Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/9666766/Order-Granting-Prelim-Injunction-AG-Design-v-Trainman-Lantern
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 02:34:54+00:00

Document:
This is a preliminary injunction order, since vacated, granting our motion to enjoin the defendant.
Medicis Pharmaceutical et. al. v. Stiefel Laboratories et. al.
Hsu v. Thorsen Tool Company Et. Al.
Phoenix Licensing et. al. v. Fidelity Investments et. al.
and attached as Ex. A to the Declaration of Allen Herrington.
G... 2001). will likely prove that the Accused Device infringes the patent at issue. specifications. 20 To demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits. 8 PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION STANDARD IN A PATENT LAWSUIT 9 “The grant or denial of a preliminary injunction under 35 U. Barnesandnoble. If the maker of the Accused Device “raises a substantial question 25 concerning either infringement or validity. and (4) the injunction’s favorable impact on the public 16 interest. a movant (here A. Id. 37 USPQ2d 1773... (3) 15 a balance of hardships tipping in its favor. Design) must 21 show that. 18 A movant cannot be granted a preliminary injunction without showing the first two elements: 19 likelihood of success on the merits and irreparable harm.Com. customer lists. i.G. 1775 (Fed.3d 11 1364. 5 Plaintiff further alleges that Defendants used this information for the unlawful purpose of developing 6 the M2K Trainman Lantern (the “Accused Device”). 23 Design’s infringement claim will likely withstand Defendants’ challenges to the validity and 24 enforceability of the patent. v. asserts an infringement or invalidity defense that the 26 ORDER . § 283 (1994) is within the 10 sound discretion of the district court.G. 1367.2 . Inc. including.” Amazon. Cir. and that (2) A. 1996).com.3d 1343. that (1) 22 A. The District Court must weigh and measure each factor against the 17 other factors and against the form and magnitude of the relief requested. Inc. Am. 4 purchase orders/contracts for its products. Design. Inc. Id. in light of the presumptions and burdens that will inhere at trial on the merits. which is a feature-by-feature copy of the 7 Patented Device and literally infringes on Plaintiff’s patent. v. Cir. books of account. Id. LLC. but 3 not limited to plans. 1350 (Fed. Genentech.Com. 77 F. 1 Plaintiff company. and vendor information. (2) irreparable harm if an injunction is not granted.C. inventory lists. Design & Associates. A.S.” Amazon. 239 F. id. Defendants deceptively accessed and copied 2 Plaintiff’s confidential information and trade secrets pertaining to the Patented Device. drawings. customer contact information. 13 “[The moving party] is entitled to a preliminary injunction if it can succeed in showing: (1) a 14 reasonable likelihood of success on the merits.G. Novo Nordisk of N.e. 12 Inc.
1715 (Fed.. Co. Cir. Westview Instruments.. Co.2d 577 (1966). 1141. 605. Cir. and then the properly construed claim is compared with the accused device to determine whether all of the claim limitations are present either literally or 13 by a substantial equivalent. 1124 (Fed.g. 608 (1950)). 112 F. 16 Id. infringement and validity analyses must 4 be performed on a claim-by-claim basis.’” Southwall at 1579.Ct. Smith.g.Ed.Com. .. J. e.. v. “Only if an accused product contains specific structure which meets all 24 limitations of an asserted claim directed to structure.” Markman v. at 1351. 20 “An accused product that does not literally infringe a claim. Cir. Cir. v.S. 52 F. aff’d.. Research Corp.3d 1137. 22 USPQ2d 1119.3d 1570. § 282 (1994)). 212 F. 7 Ifed. 996 n.. Co.C. 1995)(Mayer. 1384. 1592 (Fed.2d 936. 5 2000)(“Literal infringement requires the patentee to prove that the accused device contains each limitation of the asserted claim(s).. Linde Air Prods. at least equivalently. 1997). 134 L. See. to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the 8 merits. Therefore. Inc. exactly. 370.”(citations omitted)). 1575 19 (Fed. Ortho Pharm. 34 USPQ2d 331321.S. “A claim 14 must be construed before determining its validity just as it is first construed before deciding infringement. (citing Graver Tank & Mfg. Cardinal IG Co.S.. 1992)(concluding that all grounds of invalidity must be evaluated against individual 7 claims. whether performed at the preliminary injunction stage or at some later stage in the course of a particular case. every limitation set forth in a claim must be found in an 18 accused product. See.’ the preliminary injunction should not issue.” Southwall Technologies.. Elan Pharm. v. as required by the plain language of 35 U. 10 Amazon. may infringe under the doctrine 21 of equivalents if ‘it performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain 22 the same result. 517 U. Cir. 11 It is well settled that an infringement analysis involves two steps: the claim scope is 12 first determined. Inc.3 . 17 “To establish literal infringement. 339 23 U.. 116 S.. and that at least one of those same allegedly 9 infringed claims will also likely withstand the validity challenges presented by the accused infringer. concurring).3d 1241. 959 F. v. Inc. 6 Corp. 42 USPQ2d 1589.3d 967. in cases involving multiple patent claims. 942. Young Dental Mfg. Bayer AG v. 1344 n. e. 15 7. 1 patentee cannot prove ‘lacks substantial merit.Com. 54 USPQ2d 1711. 1995). 54 F. can that product infringe 25 26 ORDER .” 2 Amazon. Q3 Special Prods. 3 Of course. 1247. at 1350-51. the patentee must demonstrate that it will likely prove infringement of one or more claims of the patents-in-suit.
and various 22 printed publications raise substantial questions concerning both the validity and enforceability of 23 Patent 245.. at 1350. § 102 requires a finding 11 that every limitation is found in a single prior art reference. Durand-Wayland. 239 F. however. cannot literally infringe on the 25 Patented Device. is not a tool for 3 expanding the protection of a patent after examination has been completed.S. Cir.S. 12 Barnesandnoble.Com. v. 1090 (Fed. 829 F.. Inc. v.C. 2001).” Id.” A 10 determination that a claim is invalid due to lack of novelty under 35 U.” or (b) “described in a printed publication . 833 F. Inc.. 24 Defendants argue that the Accused Device. and (b) Plaintiff’s actions. Patent No.. § 102.. more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent. for patent expiration is not suspended during litigation. 1987)(en banc)).. 4 prosecution history estoppel limits the range of equivalents available to a patentee by preventing 5 recapture of subject matter surrendered during prosecution of the patent. 7 Under 35 U. Amazon.. their M2K lantern. (citing Pennwalt Corp. “The doctrine of equivalents. or in public use or on 9 sale in this country. 935 (Fed. Inc. 1987)). a person is not entitled to a patent if the invention was (a) “known or 8 used by others in this country . 7.com.118.2d 1086. 17 PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS AND ARGUMENT 18 Defendants’ Contentions and Argument 19 Defendants contend that Plaintiff cannot show a reasonable likelihood of success on the 20 merits because (a) it is unlikely that Plaintiff will be able to prove that Defendants’ device infringes 21 on U. Cir. public use. “Thus.3d 1343. 13 “Irreparable harm is presumed when a clear showing of patent validity and infringement has 14 been made.C. Patent 245.S. [citations omitted] ‘This presumption derives in part from the finite term of the patent 15 grant. v. and the passage of time can work 16 irremediable harm. Cir. HiTec Co.2d 2 931. because the limitation of “a plurality of ports” located in the reflector is 26 ORDER . 1350 (Fed.” Id. Southwall at 1579 (citing 6 Townsend Eng’g Co.245 B1 (“Patent 245").’” Id. 1 under the doctrine of equivalents.4 .
Y. See. v. Bard. Supp.. 2003 to 12 Florida East Coast Railway Co. Defendants argue that their M2K lantern 3 cannot infringe as an equivalent because it lacks any structure that may be interpreted as the 4 equivalent of the plurality of ports in the reflector wall as is required in the Patent 245 claims. 1 present in both the independent Claims 1 and 12. Plaintiff was 13 distributing and publishing marketing material detailing the “AG Design Titan III Trainman Lantern” 14 design. 7 Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s Patent 245 is invalid under 35 U. Thus. 23 As to irreparable harm. 2002)(citing C. Defendant has presented evidence that M2K does not infringe Patent 245. B) These public disclosures and published documents were available well 15 over a year prior to the filing date of Patent 245. as early as October 9. or in public use or on sale in this country . Defendants assert that their M2K does not contain 2 a plurality of ports formed in the reflector. Inc.N.” (Complaint ¶ 4. Affymetrix. that 26 ORDER .5 . § 102. 998)). 219 F. specifically. Defendants argue that Plaintiff cannot claim the benefit of the doctrine of equivalents to 6 now expand the reach of Patent 245 claims that were voluntarily given up during prosecution.D. PE Corporation. 1373 (Fed. § 102.. M3 Systems. had the patent examiner been aware of 16 Plaintiff’s public disclosures and published documents.S.R.” or (b) “described in a printed publication ..C. 2002. which provides 8 that a person is not entitled to a patent if the invention was (a) “known or used by others in this 9 country .. the patent examiner would have rejected 17 Plaintiff’s patent application as lacking novelty under 35 U.S. Inc. v.. e. Ex. 22 Cir.C.2d 21 390. 397 (S. Defendants argue that Plaintiff is not entitled to a presumption of 24 irreparable harm because substantial questions exist as to the validity and enforceability of Patent 25 245. (Mukai Decl. Inc.g. 5 Moreover. 18 Defendants also argue that Patent 245 is unenforceable for patent misuse. 10 more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent..” Defendant contends that while 11 Plaintiff states that “[t]he first sale of the Official Trainman Lantern was made on June 16.1).3d 1340. 157 F. which occurs when 19 the patent’s owner attempts to use it to exclude competitors from the marketplace knowing that the 20 patent is invalid or unenforceable. Additionally.
not the Patented Device. that even 23 accepting Defendants’ assertions regarding the timing of the disclosures. which were only made to 24 select customers.6 . concerning the allegation that 17 Plaintiff was publishing marketing material that advertised a plurality of ports in the reflector. based on erroneous 5 presumptions. Moreover. it may 11 obtain monetary damages if it later prevails. Defendants also argue that Plaintiff’s claims of 4 irreparable harm are inadequate not only because they are speculative. but Plaintiff failed 8 to bring suit until April 2007. Plaintiff claims to have been aware of 7 the Accused Device since approximately October 23. Moreover. and can be curable my monetary damages. 13 Defendants finally argue that the public interest would be adversely affected if an injunction 14 were to issue. a close 18 read of the materials bearing dates reveals no mention of a reflector with ports. 2006. 15 Plaintiff”s Contentions and Argument 16 Plaintiff argues that the asserted defenses lack merit. 21 that Defendant Mukai claims to have distributed from October 2002 to January 2003 were not even 22 proofed by Plaintiff’s marketing company until June 4. Plaintiff’s asserted damage – lost customers or sales – is not irreparable. 2006 [see Complaint ¶ 4. because the railroad companies would lose competitive choices for service. featuring a plurality of ports in the reflector. 2003. 9 Defendants argue that the balance of hardships tips in their favor as Plaintiff has failed to 10 show a likely infringement. Plaintiff asserts that the 20 marketing materials pertaining to the Patented Device. 1 Patent 245 is invalidated by prior art references. however. 2 Also.13]. but they are undermined by Plaintiff’s delay 6 in filing this case: Patent 245 was issued on October 10. these materials all 19 pertained to prototype lanterns. and Patent 245 is unenforceable for patent misuses. the patent is still valid under the period of experimentation doctrine. Plaintiff argues. First. rather it is simply lost 3 revenue that can be cured by money damages. if Plaintiff obtains injunctive relief. 12 Defendants’ entire business would be terminated. Defendants argue that if Plaintiff fails to obtain injunctive relief. which permits 25 such a period without triggering the public use bar if the earlier uses are for experimental and not 26 ORDER .
S. as the fact remains that setting the reflector ports issue aside. in virtually every other way. 828 F. Plaintiff contends that the Accused Device. marketing. 1 commercial purposes. This lost market share is not quantifiable in a monetary sense.. 126 (1877).7 . because this 9 argument “ignores the thrust of claim 1 of Patent 245. 97 U. see 3 also Baker Oil Tools. 26 ORDER . Geo Vann..2d 1558 (Fed. merely has a minor change – no ports included in 15 the reflector – and that the Accused Device is identical to the Patented Device. 4 Plaintiff argues that it has a substantial likelihood of prevailing under the doctrine of 5 equivalents. 19 20 As to irreparable harm. Plaintiff contends that it is in 24 peril of “losing its Class I customer base because of defendants’ introduction of the Accused Device 25 at an undercutting price. See City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co. Moreover. v. it does not achieve the same result as the Patented Device. Defendants 13 cannot evade the doctrine of equivalents as both devices work in the same way and achieve the same 14 result. Cir. as A.G. even under circumstances in which the invention may be observed by members 2 of the public. down to . the use of the LEDs to 18 reflect light off of the outside of the reflector laterally is still an infringement of claim 1 of patent 245. Defendants’ prosecution history argument misses 17 the mark. By lack of argument to the contrary.05 microns 16 in some dimensions. 7 Defendants cannot escape infringement by arguing that because the Accused Device does not contain 8 ports in the reflector.” Plaintiff asserts that both devices achieve the 10 exact same result: a secondary light source comprising a plurality of LEDs mounted at spaced 11 locations around the reflector and radiating light in a substantially radial pattern. Inc. Inc. and selling the Accused Device. Plaintiff argues that it has made a strong showing of likelihood of 21 success on the merits and is entitled to a presumption of irreparable harm. Plaintiff contends that Defendants concede that the 6 Accused Device is identical to the Patented Device in every way except for the ports in the reflector. 1987). Even though the 12 Accused Device does not have reflector ports to augment this secondary light source. Plaintiff 22 contends that its opportunity to increase its market share will be lost if Defendants are permitted to 23 continue manufacturing.
Design’s motion for injunctive relief should be granted 24 as requested for the reasons set forth in the analysis that follows. now concludes that Plaintiff A. much of which is not capable of direct 10 calculation. 11 As to the balance of hardships. and the Court having reviewed and considered the parties’ memoranda on 23 the motion. well-designed lantern. 1 Design will never be able to calculate what potential customers it lost as a result of defendants’ 2 activities. money. 18 19 DISCUSSION 20 A hearing having been held on Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction. Plaintiff argues that by 5 violating that contract.G. and that this 7 damage to reputation cannot be remedies by monetary damages alone. Plaintiff contends that Marcus Mukai is in breach of the Non-Compete provision of the 4 Non-Exclusive Sales Representative Agreement he signed on April 1. and the Court 21 having heard the witnesses and the parties’ arguments. and deflect sales and cause confusion in the marketplace 14 should Defendants be permitted to continue manufacturing and marketing the Accused Device. and any other jobsite where safety is imperative. 2003. 15 Plaintiff argues that the public interest involves the safety of railroad employees. Plaintiff contends that Defendants’ illegal copying of the Patented Device permitted 9 them to avoid the research and development expenses. and 13 market research will have been for naught. intellectual effort. and to permit a cheap knock-off product to enter that 17 environment. would create undue risk for the public. Design and disparaging its 6 reputation and good name in the process in an effort to push the Accused Device.8 . and evidence having been adduced by both 22 Plaintiff and Defendants.G. 8 Finally. 3 Next. Mukai is competing directly against A. Mr. 25 The testimony at the hearing. the Patent. Plaintiff argues that the evolution of the Patented Device from 12 1998 through various prototypes involving an investment of time. which 16 demands a high-quality. and the record in this case reveals that the lantern 26 ORDER .
1 used by trainmen prior to Plaintiff’s invention was insufficient for the trainmen’s purposes in signaling 2 and illumination: for example. Additionally. 15 set forth what is claimed by the patent. at Columns 9 and 10. In general terms. as well as Herrington’s 13 testimony. or to 3 see where to walk. Jorgensen Report. among 9 other things. President and Chief Executive Officer of A. Patent. prepared a report and testified in court that he 21 compared the Accused Device to the Patent Claims and found the Accused Device to be identical in 22 all respects (within + or. there is a central light source inside the 16 reflector. 1 “Background. (Herrington 4 testimony.D. explains how Herrington’s lantern solved the problem of producing a trainman’s lantern 14 with 360 degrees of bright. except that the Accused Device lacked the 23 “plurality of ports” in the reflector that would allow the central light to augment the lateral light. illuminating car numbers. Dr.”) The shortcomings of a previous 5 trainman’s lantern from Star Headlight and Lantern Company is detailed in the patent as well as in the 6 testimony and declaration of Allen Herrington. the “Official Trainman Lantern. in signaling engineers. Design. The Star lantern’s light shined forward but would shine from one 8 side only from an exposed. Ph. Jorgensen agreed that while the Accused Device did not “read on” the claims of the 26 ORDER .G. Herrington developed his Patented 11 Device. lateral illumination. 360 degrees lateral illumination with sufficient brightness that it is visible at extended 10 distances. and in other duties requiring that the trainmen can see and be seen. 7 who is also trained as an engineer.9 . and there is a least one secondary light source (LEDs) mounted externally to the reflector. Claims 1 and 12 of the Patent.” Dr. 17 the surface of which projects light in a generally lateral direction from the lantern. col.” 12 The “Summary of the Invention” at Column 2 of the Patent.. mechanical engineer. Seeing the need for a trainman’s lantern with. but protected bulb. 20 Jens Jorgensen. 24 Jorgensen found the augmentation of the lateral light through the ports to be “noticeable but not 25 significant. ports 18 in the reflector allow light from the bulb inside the reflector to augment the light from at least one 19 secondary source outside the reflector (the LEDs) by means of ports in the reflector. the work area. and which performs without excessive battery drain.005) to the Patented Device.
1 Patented Device as to the plurality of ports. functions to provide 360 degrees of lateral light. Defendants 14 argued that if infringement is found under the Doctrine of Equivalents. 20 Plaintiff A. Allen Herrington described how the railroad 23 industry. The Accused Device provides two sources of light: one source inside a reflector. Design has provided a strong case of likelihood of success on the merits. The Court agrees with Dr. and this lateral light is achieved in substantially the same way. as well as having 22 shown that the balance of hardships tips in its favor. Cardinal IG Co. 21 Plaintiff has also demonstrated irreparable harm if injunctive relief is not granted. the function of providing 360 degrees of bright. The Court 11 also agrees with Dr.3d 1570. and the Class Two.G. including the Star lantern listed as prior 16 art. 9 Cir. Jorgensen’s conclusion that the difference in the amount of lateral light was 12 noticeable but not significant. 54 F. See Southwall Technologies. and the Star lantern lacks this functionality. and the Accused Device infringes because it does the same thing as the 3 Patented Device. 1575 (Fed. Thus. because not every 5 limitation found in the Claims is found in the Accused Device exactly. 6 demonstrated infringement under the Doctrine of Equivalents because the Accused Device “performs 7 substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain the same result” as the 8 Patented Device. is revising and consolidating the manner in which it 24 purchases commodities by forming a “Rail Marketplace” where vendors who provide the best volume 25 price would find their products standardized into all Class One railroads. to which he markets his product. Plaintiff has. the two sources of light on the Accused Device function 2 fine without the ports. v. however. Inc. The Accused Device. 1995).10 . This argument fails because the crucial element is the provision of 360 degrees of lateral light in 17 addition to the central light source.. lateral light is 13 the same in both products. 4 “Literal infringement” is not established as to the Accused Device. Plaintiff could challenge 15 infringement by any lantern that lacked a plurality of ports. and 26 ORDER . The Accused Device infringes the 19 Patented Device under the Doctrine of Equivalents. Jorgensen’s conclusions for the following reasons. and 10 another source from LEDs outside the reflector that provide 360 degrees of lateral light. 18 however.
was disclosed as early as October 9. as well. Design’s patent rights 8 in this context. Design Titan III Trainman Lantern.C. The first sale was made on June 16. if Plaintiff lost the railroad market to 4 Defendants. 1 short lines.. Defendants’ 11 challenges to the validity and enforceability of the patent fail. however.G. 13 or in public use or on sale in this country. or (b) described in a printed publication . Design patent was applied for on May 11. 25 Accordingly. Plaintiff has demonstrated 6 irreparable harm if an injunction is not granted and has also demonstrated that the balance of 7 hardships tips in his favor. where such a strong showing of infringement has been made. given all 3 that A. and A. A determination that a claim is invalid due to lack of novelty under 35 U. Defendant Mukai testified that some railroads are testing the Accused Device. 10 Further to Plaintiff’s demonstration of likelihood of success on the merits. At the hearing. The Accused Device is being marketed with 2 a “lifetime guarantee” to the railroad market. 2003 to Florida East Coast Railway Co.. Plaintiff’s showing of 9 irreparable harm is sufficient. 19 Allen Herrington testified that the A. Defendant 20 Mukai asserts that the A. The public interest element favors protecting A. Allen Herrington explained in 16 his declaration. 2002. Modifications of the design 18 continued into 2003. the Court will grant A. Design had a three-year development contract with BNSF. § 102 requires 15 a finding that every limitation is found in a single prior art reference. and Plaintiff’s losses could not be calculated. the lantern of which 22 Defendant spoke was shown to be a prototype and not the Patented Device.11 . 17 A.G.G. which disclosed all the elements of 21 the patent. Design’s Motion for Injunctive Relief 26 ORDER .G. Design has put into developing the Patented Device.G. Design has demonstrated that 24 Defendants’ challenge to the Patent’s validity lacks substantial merit. and also testified in the hearing.S. and he 5 stated that he has only six prototypes. Under these circumstances. of the development history of the Patented Device. Defendants have failed 23 to raise a substantial question concerning validity. more than one year prior to the date of the application for 14 patent. 2004.G. One is not entitled to a patent if the 12 invention was (a) known or used by others in this country. and others would eventually follow.G.
Letter of Intent. around June 15.12 .” The Court did not find Defendant Marcus Mukai’s testimony as to 12 this Agreement persuasive. 25 ACCORDINGLY. 14). because a 15 serious question has been raised on the issue of the Covenant Not To Compete. but Defendant Marcus Mukai has violated the April 1. that 24 the balance of hardships tips in its favor.G. 1 Plaintiff A.G.G.) Plaintiff contends that Defendants 6 not only have violated patent law. and Herrington testified that the Agreement was terminated at the 14 same time the Letter of Intent was terminated. 2003 7 Agreement executed by Allen Herrington and Marcus Mucai. 26 ORDER . The Covenant Not To Compete runs for three-years following 13 termination of the Agreement. (“Non-Exclusive Sales 4 Representative Agreement. 19 CONCLUSION 20 Plaintiff A. Provision For Proprietary Rights Protection And Covenant Not To 5 Compete. and because the 16 balance of hardships tips in Plaintiff’s favor on this issue for reasons similar to those in the patent 17 infringement analysis above. demonstrated a serious question as to Defendant Marcus Mukai’s violation of 10 the “Non-Exclusive Sales Representative Agreement. Provision For Proprietary Rights Protection 11 And Covenant Not To Compete.G. This argument is not directly relevant 8 to the showing that Plaintiff must make to obtain injunctive relief in a patent infringement context. another basis for preserving the status quo pending final resolution of the 18 issue has been shown.” (Plaintiff’s Ex. 9). Design and in the 3 course of Defendant Mukai’s negotiations to purchase Plaintiff’s business. Accordingly. 2004. Design further argues that Defendants utilized confidential information to which 2 Defendant Mukai had access both as an independent sales representative for A. and that the public interest favors granting injunctive relief. Plaintiff has also shown that irreparable harm is likely. 9 Plaintiff has. however. as A. Design 21 has made a strong showing that the Accused Device likely infringes the patent in issue. and has 22 demonstrated that its infringement claim will likely withstand the Defendants’ challenges to the 23 validity and enforceability of the Patent. (Plaintiff’s Ex. Design has demonstrated that it is entitled to injunctive relief.
16 design. Design’s Motion for Injunctive Relief [Dkt. engineers. including. representatives. Defendants are commanded to immediately give written notice. and 12 4. Defendants are prohibited from further 4 manufacturing. 2007. 19 20 21 A FRANKLIN D. financiers. marketing. Defendants are commanded to notify their business contacts. information. to any customer. As of the date this Order is entered. # 5] is 2 GRANTED. 9 3. marketing. 1 IT IS ORDERED: Plaintiff A.13 .G. purchaser. 15 electronic data. suppliers. in a form approved by 6 the Court. designers. 5 2. or prospective purchaser that the Accused 7 Device may have been unlawfully manufactured and sold in violation of the patent set 8 forth in Exhibit A to Plaintiff’s Complaint. and sale of the Accused Device. or sale of the Accused Device or any similar product. Until this litigation is otherwise resolved. BURGESS UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 22 23 24 25 26 ORDER . Defendants are hereby prohibited from any further use of any and all confidential 10 information and trade secrets given to Defendants by Plaintiff and shall return such 11 information to Plaintiff within 20 days. the Court Orders the following: 3 1. and 14 buyers that they must turn over to Plaintiff copies all documents. 17 18 DATED this 3rd day of July. but not limited 13 to. manufacturers. and other tangible things pertaining in any way to the manufacture.

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