Source: http://tbj.ui.ac.ir/article_23491.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 16:55:24+00:00

Document:
جنس Echinops ازجمله تاکسون‌های بزرگ تیرۀ Asteraceae در ایران است که تقریباً در تمام نقاط کشور پراکنش دارد. بیشتر گونه‌های این جنس انحصاری ایران‌اند و صرفاً در محدوده‌ای کوچک حضور دارند. این جنس با داشتن کلاپرک‌های تک‌گلی آرایش‌یافته در گل‌آذین‌های ثانویه که ظاهری کروی دارند به‌خوبی از سایر جنس‌های تیرۀ مرکبان (Asteraceae) تشخیص داده می‌شود؛ باوجود مطالعه‌های تاکسونومیکی و تبارشناختی انجام‌شده، جنس Echinops کمتر ازنظر نام‌گذاری مطالعه شده است. پژوهش حاضر حاصل مطالعۀ دقیق گونه‌های این جنس ازنظر انطباق کامل با قوانین مربوط به کد بین‌المللی نام‌گذاری است. طی این مطالعه مشخص شد (1875) Echinops kurdicus Boiss. & Hausskn. تاکسونی نامعتبر است؛ زیرا هم‌نام مؤخری نسبت به Echinops kurdicus Bunge (1863) است. بنابراین Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh به‌عنوان نام جایگزین برای Echinops kurdicus Boiss. & Hausskn. پیشنهاد و تصویر هولوتیپ این گونه ارائه شد.
Echinops is one of the largest genera of the family Asteraceae in Iran which approximately distributed in all parts of country. Most species of genus are endemic to Iran and occurs exclusively in a very small area. Members of the genus are characterized by single-flowered capitula arranged into secondary inflorescences appearing as globose heads, which are easily distinguished from other genera of the family Asteraceae. In spite of taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, there are a few nomenclature studies regarding the genus Echinops. This research is the result of exact checking of species Echinops with International Code of Nomenclature. It was established that Echinops kurdicus Boiss. and Hausskn. (1875) is an illegitimate name as a later homonym of Echinops kurdicus Bunge (1863). So the name Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh nom nov. is proposed here as a replacement name for Echinops kurdicus Boiss. and Hausskn. In addition, an image of the holotype is provided.
Bobrov, E. G. (1962) Echinops L. In: Flora of the USSR (Eds. Shishkin, B. K. and Bobrov, E. G.) 27: 1-54. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad.
Boissier, E. (1875) Echinops L. In: Flora Orientalis (Ed. Boissier, E.) 3: 423-441. H. Georg, Geneva and Basel.
Bunge, A. A. (1863) Sur le genre Echinops. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 390-412.
Garcia-Jacas, N., Garnatje, T., Susanna, A. and Vilatersana, R. (2002) Tribal and subtribal delimitation and phylogeny of the Cardueae (Asteraceae): a combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 51-64.
Garnatje, T., Vilatersana, R., Susanna, A., Vallès, J. and Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (2004) Contribution to the karyological knowledge of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and related genera. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145: 337-344.
Garnatje, T., Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N. and Vallès, J. (2005) A first approach to the molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinops L. (Asteraceae): sectional delimitation and relationships with the genus Acantholepis Less. Folia Geobotanica 40: 407-419.
Hedge, I. C. (1975) Echinops L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Ed. Davis, P. H.) 5: 609-622. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Montazerolghaem, S., Rahiminejad, M. R., Mozaffarian, V. and Susanna, A. (2016) Taxonomic notes on the genus Echinops (Compositae, Cardueae-Echinopsinae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 263(2): 81-97.
Montazerolghaem, S., Susanna, A., Calleja, J. A., Mozaffarian, V. and Rahiminejad, M. R. (2017) Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the genus Echinops (Compositae, Cardueae-Echinopsinae): focus on the Iranian centre of diversification. Phytotaxa 297(2): 101-138.
Mozaffarian, V. and Ghahreman, A. (2002a) A new species of Echinops L. (sect. Oligolepis Bunge) from Iran. Pakistan Journal of Botany 34(1): 23-35.
Mozaffarian, V. and Ghahreman, A. (2002b) Three new species of Echinops (Compositae, Cynareae) from Iran. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 181-186.
Mozaffarian, V. (2006) A taxonomic survey of Echinops L. Tribe Echinopeae (Asteraceae) in Iran: 14 new species and diagnostic keys. The Iranian Journal of Botany 11(2): 197-239.
Mozaffarian, V. (2008a) Compositae: Anthemideae and Echinopeae. In: Flora of Iran (Eds. Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A. A. and Mozaffarian, V.) 59: 262-391. Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Tehran (in Persian).
Mozaffarian, V. (2008b) Four new plant species from Ilam province, Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany 14(2): 87-94.
Rechinger, K. H. (1979) Echinops L. In: Flora Iranica (Ed. Rechinger, K. H.) 139a: 3-84. Akademische Druck-U Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Sánchez-Jiménez, I., Lazkov, G. A., Hidalgo, O. and Garnatje, T. (2010) Molecular systematics of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cynareae): a phylogeny based on ITS and trnL-trnF sequences with emphasis on sectional delimitation. Taxon 59(3): 698-708.
Sánchez-Jiménez, I., Hidalgo, O., Canela, M. Á., Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Šolić, M. E., Vallès, J. and Garnatje, T. (2012) Genome size and chromosome number in Echinops (Asteraceae, Cardueae) in the Aegean and Balkan regions: technical aspects of nuclear DNA amount assessment and genome evolution in a phylogenetic frame. Plant Systematics and Evolution 298: 1085-1099.
Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Hidalgo, O., Vilatersana, R. and Garnatje, T. (2006) The Cardueae (Compositae) revisited: insights from a ITS, trnL-trnF and matK nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 93:150-171.
Susanna, A. and Garcia-Jacas, N. (2007) Tribe Cardueae. In: The families and genera of vascular plants (Eds. Kadereit, J. W. and Jeffrey, C.) 8: 123-146. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Susanna, A. and Garcia-Jacas, N. (2009) Cardueae (Carduoideae). In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae (Eds. Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. and Bayer, R. J.) 293-313. International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Vienna.
Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. and Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159: 1-203.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.