Source: http://www.richlandcountysc.gov/Government/Courts-and-Judicial-System/Probate-Court/Probate-Terms
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 02:15:40+00:00

Document:
Accountings -- Reports that contain the annual and final fiscal reports showing receipts and disbursements with date and purpose.
Application -- a written request to the probate court for an order or statement of informal probate or appointment.
Beneficiary -- as it relates to trust beneficiaries, includes a person who has any present or future interest, vested or contingent, and also includes the owner of an interest by assignment or other transfer and, as it relates to a charitable trust, includes any person entitled to enforce the trust.
Child -- any individual entitled to take as a child by intestate succession from the parent whose relationship is involved and excludes any person who is only a stepchild, a foster child, a grandchild, or any more remote descendant.
Claims -- liabilities of the decedent or protected person whether arising in contract, in tort, or otherwise, and liabilities of the estate which arise at or after the death of the decedent or after the appointment of a conservator, including funeral expenses and expenses of administration. The term does not include estate or inheritance taxes, or demands or disputes regarding title of a decedent or protected person to specific assets alleged to be included in the estate.
Court -- the court or branch having jurisdiction in matters.
Conservator -- a person who is appointed by a court to manage the estate of a protected person.
Devise -- when used as a noun, means a testamentary disposition of real or personal property, including both devise and bequest as formerly used, and when used as a verb, means to dispose of real or personal property by will.
Devisee -- means any person designated in a will to receive a devise. In the case of a devise to an existing trust or trustee, or to a trustee on trust described by will, the trust or trustee is the devisee and the beneficiaries are not devisees.
(2) Appointment of a conservator or other protective order may be made in relation to the estate and affairs of a person if the court determines that (i) the person is unable to manage his property and affairs effectively for reasons such as mental illness, mental deficiency, physical illness or disability, advanced age, chronic use of drugs, chronic intoxication, confinement, detention by a foreign power, or disappearance; and (ii) the person has property which will be wasted or dissipated unless proper management is provided, or that funds are needed for the support, care, and welfare of the person or those entitled to be supported by him and that protection is necessary or desirable to obtain or provide funds.
Distributee -- means any person who has received property of a decedent from his personal representative other than as creditor or purchaser. A testamentary trustee is a distributee only to the extent of distributed assets or increment thereto remaining in his hands. A beneficiary of a testamentary trust to whom the trustee has distributed property received from a personal representative is a distributee of the personal representative. For purposed of this provision, "testamentary trustee" includes a trustee to whom assets are transferred by will, to the extent of the devised assets.
Exempt Property -- means that property of a decedent's estate which is described in § 62-2-401 which states The surviving spouse of a decedent who was domiciled in this State is entitled from the estate to a value not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars in excess of any security interests therein in household furniture, automobiles, furnishings, appliances, and personal effects. If there is no surviving spouse, minor or dependent children of the decedent are entitled jointly to the same value. If encumbered chattels are selected and if the value in excess of security interests, plus that of other exempt property, is less than twenty-five thousand dollars, or if there is not twenty- five thousand dollars worth of exempt property in the estate, the spouse or children are entitled to other assets of the estate, if any, to the extent necessary to make up the twenty- five thousand dollar value. Rights to exempt property and assets needed to make up a deficiency of exempt property have priority over all claims against the estate except claims described in Section 62-3-805(a)(1). These rights are in addition to any right of homestead and personal property exemption otherwise granted by law but are chargeable against and not in addition to any benefit or share passing to the surviving spouse or children by the will of the decedent unless otherwise provided, by intestate succession, or by the elective share. Any surviving spouse or minor or dependent children of the decedent who fails to survive the decedent by one hundred twenty hours is deemed to have predeceased the decedent for purposes of this section.
Expense of Administration -- includes commissions of personal representatives, fees and disbursements of attorneys, fees of appraisers, and such other expenses that are reasonably incurred in the administration of the estate.
Fair market value -- is the price that property would sell for on the open market that would be agreed on between a willing buyer and a willing seller, with neither being required to act, and both having a reasonable knowledge of the relevant facts.
Fiduciary -- includes personal representative, guardian, conservator, and trustee.
Foreign Personal Representative -- means a personal representative of another jurisdiction.
Formal proceedings -- means actions commenced by the filing of a summons and petition with the probate court and service of the summons and petition upon the interested persons. Formal proceedings are governed by and subject to the rules of civil procedure adopted for circuit courts and other rules of procedure in this title.
Guardian -- means a person appointed by the court as guardian, but excludes one who is a guardian ad litem.
Guardianship proceeding -- is as defined in § 62-5-101 (5) is a formal proceeding under the provisions of Part 3 of Article 5 (Section 62-5-301, et seq.) to determine if a person is an incapacitated person, or to appoint a guardian for an incapacitated person.
General power of appointment -- means any power that would cause income to be taxed to the fiduciary in his individual capacity under Section 678 of the Internal Revenue Code and any power that would be a general power of appointment, in whole or in part, under Section 2041(a)(2) or 2514(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Heirs -- means those persons, including the surviving spouse, who are entitled under the statute of intestate succession to the property of a decedent.
Incapacitated person -- is as defined in § 62-5-101 (1) which states an "incapacitated person" means any person who is impaired by reason of mental illness, mental deficiency, physical illness or disability, advanced age, chronic use of drugs, chronic intoxication, or other cause (except minority) to the extent that he lacks sufficient understanding or capacity to make or communicate responsible decisions concerning his person or property.
Informal proceedings -- means those commenced by application and conducted without notice to interested persons by the court for probate of a will or appointment of a personal representative. Informal proceedings are not governed by or subject to the rules of civil procedure adopted for teh circuit court.
Interested person -- includes heirs, devisees, children, spouses, creditors, beneficiaries, and any others having a property right in or claim against a trust estate or the estate of a decedent, ward, or protected person which may be affected by the proceeding. It also includes persons having priority for appointment as personal representative and other fiduciaries representing interested persons. The meaning as it relates to particular persons may vary from time to time and must be determined according to the particular purposes of, and matter involved in, any proceeding.
Issue of a person -- means all his lineal descendants whether natural or adoptive of all generations, with the relationship of parent and child at each generation being determined by the definitions of child and parent contained in this Code.
Lease -- includes an oil, gas, or other mineral lease.
Mortgage -- means any conveyance, agreement, or arrangement in which real property is used as security.
Nonresident decedent -- means a decedent who was domiciled in another jurisdiction at the time of his death.
Organization -- includes a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal entity.
Parent -- includes any person entitled to take, or who would be entitled to take if the child died without a will, as a parent under this Code by intestate succession from the child whose relationship is in question and excludes any person who is only a stepparent, foster parent, or grandparent.
Person -- means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commerical entity. .
Personal representative -- includes executor, administrator, successor personal representative, special administrator, and persons who perform substantially the same function under the law governing their status. "General personal representative" excludes special administrator.
Petition -- means a complaint as defined in teh rules of civil procedure adopted for teh circuit court. A petition requires a summons and is governed by and subject to the rules of civil procedure adopted for teh circuit court and other rules of procedure in this title.
Probate estate -- means the decedent's property passing under the decedent's will plus the decedent's property passing by intestacy.
Proceeding -- includes action at law and suit in equity.
Property -- includes both real and personal property or any interest therein and means anything that may be the subject of ownership.
Protected person -- is as defined in § 62-5-101 (3) which states a "protected person" is a minor or incapacitated person for whom a conservator has been appointed or other protective order has been made.
Protective proceeding -- is as defined in § 62-5-101 (2) which states a "protective proceeding" is a proceeding under the provisions of Section 62-5-401 to determine if a person is an incapacitated person, or to secure the administration of the estates of incapacitated persons or minors.
SCACR -- means the South Carolina Appellate Court Rules.
Security -- includes any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest, or participation in an oil, gas, or mining title or lease or in payments out of production under such a title or lease, collateral trust certificate, transferable share, voting trust certificate or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a security or any certificate of interest or participation, any temporary or interim certificate, receipt or certificate of deposit for, or any warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.
Security interest -- means any conveyance, agreement, or arrangement in which personal property is used as security.
Settlement -- in reference to a decedent's estate includes the full process of administration, distribution, and closing.
Special administrator -- means a personal representative as described by 62-3-614 through 62-3-618.
State -- means a state of teh United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, a federally recognized Indian tribe, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Successor personal representative -- means a personal representative, other than a special administrator, who is appointed to succeed a previously appointed personal representative.
Successors -- means those persons, other than creditors, who are entitled to property of a decedent under his will or this Code.
Testacy -- proceeding means a formal proceeding to establish a will or determine intestacy.
Testator -- A person who has made a legally valid will before death.
Trust -- includes any express trust, private or charitable, with additions thereto, wherever and however created. It also includes a trust created or determined by judgment or decree under which the trust is to be administered in the manner of an express trust. "Trust" excludes other constructive trusts, and it excludes resulting trusts, conservatorships, personal representative, trust accounts as defined in Article 6 (Sections 62-6-101 et seq.), custodial arrangements pursuant to the South Carolina Uniform Gifts to Minors Act, Section 20-7-140 et seq., of the 1976 Code, business trusts providing for certificates to be issued to beneficiaries, common trust funds, voting trust, security arrangements, liquidation trusts, and trusts for the primary purpose of paying debts, dividends, interest, salaries, wages, profits, pensions, or employee benefits of any kind, and any arrangement under which a person is nominee or escrowee for another.
Trustee -- includes an original, additional, or successor trustee, whether or not appointed or confirmed by court.
Ward -- is as defined in § 62-5-101 (4) which states a "ward" is a person for whom a guardian has been appointed.
Will -- includes codicil and any testamentary instrument which merely appoints an executor or revokes or revises another will.

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