Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol7/pp349-359
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 20:38:41+00:00

Document:
In 1672 Henry Hildyard had a house with 10 hearths at Routh, (fn. 98) and it was perhaps the same which was recorded as Hall Garth in 1685 and the manor house from 1710. (fn. 99) By 1782 there was a house on the site of Manor House Farm (fn. 100) which was rebuilt in the 19th century.
COMMON LANDS AND INCLOSURE. There seem to have been three or four open fields in the 17th century, North, East, and West fields, and one variously called Hill field, (Old) Mill Hill field, or Old Mill field, which may merely have been a part of East field. (fn. 113) As elsewhere in the East Riding, the fields contained both broad and narrow lands. (fn. 114) The tillage was surrounded by extensive carrs which provided common meadowland and pastures. North and east of the village meadow land was mentioned in areas called the Furze, Wrea, later Ray, hill, Segham marr, and Spittle ings, as well as in the eastern carrs; other meadows lay close to the southern boundary at Cockthorn and Colson, in or adjoining Red, possibly Reed, carr, (fn. 115) and nearby was Stargate meadow. Much of the meadowland bordered the open fields, which contained other, probably smaller, pieces of meadow. Part of the eastern carrs, described as Routh marsh, was evidently being used as a common pasture in 1389, (fn. 116) and in the 17th century there were two there, East and Deep carr pastures. The village's third pasture, sometimes called Cow pasture, occupied low-lying ground west of the village.
The estate joiner established his own business in 1873 and the concern was still carried on in 1997, (fn. 146) and a pottery business was conducted from the former rectory house in the 1960s and 1970s. (fn. 147) A garage and motor engineering workshop, opened in the 1920s, (fn. 148) had by 1996 been enlarged with a café and village stores.
Fittings include a late medieval, octagonal font, and an 18th-century pulpit. There was formerly glass bearing the arms of the Ros and Routh families, (fn. 214) fragments of which remain. In the chancel earlier 15th-century brasses commemorate Sir John Routh and his wife Agnes, (fn. 215) a mutilated, cross-legged, stone effigy an unknown knight, and a wall tablet by T. Hayes of Beverley Matilda Smith (d. 1844).
1. This article was written in 1996.
2. P.N. Yorks. E.R. (E.P.N.S.), 71; G. F. Jensen, Scand. Settlement Names in Yorks. 79, 102.
3. Poulson, Holderness, i. 400; below, econ. hist.
4. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 79; ii. 39.
6. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI, CCXI (1855 edn.).
7. Census, 1891 (pt. ii), which records a loss of 48 a. from Meaux.
9. P.R.O., E 179/202/60, m. 67.
11. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 221; Herring's Visit. iii, p. 34.
12. V.C.H. Yorks. iii, 495.
14. Geol. Surv. Map 1", drift, sheet 72 (1909 edn.); below, econ. hist.
15. For this para. generally, J. A. Sheppard, Draining of Hull Valley (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. viii), passim.
16. B.L. Cott. MS. Vit. C. vi, f 13v.; E.R.A.O., CSR/15/4; B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685; Chron. de Melsa, i. 304; ii. 36-7, 172-3, 212.
17. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 37, 92, 172; iii. 172.
18. Poulson, Holderness, i. 119.
19. E.R.A.O., CSR/15/4; Mon. Notes, i (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xvii), pp. 9, 136; Chron. de Melsa, iii. 172; Public Works in Med. Law, ii (Selden Soc. xl), pp. 345-7.
21. Sheppard, op. cit. 10. It was shown in 1782: E.R.A.O., DX/132.
22. 4 Geo. III, c. 47 (Priv. Act); 6 Geo. III, c. 74 (Priv. Act); 2 & 3 Wm. IV, c. 50 (Private); V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 278-9.
23. E.R.A.O., DDCC/143/135; ibid. QDA/12A (plan), 12B; 13; R.D.B., FC/311/318.
24. R.D.B., 1178/536/491; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 279; Sheppard, op. cit. 22.
25. 'Meaux Cart.', p. 263; Chron. de Melsa, ii. 92.
26. Reg. Romeyn, i, p. 11 n.
27. Chron. de Melsa, i. 304; ii. 37.
28. Ibid. ii. 37, 92. Also ibid. 212.
29. E.R.A.O., CSR/15/4; Poulson, Holderness, i. 119-20.
30. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685; E.R.A.O., DX/132; above, Leven, intro.; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CCXI. 2 (1893 edn.).
31. K.A. MacMahon, Roads and Turnpike Trusts in E. Yorks. (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xviii), 26-7, 70.
32. H.U.L., DDFA/15/59; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
34. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1965-6, 129; 1967-8, 130, 351; R.D.B., 1522/515/471; 1678/122/103; 1694/323/258.
35. E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI, CCXI (1855 edn.); O.S. Map 1/10,560, TA 04 SE. (1956 edn.).
36. Below, manors. For Routh before rebuilding, E.R.A.O., DX/132; H. Teesdale, Map of Yorks. (1828); A. Bryant, Map of E.R. Yorks. (1829).
37. Sale catalogue of 1938 with photographs at H.U.L., DDX/16/351; below, educ.
39. H.U.L., DDX/16/351; R.D.B., 839/372/300; Beverley R.D.C. Mins. 1949-50, 67, 159.
40. E.R.A.O., QDT/2/6, 9. Cf. H.U.L., DDFA/15/59; R.D.B., GR/330/400.
41. B.I.H.R., V. 1900, no. 314; V. 1931/Ret.; H.U.L., DDX/16/351; directories.
42. R.D.B., 621/101/79; 1551/384/343; Review of Char. Report, 35; below, nonconf.; inf. from Mr. D. F. Hall, Routh, 1997.
43. B.I.H.R., V. 1931/Ret.; inf. from Mr. Hall.
44. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 92; Poulson, Holderness, i. 120; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
45. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
46. Inf. from Mr. Hall, 1997.
47. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685.
48. Hist. inf. board in Routh, 1996; B. B. Halpenny, Action Stations 4: Military Airfields of Yorks. 100.
49. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216, 326; below, this section [Morkar].
50. Feud. Aids, vi. 163.
51. Beverley Minster Fasti (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. cxlix), 8-9; Mon. Notes, i (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xvii), p. 8.
52. Le Neve, Fasti, 1300-1541, Northern Province, 13, 71, 84, 92.
53. P.R.O., C 142/214, no. 205; ibid. E 317/Yorks./17; e.g. H.U.L., DDCV/16/5; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 77, 211.
54. E.R.A.O., PE/129/150, ff. 5v.-6v.; Chron. de Melsa, ii. 39, 92, 172; Reg. Corbridge, i, p. 200. For the Rouths, Chron. de Melsa, ii. 92.
55. Yorks. Fines, 1300-14, p. 57.
56. E.R.A.O., PE/129/150, f. 7v.; Yorks, Fines, 1347-77, pp. 201-2; Cal. Pat. 1358-61, 68; Cal. Chart. R. 1341-1417, 301; Feud. Aids, vi. 273; above, Aldbrough, manors (Tansterne). For the Rouths, also E.R.A.O., PE/147/26-7.
57. P.R.O., C 142/48, no. 161; Yorks. Fines, i. 140.
58. P.R.O., CP 40/1154, Carte rot. 15; ibid. C 142/214, nos. 205, 221.
59. E.R.A.O., PE/129/150, f. 6v.
60. P.R.O., C 1/9/440; Cal. Close, 1461-8, 321-2; Y.A.J. xii. 225.
61. P.R.O., C 141/4, no. 45.
62. Ibid. C 142/214, no. 221; for the Michelbournes, Suss. Arch. Colln. 1, 67-101.
63. E.R.A.O., DDRI/35/29, 33; P.R.O., E 317/Yorks./17; Yorks. Fines, 1614-25, 11.
64. P.R.O., CP 25(2)/525/23 Chas. I Trin. [no. 18]; E.R.A.O., DDRI/35/50; H.U.L., DDMC/6/1.
65. P.R.O., CP 25(2)/752/14 Chas. II Mic. nos. 41, 80; Poulson, Holderness, i. 393.
67. Reg. Corbridge, i, p. 66.
68. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216, 265, 326.
69. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. v. 9-10.
70. E.R.A.O., DDCC/111/213; DDCC/112/120; DDCC/ 139/5.
71. Chron. de Melsa, i. 78, 83; E.Y.C. iii, p. 91; above, Aldbrough, manors (Ringbrough).
72. Chron. de Melsa, i. 363-4, 418; Yorks. Fines, 1218-31, pp. 153-4; Cur. Reg. R. xii, p. 191. For the Scrutevilles and their heirs, the Roses, Chron. de Melsa, ii. 38-9; Yorks. Fines, 1218-31, p. 154 n.
73. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 38, 92; Kirkby's Inquest, 373; E.R.A.O., DDCC/112/120.
74. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 2, p. 122.
75. P.R.O., SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; SC 6/1079/4 (the latter account identifies the holding); Feud. Aids, vi. 40; Cal. Inq. p.m. iv, p. 356; Chron. de Melsa, ii. 212.
76. Feud. Aids, vi. 163.
77. P.R.O., C 135/112, no. 37; Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, p. 98; ix, p. 440; Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 2, p. 123.
78. Yorks. Deeds, viii, p. 108; ix, pp. 38-9; Chron. de Melsa, iii. 172.
79. P.R.O., C 142/30, no. 66; Test. Ebor. ii, pp. 159-60; iii, pp. 181 n., 238 n., 337.
80. E.R.A.O., DDCC/112/120; P.R.O., C 3/119/14; C 142/111, no. 67; B.I.H.R., CP. G. 1182; Yorks. Fines, i. 304; Visit. Yorks. 1584-5 and 1612, ed. J. Foster, 167. Brigham's relationship is variously given in the sources. For the Cholmeleys, Yorks. Fines, i. 264; P.R.O., C 66/1525, mm. 10-19, and the Kendalls, Cal. S.P. Dom. 1598-1601, 484-5.
81. Yorks. Fines, i. 360.
82. P.R.O., C 142/530, no. 155; ibid. CP 43/330, rot. 37d.; Yorks. Fines, iv. 21; Yorks. Royalist Composition Papers, i (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xv), pp. 97-8, 104; J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii, s.v. Hildyard.
83. E.R.A.O., DDHI, mortgage 1678; above, this section [Routh, Scruteville].
84. E.R.A.O., PE/147/24; J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii, s.v. Hildyard.
85. P.R.O., CP 25(2)/987/5 Anne Trin. [no. 1]. For the following, also V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. iv. 147.
86. R.D.B., A/276/396; A/325/461; G/298/657.
88. R.D.B., AS/66/111; AS/500/841; AY/337/553.
90. R.D.B., BR/75/104; BR/77/105. For the Onslows, Burke, Peerage, Baronetage, & Knightage (1937), 1837-8, and Townshends, Complete Peerage.
91. R.D.B., FB/168/183; FZ/332/389; GR/330/400; GT/ 71/85; GX/32/35; Mainwaring Ellerker Estate Act, 8 & 9 Vic. c. 14 (Private).
92. R.D.B., 92/19/18 (1907); Complete Peerage, s.v. Londesborough; Burke, Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage (1931), 2090.
94. Ibid. 594/485/385; 603/42/33; 603/229/167; 603/443/ 334; 604/43/33; H.U.L., DDX/16/351.
96. R.D.B., 602/598/471; 602/599/472; 602/600/473.
97. Ibid. 1249/250/226; inf. from Mrs. Sinkler, Routh, 1996.
99. R.D.B., A/325/461; B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685.
100. E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CCXI. 2 (1893 edn.).
101. E.Y.C. iii. pp. 91, 93-4; Chron. de Melsa, i. 83; Yorks. Fines, 1218-31, pp. 153-4.
102. E.R.A.O., DDCC/112/120; Chron. de Melsa, i. 362-5, 418-19; ii. 38, 40.
103. Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, 427.
104. Chron. de Melsa, iii. 11.
105. P.R.O., C 66/1525, mm. 10-19.
106. Ibid. C 142/530, no. 155; E.R.A.O., DDCC/139/5; Yorks. Royalist Composition Papers, ii (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xviii), pp. 11-12; J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii, s.v. Hildyard.
108. E.Y.C. ii, pp. 442-4; iii, p. 70; Chron. de Melsa, i. 365; ii. 40-1; Bridlington Chart. ed. W. T. Lancaster, 307; Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 120.
109. Chron. de Melsa, i. 362; ii. 290; Cur. Reg. R. xii, p. 191.
110. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 40; above, Aldbrough, manors (Thorpe).
111. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 172; Public Works in Med. Law, ii (Selden Soc. xl), pp. 345-7.
112. E.R.A.O., DDCC/112/120; above, intro.
113. The following is based on B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh n.d., 1685; cf. plan of 1782 at E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI, CCXI (1855 edn.).
114. Below, Withernwick, econ. hist.
116. Chron. de Melsa, iii. 172.
117. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1716.
118. E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI, CCXI (1855 edn.).
119. R.D.B., A/276/396; E.R.A.O., DX/132.
120. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216.
121. E.Y.C. iii, p. 70.
122. Chron. de Melsa, i. 365; ii. 36, 172.
124. B.L. Cott. MS. Vit. C. vi, ff. 205 and v., 221v.-2, 230v.; P.R.O., C 66/1525, mm. 10-19.
125. P.R.O., SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; SC 6/1079/4; above, manors.
126. Test. Ebor. iii, p. 143.
127. P.R.O., SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; Chron. de Melsa, ii. 37; above, manors.
128. P.R.O., CP 25(2)/752/14 Chas. II Mic. no. 80; Chron. de Melsa, i. 365.
129. P.R.O., SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; above, manors.
130. Mon. Notes, i (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xvii), p. 136.
131. P.R.O., C 66/1135, mm. 30-3; E 315/153, ff. 183-8.
132. Ibid. C 3/119/14; C 142/30, no. 66. Also ibid. CP 25(2)/752/14 Chas. II Mic. no. 80; Yorks. Fines, i. 119; ii. 87.
133. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685.
134. Chron. de Melsa, i. 79; ii. 173; above, manors [Meaux abbey].
135. P.R.O., SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; Chron. de Melsa, ii. 36; above, manors.
136. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685; E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CCXI. 3 (1891 edn.).
137. B.I.H.R., TA. 657l; H.U.L., DDX/16/351; Acreage Returns, 1905.
138. B.I.H.R., TA. 657L; H.U.L., DDX/16/351; Acreage Returns, 1905; [1st] Land Util. Surv. Map, sheet 28.
141. Ibid. DDX/16/351; B.I.H.R., TA. 657L; R.D.B., 92/19/18 (1907); P.R.O., HO 107/2359.
142. Directories; inf. from Mr. D. F. Hall, Routh, 1997.
143. Inf. from Min. of Agric., Fish. & Food; above, this section.
144. E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.); O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 14-15 (1891 edn.).
145. Inf. from Tarmac Quarry Products (Eastern) Ltd., Matlock, 1996; Hull Daily Mail, 13 Nov. 1995.
146. Board on business; inf. from Mr. Hall, 1997.
149. P.R.O., C 135/112, no. 37; C 142/530, no. 155; SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, p. 98; Yorks. Fines, i. 298, 304; above, manors.
150. E.R.A.O., PE/129/150, f. 7v.; P.R.O., CP 25(2)/ 752/14 Chas. II Mic. no. 80.
151. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1685; E.R.A.O., DX/132; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
152. P.R.O., C 135/112, no. 37; SC 6/1078/17, m. 3; above, manors.
153. P.R.O., C 66/1525, mm. 10-19; Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 224.
154. E.R.A.O., PE/129/150, f. 6v.
155. Shaftesbury MSS., M 218; above, manors; above, Leven, manors.
158. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 221; H.U.L., DDFA/ 15/59; Herring's Visit. iii, p. 34.
159. Overseers' accts. 1804-36: E.R.A.O., PE/147/25.
160. Poor Law Abstract, 1804, pp. 594-5; 1818, pp. 522-3.
161. E.R.A.O., PE/147/25; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 192.
162. 3rd Rep. Poor Law Com. 167.
164. Humberside (Structural Change) Order 1995, copy at E.R.A.O.
165. E.R.A.O., CCO/768; inf. from Mr. D. F. Hall, Routh, 1997.
166. Below, this section [incumbents].
167. Lists of rectors and curates in Routh church, 1996.
168. Para. based on Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 2, pp. 122-5. Above, manors.
169. Yorks. Fines, iv. 21.
170. P.R.O., CP 25(2)/987/5 Anne Trin. [no. 1]; R.D.B., AS/66/111; GR/330/400; Poulson, Holderness, i. 397.
171. R.D.B., 92/19/18 (1907); B.I.H.R., BA. TP. 1907/2; above, manors.
172. B.I.H.R., Inst. AB. 28, pp. 447-8; Inst. AB. 32, p. 281.
173. B.I.H.R., BA. TP. 1940/1; R.D.B., 638/136/114; above, manors; Ch. of Eng. Yr. Bk. (1962), pp. 295-6; (1976), p. 285; Crockford (1989-90, 1991-2).
175. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 304.
176. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 115.
178. H.U.L., DDFA/15/59; B.I.H.R., Bp. Dio. 3, p. 170.
179. Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 962-3.
180. B.I.H.R., V. 1884/Ret. 2.
181. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 115.
182. Reg. Giffard, pp. 298-9.
183. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh n. d. [later 17th cent.]-1849.
186. P.R.O., E 179/205/504; below, this section [incumbents].
187. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1716, .
188. Ibid. MGA. 1815/4; Acct. of Benefices ... 1810-16, H.C. 5, p. 206, (1818), xviii.
189. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh 1825, 1849; Poulson, Holderness, i. 397.
190. Directories; memorial in chancel.
191. B.I.H.R., MGA. 1865/4; dated rainwater heads at ho. The brickwork was painted in the later 20th cent.
192. O.S. Map 1:10,000, TA 04 SE. (1974 edn.); R.D.B., 1045/443/394; inf. from York Dioc. Bd. of Finance, 1981.
193. P.R.O., E 310/27/159, f. 100; ibid. C 142/530, no. 155.
194. He was perhaps Thos. clerk of Routh who witnessed a deed c. 1190 and whose son Phil. fl. in the early 13th century: Chron. de Melsa, i. 363-4; E.Y.C. iii. 106; 'Meaux Cart.', pp. 437-8.
195. Reg. Corbridge, i, pp. 185-6.
196. Le Neve, Fasti, 1300-1541, Northern Province, 71, 92; Cal. Pat. 1307-13, 280.
197. Cal. Close, 1339-41, 490-1.
198. Test. Ebor. iii, pp. 181 n., 337.
199. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 2, pp. 122-4; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 79; J.S. Purvis, Tudor Par. Doc. of Dioc. York, 96.
200. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 2, p. 125; Poulson, Holderness, ii. 498.
201. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 221; Herring's Visit. iii, pp. 34-5.
202. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh .
203. Ibid. V. 1865/Ret. 2, no. 433; ibid. Inst. AB. 23, p. 10; R.D.B., FC/311/318; P.R.O., HO 129/518/4/2/4; Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 962-3; directories.
204. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 2, no. 433; V. 1868/Ret. 2, no. 383; V. 1871/Ret. 2, no. 388; V. 1877/Ret. 2, no. 206; V. 1884/Ret. 2; V. 1912-22/Ret.; V. 1931/Ret.
205. B.I.H.R., Inst. AB. 35, pp. 391-2; ibid. ADM. 1959/1-2; list of rectors in Routh church, 1996; Crockford.
206. List of curates in charge in Routh church, 1996; Crockford.
207. Notice in church porch; Beverley Minster Par. Mag. (June 1996).
208. Cal. Pat. 1572-5, pp. 39-43; 1575-8, p. 486-90.
209. E.R.A.O., PE/147/11; Test. Ebor. ii, p. 159.
210. B.I.H.R., ER. V./CB. 1, f. 89v.; ER. V./CB. 4, f. 139v.; ER. V./CB. 5, f. 154v.; ER. V./CB. 12, f. 79v.; Reg. Corbridge, i, p. 172.
211. E.R.A.O., PE/147/22. For the church before restoration, Poulson, Holderness, i. 398-9, illus. facing 390.
212. B.I.H.R., Ch. Ret. ii; inscription in window.
213. A proposed vestry was not built: B.I.H.R., Fac. 1904/20; E.R.A.O., PE/147/11; Poulson, Holderness, i. 399.
214. Poulson, Holderness, i. 399.
215. Y.A.J. xii. 223-4, illus.; Poulson, Holderness, i. 399 and illus.
216. Inventories of Ch. Goods, 51.
217. Boulter, 'Ch. Bells', 85. B.I.H.R., ER. V./CB. 10, f. 86v.
218. B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 9, p. 553; plaque on tower.
219. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Routh -1849; Yorks. Ch. Plate, i. 305, which errs in the identification of the donor of the modern set.
220. E.R.A.O., PE/147/1-4. There are transcripts from 1600: B.I.H.R., PRT. Holderness D. Routh.
221. Poulson, Holderness, i. 399.
222. B.I.H.R., CD. Add. 1987/3.
223. Ibid. TER. H. Routh 1777, 1825.
225. Review of Char. Report, 35; Char. Com. index; inf. from County Archivist, Beverley, 1996; inf. from Mr. D. F. Hall, Routh, 1997.
226. Ibid. ER. V./CB. 1, f. 89v.
227. Compton Census, ed. A. Whiteman, 600.
228. B.I.H.R., V. 1868/Ret. 2, no. 383.
229. Above, intro.; below, educ.
230. Hull Daily Mail, 9 May 1995; 8 Jan. 1996; inf. from Mr. J. Maunder, Beverley, 1996.
231. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 221; Herring's Visit. iii, p. 34.
232. Educ. of Poor Digest, 1089.
233. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 492; Kelly's Dir. N. ½ E.R. Yorks. (1893), 481; datestone on former school; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 14 (1891 edn.); Complete Peerage, s.v. Londesborough.
234. B.I.H.R., V. 1868/Ret. 2, no. 383.
235. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 470-1.
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