Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-7-9330
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 10:22:05+00:00

Document:
Based on the theories of quantum weak measurement, we built a set of linear common-path optical weak measurement systems in frequency domain for detecting chiral molecules. The polarization resolution with this system to detect the optical rotation of chirality molecules is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional polarizers. Combined with ultraviolet spectroscopy, the purity of the proline enantiomers mixture was detected. The purity resolution can reach to 0.14%, which is comparable to the liquid chromatography. Weak measurement combined with ultraviolet spectroscopy to non-separatedly detect the purity of chiral enantiomers has great application potential in the pharmaceutical industry.
A. N. L. Batista, F. M. Dos Santos, J. M. Batista, and Q. B. Cass, “Enantiomeric Mixtures in Natural Product Chemistry: Separation and Absolute Configuration Assignment,” Molecules 23(2), 1–18 (2018).
L. Zhang, G. Wang, C. Xiong, L. Zheng, J. He, Y. Ding, H. Lu, G. Zhang, K. Cho, and L. Qiu, “Chirality detection of amino acid enantiomers by organic electrochemical transistor,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 105, 121–128 (2018).
Y. Zhao, A. N. Askarpour, L. Sun, J. Shi, X. Li, and A. Alù, “Chirality detection of enantiomers using twisted optical metamaterials,” Nat. Commun. 8, 14180 (2017).
V. Dochez and G. Ducarme, “Primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy,” Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 291(2), 259–263 (2015).
P. Singh, S. K. Kumar, V. K. Maurya, B. K. Mehta, H. Ahmad, A. K. Dwivedi, V. Chaturvedi, T. S. Thakur, and S. Sinha, “S-Enantiomer of the Antitubercular Compound S006-830 Complements Activity of Frontline TB Drugs and Targets Biogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Envelope,” ACS Omega 2(11), 8453–8465 (2017).
S. di Somma, V. Liguori, M. Petitto, P. Galletti, and O. de Divitiis, “The hemodynamic effect of etozolin in the treatment of hypertension,” Curr. Ther. Res. Clin. Exp. 48, 1044–1052 (1990).
L. Ma, X. Zhao, H. Liu, H. Zhu, W. Yang, Y. Qian, J. Wang, M. Feng, and Y. Li, “Antidepression medication improves quality of life in elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and depression,” Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 8(3), 4031–4037 (2015).
P. S. Bonato and F. O. Paias, “Enantioselective Analysis of Omeprazole in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis,” J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 15(2), 318–323 (2004).
F. Kirsch and A. Buettner, “Characterisation of the metabolites of 1,8-cineole transferred into human milk: concentrations and ratio of enantiomers,” Metabolites 3(1), 47–71 (2013).
K. Huang, F. Jiao, S. Liu, X. Li, and D. Huang, “Enantioselective extration of ketoprofen enantiomers using ester alcohol R,R-DI-Tartarates or S,S-DI-Tartarates as chiral selector,” Lat. Am. Appl. Res. 36, 187–191 (2006).
Y. Shi, C. Zheng, J. Li, L. Yang, Z. Wang, and R. Wang, “Separation and Quantification of Four Main Chiral Glucosinolates in Radix Isatidis and Its Granules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector Coupled with Circular Dichroism Detection,” Molecules 23(6), E1305 (2018).
A. Petruczynik and M. Waksmundzka-Hajnos, “Analysis of basic psychotropic drugs in biological fluids and tissues by reversed- phase high performance liquid chromatography,” Acta Pol. Pharm. 74(2), 331–346 (2017).
B. Ranjbar and P. Gill, “Circular dichroism techniques: biomolecular and nanostructural analyses- a review,” Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 74(2), 101–120 (2009).
W. Liu, F. Ding, and Y. Sun, “Characterization of Phenosafranine–Hemoglobin Interactions in Aqueous Solution,” J. Solution Chem. 40(2), 231–246 (2011).
I. Dolamic, B. Varnholt, and T. Bürgi, “Chirality transfer from gold nanocluster to adsorbate evidenced by vibrational circular dichroism,” Nat. Commun. 6, 7117 (2015).
J. Labuta, S. Ishihara, T. Šikorský, Z. Futera, A. Shundo, L. Hanyková, J. V. Burda, K. Ariga, and J. P. Hill, “NMR spectroscopic detection of chirality and enantiopurity in referenced systems without formation of diastereomers,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2188 (2013).
L. H. Ayman, N. Naumovski, A. M. William, and G. Ashraf, “Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals,” Biologics Chem. Nanomaterials 7(186), 1–32 (2017).
J. S. Lundeen and C. Bamber, “Procedure for Direct Measurement of General Quantum States Using Weak Measurement,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(7), 070402 (2012).
L. Vaidman, “Evolution stopped in its tracks,” Nature 451(7175), 137–138 (2008).
L. A. Rozema, A. Darabi, D. H. Mahler, A. Hayat, Y. Soudagar, and A. M. Steinberg, “Violation of Heisenberg’s measurement-disturbance relationship by weak measurements,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(10), 100404 (2012).
A. N. Korotkov and D. V. Averin, “Continuous weak measurement of quantum coherent oscillations,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 64(16), 165310 (2001).
N. W. Ritchie, J. G. Story, and R. G. Hulet, “Realization of a measurement of a “weak value”,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 66(9), 1107–1110 (1991).
G. J. Pryde, J. L. O’Brien, A. G. White, T. C. Ralph, and H. M. Wiseman, “Measurement of quantum weak values of photon polarization,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(22), 220405 (2005).
R. Jozsa, “Complex weak values in quantum measurement,” Quant. Phys. 76(044103), 1–5 (2007).
L. J. Salazar-Serrano, A. Valencia, and J. P. Torres, “Observation of spectral interference for any path difference in an interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 39(15), 4478–4481 (2014).
L. Dongmei, G. Tian, H. Yonghong, H. Qinghua, Z. Yilong, W. Xiangnan, S. Zhiyuan, Y. Yuxuan, Q. Zhen, and J. Yanhong, “A differential weak measurement system based on Sagnac interferometer for self-referencing biomolecule detection,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 49LT01 (2017).
D. Li, T. Guan, J. Jiang, and Y. He, “Nondisturbing transverse acoustic sensor based on weak measurement in Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Opt. Eng. 56(3), 034107 (2017).
D. Li, Q. He, Y. He, M. Xin, Y. Zhang, and Z. Shen, “Molecular imprinting sensor based on quantum weak measurement,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 94, 328–334 (2017).
D. Li, Z. Shen, Y. He, Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, and H. Ma, “Application of quantum weak measurement for glucose concentration detection,” Appl. Opt. 55(7), 1697–1702 (2016).
D. Li, T. Guan, F. Liu, A. Yang, Y. He, Q. He, Z. Shen, and M. Xin, “Optical rotation based chirality detection of enantiomers via weak measurement in frequency domain,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 112(21), 213701 (2018).
I. M. Duck, P. M. Stevenson, and E. C. Sudarshan, “The sense in which a “weak measurement” of a spin-(1/2 particle’s spin component yields a value 100,” Phys. Rev. D Part. Fields 40(6), 2112–2117 (1989).
D. Li, T. Guan, Y. He, F. Liu, A. Yang, Q. He, Z. Shen, and M. Xin, “A chiral sensor based on weak measurement for the determination of Proline enantiomers in diverse measuring circumstances,” Biosens. Bioelectron. 110, 103–109 (2018).
Y. Zhang, D. Li, Y. He, Z. Shen, and Q. He, “Optical weak measurement system with common path implementation for label-free biomolecule sensing,” Opt. Lett. 41(22), 5409–5412 (2016).
Y. Xu, L. Shi, T. Guan, C. Guo, D. Li, Y. Yang, X. Wang, L. Xie, Y. He, and W. Xie, “Optimization of a quantum weak measurement system with its working areas,” Opt. Express 26(16), 21119–21131 (2018).
V. Thomsen, D. Schatzlein, and D. Mercuro, “Limit of Detection in Spectroscopy,” Spectroscopy (Springf.) 18(12), 112–114 (2003).
Fig. 1 The experimental setup of chiral amino acid detection. SLD: Super-luminescent diode. QWP: quarter wave plate. P1: first linear polarizer. P2: second linear polarizer. SC: sample cuvette.
Fig. 2 The response curve of the central wavelength shift with the change ofαby the theoretical simulation (β=0.02π).
Fig. 3 (a) UV absorption intensity distribution of five groups Proline enantiomers mixture solutions. The left-to-right ratio of five groups of solutions from 1 to 5 are 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3 0:4 respectively, and each group contains four total concentration gradients: 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 4g/L. Figure 3(b) The response curve of the ultraviolet absorption intensity of group 5 (D-Proline) to the change of concentration.
Fig. 4 (a) The real time collection of central wavelength for the Proline enantiomers mixture, whose total concentration is 4g/L with different proportions. The ratios of Proline enantiomers solution from (1) to (5) are 0:4, 1:3, 2:2, 3:1 and 4:0 respectively. Figure 4(b) The real time collection of central wavelength for the corresponding Proline solution in Fig. 4(a) by smoothing and de-noising. Figure 4(c) The response of output spectra shape to the different enantiopurities of Proline solution. (1) to (5) in Fig. 4(c) corresponds to the solution of (1) to (5) in Fig. 4 (a), (6) in Fig. 4(c) is output spectra shape to the deionized water.
Fig. 5 The response curve of the center wavelength shift of Proline enantiomers solution corresponding to the concentration.
Fig. 6 Time stability measurement of system, data was collected with sample water within 10 seconds.
Fig. 7 The concentration of L-Proline detected by traditional polarimeter.
Fig. 8 The response curve of the center wavelength shifts of Proline enantiomers solution to ultraviolet absorption intensity of corresponding samples.
Fig. 9 The plot of enantiopurity varying with corresponding slope K. K comes from linear fitting in Fig. 8.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 

V.