Source: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-archive.cfm?country=Madagascar
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 04:36:08+00:00

Document:
U.S. Dept. of State, Background Note: Madagascar, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5460.htm, Jan. 19, 2012.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 12, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005. Military Service Code of Justice, art.196, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar, art. 4, last amended Apr. 27, 2007.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 49, ACT 50/001/2012, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/001/2012/en, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, http://www.worldcoalition.org/modules/wfdownloads/singlefile.php?cid=55&lid=328, Feb. 2010. FIACAT, ACAT-Madagascar & OMCT, Rapport alternatif sur la mise en œuvre de la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants par Madagascar, para. 10.7, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/FIACAT_OMCT_ACAT_Madagascar47_en.pdf, Oct. 17, 2011.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 45, n. 26, http://www.worldcoalition.org/modules/wfdownloads/singlefile.php?cid=55&lid=328, Feb. 2010.
 Madagascar-Tribune, Peine capitale, 44 condamnés, aucune exécution, http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/44-condamnes-aucune-execution,5122.html, Mar. 1, 2008.
 ACAT-Madagascar, interview with DPW, Dec. 3, 2010.
 FIACAT, ACAT-Madagascar & OMCT, Rapport alternatif sur la mise en œuvre de la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants par Madagascar, para. 10.7, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/FIACAT_OMCT_ACAT_Madagascar47_en.pdf, Oct. 17, 2011.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 58, ACT 50/001/2012, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/001/2012/en, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty: Countries Abolitionist in Practice, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/countries-abolitionist-in-practice, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012. U.N. ECOSOC, Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, Report of the Secretary-General, p. 64, U.N. Doc. E/2010/10, Dec. 18, 2009.
Parricide,  poisoning, planned murder (except for infanticide committed by the mother),  and murder committed to further or facilitate another offense,  such as the theft of an ox,  are punishable by death.
Destroying state property with fire or explosives  and laying an explosive with criminal intent  are punishable by death.
Acts of treason and provocation to commit treason are punishable by death.  Attempting to murder the head of state,  inciting the population to civil war,  commanding military troops without authorization,  destroying state property with fire or explosives,  pillaging state property at the head of an armed group,  and plotting against the internal security of the state  are punishable by death.
Desertion or incitement to desertion,  rebellion in time of war,  plotting against the commander of a ship or endangering that ship,  disobedience  or dereliction of duty in presence of the enemy,  sabotage of a military vessel leading to that vessel’s loss,  aggravating the injury of a wounded soldier in order to steal from him,  destroying or attempting to destroy national defense facilities in time of war,  voluntary self-mutilation aimed at making oneself unfit for service in time of war,  and capitulating without orders to do so or before having exhausted all available means of defense  are punishable by death.
Yes. For one offense only: murder committed in the course of oxen theft.
Murder committed before, during or after the offense of oxen theft is punished by death and the courts may not consider mitigating circumstances in handing down the sentence.  This is the only offense for which a death sentence is mandatory.
This is in conformity with Madagascar’s obligations as a party to the ICCPR  and to the Convention on the Rights of the Child,  which prohibit the execution of individuals for crimes committed while under the age of 18.
Under national legislation, pregnant women can be executed only after they have given birth to their child.  This is in conformity with Madagascar’s obligations as a party to the ICCPR,  which prohibits the execution of pregnant women.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts.302, 312, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 302, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 304, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), art.4, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through to May 17, 1976.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 316, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 355, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts. 434-435, 437, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 437, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 381, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts. 434-435, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 95, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts.435, 2, 302, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 344, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts. 75-76, as amended through Jan. 28, 2005. Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 184-186, 188, 190, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts.87, 97, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts.91, 97, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, arts. 92-94, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 96, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 125, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 77, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005. Military Service Code of Justice, art.187, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 127, 128, 135, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.136, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.137, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.138, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 161, 163, 173, 177-179,180-181, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 170, 172, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.149, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 155-156, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.166, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 168, 169, 171, 174, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 233, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 303, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 361, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 367, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 2, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 56, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 57, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 462, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 463, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.198, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Ordinance on Mitigating Circumstances, art. 1, sec. 2, No. 72-023, Sep. 18, 1972. Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), art.4, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through to May 17, 1976.
 Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), art.4, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through to May 17, 1976. Ordinance on Mitigating Circumstances, art. 1, sec. 2, No. 72-023, Sep. 18, 1972.
 Laurette Lalaharinivo & the Madagascar Ministry of Justice, Harmonisation of laws relating to children, Madagascar, p. 10, The African Child Policy Forum, 2005. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention, Third and fourth periodic report of States parties due in 2008, Madagascar, p. 30, para. 94, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/MDG/3-4, Aug. 16, 2010.
 Laurette Lalaharinivo & the Madagascar Ministry of Justice, Harmonisation of laws relating to children, Madagascar, p. 11, The African Child Policy Forum, 2005. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention, Third and fourth periodic report of States parties due in 2008, Madagascar, p. 95, para. 612, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/MDG/3-4, Aug. 16, 2010. U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 61, para. 386, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 44 Of The Convention, Concluding observations: Madagascar, p. 16, para. 67, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/15/Add.218, Oct. 27, 2003.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 61, para. 387, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005.
 Ordinance on Mitigating Circumstances, art. 3, No. 72-023, Sep. 18, 1972.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Rapport National Présenté Conformément Au Paragraphe 15 A) De L’annexe À La Resolution 5/1 Du Conseil Des Droits De L’homme, Madagascar, p. 19, para. 143, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/1, Nov. 3, 2009. Laurette Lalaharinivo & the Madagascar Ministry of Justice, Harmonisation of laws relating to children, Madagascar, p. 44, The African Child Policy Forum, 2005. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention, Third and fourth periodic report of States parties due in 2008, Madagascar, p. 97, para. 637, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/MDG/3-4, Aug. 16, 2010. U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 22, para. 106, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=UNTSONLINE&tabid=2&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4〈=en#Participants , last accessed Apr. 16, 2012.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 27, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005. U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 22, para. 106, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005.
 Penal Code of Madagascar, art. 64, as amended through to Jan. 28, 2005.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Second Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 1642 U.N.T.S. 414, Dec. 15, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Feb. 14, 2013.
 African Union, List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights, Doc. 0002, http://au.int/en/sites/default/files/African%20Charter%20on%20Human%20and%20Peoples'%20Rights.pdf, Feb. 21, 2013.
 African Union, List of countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, Doc. 0025, http://au.int/en/sites/default/files/Rights%20of%20Women.pdf, Feb. 21, 2013.
 African Union, List of Countries which have signed, ratified/acceded to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, Doc. 0003, http://au.int/en/sites/default/files/Welfare%20of%20the%20Child_0.pdf, Feb. 21, 2013.
The Preamble to the Constitution provides that the International Bill of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the conventions concerning women and children’s rights are considered an integral part of Madagascar’s positive law.  The most likely interpretation of this provision is that only the human rights treaties which have been ratified by Madagascar form an integral part of national law. However, we note that the International Bill of Human Rights is understood informally as including the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, whose signatories commit to abolishing the death penalty.
However, in September 2012, Madagascar took a huge step towards abolition when President Andry Rajoelina signed the the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR at the UN’s 67th General Assembly.  As a signatory to the Protocol, Madagascar has an obligation to refrain from actions that would defeat its object and purpose. The Protocol aims at the universal abolition of capital punishment, and its parties commit to taking all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty. As of March 2013, there had been no reports of Madagascar ratifying or implementing the treaty through domestic legislation.
In September 2012, Madagascar took a huge step towards abolition when President Andry Rajoelina signed the the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR at the UN’s 67th General Assembly.  As a signatory to the Protocol, Madagascar has an obligation to refrain from actions that would defeat its object and purpose. The Protocol aims at the universal abolition of capital punishment, and its parties commit to taking all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty. As of March 2013, there had been no reports of Madagascar ratifying or implementing the treaty through domestic legislation.
There is no website centralizing Malagasy jurisprudence but some decisions of the Supreme Court are posted on Juricaf, the search engine of the website of the AHJUCAF: http://www.juricaf.org/recherche_avancee.
Moreover, some decisions of the Haute-Cour Constitutionnelle (Constitutional High Court) are available on the court’s website: http://www.hcc.gov.mg/.
 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar, art. 13, last amended Apr. 27, 2007.
 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar, Preamble, last amended Apr. 27, 2007.
 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar, art. 132, last amended Apr. 27, 2007.
 U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, para. 5, U.N. Doc. CAT/MDG/CO/1, Dec. 21, 2011.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2010, ACT 50/001/2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/001/2011/en, Mar. 28, 2011. Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 49, ACT 50/001/2012, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ACT50/001/2012/en, Mar. 27, 2012. R.S, Six personnes condamnées à mort, Midi Madagasikara, http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/midi/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8827, Oct. 30, 2008. ACAT-Madagascar, interview with DPW, Dec. 3, 2010.
 FIACAT, ACAT-Madagascar & OMCT, Rapport alternatif sur la mise en œuvre de la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants par Madagascar, p. 9, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/FIACAT_OMCT_ACAT_Madagascar47_en.pdf, Oct. 17, 2011.
 La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, La peine de mort – Madagascar, http://www.peinedemort.org/National/pays.php?pays=179, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012. U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 22, para. 101, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005. U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 A) of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1, Madagascar, p. 6, para. 46, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/1, Nov. 3, 2009.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdfhttp://www.worldcoalition.org/modules/wfdownloads/singlefile.php?cid=55&lid=328, Feb. 2010. Madagascar-Tribune, Peine capitale, 44 condamnés, aucune exécution, http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/44-condamnes-aucune-execution,5122.html, Mar. 1, 2008.
 Franck Gorchs-Chacou, Prison System Adviser with the European Commission in Madagascar, Eemail to DPW, Nov. 3, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty: Countries Abolitionist in Practice, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/countries-abolitionist-in-practice, last accessed Feb. 28, 2011Apr. 16, 2012. U.N. ECOSOC, Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty, Report of the Secretary-General, p. 64, U.N. Doc. E/2010/10, Dec. 18, 2009.
 Madagascar-Tribune, Peine capitale, 44 condamnés, aucune exécution, http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/44-condamnes-aucune-execution,5122.html, Mar. 1, 2008 (emphasis added).
 Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort, La peine de mort : Madagascar, http://www.abolition.fr/ecpm/french/fiche-pays.php?pays=MDG, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdf, Feb. 2010.
 BBC World News, Madagascar death penalty defended, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7098253.stm, Nov. 16, 2007.
 Sandra Rabearisoa, Peine de mort à Madagascar - Vers une abolition définitive, La Vérité, http://www.laverite.mg/societe-a-madagascar/peine-de-mort-a-madagascar-vers-une-abolition-definitive.html, Oct. 5, 2010.
 U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Committee Against Torture Hears Response of Madagascar, http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11599&LangID=E, Nov. 11, 2011.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 12, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdf, Feb. 2010.
 RFI, Madagascar s’engage à abolir la peine de mort, http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20120927-madagascar-s-engage-abolir-peine-mort, Sep. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Amnesty International urges release of political prisoners, investigation into excessive use of force against demonstrators and freedom of the media, AFR 35/003/2010, Jun. 10, 2010.
 U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, paras. 5, 16, U.N. Doc. CAT/MDG/CO/1, Dec. 21, 2011.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdfhttp://www.worldcoalition.org/module\/wfdownloads/singlefile.php?cid=55&lid=328, Feb. 2010. Madagascar-Tribune, Peine capitale, 44 condamnés, aucune exécution, http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/44-condamnes-aucune-execution,5122.html, Mar. 1, 2008.
 Case Name Unknown, Supreme Court of Madagascar Criminal Chamber, Case No. 87/96-PEN, Opinion No. 66, http://www.juricaf.org/arret/MADAGASCAR-COURSUPREME-20030314-8796PEN, Mar. 14, 2003.
 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar, art. 57, last amended Apr. 27, 2007.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, art.549, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997. Military Service Code of Justice, art.89, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977. Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdf, Feb. 2010.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, art.408, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997.
 Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), art.41, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through to May 17, 1976.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, art.409, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.9, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, art.18, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997.
 Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), arts. 1, 48, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through May 17, 1976.
 Military Service Code of Justice, art.3, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Law on the Organization, Powers and Procedures of the Supreme Court (Loi relative à l'organisation, aux attributions, au fonctionnement et à la procédure applicable devant la Cour Suprême et les trois Cours la composant), arts. 60-61, No. 2004-036, Oct. 1, 2004. Military Service Code of Justice, art.78, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Law on the Organization, Powers and Procedures of the Supreme Court (Loi relative à l'organisation, aux attributions, au fonctionnement et à la procédure applicable devant la Cour Suprême et les trois Cours la composant), art. 24, No. 2004-036, Oct. 1, 2004. Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, arts. 444, 539, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997. Military Service Code of Justice, art.78, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Law on the Organization, Powers and Procedures of the Supreme Court (Loi relative à l'organisation, aux attributions, au fonctionnement et à la procédure applicable devant la Cour Suprême et les trois Cours la composant), art. 25, No. 2004-036, Oct. 1, 2004.
 Law on the Organization, Powers and Procedures of the Supreme Court (Loi relative à l'organisation, aux attributions, au fonctionnement et à la procédure applicable devant la Cour Suprême et les trois Cours la composant), art. 34, No. 2004-036, Oct. 1, 2004. Military Service Code of Justice, arts. 83-85, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, arts. 544-545, Sep. 20, 1962, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997. Military Service Code of Justice, art.92, Oct. 1, 1962, as amended through to Feb. 8, 1977.
 Law on the Organization, Powers and Procedures of the Supreme Court (Loi relative à l'organisation, aux attributions, au fonctionnement et à la procédure applicable devant la Cour Suprême et les trois Cours la composant), arts. 89-90, No. 2004-036, Oct. 1, 2004.
As of March 2013, we did not find any reports of foreign nationals under sentence of death in Madagascar.
As of March 2013, we did not find any reports of women under sentence of death in Madagascar.
As of March 2013, we did not find any reports of juveniles under sentence of death in Madagascar.
As of March 2013, we did not find any information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of death row.
As a member of ACAT-Madagascar explained in a December 2010 interview with DPW, there is a significant discrepancy between legal aid as provided for by the law and legal aid in practice. Legal aid fees sometimes only just cover the expenses incurred by the lawyer to get a copy of the case files. This may explain why sometimes court-appointed lawyers “do not do their job.” In addition, most court-appointed lawyers are trainees who “do their best because they want to learn,”  but do not have the level of experience required to handle serious criminal cases.
By the end of our research, we were unable to find any information on the availability of legal aid before appellate courts.
 FIACAT, ACAT-Madagascar & OMCT, Rapport alternatif sur la mise en œuvre de la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants par Madagascar, para. 10.7, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/FIACAT_OMCT_ACAT_Madagascar47_en.pdf, Oct. 17, 2011. La Peine de Mort dans le Monde, Madagascar : 17 "criminels dangereux" échappent à la prison, http://www.peinedemort.org/document.php?choix=3478, Jan. 5, 2009. Franck Gorchs-Chacou, Prison System Adviser with the European Commission in Madagascar, Email to DPW, Nov. 3, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Third periodic report, Madagascar, p. 32, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/2005/3, Jun. 13, 2005.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, Madagascar, p. 3, para. 9, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/3, Nov. 24, 2009.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Rapport National Présenté Conformément Au Paragraphe 15 A) De L’annexe À La Résolution 5/1 Du Conseil Des Droits De L’homme, Madagascar, p. 10, para. 59, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/1, Nov. 3, 2009.
 Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, p. 11, n. 27 http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdf, Feb. 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, Madagascar, p. 3, para. 10, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/3, Nov. 24, 2009.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Madagascar, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154355.htm, Apr. 8, 2011.
 U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, para. 10, U.N. Doc. CAT/MDG/CO/1, Dec. 21, 2011.
 Penal Procedure Code of Madagascar, Sep. 20, 1962, art. 65, as amended through to Oct. 30, 1997. Ordinance on the Repression of Oxen Theft (Ordonnance relative à la répression des vols de bœufs), art.39, No. 60-106, Sep. 27, 1960, as amended through to May 17, 1976.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, Madagascar, p. 4, para. 18, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/3, Nov. 24, 2009.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Madagascar, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154355.htm, Apr. 16, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Amnesty International urges release of political prisoners, investigation into excessive use of force against demonstrators and freedom of the media, AFR 35/003/2010, Jun. 10, 2010. Amnesty Intl., Suggested recommendations to states considered in the seventh round of Universal Periodic Review, February 2010, p. 19, IOR 41/030/2009, Dec. 2009.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Madagascar, p. 5, para. 24, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/CO/3, May 11, 2007.
 Amnesty Intl., Amnesty International Report 2011: The State of the World’s Human Rights, p. 215, POL 10/001/2011, May 13, 2011.
 Amnesty Intl., Amnesty International Report 2010 – Madagascar, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4c03a8185.html, last accessed Apr. 16, 2012.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Madagascar, p. 4, para. 15, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/CO/3, May 11, 2007.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Madagascar, p. 4, para. 18, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/CO/3, May 11, 2007.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Madagascar, pp. 4-5, para. 20, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/CO/3, May 11, 2007.
 U.N. ICCPR Human Rights Committee, Consideration Of Reports Submitted By States Parties Under Article 40 Of The Covenant, Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee, Madagascar, p. 5, para. 22, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/MDG/CO/3, May 11, 2007.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 12, para. 72, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 13, paras. 72.28 - 72.30, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 14, para. 72.32, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 14, para. 72.33, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 14, para. 72.34, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 14, para. 72.35, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 15, para. 72.49, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, Madagascar, p. 15, para. 72.50, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13, Mar. 26, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Rapport du Groupe de travail sur l’Examen périodique universel, Madagascar, Additif, Observations sur les conclusions et/ou recommandations, engagements exprimés et réponses de l’État examiné, p. 4, para. 18, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13/Add.1, Jun. 8, 2010.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Rapport du Groupe de travail sur l’Examen périodique universel, Madagascar, Additif, Observations sur les conclusions et/ou recommandations, engagements exprimés et réponses de l’État examiné, p. 4, paras. 20-21, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/13/Add.1, Jun. 8, 2010.
 U.N. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, para. 16, U.N. Doc. CAT/MDG/CO/1, Dec. 21, 2011.
Amnesty Intl., Madagascar: Urgent Need for Justice, Human Rights Violations During the political Crisis, AFR 35/001/2010, Feb. 4, 2010.
Amnesty Intl., Madagascar: Human Rights Must Be At the Heart of the Road Map to End the Crisis, AFR 35/001/2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR35/001/2011/en/8db3441d-ee25-44b8-9cce-8d52921eb9ec/afr350012011en.pdf, Oct. 7, 2011.
Caroline Sculier, Towards a Universal Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, Strategies, Arguments and Perspectives, World Coalition Against the Death Penalty, http://www.mediastroika.com/hosting/coalition/media/resourcecenter/wcadp-rapportmoratoire2010-fr.pdf, Feb. 2010.
To learn more about the recent political crisis and its accompanying human rights violations (including extrajudicial killings), please see Amnesty Intl., Madagascar: Urgent Need for Justice, Human Rights Violations During the political Crisis, AFR 35/001/2010, Feb. 4, 2010. See also Amnesty Intl., Madagascar: Human Rights Must Be At the Heart of the Road Map to End the Crisis, AFR 35/001/2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR35/001/2011/en/8db3441d-ee25-44b8-9cce-8d52921eb9ec/afr350012011en.pdf, Oct. 7, 2011.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Summary prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, Madagascar, p. 3, para. 9, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/7/MDG/3, Nov. 24, 2009. U.S. Dept. of State, 2010 Human Rights Report: Madagascar, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154355.htm, Apr. 16, 2012.

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