Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN1574582B/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 16:54:59+00:00

Document:
A soft-switched boost converter includes an active snubber to provide soft switching of all semiconductor components. Specifically, the current ('turn-off current') in the rectifier is switched off ata controlled rate, the main switch is closed under zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition, and the auxiliary switch in the active snubber is opened under zero-current switching (ZCS) condition. As aresult, switching losses are reduced with beneficial effects on conversion efficiency and EMC performance.
 本发明涉及一种DC/DC和AC/DC功率变换器。  The present invention relates to a DC / DC and AC / DC power converter. 更具体地说，本发明涉及一种在其所有半导体元件中都有软切换的DC/DC和AC/DC功率变换器。 More particularly, the present invention relates to a semiconductor element are all soft handover DC / DC and AC / DC power converter.
 升压变换器的拓扑结构被广泛地应用于各种AC/DC和DC/DC变换器应用中。 Topology  The boost converter is widely applied in various AC DC and DC / DC converter applications / in. 事实上，升压技术现在大多数用在具有功率因数补偿（PFC)的DC/DC电源的前端。 In fact, most of the technology is now used in a boost DC having a power factor correction (PFC) is / DC power supply front end. 升压拓扑结构还用在使用电池供电的低输入电压来产生高输出电压的多种应用中。 Boost topology also used in battery-powered low input voltage to produce a variety of high output voltage applications. 在较高的功率电平上，连续传导模式（CCM)升压变换器是具有PFC的前端的优选拓扑结构。 At higher power levels, continuous conduction mode (CCM) boost converter topology preferably having a PFC front end. 因此，近年来，为了改善高功率升压变换器的性能而进行了大量努力。 Therefore, in recent years, in order to improve the performance of high power boost converter and a great deal of effort. 这些开发工作集中在：减小影响升压整流器的变换效率和电磁兼容性（EMC)的不利的反向恢复（reverse-recovery)特性方面。 These development efforts have focused on: conversion efficiency and reduce the effects of the boost rectifier's electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) unfavorable reverse recovery (reverse-recovery) characteristics.  —般说来，与反向恢复相关的损耗和EMC问题可以通过以一个受控的断开电流率(controlled turn-off current rate)对升压变换器进行"软"切换来达到最小。  - Generally speaking, the loss associated with reverse recovery and EMC problems can be minimized by disconnecting the current of a controlled (controlled turn-off current rate) of the boost converter "soft" handover . 已提出许多软切换升压变换器，它们使用额外的元件构成一个缓冲电路（无源的或有源的）来控制升压整流器中断开电流的变化率。 Many have been proposed soft-switching boost converter, they use additional elements constituting the buffer circuit (passive or active) to control the rate of current change in the boost rectifier is disconnected. 在无源缓冲电路中，只使用无源元件如电阻、电容器、电感器和整流器。 In a passive snubber circuit using only passive components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and rectifiers. 在有源缓冲电路（s皿bber circuit)中，除了无源元件，还使用一个或多个有源开关。 In the active snubber circuit (s dish bber circuit) in addition to passive components, one or more further active switch. 尽管无源无耗缓冲器可以提高效率，但它的性能使它不适合用于高性能的PFC电路应用中。 Although passive lossless snubber can improve efficiency, but its properties make it unsuitable for high performance applications of the PFC circuit. 一般说来，无源无耗缓冲电路受增加的元件数量的影响，并且它很难与升压开关的软切换一起工作，这对需要高切换频率的高密度应用是不利的。 Generally, passive lossless snubber circuit affected by an increased number of components, and it is difficult to work with soft handoff boost switch, for high density applications which require a high switching frequency is disadvantageous.
 某些有源缓冲器可以同时减小反向恢复损耗，并提供升压开关软切换。  Certain active buffer may simultaneously be reduced reverse recovery losses and providing the boost switch soft handoff. 但是，这些有源缓冲器中的大多数提供了升压整流器中的软关断、升压开关中的零电压切换（ZVS)和有源缓冲开关中的"硬"切换。 However, most of these active buffers provide soft switching in the boost rectifier, a boost switch in a zero voltage switching (ZVS) and the active switch buffer "hard" handover. 实现了所有半导体元件的软切换（如，升压整流器中的软关断、升压开关中的ZVS和有源缓冲开关中的零电流切换（ZCS))的有源缓冲器是所期望的。 Implementing the soft handover of all the semiconductor elements (e.g., the boost rectifier soft switching, the boost switch and the ZVS active snubber switches zero current switching (the ZCS)) The active snubber is desirable.
打开。 turn on. 结果，切换损耗被减小了，并且对变换效率和EMC性能都有有利影响。 As a result, the switching loss is reduced, and they have a favorable impact on conversion efficiency and EMC performance.
中转向有源缓冲区，从而使得第一开关在一个零电压状态下关闭，并且使得第二开关在一个零电流状态下打开，其中，所述有源缓冲器包括耦合于所述第二开关的变压器，配置该变压器以使得实现所述功率变换器的所有半导体设备的软切换。 The active steering buffer, so that the first switch is turned off at the next zero voltage state, and such that the second switch is opened at a zero current state, wherein the active buffer comprises a switch coupled to said second transformers, transformer configured such that all soft handoff implementing the semiconductor devices of the power converter.
 本发明还提供了一种用于在具有一个输入端子和一个输出端子的功率变换器中进行功率调节的方法，该输入端子耦合至一个电源，该方法包括：提供一个耦合于输入端的存储电感器；耦合第一开关以对存储电感器进行充电和放电；提供一个包括第二开关的有源缓冲器，所述有源缓冲器耦合于参考电压，其中参考电压在第一和第二开关的切换周期期间是恒定的；将一整流器耦合至存储电感器、有源缓冲器和输出端子，以将能量从存储电感器转移到输出端子；在切换周期期间控制第一和第二开关的工作，使得第二开关关闭以弓I起整流器中的电流从整流器转向有源缓冲区，从而使得第一开关在一个零电压状态下关闭，并且使得第二开关在一个零电流状态下打开，其中，所述有源缓冲器包括耦合于所述第二开关的变压器，并配置该变压器以使得实现  The present invention further provides a method for having one input terminal and a method of adjusting the output power of the power converter terminal, the input terminal coupled to a power source, the method comprising: providing a terminal coupled to the input storage inductor; a first switch coupled to the storage inductor to charge and discharge; providing an active buffer including a second switch, the active buffer is coupled to the reference voltage, wherein the first and second reference voltages the switch switching cycle period is constant; and a rectifier coupled to the storage inductor, the active buffer and an output terminal, to transfer energy from the storage inductor to the output terminal; a first control and the second switch during the switching period work, such that the second switch is turned off at the current rectifier bow I plays an active steering buffer from the rectifier, so that the first switch is turned off at the next zero voltage state, and such that the second switch is opened at a zero current state, wherein , the active buffer comprises a transformer coupled to the second switch, and configured so as to achieve the transformers 述功率变换器的所有半导体设备的软切换。 Soft handover of all of the semiconductor devices of said power converter.
 在一个实施例中，根据本发明的一个电路可以包括：具有一个两线圈变压器的有源缓冲器、辅助开关、阻塞二极管、和用于复位变压器磁能的电压钳位电路（voltage-clampcircuit)。  In one embodiment, a circuit according to the present invention may comprise: a buffer having two active coil of a transformer, an auxiliary switch, blocking diode, and a voltage clamping circuit (voltage-clampcircuit transformer for resetting the magnetic energy ). 根据本发明的另一个实施例，该有源缓冲电路包括一个三线圈变压器，该三线圈变压器除了提供所有半导体设备的软切换外，还生成一个独立的辅助电源。 According to another embodiment of the present invention, the active snubber circuit comprises a three-coil transformer, the three-winding transformer provides all soft switching of the semiconductor device, but also to generate a separate auxiliary power supply.  在一个实施例中，功率变换器包括：耦合于功率变换器的输入端的存储电感器；用于对存储电感器进行充电和放电的第一开关；包括第二开关的有源缓冲器；可操作地耦合于存储电感器、有源缓冲器、和输出端子以将能量从存储电感器转移到输出端子的整流器；和控制电路。  In one embodiment, the power converter comprising: a power converter coupled to the input of the storage inductor; storage inductor for charging and discharging a first switch; a second switch comprises an active buffer ; operably coupled to the storage inductor, the active buffer, and an output terminal to transfer energy from the storage inductor to the output terminal of the rectifier; and a control circuit. 该控制电路通过一个切换周期来控制第一和第二开关，使得第二开关关闭以引起整流器中的电流从整流器中转向有源缓冲器，以便第一开关在一个实质上的零电压条件下关闭，并且依次使得第二开关在一个实质上的零电流条件下打开。 The control circuit controls the first and second switch via a switching cycle, such that the second switch is turned off to cause current rectifier active steering buffer from the rectifier, so that the first switch is closed in a substantially zero voltage condition , and in turn such that the second switch is open at a substantially zero current condition. 有源缓冲器可以作为功率变换器中的任何稳定DC电压，如输出端的电压、输入端的电压、存储电感器的一个端子的电压、或者电源的负轨道（negative rail)。 The active buffer may be any stable DC voltage as a power converter, such as the negative rail voltage of the output terminal, the input voltage, the voltage of one terminal of the storage inductor, or the power supply (negative rail).
 在一个实施例中，有源缓冲器包括一个电压钳位电路，该电压钳位电路包括一个变压器、一个电容器和一个电阻。  In one embodiment, the active buffer comprises a voltage clamping circuit, the voltage clamping circuit comprises a transformer, a capacitor and a resistor. 变压器的初级线圈和次级线圈的匝数比值可以小于0.5。 It turns ratio of the transformer primary and secondary coils may be less than 0.5. 其中变压器的漏电感太小而不能在整流器中提供期望的断开电流，可以在存储电感器和电压钳位电路之间耦合一个预定电感值的外部缓冲电感器。 Wherein the leakage inductance of the transformer is too small to provide the desired off-current in the rectifier, inductor may be coupled to external buffer a predetermined inductance value between the storage inductor and a voltage clamping circuit. 有源缓冲器还可以由一个或多个独立的电源，各个电源可以独立于输出端电压而被调节。 The active buffer further by one or more independent power supply, each power supply may be independent of the output voltage is regulated.
 本发明适用于大量变换器结构，如升压变换器（boost converter)、正向变换器、降压变换器（buck converter)或降压/升压变换器结构。 Invention is applicable  present in a large number of transducer structures, such as a boost converter (boost converter), a forward converter, a buck converter (buck converter), or buck / boost converter configuration. 另外，本发明既适用于DC又适用于AC电源。 Further, the present invention is applicable to both DC and AC input power. 在一个实施例中，在本发明用于AC电源的功率变换的情况下，第一开关和整流器作为全波整流器的一部分。 In one embodiment, the present invention in the case where the AC power source for a power conversion, and a first rectifier switches as part of a full-wave rectifier. 本发明还适用于单相和三相电源。 The present invention is also applicable to single-phase and three-phase power.  根据下面的详细描述和附图可以更好地理解本发明。  The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description and drawings.
 图1显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的软切换升压电路100。  Figure 1 shows the booster circuit 100 a soft handover according to an embodiment of the present invention.  图2显示了图1的软切换升压电路100的简化电路模型200。  FIG. 2 shows a simplified circuit model 200 of soft switching boosting circuit 100 of FIG.  图3(a)-3(k)是在一个切换周期期间图2的电路模型200的拓扑阶段。  FIG. 3 (a) -3 (k) is a period in a switching cycle in FIG. 2 circuit model topology stage 200.  图4(a)-4(k)显示了在图3(a)-(k)的切换周期期间电路模型200的主要波形。  FIG. 4 (a) -4 (k) shown in FIG. 3 (a) - during the main circuit model waveform (k) of the switching cycle 200.  图5显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有分离的或外部缓冲电感器501的软切换升压变换器500。  FIG. 5 shows the external buffer having separate inductors embodiment or embodiments of soft handoff boost converter 500 in accordance with the present invention, a 501.
 图6显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有连接于负轨道的电压钳位电路602的软切换升压变换器600。  Figure 6 shows a soft-switching boost voltage clamping circuit connected to the negative rail of the inverter 602 according to one embodiment of the present invention 600.
 图7显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有连接于输入源的电位钳位电路702的软切换升压变换器700。  Figure 7 shows the soft switching boost converter 702 having a clamp circuit connected to the input voltage source in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention 700.
 图8显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有连接于变压器的初级线圈的电压钳位电路802的软切换升压变换器800。  FIG. 8 shows the voltage clamp circuit 802 having a primary coil connected to a transformer in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention a soft switching boost converter 800.
[0021 ] 图9显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有电压钳位电路902的软切换升压变换器900。  Figure 9 shows the soft switching boost converter 900,902 having the voltage clamping circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
 图10显示了提供一个集成的辅助的独立电源的软切换升压变换器1000。  Figure 10 shows a soft switching boost converter provides an integrated auxiliary power supply independent of 1000.
压变换器1000的输出电压和辅助电源中的电压VAUX。 Voltage converter output voltage and the VAUX voltage of the auxiliary power source 1000.
 图12显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的集成有全波整流器的单相AC/DC升压变换器1200。  FIG. 12 shows one embodiment of the present invention integrated with a single-phase AC full-wave rectifier / DC boost converter 1200.
 图13显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的集成有全波整流器的单相AC/DC升压变换器1300。  FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of an integrated single-phase full-wave rectifier of the AC / DC boost converter 1300 according to the present invention.
 图14显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的集成有全波整流器的单相AC/DC升压变换器1400。  FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of an integrated single-phase full-wave rectifier of the AC / DC boost converter 1400 according to the present invention.
 图15显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有DC轨道二极管（DC-raildiode) 110的三相AC/DC升压变换器1500。  FIG. 15 shows a three-phase diode 110 having a track DC (DC-raildiode) according to one embodiment of the present invention, an AC / DC boost converter 1500.
 图16显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的对于每一相具有独立的升压整流器的三相AC/DC升压变换器1600。  Figure 16 shows the present invention in accordance with a three-phase AC for each phase boost rectifier having separate embodiments / DC boost converter 1600.
 图17显示了根据本发明的具有辅助电源输出的三相AC/DC升压变换器1700。  FIG. 17 shows the boost converter 1700 according to three-phase AC power supply having an auxiliary output of the present invention / DC.  图18显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括有源缓冲电路1807的降压变换器1800。  FIG. 18 shows an active snubber circuit comprises a buck converter according to one embodiment of the present invention, 1807 1800.
 图19显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括有源缓冲电路1907的降压/升压变换器1900。  Figure 19 shows 1907 buck / boost converter 1900, according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises an active snubber circuit.
 图20显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括有源缓冲电路2007的正向变换器2000。  FIG. 20 shows an active snubber circuit comprises a forward converter 20002007 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
 图21显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括有源缓冲电路2107的回扫变换器(flyback converter)2100。  Figure 21 shows an embodiment in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention comprises an active snubber circuit 2107 flyback converter (flyback converter) 2100.
 图22显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的包括有源缓冲电路2207的双电感器升压变换器2200。  Figure 22 shows a dual boost converter inductor 2200 includes an active snubber circuit 2207 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
 图23显示了提供具有辅助开关Saux的集成辅助独立电源的软切换升压变换器1000。  Figure 23 shows the boost converter 1000 to provide soft handoff with integrated auxiliary switch Saux separate auxiliary power supply. 它还从概念上显示了电路2300的双环控制，该双环控制可以调整升压变换器1000的输出电压和辅助电源中的电压Vaux。 It also shows the control circuit 2300 bicyclic Conceptually, the control may adjust the voltage Vaux bicyclic boost converter output voltage and the auxiliary power source in 1000.
 为了方便在附图中的参考，图中相同的对象被分配了相同的参考数字。  For ease of reference in the drawings, the same drawing objects are assigned the same reference numerals.
 图1显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的软切换升压电路100。  Figure 1 shows the booster circuit 100 a soft handover according to an embodiment of the present invention. 软切换升压电路100 包括：提供输入电压V^的电压源101、升压电感器102(电感值L》、升压开关103、升压整流器104、储能电容器105 (电容值C》、负载106 (电阻值RJ和由辅助开关108、变压器109、 阻塞二极管110组成的有源缓冲电路107以及由电阻lll(电阻值Rc)、钳位电容器112(电容值Cc)和二极管113组成的钳位电路115。为了方便解释软切换升压电路100中的电1 路运行，图2提供了软切换升压电路100的具有电压和电流参考指示方向的简化电路模型200。 Soft handover booster circuit 100 comprises: the input voltage V ^ voltage source 101, boost inductor 102 (inductance value L ", the boost switch 103, a boost rectifier 104, a storage capacitor 105 (capacitance value C", the load 106 (RJ and the resistance value of the active buffer circuit 107 by the auxiliary switch 108, the transformer 109, blocking diode 110 and a clamp consisting of a resistor LLL (resistance value Rc), 112 (capacitance value of the clamp capacitor Cc) and a diode 113 consisting of 115. for convenience of explanation circuit 100 in soft handover operation the booster circuit electrical path 1, FIG. 2 provides a simplified circuit model 200 having the reference voltage and a current pointing direction of the booster circuit 100 in soft handoff.
体开关元件表现零阻抗（即它们是短路电路）。 The switching element exhibits zero impedance body (i.e., they are short circuit). 但是，开关的输出和结电容以及相关整流器的反向恢复充电值以非零值来模拟。 However, the output of the switch and the associated junction capacitance and reverse recovery of the rectifier to charge value to simulate non-zero value.
 图3(a)-(k)是在一个开关周期内图2的电流模型200的各个拓扑阶段。  FIG. 3 (a) - (k) within a switching cycle of the current model of FIG various stages of the topology 200 2. 电路模型200的主波形如图4(a)-(k)所示。 Main waveforms of the circuit model 200 in FIG. 4 (a) - (k) shown in FIG. 图4(a)-(k)中绘出的电流和电压的参考方向在图2 中有注释。 FIG. 4 (a) - the current and voltage reference direction (k), annotated depicted in FIG. 图4(a)和4(b)分别显示了提供给升压开关103和辅助开关108的驱动信号S工和S的波形401和402。 FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show the boost switch 103 and supplied to the auxiliary switch drive signal S 108 and the work 401 and 402 of waveform S. 根据本发明，软切换升压电路100在驱动信号S工和S交叠的情况下工作。 According to the present invention, the soft switching boosting circuit 100 operates in the case where the driving signal S and S overlap workers. 例如，如图4(a)和4(b)所示，在开关103的信号S在时刻T3和L之间导通之前， 辅助开关108的驱动信号S工在时刻T。 For example, FIG. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the signal S before switch 103 is turned on between time T3 and L, the auxiliary switch drive signal S 108 workers at the time T. 导通（即，驱动信号S工处于一个关闭辅助开关108的电压）。 Conduction (i.e., the drive voltage signal S at a station off of the auxiliary switch 108). 但是，在升压开关103的信号S切断之前，开关108的信号S工是切断的（S卩，驱动信号Sl处于一个打开辅助开关108的电压）。 However, before the boost switch off the signal S 103, the switch 108 is cut off work signal S (S Jie, a drive voltage signal Sl is open the auxiliary switch 108).
....M ..,，、.. .... M .. ,,, ..
 使用理想变压器205中初级和次级电流之间的关系（即，N山=N2i2)，以及考虑阻塞二极管113反向偏置（g卩，开路）。  The relationship between the primary and the secondary current transformer using over 205 (i.e., N mountain = N2i2), and considering a reverse bias blocking diode 113 (g Jie, open).
=—(1-"/。 = - (1 - "/.
器，改变的断开升压整流器电流率4^可以保持在100A/i! s附近。 Disconnect the boost rectifier current rate, a change may be maintained at 4 ^ 100A / i! Nearby s.
并且IKK(PK)为升压整流器104中的残留反向恢复电流。 And IKK (PK) of boost rectifier 104 residual reverse recovery current.
 结果，辅助开关108中的电流isl (波形406，图4 (f))也线性减小，而升压开关103 的电流is(波形407，图4(g))从负峰值线性增加。  As a result, current isl auxiliary switch 108 (waveform 406, FIG. 4 (f)) decreases linearly, and the boost switch current is 103 (waveform 407, FIG. 4 (g)) linearly increases from a negative peak . 为了达到升压开关103的ZVS，升压开关103在它的电流（即，电流。在时刻T4变成正值之前（即，当电流is开始流过升压开关103的反并联二极管303时）关闭。 In order to achieve the ZVS boost switch, the boost switch 103 in its current 103 (i.e., current becomes positive at time T4 prior to (i.e., when the current begins to flow through the boost switch is anti-parallel diode 103, 303) shut down.
 当电流is在时刻T4变成正值之后，升压开关电流is继续流过关闭的升压开关103，如图3(e)和4(g)所示。  When current is becomes positive at time T4, is the boost switch current continues to flow through the boost switch 103 is closed, as shown in FIG. 3 (e) and 4 (g). 在时刻T4和T5之间，漏电感器中的电流^继续朝着零线性减小，而升压开关103中的电流is继续以同样的速率线性增加。 Between time T4 and T5, the leakage current in the inductor decreases linearly ^ continue toward zero, and the boost switch 103 is in the current continues to increase linearly at the same rate. 当电流t在时刻T5变成零时，升压开关电流is达到1„，使得在时刻T5和T6之间，全部输入电流^流过升压开关103，如图3(f)的拓扑阶段所示。同时，由信号S控制的辅助开关108只传送磁化电感器204中的磁化电流。如果变压器109的磁化电感值被做得很大，磁化电感器204中的磁化电流iM(波形408，图4(h))可以达到最小（即，电流iM可以比输入电流IIN小许多），使得在时刻T6辅助开关108可以在虚拟零电流的情况打开。 T at time T5 when the current becomes zero, the boost switch current is reached 1 ", so that between times T5 and T6, all of the input current flowing through the boost switch ^ 103, 3 (f) of FIG phase topology shown. At the same time, the control signal S from the auxiliary switch 108 transmits magnetizing inductor magnetizing current 204. If the value of the magnetizing inductance of the transformer 109 is made large, the magnetization magnetizing current iM of the inductor 204 (waveform 408, FIG. 4 (h)) can be minimized (i.e., current iM can be many) smaller than the input current IIN, T6 so that the auxiliary switch 108 can be opened in the virtual zero current at the time.
 % = -^"， （闪 直到磁化电流iM在时刻T8变成零。 % = - ^ "(flash  until the magnetizing current iM becomes zero at time T8.
并联二极管中的传导，在辅助开关108在时刻Te打开后（S卩，稍后于开关108中的电沒达到零），辅助开关108的电压^(即，电压波形403，图4(c))并不立刻增加。 Conducting diodes connected in parallel, the auxiliary switch 108 is opened after time Te (S Jie, in electrical switch 108 does not reach zero later), the voltage of the auxiliary switch 108 ^ (i.e., voltage waveform 403, FIG. 4 (c) ) does not increase immediately. 结果，在一个短延迟之后——即，在流过辅助开关108的反并联二极管的电流151共振回零之后，发生了辅助开关108上的电压vsl的增加。 As a result, after a short delay - i.e. later in the current flowing through the auxiliary switch 151 anti-parallel diode 108 back to zero resonance, increase the voltage on the secondary vsl switch 108 has occurred. 这个延迟对电路100的工作或性能没有大的影响。 This delay is not a large impact on the performance of circuit 100 or the work. 但是，如果泄漏电感器203中的电流^小于磁化电流iM，则在时刻T6之后马上发生辅助开关108上的电压vsl (波形403，图4 (C))的增加。 However, if the current in the inductor 203 is less than the magnetizing current iM of leakage ^, the voltage on the auxiliary switch 108 vsl occurs immediately after the time T6 (waveform 403, FIG. 4 (C)) increased.
 总之，本发明的电路100允许所有半导体器件的软切换。  In summary, the inventive circuit 100 allows all of the soft switching of the semiconductor device. 特别是，升压开关103在ZVS状态下关闭，辅助开关108在ZCS状态下打开，并且升压二极管104的电流ID以一个可控速率断开。 In particular, ZVS boost switch 103 in closed state, the auxiliary switch 108 is opened in ZCS state, and the boost diode current ID 104 is disconnected at a controlled rate. 结果，升压开关103的导通切换损耗、辅助开关108的断开切换损耗和与升压整流器104的反向恢复相关损耗被消除了，因此最小化了全部切换损耗并最大化了变换效率。 As a result, the boost switch 103 is turned on switching losses, the auxiliary switch 108 OFF switching losses and boost rectifier 104 and the reverse recovery associated losses are eliminated, thus minimizing the switching losses, and all the conversion efficiency is maximized. 另外，软切换提供了对电磁干扰（EMI)有益的影响，其中电磁干扰可能导致需要较小的输入滤波器尺寸。 Further, the effects of soft handover provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) benefit, wherein the electromagnetic interference may cause an input filter of smaller size.
 因为升压开关103中的ZVS、 MOSFET(金属氧化半导体场效应晶体管）器件、或MOSFET器件的并联组合，可以实现电路100的升压开关103。  Since the ZVS boost switch 103, MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) device, or a parallel combination of a MOSFET device, the boost switch 103 may be implemented circuit 100. 类似地，由于辅助开关108 的ZCS， IGBT(绝缘栅极双极晶体管）或者MOSFET可以在没有性能损失的情况下实现辅助开关108。 Similarly, since the auxiliary ZCS switch 108, the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or MOSFET auxiliary switch 108 may be implemented without performance losses. 事实上，假如一个断开缓冲电容器连在IGBT上以减小由IGBT的电流尾随效应(current-tail effect)引起的断开损耗，IGBT升压开关还可以实现升压开关103。 In fact, if a buffer capacitor connected in the disconnect IGBT to reduce the effect of the trailing-off loss of the IGBT by a current (current-tail effect) caused, IGBT boost switch further boost switch 103 may be implemented. 在这样一种实现中，升压开关103应该在ZVS的情况下关闭，而使得缓冲电容器不产生导通切换损耗。 In such an implementation, the boost switch 103 should be turned off in the case of ZVS, so that the buffer capacitor conduction switching loss is not generated. 同样，在这样一种实现中，IGBT最好被配备一个共封装反并联二极管，或一个外部二极管。 Also, in such an implementation, the IGBT is preferably a co-packaged with anti-parallel diode, or an external diode.
 可以通过最大化磁化电感器204中的电感值LM，使电压值Vc达到最小，从而钳位电路中的功率损耗（即，钳位电阻器111中的功率损耗）也达到最小。  can be a value obtained by maximizing the magnetizing inductance of the inductor 204 LM, the voltage Vc reaches a minimum value, so that the power loss in the clamping circuit (i.e., resistor 111 clamp the power loss) is also minimized. 典型情况下，升压对于一个恰当设计的变压器，钳位电路损耗与输出功率相比是可以忽略的，从而实际上不影响变换效率。 Typically, for a proper design of the boosting transformer, the output power loss and the clamp circuit is negligible compared to, in effect does not affect the conversion efficiency.
 根据公式（19)，为了使泄漏电感器203的电感值1^达到最小，可以增加变压器109的匝数比n。  The equation (19), in order to make the value of the leakage inductance of the inductor 203 1 ^ minimum, the transformer 109 can increase the ratio of the number of turns n. 因为n皿为O. 5，变压器109的匝数比不能远小于0. 5。 Because the dish n is O. 5, the turns ratio of the transformer 109 is not much smaller than 0.5. 处于0. 3_0. 5的范围之内的n值是合适的。 n value is within the range of 0.5 3_0. The 5 are suitable. 如果V。 If V. 为400V，n为0. 5，并且diD/dt为100A/ ys，则漏电感值L^为2iiH。 Of 400V, n is 0.5, and diD / dt is 100A / ys, the leakage inductance values ​​L ^ is 2iiH. 如果变压器要达到的漏电感值1^太大，则可以使用一个外部缓冲电感器501 来调整所期望的电路阻抗值，如图5的电路500所示。 Be achieved if the transformer leakage inductance values ​​1 ^ is too large, it is possible to use an external buffer inductor 501 circuit to adjust a desired resistance value, the circuit 5005 shown in FIG. 图5中的电路500的工作本质上与图1的电路100的工作相同。 On the working nature of the circuit 500 of FIG. 5 is the same as the operation of the circuit 100 of FIG.
 根据本发明，用于复位变压器的磁化电感器（例如，磁化电感器204)的有源缓冲器中的电压钳位电路（例如，电压钳位电路107)可以通过多种方法来实现。  According to the present invention, a reset of the transformer magnetizing inductance (e.g., magnetic inductors 204) in the active buffer voltage clamping circuit (e.g., voltage clamping circuit 107) may be achieved by various methods . 例如，电压钳位电路可以被连接于电路中的任何DC电压。 For example, a voltage clamping circuit may be connected to the circuit any DC voltage. 在图1和5中，电压钳位电路107和502都被连接于变换器的输出端。 In FIGS. 1 and 5, the voltage clamping circuit 107 and the inverter 502 are connected to the output terminal. 图6和7分别显示了具有连接于负轨道和输入源的电压钳位电路602和702的电路600和700。 Figures 6 and 7 show the rail and connected to the negative input of the voltage source circuit 602 and clamping circuit 702 having 600 and 700. 另外，电压钳位电路还可以适配于变压器109的初级线圈， 如图8所示。 Further, the voltage clamping circuit may also be adapted to the primary winding of the transformer 109, as shown in FIG. 图9显示了根据本发明的另一个实施例的具有电压钳位电路902的电路900。 Figure 9 shows a circuit 900 having a voltage clamping circuit 902 according to another embodiment of the present invention. 钳位电路的许多其它改变也是可能的。 Many other changes clamp circuit is also possible.
 其中RAUX是辅助输出的负载。  wherein RAUX auxiliary load output.
 由于受控升压变换器的输出电压V。  Since the output voltage of the boost converter controlled V. 是恒定的，在辅助开关108的占空比D^恒定的情况下，缓冲器1002中的辅助电压VAUX只有在负载变化（即，负载阻抗RAUX改变）的情况下才变化。 Is constant, with the aid of the switching duty ratio D 108 ^ is constant, the auxiliary voltage VAUX buffer 1002, only changes in the load (i.e., load impedance changes RAUX) only in the case of changes. 对于变化的辅助负载RAUX，辅助电压VAUX可以通过适当调节占空比DS1来保持恒定。 The change in auxiliary loads RAUX, auxiliary voltage VAUX can be kept constant by appropriately adjusting the duty cycle DS1. 例如，图11从概念上显示了具有对图10的电路1000的辅助输出电压V皿进行闭环控制的电路1100。 For example, FIG. 11 shows a circuit 1100 having a closed loop control of the output voltage V of the auxiliary boat circuit 1000 of FIG. 10 conceptually. 当然，占空比D^的许多其它闭环调节也是可能的。 Of course, the duty ratio D ^ many other closed-loop regulation are possible. 在图ll中提供了两种独立的反馈控制环。 It provides two independent feedback control loop in the FIG. Ll. 特别是，通过调节升压开关103的占空比D来控制输出电压V。 In particular, by adjusting the duty cycle D 103 boost switch to control the output voltage V. ，而通过调节辅助开关108的占空比DS1来控制辅助输出电压VAUX。 , While the auxiliary output voltage VAUX is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of DS1 108 of the auxiliary switch. 为了维护升压开关103和辅助开关108的驱动信号S和S工的正确定时（即，为了确保驱动信号S工比驱动信号S早一个预定时间间隔有效），驱动信号S工的上升沿由控制器1117从调节输出电压V。 In order to maintain correct timing of the boost switch 103 and auxiliary switch drive signals S and S of the work 108 (i.e., to ensure that the drive signal S work earlier than the driving signal S a predetermined valid time interval) the rising edge of the drive signal from the control station S from the regulated output voltage 1117 V. 的控制环中生成。 Generating a control loop. 驱动信号Sl的断开由控制辅助输出电压VAUX的环路来控制，它生成下降沿信号。 OFF drive signal Sl is controlled by controlling the auxiliary voltage VAUX output loop, it generates a falling edge signal.  具有集成独立电源的软切换升压变换器还可以提供多个输出。  The independent power supply having an integrated soft handover may also be provided a plurality of boost converter output. 另外，根据本发明的有源缓冲器可以在单相和三相AC/DC应用中用于升压变换器，例如单相和三相功率因数修正电路。 Further, according to the active buffer to the present invention can be used in a single phase boost converter and the three-phase AC / DC applications, such as single phase and three phase power factor correction circuit. 图12显示了根据本发明的一个实施例，集成了全波整流器的单相AC/DC升压变换器1200。 12 shows an embodiment of the present invention, incorporates a single phase AC full-wave rectifier / DC boost converter 1200. 在图12的电路中，在正半周期内，升压开关103a和升压整流器104a分别以上述图1的电路IOO的升压开关103和升压整流器104的方式工作，结合图3(a)-3(k)和4(a)-4(k)。 In the positive half cycle, the boost switch 103a and 104a are operated at a boost rectifier circuit embodiment of FIG. 1 IOO the boost switch 103 and boost rectifier circuit 104 in FIG. 12, in conjunction with FIG. 3 (a) -3 (k), and 4 (a) -4 (k). 类似地，在负半周期内，升压开关103b和升压整流器104b以上述图1的电路100的升压开关103和升压整流器104的方式工作。 Similarly, in the negative half cycle, the boost switch 103b and 104b operate in boost rectifier boosting mode switching circuit 100 of Fig. 1 103 104 and boost rectifier. 因为它的整流器结构比跟随一个升压电源级的全波桥式整流器的传统结构少一个整流器，AC/DC升压整流器1200与传统结构相比减小了传导损耗。 Because it is followed by a boost rectifier structure than a conventional full wave bridge rectifier configuration of at least one power stage converter, AC / DC boost converter 1200 is reduced as compared with the conventional structure conduction losses. 在图12中，有源缓冲器1207包括变压器109的初级端的整流器110a 和110b， AC/DC升压变换器1200具有升压开关103a和103b以及升压整流器104a和104b， 其中的升压开关103a和103b以及升压整流器104a和104b作为不同时工作的两个升压开关_升压整流器对工作。 In Figure 12, the active buffer 1207 includes a primary side of the transformer 109 and rectifier 110a 110b, AC / DC boost converter 1200 having 103a and 103b and the boost switch boost rectifier 104a and 104b, in which the boost switch 103a 103b and 104a and 104b and the boost rectifier as a boost rectifier _ two boost switch does not work while the work. 在AC/DC升压变换器1200中，整流器110a和110b连接于变压器109的相同初级线圈，如图12所示。 In the AC / DC boost converter 1200, the rectifier 110a and 110b are connected to the same primary winding of the transformer 109, as shown in Fig. AD/DC升压变换器1200的许多其它变化都是可能的， 如图13和图14的AC/DC升压变换器1300和1400。 AD / DC boost converter 1200. Many other variations are possible, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 an AC / DC boost converter 1300 and 1400. 在图13和图14的AC/DC升压变换器1300和1400中，整流器104a和104b分别被开关103c和103d代替，以进一步减小传导损耗。 AC in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 / DC boost converter 1300 and 1400, the rectifier 104a and 104b 103c and 103d are replaced by switches, to further reduce conduction losses. 另外，图14的AD/DC升压变换器集成了一个具有主变换器的辅助电源。 In addition, AD / DC boost converter 14 having an integrated auxiliary power of the main converter.  图15-17示出了根据本发明的三相AC/DC升压变换器1500、 1600和1700。  Figures 15-17 illustrate the present invention in accordance with a three-phase AC / DC boost converters 1500, 1600 and 1700. 图15显示了具有DC轨道整流器104的三相AC/DC升压变换器1500。 Figure 15 shows a three-phase AC / DC converter 1500 having a DC boost rectifier 104 tracks. 图16和17分别显示了没有DC轨道二极管和有集成辅助电源输出（电压VAUX)的三相AC/DC升压变换器1600和1700。 16 and 17 show the track without a DC auxiliary power diodes and integrated output (the VAUX voltage) three-phase AC / DC boost converter 1600 and 1700. 在三相AC/DC升压变换器1600和1700中，二极管110a、110b和110c连接于有源缓冲变压器（即，变压器109或1009)的初级端，以分别实现ZVS和使三对升压开关和升压整流器的反向恢复电荷最小。 At the end of the three-phase primary AC / DC boost converter 1600 and 1700, diodes 110a, 110b and 110c of the transformer is connected to the active buffer (i.e., a transformer 109, or 1009) in order to respectively achieve ZVS boost switch and that the three pairs and the reverse recovery charge of boost rectifier minimum.
 本发明的有源缓冲器可以用于任何独立的或非独立的DC/DC变换器、或任何单相或三相AC/DC变换器。 The active buffer  The present invention may be used for any independent or dependent DC / DC converter, or any single or three phase AC / DC converter. 例如，图18和19分别显示了每个都具有一个有源缓冲器的降压变换器1800和反向-升压变换器(buck-boostco読rter) 1900。 For example, FIGS. 18 and 19 show the active buffer each having a buck converter 1800 and the reverse - boost converter (buck-boostco Du rter) 1900. 图20、21和22分别显示了根据本发明的每个都具有一个有源缓冲器的正向变换器2000、回扫变换器2100和双电感器升压变换器2200。 20, 21 and 22 respectively show the present invention according to each of the forward converter has one active buffer 2000, the flyback converter 2100 and 2200 dual inductor boost converter.
 图23显示了软切换升压变换器23，它与图10的软切换升压变换器不同，它提供了一个具有辅助开关2308的集成辅助独立电源，开关2308由双环控制电路2301提供的控制信号SAUX所控制。  Figure 23 shows the soft switching boost converter 23, that soft handover boost converter of FIG. 10 is different, which provides a separate auxiliary power integrated auxiliary switch having 2308 switch 2308 by the control circuit 2301 provides bicyclic the control signal for controlling SAUX. 控制电路2301提供了两个独立的反馈控制环来调节输出电压V。 The control circuit 2301 provides two independent feedback control loop to regulate the output voltage V. 和辅助电源的电压V皿。 And auxiliary power supply voltage V dish. 在图23中，输出电压V。 In Figure 23, the output voltage V. 由升压开关103的受控占空比D来调节，辅助输出电压V皿通过控制辅助开关2308的占空比来调节。 The boost switch is regulated by the controlled duty ratio D 103, the auxiliary output voltage V dish adjusted by controlling the duty cycle of the auxiliary switch 2308.  上面提供的详细描述是为了解释本发明的特定实施例，但其目的并不是限制本发明的范围。  The above detailed description is provided to explain certain embodiments of the present invention, but not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 本发明的大量修改和变化都是可能的。 Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. 本发明由下列权利要求提出。 The present invention is proposed by the following claims.
一种具有一个输入端子和一个输出端子的功率变换器，该输入端子连接至一个电源，该功率变换器包括：耦合于输入端子的存储电感器；用于对存储电感器进行充电和放电的第一开关；包括第二开关的有源缓冲器，耦合于参考电压，其中参考电压在第一和第二开关的切换周期期间是恒定的；整流器，耦合于存储电感器、有源缓冲器和输出端子，以将能量从存储电感器转移到输出端子；控制电路，提供在切换周期期间控制第一和第二开关的工作的控制信号，使得第二开关关闭以引起整流器中的电流从整流器中转向有源缓冲区，从而使得第一开关在一个零电压状态下关闭，并且使得第二开关在一个零电流状态下打开，其中，所述有源缓冲器包括耦合于所述第二开关的变压器，配置该变压器以使得实现所述功率变换器的所有半导体设备的软切换。 Having one input terminal and one output terminal of the power converter, the input terminal is connected to a power source, the power converter comprising: a storage inductor coupled to the input terminal; a second storage inductor for charging and discharging a switch; active snubber comprises a second switch coupled to the reference voltage, wherein the reference voltage is constant during the switching period of the first and second switches; a rectifier, coupled to the storage inductor, and an output buffer active terminal, to transfer energy from the storage inductor to the output terminal; and a control circuit providing a control signal during a switching period control of the first and second switches work, so that the second switch is turned off to cause current from the rectifier in turn rectifier the active buffer, so that the first switch is turned off at the next zero voltage state, and such that the second switch is opened at a zero current state, wherein the active buffer comprises a transformer coupled to the second switch, the transformer configured such that all of the semiconductor devices of the power converter achieved a soft handover.
2. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中参考电压由输出端子的电压提供。 2. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage provided by the voltage output terminal.
3. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中参考电压由输入端子的电压提供。 3. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is provided by the input voltage terminal.
4. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中参考电压由存储电感器的一个端子提供。 4. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is provided by a terminal of the storage inductor.
5. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中参考电压由电源的负轨道提供。 5. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is provided by the negative power supply rail.
6. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中功率变换器被配置为一个升压变换器。 6. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power converter is configured as a boost converter.
7. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中功率变换器被配置为一个正向变换器。 7. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power converter is configured as a forward converter.
8. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中功率变换器被配置为一个降压变换器。 8. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power converter is configured as a buck converter.
9. 如权利要求l所述的功率变换器，其中功率变换器被配置为一个降压/升压变换器。 9. The power converter according to claim l, wherein the power converter is configured as a buck / boost converter.
10. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中功率变换器被配置为一个双电感器升压变换器。 10. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power converter is configured as a dual inductor boost converter.
11. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中有源缓冲器包括一个电压钳位电路。 11. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the active buffer comprises a voltage clamping circuit.
12. 如权利要求11所述的功率变换器，还包括一个耦合在存储电感器和电压钳位电路之间的缓冲电感器。 12. The power converter of claim 11, further comprising a memory coupled between the inductor and the voltage clamping circuit inductor buffer.
13. 如权利要求11所述的功率变换器，其中电压钳位电路包括： 二极管，其一端耦合到所述第二开关和所述变压器； 电容器，耦合到所述变压器和所述二极管的另一端；禾口电阻，与所述电容器并联。 13. The power converter according to claim 11, wherein the voltage clamping circuit comprises: a diode having one end coupled to the second switch and the transformer; a capacitor coupled to the other end of the transformer and the diode ; Wo mouth resistor in parallel with the capacitor.
14. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中变压器的初级线圈和次级线圈的匝数比小于0. 5。 14. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer turns ratio less than 0.5.
15. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中变压器具有一个确定整流器中的电流变化率的泄漏电容。 15. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the transformer has a leakage capacitance to determine the rate of change of current in the rectifier.
16. 如权利要求15所述的功率变换器，其中整流器中的电流变化率是恒定的。 16. The power converter according to claim 15, wherein the rate of change of rectifier current is constant.
17. 如权利要求11所述的功率变换器，其中有源缓冲器包括一个独立电源。 17. The power converter according to claim 11, wherein the active buffer comprises a separate power supply.
18. 如权利要求17所述的功率变换器，其中控制电路将独立电源的输出电压作为输入接收，从而与输出端子上的电压相独立地调节独立电源的输出电压。 18. The power converter according to claim 17, wherein the output voltage of the control circuit receiving as input a separate power source, thereby regulating the output voltage independently of the power supply independent of the voltage on the output terminal.
19. 如权利要求18所述的功率变换器，还包括一个耦合在变压器的线圈和电源的负轨道之间的辅助开关。 19. The power converter according to claim 18, further comprising an auxiliary switch coupled between the negative rail in a coil and power transformer.
20. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中第一开关包括一个绝缘栅双极晶体管，并且有源缓冲器连接在绝缘栅双极晶体管上。 20. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the first switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the active buffer is connected to the insulated gate bipolar transistor.
21. 如权利要求20所述的功率变换器，其中在绝缘栅双极晶体管上提供了一个反并联二极管。 21. The power converter according to claim 20, wherein an anti-parallel diode provided on the insulated gate bipolar transistor.
22. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中第二开关包括一个绝缘栅双极晶体管。 22. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the second switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
23. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中电源包括一个AC电源。 23. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power source comprises an AC power source.
24. 如权利要求23所述的功率变换器，其中第一开关和整流器是全波整流器的一部分。 24. The power converter according to claim 23, wherein the first switch and the rectifier are part of the full-wave rectifier.
25. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中电源提供了一个单相电压。 25. A power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power source provides a single-phase voltage.
26. 如权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其中电源提供了一个三相电压。 26. A power converter according to claim 1, wherein the power supply provides a three-phase voltage.
27. —种用于在具有一个输入端子和一个输出端子的功率变换器中进行功率调节的方法，该输入端子耦合至一个电源，该方法包括：提供一个耦合于输入端的存储电感器； 耦合第一开关以对存储电感器进行充电和放电；提供一个包括第二开关的有源缓冲器，所述有源缓冲器耦合于参考电压，其中参考电压在第一和第二开关的切换周期期间是恒定的；将一整流器耦合至存储电感器、有源缓冲器和输出端子，以将能量从存储电感器转移到输出端子；在切换周期期间控制第一和第二开关的工作，使得第二开关关闭以引起整流器中的电流从整流器转向有源缓冲区，从而使得第一开关在一个零电压状态下关闭，并且使得第二开关在一个零电流状态下打开，其中，所述有源缓冲器包括耦合于所述第二开关的变压器，并配置该变压器以使得实现所述功率变换器的 27. - power regulation method for a power converter having an input terminal and an output terminal of the input terminal is coupled to a power source, the method comprising: providing a memory coupled to the input terminal of the inductor; Coupling a memory switch to charge and discharge the inductor; active snubber comprises a second switch, the active buffer is coupled to the reference voltage, wherein the reference voltage during the switching period of the first and second switches are constant; and a rectifier coupled to the storage inductor, the active buffer and an output terminal, to transfer energy from the storage inductor to the output terminal; control operation during the switching period of the first and second switches, such that the second switch Close to cause a shift in the current active buffer rectifier from the rectifier, so that the first switch is turned off at the next zero voltage state, and such that the second switch is opened at a zero current state, wherein the active buffer comprises second switch coupled to the transformer, the transformer and configured to implement the power converter such that 有半导体设备的软切换。 Soft switching of the semiconductor device.
28. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括将输出端子的电压提供为参考电压。 28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising a voltage output terminal provides a reference voltage.
29. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括将输入端子的电压提供为参考电压。 29. The method according to claim 27, further comprising providing an input voltage terminal a reference voltage.
30. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括将存储电感器的一个端子的电压提供为参考电压。 30. The method as claimed in claim 27, further comprising a voltage of a terminal of the storage inductor is provided as a reference voltage.
31. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括将电源的负轨道上的电压提供为参考电压。 31. The method of claim 27, further comprising a voltage on the negative power supply rail is provided as a reference voltage.
32. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括将功率变换器配置为一个升压变换器。 32. The method of claim 27, further comprising a configuration of the power converter is a boost converter.
33. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将功率变换器配置为一个正向变换器。 33. The method according to claim 27, wherein the power converter is configured as a forward converter.
34. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将功率变换器配置为一个降压变换器。 34. The method according to claim 27, wherein the power converter configured as a buck converter.
35. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将功率变换器配置为一个降压/升压变换器。 35. The method according to claim 27, wherein a configuration of the power converter is a buck / boost converter.
36. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中将功率变换器配置为一个双电感器升压变换器。 36. The method according to claim 27, wherein the configuration of the power converter to a double inductor boost converter.
37. 如权利要求27所述的方法，还包括在有源缓冲器提供一个电压钳位电路。 37. The method of claim 27, further comprising a voltage clamping circuit in the active buffer.
38. 如权利要求36所述的方法，还包括一个耦合在存储电感器和电压钳位电路之间的缓冲电感器。 38. The method of claim 36, further comprising a buffer coupled between the storage inductor and the voltage clamping circuit inductor.
39. 如权利要求36所述的方法，还包括在电压钳位电路中提供一个二极管、一个电容器、一个电阻，其中所述二极管的一端耦合在所述第二开关和所述变压器之间，所述电容器连接在所述变压器和所述二极管的另一端之间，并且所述电阻与所述电容器并联。 39. The method according to claim 36, further comprising providing a diode voltage clamp circuit, a capacitor, a resistor, wherein one end of said diode is coupled between the second switch and the transformer, the said capacitor is connected between the transformer and the other end of the diode and the resistor in parallel with the capacitor.
40. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中变压器的初级线圈和次级线圈的匝数比小于0. 5。 40. The method according to claim 27, wherein the primary and secondary coils of the transformer turns ratio less than 0.5.
41. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中变压器具有一个确定整流器中的电流变化率的泄漏电容。 41. The method according to claim 27, wherein the transformer has a leakage capacitance to determine the rate of change of current in the rectifier.
42. 如权利要求41所述的方法，其中整流器中的电流变化率是恒定的。 42. The method according to claim 41, wherein the rate of change of rectifier current is constant.
43. 如权利要求36所述的方法，还包括在有源缓冲器提供一个独立电源。 43. The method according to claim 36, further comprising providing a separate power source in the active buffer.
44. 如权利要求43所述的方法，其中所述控制包括将独立电源的输出电压作为输入接收，从而与输出端子上的电压相独立地调节独立电源的输出电压。 44. The method according to claim 43, wherein said control comprises independent power supply output voltage is received as an input to independently regulate the output voltage independent of power supply voltage on the output terminal.
45. 如权利要求44所述的方法，还包括一个耦合在变压器的线圈和电源的负轨道之间的辅助开关。 45. The method according to claim 44, further comprising an auxiliary switch coupled between the negative rail in a coil and power transformer.
46. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中第一开关包括一个绝缘栅双极晶体管，并且有源缓冲器连接在绝缘栅双极晶体管上。 46. ​​The method according to claim 27, wherein the first switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the active buffer is connected to the insulated gate bipolar transistor.
47. 如权利要求46所述的方法，其中在绝缘栅双极晶体管上提供了一个反并联二极管。 47. A method according to claim 46, wherein an anti-parallel diode provided on the insulated gate bipolar transistor.
48. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中第二开关包括一个绝缘栅双极晶体管。 48. The method according to claim 27, wherein the second switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
49. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其中电源包括一个AC电源。 49. The method according to claim 27, wherein the power source comprises an AC power source.
50. 如权利要求49所述的方法，其中第一开关和整流器是全波整流器的一部分。 50. The method according to claim 49, wherein the first switch and the rectifier are part of the full-wave rectifier.
51. 如权利要求49所述的方法，其中电源提供了一个单相电压。 51. The method according to claim 49, wherein the power source provides a single-phase voltage.
52. 如权利要求49所述的方法，其中电源提供了一个三相电压。 52. The method according to claim 49, wherein the power supply provides a three-phase voltage.
FR2671922B1 (en) * 1991-01-22 1994-02-11 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Method to reduce switching losses created by a power switch.

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