Source: https://www.california-dui-lawyers.org/articles/california-code-of-regulations-title-17---forensic-alcohol-analysis-and-breath-alcohol-analysis-/MjY=
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 12:32:16+00:00

Document:
Chapter 5 Sections 436.50-436.63 of Part 1 of Division 1 of the Health and Safety Code.
(a) "Alcohol" means the unique chemical compound, ethyl alcohol, with the exception that reference in these regulations to compounds to be avoided as skin antiseptics includes the generic class of organic compounds known as alcohols.
(b) "Forensic Alcohol Analysis" means the practical application of specialized devices, instruments, and methods by trained laboratory personnel to measure the concentration of ethyl alcohol in samples of blood, breath, urine, or tissue of persons involved in traffic accidents or traffic violations.
(c) "Breath Alcohol Analysis" means analysis of a sample of a person's expired breath, using a breath testing instrument designed for this purpose, in order to determine the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the person's blood.
(d) "Concentration" means the weight amount of alcohol contained in a unit volume of liquid or a unit volume of gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure; in the case of a solid tissue specimen, "concentration" means the weight amount of alcohol contained in a unit weight of specimen.
(e) "Forensic Alcohol Laboratory" means a place at which specialized apparatus, instruments, and methods are used by trained laboratory personnel to measure the concentration of alcohol in samples of blood, breath, urine, or tissue of persons involved in traffic accidents or in traffic violations; this may be an activity of a laboratory engaged in activities other than alcohol analysis.
(f) "Forensic Alcohol Supervisor" means a person employed by a forensic alcohol laboratory who can be responsible for all aspects of the performance of forensic alcohol analysis and for the supervision of personnel who perform such analysis.
(g) "Forensic Alcohol Analyst" means a person employed by a forensic alcohol laboratory who performs the technical procedures of forensic alcohol analysis.
(h) "Forensic Alcohol Analyst Trainee" means a person employed by a forensic alcohol laboratory for the purpose of receiving comprehensive practical experience and instruction in the technical procedures of forensic alcohol analysis under the supervision of a forensic alcohol supervisor or forensic alcohol analyst.
(i) "Method" means the steps used by a trained person to make a measurement of alcohol concentration.
(j) "Instrument" or "Device" means any item or combination of items of equipment used to make a measurement of alcohol concentration; simple and complex devices are included in this meaning.
(k) "License" means a document issued by the State Department of Health to a laboratory to perform the tests referred to in the Health and Safety Code, Sections 436.51 and 436.52.
(l) "Sample" or "Specimen" means a representative portion of breath, blood, urine, or tissue or of an artificially constituted material, taken for the purpose of measuring its alcohol concentration.
(m) "Alveolar" refers to the smallest air sacs in the lungs and to that portion of the expired breath which is in equilibrium with respect to alcohol with the immediately adjacent pulmonary blood.
(n) "Department" means the California State Department of Health and its duly authorized representatives.
(a) Every laboratory performing forensic alcohol analysis shall have a valid license issued in accordance with the provisions of these regulations.
(1) Forensic alcohol analysis shall be performed only by persons who meet the qualifications set forth in these regulations for forensic alcohol supervisors, forensic alcohol analysts, or forensic alcohol analyst trainees.
(A) A trainee may perform forensic alcohol analysis only under the supervision of a forensic alcohol supervisor or forensic alcohol analyst.
(2) The Department shall not be limited by these regulations in performing functions in administration of the alcohol analysis and licensing program.
§ 1216.1. Qualifications for Licensing.
(5) Showing ability to meet the requirements set forth in these regulations.
(b) These qualifications shall be maintained at all times by each licensed laboratory.
(c) The Department may deny a license or renewal thereof, or take disciplinary action against a licensee, for failure to maintain these qualifications in a manner which meets the Department's standards for approval.
(d) Whenever a licensed laboratory employing only one forensic alcohol supervisor loses that person, the Department may upon petition of the laboratory extend the license for a period not exceeding 90 days during which time the laboratory shall hire another forensic alcohol supervisor.
(1) Such an extension shall be contingent on the laboratory's having in its employ at least one forensic alcohol analyst and upon the laboratory's successfully demonstrating to the Department continued competence in forensic alcohol analysis through such proficiency tests, examinations, and on-site inspections as the Department may require.
(5) Either is a person who, prior to January 1, 1971, qualified as director of a clinical laboratory operating under the provisions of the California Business and Professions Code, or is a person who, for a period of one year prior to January 1, 1971, has been employed in the activities of a forensic alcohol supervisor.
(6) Either is a person who, prior to January 1, 1971, was a clinical laboratory technologist licensed under the provisions of the California Business and Professions Code, or is a person who, for a period of one year prior to January 1, 1971, has been employed in the activities of a forensic alcohol analyst.
(2) Is employed by a licensed forensic alcohol laboratory.
§ 1217. Forensic Alcohol Laboratory License.
(a) Upon receipt of a completed application which shows ability to meet the requirements set forth in these regulations, and upon payment of any required fee, the Department shall submit such proficiency test samples and perform such examinations as are required for that laboratory to complete the qualifications.
(b) Upon the laboratory's successfully completing all the qualifications, the Department shall issue to the applicant laboratory a forensic alcohol laboratory license.
§ 1217.1. Renewal of Licenses.
(a) Licenses under these regulations shall be renewed as required by the Department as long as the activity requiring authorization continues. Renewal shall be contingent upon the laboratory continuing in the qualifications set forth in these regulations.
(1) A forensic alcohol laboratory license shall be valid from January 1 to December 31 of a calendar year. Applications for renewal and applicable fees shall be submitted to the Department on or before October 1 of each year.
(2) Failure to apply for renewal shall result in forfeiture after a period of three months from the day on which the application for renewal should have been submitted, with the exception that the Department may grant a temporary extension under special circumstances.
(3) An application for renewal shall not list as a forensic alcohol analyst trainee any person who fails to comply with the requirements of Section 1216.1 (f) (4) within a period of one year after he was first listed with the Department as a trainee. The Department may extend this period for a justifiable reason, such as illness.
Application for a license and renewal thereof, shall be made on forms furnished by the Department. The applicant shall set forth all pertinent information called for by the form.
§ 1217.3. Report of Change or Discontinuance.
(a) A person responsible for the operation of a forensic alcohol laboratory shall report to the Department in writing within 30 days any change in qualified personnel who may be performing forensic alcohol analysis, change of ownership, change of address or change or discontinuance of an activity authorized under these regulations.
(b) Such reports shall be made on forms furnished by the Department and shall set forth all pertinent information called for by the form.
(c) Persons who formerly qualified as forensic alcohol supervisors or forensic alcohol analysts in another laboratory may be required to demonstrate again their ability to meet the requirement of Section 1216.1 (e) (3) or 1216.1 (f) (4) using the method, apparatus and facilities of the forensic alcohol laboratory which newly lists them in such a Report of Change or Discontinuance.
Licenses issued under these regulations shall not imply approval of anything carried out by a laboratory other than what is specified on the document.
Forensic Alcohol Laboratory Licenses shall become part of permanent records available to the courts for legal proceedings or to the Department.
§ 1217.6. Inspection and Additional Requirements.
(a) Display of Licenses. Licenses issued under these regulations shall be displayed on request to representatives of the Department.
(b) Access to Premises. The Department may enter at all reasonable times upon any laboratory for the purpose of determining whether or not there is compliance with the provisions of these regulations.
§ 1217.7. Surveys and Proficiency Tests.
(a) Laboratories having been licensed or applying for licensing as forensic alcohol laboratories shall be subject to on-site surveys by representatives of the Department, the results of which must meet the requirements of these regulations, and shall accept periodic evaluation samples, perform analyses and report the results of such analyses to the Department.
(b) These analytical results shall be used by the Department to evaluate the accuracy of the forensic alcohol analyses performed by the laboratory, and the results must meet the requirements of these regulations.
§ 1217.8. Fees and Other Procedures.
The annual application fee for a Forensic Alcohol Laboratory License or its renewal shall be one hundred dollars ($100). A laboratory operated by the state, city or county or other public organization shall be exempt from the annual application fee requirement. Other procedures in the administration of these regulations shall be carried out as set forth in Chapter 5 (commencing with section 436.50) of Part 1 of Division 1 of the Health and Safety Code. Such other procedures include suspension or revocation of license, denial of license, and disciplinary action.
§ 1218. Training Program Approval.
Any organization, laboratory, institution, school, or college conducting a course of instruction for persons to qualify under these regulations shall submit a course summary and list of instructors and their qualifications to the Department for approval.
At the discretion of the Department, any phase or portion of a training program shall be subject to alteration in an effort to update the program as technological advances are made or if a portion has been judged inappropriate.
The Department may contract with persons it deems qualified to administer such practical tests and written or oral examinations as may be required under these regulations. This section shall not be construed to authorize the delegation of any discretionary functions conferred on the Department by law, including, but not limited to, the evaluation of tests and examinations.
Samples taken for forensic alcohol analysis and breath alcohol analysis shall be collected and handled in a manner approved by the Department. The identity and integrity of the samples shall be maintained through collection to analysis and reporting.
§ 1219.1. Blood Collection and Retention.
(a) Blood samples shall be collected by venipuncture from living individuals as soon as feasible after an alleged offense and only by persons authorized by Section 13354 of the Vehicle Code.
(b) Sufficient blood shall be collected to permit duplicate determinations.
(c) Alcohol or other volatile organic disinfectant shall not be used to clean the skin where a specimen is to be collected. Aqueous benzalkonium chloride (zephiran), aqueous merthiolate or other suitable aqueous disinfectant shall be used.
(d) Blood samples shall be collected using sterile, dry hypodermic needles and syringes, or using clean, dry vacuum type containers with sterile needles. Reusable equipment,if used, shall not be cleaned or kept in alcohol or other volatile organic solvent.
(e) The blood sample shall be deposited into a clean, dry container which is closed with an inert stopper.
(1) Alcohol or other volatile organic solvent shall not be used to clean the container.
(2) The blood shall be mixed with an anticoagulant and a preservative.
(1) Samples shall be obtained prior to the start of any embalming procedure. Blood samples shall not be collected from the circulatory system effluent during arterial injection of embalming fluid. Coroner's samples do not need a preservative added if stored under refrigeration.
(2) Care shall be taken to avoid contamination by alcohol from the gastrointestinal tract directly or by diffusion therefrom. The sample shall be taken from a major vein or the heart.
(g) In order to allow for analysis by the defendant, the remaining portion of the sample shall be retained for one year after the date of collection.
(1) In coroner's cases, blood samples shall be retained for at least 90 days after date of collection.
(2) Whenever a sample is requested by the defendant for analysis and a sufficient sample remains, the forensic alcohol laboratory or law enforcement agency in possession of the original sample shall continue such possession, but shall provide the defendant with a portion of the remaining sample in a clean container together with a copy or transcript of the identifying information carried on the original sample container.
§ 1219.2. Urine Collection and Retention.
(a) The only approved urine sample shall be a sample collected no sooner than twenty minutes after first voiding the bladder.
(b) The specimen shall be deposited in a clean, dry container which also contains a preservative.
(c) In order to allow for analysis by the defendant, the remaining portion of the sample shall be retained for one year after the date of collection.
(1) Whenever a sample is requested by the defendant for analysis and a sufficient sample remains, the forensic alcohol laboratory or law enforcement agency in possession of the original sample shall continue such possession, but shall provide the defendant with a portion of the remaining sample in a clean container together with a copy or transcript of the identifying information carried by the original sample container.
A breath sample shall be expired breath which is essentially alveolar in composition. The quantity of the breath sample shall be established by direct volumetric measurement. The breath sample shall be collected only after the subject has been under continuous observation for at least fifteen minutes prior to collection of the breath sample, during which time the subject must not have ingested alcoholic beverages or other fluids, regurgitated, vomited, eaten, or smoked.
(a) All laboratory methods used for forensic alcohol analysis shall be subject to standards set forth in this Article.
(b) Each licensed forensic alcohol laboratory shall have on file with the Department detailed, up-to-date written descriptions of each method it uses for forensic alcohol analysis.
(1) Such descriptions shall be immediately available to the person performing an analysis and shall be available for inspection by the Department on request.
(2) Each such description shall include the calibration procedures and the quality control program for the method.
§ 1220.1. Standards of Performance.
(2) The method shall be capable of the analysis of ethyl alcohol with a specificity which is adequate and appropriate for traffic law enforcement.
(5) The method shall give a test result which is always less than 0.01 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood when living subjects free of alcohol are tested.
(b) The ability of methods to meet the standards of performance set forth in this Section shall be evaluated by the Department using a laboratory's proficiency test results and such ability must meet the requirements of these regulations.
§ 1220.2. Standards of Procedure.
(1) The method shall be calibrated with standards which are water solutions of alcohol.
(A) Such alcohol solutions are secondary standards.
(2) The procedure shall include blank and secondary alcohol standard samples at least once each day that samples are subjected to forensic alcohol analysis.
(A) The blank and secondary alcohol standard samples shall be taken through all steps of the method used for forensic alcohol analysis of samples.
(3) The procedure shall also include analysis of quality control reference samples as described in Section 1220.3 and shall include at least duplicate analyses of samples for forensic alcohol analysis.
(A) A quality control reference sample shall not be taken from the same lot of alcohol solution which is used as a secondary alcohol standard.
(5) All instruments used for alcohol analysis shall be in good working order and routinely checked for accuracy and precision.
§ 1220.3. Quality Control Program.
(6) Until such time as the error has been corrected, as shown by return of the analysis of the quality control reference material to values within the acceptable limits, no samples shall be analyzed for the purpose of forensic alcohol analysis.
§ 1220.4. Expression of Analytical Results.
(a) With the exception of tissue analysis, all analytical results shall be expressed in terms of the alcohol concentration in blood, based on the number of grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.
(1) The symbols, grams %, %, and % (W/V), shall be regarded as acceptable abbreviations of the phrase, grams per 100 milliliters of liquid.
(b) Analytical results shall be reported to the second decimal place, deleting the digit in the third decimal place when it is present.
(c) Blood alcohol concentrations less than 0.01% in living subjects may be reported as negative.
(d) Blood alcohol concentrations less than 0.02% on post-mortem blood samples may be reported as negative.
(e) A urine alcohol concentration shall be converted to an equivalent blood alcohol concentration by a calculation based on the relationship: the amount of alcohol in 1.3 milliliters of blood is equivalent to the amount of alcohol in 1 milliliter of urine.
(f) A breath alcohol concentration shall be converted to an equivalent blood alcohol concentration by a calculation based on the relationship: the amount of alcohol in 2,100 milliliters of alveolar breath is equivalent to the amount of alcohol in 1 milliliter of blood.
(g) Tissue analysis results shall be expressed in terms of a weight amount of alcohol in a unit weight of the specimen.
Breath alcohol analysis shall be performed in accordance with standards set forth in this Article.
Note: Authority cited: Sections 102 and 208, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Section 436.50, Health and Safety Code.
(a) Breath alcohol analysis shall be performed only with instruments and related accessories which meet the standards of performance set forth in these regulations.
(b) Such instruments may be used for the analysis of breath samples in places other than licensed forensic alcohol laboratories and by persons other than forensic alcohol supervisors, forensic alcohol analysts and forensic alcohol analyst trainees only if such places and persons are under the direct jurisdiction of a governmental agency or licensed forensic alcohol laboratory.
(1) Breath alcohol analysis by persons other than forensic alcohol supervisors, forensic alcohol analysts and forensic alcohol analyst trainees shall be restricted to the immediate analysis of breath samples collected by direct expiration by the subject into the instrument in which the measurement of alcohol concentration is performed.
(2) Except for the requirements of Section 1220.4, such immediate analysis shall not be subject to the requirements of Article 6.
§ 1221.2. Standard of Performance.
(1) The instrument and any related accessories shall be capable of conforming to the "Model Specifications for Evidential Breath Testing Devices" of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation, which were published in the Federal Register, Vol. 49, No. 242, Pages 48854-48872, December 14, 1984, and are hereby adopted and incorporated.
(b) The ability of instruments and any related accessories to conform to the standard of performance set forth in this section shall be tested by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
(a) Only such types and models of instruments and related accessories as are named in the "Conforming Products List" published in the Federal Register by the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation shall be used for breath alcohol analysis in this State.
§ 1221.4. Standards of Procedure.
(1) For each person tested, breath alcohol analysis shall include analysis of 2 separate breath samples which result in determinations of blood alcohol concentrations which do not differ from each other by more than 0.02 grams per 100 milliliters.
(2) The accuracy of instruments shall be determined.
(A) Such determination of accuracy shall consist, at a minimum, of periodic analysis of a reference sample of known alcohol concentration within accuracy and precision limits of plus or minus 0.01 grams % of the true value; these limits shall be applied to alcohol concentrations from 0.10 to 0.30 grams %. The reference sample shall be provided by a forensic alcohol laboratory.
1. Such analysis shall be performed by an operator as defined in Section 1221.4 (a)(5), and the results shall be used by a forensic alcohol laboratory to determine if the instrument continues to meet the accuracy set forth in Section 1221.4 (a)(2)(A).
(B) For the purposes of such determinations of accuracy, "periodic" means either a period of time not exceeding 10 days or following the testing of every 150 subjects, whichever comes sooner.
(E) Written and/or practical examination.
(4) Training in the procedures of breath alcohol analysis shall be under the supervision of persons who qualify as forensic alcohol supervisors, forensic alcohol analysts or forensic alcohol analyst trainees in a licensed forensic alcohol laboratory.
(A) After approval as set forth in Section 1218, the forensic alcohol laboratory is responsible for the training and qualifying of its instructors.
(5) An operator shall be a forensic alcohol supervisor, forensic alcohol analyst, forensic alcohol analyst trainee or a person who has completed successfully the training described under Section 1221.4 (a) (3) and who may be called upon to operate a breath testing instrument in the performance of his duties.
(6) Records shall be kept for each instrument to show the frequency of determination of accuracy and the identity of the person performing the determination of accuracy.
(A) Records shall be kept for each instrument at a licensed forensic alcohol laboratory showing compliance with this Section.
§ 1221.5. Expression of Analytical Results.
Results of breath alcohol analysis shall be expressed as set forth in Section 1220.4.
Forensic alcohol laboratories and law enforcement agencies shall maintain records which clearly represent their activities which are covered by these regulations. Such records shall be available for inspection by the Department on request.
§ 1222.1. Forensic Alcohol Laboratory Records.
(7) Records of such training as a laboratory may provide to persons who operate breath testing instruments for law enforcement agencies.
§ 1222.2. Breath Alcohol Analysis Records.
(3) At the location of each instrument, the precautionary checklist to be used by operators of the instrument.

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