Source: http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/266/266mass33.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 02:34:20+00:00

Document:
WALTER F. WINCHESTER vs. FRANCES E. O'BRIEN & others.
(4) The final decree was affirmed.
BILL IN EQUITY, filed in the Superior Court on June 21, 1927.
The bill, and material facts found by a master to whom the suit was referred, are described in the opinion. By order of Cox, J., there were entered an interlocutory decree confirming the master's report, and a final decree ordering the defendants to pay the plaintiff $650. The defendants appealed from the final decree. The evidence was not reported.
D. A. Ellis, (S. M. Whalen with him,) for the defendants.
F. W. Fisher, for the plaintiff.
SANDERSON, J. This is a bill in equity, filed June 21, 1927, to enjoin interference by the defendants with the plaintiff's use and enjoyment of his dental offices in the defendants' building and for damages. The defendants Lowe, Lipp and Holzman are the owners of the property standing in the name of the defendant O'Brien and will be referred to as the defendants. Injunctive relief was not granted, but a master was appointed to find the facts, and a decree was entered in favor of the plaintiff for $650 damages, and for costs, based upon the finding of the master that $150 was the damage to the plaintiff's property solely resulting from the acts of the defendants, and that $500 was the loss of his business income. The defendants appealed.
(2) rooms and a bath room . . . in the . . . apartment house known as the 'Chesterfield'" at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Commonwealth Avenue, for a period of three years from October 1, 1924, and contained a covenant that the lessee would occupy the premises for his business as a practising dentist and that nothing should be done thereon which would be injurious to the comfort of other tenants of the building or its good reputation. At the time of the execution of the lease the plaintiff had been in occupation of the suite for more than fifteen years and had an established business there. The building consisted of six stories, each of the upper five being occupied by one tenant and the street floor by the plaintiff and a florist. The apartment leased to the plaintiff was quiet and suitable for the offices of a dentist by reason of its surroundings and location.
consequence of the reconstruction work the plaintiff's apartment became dirty and dusty and on various occasions during May and June everything in it was covered with dust, largely consisting of fine plaster which damaged upholstered furniture in his rooms; and dirt from the hallway was tramped into his rugs. The work of tearing out was accompanied by a great deal of noise. Removing the stairways caused the plaintiff and his patients discomfort and made the practice of his profession difficult. At times the work resulted in considerable jarring of the building which interfered materially with the plaintiff's work upon his patients. The noise and dirt were annoying to patients and the conditions rendered it difficult properly to receive them and to give them services and attention which they required. The situation was wearing upon the plaintiff personally and often resulted in his becoming unfit to continue his work, so that during the entire period, particularly during June and July, he frequently found it necessary to postpone treating certain patients until he could do so under more favorable conditions, and, as a consequence, the receipts from his business showed some falling off. Neither the defendants nor their workmen entered the plaintiff's apartment. All that was done took place outside the two rooms and bath leased to the plaintiff. The master found that there was no evidence that the work of remodelling was not carried on in a reasonable and proper manner.
The plaintiff paid his rent to the end of the term and meanwhile prosecuted this suit, not intending to waive his rights to hold the defendants for the damages asserted in his bill.
The "grant of any thing carries an implication, that the grantee shall have all that is necessary to the enjoyment of the grant, so far as the grantor has power to give it." Salisbury v. Andrews, 19 Pick. 250, 255. Brande v. Grace, 154 Mass. 210, 211. Case v. Minot, 158 Mass. 577, 584, 585. Whitehouse v. Aiken, 190 Mass. 468, 471. The lease carried with it an implication that the lessors would refrain from acts voluntarily undertaken which substantially "impair the character and value of the leased premises." Brande v. Grace, supra, page 212.
If a landlord authorizes acts to be done which cause substantantial injury to the tenant in the peaceful enjoyment of the demised premises and such a result is the natural and probable consequence of the acts so authorized, the landlord is liable therefor. Case v. Minot, supra.
The defendants contend that the bill is framed solely on a breach of an implied covenant for quiet enjoyment and cannot be maintained. It alleges that the defendants, acting through their agents, contractors and workmen, are causing confusion, noise, dirt, and dust to exist in and about the building; that the continuation of the plaintiff's business depends substantially upon having his premises and the adjoining premises in a quiet, clean condition; that by reason of the acts of the defendants therein stated and the noise, confusion, dirt, and dust, created thereby, the prosecution of his profession has been interfered with and he has suffered serious and substantial injury therefrom; that unless the acts complained of are stopped he will suffer permanent and irreparable injury to his business. It also alleges that at the time he was unable to obtain suitable quarters for his business and if they could be found his business would be seriously interfered with by moving. Such allegations, if proved, would be ground for an injunction or a recovery in tort. Case v. Minot, supra, page 585. They set out an injury to the plaintiff's property and business directly resulting from acts which could be found to create a nuisance, and from trespasses interfering with and disturbing the plaintiff's rights as a tenant, even if they were not sufficiently permanent in their character to be an eviction. The bill is not based solely on breach of the implied covenant. The same act may be a breach of the covenant for quiet enjoyment and also a wrong causing injury to the tenant for which injunctive relief might be sought or an action of tort would lie.
to a constructive or partial eviction. Bartlett v. Farrington, 120 Mass. 284, 285. Fuller v. Ruby, 10 Gray 285, 290. He may have equitable relief by way of injunction to restrain threatened continuous or repeated trespasses or acts creating a nuisance, and if injunctive relief is denied the suit may be maintained for the assessment of damages. Nelson Theatre Co. v. Nelson, 216 Mass. 30. Even though the work was carried on in a reasonable and proper manner and entirely outside the rooms leased, injury was done to the property and appliances used in those rooms; there were interruptions of the electric and water service therein, the plaintiff's right of access was made more difficult, his property was injured, and he suffered a loss of income in business. The finding that the work was done outside and was properly done is not a controlling circumstance. Case v. Minot, supra, page 586.
It is evident from the facts found that there has been a substantial and continued interference with the plaintiff's beneficial enjoyment of the leased premises and appurtenant rights by the acts done or authorized by the defendants, and that when the bill was filed further interference was threatened. Cases like Callahan v. Goldman, 216 Mass. 238, which hold that a tenant cannot maintain an action at law for breach of covenant for quiet enjoyment so long as he remains in possession, are not controlling in the present suit because of the facts found and the nature of the relief sought. This suit falls within the class of cases where a tenant may remain in possession and seek relief against the landlord for wrongful interference with his rights as a tenant because the acts are wrongful invasions of such rights. Dexter v. Manley, 4 Cush. 14. Fuller v. Ruby, supra. Bartlett v. Farrington, supra. Brande v. Grace, supra. Lynch v. Union Institution for Savings, 158 Mass. 394. Case v. Minot, 158 Mass. 577. Epstein v. Dunbar, 221 Mass. 579. Jenkins v. Jackson, 40 Ch. Div. 71, 76, 77.
relief could not then be granted the suit was properly retained for the assessment of damages. Brande v. Grace, 154 Mass. 210, 213. Case v. Minot, supra. Epstein v. Dunbar, supra. The question whether any or all acts of the landlord could be found to be a partial eviction need not be decided. See Boston Veterinary Hospital v. Kiley, 219 Mass. 533; Lynch v. Union Institution for Savings, 158 Mass. 394; S. C. 159 Mass. 306.
No objections were filed to the master's report and his findings on damages cannot be revised because the evidence is not reported. We find no error of law in the conclusions reached by him or by the judge.

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