Source: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/obsessivecompulsive-disorder-tics-and-anxiety-in-6yearold-twins/418EFFA5B9A28FF6D142AAC49D23FE95
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 22:51:01+00:00

Document:
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Background. Previous reports of genetic influences on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms have suggested moderate heritability. Family history studies of co-morbidity have found familial aggregation with tics, especially for early-onset OCD, and familial aggregation with anxiety disorders.
Method. Heritability of OCD and familial aggregation of OCD, tics and anxiety disorders were investigated in a community sample of 6-year-old twins using a two-phase design in which 4662 twin pairs were sampled and 854 pairs were assessed in the second phase by maternal-informant diagnostic interview using DSM-IV criteria.
Results. In the multivariate model combined additive genetic and common environmental effects were estimated as 47% for sub-threshold OCD, and the model was unable to distinguish these sources of familial aggregation. There were strong familial aggregations between sub-threshold OCD and tics and between sub-threshold OCD and other anxiety disorders (80% and 97% respectively), although again specific sources could not be distinguished.
Conclusions. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis of a tic-related early-onset OCD phenotype, but also with the hypothesis of an anxiety-related early-onset OCD phenotype.
Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry PO Box 77, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. (Email: d.bolton@iop.kcl.ac.uk).

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