Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555817138.ch41
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 18:08:19+00:00

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The species Mycobacterium tuberculosis along with other organisms together form the so- called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with important differences among these organisms in epidemiology, microbiology, and even therapy. Human disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis is indistinguishable clinically or pathologically from the disease caused by M. tuberculosis. In the last decades, DNA probes became the most common molecular-based tool for identification of pathogenic mycobacterial isolates. The current recommended regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis includes the use of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months. The bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain of M. bovis is a laboratory-obtained attenuated strain described by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin in 1922. Mycobacterium africanum is a species from the M. tuberculosis complex that includes strains which share phenotypic characteristics with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Strains of this species have been isolated in sub- Saharan African countries, where it is the cause of human tuberculosis with variable percentages. However, in developed countries, M. africanum isolation is uncommon and is associated with immigrant patients from Africa; such patients can infect immigrants from other countries and even autochthonous patients. Disease caused by M. africanum is identical to that caused by M. tuberculosis. There are reports which evaluate both diseases: one of them showed no differences between the two species, except for less clustering of M. africanum cases than M. tuberculosis cases, and the appearance of lower lobe lung disease less frequently in M. africanum cases.
Spoligotyping pattern of Mycobacterium bovis. Spacers in the DR locus are indicated by the numbers 1 to 43.
Nuclear magnetic resonance of vertebral tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis.
Microcolonies of Mycobacterium bovis in Middlebrook 7H11 after 1 week of incubation at 37°C. Magnification, ×10.
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