Source: http://research.omicsgroup.org/index.php/Civil_procedure
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 04:30:01+00:00

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Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, what kind of service of process (if any) is required, the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks must function.
In addition to varied procedures for criminal and civil cases, the federal and state systems of civil procedure are different. The federal courts use the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure while the state courts use their own laws of procedure promulgated by their own courts.
Some systems, including the English and French, allow governmental persons to bring a criminal prosecution against another person, prosecutions are nearly always started by the state, in order to punish the accused. Civil actions, on the other hand, are started by private individuals, companies or organizations, for their own benefit. In addition, governments (or their subdivisions or agencies) may also be parties to civil actions. The cases are usually in different courts, and juriescases. However this is distinguished from civil penal actions.
In jurisdictions based on English common-law systems, the party bringing a criminal charge (in most cases, the state) is called the "prosecution", but the party bringing most forms of civil action is the "plaintiff" or "claimant". In both kinds of action the other party is known as the "defendant". A criminal case against a person called Ms. Sanchez would be described as “The People v. (="versus", "against" or "and") Sanchez,” "The State (or Commonwealth) v. Sanchez" or "[The name of the State] v. Sanchez" in the United States and “R. (Regina, that is, the Queen) v. Sanchez” in England and Wales. But a civil action between Ms. Sanchez and a Mr. Smith would be “Sanchez v. Smith” if it were started by Sanchez, and “Smith v. Sanchez” if it were started by Mr. Smith (though the order of parties' names can change if the case is appealed).
Civil procedure is traditionally divided into inquisitorial and acquisitorial.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Richard Powell (1993). Law today. Harlow: Longman. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-582-05635-0. OCLC 30075861.
40x40px Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Civil Procedure.

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