Source: https://greatestoccultist21century.weebly.com/aatd-the-city.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 04:27:34+00:00

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Apprentice Aaron suggested researching "politics" and related words. Apprentice Aaron has an interest in politics, so I agreed and the following is the result of my research.
In the Republic, Socrates theorizes that the city was formed because of the many wants of man. Gemistus Plethon or Pletho died 1452/54. The Oxford English Dictionary has been consulted and secondary sources are in red.
1475a (▸1450) S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 154 ...the book of Etiques and of Polettiques [a1460 anon. tr. Polletyques].
1475c tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 56 (MED), ..is declared in his boke of Polytykys.
1477 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 503,...weell handelyd, nore poletykly dalte wyth.
There are four references before the year 1500 and all are from secondary sources and none of the references are before the year 1400.
1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters i. xxix. f. xliiiv, ... whych els as for morall vertews & polytycall..were..
1529a J. Skelton Colyn Cloute (?1545) sig. B.viiv, ...Set nothyng by polytykes.
1550c Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 8 Aristotil sais in the fyrst beuk of his politiques, that [etc.].
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lxix. 34 Betwene his politikelesse pittie (erst saide) And his pitteles polisie,..
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Ciuilis, Scientia ciuilis, morall philosophie, the politikes.
1577 J. Dee Gen. Mem. Arte Nauig. 23..., they being also, Politicall Philosophers, and not Sophisticate.
1580 Breif Descr. Well of Woman Hil sig. A2, The Inhabitantis thairof maist ciuile, honest, and politicall.
1581 J. Fielde Caueat for Parsons Howlet f. lv, ... and chiefteines beeing politiques haue offended of knowledge.
1586 W. Warner Æneidos in Albions Eng. sig. Piv, ... our English youthes, but nowe..vnpollitickly..discontinued.
1598 R. Tofte Alba sig. E, Matters of state we vse to politize, Procrastinating for aduantage great.
Sixteen references to politics are found in the 16th century of with thirteen are primary and three are secondary. "Unpollitickly" appears in 1586.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 255 The death of Mahomet had been politiquely concealed one and fortie daies.
1605 Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A4v, ... sometimes in the seueritie and arrogancie of Politiques.
1606 E. Forset Compar. Disc. Bodies Nat. & Politique 85 ... in the politicall science, make many foule escapes.
1620a M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiv. §2. 356...Ecclesiastickes, Oeconomickes, and Politickes.
1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 521 Alway in Naturalls: sometime in Politicalls.
1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy i. ii. sig. B3v, ... Athiests, and a thousand such politicall Monsters.
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. v. 1 in Wks. II, I Cannot beget a Proiect, with all my politicall braine, yet.
1641 Milton Of Reformation 83 Let us not..stand hankering and politizing, when God..points us out the way.
1644 Milton Of Educ. 5 The next remove must be to the study of Politics..., and reasons of politicall societies.
1657 S. Purchas (title) A theatre of politicall flying-insects.
1661 (title) Sir Harry Vane's Politicks.
1662 R. Coke (title) A survey of the politicks of Mr. Thomas White, Thomas Hobbs, and Hugo Grotius.
1662 S. Fisher Bishop busied beside Businesse ii. 22 ... in them but Ceremoniality, or Politycism beside them.
1668 P. Rycaut Present State Ottoman Empire (new ed.) iii. ii. 172 ... are the best part of the Political Science.
1677 A. Behn Town-fopp v. 57 .... Is past your Politicks at this time Sir.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 890 ...either of Politicalness, or Ethicalness at all in it.
1680 A. Cowley True Effigies of Monster of Malmesbury 11 ... The Man of Politicks [sc.Hobbes] is youthful still.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel vi. 179 Riches are the Political glory and decor of any Kingdom.
1683 W. Petty (title) Another essay in political arithmetick, concerning the growth of the City of London.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. vii. §89 There only is a Political or Civil Society.
1692 Vindication Pref. sig. A ij, Methinks I hear now our cautious Politico's asking, What ayls this Person?
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 135 Thou art as much out in thy Politicks, as a Niggardly Father is.
There are 53 references to politics in the 17th century and 45 are primary references. There is no consensus on the accepted spelling of "politics", "politicks" or "politiques".
1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman i. 5 They rule so politickly and so well.
1703a R. Hooke Lect. Light in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 104... in their Political History.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (ed. 6) at Day, The Parts of a Political or Civil Day.
1709 B. Kennett tr. J. L. G. de Balzac (title) French favorites: or, the seventh discourse of Balzac's Politicks.
1710 C. Place True Eng. Revolutionist iv. 45 ...he thinks a very loose way of fitting out a Political Animal.
1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses iii. 13 You would have burst your sides to hear him talk Politicks.
1713 Boston News-let. 21–8 Dec. 2/2... as well in Divinity as Politicks and Physick.
1714 D. Manley Adventures of Rivella 117 She now agrees with me, that Politicks is not the Business of a Woman.
1715 Pope Temple of Fame 36 ..., Of crooked Counsels and dark Politicks.
1721 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard Independent Whig No. 44,...all National, Publick, and Political Morality.
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II. (at cited word), Politicalness, political quality.
1727 R. Acherley Britannic Constit. 67 The Monarchical Estate considered politically..
1735 Princ. Mod. Patriots Expos'd 21... has thought fit to give us of his political Novel.
1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 160 ..., which we enjoy in political society.
1740c Visct. Bolingbroke Idea Patriot King xiii. 113 The choice Spirits of these Days, the Men of Mode in Politicks.
1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. ix. 259 What strange politics do we pursue?
1741 J. Martyn tr. Virgil Georgics (1744) iv. 33/2 (note) ... to these political insects [sc. bees] in their republick.
1742 London Mag. 11 22/2 My third Daughter was rather theologically than politically inclined.
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 248 ..., especially in Politicals.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xii. 64 Mr. Solmes..had told Her, that..I acted very unpoliticly.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. ii. 234 The great State Wheels in all the political Machines of Europe.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvi. vii. 57 ... and Matrimonial Politics to her Niece.
1749 H. Finch Law 76 Such among the Jews were their Politicals, delivered by Moses.
1752 W. Guthrie tr. Cicero Epist. Atticus I. vi. 307 ... their Practice the political Theory [L.politeuma] of Cato.
1754a H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 180 ...allowed by Aristotle in his Politics, into the Chrematistic.
1758 Johnson Idler 13 May 41 Many..of a more political understanding, are persuaded that we shall now see..
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. 205 ... the rabble will thus be introduced into the political system.
1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. iv. 35 Most men's politics sit much too loosely about them.
1770 W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. v,... of what is called Political Geography than has hitherto appeared.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. liv. 238 He..has a multitude of political offences to atone for.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. Introd. 1 Political œconomy..proposes two distinct objects;..
1776 W. Ellis tr. Aristotle Treat. Govt. i. ii. 6 ... and that man is naturally a political animal.
1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 19 From two to three hundred acres..is the most political Farm.
1780 E. Burke Speech Oeconomical Reformation 70 In the management of the colony politics.
1784 S. Deane Addr. Free & Independant Citizens 4,... as sole Commercial and Political Agent for the United States.
1785 W. Paley (title) The principles of moral and political philosophy.
1786 W. Playfair (title) The commercial and political atlas.
1787 Let. from Gentleman in Bengal (1788) 7 The first political officer the British nation has to boast.
1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers xxxiv. 208 ... that must baffle all the efforts of political arithmetic.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxix. 282...of the society may be called his political liberty.
1788 W. Butler Arithm. Questions 11 ..., whom Edward very politicly styled prince of Wales.
1792 A. Ferguson Princ. Moral & Polit. Sci. II. ii. vi. 411 ... is the fundamental principle of political science.
1792 C. Smith Desmond II. xix. 278 Such was the colour of his politics.
1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman xii. 411 ...nor the study of the political history of mankind.
1793 J. Wilson in U.S. Rep. (U.S. Supreme Court) 2 (1798) 462 ... This is not politically correct.
1794 Times 22 Sept. 1/6 Lecointre..administered to the political will of Robespierre.
1795 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity in Wks. (1842) VII. 377 ... the political canting language, ‘The labouring poor’.
1796 T. Beddoes Ess. Public Merits Mr. Pitt iii. 40 ... of the kingdom into divisions, politically active and passive.
1798 W. F. Mavor Brit. Nepos xxvi. 253 ... he associated with Ludlow, and other political refugees.
There are 75 references in the 18th century of which 65 are from primary sources. Of interest, is references to "politically correct" from 1793.
No account of the city would be complete without referencing the influence of Niccolò Machiavelli (d. 1527). "The Prince" was published five years after his death.
1565 T. Harding Confut. Apol. Church of Eng. iii. f. 134v, Discoursing parlament machiauellistes, and all other what so euer flesh-wormes, Merchantes, idle artificers.
1566 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 118 He ys..a mortall enemy to all the protestants in this house,..a right mache villion [Editor queries transcription of final two words].
1568 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 73 This false Machivilian.
1571 G. Buchanan Admon. Trew Lordis in Vernac. Writings (1892) 24 Proud contempnars or machiavell mokkaris of all religioun and vertew.
1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth ii. f. 129, Many other prouisions might be here remembred, made by these Machiauelles for their owne assurance.
1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth Pref. sig. a5, I cal a Machiauellian State & Regiment: where Religion is put behind in the second & last place.
1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Cviij, Thys absurd manner of reasoning is very Macciauelian logick.
1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies 127 The most..heretical resolutions of the obstinatest or desperatest Aristotelians, Plinians,..Machiauellists..in the world.
1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte To Gentl. Acquaint. sig. F, Is it pestilent Machiuilian pollicy that thou hast studied?
1592 H. O. tr. V. Figueiro Spaniards Monarchie Pref. sig. Aijv, A Spanish imitation of Machiauellized axiomes.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. I2, I comprehend..vnder hypocrisie, al Machiauilisme.
1594 J. Ingram in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) V. 283 If any report the contrary they Machevillianly belie me.
1597 J. Payne Royall Exchange 11, I wyshe you bannishe from your tables suche Atheists and machivells.
1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 45 A damn'd Macheuelian. Holds candle to the deuill for a while.
Of the fourteen references to Machiavelli in the 16th century, ten references are from primary sources.
1602 S. Patrick tr. I. Gentillet Disc. Wel Governing xxviii. 312 They have so well profited in their Machiaveline philosophie, that [etc.].
1602 Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. i. 93 Am I polliticke? am I Matchauil [1623 Machiuell]?
1607 T. Tuke Trve Trial 19 Machiavilianisme is reputed policie: vsury of many is thought but thrift.
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse 66 b, A brocher of dangerous matchiauellisme.
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 320 Protagoras with the Machiauellians..were doubtful whether there were any God.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues, Machiavelizer, to Machiauelize it; to practise Machiauellisme.
1613 G. Chapman Revenge Bussy d'Ambois iv. sig. H2, These are your Macheuilian Villaines.
1617 Bp. J. Hall Quo Vadis? (new ed.) xxi. 78 Where had we..the Art of dishonestie in practicall Machiauelisme, in false equiuocations?
1617 J. Minsheu Ὴγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas, Macheualize.
1619 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 123 Wee knowe this machivell divell, Isake Beage.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. xix. 26 What got that Machivillian politician Achitophell.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 4 Simonaicall Matcheuilians.
1637a B. Jonson Magnetick Lady i. vii. 31 in Wks. (1640) III, The very Agat Of State, and Politie: cut from the Quar of Macchiavel.
1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 173 Behold a notable peece of machiavillianisme.
1640 R. Baillie Ladensium Αὐτοκατάκρισις i. 7 The contrare maximes of the turkish empire, wherewith Matchivelists this day everie where are labouring to poyson the eares of all Christian Princes.
1645 E. Gilbert Prelatical Cavalier Catechized 26 The have made it by their Sophisticall and Machiavilick insinuations, as a prick in your side, or thorn in your foot, to hurt and mischief you.
1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 91 Never any Machivilian, or cruell State Politician..could never have devised a more effectuall way.
1650c J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 162 Divide et regna is an old Matchiavilian maxime and trick.
1651 R. Williams Bloody Tenent yet more Bloody in R. H. Pearce Colonial Amer. Writing (1956) 58 A Tenent that is but Machevilisme, and makes a Religion, but a cloake or stalking horse to policie.
1652a A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 185 The true way of Treaties is with Christian, not Machiavelian policy.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia, Machevalize or Machiavelianize, to practise Machiavelianism, or cunning subtil policy.
1660 J. Evelyn Late News from Bruxels 2 This Impress he hath so Machiavelianly, and with such art and cunning, besprinkled and scattered over the whole Paper.
1660 T. Salusbury tr. D. Bartoli Learned Man defended & Reform'd Ep. Ded. sig. A5, Achitophel..deserting his Machivilianismes.
1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) vii. 187 He hath need of discretion..that he be neither monk nor Matchevillian.
1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 20 Intreaguers and Projectors, the very Machiavels of their Age.
There are 25 references in the 17th century, of which 22 are from primary sources.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 193. ⁋3 During this Retreat the Machiavilian was not idle, but secretly fomented Divisions.
1711 W. King tr. G. Naudé Polit. Considerations Refin'd Politicks i. 19 The courts..where these Machiavilianisms are so common.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 305. ¶15 These young Machiavils will, in a little time, turn their College upside-down with Plots and Stratagems.
1722 W. Bond in J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues (ed. 2) Ded. 5 The refined Matchiavillian thinkers have..altered the very nature of ethicks.
1775 J. Ash New & Compl. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl., Machiavelizing, the act of practising the politics of Machiavel.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 120 Where men follow their natural impulses, they would not bear the odious maxims of a Machiavelian policy.
1794 C. Plowden Remarks Mem. G. Panzani i. 161 That Machiavellian guided their steps in the paths of prevarication.
1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) ii. 48 O, this little cunning head! I'm a Machiavel, a very Machieval [sic].
1799 Hull Advertiser 6 July 1/4 A profound Machiavelist.
There are 9 primary sources in the 18th century.
The complete list for Machiavelli continues to 1996. We have included these references as there could be a misunderstanding of the definition or meaning of "Machiavellian" if we discontinued the list in the year 1800.
1814 Scott Let. 30 Apr. (1932) III. 441 An awful lesson to Sovereigns that morality is not so indifferent to politics as Machiavelians will assert.
1817 J. Bentham Def. Econ. against Mr. Burke 38 A Government, in which, under the guidance of upstart Machiavelism, titled and confederated imbecility should lord it over King and people.
1823 tr. E.-A.-D. de las Cases Memorial de Sainte Hélène III. vi. 37 The mediator and the adversaries were equally our enemies... All were merely affixing the seal to their Machiavellic system.
1829 R. Southey Sir T. More II. 80 The art of directing enthusiasm..is the most difficult which the Machiavellists of Papal Rome have ever been called upon to practise.
1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. x. 365 Machiavelizing, in order to gain the reputation of ability, and ascribing every devout act to the subtilty of worldly wisdom, using the pitiful shifts of policy [etc.].
1836 H. N. Coleridge in S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains I. 167 [A moral grandeur in the latter period, with which the low intrigues,]Machiavellic [1819 Macchiavelian] [maxims, and selfish and servile ambition of the former, stand in painful contrast].
1847 Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiii. 194 So this Machiavellian captain of infantry cast about him for some..stratagem.
1849 Southern Lit. Messenger 15 203 The Italy of our day is precisely the Italy of the middle ages; the famous cunning, the deservedly infamous diplomacy of former centuries prevails yet; Machiavellis are still opposing Borgias, the Viscontis wrestle yet with the house of Savoy.
1850 Æ. McD. Dawson tr. J. M. de Maistre Pope iii. ii. 239 This maxim, in the sense attributed to it by the poet, presents a Machiavelic and revolting aspect.
1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 36 A profound and Machiavellic politician.
1860 W. E. Gladstone Let. in L. Fagan Life Panizzi (1880) II. 229, I impute no Machiavelism, or ism of any other kind.
1863 C. Reade Hard Cash xxix, This artful man, who had now become a very Machiavel.
1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 63 Conducting his party with Machiavellian subtlety.
1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. vii. xxv. 484 The astute and machiavellic policy of Rome.
1881 H. James Portrait of Lady III. viii. 123 Discussion was stimulated of course by their inevitable difference of view—Ralph having amused himself with taking the ground that the genial ex-guardsman was a regular Machiavelli.
1882 F. T. Palgrave in E. Spenser Wks. (1890) IV. p. xxv, The Machiavellianism of the sixteenth century.
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 226/1 Napoleon..a ruthless militarist, cynic, and Machiavellian.
1897 Daily News 3 June 6/1 What..is the history of the Italian Republics..but the history of Machiavellism before Machiavelli?
1899 S. Grundy Fool's Paradise iii. 47 Sir Peter will think I'm an awful cad, but what does it matter what Sir Peter thinks? Upon my word, statesmanship is hereditary, after all. I feel a regular Machiavelli!
1913a F. Rolfe Desire & Pursuit of Whole (1934) 142 Who had machiavellianly made preliminary soundings.
1928 T. S. Eliot For Lancelot Andrewes 65 No one was ever less ‘Machiavellian’ than Machiavelli.
1943 J. Burnham Machiavellians vii. ii. 181 Machiavellians..do not waste time arguing the merits or demerits of the myth of democracy.
1951 R. Crossman Diary 5 Dec. in M. Foot Aneurin Bevan (1973) II. ix. 373 Bevanism and the Bevanites seem much more important..and Machiavellian to the rest of the Labour Party..than they do to us.
1954 Encounter Nov. 16/2 The American Machiavelli is tethered good and fast to the pole of Communism.
1955 H. Butterfield Man on his Past 222 The most Machiavellic of princes, the author of the anti-Machiavel, Frederic II.
1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor iii. xix. 760 Henry? I' Christ, a fit name for a codless Machiavel.
1966 S. Panter-Brick (title) Gandhi against Machiavellism; non-violence in politics.
1971 K. Gottschalk in B. de Ferranti Living with Computer v. 45 Its Machiavellian overtones suggest a ruthless and pragmatic manipulation of men, money and materials to achieve ends concealed from the world at large.
1976 New Society 28 Oct. 213/1 Machiavelli advocated identifying what it is you want to achieve and then openly doing whatever is necessary, however unpleasant, to obtain the required result... Isn't it time we found a real alternative for Machiavellianism as a term of unscrupulousness?
1977 Dædalus Summer 55 Other scholars, especially among those whose level of analysis is national decision-making, see themselves as efficient Machiavellians.
1985 H. Carpenter Secret Gardens ii. i. 111 The Machiavellian behaviour of the weasel, who plays every kind of trick on the other animals.
1988 M. Bishop Unicorn Mountain (1989) xvi. 161 Wasn't that what Big Brother was for? To keep Little Brother..straight? To teach him the way of the world without creating either a Milquetoast or a Machiavelli?
1993 Shakespeare Bull. Summer 29/3 Cassius' proclivity to violence is clearly evident..Don Tieri plays him as a fiery, grinning Machiavellian.
1993 Sunday Tel. 28 Nov. (Review section) 6/2 Francis Urquart [sic]..was a machiavel who climbed on top of the greasy pole by means of blackmail and murder.
1996 Re: 95.5 in alt.talk.royalty (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Feb., When the end of this misbegotten war arrived on 11 November 1918, it was a scramble to see which nation got rid of their machiavellic monarch first.
Title page of "The Prince".
NB-the date is "M. D. XXXII". Click image for larger version.

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