Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/394/310/
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 18:15:07+00:00

Document:
The cases are remanded to the District Courts for further proceedings in conformity with Alderman v. United States, ante, p. 394 U. S. 165.
No. 84, certiorari granted as to petitioner Franzese only and denied as to the others; 392 F.2d 954, vacated in part and remanded. No. 317, certiorari granted as to petitioners Mirro and McDonnell and denied as to the others; 396 F.2d 283, vacated in part and remanded. In the following cases, certiorari granted and the judgments below vacated and remanded: No. 28, 385 F.2d 988; No. 54, 390 F.2d 244; Nos. 106 and 168, 394 F.2d 304 and 327; No. 124, 393 F.2d 597; No. 129, 395 F.2d 47; No. 271, 397 F.2d 901; Nos. 474 and 715, 401 F.2d 664; No. 546, 398 F.2d 291; No. 668, 401 F.2d 259, and Nos. 895 and 911, 402 F.2d 380.
was unlawful." Of course, a finding by the District Court that the surveillance was lawful would make disclosure and further proceedings unnecessary. Similarly, it is not clear that each petitioner has standing to assert the illegality of the surveillance or of the introduction of its fruits. As in Alderman, Ivanov, and Butenko, these issues are to be resolved by the District Courts in the first instance.
MR. JUSTICE WHITE took no part in the consideration or disposition of Nos. 546, 895, and 911.
MR. JUSTICE MARSHALL tool no part in the consideration or disposition of Nos. 28, 106, 129, 168, 271, 546, 895, and 911.
* Together with No. 54, Scandifia v. United States; No. 84, Franzese et al. v. United States; No. 106, Evans v. United States; No. 124, Aiuppa v. United States; No. 129, Amabile v. United States; No. 168, Battalia v. United States; No. 271, Clay, aka Ali v. United States; No. 317, Di Pietto et al. v. United States; No. 474, Natarelli v. United States; No. 546, Hoffa et al. v. United States; No. 668, Stassi v. United States; No. 715, Randaccio v. United States; No. 95, Hoffa et al. v. United States, and No. 911, Dranow v. United States, also on petitions for writs of certiorari. Nos. 54, 84, 474, and 715 are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; Nos. 271 and 668 are to the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; No. 546 is to the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit; Nos. 106, 129, 168, 31, 895, and 911 are to the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and No. 124 is to the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
** We read the papers filed by the United States in these two cases as stating that the surveillances neither invaded the premises of the other petitioners nor overheard their conversations.
Instead, we have left that threshold question for the District Courts to decide in all these cases.
Moreover, we did not in Alderman, Butenko, or Ivanov, and we do not today, specify the procedure that the District Courts are to follow in making this preliminary determination. We have nowhere indicated that this determination cannot appropriately be made in ex parte, in camera proceedings.
"Nothing in Alderman v. United States, Ivanov v. United States, or Butenko v. United States, ante, p. 394 U. S. 165, requires an adversary proceeding and full disclosure for resolution of every issue raised by an electronic surveillance."
Taglianetti v. United States, post, p. 394 U. S. 316.
"if the President of the United States or his chief legal officer, the Attorney General, has considered the requirements of national security and authorized electronic surveillance as reasonable. [Footnote 2]"
One might suppose that all of this should be entirely clear to any careful reader of the Court's opinion in Alderman, Butenko, and Ivanov. Perhaps so, and perhaps, therefore, what I have said is quite unnecessary. But 10 years of experience here have taught me that the most carefully written opinions are not always carefully read -- even by those most directly concerned.
"Q. Are you asking us to decide here or to leave open on remand the question as to whether this violates, this bugging in this particular case, violates the Fourth Amendment?"
"A. Our position would be the same had it or not. We are not arguing that it did not violate the Fourth Amendment."
"Q. In other words, the premise in which you are proceeding here is that you admit for the purposes of this case that this was illegal bugging?"
"Q. And you are going to remain free to argue to the district judge that there was no violation?"
Katz v. United States, 389 U. S. 347, 389 U. S. 364 (WHITE, J., concurring).
Id. at 389 U. S. 359 (DOUGLAS, J., concurring).
See id. at 389 U. S. 358, n. 23.

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