Source: http://web.uconn.edu/mcbstaff/graf/Fischeri.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 08:06:16+00:00

Document:
Symbionts and Host Influence Each Others Development.
When a juvenile squid hatches from the egg, it does not contain any symbionts (it is aposymbiotic).It needs to acquire the symbionts from the sea water before it can use its light organ. The light organ of such a hatchling has modifications that apparently aid the hatchling in obtaining the symbionts from the multitude of bacteria present in sea water. The most obvious modification are ciliated "arms" that circulate sea water over the pores of the empty light organ crypts (right picture, panel A shows one lobe of the bilobed juvenile light organ). Powered by their flagella (left picture, panel A), motile V. fischeri enter the pores of the light organ, move into the empty crypts and begin to grow rapidly. The presence of the symbionts influences the development of the host. The ciliated arms regress by apoptosis (right picture, panel B) and the bacteria are packed tightly in the crypts (picture below on the right, the arrow points at the symbionts inside the crypt that is lined by epithelial cells). Several hours after the bacteria have entered the light organ, the symbionts change; they loose their flagella, decrease in size and begin to emit light (left picture, panel B). Within a few weeks after the bacteria colonize the squid, the fully developed light organ is present. The light organ possess a silver-colored reflector tissue, a shutter mechanism (the black ink sack), a transparent lens that covers the light organ and a yellow filter that changes the color of the emitted light (shown below left). This allows the squid to control the amount of light that it emits.
The mutants that have been tested so far can be grouped into five different classes: (1) initiation mutants, these are mutants that cannot colonize the light organ to a detectable level; (2) accommodation mutants, these are mutants that can grow inside the light organ, but do not reach the same level of colonization as the wild type strain; (3) persistence mutants colonize as well as the wild type strain until after a certain time point they begin to decrease in number; (4) competition mutants, these mutants can colonize and persist just as well as the wild type strain when the mutant strain enters the light organ alone, but if the wild type strain is also present, the mutant is outcompeted by the wild type strain and does not reach its normal level of colonization; and (5) none, no defect in symbiotic association was detected using the standard conditions.
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