Source: http://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/PIR2009-6A.faq.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 22:37:24+00:00

Document:
During 2008-2010, the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys continued a program, begun in 2006, of reconnaissance mapping of surficial geology in the proposed natural-gas pipeline corridor through the upper Tanana River valley, a 12-mi-wide (19.3-km-wide) area that straddles the Alaska Highway through the upper Tanana River valley from the western boundaries of the Tanacross B-6 and C-6 Quadrangles near the mouth of the Robertson River eastward to the eastern boundaries of the Tanacross A-4 and B-4 Quadrangles near Tetlin Junction. Mapping during 2008-2010 in the Tanacross Quadrangle linked with mapping of surficial geology completed in the Big Delta and Mt. Hayes quadrangles in 2006-2007. Surficial geology was initially mapped in this second corridor segment by interpreting ~1:65,000-scale, false-color, infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980, and July 1983.Verification of photo mapping was accomplished during the 2008-2010 summer field season, when map units were described, soil pits were hand dug, and samples were collected for analyses.
Reger, R.D., Hubbard, T.D., and Carver, G.C., 201111, Surficial geology of Alaska Highway Corridor, Robertson River to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6A, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska - USA.
High Angle, concealed Location of High Angle fault where concealed.
This research was supported by Alaska State Capital Improvement Projects funding. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful review by De Anne Stevens and Diana Solie as well as able cartographic assistance by Patricia Gallagher, Rachel Westbrook, James Weakland, and Gail Davidson. Much of the work was carried out under the direction of Diana Solie and her leadership was greatly appreciated.
You may view our web site at <http://www.dggs.alaska.gov> for the latest information on available data.Please e-mail your questions and data requests when possible since our web site and e-mail address will remain current even if our phone number and mailing address change.
The Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys conducted this project, funded by the state legislature, to evaluate the geology, geohazard and material resources along the Alaska Highway corridor from Delta Junction to the Canada border. This was in preparation for a proposed natural gas pipeline, so that a baseline of geologic data would be publicly available upon which preliminary decisions could be made. The work was designed to serve as the springboard for the detailed work which would be required if a pipeline were to be built along this corridor.
Kreig, R.A., and Reger, R.D., 1976, Preconstruction terrain evaluation for the trans-Alaska pipeline project: Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, Stroudsburg.
Coates, D.R., 2011, Geomorphology and engineering.
Kreig, R.A., and Reger, R.D., 1982, Air-photo analysis and summary of landform soil properties along the route of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System: Geologic Report GR-66, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks AK.
PÃ©wÃ©, T.L., and Reger, R.D., 1983, Middle Tanana River valley: Guidebook Guidebook 1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks AK.
PÃ©wÃ©, T.L., ed., and Reger, R.D., ed., 1983, Guidebook to permafrost and Quaternary geology along the Richardson and Glenn Highways between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska: Guidebook Guidebook 1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks AK.
Carter, L.D., and Galloway, J.P., 1978, Preliminary engineering geologic maps of the proposed natural gas pipeline route in the Tanana River valley, Alaska: Open-file report OF 78-794, U.S. Geological Survey, United States.
Carver, G.A., Bemis, S.P., Solie, D.N., and Obermiller, K.E., 200812, Active and potentially active faults in or near the Alaska Highway corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3D, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical, Fairbanks AK.
Duk-Rodkin, Alejandra, Barendregt, R.W., Froese, D.G., Weber, Florence, Enkin, Randy, Smith, I.R., Waters, Pamela, and Klassen, Rudy, 2004, Timing and extent of Plio-Pleistocene glaciations in northwestern Canada: Development in Quaternary Science v.2, Elsevier, New York.
Ehlers, J., and Gibbard, P.L., 2004, Quaternary glaciations-extent and chronology, part II: North America: Development in Quaternary Science v. 2, Elsevier, New York.
Hamilton, T.D., 1994, Late Cenozoic glaciation of Alaska: Geology of North America v. G-1, Geological Society of America, United States.
Plafker, George, and Berg, H.C., 1994, The Geology of Alaska: Geology of North America v. G-1, Geological Society of America, United States.
Holmes, G.W., 1965, Geologic reconnaissance along the Alaska Highway, Delta River to Tok Junction, Alaska: Bulletin B 1181-H, U.S. Geological Survey, United States.
Other_Citation_Details: 19 p., 1 map sheet, scale 1:125,000.
Mason, O.K., and BegÃ©t, J.E., 1991, Late Holocene flood history of the Tanana River, Alaska: Arctic and Alpine Research, United States.
Other_Citation_Details: v. 23, no. 4, p. 392-403.
PÃ©wÃ©, T.L., 1975, Quaternary geology of Alaska: Professional Paper P 835, U.S. Geological Survey, United States.
Weber, F.R., 1986, Glacial geology of the Yukon-Tanana Upland: Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage, Alaska.
Hamilton, T.D., ed., Reed, K.M., ed., and Thorson, R.M., ed., 1986, Glaciation in Alaska; The geologic record: Alaska Geological Society, Anchorage, Alaska.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Tanacross A-4 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Tanacross B-4 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Tanacross B-6 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1955, Tanacross C-6 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
U.S. Geological Survey, Unknown, Alaska High Altitude Photography Program: U.S. Geological Survey, Unknown.
Carrara, P.E., 2004, Surficial Geologic map of the Tanacross B-6 Quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2850, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
Carrara, P.E., 2004, Surficial geologic map of the Tanacross B-5 Quadrangle, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2856, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
Carrara, P.E., 2006, Surficial geologic map of the Tanacross B-4,Quadrangle east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2935, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
Carver, G.A., Bemis, S.P., Solie, D.N., Castonguay, S.R., and Obermiller, K.E., 2010, Active and potentially active faults in or near the Alaska Highway corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2010-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK.
Contains information about recent faulting activity in the area.
Foster, H.L., 1970, Reconnaissance geologic map of the Tanacross Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-593, U.S. Geological Survey, united states.
Foster, H.L., and Keith, T.E.C., 1969, Geology along the Taylor Highway, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin B 1281, U. S. Geological Survey, United States.
Grahek, M.E., and Livingston, H.R., 1983, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Engineering Geology Soils report - Centerline soils and materials sources, Mile Post 1346.7 to 1332.8, Alaska highway, Robertson River to Yerrick Creek, Project No. F-062-2(14): Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, United States.
Hemenway, K.T., and Weaver, M., 2009, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Foundation report - Alaska Highway bridges, Mile Post 1332.8 to 1346.7, Alaska Highway, Yerrick Creek to Robertson River, Project No. F-062-2(14): Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, United States.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1948, Tanacross A-5 Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Aerial photograph interpretation - Stereo pairs of ~1:65000-scale, false-color infrared aerial photographs taken in July 1978, August 1980 and July 1983, as well as data from published and unpublished mapping of the target region and adjacent regions, were used to initially interpret and map the surficial geology. Unit boundaries were drawn by hand onto acetate overlays, using a magnifying stereoscope. Overlays were registered to aerial photos using tick marks on the photos.
Fieldwork - Reconnaissance field work was done in the summer of 2007 during which observations were recorded for use during aerial photograph interpretation. In July-August 2008, field work to verify aerial photograph interpretations was performed. In addition to observations from ground and helicopter traverses, several soil pits were dug using shovels to maximum depth of 1.3 meters to observe soil profiles, and observations of exposures along river banks, highway cuts, and trenches dug as part of active fault studies were recorded.
Map compilation - The surficial geologic map was compiled using field notes from fieldwork process step (above), all known geologic data from previous work in the quadrangle and by additional aerial photographic interpretation. Changes to unit boundaries, after field work, were completed in ArcGIS. 9+. GIS files were exported and Adobe Illustrator and Microsoft Word were used to create the final map layout.
Metadata creation - Metadata were assembled by T.D. Hubbard and P.E. Gallagher to FGDC Standards using Metavist 1.2, DGGS 7.05, a data entry program for FGDC metadata with XML output.
Reger, R.D., and Hubbard, T.D., 2010, Reconnaissance interpretation of 1978-1983 permafrost, Alaska Highway Corridor, RobertsonRiver to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6C, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Other_Citation_Details: 4 sheets, 1:63,360 scale.
Hubbard, T.D., and Reger, R.D., 2010, Engineering-geologic map of the Alaska Highway Corridor, Robertson River to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2009-6B, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources,, Fairbanks, Alaska - USA.
Reger, R.D., Stevens, D.S.P., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Surficial-geologic map, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3A, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Reger, R.D., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Engineering-geologic map, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3B, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Reger, R.D., and Solie, D.N., 2008, Reconnaissance interpretation of permafrost, Alaska Highway Corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2008-3C, State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
Carver, G.A., Bemis, S.P., Solie, D.N., Castonguay, S., and Obermiller, K.E., 2010, Active and potentially active faults in or near the AlaskaHighway Corridor, Dot Lake to Tetlin Junction, Alaska: Preliminary Interpretive Report PIR 2010-1, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks , Alaska.
Carver, G.A., Bemis, S.P., Solie, D.N., and Obermiller, K.E., 200812, Active and potentially active faults in or near the Alaska Highway corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: preliminary interpretive report PIR 2008-D, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK.
Reger, R.D., and Hubbard, T.D., 200910, Evidence for late Wisconsinan outburst floods in the Tok-Tanacross Basin. upper Tanana River Valley, east-central Alaska (abs); Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs V. 41, No. 7, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
Hubbard, T.D., and Reger, R.D., 201010, Model for Late Wisconsinan Massive Outburst Flooding, Tok River Valley, Northeastern Alaska Range: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs vol. 42, No. 5, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
Soil colors were described using the Munsell soil color charts. The Wentworth scale was used for grain size classification. Soil horizon descriptions in the map area used the U.S. Soil Conservation Service soil taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1975). Sediment samples were collected for sieve analysis and radiocarbon age dating. Analytical data described above were utilized in developing the geologic interpretations presented in this report. The accuracy of the map unit boundary locations vary due to the scale and interpretive nature of the mapping but are expected to be accurate to at least 50 ft. Map units labeled with a "?" are considered to have an uncertain assignation. Information from previous geologic reports was incorporated during the interpretation process. To check attribute accuracy of the digital files we visually compared the original compilation against test plots of the files and corrected discrepancies between the digital geospatial dataset and the original analog as needed. The geologic interpretations presented in this report have undergone two technical reviews by a geologist familiar with the subject of the report and the geology of the map area. We incorporated the reviewer's suggestions into the final draft when deemed appropriate.
The surficial interpretations were first hand-drawn, using a magnifying stereoscope, onto acetate air-photo overlays at the scale of the air-photos (approximately 1:63,360-scale). The accuracy of the map unit boundary locations varies due to the scale and interpretive nature of the mapping and pen line width of approximately 0.001 meters which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 meters on the ground. The hand drawn map unit boundaries are expected to be accurate to at least 15 meters. Following interpretation, acetate overlays were then individually scanned, orthorectified and georeferenced using Orthomapper, v. 3.6. The air-photos were orthorectified, photo-mosaiced and georeferenced. Surficial unit boundaries were digitized on-screen into ArcGIS from the orthorectified overlays at a scale more detailed than 1:63,360, using a combination of a USGS topographic 1:63.360 map layer and the air-photo photomosaic layer to verify the position of the lines and points. Map error is induced by: (1) Scanning and orthorectifying air photos and overlays. The digitizing RMS error is generally constrained to be less than 4 pixels, equating to approximately 20 m on the ground, although some areas with rugged terrain have larger errors. 2) On-screen digitizing from orthorectified overlays. The accuracy of the human operator digitizing polylines and point localities is related to the accuracy of interpretations from the orthorectified photos and overlays. Total horizontal accuracy of the mapped surficial-geologic contacts is thus on the order of 25 m or better, with somewhat lesser accuracy expected in areas of rugged relief. Coordinates of soil pits, radiocarbon sampling localities, and other field sites that are discussed in the text were recorded using a Garmin GPS model 76CSx with an estimated precision generally less than 10 meters.
This dataset includes shapefiles that contain information surficial geologic units and fault traces mapped in this area. This data set utilizes field observations and air photo interpretations. It includes geospatial information about units traceable on air photos at a scale of ~1:65000 and/or in the field. The dataset displays: surficial geologic units and contacts, inferred geologic contacts, fault traces and point localities discussed in the text. Subsurface data available for this investigation include: about 10-15 soil pits dug to depths no more than 1.3 m; observations of exposures in gravel pits, highway cuts, and river bank; and several trench exposures excavated as part of work for an ADGGS preliminary interpretive report describing active faulting in this area. The active faults shown on the map sheets are more fully described in an ADGGS preliminary Interpretive Report by Carver and other (2010).
Polygon topology is present and clean on the originating geospatial dataset. All polygon features were topologically validated using the ESRI ArcGIS 10+ software prior to export to shape file format. The logical consistency of the point and line files has been visually checked but not systematically verified.
Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.
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