Source: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1138389
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 16:55:23+00:00

Document:
exempt its own operations from their own influence."7 In ad- dition, the Court asserted that:8 No trace is to be found in the constitution, of an inten- tion to create a dependence of the government of the Union on those of the states, for the execution of the great powers assigned to it. Its means are adequate to its ends; and on those means alone was it expected to rely for the accomplishment of its ends. It may also be noted that the powers of the Federal Govern- ment are exercised by three branches, the legislative, the exec- utive, and the judicial.9 "The first was to pass laws, the second, to approve and execute them, and the third, to expound and 7 4 Wheat, at 427. For example, while validly exercising its commerce power in the construction of a river development, the "United States may perform its functions without conforming to the police regulations of a State" which require that plans be submitted to a state official for approval. Arizona v. California, 283 U. S. 423, 451 (1931). Similarly, when deer were killed at the instance of the Secretary of Agriculture to prevent overgrazing in a national forest, state game laws to the contrary notwithstanding, the Supreme Court said that, "the power of the United States to thus protect its lands and property does not admit of doubt." Hunt v. United States, 278 U.S. 96,100 (1928). Nor may the United States be subjected to legal proceedings without its consent. The Siren, 7 Wall. 152,154 (U. S. 1868). This immunity "extends to suits of every class." III. Cent. R. B. Co. v. Public Utilities Commission, 245 U. S. 493, 505 (1918). And any waiver must be strictly interpreted, "since it is a relinquishment of sovereign immunity." United States v. Sher- wood, 312 U. S. 584, 590 (1914). Likewise, properties of the United States are not subject to state or local taxes or special assessments. Mullen Be- nevolent Corp. v. United States, 290 U. S. 89, 94 (1933). Otherwise, as the Supreme Court said in M'Culloch v. Maryland, to im- pose upon the United States "the necessity of resorting to means which it cannot control, which another government may furnish or withhold, would render its course precarious, the result of its measures uncertain, and cre- ate a dependence on other governments, which might disappoint its most important designs, and is incompatible with the language of the constitu- tion." 4 Wheat, at 424. • 4 Wheat, at 424. •The Constitution provides that: "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States" (Art. I, § 1). "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America" (Art. II, § 1). "The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish" (Art. Ill, § 1).

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