Source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2011-title17/html/USCODE-2011-title17-chap1-sec101.htm
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 04:29:09+00:00

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A person's “children” are that person's immediate offspring, whether legitimate or not, and any children legally adopted by that person.
The author's “widow” or “widower” is the author's surviving spouse under the law of the author's domicile at the time of his or her death, whether or not the spouse has later remarried.
A “work of the United States Government” is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties.
Section 1011(d) of the Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act of 1999, referred to in definition of “work made for hire”, is section 1000(a)(9) [title I, §1011(d)] of Pub. L. 106–113, which amended par. (2) of that definition. See 1999 Amendment note below.
Section 2(a)(1) of the Work Made For Hire and Copyright Corrections Act of 2000, referred to in definition of “work made for hire”, is section 2(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106—379, which amended par. (2) of that definition. See 2000 Amendment note below.
Section 2 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, referred to in definitions of “WTO Agreement” and “WTO member country”, is classified to section 3501 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
2010—Pub. L. 111–295, §6(a)(3), transferred the definition of “food service or drinking establishment” to appear after the definition of “fixed”.
Pub. L. 111–295, §6(a)(2), transferred the definition of “motion picture exhibition facility” to appear after the definition of “Literary works”.
Pub. L. 111–295, §6(a)(1), which directed transfer of the definition of “Copyright Royalty Judges” to appear after the definition of “Copyright owner”, was executed by so transferring the definition of “Copyright Royalty Judge”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
2005—Pub. L. 109–9 inserted definition of “motion picture exhibition facility” after definition of “Motion pictures”.
2004—Pub. L. 108–419 inserted definition of “Copyright Royalty Judge” after definition of “Copies”.
2002—Pub. L. 107–273, §13210(5)(B), transferred definition of “Registration” to appear after definition of “publicly”.
Pub. L. 107–273, §13210(5)(A), transferred definition of “computer program” to appear after definition of “compilation”.
2000—Pub. L. 106–379, §2(a)(2), in definition of “work made for hire”, inserted after par. (2) provisions relating to considerations and interpretations to be used in determining whether any work is eligible to be considered a work made for hire under par. (2).
Pub. L. 106–379, §2(a)(1), in definition of “work made for hire”, struck out “as a sound recording,” after “motion picture or other audiovisual work,” in par. (2).
1999—Pub. L. 106–113, which directed the insertion of “as a sound recording,” after “audiovisual work” in par. (2) of definition relating to work made for hire, was executed by making the insertion after “audiovisual work,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 106–44, §1(g)(1)(B), in definition of “proprietor”, substituted “For purposes of section 513, a ‘proprietor’ ” for “A ‘proprietor’ ”.
Pub. L. 106–44, §1(g)(1)(A), transferred definition of “United States work” to appear after definition of “United States”.
1998—Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(1), struck out definition of “Berne Convention work”.
Pub. L. 105–298, §205(1), inserted definitions of “establishment” and “food service or drinking establishment”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(3), inserted definition of “Geneva Phonograms Convention”.
Pub. L. 105–298, §205(2), inserted definition of “gross square feet of space”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(4), inserted definition of “international agreement”.
Pub. L. 105–298, §205(3), (4), inserted definitions of “performing rights society” and “proprietor”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(5), inserted definition of term “treaty party”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(6), inserted definition of term “WIPO Copyright Treaty”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(7), inserted definition of term “WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty”.
Pub. L. 105–304, §102(a)(8), inserted definitions of terms “WTO Agreement” and “WTO member country”.
1997—Pub. L. 105–147 inserted definition of “financial gain”.
Pub. L. 105–80, in definition of to perform or to display a work “publicly”, substituted “process” for “processs” in par. (2).
1995—Pub. L. 104–39 inserted definition of “digital transmission”.
1992—Pub. L. 102–563 substituted “Except as otherwise provided in this title, as used” for “As used” in introductory provisions.
Pub. L. 102–307 inserted definition of “registration”.
1990—Pub. L. 101–650, §702(a), inserted definition of “architectural work”.
Pub. L. 101–650, §702(b), in definition of “Berne Convention work” added par. (5).
Pub. L. 101–650, §602, inserted definition of “work of visual art”.
1988—Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(1)(B), inserted definitions of “The Berne Convention” and “Berne Convention work”.
Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(1)(C), inserted definition of “country of origin”.
Pub. L. 100–568, §4(a)(1)(A), in definition of “Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works” substituted “diagrams, models, and technical drawings, including architectural plans” for “technical drawings, diagrams, and models”.
1980—Pub. L. 96–517 inserted definition of “computer program”.
“(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this title [see section 101 of Pub. L. 105–304, set out as a Short Title of 1998 Amendments note below], this title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1998].
“(A) Paragraph (5) of the definition of ‘international agreement’ contained in section 101 of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(a)(4) of this Act.
“(B) The amendment made by section 102(a)(6) of this Act [amending this section].
“(C) Subparagraph (C) of section 104A(h)(1) of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(c)(1) of this Act.
“(D) Subparagraph (C) of section 104A(h)(3) of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(c)(2) of this Act.
“(A) Paragraph (6) of the definition of ‘international agreement’ contained in section 101 of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(a)(4) of this Act.
“(B) The amendment made by section 102(a)(7) of this Act [amending this section].
“(C) The amendment made by section 102(b)(2) of this Act [amending section 104 of this title].
“(D) Subparagraph (D) of section 104A(h)(1) of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(c)(1) of this Act.
“(E) Subparagraph (D) of section 104A(h)(3) of title 17, United States Code, as amended by section 102(c)(2) of this Act.
“(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), this section [amending this section and sections 304, 408, 409, and 708 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 304 of this title] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [June 26, 1992].
“(2) The amendments made by this section shall apply only to those copyrights secured between January 1, 1964, and December 31, 1977. Copyrights secured before January 1, 1964, shall be governed by the provisions of section 304(a) of title 17, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the effective date of this section [June 26, 1992], except each reference to forty-seven years in such provisions shall be deemed to be 67 years.
Pub. L. 94–553, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2541, which enacted this title and section 170 of Title 2, The Congress, amended section 131 of Title 2, section 290e of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 2318 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 543 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1498 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, sections 3202 and 3206 of Title 39, Postal Service, and sections 505 and 2117 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and enacted provisions set out as notes preceding this section and under sections 104, 115, 304, 401, 407, 410, and 501 of this title, is popularly known as the “Copyright Act of 1976”.
“(1) The Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, signed at Berne, Switzerland, on September 9, 1886, and all acts, protocols, and revisions thereto (hereafter in this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note above] referred to as the ‘Berne Convention’) are not self-executing under the Constitution and laws of the United States.
“(2) The obligations of the United States under the Berne Convention may be performed only pursuant to appropriate domestic law.
“(2) shall not be enforceable in any action brought pursuant to the provisions of the Berne Convention itself.

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