Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/234/619/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 02:27:22+00:00

Document:
Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 234 › Moore-Mansfield Constr. Co. v. Electrical Co.
and scope of a state statute amount to an impairment of the obligation of a contract.
Courts of the United States are courts of independent jurisdiction, and when a question arises in a United States court as to the effect of a change of decision which detrimentally affects contracts, rights, and obligations entered into before such change, such right and obligations should be determined by the law as judicially construed at the time the rights accrued.
Federal courts in such a case, while leaning to the view of the state court in regard to the validity or the interpretation of a statute, should exercise an independent judgment, and not necessarily follow state decisions rendered subsequently to the arising of the contract rights involved.
Where the district court errs in following later decisions of the state court, rather than those rendered prior to the making of the contract, the error may be corrected by the circuit court of appeals or by this Court under writ of certiorari, but not by direct appeal to this Court.
A change in decision of the state court in reference to the scope of a state statute held in this case not to be a law impairing the obligation of a contract.
The facts, which involve the jurisdiction of this Court of direct appeals from the district court under § 247, Judicial Code, are stated in the opinion.
The primary question concerns the jurisdiction of this Court to entertain this as a direct appeal from the district court.
Indiana corporation, had been impounded, its debts ascertained, and the order of payment determined. Among the creditors proving their debts were some claiming liens. One was the Marion Trust Company, trustee under a general mortgage securing an issue of mortgage bonds. Another creditor was this appellant, the Moore-Mansfield Construction Company. That company had, under contract with the traction company, constructed a part of its line of railway, and for the balance of its debt claimed a lien upon its property. The decree from which this appeal was taken gave priority to the mortgage and denied to appellant any lien upon the property of the traction company, and adjudged that its debt as fixed should be paid ratably out of the funds applicable to the payment of general debts.
"The precise controversy presented by the record is: (a) has the construction company a valid, subsisting, enforceable mechanics' lien under the laws of Indiana upon the railway property of the traction company? (b) is such lien senior and paramount to the lien of the trust deed or mortgage given to secure the outstanding bonds?"
The defense asserted to the mechanics' lien was that there was no statute giving to a contractor for railway construction a lien upon the railway property, and, second, if there existed any such lien, the construction company, for the purpose of giving security to the holders of the construction bonds, had expressly covenanted and agreed to waive and forego whatever right or rights it might have had at the time of the execution of its contract, or which it might thereafter acquire, to claim a lien against the property of the railway company under the laws of the State of Indiana.
mechanics' lien against any of the property of said defendant traction company in the hands of the receiver of this court or elsewhere, if any, nor against the proceeds thereof, and that no such lien exists."
Thus, it is not clear whether the lien asserted was denied because of the waiver referred to, or because the statute of Indiana of March 6, 1883, being the statute under which the lien was claimed, did not embrace contractors. Appellant moved the court to amend the decree so as to make it more specific by stating whether it had no lien because, under the law of Indiana, a contractor could acquire no such lien, or because it had waived its right to any such lien, as contended by the appellee. This motion was denied. We shall assume for the purpose of this case that the lien was denied upon the first ground stated, and upon that basis determine whether the case is one which can come direct to this Court.
the mechanics lien statute, secure liens, and second that the subsequent change of decision by which that court held that contractors were not included in the mechanics' lien law constituted a law which impaired the obligation of its contract within the meaning of the contract clause of the Constitution of the United States. It therefore assigns as error the action of the court below in not declaring the rights of appellant to be as they existed under the line of judicial decisions at the time such rights accrued.
the railway of the traction company. Curiously enough, the Supreme Court of Indiana has, pending this appeal, retracted the construction it placed upon the Act of 1883, and has held that contractors are within the intent and meaning of the act. Moore-Mansfield Constr. Co. v. Indianapolis &c. Railway, 179 Ind. 536. But a change in the opinion of a court as to the proper construction or scope of statute law of a state is not within Article I, § 10, of the Constitution of the United States, which provides that "no state shall . . . pass any bill of attainder,ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts." That provision is a restraint upon the legislative power of the state, and, as was said by this Court, "it concerns the making of laws, not their construction by the courts. It has been so regarded from the beginning." Ross v. Oregon, 227 U. S. 150, 227 U. S. 161. There had been no subsequent legislation which in anywise affected liens of contractors.
It has been many times decided that a writ of error will not lie from this Court to a state court under § 709, Revised Statutes, on the ground that the obligation of a contract has been impaired by a change in the decision of the court in respect to the meaning and scope of a statute the validity of which has not been denied.
when an act admitted to be valid had been misconstrued by the court."
Central Land Company v. Laidley, 159 U. S. 103, 159 U. S. 109; see also Bacon v. Texas, 163 U. S. 207, 163 U. S. 220; Loeb v. Columbia Township, 179 U. S. 479, 179 U. S. 493; National Mutual &c. Assn. v. Brahan, 193 U. S. 635. If, therefore, a mere change of decision by a state court in respect of the meaning and scope of a state statute, not claimed to be invalid or repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, does not constitute an impairment of a contract within the meaning of the contract clause of the Constitution, it must follow that a case otherwise within the jurisdiction of a district court of the United States, and reviewable in the circuit court of appeals, is not a case which may come direct to this Court merely because, in the course of the case, a question arises touching the effect of such a change of decision upon the rights of the parties.
Courts of the United States are courts of independent jurisdiction, and when a question arises in a United States court as to the effect of a change in decision which detrimentally affects contract rights and obligations entered into before such change, such rights and obligations should be determined by the law as judicially determined at the time the rights accrued. In every such case, the federal courts, while leaning to the view of the state court as to the validity or interpretation of a law of the state, will exercise an independent judgment, and will not necessarily follow state judicial decisions rendered subsequently. Burgess v. Seligman, 107 U. S. 20, 107 U. S. 33; Loeb v. Columbia Township, supra.
numerous. Some of them are: Folsom v. Ninety-six, 159 U. S. 611, 159 U. S. 624; Loeb v. Columbia Township supra; Jones v. Great Southern Hotel Company, 86 F. 370, affirmed by this Court in 183 U. S. 193 U.S. 532. If the district court erred in following the later decision of the Indiana court, the error could have been corrected by the circuit court of appeals, and the judgment of the latter court might be reviewed by this Court under a writ of certiorari. The cases of Folsom v. Township Ninety-six and Jones v. Great Southern Hotel Company, supra, reached this Court through the circuit court of appeals, one by a certified request for an instruction and the other by certiorari.
The right to bring the case to this Court from the district court by a direct appeal depended upon the question whether the decree denying to appellant the lien it claimed under the law of Indiana "necessarily and directly involved the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States." Empire &c. Mining Co. v. Hanley, 205 U. S. 225, 205 U. S. 232. The change of decision in respect of the scope of the Indiana statutes was not a law of the state impairing the obligation of the contract, which is the only basis for the claim that the case is one which involved the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States. We are therefore precluded from an examination of the merits of the case, Cosmopolitan Min. Co. v. Walsh, 193 U. S. 460; Knop v. Monongahela &c. Co., 211 U. S. 485, and the appeal must be dismissed.

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