Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-26-32631
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 04:14:43+00:00

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Optical metasurfaces have great potential to form a platform for manipulation of surface waves. A plethora of advanced surface-wave phenomena such as negative refraction, self-collimation and channeling of 2D waves can be realized through on-demand engineering of dispersion properties of a periodic metasurface. In this letter, we report on polarization-resolved measurement of dispersion of plasmon waves supported by an anisotropic metasurface. We demonstrate that a subdiffractive array of strongly coupled resonant plasmonic nanoparticles supports both TE and TM plasmon modes at optical frequencies. With the assistance of numerical simulations we identify dipole and quadrupole dispersion bands. The shape of isofrequency contours of the modes changes drastically with frequency exhibiting nontrivial transformations of their curvature and topology that is confirmed by the experimental data. By revealing polarization degree of freedom for surface waves, our results open new routes for designing planar on-chip devices for surface photonics.
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Fig. 1 (a) False color scanning electron micrograph of a small region of the metasurface sample (image taken before sputtering of the cover layer). The inset shows the unit cell used in numerical simulations. (b) Schematic of the experimental geometry for surface waves spectroscopy in Otto configuration.
Fig. 2 Measured and simulated angular dependencies of the reflectance spectra of the anisotropic metasurface coupled to a high-index ZnSe prism. The data are presented for both TM- and TE-polarized excitation (left and right column couples, respectively). Top, middle and bottom rows correspond to the plane of incidence forming an azimuthal angle φ of 90°, 45°, and 0° with the short axis of elliptic particles, as sketched at the right. The wavelength-dependent critical angle for the ZnSe-resist interface is shown with the white dashed line. The white dotted line stands for the edge of the first Brillouin zone. The black dashed curves indicating surface waves are given for eye guiding. Different types of surface modes are designated with circles.
Fig. 3 Simulated surface charge density distributions corresponding to the dipole (a, b) and quadrupole (c, d) surface modes excited in the metasurface by TM- (a, c) and TE-polarized (b, d) incident light. The plane of incidence is parallel to the long axis of elliptical particles. The incident wavevector forms an angle of θ = 50° with surface normal. The respective reflectance dips associated with surface modes excitation are marked with circles in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 Reciprocal space reflectance maps for TM- (top row) and TE-polarized (bottom row) light demonstrating spectral evolution of isofrequency contours of surface waves. The maps are plotted within first Brillouin zone. The largest absolute value of available wavevectors (outer circular edge of the definition area) corresponds to the light circle in ZnSe. The inner dashed black circle indicates light wavevector in fused silica substrate. The surface states reside between these circles. Crosses denote the experimental data.

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