Source: https://www.animallaw.info/statute/us-invasive-chapter-67-aquatic-nuisance-prevention-and-control
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 04:19:02+00:00

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Full Statute Name: United States Code Annotated. Title 16. Conservation. Chapter 67. Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control.
The Act focuses on all aquatics, including aquatic plants. The Act created the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force, which is an intergovernmental organization, administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service, committed to preventing and controlling aquatic nuisance species and implementing the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act. The Task Force coordinates Federal governmental efforts dealing with aquatic nuisance species with those of state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, and the private sector.
(15) resolving the problems associated with aquatic nuisance species will require the participation and cooperation of the Federal Government and State governments, and investment in the development of prevention technologies.
(5) to establish a program of research and technology development and assistance to States in the management and removal of zebra mussels.
(7) "Great Lakes" means Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron (including Lake St. Clair), Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and the connecting channels (Saint Mary's River, Saint Clair River, Detroit River, Niagara River, and Saint Lawrence River to the Canandian [Canadian] Border), and includes all other bodies of water within the drainage basin of such lakes and connecting channels.
(17) "unintentional introduction" means an introduction of nonindigenous species that occurs as the result of activities other than the purposeful or intentional introduction of the species involved, such as the transport of nonindigenous species in ballast or in water used to transport fish, mollusks or crustaceans for aquaculture or other purposes.
(1) In general. Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue voluntary guidelines to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic nuisance species into the Great Lakes through the exchange of ballast water of vessels prior to entering those waters.
(D) be based on the best scientific information available.
(1) In general. Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force, shall issue regulations to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic nuisance species into the Great Lakes through the ballast water of vessels.
(H) be based on the best scientific information available.
(3) Additional regulations. In addition to promulgating regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force, shall, not later than November 4, 1994, issue regulations to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic nuisance species into the Great Lakes through ballast water carried on vessels that enter a United States port on the Hudson River north of the George Washington Bridge.
(4) Education and technical assistance programs. The Secretary may carry out education and technical assistance programs and other measures to promote compliance with the regulations issued under this subsection.
(1) In general. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 [enacted October 26, 1996], and after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall issue voluntary guidelines to prevent the introduction and spread of nonindigenous species in waters of the United States by ballast water operations and other operations of vessels equipped with ballast water tanks.
(L) not apply to crude oil tankers engaged in the coastwise trade.
(3) Education and technical assistance programs. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 [enacted October 26, 1996], the Secretary shall carry out education and technical assistance programs and other measures to encourage compliance with the guidelines issued under this subsection.
(d) Report to Congress. Not sooner than 24 months after the date of issuance of guidelines pursuant to subsection (c) and not later than 30 months after such date, and after consultation with interested and affected persons, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to Congress a report containing the information required pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (e).
(e) Periodic review and revision.
(iii) carry out each of clauses (i) and (ii).
(3) Criteria for effectiveness. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 [enacted October 26, 1996], the Task Force shall submit to the Secretary criteria for determining the adequacy and effectiveness of the voluntary guidelines issued under subsection (c).
the Secretary shall promptly promulgate regulations that meet the requirements of paragraph (2).
(B) may be regional in scope.
(3) International regulations. The Secretary shall revise regulations promulgated under this subsection to the extent required to make such regulations consistent with the treatment of a particular matter in any international agreement, agreed to by the United States, governing management of the transfer of nonindigenous aquatic species by vessel.
(1) Civil penalties. Any person who violates a regulation promulgated under subsection (b) or (f) shall be liable for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $ 25,000. Each day of a continuing violation constitutes a separate violation. A vessel operated in violation of the regulations is liable in rem for any civil penalty assessed under this subsection for that violation.
(2) Criminal penalties. Any person who knowingly violates the regulations promulgated under subsection (b) or (f) is guilty of a class C felony.
(3) Revocation of clearance. Upon request of the Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury shall withhold or revoke the clearance of a vessel required by section 4197 of the Revised Statutes (46 U.S.C. App. 91 [46 USCS § 60105]), if the owner or operator of that vessel is in violation of the regulations issued under subsection (b) or (f).
(B) the recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Act are complied with.
(h) Coordination with other agencies. In carrying out the programs under this section, the Secretary is encouraged to use, to the maximum extent practicable, the expertise, facilities, members, or personnel of established agencies and organizations that have routine contact with vessels, including the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture, the National Cargo Bureau, port administrations, and ship pilots' associations.
(i) Consultation with Canada, Mexico, and other foreign governments. In developing the guidelines issued and regulations promulgated under this section, the Secretary is encouraged to consult with the Government of Canada, the Government of Mexico, and any other government of a foreign country that the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force, determines to be necessary to develop and implement an effective international program for preventing the unintentional introduction and spread of nonindigenous species.
(j) International cooperation. The Secretary, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization of the United Nations and the Commission on Environmental Cooperation established pursuant to the North American Free Trade Agreement, is encouraged to enter into negotiations with the governments of foreign countries to develop and implement an effective international program for preventing the unintentional introduction and spread of nonindigenous species.
(1) Master discretion. The master of a vessel is not required to conduct a ballast water exchange if the master decides that the exchange would threaten the safety or stability of the vessel, its crew, or its passengers because of adverse weather, vessel architectural design, equipment failure, or any other extraordinary conditions.
(A) In general. Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a vessel that does not exchange ballast water on the high seas under paragraph (1) shall not be restricted from discharging ballast water in any harbor.
(B) Great Lakes. Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in a case in which a vessel is subject to the regulations issued by the Secretary under subsection (b).
(3) Crude oil tanker ballast facility study.
(A) Within 60 days of the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, affected shoreside ballast water facility operators, affected crude oil tanker operators, and interested parties, shall initiate a study of the effectiveness of existing shoreside ballast water facilities used by crude oil tankers in the coastwise trade off Alaska in preventing the introduction of nonindigenous aquatic species into the waters off Alaska, as well as the cost and feasibility of modifying such facilities to improve such effectiveness.
(B) The study required under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the Congress by no later than October 1, 1997.
(l) Non-discrimination. The Secretary shall ensure that vessels registered outside of the United States do not receive more favorable treatment than vessels registered in the United States when the Secretary performs studies, reviews compliance, determines effectiveness, establishes requirements, or performs any other responsibilities under this Act.
(a) Studies on introduction of aquatic nuisance species by vessels.
(2) Biological study. The Task Force, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall conduct a study to determine whether aquatic nuisance species threaten the ecological characteristics and economic uses of Lake Champlain and other waters of the United States other than the Great Lakes.
(b) Ecological and ballast water discharge surveys.
(ii) provide an estimate of the effectiveness of ballast water management and other vessel management guidelines issued and regulations promulgated under this subtitle in abating invasions of aquatic nuisance species in the waters that are the subject of the survey.
(2) Ballast water discharge surveys.
(A) In general. The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force, shall conduct surveys of ballast water discharge rates and practices in the waters referred to in paragraph (1)(A) on the basis of the criteria under clauses (i) and (ii) of such paragraph.
(ii) assess the effectiveness of voluntary guidelines issued, and regulations promulgated, under this subtitle in altering ballast water discharge practices to reduce the probability of accidental introductions of aquatic nuisance species.
(3) Columbia River. The Secretary, in cooperation with the Task Force and academic institutions in each of the States affected, shall conduct an ecological and ballast water discharge survey of the Columbia River system consistent with the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2).
(1) Ballast exchange. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990] and prior to the effective date of the regulations issued under section 1101(b) [16 USCS § 4711(b)], the Task Force shall submit a report to the Congress that presents the results of the study required under subsection (a)(1) and makes recommendations with respect to such regulations.
(2) Biological and shipping studies. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990], the Secretary and the Task Force shall each submit to the Congress a report on the results of their respective studies under paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a).
(d) Negotiations. The Secretary, working through the International Maritime Organization, is encouraged to enter into negotiations with the governments of foreign countries concerning the planning and implementation of measures aimed at the prevention and control of unintentional introductions of aquatic nuisance species in coastal waters.
(5) make available not to exceed $ 750,000 to fund research on aquatic nuisance species prevention and control in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary through grants, to be competitively awarded and subject to peer review, to universities and research institutions.
(f) National ballast information clearinghouse.
(B) invasions of aquatic nuisance species resulting from ballast water.
(a) Department of Defense vessels. Subject to operational conditions, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary, the Task Force, and the International Maritime Organization, shall implement a ballast water management program for seagoing vessels of the Department of Defense to minimize the risk of introduction of nonindigenous species from releases of ballast water.
(b) Coast Guard vessels. Subject to operational conditions, the Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force and the International Maritime Organization, shall implement a ballast water management program for seagoing vessels of the Coast Guard to minimize the risk of introduction of nonindigenous species from releases of ballast water.
(1) In general. During the 18-month period beginning on the date that funds are made available by appropriations pursuant to section 1301(e) [16 USCS § 4741(e)], the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of and in cooperation with the Secretary, shall conduct a ballast water management demonstration program to demonstrate technologies and practices to prevent aquatic nonindigenous species from being introduced into and spread through ballast water in the Great Lakes and other waters of the United States.
(2) Location. The installation and construction of the technologies and practices used in the demonstration program conducted under this subsection shall be performed in the United States.
(4) Selection of technologies and practices. In selecting technologies and practices for demonstration under this subsection, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall give priority consideration to technologies and practices identified as promising by the National Research Council Marine Board of the National Academy of Sciences in its report on ships' ballast water operations issued in July 1996.
(5) Report. Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 [enacted October 26, 1996], the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall prepare and submit a report to the Congress on the demonstration program conducted pursuant to this section. The report shall include findings and recommendations of the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce concerning technologies and practices.
(c) Authorities; consultation and cooperation with International Maritime Organization and Task Force.
(2) Consultation and cooperation. The Secretary of the Interior shall consult and cooperate with the International Maritime Organization and the Task Force in carrying out this section.
(a) Task Force. There is hereby established an "Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force".
(7) the head of any other Federal agency that the chairpersons designated under subsection (d) deem appropriate.
(c) Ex officio members. The chairpersons designated under subsection (d) shall invite representatives of the Great Lakes Commission, the Lake Champlain Basin Program, the Chesapeake Bay Program, the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary Program, and State agencies and other governmental entities to participate as ex officio members of the Task Force.
(d) Chairpersons. The Director and the Under Secretary shall serve as co-chairpersons of the Task Force and shall be jointly responsible, and are authorized to undertake such activities as may be necessary, for carrying out this subtitle in consultation and cooperation with the other members of the Task Force.
(e) Memorandum of understanding. Within six months of the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990], the Director and the Under Secretary shall develop a memorandum of understanding that describes the role of each in jointly carrying out this subtitle.
(f) Coordination. Each Task Force member shall coordinate any action to carry out this subtitle with any such action by other members of the Task Force, and regional, State and local entities.
(a) In general. The Task Force shall develop and implement a program for waters of the United States to prevent introduction and dispersal of aquatic nuisance species; to monitor, control and study such species; and to disseminate related information.
(6) develop a demonstration program of prevention, monitoring, control, education and research for the zebra mussel, to be implemented in the Great Lakes and any other waters infested, or likely to become infested in the near future, by the zebra mussel.
(C) evaluation of whether measures to prevent introductions of aquatic nuisance species are effective and environmentally sound.
(2) Implementation. Whenever the Task Force determines that there is a substantial risk of unintentional introduction of an aquatic nuisance species by an identified pathway and that the adverse consequences of such an introduction are likely to be substantial, the Task Force shall, acting through the appropriate Federal agency, and after an opportunity for public comment, carry out cooperative, environmentally sound efforts with regional, State and local entities to minimize the risk of such an introduction.
(3) provide for the early detection and prevention of infestations of aquatic nuisance species in unaffected drainage basins.
(1) In general. The Task Force may develop cooperative efforts, within the program established under subsection (a), to control established aquatic nuisance species to minimize the risk of harm to the environment and the public health and welfare. For purposes of this Act, control efforts include eradication of infestations, reductions of populations, development of means of adapting human activities and public facilities to accommodate infestations, and prevention of the spread of aquatic nuisance species from infested areas. Such control efforts shall be developed in consultation with affected Federal agencies, States, Indian Tribes, local governments, interjurisdictional organizations, and other appropriate entities. Control actions authorized by this section shall be based on the best available scientific information and shall be conducted in an environmentally sound manner.
(2) Decisions. The Task Force or any other affected agency or entity may recommend that the Task Force initiate a control effort. In determining whether a control program is warranted, the Task Force shall evaluate the need for control (including the projected consequences of no control and less than full control); the technical and biological feasibility and cost-effectiveness of alternative control strategies and actions; whether the benefits of control, including costs avoided, exceed the costs of the program; the risk of harm to non-target organisms and ecosystems, public health and welfare; and such other considerations the Task Force determines appropriate. The Task Force shall also determine the nature and extent of control of target aquatic nuisance species that is feasible and desirable.
(3) Programs. If the Task Force determines in accordance with paragraph (2) that control of an aquatic nuisance species is warranted, the Task Force shall develop a proposed control program to achieve the target level of control. A notice summarizing the proposed action and soliciting comments shall be published in the Federal Register, in major newspapers in the region affected, and in principal trade publications of the industries affected. Within 180 days of proposing a control program, and after consultation with affected governmental and other appropriate entities and taking into consideration other comments received, the Task Force shall complete development of the proposed control program.
(D) the assessment of the effectiveness of prevention, monitoring and control methods.
(2) Protocol. Within 90 days of the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990], the Task Force shall establish and follow a protocol to ensure that research activities carried out under this subtitle do not result in the introduction of aquatic nuisance species to waters of the United States.
(3) Grants for research. The Task Force shall allocate funds authorized under this Act for competitive research grants to study all aspects of aquatic nuisance species, which shall be administered through the National Sea Grant College Program and the Cooperative Fishery and Wildlife Research Units. Grants shall be conditioned to ensure that any recipient of funds follows the protocol established under paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(g) Technical Assistance. The Task Force shall, within the program developed under subsection (a), provide technical assistance to State and local governments and persons to minimize the environmental, public health, and safety risks associated with aquatic nuisance species, including an early warning system for advance notice of possible infestations and appropriate responses.
(h) Education. The Task Force shall, with the program developed under subsection (a), establish and implement educational programs through Sea Grant Marine Advisory Services and any other available resources that it determines to be appropriate to inform the general public, State governments, governments of political subdivisions of States, and industrial and recreational users of aquatic resources in connection with matters concerning the identification of aquatic nuisance species, and control methods for such species, including the prevention of the further distribution of such species.
(i) Zebra mussel demonstration program.
(iv) provision of technical assistance to regional, State and local entities to carry out this section.
(B) Public facility research and development. The Assistant Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force, shall develop a program of research, technology development, and demonstration for the environmentally sound control of zebra mussels in and around public facilities. The Assistant Secretary shall collect and make available, through publications and other appropriate means, information pertaining to such control methods.
(C) Voluntary guidelines. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subparagraph [enacted Oct. 26, 1996], the Task Force shall develop and submit to the Secretary voluntary guidelines for controlling the spread of the zebra mussel and, if appropriate, other aquatic nuisance species through recreational activities, including boating and fishing. Not later than 4 months after the date of such submission, and after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall issue voluntary guidelines that are based on the guidelines developed by the Task Force under this subparagraph.
(ii) adhere to research protocols developed pursuant to subsection (f)(2).
(B) Authorization of appropriations. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this paragraph, $ 500,000.
(A) In general. The Assistant Secretary, in consultation with the Task Force, shall investigate and identify environmentally sound methods for preventing and reducing the dispersal of aquatic nuisance species between the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence drainage and the Mississippi River drainage through the Chicago River Ship and Sanitary Canal, including any of those methods that could be incorporated into the operation or construction of the lock system of the Chicago River Ship and Sanitary Canal.
(ii) ways to incorporate those methods into ongoing operations of the United States Army Corps of Engineers that are conducted at the Chicago River Ship and Sanitary Canal.
(C) Authorization of appropriations. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of the Army such sums as are necessary to carry out the dispersal barrier demonstration project directed by this paragraph.
(4) Contributions. To the extent allowable by law, in carrying out the studies under paragraphs (2) and (3), the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Secretary of the Army may enter into an agreement with an interested party under which that party provides in kind or monetary contributions for the study.
(5) Technical assistance. The Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall provide technical assistance to appropriate entities to assist in the research conducted pursuant to this subsection.
(1) Regulations. The Director, the Secretary, and the Under Secretary may issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement this section.
(2) Participation of others. The Task Force shall provide opportunities for affected Federal agencies which are not part of the Task Force, State and local government agencies, and regional and other entities with the necessary expertise to participate in control programs. If these other agencies or entities have sufficient authority or jurisdiction and expertise and where this will be more efficient or effective, responsibility for implementing all or a portion of a control program may be delegated to such agencies or entities.
(1) Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990], the Task Force shall submit a report describing the program developed under subsection (a), including the research protocol required under subsection (f)(2), to the Congress.
(2) On an annual basis after the submission of the report under paragraph (1), the Task Force shall submit a report to the Congress detailing progress in carrying out this section.
(F) submit annually a report to the Task Force describing activities within the Great Lakes region related to aquatic nuisance species prevention, research, [and] control.
(2) Consultation. The Task Force shall request that the Great Lakes Fishery Commission provide information to the panel convened under this subsection on technical and policy matters related to the international fishery resources of the Great Lakes.
(3) Canadian participation. The panel convened under this subsection is encourage [encouraged] to invite representatives from the Federal, provincial or territorial governments of Canada to participate as observers.
(6) submit annually a report to the Task Force describing activities within the Western region related to aquatic nuisance species prevention, research, and control.
(2) cooperate with regional panels and similar entities that carry out the activities described in paragraph (1).
(a) State or interstate invasive species management plans.
(B) a public facility management plan to the Assistant Secretary for approval which is limited solely to identifying those public facilities within the State or within the interstate region involved for which technical and financial assistance is needed to reduce infestations of zebra mussels.
(D) a schedule of implementing the plan, including a schedule of annual objectives, and enabling legislation.
(A) In developing and implementing a management plan, the State or interstate organization should, to the maximum extent practicable, involve local governments and regional entities, Indian tribes, and public and private organizations that have expertise in the control of aquatic nuisance species.
(B) Upon the request of a State or the appropriate official of an interstate organization, the Task Force or the Assistant Secretary, as appropriate under paragraph (1), may provide technical assistance in developing and implementing a management plan.
(4) Plan approval. Within 90 days after the submission of a management plan, the Task Force or the Assistant Secretary in consultation with the Task Force, as appropriate under paragraph (1), shall review the proposed plan and approve it if it meets the requirements of this subsection or return the plan to the Governor or the interstate organization with recommended modifications.
(1) State grants. The Director may, at the recommendation of the Task Force, make grants to States with management plans approved under subsection (a) for the implementation of those plans.
(2) Application. An application for a grant under this subsection shall include an identification and description of the best management practices and measures which the State proposes to utilize in implementing an approved management plan with any Federal assistance to be provided under the grant.
(A) The Federal share of the cost of each comprehensive management plan implemented with Federal assistance under this section in any fiscal year shall not exceed 75 percent of the cost incurred by the State in implementing such management program and the non-Federal share of such costs shall be provided from non-Federal sources.
(B) The Federal share of the cost of each public facility management plan implemented with Federal assistance under this section in any fiscal year shall not exceed 50 percent of the cost incurred by the State in implementing such management program and the non-Federal share of such costs shall be provided from non-Federal sources.
(4) Adminisrative [Administrative] costs. For the purposes of this section, administrative costs for activities and programs carried out with a grant in any fiscal year shall not exceed 5 percent of the amount of the grant in that year.
(5) In-kind contributions. In addition to cash outlays and payments, in-kind contributions of property or personnel services by non-Federal interests for activities under this section may be used for the non-Federal share of the cost of those activities.
(c) Enforcement assistance. Upon request of a State or Indian tribe, the Director or the Under Secretary, to the extent allowable by law and in a manner consistent with section 141 of title 14, United States Code, may provide assistance to a State or Indian tribe in enforcing an approved State or interstate invasive species management plan.
All actions taken by Federal agencies in implementing the provisions of section 1202 [16 USCS § 4722] shall be consistent with all applicable Federal, State, and local environmental laws. Nothing in this title shall affect the authority of any State or political subdivision thereof to adopt or enforce control measures for aquatic nuisance species, or diminish or affect the jurisdiction of any State over species of fish and wildlife. Compliance with the control and eradication measures of any State or political subdivision thereof regarding aquatic nuisance species shall not relieve any person of the obligation to comply with the provisions of this subtitle [16 USCS §§ 4721 et seq.].
(a) Advice. The Task Force shall provide timely advice to the Secretary of State concerning aquatic nuisance species that infest waters shared with other countries.
(b) Negotiations. The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Task Force, is encouraged to initiate negotiations with the governments of foreign countries concerning the planning and implementation of prevention, monitoring, research, education, and control programs related to aquatic nuisance species infesting shared water resources.
Within one year of the date of enactment of this Act [enacted Nov. 29, 1990], the Task Force shall, in consultation with State fish and wildlife agencies, other regional, State and local entities, potentially affected industries and other interested parties, identify and evaluate approaches for reducing the risk of adverse consequences associated with intentional introduction of aquatic organisms and submit a report of their findings, conclusions and recommendations to the Congress.
The Task Force shall, within the program developed under subsection (a), undertake a comprehensive, environmentally sound program in coordination with regional, territorial, State and local entities to control the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) in Guam and other areas where the species is established outside of its historic range.
(B) $ 500,000 to the Secretary to carry out section 1102(f) [16 USCS § 4712(f)].
(6) $ 300,000 to the Department of the Interior, to be used by the Director to fund regional panels and similar entities under section 1203 [16 USCS § 4723], of which $ 100,000 shall be used to fund activities of the Great Lakes Commission.
(c) Grants for State management programs. There are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2002 $ 4,000,000 to the Department of the Interior, to be used by the Director for making grants under section 1204 [16 USCS § 4724], of which $ 1,500,000 shall be used by the Director, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary, for management of aquatic nuisance vegetation species.
(d) Intentional introductions policy review. There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1991, $ 500,000 to the Director and the Under Secretary to conduct the intentional introduction policy review under section 1207 [16 USCS § 4727].
(e) Ballast water management demonstration program. There are authorized to be appropriated $ 2,500,000 to carry out section 1104 [16 USCS § 4714].
(f) Research. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director $ 1,000,000 to carry out research on the prevention, monitoring, and control of aquatic nuisance species in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The funds shall be made available for use by the Department of Environmental Management of the State of Rhode Island.
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Council on Environmental Quality, is encouraged to enter into negotiations with the governments of Canada and Mexico to provide for reciprocal cooperative environmental impact analysis of major Federal actions which have significant transboundary effects on the quality of the human environment in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

References: § 60105
 § 4711
 § 4741
 § 4722
 § 4712
 § 4723
 § 4724
 § 4727
 § 4714