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Verba Yu.V.. Philosophical and Psychological Problem of Existential Life in Nikolai Berdyev's, Gabriel Marcel's and Viktor Frankl's Researches // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2016. – № 12. – P. 981-990. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2016.12.23181.
Review: Existential psychology has very rich philosophical traditions. Alive human existence as an active, free, responsible and spiritual action is the main topic of researches by such religious and existential philosophers as Gabriel Marcel, Nikolai Berdyaev and Viktor Frankl. In this article Verba analyzes the definitions of the terms to be and to have in relation to human existentials such as body, love, talen, and faith in Marcel's works as well as his explanation of meaning, super meaning and existential vaduum. The author of the article has used methods and approaches of philosophical anthropology, existential and phenomenological analysis and hermeneutics. The main conclusion of the research is that the heritage of existential philosophers has a certain value for practical work of an existential psychologist, especially in our time when there is a so-called noogenic neurosis (loss of the meaning). To better understand the nature of human problems, it is necessary to carry out existential analysis based on the provisions of existential psychology and philosophy.
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Marsel' G. Opyt konkretnoy filosofii. M.: Respublika. 2004, – 224 s.
Gurevich P.S. Raskolotost' chelovecheskogo bytiya. M.: IF RAN, 2009.– 199 s.
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Berdyaev N.A. Smysl tvorchestva. Opyt opravdaniya cheloveka // [Elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://e-libra.ru/read/194892-smysl-tvorchestva.html (data obrashcheniya: 18.05. 2017).
Sartr Zh.-P. Bytie i nichto: Opyt fenomenologicheskoy ontologii. M.: Respublika, 2000. – 639 s.
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Fatenkov A.N. Ekzistentsial'naya ontologiya: kontseptual'nyy eskiz. Uchebnoe posobie. – N.Novgorod: Nizhegorodskiy gosuniversitet, 2015. – 169 s.
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Tul'chinskiy G.L. Smysl i gumanitarnoe znanie // Problema smysla v naukakh o cheloveke (k 100-letiyu Viktora Frankla): Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii. M.: Smysl, 2005. – S. 7–25.
Velikovskiy S.I. V poiskakh utrachennogo smysla. Ocherki literatury tragicheskogo gumanizma vo Frantsii / S. I. Velikovskiy. – SPb.: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2012. – 271 s.
Verba Yu.V.. Conceptual Configurations in Viktor Frankl's Philosophy // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2016. – № 9. – P. 773-779. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2016.9.21533.
Review: The subject of the research is a number of conceptual configurations in Viktor Frankl's philosophy. The author of the article pays attention to the spiritial unconcious as an in-depth part of the human psyche with all the essential desires such as love, freedom and responsibility. The author also focuses on the fact that alienation from one's spiritual unconcious leads to the loss of the meaning of life and existential vacuum. The term 'meaning' is viewed as the core that brings together a broken human being and unites body, spirit and soul. The author also touches upon such issues as 'God' and 'faith' that have a special meaning in Viktor Frankl's philosophy. In this research the author has used the principle of historicism as well as methods and approaches of philosophical anthropology. In the course of the research the author reveals new sides of the problem of existential vacuum and outlines positive ways for overcoming existential vacuum. The author also defines conceptual configurations that play an important role for a better understanding of human nature as well as describes so-called 'anti-meanings' that are usually reflected in 'hyper' and 'pseudo' tendencies.
Leont'ev D.A. Psikhologiya smysla: priroda, stroenie i dinamika smyslovoy real'nosti. M.: Smysl, 2003.- 487 s.
Yung K.G. Arkhetip i simvol. M.: Renessans, 1991.- 304 s.
Frankl V. Skazat' zhizni “DA!” Psikholog v kontslagere. M.: ANF, 2015.- 240s.
Freyd Z. Ya i Ono. M.: Eksmo-Press, 2016.- 864 s.
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Frankl V. Moskovskie lektsii 1986 goda // Problema smysla v naukakh o cheloveke (k 100-letiyu Viktora Frankla). Materialy mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii. M., 2005. S.245-273.
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Karimov M.G., Epanchintseva G.A.. The Phenomenon of Wisdom in the Historical-Philosophical and Psychological Discourses // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2015. – № 10. – P. 1032-1043. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.10.16378.
Review: The subject of the research is the phenomenon of wisdom from the point of view of history and philosophy. The authors of the article attempt to trace back the features of the phenomenon in literary monuments of ancient times as well as to define the essence and role of wisdom in the life of people back in those times. For example, wisdom included rules of social life and practical recommendations, at the same time, it was closely related to these or those theological systems prevailing in the society. The authors point out that Plato and Aristotle were the first ones to try to split the term 'wisdom' and describe practical and theoretical aspects thereof. In the Middle Ages wisdom was thought to be a divine attribute that just couldn't be understood by man. At the ages of Renaissance and Enlightenment wisdom was again viewed as a human achievement due to the researches of P. Sharon, R. Descartes, I. Kant and others. A new round of studying wisdom was started with the appearance of psychological researches. The authors of the present article view several theoretical and methodological models of wisdom offered by P. Baltes, R. Ardelt, J. Webster, D. Krawczyk and etc. The authors study implicit theories of wisdom in order to clarify the content of these concepts in a particular language environment. According to the number of articles and researches, the most popular approach is the assessment of pragmatic displays of wisdom. Assessment of wisdom as a latent variable can be performed with the help of self-reports described in this article. According to the authors of the article, the most preferred paradigm for studying wisdom is the analysis of personal traits of wisdom nominees, i.e. people who are thought to be wise by others. The main research methods used by the authors include theoretical historical and philosophical analysis, theoretical comparative generalization and classification of associated concepts and categories. In their article the authors underline how important it is to take into account the historical and philosophical prospects in order to construct a valid theoretical and methodological model of the phenomenon of wisdom. The authors also show the dialectical continuity of the theories of wisdom throughout various historical periods. The authors emphasize that it is more beneficial to apply a less formal approach methods to studying personality of so called wisdom nominees.
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Zelinskaya A.N.. Discovering Meaning Through Suffering // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2015. – № 9. – P. 913-922. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.9.12543.
Review: The subject under research is existentialism as the branch of contemporary Western philosophy that was created in the 20th century in response to the need for developing a new world perception that would be sensitive to the views of those times and became appreciated and popular in the 40s - 60s. Being a branch of philosophy, existentialism absorbed all the pain and tragism of the Second World War and reflected consequences of the intense psychological and social crises of victims of that tragedy. So-called existential situation is described in terms of extremity, maximality and transcendental existence. The theme of man's desolation is shown as the main problem of existential philosophy. The research of the problem is based on the analysis of existing sources on the problem and substantiation of the researcher's conclusions on the research topic. According to the results of the research, suffering from a meaningless life encourages us to search for a meaningful life. When suffering is not an everyday misfortune but caused by serious reasons such as loss of a loved one, unhappy love, betrayal or treachery, it can become a blessing. When suffering, we start to take the world and life more seriously and our feelings and emotions become more differentiated. The one who has never grieved does not know true happiness. Tragic situations oblige to lead a more sensible life and life itself gives the answers to all questions. The meaning can be found easier when there are grief and unhappiness. Tragic stories are absolutely for everyone. In a tragic situation the problem of meaning becomes especially acute.
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Review: In article the diverse features of judgment distinguishing the last from understanding and representation are considered. Description outlines sense as a detection phenomenon for shown authenticity, contextual conditionality, germenevtichesky disclosure and inclusion in a field of personal and strong-willed interest. Nevertheless the phenomenological description doesn't disclose a source of division of the events into the phenomenon and its sense, carrying the last both to natural conditions of a yavlennost, and to those editions which are introduced in reality by "the symbolical power". The question of the sense nature in the offered edition of a phylogeny is transformed to a question of the nature of "primary sense" (pathos, a spiritualizing, dedication) addressed to a sovereignty (subject), the eternal object having other sovereignty and, as bodies of realization of external activity, own community. Existence of similar (universal) object believes a question of the nature of "secondary sense" in a foreshortening of the "simulation" transforming animal intensions (instincts) to the plane of their kindling, deepening and "fullnesses sense". The logic of the genesis studied causes need of logical first of all code conversion: the fundamental thesis of understanding – as process of correlation this as yet not recognized – and the identification recognized on the way, correlation with this (other: a subject, or process, anyway known), has to contain historically more primary task reflection of the unknown, the unprecedented, spontaneous improvised.
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Chernov S.V.. New Look at the Nature of Genius // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2015. – № 2. – P. 159-174. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2015.2.14131.
Review: The research subject is the nature and meaning of genius. The genius is the highest degree of display of mind, consciousness and creative powers of man which generates qualitatively new creations that have a lasting influence on the development of the human race and human spiritual transformation concerning their ideas of love, truth and beauty. Human genius is a system of personal and spiritual attributes that helps a person to find, recognize and accept his destiny and brings personal will and spiritual depth into culture. The research of the nature of genius was conducted at the following three levels of the dialectical and phenomenological analysis: ideological and semantic level, figurative and personal level, and activity and meaning level. The novelty of the research is to develop a categorical conceptual apparatus presented in the form of structural models developed on the basis of a ternary classification; to distinguish and describe such features as a creative gift and destiny which determine the transcendental individuality of genius; to prove the special nature of the genius mind. The research shows that the genius personality present the ideal of man, the essence of man and the meaning of human existence.
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Review: As an existential emotion, fear has a special place in human life. The subject under research is the development of fear concepts both by psychoanalysts and existential philosophers. The author of the article describes the main views on the problem, peculiarities of developing a theory of fear and the role of the term ‘fear’ in different researches. Fearshows itself in different situations and has a universal ontological meaning. The author tries to show different sides of fear as the emotion felt in the process of personality formation. Using the method of hermeneutic analysis of texts, the author studies reasons and sources of fear as well as particular ways to overcome it. Courage is one’s ability to prove human existence plays a special role in the process of overcoming fear. Only courage can help one to cope with the fear of existence. The author also makes a hypothesis about a beneficial effect of anxiety on the formation of one’s personality and human in general.
Keywords: fear, awe, horror, anxiety, courage to be, death, personality, existentialism, psychoanalysis, freedom.
Contact information: Boyko Dmitry Vyacheslavovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Smolnaya 36.
N. I. Naroenko Ornament strakha. // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 12. - C. 99 - 106.
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Kiyaschenko, N. I.. The Tortures of Spiritual Communication // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2014. – № 3. – P. 282-294. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.3.11447.
Review: The subject matter of research is the phenomenon of non-communicability of public communications in modern culture as a consequence of the lack of true spirituality therein. The society of the 20th century first perceived and valued the phenomenon of public communications only as the effect of scientific and technological development. Mass media has given us an opportunity to manage the news flow. From this point of view, mass media effectiveness and psychology of perception are becoming the most important issues. Little by little this topic is becoming surrounded by new psychological and ‘socio-dynamic’ models of cultural information processes. However, it is also becoming apparent that being the main source of formation of world views and values, mad media blocks the access to true spirituality and cultural traditions. The author of the present research article uses the method of historical comparison of the old and current traditions associated with the phenomenon of public communications. The author also provides the phenomenological analysis of philosophical sources. The novelty and scientific importance of research is that the author describes the process of public communications in terms of spirituality. Moreover, the author focuses of challenges or ‘tortures’ of the communication process. The author also analyzes the ideas and theories introduced by famous modern philosophers and cultural researchers and describes paradoxes of public communications that eventually lead to the absurd and non-communicability.
Keywords: philosophy, public communications, spirituality, information, culture, scientism, techniques, popular culture, anonymity, myths.
Contact information: Kiyaschenko Nikolay Ivanovich, 119991, Russia, Moscow, ul. Volkhonka. 14/1, str. 5, komn. 413.
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Sherkova, T. A.. Image-Based Symbolic Language of Ancient Egyptian Culture: Predynastic Period // Psychology and Psychotechnics. – 2014. – № 2. – P. 152-166. DOI: 10.7256/2070-8955.2014.2.10890.
Review: Cosmogonic myths have always had a direct relation to social life. Life-sustaining activity of a social organism and human beliefs symbolically conformed to the perfect, sacred, harmonious cosmos, the picture of the world that was based on primary sources and roots. That created the main function of rituals which was the restoration of the cosmic order and constant returning to the beginnings of the universe in a cyclic stream of time. Therefore understanding the beginnings and primary sources was considered to be the most important. Understanding the beginnings of the universe was associated with the energy and libido necessary for the development of the society and human. Image-based symbolic language of the predynastic culture of Ancient Egypt laid the grounds for further development of culture which was reflected in religious and mythological texts and ritual practices. Mythological images and motives of the archaic period of Ancient Egypt can be compared to archetypal images and symbols in transpersonal psychology. Thus, the image-based symbolic language of Ancient Egypt helps us to better understand archetypal images stored in the unconsciousness of the ancient and modern human.
Keywords: energy of the first creation, returning to the beginnings, understanding the primary sources, symbol, transcendent function, archetypal images, embryology, transpersonal psychology, spirituality of the Great Mother, self.
Contact information: Sherkova Tatyana Alekseevna, 123001, Russia, Moscow, ul. Spiridonovka 30/1.
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