Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8204500B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 07:06:44+00:00

Document:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Nos. 60/754,198, filed on Dec. 28, 2005, 60/755,080 filed on Jan. 3, 2006, 60/776,696 filed on Feb. 27, 2006 and 60/788,071 filed on Apr. 3, 2006. The contents of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to an optimal voicemail deposit system for a roaming user whose voicemail is on a home network, which is different from the network where he is currently roaming, and, more particularly, but not exclusively to an optimal voicemail deposit system which is suitable for both prepaid and postpaid users.
Mobile subscribers usually set call forwarding to the voicemail, so that if they cannot answer a call for whatever reason, then the caller has an opportunity to leave them a message. Call forwarding may be divided into two categories, early call forwarding and late call forwarding. Late call forwarding is performed conditionally, due to the subscriber's inability to answer a call routed to the handset. Conversely, early call forwarding is performed without the network attempting to route the call to the handset. This happens when the handset is shut off or when the subscriber requests unconditional forwarding of all incoming calls. Late Call Forwarding for busy/no-answer/not-reachable conditions can be configured to any number and is usually configured to the subscriber's voice mailbox.
Mobile subscribers roaming abroad want to stay in touch with work and home, and to continue to use their mobile services, such as voicemail. Naturally, they also want the same user experience as that in the home network—such as seamless caller access to mailbox, caller-ID indication upon retrieval and direct forwarding of calls to their voice mailbox or to any of their pre-set forwarding destinations. It goes without saying that they expect the same user experience for their callers.
However, when a roamer cannot take a call, he may either be unavailable, busy or simply may choose not to answer—the visited network routes the call back to the home voicemail system, which is the default setting for most roamers. As the originating call was most probably made in the home network, the rerouting in turn causes inefficient international tromboning, that is to say the call is connected from the home country to the roaming country and back to the home country. The result is that the called party has to pay for two International legs, resulting in a negative impact on the caller and in subscriber experience and forces roamers to pay international tariffs for voicemail deposits.
Higher subscriber costs—The high cost to the user caused by the international tromboning of voicemail causes many roamers to disable voicemail forwarding while roaming. Some home networks disable call forwarding for their outbound roaming subscribers, in order to avoid subscriber frustration.
Complicated use—Due to the filtering of signaling data by switch vendors and by some international networks, the original dialed number may not be transferred to the home network's voicemail system via these doubled International links. This forces the caller to re-enter the original dialed number. For the same reason, Caller ID is not available to the voicemail system and the phone number of the caller is not provided during message retrieval, resulting in a voicemail message whose origin cannot be traced if not self-explanatory from the message itself.
Higher operator costs—Roaming subscribers, unaware of the high cost of forwarding calls, may be surprised and angered when receiving their monthly bills. The immediate response is usually to call Customer Care to complain and inquire about the charges. In addition to customer dissatisfaction, this in turn engages operator's manpower and communications resources.
a direct forwarding unit for forwarding a caller to said voicemail, thereby providing an optimal voicemail deposit.
using said trigger making said direct forwarding to said voicemail.
FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing a system architecture to which the present embodiments may be applied.
FIG. 3 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating the process of voicemail deposit according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a simplified service flow chart showing optimal voicemail deposit for a postpaid user, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention based on double triggering.
FIG. 10 is a simplified service flow diagram for a prepaid user in a Camel enabled visited network, according to the embodiment of FIG. 9 in which call status triggers are used.
FIG. 11 is a simplified flow diagram for a postpaid roaming user in a non-camel enabled visited network, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention that uses a SOR emulator based on probes, specifically an SS7 probe.
The present embodiments comprise apparatus and methods for alerting the home network about call forwarding involving a roamer so that the home network can forward the caller directly to the voicemail and disconnect the International link. In this way not only is tromboning avoided, but also the connection to the voicemail works better because the caller ID is correctly forwarded to the voicemail.
The GSM standard includes features to avoid International tromboning but these have never effectively been implemented. The present inventors, in one embodiment, instead of relying on the eventual implementation of these features, make use of the roaming trigger that the home network in fact does issue. This raises the problem that the roaming trigger may be required for other purposes, in particular for alerting the system in the case of a pre-paid subscriber to ensure that his prepayment covers the roaming interaction. The present inventors have inter alia solved the problem in such a way that call forwarding to the voicemail is carried out regardless of other requirements of the roaming trigger. As a result there is a call forwarding system that is equally applicable to pre-paid and post-paid users.
In an alternative embodiment the present inventors have found a way of taking advantage of the partial adoption of the features in the GSM standard to allow a given network that at least partly uses the features to view other networks as if they use the features.
The above embodiments are jointly or severally incorporated into an Optimal Voicemail Deposit (OVMD) service, in order to overcome the above-described problem of international tromboning that is caused by incomplete signaling when a called party traveling abroad cannot answer a call and the call is diverted to the home VMS or to another pre-set forwarding destination.
Optimal voicemail deposit is intended to improve the caller's experience and to significantly reduce the cost of voicemail deposits billed to the roaming subscriber, thereby allowing mobile operators to regain previously lost revenue. The OVMD system is supported by gateways provided at the networks of the mobile operators to support roaming users, and the gateways provide a comprehensive package of connectivity services to their outbound roaming subscribers. The roaming gateways are alternately referred to herein as Intelligates.
Direct forwarding—The caller receives direct in-network access to the forwarded destination, whatever number is dialed—mobile or fixed—or to the called party's voice mailbox. No international calls are implicated.
Home-like user experience—When forwarding the call to the voicemail, the application makes the original called number and calling party's number available to the voicemail system. This in turn ensures a positive user experience, both for the subscriber and the caller.
Increased call completion rate—Without international call rates, late call forwarding, while roaming, helps callers complete more calls and encourages subscribers to activate their voicemail for message deposits, thereby further increasing the call completion rate. This in turn increases the number of voicemail retrieval calls and callbacks.
No dependencies on visited network—various of the embodiments presented herein do not require any coordination or interoperability with the visited networks. A single solution at the home network suits all visited networks.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates the generalized architecture of an optimal voicemail deposit system according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. A home network 20 includes a roaming gateway or Intelligate 22. Gateway Mobile Switching Centre (GMSC) 24 provides an edge function within the home cellular network, and terminates the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) signalling and traffic formats and converts this to protocols employed in mobile networks. For mobile terminated calls, it interacts with Home Location Register 26 to obtain routing information that is to say to locate the mobile telephone required and communicate with it. In the case of International roaming, the HLR is being used to find the roaming network.
Based on these two alternative signaling methods, the present embodiments provide a generic technical solution for the service. The final delivered solution to the operator however, is preferably adjusted to the specific network configuration and parameters, such as: network size and topology, traffic volume, INAP vendor's variant, CAMEL version—if relevant and to the operator's preferences. All these parameters are usually discussed prior to specifying the final technical solution.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3 which is a simplified flow chart showing OVMD in action. A call is placed and not answered. The solutions discussed herein include two stages. A first stage involves disconnecting the trombone and the second involves obtaining a trigger. In the following are provided four methods for obtaining a trigger, and then three methods for disconnecting the trombone. The issue of disconnecting the trombone and obtaining the trigger may be considered separately. The disconnecting of the trombone can be either by capturing the call with the VM deposit number, or by operating in association with the FTN (Forward-To-Number), as described in greater detail below.
A first solution for obtaining a trigger is simply to provide a double trigger. The DP12 trigger is the trigger provided by the IN for an MT (Mobile Terminated) call. The DP12 trigger is used by the prepaid system if the MT is directed to a roaming subscriber. Double triggering is possible at the local MSC based on the ability of the switch at the home network to send the trigger twice, which is to two different addresses. The idea is that one address used is the prepaid feature or any other feature needed by the specific user, and the second address is the anti-tromboning feature which is described in greater detail elsewhere herein. The anti-tromboning feature once triggered is able to cut the International links and forward the caller directly to the voicemail as necessary.
In fact, the double trigger may be intended as part of the CAMEL system for inbound roamers. The present system for the first time utilizes the trigger for outbound roamers. However, the double trigger solution does not have to be CAMEL. The switch need only have Intelligent Network (IN), with double triggering support. Double triggering support includes a prefix that can be added after the first trigger, in order to process the second trigger.
A third solution makes use of call status triggers. A set of what may be termed late call triggers, because they occur after the call has begun, may be used. Such triggers include the “no answer” notification, the “busy” notification etc. The call goes to the prepaid system in the normal way using the roaming trigger. Likewise the call is forwarded to the callee, who does not answer etc. The no-answer status returns to the home network, which can now be used to trigger the anti-tromboning system, and direct it to disconnect the International branch of the call at the gateway, and forward the caller directly to the voicemail.
A busy notification may likewise be used as a trigger for the anti-tromboning feature. The busy trigger also reaches the home network.
In either case, on receipt of the notification, the system has to determine if there is a voicemail to forward the call to. The voicemail is defined by a forward to number (FTN). In fact it should be noted that users on many systems are free to define other numbers to which their calls can be forwarded, not just voicemail, and the present embodiments encompass forwarding of calls to these numbers as well. The FTN is obtained from the home location register (HLR) of the callee. If there is no FTN defined then the call is disconnected. It is noted that a call being forwarded to a voicemail includes a notification in its header that it is for voicemail. Thus the very presence of a call with a voicemail deposit notification in its header may be used to trigger the anti-tromboning feature. As above, once triggered, the anti-tromboning feature may disconnect the International call and subsequently allow connection of the caller to the callee's voicemail. The anti-tromboning feature is responsible for the trombone disconnect, but it is noted that the forwarding to the voicemail is done by another component, the component that receives the trigger, checks the FTN and then decides if or where to route the call.
Summarizing the 3rd method, the call is routed to the mobile handset. If the handset is busy or does not answer, then the call is forwarded to the FTN destination, which is typically a voicemail. Then the International leg of the call that reaches the voicemail is disconnected. At that point, the TDP 13/14 trigger arrives at the roaming gateway or Intelligate, asking what to do. As mentioned above, there are two main steps involved, firstly disconnecting the trombone, and secondly obtaining the trigger.
A fourth method is based on Standard Optimal Routing (SOR), otherwise referred to as standard-based late call forwarding. SOR is the optimal routing system defined in the GSM standard that was always intended to avoid the existence of tromboning. Standard optimal routing is supported by certain International switches, particular those provided by Ericsson. Such optimal routing typically only works if the switches at both networks have SOR support and this is rare.
There now follows a description of three methods for disconnecting the trombone.
The first way to disconnect the trombone is to capture the call according to the voicemail deposit number. The second is simply to cancel the FTN, either through the HLR, or through the roaming gateway, by sending a new ISD profile to the VLR. An ISD profile is the subscriber profile stored in the HLR and downloaded to the current VLR, using the MAP Insert Subscriber Data message.
Canceling the FTN preferably causes the first international leg to disconnect without creating the tromboning in the first place.
A third way to disconnect the trombone comprises setting a CAMEL trigger to the subscriber, at the roaming VLR. In that case, the roaming gateway or Intelligate receives a trigger before setting the second leg to the voicemail or the FTN. In this case a trigger is obtained before the disconnect occurs, but then the TDP 13/14 trigger is obtained later on, after the disconnect. In all the above three methods, the TDP 13/14 trigger is received after the trombone disconnects. In fact, the same applies to the other methods explained herein including the TDP12, the IN service broker, and the SOR, the latter of which is explained below.
In particular cases—such as: a non-IN network environment, cases where there is relatively low outbound roaming traffic, or, when specifically requested by the operator, call control is performed using ISUP signaling—In this case all MT roaming calls are physically routed to the Intelligate platform. The Loop Around method is a much better method, where only the ISUP signaling is routed to the Intelligate, while the physical voice part actually stays on the MSC. This is achieved by connecting the E1/T1 lines back to the MSC, creating a physical loop. This method avoids the transfer of the huge amount of voice traffic to the Intelligate, by having a “semi IN” solution.
The probe interface obtains for the OVMD from the signaling links the relevant subscriber information, such as the MSISDN and the forwarding-to-number (FTN) referred to above.
It is noted that in many networks, the OVMD service can be implemented without using a probe and probe interface to monitor the signaling links.
The application provides a provisioning interface 30 to enable the management of application parameters and subscriber lists. For example OVMD may be a restricted service, available only to certain subscribers, say those who have complained in the past about tromboning, and the operator may allow the provisioning of IMSI/MSISDN numbers of those subscribers who are entitled to use the Optimal Voicemail Deposit service (white list).
The different embodiments discussed herein may be mixed and matched in whatever way is most appropriate to provide a highly customizable solution to support different networks and constellations of networks in terms of diverting calls to voicemail as well as in releasing the forwarded trombone.
Above was discussed in general terms the issue of releasing the trombone. One of the alternatives for releasing the trombone is explicitly to release the returning leg of the trombone.
Another method for suppressing the FTN relies on the IntelliGate 22 monitoring MAP_ISD messages sent by the HLR 26. After each MAP_ISD message is sent by the HLR 26 to the VLR at which the roaming user is located, the IntelliGate 22 issues a consecutive MAP_ISD message in which the FTN is marked as disabled. Such a disablement prevents the VLR, which is at the visited network, from forwarding unanswered calls. Thus the trombone is never formed in the first place.
A further method is applicable when the IntelliGate 22 itself handles mobile terminated (MT) calls before they leave the home network 20, also referred to as the HPMN. The method involves DP12 redirection using the redirection counter field of an initial address message (IAM). When the call is sent to the visited network, IntelliGate 22, which is handling the call, is able to place a maximum value in the redirection counter field in the IAM message.
It is noted that due to inconsistency in International carrier behavior the redirection parameter is sometimes omitted on the way.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4 which is a schematic diagram illustrating a solution based on the capability of an MSC to trigger two different SCPs, one using CAP and the second using INAP.
The first trigger, that using CAP, is rerouted to the IntelliGate 22 by using a GT translation rule in the STP and the IntelliGate 22 responds with a CAP-Connect message with a predefined prefix on the directory number (DN) to activate the second trigger in the MSC based on this prefix.
Postpaid Call Flow based on a foreign mobile station roaming number (MSRN) is illustrated in the figure and the flow is explained according to table 1 below.
1 Mobile terminated (MT) call reaches the GMSC.
GMSC sends SRI message, HLR sends a PRN to the VLR to obtain the roamer's MSRN.
3 Based on the foreign MSRN value the GMSC triggers the IntelliGate.
the trombone to be released.
IntelliGate which sends a connect message to divert the call to the voicemail.
7 The voicemail answers the call and A-Party deposits a message.
1 MT call reaches the GMSC.
5 The call is sent to the visited network based on the roamer's MSRN.
IntelliGate. The IntelliGate checks if this is a MF call, if yes, it releases the call.
handling. Please refer to Option 2 in the diagram above.
Prepaid user at a non-Camel enabled roaming network.
Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which is a simplified diagram illustrating the service flow for a prepaid user in a Camel-enabled visited network where an IN service broker is used as the initial target of a trigger. In many cases a subscriber can have only one subscription-based trigger in the HLR. This means that in theory a subscriber can have only one application in the network that can be triggered. That is to say only one SCP can obtain the trigger. The purpose of having an IN Service Broker component in a network is to receive the trigger and then send out multiple triggers based thereon. In other words the broker can split the single trigger into multiple SCPs to be able to provide multiple services with a single subscription trigger.
As the DP12 trigger is already taken for prepaid mobile-terminated calls while roaming, an IN Service Broker can be used in order to allow another service such as Optimal Voicemail Deposit for prepaid roamers to share the same DP12 IN trigger. In the following are discussed the call flows of the service when an IN Service Broker is in use.
FIG. 7 illustrates the call flow for a prepaid roaming user in a CAMEL enabled VPMN, and shows the use of the IN service broker to provide two triggers. The call flow is explained in table below.
Prepaid Roamer in Camel enabled visited network using IN service broker.
2 The T-CSI IDP is sent from the GMSC to the Service Broker.
5 A second MAP_SRI is sent to the VLR to get the MSRN. The call is sent to the visited network.
to the prepaid system (to close the charging session) and to the IntelliGate.
Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which is a simplified diagram illustrating the case of the use of an IN service broker for a prepaid roaming user located in a roaming network which is not Camel enabled. The flow is explained in Table below.
Roaming user in non-Camel roaming network with use of IN service broker.
In the following are described different service flows for the methods based on making use of the call status triggers as outlined above. Specifically, use is made of INAP/CAP call status triggers, such as the triggers for “call busy” or “call not answered”. By using these triggers, the service overcomes the conflict with other services that use the TDP12, such as: Prepaid, Call Screening, VPN, etc services. The system is based on the TDP 13 and TDP 14, that is the busy and no answer triggers respectively.
Call Termination Triggers with Postpaid User.
forwarded leg causing the release of the voicemail trombone.
7 IntelliGate diverts the call to the corresponding destination according to the FTN.
Call Termination Triggers with Prepaid User, Camel-Enabled roaming network.
GMSC sends the call to the visited network using the MSRN.
releases the call, thus releases the trombone.
6 The release of the forwarded leg causes the visited MSC to send an ERB back to the prepaid SCP.
7 The release of the mobile-terminated call causes the GSMC to send an ERB to the prepaid SCP.
This shall stop the charging session for the roaming MT call.
10 IntelliGate shall divert the call to the corresponding destination according to the FTN.
In the following is described the fourth triggering option outlined above. As explained, GSM includes support for optimal routing (SOR). The following methods are possible when the home network (HPMN) supports the 3GPP standard Support for Optimal Routing (SOR). The home based IntelliGate includes a module that emulates Support for Optimal Routing with all visited networks. That is to say the emulator supplies the signals that the visited network is supposed to supply but usually does not in order to provide optimal routing. As a result of using the emulator the home network sees a universe of neighboring networks which all appear to behave as if they are SOR compatible and thus tromboning can be prevented.
Roaming Network, using a regular probe.
2 PRN message is sent from HLR to foreign VLR.
simply ignore the SOR indication, and continue (allocate MSRN).
3 PRN ACK messages returning from foreign VLR are forwarded to HLR.
IMSI, MSRN, Call Reference & GMSC Address.
4 SRI with MSRN is returned to the GMSC.
5 GMSC routes the call towards MSRN.
Number = foreign MSRN (MT call to roaming destination).
IntelliGate receives ISUP_IAM or IN_IDP message.
If using IN, IntelliGate arms the relevant DPs (Busy, No-Answer, Answer).
7 GMSC routes the call towards the MSRN, to the foreign MSC (through international).
Call reaches the visited MSC (serving MSC of B Party).
8 B Party is not reachable/rejects the call/does not answer.
IN_ReleaseCall to MF calls or relay all MO calls to original SCP.
In all cases, the next step (9) occurs.
9 Visited MSC releases the call towards the HPMN.
REL message or IN_ERB message.
11 IntelliGate does NOT pass the release on.
information (like the forwarding information, O-CSI etc).
12 GMSC performs the SOR logic, which causes it to release the forward leg towards the IntelliGate.
13 GMSC continues the SOR logic, routing the call towards the forwarded leg, i.e., Voicemail system.
14 Call is connected to destination forwarding.
Reference is now made to FIG. 12 which illustrates SOR emulation in the case that a postpaid Roamer is located in a Non CAMEL visited network VPMN. An SCCP Relay is used, as opposed to the probe in the embodiment of FIG. 11.
neither Camel nor SOR enabled. The emulator uses an SCCP relay.
GMSC sends SRI message, specifying SOR is requested and the Call Reference.
2 All PRN messages directed to foreign VLRs are routed to the IntelliGate (by the operator's STP).
The IntelliGate removes all SOR-related features, and relays the PRN towards the original VLR.
3 All PRN ACK messages returning from foreign VLRs are routed to the IntelliGate (by the operator's STP).
4 SRI with MSRN = DID is returned to the GMSC.
5 GMSC places a call towards the DID.
An ISUP routing rule or IN trigger routes the call to the IntelliGate, based on the DID prefix.
6 IntelliGate connects the call towards the original MSRN, by using another ISUP_IAM message or IN_CONNECT.
7 GMSC routes the call towards the MSRN, to the foreign MSC (through international link).
to MF calls or relay all MO calls to original SCP.
of the call (as received in the PRN) and the Forwarding Reason.
12 GMSC performs the SOR logic, which causes it to release the forward leg towards the IntelliGate DID.
for the specified forwarding reason.
14 The GMSC routes the call towards the forwarded leg, i.e., Voicemail system.
It is expected that during the life of this patent many relevant devices and systems will be developed and the scope of the terms herein, is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.
a direct forwarding unit operative to receive said call after said late forwarding for said control, and to further forward said caller to said voicemail, thereby providing an optimal voicemail deposit without said international links but within said home network.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said triggering unit comprises an emulator for emulating Standard Optical Routing signals from the roaming network.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said emulator is connected to a signaling probe, thereby to obtain international signaling data.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said emulator is connected to a signaling relay of international signaling data.
using said trigger, connecting said caller to said voicemail without said international link, thereby to make a direct voicemail deposit.
6. The method of claim 5, comprising emulating Standard Optical Routing (SOR) signals from the roaming network.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said emulating is based on International signaling detected by a probe.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein said emulating is based on international signaling data obtained from a relay.
a direct forwarding unit at said home network, for carrying out said direct forwarding by forwarding said caller to said voicemail, thereby providing an optimal voicemail deposit without the inclusion of international links.
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References: § 2
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 06832278
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 06809851
 Application No. 06832278
 Application No. 02716285
 Application No. 03810570
 Application No. 03810570
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 158442
 Application No. 154323
 Application No. 154323
 Application No. 157007
 Application No. 02716285
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 1817689
 § 2
 § 1
 Application No. 03810570
 Application No. 04105774
 Application No. 03810570
 Application No. 06832278
 Application No. 06756259
 Application No. 01951883
 Application No. 02716285
 Application No. 0
 Application No. 01817689