Source: http://www.smithlawfirm.com/fraud-inducement-and-gift
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 22:58:28+00:00

Document:
The petition fails to state a claim for fraudulent misrepresentation. The only representation alleged [**11] is that one defendant, Mr. Walsh, told plaintiff that if she did not sign the guaranty, Mr. Akbani would go to jail. 3 The petition fails to allege that any defendant other than Mr. Walsh made or authorized this representation, and thus fails to even attempt to make a claim against any defendant other than Mr. Walsh. See Hanrahan v. Nashua Corp., 752 S.W.2d 878, 883 (Mo.App. 1988). Further, the petition does not state a claim for fraudulent misrepresentation against any defendant, including Mr. Walsh, because it fails to allege 1) that the representation was false, Arnold, 934 S.W.2d at 627, or 2) that the speaker knew it was false. Wieners v. Miller, 683 S.W.2d 659, 661 (Mo.App. 1984). In addition, the petition alleges plaintiff's lack of knowledge, reliance, and right to rely solely as conclusions, without any supporting facts. Thus, the petition fails to set forth the elements of fraudulent misrepresentation with the required particularity against any defendant. See Custom Craft Tile, Inc. v. Bridgecrest, 662 S.W.2d 320, 322 (Mo.App. 1983).
To make a submissible case of fraudulent misrepresentation a party must show: (1) a false, material representation; (2) the speaker's knowledge of its falsity or his ignorance of its truth; (3) the speaker's intent that it should be acted upon by the hearer in the manner reasonably contemplated; [*210] (4) the hearer's ignorance of the falsity of the statement; (5) the hearer's reliance on its truth, and the right to rely thereon; and (6) proximate injury. Gast v. Ebert, 739 S.W.2d 545, 546 (Mo. banc 1987). The establishment of each of these elements is necessary for recovery, and failure to establish any one element is fatal. Fredrick v. Bensen Aircraft Corporation, 436 [**8] S.W.2d 765 (Mo. App. 1968).
Check Black’s. Is this a legal term?
Parties are not entitled to rely on representations of agents and others, absent some confidential relationship or fraudulent inducement tending to convince the releasor that he need not make an independent investigation of the facts. To establish a "confidential relationship," there must be evidence of a special trust with respect to the property or business under consideration, even though the relations between the parties may be informal.
By the common law duress was divided into two classes, (1) duress by imprisonment and (2) duress per minas. [9 Cyc., p. 444.] Of the latter class are such Missouri cases as Lacks v. Bank, 204 Mo. 455, 102 S.W. 1007, and Hensinger v. Dyer, 147 Mo. 219, 48 S.W. 912. The class is thus defined by the same authority at page 445: "Duress per minas arises when a person (1) is threatened with loss of life, (2) is threatened with loss of limb, (3) is threatened with mayhem, or (4) is threatened with imprisonment, and only in these cases at common law."
A person claiming a gift has the burden of proving the gift by clear and convincing evidence. In re Petersen's Estate, 295 S.W.2d 144, 150 (Mo. 1956). The elements of a gift are "a present intent to make a gift on the part of the donor, a delivery of the property by the donor to the donee, and an acceptance by the donee . . . ."

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