement has been signed and executed while the agreement by parties was not signed at Delhi but at some other place, then the agreement cannot be said to be conferring exclusive jurisdiction to Civil Court at Delhi. Party can file a suit under section 20(c) at place where cause of action wholly or partly arose; Jabalpur Cable Network Pvt. Ltd. v. E.S.P.N. Software India Pvt. Ltd., AIR 1999 MP 271.
(iii) Where the agreement was an agreement for sale of movable property then sections 16 and 19 would not govern the cause of action in such case but section 20 of the Code would be attracted for determining jurisdiction of Court; Jabalpur Cable Network Pvt. Ltd. v. E.S.P.N. Software India Pvt. Ltd., AIR 1999 MP 271.
1. Explanation I omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 7 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 7, for “Explanation II” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1[(1)] No objection as to the place of suing shall be allowed by any appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity and in all cases where issues or settled at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.2[(2) No objection as to the competence of a Court with reference to the pecuniary limits of its jurisdiction shall be allowed by any Appellate or Revisional Court unless such objection was taken in the Court of first instance at the earliest possible opportunity, and in all cases where issues are settled, at or before such settlement, and unless there has been a consequent failure of justice.
There is no intermediary stage for raising an objection to jurisdiction except filing of written statement and taking that plea unless the matter is covered by section 9A of the Code; B.S.I. Ltd. v. M.V. “CRISTIAN-C”, AIR 1999 Bom 320.
1. Section 21 renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 8 (w.e.f 1-2-1977).
2. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 8 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1[21A. Bar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing.No suit shall lie challenging the validity of a decree passed in a former suit between the same parties, or between the parties under whom they or any of them claim, litigating under the same title, on any ground based on an objection as to the place of suing.
Explanation.-The expression “former suit” means a suit which has been decided prior to the decision in the suit in which the validity of the decree is questioned, whether or not the previously decided suit was instituted prior to the suit in which the validity of such decree is questioned ].
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 9 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
(i) Transfer application with allegations against the P.O. Report from P.O. may be called only with regard to the allegations contained in the transfer application; Pushpa Devi Saraf v. Jai Narain Parasrampuria, AIR 1992 SC 1133.
(ii) Both husband and wife initiating separate proceeding at different places. Both the proceedings triable by the same court. Husband’s case to be transferred to the place where wife’s case is pending; Ms. Shakuntala Modi v. Om Prakash Bharoka, AIR 1991 SC 1104.
(1) Where the several Courts having jurisdiction are subordinate to the same Appellate Court, an application under section 22 shall be made to the Appellate Court.(2) Where such Courts are subordinate to different Appellate Courts but to the same High Court, the application shall be made to the said High Court.
24. General power of transfer and withdrawal.
(2) Where any suit or proceeding has been transferred or withdrawn under sub-section (1), the Court which 1[is thereafter to try or dispose of such suit or proceeding] may, subject to any special directions in the case of any order of transfer, either retry it or proceed from the point at which it was transferred or withdrawn.
deemed to be a Court of Small Causes.
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 10 for “thereafter tries such suit” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 10 for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 10 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1[25. Power of Supreme Court to transfer suits, etc.(1) On the application of a party, and after notice to the parties, and after hearing such of them as desire to be heard, the Supreme Court may, at any stage, if satisfied that an order under this section is expedient for the ends of justice, direct that any suit, appeal or other proceeding be transferred from a High Court or other Civil Court in one State to a High Court or other Civil Court in any other State.
(i) In transfer of suits, appeals or other proceedings paramount consideration is that justice according to law is done; Dr. Subramaniam Swamy v. Ramakrishna Hegde, AIR 1990 SC 113.
(ii) No case can be transferred to another court unless first Court is biased or some reasonable grounds exist; Gujarat Electricity Board v. Atmaram Sungomal Poshani, (1989) SCJ 180.
1. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 11 for s. 25 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1. Section 26 renumberd as sub-section 26(1) thereof by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 2 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
2. Ins. by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 2 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
Where a suit has been duly instituted, a summons may be issued to the defendant to appear and answer the claim and may be served in manner prescribed 1[on such day not beyond thirty days from date of the institution of the suit].1. Added by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 3 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
28. Service of summons where defendant resides in another State.
(1) A summons may be sent for service in another State to such Court and in such manner as may be prescribed by rules in force in that State.(2) The Court to which such summons is sent shall, upon receipt thereof, proceed as if it had been issued by such Court and shall then return the summons to the Court of issue together with the record (if any) of its proceedings with regard thereto.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-5-1977).
29. Service of foreign summonses.
1. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 6, for section 29 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
* The Central Government has declared that the provisions of this section shall apply to all Civil Courts in Mongolia, vide G.S.R. 622(E), dated 1st October, 2005.
† The Central Government has declared that the provisions of this Act shall apply to all Civil Courts in the Kingdom of Bahrain, vide G.S.R. 644(E), dated 22nd October, 2005.
1. Substituted by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 4 (w.e.f. 1 -7-2002) for “not exceeding five hundred rupees”.
(1) Where and in so far as a decree is for the payment of money, the Court may, in the decree, order interest at such rate as the Court deems reasonable to be paid on the principal sum adjudged, from the date of the suit to the date of the decree, in addition to any interest adjudged on such principal sum for any period prior to the institution of the suit, 2[with further interest at such rate not exceeding six per cent, per annum as the Court deems reasonable on such principal sum from] the date of the decree to the date of payment, or to such earlier date as the Court thinks fit:1[Provided that where the liability in relation to the sum so adjudged had arisen out of a commercial transaction, the rate of such further interest may exceed six per cent, per annum, but shall not exceed the contractual rate of interest or where there is no contractual rate, the rate at which moneys are lent or advanced by nationalised banks in relation to commercial transactions.
Explanation I.-In this sub-section, “nationalised bank” means a corresponding new bank as defined in the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act 1970 (5 of 1970).
(2) Where such a decree is silent with respect to the payment of further interest 3[on such principal sum] from the date of the decree to the date of payment or other earlier date, the Court shall be deemed to have refused such interest, and a separate suit therefore shall not lie.
(i) General provision of section 34 would authorise the Redressal Fora and Commissions to also grant interest appropriately under the circumstances of each case; Sovintorg (India) Ltd. v. State Bank of India, AIR 1999 SC 2963.
(ii) The claimants have been allowed interest on the decretal amount from the date of the decree though the amount of compensation was quantified only from the date of the passing of the decree. In such circumstances the direction of the Division Bench in the matter of award of interest is also not liable to be interfered; Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Sushila Devi, AIR 1999 SC 1929.
1. Added by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 13 (w.e.f. 1-7-1977).
(1) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, and to the provisions of law for the time being in force, the costs of and incident to all suits shall be in the discretion of the Court, and the Court shall have full power to determine by whom or out of what property and to what extent such costs are to be paid, and to give all necessary directions for the purposes aforesaid. The fact that the Court has no jurisdiction to try the suit shall be no bar to the exercise of such powers.(2) Where the Court directs that any costs shall not follow the event, the Court shall state its reasons in writing.
(i) Employer committed default in not remitting premium from salary of an employee to LIC, Employer was directed to pay cost of proceedings to heirs of employee; Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking v. Basanti Devi, AIR 2000 SC 43.
(ii) It is necessary to discourage people from bringing petitions which are motivated by mere personal interests in the name of public interest, for which they have no locus standi. To prevent and penalise such abuse of the process of the Court in the garb of public interest, the Court invoked this section and imposed a cost of Rs. 10,000 on the petitioners; Prayag Vyapar Mandal v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1997 All 1.
1[Compensatory costs in respect of false or vexatious claims or defenses.(1) If any suit or other proceedings 2[including an execution proceedings but 3[excluding an appeal or a revision]] any party objects to the claim of defence on the ground that the claim or defence or any part of it is, as against the objector, false or vexatious to the knowledge of the party by whom it has been put forward, and if thereafter, as against the objector, such claim or defence is disallowed, abandoned or withdrawn in whole or in part, the Court, 4[if it so thinks fit] may, after recording its reasons for holding such claim or defence to be false or vexatious, make an order for the payment the object or by the party by whom such claim or defence has been put forward, of cost by way of compensation.
Uttar Pradesh-(i) For sub-section (1) of section 35 A substitute the following.
“(1) If any suit or other proceedings including proceedings in execution, but not being an appeal or revision, the court finds that the claim or defence or any part thereof is false or vexatious to the knowledge of the party by whom it has been put forward and if such claim or defence or such part is disallowed, abandoned or withdrawn in whole or in part, the court may, after recording its reasons for holding such claim or defence to be false or vexatious, make an order for the payment to the successful party or costs by way of compensation irrespective of the decisions on other issues in the case”.
[Vide U.P. Act No. 24 of 1954, sec. 2 Sch., Item 5, Entry 1 (w.e.f. 30-11-1954)].
(ii) After sub-section (1) insert the following sub-section, namely:-.
“(1-A) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall mutatis mutandis apply to an appeal where the appellate Court confirms the decision of the trial court and the trial court has not awarded or insufficient, compensatory cost under that sub-section.
[Vide U.P. Act No. 57 of 1976, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 1-1-1977)].
1. Section 35A was ins. by Act 9 of 1922, sec. 2, which, under section 1(2) thereof may be brought into force in any State by the State Government on any specified date. It has been so brought into force in Bombay, Bengal, U.P., Punjab, Bihar, C.P., Assam, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.
2. Subs. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 4, for “not being an appeal” (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
3. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 14, for “excluding an appeal” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
4. Subs. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 4 for certain words (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
5. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 14 for “one thousand rupees” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
6. Ins. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 7 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
7. Subs. by the Adoptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956, for “a Part B State”.
8. Ins. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 7, for “under that Act” (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
35B. Costs for causing delay.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 15 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 16 for s. 36 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
37. Definition of Court which passed a decree.
38. Court by which decree may be executed.
(i) Retransfer of execution proceedings at the instance of the judgment debtors do not preclude the decree holders from initiating fresh execution proceedings against other judgement debtors at original court; Om Prakash v. M/s. Hargovind Raj Kumar, AIR 1993 Raj 68.
(ii) Injunction decree is not enforceable. However, it can be enforced by seeking police aid on necessary directions from the Court; Matha Gavarayya v. District Collector, E.G. Distt., AIR 1993 AP 103.
Uttar Pradesh-Sub-section (3) of section 39 shall be substituted.
“(3) For the purpose of this section, a court shall be deemed to be a court of competent jurisdiction if the amount or value of the subject matter of the suit wherein the decree was passed does not exceed the pecuniary limits if any of its ordinary jurisdiction at the time of making the application for the transfer of decree to it, notwithstanding that it had otherwise no jurisdiction to try the suit”. [Vide U.P. Act No. 31 of 1978, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 1-8-1978)].
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, S. 18 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Ins. by CPC Act No. of 2002 section 2 (w.e.f. 1 -7-2002).
40. Transfer of decree to Court in another State.
The Court to which a decree is sent for execution shall certify to the Court which passed it the fact of such execution, or where the former Court fails to execute the same the circumstances attending such failure.
Uttar Pradesh-Section 42 shall be substituted by following.
(1) The court executing a decree sent to it shall have the same powers in executing such decree as if it had been passed by itself. All persons disobeying or obstructing the decree shall be punishable by such court in the same manner as if it had passed the decree, and its order in executing such decree shall be subject to the same rules in respect of appeal as if the decree had been passed by itself.
[Vide U.P. Act No. 14 of 1970, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 8-4-1970)].
2. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 19 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
43. Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts.
1[Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend.
Any decree passed by any Civil Court established in any part of India to which the provisions of this Code do not extend, or by any Court established or continued by the authority of the Central Government outside India, may, if it cannot be executed within the jurisdiction of the Court by which it was passed, be executed in the manner herein provided within the jurisdiction of any Court in the territories to which this Code extends].
1[Execution of decrees passed by Revenue Court in places to which this Code does not extend.
The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that the decrees of any Revenue Court in any part of India to which the provisions of this Code do not extend or any class of such decrees, may be executed in the State as if they had been passed by Courts in that State].
44A. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory.
1[44A. Execution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory.(1) Where a certified copy of decree of any of the superior Courts of 2[***] any reciprocating territory has been filed in a District Court, the decree may be executed in 3[India] as if it had been passed by the District Court.
4[Explanation 1- “Reciprocating territory” means any country or territory outside India which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a reciprocating territory for the purposes of this section; and “superior Courts”, with reference to any such territory, means such Courts as may be specified in the said notification.
4. Subs. by Act 71 of 1952, sec. 2, for Explanation 1 to 3.
45. Execution of decrees outside India.
1[45. Execution of decrees outside India.So much of the foregoing sections of this Part as empowers a Court to send a decree for execution to another Court shall be construed as empowering a Court in any State to send a decree for execution to any Court established 2[***] by the authority of the Central Government3[outside India] to which the State Government has by notification in the Official Gazette declared this section to apply].
“45-A. Execution of decrees etc. passed or made before the Commencement of the Code in Pondicherry- Any Judgment, decree or order passed or made before the Commencement of this Code by any Civil Court in the Union Territory of Pondicherry shall for the purpose of execution be deemed to have been passed or made under this Code.
[Vide Act No. 26 of 1968, sec. 3(i) and Sch., Pt II (w.e.f. 5-9-1968)].
1. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for section 45.
2. The words “or continued” omitted by the A.O. 1948.
2[Explanation I.-For the purposes of this section, a plaintiff whose suit has been dismissed and a defendant against whom a suit has been dismissed are parties to the suit.
(i) Executing court has to first decide whether preliminary decree in question is severable from final degree and can be executed independently. If not, then only after passing of the final decree it can be executed; Md. Serajuddin v. Md. Abdul Khalique, AIR 2005 Gauhati 40.
(ii) Once decree reached finality, it is not open to judgement-debtor to plead new facts in execution proceedings; Pothuri Thulasidas v. Potru Nageswara, AIR 2005 AP 171.
(iii) Suit was not ‘in reality’ one in the nature of execution of the earlier order of eviction in favour of plaintiff and is not barred. Suit based upon fresh cause of action. The High Court was wrong in treating present suit as one ‘virtually’ for execution of the order of eviction passed in the earlier rent control case. Hence the ban under section 47 cannot apply; Ajit Chopra v. Sadhu Ram, AIR 2000 SC 212.
(iv) An executing court granted decree for interest which was not part of the decree for execution on ground of delay and unreasonable stand taken in execution. Since the executing court cannot travel beyond decree under execution, the said decree was held to be without jurisdiction; Kameshwar Das Gupta v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1997 SC 410.
(v) New plea cannot be allowed to be raised for the first time in execution proceedings; Jalada Daland Uchha Bidyapith v. State of Orissa, AIR 1993 Ori 257: 1993 (1) Ori LR 77.
(vi) Execution of the decree ought not to be refused, unless the decree itself is a nullity; Jalada Daland Uchha Bidyapith v. State of Orissa, AIR 1993 Ori 257: 1993 (1) Ori LR 77.
(vii) Injunction decree can be enforced by the legal heir of the decree holder against the J.O. after the death of the decree holder; D’souza, J. v. A. Joseph, AIR 1993 Kant 68: ILR (Kant) (1992) 2972.
(viii) Death of the decree holder during pendency of the execution proceedings. His legal representative can continue the proceedings after obtaining the succession certificate; Kariyamma v. Assistant Commissioner and Land Acquisition Officer, AIR 1993 Karn 321: 1993 (1) Civ LJ 297: 1992 (3) Cur CC 664.
(ix) In absence of any challenge to decree no objection can be raised in execution; State of Punjab v. Mohinder Singh Randhawa, AIR 1992 SC 473.
(x) Auction sale held in execution of final decree can be set aside under section 47 on displacement by Appellate Court of preliminary decree on which final decree was based; Kumar Sudhendu Narain Deb v. Renuka Biswas, AIR 1992 SC 385.
1. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 20 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 20 for Explanation (w.e.f. 1-2-1977). Earlier Explanation was ins. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 5 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
48. Execution barred in certain cases.
Every transferee of a decree shall hold the same subject to the equities (if any) which the judgment-debtor might have enforced against the original decree-holder.
(1) Where a judgment-debtor dies before the decree has been fully satisfied, the holder of the decree may apply to the Court which passed it to execute the same against the legal representative of the deceased.(2) Where the decree is executed against such legal representative, he shall be liable only to the extent of the property of the deceased which has come to his hands and has not been duly disposed of; and, for the purpose of ascertaining such liability, the Court executing the decree may, of its own motion or on the application of the decree-holder, compel such legal representative to produce such accounts as it thinks fit.
51. Powers of Court to enforce execution.
Uttar Pradesh-In section 51 of the Code Clause (bb) shall be inserted after clause (b).
[Vide U.P. Act No. 24 of 1954, sec. 2 and Sch I, Item 5, Entry 4 (w.e.f. 30-11-1954)].
Money decree passed against the company and its managing director. Held, the decree is not passed against Managing Director in his individual capacity. He cannot be sent to jail in enforcement of the decree; M/s. March Ltd. (In Liqn.), Chandigarh v. M/s. Pan India Plastic Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, AIR 1993 P&H 215: 1993 (1) Bank LT 127: 1993 (1) Land LR 431.
1. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 21 (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
2. Ins. by Act 21 of 1936, sec. 2.
52. Enforcement of decree against legal representative.
(1) Where a decree is passed against a party as the legal representative of a deceased person, and the decree is for the payment of money out of the property of the deceased, it may be executed by the attachment and sale of any such property.(2) Where no such property remains in the possession of the judgment-debtor and he fails to satisfy the Court that he has duly applied such property of the deceased as is proved to have come into his possession, the decree may be executed against the judgment-debtor to the extent of the property in respect of which he has failed so to satisfy the Court in the same manner as if the decree had been against him personally.
53. Liability of ancestral property.
For the purposes of section 50 and section 52, property in the hands of a son or other descendant which is liable under Hindu law for the payment of the debt of a deceased ancestor, in respect of which a decree has been passed, shall be deemed to be property of the deceased which has come to the hands of the son or other descendant as his legal representative.
54. Partition of estate or separation of share.
(3) Where a judgment-debtor is arrested in execution of a decree for the payment of money and brought before the Court, the Court shall inform him that he may apply to be declared an insolvent, and that he 1[may be discharged], if he has not committed any act of bad faith regarding the subject of the application and if he complies with provisions of the law of insolvency for the time being in force.
(4) Where a judgment-debtor expresses his intention to apply to be declared an insolvent and furnishes security, to the satisfaction of the Court, that he will within one month so apply, and that he will appear, when called upon, in any proceeding upon the application or upon the decree in execution of which he was arrested, the Court 2[may release] him from arrest, and, if he fails so to apply and to appear, the Court may either direct the security to be realised or commit him to the civil prison in execution of the decree.
1. Subs. by Act 3 of 1921, sec. 2, for “will be dicharged”.
2. Subs. by Act 3 of 1921, sec. 2, for “shall release”.
56. Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money.
The State Government may fix scales, graduated according to rank, race and nationality, of monthly allowances payable for the subsistence of judgment-debtors.
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 22, for “fifty rupees, for a period of six months, and” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 5 for “one thousand rupees”, (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
5. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, s. 22, (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
6. Subs. by Act No. 46 of 1999 section 5 for “five hundred rupees” (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
59. Release on ground of illness.
(1) At any time after a warrant for the arrest of a judgment-debtor has been issued the Court may cancel it on ground of his serious illness.(2) Where a judgment-debtor has been arrested, the Court may release him if, in its opinion, he is not in a fit state of health to be detained in the civil prison.
(p) where the judgment‑debtor is a person liable for the payment of land-revenue; any movable property which, under any law for the time being applicable to him, is exempt from sale for the recovery of an arrear of such revenue.
24[Explanation II.—In clauses (i) and (ia)] “salary” means the total monthly emoluments, excluding any allowance declared exempt from attachment under the provisions of clause (l), derived by a person from his employment whether on duty or on leave.
31[Explanation IV.—For the purposes of this proviso, “wages” includes bonus, and “labourer” includes a skilled, unskilled or semi skilled labourer.
Explanation V.—For the purposes of this proviso, the expression “agriculturist” means a person who cultivates land personally and who depends for his livelihood mainly on the income from agricultural land, whether as owner, tenant, partner, or agricultural labourer.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed 33[***] to exempt houses and other buildings (with the materials and the sites thereof and the lands immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) from attachment or sale in execution of decrees for rent of any such house, building, site or land, 34[***].
Andhra Pradesh.—In section 60, in sub-section (1), in the proviso, in clause (g), in its application to the Andhra Area of the State of Andhra Pradesh, after the words “stipends and gratuities, allowed to pensioners of the Government”, insert the words “or of a local authority”.
(ii) in Explanation 2 A, for the expression “clause (kk)”, substitute the expression “clauses (kk) and (kkk)”.
(ii) after Explanation 2, insert Explanation 2A which is same as given above with the addition of the words, brackets and letters “clause (gg) or” after the words “under the provisions of”.
(b) in Explanation I, after the brackets and letter “(g)”, insert the brackets and letters “(gg)”.
(i) in clause (g), after the words “stipends and gratuities allowed to pensioners”, insert the words “or of a local authority”.
“(kbb) the amounts payable under the policies issued in pursuance of the Rules for the Hyderabad State Life Insurance and provident fund, which are not covered under clause (ka) or (kb).
Pondicherry.— Same as in Tamil Nadu.
“not proved by the decree holder to have been let out on rent or lent to persons other than his father, mother, wife, daughter‑in‑law, brother, sister or other dependants or left vacant for a period of a year or more”.
“(3) Notwithstanding any other law for the time being in force an agreement by which a debtor agrees to waive any benefit of any exemption under this section shall be void.
(4) For the purposes of this section the word ‘agriculturist’ shall include every person whether as owner, tenant, partner or agricultural labourer who depends for his livelihood mainly on income from agricultural land as defined in the Punjab Alienation of Land Act, 1900.
(5) Every member of a tribe notified as agricultural under the Punjab Alienation of Land Act, 1900, and every member of a scheduled caste shall be presumed to be an agriculturist until the contrary is proved.
“Explanation 4.—Where any money payable to a Government servant of the State is exempt from attachment under the provision contained in clause (kk), such money shall remain exempt from attachment notwithstanding the fact that owing to the death of a Government servant it is payable to some other person”.
Tamil Nadu.—In section 60, in sub-section (1), in the proviso, after the words “stipends and gratuities allowed to the pensioners of the Government”, insert the words “or of a local authority”.
This Act has been extended to Kanya Kumari district and Shen Cottah taluk of the Tirunelveli District by the Madras by the Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration Boundaries) (Act 66 of 1959) by the Madras (Added Territories) Adaptation of Laws Order, 1961.
Immunity from attachment with regard to residential house is not available to debtor unless he establishes connection between the agricultural operations carried on by him and the house sought to be attached; Paruchuru Narasimha Rao v. Nune Pandu Ranga Rao, AIR 1994 AP 197.
1. For amendments to section 60, in its application to East Punjab, see the Punjab Relief of Indebtedness Act, 1934 (Punjab Act 7 of 1934), sec. 35, as amended by Punjab Acts 12 of 1940 and 6 of 1942.
2. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for “an agriculturist” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
4. For such a notification, see Gazette of India, 1909, Pt. I, p. 5.
6. Subs. by Act 9 of 1937, sec. 2, for clauses (h) and (i). The amendments made by that section have no effect in respect of any proceedings arising out of a suit instituted before 1st June, 1937, see Act 9 of 1937, sec. 3.
7. The words “and salary, to the extent of the first hundred rupees and one-half the remainder of such salary” omitted by Act 5 of 1943, sec. 2.
8. Subs. by Act 5 of 1943, sec. 2, for clause (i) and proviso.
9. Subs. by Act 26 of 1963, sec. 2, for “the first hundred rupees”.
10. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for “two hundred rupees and one-half the remainder” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
11. Subs. by Act 46 of 1999, sec. 6, for “four hundred rupees” (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
12. Ins. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
13. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for the proviso (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
14. Ins. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
15. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for clause (j) (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
16. Subs. by Act 9 of 1937, sec. 2, for “1897”.
17. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23 (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
18. Subs. by Act 9 of 1937, sec. 2, for clause (l).
19. Subs. by Act 5 of 1943, sec. 2, for “public officer”.
21. Subs. by Act 5 of 1943, sec. 2, for “any such officer or servant”.
22. Subs. by A.O. 1937, for “any law passed under the Indian Councils Acts, 1861 and 1892”.
23. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for Explanation 1 (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
24. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for “Explanation 2.—In clauses (h) and (i)” (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
25. Ins. by the A.O. 1937.
26. Subs. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23, for “3” (w.e.f. 1‑2‑1977).
27. Subs. by Act 5 of 1943, sec. 2, for “public officer”.
28. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “a Federal Railway”.
29. Clause (ii) omitted by the A.O. 1948.
30. The word “railway or” omitted by the A.O. 1950.
31. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
32. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 23 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
33. The letter and brackets “(a)” rep. by Act 10 of 1914, sec. 3 and Sch. II. 34. The word “or” rep. by Act 10 of 1914, sec. 3 and Sch. II.
35. Clause (b) rep. by Act 10 of 1914, sec. 3 and Sch. II.
61. Partial exemption of agricultural produce.
62. Seizure of property in dwelling-house.
(1) No person executing any process under this Code directing or authorizing seizure of movable property shall enter any dwelling-houseafter sunset and before sunrise.
(3) Where a room in a dwelling-house is in the actual occupancy of a woman who, according to the customs of the country, does not appear in public, the person executing the process shall give notice to such woman that she is at liberty to withdraw; and, after allowing reasonable time for her to withdraw and giving her reasonable facility for withdrawing, he may enter such room for the purpose of seizing the property, using at the same time every precaution, consistent with these provisions, to prevent its clandestine removal.
63. Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts.
(1) Where property not in the custody of any Court is under attachment in execution of decrees of more Courts than one, the Court which shall receive or realize such property and shall determine any claim thereto any objection to the attachment thereof shall be the Court of highest grade, or, where there is no difference in grade between such Courts, the Court under whose decree the property was first attached.(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to invalidate any proceeding taken by a Court executing one of such decrees.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 24 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
64. Private alienation of property after attachment to be void.
Explanation-For the purposes of this section, claims enforceable under an attachment include claims for the rateable distribution of assets.
Sale of attached property before dismissal of execution application is void; Nancy John Lyndon v. Prabhati Lal Chodhury, AIR 1987 SC 2061.
1. Section 64 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act 22 of 2002, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
2. Ins. by Act 22 of 2002, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
1[(1)] The State Government 2[***] may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for any local area imposing conditions in respect of the sale of any class of interests in land in execution of decrees for the payment of money, where such interests are so uncertain or undermined as, in the opinion of the State Government to make it impossible to fix their value.3[(2) When on the date on which this Code came into operation in any local area, any special rules as to sale of and in execution of decrees were in force therein, the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare such rules to be in force, or may 4[***] by a like notification, modify the same.
1. Section 67 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act 1 of 1914, sec. 3.
2. The words “with the previous sanction of the G.G. in C.,” omitted by Act 38 of 1920, sec. 2 and Sch. I.
3. Added by Act 1 of 1914, sec. 3.
4. Ins. by Act No. 20 of 1983, sec. 2 and Sch. (w.e.f. 15-3-1984).
68.-72. Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1956 (66 of 1956), s. 7. (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
73. Proceeds of execution-sale to be rateably distributed among decree-holders.
The debts due to the State are entitled to priority over all other debts; Union of India v. Somasundaram Mills (P) Ltd., AIR 1985 SC 407.
Where the Court is satisfied that the holder of a decree for the possession of immovable property or that the purchaser of immovable property sold in execution of a decree has been resisted or obstructed in obtaining possession of the property by the judgment-debtor or some person on his behalf and that such resistance or obstruction was without any just cause, the Court may, at the instance of the decree-holder or purchaser, order the judgment-debtor or such other person to be detained in the civil prison for a term which may extend to thirty days and may further direct that the decree-holder or purchaser be put into possession of the property.
75. Power of court to issue commissions.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 26 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
76. Commission to another Court.
(1) A commission for the examination of any person may be issued to any Court (not being a High Court) situate in a State other than the State in which the Court of issue is situate and having jurisdiction in the place in which the person to be examined resides.(2) Every Court receiving a commission for the examination of any person under sub-section (1) shall examine him or cause him to be examined pursuant thereto, and the commission, when it has been duly executed, shall be returned together with the evidence taken under it to the Court from which it was issued, unless the order for issuing the commission has otherwise directed, in which case the commission shall be returned in terms of such order.
In lieu of issuing a commission the Court may issue a letter of request to examine a witness residing at any place not within 1[India].1. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 3, for “the States”.
78. Commissions issued by foreign Courts.
1. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 11, for section 78 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
1. Subs. A.O. 1948, for section 79.
2. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “the Dominion of India”.
“(4) where in a suit or proceeding referred to in Rule 3B of Order 1, the state is joined as a defendant or non applicant or where the Court orders joinder of the State as defendant or non applicant in exercise of powers under Rule 10(2) of Order 1 such suit or proceeding shall not be dismissed by reasons of Omission of the plaintiff or applicant to issue notice under sub-section (1)”.
(ii) In sub-section (1) of section 80 for the words “sub-section (2)” substitute “sub-section (2) or (4)”. [M.P. Act No. 29 of 1984].
1. Sec. 80 renumbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 27 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 27 for “No suit shall be instituted’ (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Subs. by Act 26 of 1963, sec. 3 for “shall be instituted against the Government” (w.e.f. 5-6-1964). The words in italics were subs. by the A.O. 1948 for “instituted against the Crown”.
4. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, “in case of the Secretary of State in Council, deliver to , or left at the office of a Secretary to the L.G. or the COntroller ofn the district”.
5. Ins. by Act 6 of 1948, sec. 2.
6. Clause (aa) ins. by Act 6 of 1948, sec. 2.
7. Clause (aa) relettered as clause (b) and the former clause (b) omitted by the A.O. 1948.
8. Ins. by the Act 26 of 1963, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 5-6-1964).
9. Subs. by the Act 26 of 1963, sec. 3 for “a State Government” (w.e.f. 5-6-1964).
10. The word “and” omitted by the A.O. 1948.
11. Clause (d) omitted by the A.O. 1948.
12. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 27 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
81. Exemption from arrest and personal appearance.
1[(1) Where, in a suit by or against the Government or by or against a public officer in respect of any act purporting to be done him in his official capacity, a decree is passed against the Union of India or a State or, as the case may be, the public officer, such decree shall not be executed except in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2)].
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976 for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976 for “such report” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Ins. by Act 32 of 1949, sec. 2.
4. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “the Dominion of India”.
83. When aliens may sue.
Alien enemies residing in India with the permission of the Central Government, and alien friends, may sue in any Court otherwise competent to try the suit, as if they were citizens of India, but alien enemies residing in India without such permission, or residing in a foreign country, shall not sue in any such court.Explanation-Every person residing in a foreign country, the Government of i which is at war with India and carrying on business in that country without a licence in that behalf granted by the Central Government, shall, for the purpose of this section, be deemed to be an alien enemy residing in a foreign country.
A foreign State may sue in any competent Court:Provided that the object of the suit is to enforce a private right vested in the Ruler of such State or in any officer of such State in his public capacity.
85. Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend on behalf of foreign Rulers.
(1) The Central Government may, at the request of the Ruler of a foreign State or at the request of any person competent in the opinion of the Central Government to act on behalf of such Ruler, by order, appoint any persons to prosecute or defend any suit on behalf of such Ruler, and any persons so appointed shall be deemed to be the recognized agents by whom appearances, acts and applications under this Code may be made or done on behalf of such Ruler.
86. Suits against foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys.
(1) No [* * * *]1 foreign State may be sued in any Court otherwise competent to try the suit except with consent of the Central Government certified in writing by a Secretary to that Government:Provided that a person may, as a tenant of immovable property sue without such consent as aforesaid 2[a foreign State] from whom he holds or claims to hold the property.
(2) Such consent may be given with respect to a specified suit or to several specified suits or with respect to all suits of any specified class or classes, and may specify, in the case of any suit or class of suits, the Court in which 3[the foreign State] may be sued, but it shall to be given, unless it appears to the Central Government that 3[the foreign State].
(d) has expressly or impliedly waived the privilege accorded to 4[it] by this section.
(c) any such member of the staff 9[of the foreign State or the staff or retinue of the Ambassador] or Envoy of a foreign State or of the High Commissioner of a Commonwealth country as the Central Government may, by general or special order, specify in this behalf.
10[as they apply in relation to a foreign State].
1. The words “Ruler of a” omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “a Ruler” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. S ubs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “the Ruler” (w.e.f. 1 -2-1977).
4. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “him” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
5. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “himself (w.e.f. 1- 2-1977).
6. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
7. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
8. Cl. (a) re-lettered as cl. (aa) by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
9. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “or retinue of the Ruler, Ambassador” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
10. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 29, for “as they apply in relation to the Ruler of a foreign State” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
87. Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits.
The Ruler of a foreign State may sue, and shall be sued, in the name of his State:Provided that in giving the consent referred to in section 86, the Central Government may direct that the Ruler may be sued in the name of an agent or in any other name.
87A. Definitions of “foreign State” and “Ruler”.
(b) “Ruler”, in relation to a foreign State, means the person who is for the time being recognized by the Central Government to be the head of that State.
1. Subs. by Act 54 of 1972, sec. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 9-9-1972).
2. The word “and” omitted by Act 54 of 1972, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 9-9-1972).
3. Subs. by Act 54 of 1972, sec. 3, for clause (b) (w.e.f. 9-9-1972).
88. Where interpleader suit may be reinstituted.
Where two or more persons claim adversely to one another the same debts, sum of money or other property, movable or immovable, from another person, who claims no interest therein other than for charges or costs and who is ready to pay or deliver it to the rightful claimant such other person may institute a suit of interpleader against all the claimants for the purpose of obtaining a decision as to the person to whom the payment or delivery shall be made and of obtaining indemnity for himself:Provided that where any suit is pending in which the rights of all parties can properly be decided, no such suit of interpleader shall be instituted.
1[89. Settlement of disputes outside the Court.
1. Sec. 89 was repealed by Act 10 of 1940, sec. 49 and Sch. II and again added by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 7 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
90. Power to state case for opinion of Court.
Where any person agree in writing to state a case for the opinion of the Court, then the Court shall try and determine the same in the manner prescribed.
1. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 30 for the former heading (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
(2) Save as provided by the Religious Endowments Act, 1863 (20 of 1863) 4[or by any corresponding law in force in 5[the territories which, immediately before the 1st November, 1956, were comprised in Part B States]], no suit claiming any of the reliefs specified in sub-section (1) shall be instituted in respect of any such trust as is therein referred to except in conformity with provisions of that sub-section.
(i) Suit against the appointment of trustees—Held, court cannot enquire whether the trustees were validly appointed under provisions of section 92; Duttgir Mahant v. Rishi Ram, AIR 1993 P&H 231: 1993(1) Cur LJ 209: (1993) 1 Pun LR 95.
(ii) Sale of property of religious and charitable endowments by private negotiation should not be permitted by court unless justified by special reasons; R. Venugopala Naidu v. Venkatarayulu Naidu Charities, AIR 1990 SC 444.
1. Section 92 shall not apply to any religious trust in Bihar.
2. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976 for “consent in writing of the Advocate-General” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
3. Ins. by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 9 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
4. Ins. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 13 (1-4-1951).
5. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956, for “a Part B State”.
6. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 31 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
93. Exercise of powers of Advocate-General outside presidency-towns.
The powers conferred by sections 91 and 92 on the Advocate-General may, outside the presidency-towns, be, with the previous sanction of the State Government, exercised also by the Collector or by such officer as the State Government may appoint in this behalf.
(i) Provisional admission in post‑graduate medical course should not be normally granted in absence of special reason; U.P. Junior Doctors’ Action Committee v. Dr. B. Sheetal Nandwani, AIR 1992 SC 671.
(ii) Supreme Court will abstain from passing interlocutory order if it has effect or tend to be susceptible of an inference of pre-judging some important and delicate issue in main matter; Sub‑Committee of Judicial Accountability v. Union of India, AIR 1992 SC 63.
95. Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient grounds.
1. Subs, by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 8 for “not exceeding one thousand rupees” (w.e.f. 1 -7-2002).
2. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 32 for “expense or injury caused to him” (w.e.f. 1-2- 1977).
96. Appeal from original decree.
(1) Save where otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall lie from every decree passed by any Court exercising original jurisdiction the Court authorized to hear appeals from the decisions of such Court.(2) An appeal may lie from an original decree passed ex pane.
(i) When an ex parte decree is passed the defendant has two clear options. One to file an appeal and another to file an application under O. 9, R. 13 to set aside the order. Once application under O. 9, R. 13 is dismissed, he cannot by filing first appeal dispute the correctness of order posting suit for ex parte hearing or show cause for his non-appearance; Bhanu Kumar Jain v. Archana Kumar, AIR 2005 SC 626.
(ii) The subsequent events in first and second appeals cannot be taken indiscriminately into account. It may be permitted to be taken into account by appellate court by means of amendment of pleadings, in order to avoid multiplicity of proceedings but not where such amendment could cause prejudice to vested right of plaintiff and render him remedied; Shyam Sunder v. Ram Kumar, (2001) 8 SCC 24.
(iii) New plea relating to question of fact cannot be allowed to be raised for the first time before the Ist appellate court; K. Shivalingaiah v. B.V. Chandra Shekara Gowda, AIR 1993 Kant 29: 1992 (2) Kant LJ 536: ILR (Kar) (1992) 1996.
1. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 33 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Subs. by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 9 for “three thousand rupees” (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
97. Appeal from final decree where no appeal from preliminary decree.
98. Decision where appeal heard by two or more Judges.
Provided that where the Bench hearing the appeal is 1[composed of two or other even number of Judges belonging to a Court consisting of more Judges than those constituting the Bench] and the Judges composing the Bench differ in opinion on a point of law, they may state the point of law upon which they differ and the appeal shall then be heard upon that point only by one or more of the other Judges, and such point shall be decided according to the opinion of the majority (if any) of the Judges who have heard the appeal including those who first heard it.
Reference for opinion is permissible only if the judges who have heard the case have not pronounced their final judgments; Nirmal Swaran Singh v. Rozu‑ud‑din, AIR 1993 All 121.
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 34 for certain words (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
99. No decree to be reversed or modified for error or irregularity not affecting merits or jurisdiction.
1. Ins. by Act. No. 104 of 1976, sec. 35 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
99A. No order under section 47 to be refused or modified unless decision of the case is prejudicially affected.
1. Ins. by Act. No. 104 of 1976, sec. 36 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
1[100. Second appeal(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall lie to the High Court from every decree passed in appeal by any Court subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law.
(i) The scope of exercise of the jurisdiction by the High Court in second appeal under section 100 is limited to the substantial question of law. To be a substantial question of law must be debatable, not previously settled by law of the land or a binding precedent and answer to the same will have a material bearing as to the rights of parties before the Court; Govindaraja v. Mariamman, AIR 2005 SC 1008.
(ii) The High Court was not justified in setting aside the concurrent finding of fact on sub-letting and nuisance without formulating any substantial question of law; Hari Singh v. Kanhaiya Lal, AIR 1999 SC 3325.
(iii) The High Court, in second appeal is not justified in setting aside a mixed question of law and fact; Ram Kumar Agarwal v. Thawar Dass (dead) by LR, AIR 1999 SC 3248.
(iv) The High Court, should not interfere with the concurrent finding of fact in a routine and casual manner by substituting its subjective satisfaction in place of lower courts; Karnataka Board of Wakf v. Anjuman-E-Ismail Madris-un-Niswan, AIR 1999 SC 3067.
(v) Where the first appellate court has assumed jurisdiction which did not vest in it, the same can be adjudicated in second appeal, treating as substantial question of law; Kondiba Dagadu Kadam v. Savitribai Sopan Gujar, AIR 1999 SC 2213.
(vi) The findings of fact arrived by the courts below are binding in second appeal; Smt. Bismillah Begum (dead) by LRs v. Rahmatullah Khan (dead) by LRs, AIR 1998 SC 970.
(vii) Conclusion about limitation is a finding of fact and is not open for interference in the second appeal; Smt. Saraswatidevi v. Krishnaram Baldeo Bank Limited, AIR 1998 MP 73.
(viii) Once the evidence on which the courts of fact have acted was admissible and relevant, party cannot be allowed to raise that said evidence is insufficient to justify the finding of facts in second appeal; Ramanuja Naidu v. Kanniah Naidu, JT 1996(3) SC 164.
(ix) Second Appeal—Interference with the factual finding is permissible only if the said finding is unreasonable; Sadhu Mehar v. Rajkumar Patel, AIR 1994 Ori 26.
(x) Second Appeal—Interference with factual findings recorded by the court below is permissible in cases of non‑consideration of relevant evidence; Nalini v. Padmanabhan Krishnan, AIR 1994 Ker 14.
(xi) Question of fact can not be allowed to be raised in second appeal; Prabhu Dayal v. Suwa Lal, AIR 1994 Raj 149.
(xii) Interference with finding of fact is permissible if the court below ignored weight of evidence on record altogether; Ajab Singh v. Shital Puri, AIR 1993 All 138: 1993 All LJ 548.
(xiii) Erroneous application of law—Second appeal is maintainable If it raises a substantial question; Ratanlal Bansilal v. Kishorilal Goenka, AIR 1993 Cal 144: 1993(1) Cal HN 307: 1993 (1) Cal LJ 193.
(xiv) Interpretation of the contract involves a substantial question of law. It can be examined in second appeal; Smt. Vidya Wati through her LRs. v. Hans Raj through his L.Rs., AIR 1993 Del 187: 1993 Rajdhani LR 274.
(xv) Perverse finding recorded by the court below—Second appeal is maintainable; Ratanlal Bansilal v. Kishorilal Goenka, AIR 1993 Cal 144: 1993 (1) Cal HN 307: 1993 (1) Cal LJ 193.
(xvi) Factual finding based on no evidence—Second appeal is maintainable; Ratanlal Bansilal v. Kishorilal Goenka, AIR 1993 Cal 144: 1993 (1) Cal HN 307: 1993(1) Cal LJ 193.
(xvii) Finding of fact recorded by the first appellate court cannot be interfered with in second appeal unless perverse; Padmashree S.N. Swamy v. Smt. Gowramma, AIR 1993 Kant 208: 1992 (3) Kant LJ 244: 1993 (2) APLJ 18.
(xviii) Finding of fact cannot be questioned in second appeal; Ramaswamy Kalingaryar v. Mathayan Padayachi, AIR 1992 SC 115.
(xix) In absence of substantial question of law on current finding of facts it cannot be interfered with in second appeal; Kehar Singh v. Yash Pal, AIR 1990 SC 2212.
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 37 for Section 100 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
100A. No further appeal in certain cases.
1. Section 100A ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 38 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977) and substituted by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 10 and now further has been substituted by Act No. 22 of 2002, section 4 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
101. Second appeal on no other grounds.
No second appeal shall lie except on the ground mentioned in section 100.
102. No second appeal in certain cases.
1. Section 102 was substituted by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 11 and now further substituted by Act No. 22 of 2002, section 5 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
103. Power of High Court to determine issues of fact.
1. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 40 for section 103 (w.e.f. 1-2- 1977).
104. Orders from which appeal lies.
1. Clauses (a) to (f) omitted by Act 10 of 1940, sec. 49 and Sch. III.
2. Ins. by Act 9 of 1922, sec. 3.
3. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 41 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided, no appeal shall lie from any order made by a Court in the exercise of its original or appellate jurisdiction; but. where a decree is appealed from, any error, defect or irregularity in any order, affecting the decision of the case, may be set forth as ground of objection in the memorandum of appeal.(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any party aggrieved by an order of remand 1[*****] from which an appeal lies does not appeal therefrom, he shall thereafter be precluded from disputing its correctness.
1. The words “made after the commencment of this Code” omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 42 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
106. What Courts to hear appeals.
Where an appeal from any order is allowed it shall lie to the Court to which an appeal would lie from the decree in the suit in which such order was made, or where such order is made by a Court (not being a High Court) in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction, then to the High Court.
107. Powers of Appellate Court.
Neither the issue framed nor evidence led in trial court in respect of mixed question of fact and law. New plea raised before the Supreme Court not permissible on the ground that the establishment of fact by evidence for decision is necessary; Vasantha Viswanathan v. V.K. Elayalwar, (2001) 8 SCC 133.
108. Procedure in appeals from appellate decrees and orders.
109. When appeals lie to the Supreme Court.
1. Subs. by Act 46 of 1973, sec. 2, for section 109 (w.e.f. 29-11-1973).
110. Value of subject matters.
Rep. by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1973 (49 of 1973), sec. 3.
111. Bar of certain appeals.
Rep. by the A.O. 1950.
111A. Appeals to Federal Court.
Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, any Court may state a case and refer the same for the opinion of the High Court, and the High Court may make such order thereon as it thinks fit:1[Provided that where the Court is satisfied that a case pending before it involve; a question as to the validity of any Act, Ordinance or Regulation or of any provision contained in an Act, Ordinance or Regulation, the determination of which ii necessary for the disposal of the case, and is of opinion that such Act, Ordinance Regulation or provision is invalid or inoperative, but has not been so declared b; the High Court to which that Court is subordinate or by the Supreme Court, the Court shall state a case setting out its opinion and the reasons therefore, and refer the same for the opinion of the High Court.
Andhra Pradesh-In the Explanation to section 113 after the words “any Regulation of the Bengal, Bombay or Madras Code” insert the words “or any Regulation of the Madras Code in force, in the State of Andhra as it existed immediately before the 1st Nov. 1956”.
1. Added by Act 24 of 1951, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
(i) Subsequent event may be taken into consideration by the Court, while exercising review jurisdiction; Board of Control of Cricket in India v. Netaji Cricket Club, AIR 2005 SC 592.
(ii) The review petition was filed well within the time and since to review petition was not being decided by the High Court, the appellant filed the special leave petition against main judgment of High Court. Hence the Supreme Court overruled the contention that earlier special leave petition filed by appellant having been dismissed by the Supreme Court the second SLP was not maintainable being barred by the principle of res judicata; K. Rajamouli v. A.V.K.N. Swamy, AIR 2001 SC 2316.
Madhya Pradesh-For Section 115 of the principal Act, the following Section substituted.
(1) A District Court may exercise all or any of the power which may be exercised by the High Court under section 115.
(i) Order allowing proposed amendment would not also come under clause (b) of section 115(1). Under revisional powers of High Court this cannot be interfered with by High Court. Prem Bakshi v. Dharam Dev, AIR 2002 SC 559.
(ii) The objections filed by the petitioners were under Order 21, rule 36 C.P.C. and the only remedy against it is revision under section 115 C.P.C. The Appellate Authority has rightly dismissed the appeal in limine as not maintainble; Naresh Sharma v. Ramesh Chand, AIR 2000 HP 6.
(iii) Revisional court ought to consider and discuss evidence on which finding was based by lower authorities. Mere statement by Revisional court that there was evidence to show that the bona fides of the landlord was proved is not sufficient; K. Urmila v. Ram Kumar Verma, AIR 1998 SC 1188.
(iv) Revision against erroneous finding with regard to admissibility of evidence was held to be competent; Kundan Mal v. Nand Kishore, AIR 1994 Raj 1.
(v) Revisional jurisdiction of the High Court—Validity of an order can be examined even if no reason has been specified for order except exercise of power under a rule; Charles Mantosh v. Dalhousie Institute, AIR 1993 Cal 232.
(vi) Revision against an order admitting documents after arguments were over is not maintainable; Hemendra Chaudhary v. M/s. Punjab National Bank, AIR 1993 All 49: 1993(21) All LR 218: 1993 All LJ 76.
(vii) Ex parte decree of ejectment—Revision against—Death of one of the co-landlords during pendency of the revision—No substitution—Held, revision would not abate; Ram Gopal Sharma v. Ist Additional District Judge, Meerut, AIR 1993 All 124: 1992 All CJ 1026.
(viii) Revisional court is not competent to reappreciate evidence; Padartha Amat v. Siba Sahu, AIR 1993 Ori 92.
(ix) Under section 115 of the Code, the High Court connot reappreciate the evidence and cannot set aside the concurrent findings of the Courts below by taking a different view of the evidence. The High Court is empowered only to interfare with the findings of fact if the findings are perverse or there has been a non-appreciation or non-consideration of the material evidence on record by the Courts below. Simply because another view of the evidence may be taken is no ground by the High Court to interfere in its revisional jurisdiction; Masjid Kacha Tank, Nahan v. Tuffail Mohammed, AIR 1991 SC 455.
1. Sec. 115 re-numbered as sub-section (1) of that section by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
2. Ins. by Act 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977) and subs. by Act 46 of 1999, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
3. Ins. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 43 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
4. Ins. by Act No. 46 of 1999, section 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-2002).
116. Part to apply only to certain High Courts.
This Part applies only to High Courts 1[not being the Court of a Judicial Commissioner].1. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 14, for “CHARTERED HIGH COURTS” (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
Save as provided in this Part or in Part X or in rules, the provisions of this Court shall apply to such High Courts.
118. Execution of decree before ascertainment of costs.
Where any such High Court considers it necessary that a decree passed in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction should be executed before the amount of the costs incurred in the suit can be ascertained by taxation, the Court may order that the decree shall be executed forthwith except as to so much thereof as relates to the costs;and, as to so much thereof as relates to the costs, that the decree may be executed as soon as the amount of the costs shall be ascertained by taxation.
119. Unauthorized persons not to address Court.
Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to authorize any person on behalf of another to address the Court in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction, or to examine witnesses, except where the Court shall have in the exercise of the power conferred by its charter authorized him I so to do, or to interfere with the power of the High Court to make rules concerning I advocates, vakils and attorneys.
120. Provisions not applicable to High Court in original civil jurisdiction.
1. Sub-section (2) rep. by Act 3 of 1909, sec. 127 and Sch. III.
121. Effect of rules in First Schedule.
122. Power of certain High Courts to make rules.
1[High Courts 2[not being the Court of a Judicial Commissioner]] 3[***] may, from time to time after previous publication, make rules regulating their own procedure and the procedure of the Civil Courts subjects to their superintendence, and may be such rules annul, alter or add to all or any of the rules in the First Schedule.1. Subs. A.O. 1950, for “Courts which are High Courts for the purposes of the Government of India Act, 1935”.
2. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956, “for Part A States and Part B States”. Earlier the words “for Part A States and Part B States” were inserted by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 15 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
3. The words “and the Chief Court of Lower Burma”, rep. by Act 11 of 1923, sec. 3 and sch. II.
123. Constitution of Rule Committees in certain States.
2[***] referred to in section 122].
(4) Each member of any such Committee shall hold office for such period as may be prescribed by the 8[High Court] in this behalf; and whenever any member retires, resigns, dies or ceases to reside in the State in which the Committee was constituted or becomes incapable of acting as a member of the Committee, the said 8[High Court] may appoint another person to be a member in his stead.
(5) There shall be a secretary to each such Committee who shall be appointed by the 9[High Court] and shall receive such remuneration as may be provided in this behalf 10[by the State Government].
Assam and Nagaland-Substitute the following for clause (a) sub-section (2) of section 123.
Tamil Nadu-In section 123 sub-section (2).
(b) “Omit the words ‘Madras’ in clause (d)”.
1. Subs. by Act 13 of 1916, sec. 2 and Sch. for “each of towns of Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Allahabad, Lahore and Rangoon”.
2. The words “and of the Chief Court”, Omitted by Act 11 of 1923, sec. 3 and Sch. II. These words were again ins. By Act 32 of 1925, and subsequently omitted by A.O. 1948.
3. The brackets and words “(in Burma)” rep. by Act 11 of 1923, sec. 3 and Sch. II.
4. Subs. by Act 2 of 1951 sec. 16, for clauses (b) and (c).
5. Clauses (d) and (e) re-lettered as clauses (c) and (d) respectively by Act 2 of 1951, sec. 16 (w.e.f. 1-4-1961).
6. The word “and” omitted by Act No. 38 of 1978, sec. 3 and Sch. II. (w.e.f. 26-11-1978).
7. Cl. (d) omitted by Act No. 38 of 1978, sec. 3 and Sch. II. (w.e.f. 26-11-1978).
8. Subs, by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 44, for “Chief Justice or Chief Judge” (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
9. Proviso omitted by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 44 (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
10. Subs. by A.O. 1937, for “by the G.G. in C. or by the L.G. as the case may be”.
Every Rule Committee shall make a report to the High Court established at the town at which it is constituted on any proposal to annul, alter or add to the rules in the First Schedule or to make new rules, and before making any rules under section 122 the High Court shall take such report into consideration.
125. Power of other High Courts to make rules.
High Courts, other than the Courts specified in section 122, may exercise the powers conferred by that section in such manner and subject to such conditions 1[as 2[the State Government] may determine]:Provided that any such High Court may, after previous publication, make a rule extending within the local limits of its jurisdiction any rules which have been made by any other High Court.
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1920, sec. 2 and Sch. 1, Pt. I, for “as the G.G. in C. may determine”.
2. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “in the case of the Court of the Judicial Commissioner of Coorg, the G.G. in C., and in other cases the L.G.”.
126. Rules to be subject to approval.
1. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for section 126.
2. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “Governor General”.
Rules so made and 1[approved] shall be published in the 2[Official Gazette] and shall from the date of publication or from such other date as may be specified have the same force and effect, within the local limits of the jurisdiction of the High Court which made them, as if they had been contained in the First Schedule.1. Subs. by Act 24 of 1917, sec. 2 and Sch. 1, for “sanctioned”.
2. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “Gazette of India or in the local Official Gazette, as the case may be”. Strictly the substitution would read “Official Gazette or in the Official Gazette, as the case may be”, but the latter words have been omitted as being redundant.
128. Matters for which rules may provide.
129. Power of High Court to make rules as to their original Civil Procedure.
Rules regulating procedure of High Court on its original side need not be consistent with provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908; Tridium India Telecom Ltd. v. Motorola Inc., AIR 2005 SC 514.
1. Subs. by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956, for “for a Part a State or a Part B State”.
2. Ins. By the A.O. 1950.
3. Ins. By Act 2 of 1951, sec. 17 (w.e.f. 1-4-1951).
1[130. Powers of other High Court to make rules as to matters other than procedure.
1. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for section 130.
2. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “not constituted by His Majesty by Letters Patent”.
3. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “so constituted”.
4. The word and letter “Part A” omitted by the Adaptation of Laws (No. 2) Order, 1956.
5. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “section 224 of the Government of India Act, 1935”.
Rules made in accordance with section 129 or section 130 shall be published in the 1[Official Gazette] and shall from the date of publication or from such other date as may be specified have the force of law.1. Subs. by the A.O. 1937, for “Gazette of India or in the local Official Gazette, as the case may be”. Strictly the substitution would read “Official Gazette or in the Official Gazette, as the case may be”, but the latter words have been omitted as being redundant..
132. Exemption of certain women from personal appearance.
(1) Women who, according to the customs and manners of the country, ought not to be compelled to appear in public shall be exempt from personal appearance in Court.(2) Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to exempt such women from arrest in execution of civil process in any case in which the arrest of women is not prohibited by this Code.
133. Exemption of other persons.
(3) Where any person 3[***] claims the privilege of such exemption, and it is consequently necessary to examine him by commission, he shall pay the costs of that commission, unless the party requiring his evidence pays such costs.
1. Subs. by Act No. 66 of 1956, sec. 12, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
2. Sub-section (2) omitted by Act No. 66 of 1956, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
3. The words “so exempted” omitted by Act 66 of 1956, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-1-1957).
134. Arrest other than in execution of decree.
135. Exemption from arrest under civil process.
(1) No Judge, Magistrate or other judicial officer shall be liable to arrest under civil process while going to, presiding in, or returning from his Court.(2) Where any matter is pending before a tribunal having jurisdiction therein, or believing in good faith that it has such jurisdiction, the parties thereto, their pleader, mukhtars, revenue-agents and recognized agents, and their witnesses acting in obedience to a summons, shall be exempt from arrest under civil process other than process issued by such tribunal for contempt of Court while going to or attending such tribunal for the purpose of such matter, and while returning from such tribunal.
1. Ins. by Act 23 of 1925, sec. 3.
2. Subs. by Act No. 104 of 1976, sec. 45 for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 1-2-1977).
136. Procedure where person to be arrested or property to be attached is outside district.
(1) Where an application is made that any person shall be arrested or that any property shall be attached under any provision of this Code not relating to the execution of decrees, and such person resides or such property is situate outside the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Court to which the application is made, the Court may, in its discretion, issue a warrant of arrest or make an order of attachment, and send to the DistrictCourt within the local limits of whose jurisdiction such person or property reside or is situate a copy of the warrant or order, together with the probable amount of the costs of the arrest or attachment.

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