Source: https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Belarus
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 04:54:25+00:00

Document:
U.S. Dept. of State, Background Notes: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5371.htm, last accessed Mar. 18, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2012, ACT 50/001/2012, Apr. 9, 2013. U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/23/52, Apr. 18, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Belarus: After death, the cruelty continues as bodies of two executed men still hidden, http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/belarus-after-death-cruelty-continues-bodies-two-executed-men-still-hidden, Mar. 14, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Belarus: Man Sentenced to Death in Belarus, www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR49/009/2013/en/b689a9f1-1e39-4b0a-a522-9c38d5f31d8d/eur490092013en.html, Jun. 27, 2013.
 U.S. Dept. of State, Background Notes: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5371.htm, last accessed Mar. 18, 2012 (population as of Nov. 1, 2011).
 Radio Free Europe, Belarus Executes Two Convicted Murderers, Prompting EU Criticism, https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-executes-convicted-murderer-rights-group-says/29625746.html, Nov. 28, 2018.
 Radio Free Europe, EU Calls On Belarus To Abolish Death Penalty After Latest Sentencing, https://www.rferl.org/a/eu-calls-on-belarus-to-abolish-death-penalty-after-latest-sentencing/29705162.html, Jan. 11, 2019.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2017, p. 4, ACT 50/7955/2018, Apr. 12, 2018.
 Amnesty International, Death sentences and executions in 2016, ACT 50/5740/2017, Apr. 11, 2017. See e.g. European Union External Action, Statement by the Spokesperson on the execution of Syarhey Iwanow and of the confirmation of the death sentence against Sergei Khmelevsky, http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160507_01_en.htm, May 7, 2016. Amnesty International, Belarus: Three sudden executions point to shameful purge of death row, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/11/belarus-three-executions-feared-in-as-many-weeks-amid-sudden-and-shameful-purge-of-death-row/, Nov. 30, 2016.
 DPW Executions and Death Sentences Monitor..
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2014, ACT 50/001/2015, Mar. 31, 2015. AFP, Belarus executes convicted murderer: rights group, Global Post, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140418/belarus-executes-convicted-murderer-rights-group, Apr. 18, 2014. Radio Free Europe, Convicted Murderer Reportedly Executed in Belarus, http://www.rferl.org/content/convicted-murderer-reportedly-executed-in-belarus/25384294.html, May 14, 2014. Radio Free Europe, Rights group says convict executed in Belarus, http://www.rferl.org/content/belarus-execution-rights/26673807.html, Nov. 4, 2014.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2009, p. 18, ACT 50/001/2010, Mar. 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2007, p. 6, ACT 50/001/2008, Mar. 9, 2010.
 Radio Free Europe, EU, Council Of Europe Condemn New Executions In Belarus, Call For Moratorium, https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-eu-council-of-europe-condemn-new-executions-call-for-moratorium/29259839.html, May 30, 2018. Radio Free Europe, Belarus Executes Two Convicted Murderers, Prompting EU Criticism, https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-executes-convicted-murderer-rights-group-says/29625746.html, Nov. 28, 2018.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 139(2)(1-16), 362, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 59(1), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 122(2), 124(2), 126, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 43, 62, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 124(2), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 126, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 289, 359, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 360(2), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 134, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 357(2), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 356(2), 257(3), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 135(1,3), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 122(2), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 128, 181, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59(1), 127, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 1(2), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 59(1), 2009; Amnesty Intl., Republic of Belarus: Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/belarus/report-2009, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Republic of Belarus: Report 2011, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/belarus/report-2011#section-13-3, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 30, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 30, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012; Michael Schwirtz, Belarussian Is Executed Over Attack on Subway, p. A14, The New York Times, Mar. 18, 2012; Michael Schwirtz, Belarus Censured for Executing 2 in Subway Bombing, p. A3, The New York Times, Mar. 19, 2012; Telegraf.by, Konovalov Shot Down as Well, http://telegraf.by/en/2012/03/konovalova-toje-rasstrelyali, Mar. 17, 2012.
 BelTA, Samoseiko: Belarus rejects pressure concerning death penalty, news.belta.by/en/news/society?id=718981, Jun. 21, 2013.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 59.2(1), 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 59.2(2), 93, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 92, 2009.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 59.2(3), 2009.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Second Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 1642 U.N.T.S. 414, Dec. 15, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012.
 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 24, 1994.
 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 8, 1994.
 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 10, 1994.
 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 11, 1994.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/23/52, Apr. 18, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries, last accessed Mar.25, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2010, p. 5, ACT 50/001/2011, Mar. 28, 2011; Michael Schwirtz, Belarussian Is Executed Over Attack on Subway, p. A14, The New York Times, Mar. 18, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Republic of Belarus: Report 2009, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/belarus/report-2009, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Republic of Belarus: Report 2008, http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/belarus/report-2008, last accessed Mar. 25, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Amnesty International to Belarusian President: Thou Shall Not Kill, http://humanrightshouse.org/Articles/12095.html, Oct. 10, 2009; Amnesty Intl., Imminent Execution in Belarus Must be Stopped, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,AMNESTY,,BLR,4562d8b62,4acddf27c,0.html, Oct. 7, 2009; Nonviolent Radical Party, Transnational and Transparty NGO, They wanted me to confess more cases, but I said they should stop earning points on me, Viasna, http://www.radicalparty.org/en/content/they-wanted-me-confess-more-cases-i-said-they-should-stop-earning-points-me, Oct. 12, 2009 (statements of Vasil Yuzepchuk concerning his interrogation); The Human Rights Center, Death Penalty: News in Vasil Yuzepchuk's Case, http://spring96.org/en/news/30338, Nov. 16, 2009; AP, Gypsy Laborer Faces Execution in Belarus, ICARE, http://www.icare.to/news.php?en/2009-10, Oct. 13, 2009; David Sophrin, Belarusian Laborer Alleges He was Tortured into Murder Confession, Impunity Watch, Europe, http://impunitywatch.com/index.php?s=Belarusian+Laborer+, Oct. 14, 2009; Amnesty International Condemns Belarusian Firing Squad, RIA Novosti, http://en.rian.ru/world/20100322/158281311.html, Mar. 22, 2010.
 Decision No. 3-171/2004 of the Constitutional Court on the Compliance of the provisions of the Criminal Code on the Abolition of Death Penalty to the Constitution and the International Treaties ratified by the Republic of Belarus, of Mar. 11, 2004, available at http://www.kc.gov.by/en/main.aspx?guid=4363, last accessed Mar. 21, 2012 (English translation by the Court); Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 24, 1994.
 The National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic of Belarus, http://law.by/work/EnglPortal.nsf%5CRazdely/07?OpenDocument#Databank%20%22Judicial%20Practice%22, last accessed Mar. 15, 2010; Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, arts. 112-116, 1994.
 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, art. 59(3), 2009.
 Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, art. 84(19), 1994.
 Presidential Decree No. 250 “On the introduction of the regulation of provisions for pardoning procedure in the Republic of Belarus”, Dec. 3, 1994 (cited in the O.S.C.E.’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area: Background Paper 2011, p. 8, n. 27, http://www.osce.org/odihr/82896, 2011); Michael Schwirtz, Belarussian Is Executed Over Attack on Subway, p. A14, The New York Times, Mar. 18, 2012.
 US State Dept., Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, 2009 Human Rights Report: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eur/136021.htm, Mar. 11, 2010; Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus of 17.04.2001 No. D-114/2001, On procedure of formation of panel of People's assessors, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus, No. D-114/2001, 2001; U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including Questions of: Independence of the Judiciary, Administration of Justice, Impunity, U.N. Doc E/CN.4/2001/65/Add.1, Feb. 8, 2001.
 Amnesty Intl., Belarus Man Loses Death Sentence Appeal, http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/belarus-man-loses-death-sentence-appeal-20091029, Oct. 29, 2009.
In practice, defendants are required to prove their innocence, and defendants are sometimes not permitted or given the opportunity to attend proceedings, confront witnesses, or present their own evidence. Capital adjudication is sometimes arbitrary, with some capital defendants receiving lenient or negligible sentences for brutal, premeditated and not legally justified murders, with others receiving death sentences despite compelling evidence of coerced confessions and inferior capacity.
 Intl. Federation for Human Rights, Conditions of Detention in the Republic of Belarus, No. 500/2, Sep. 2, 2008.
 Intl. Federation for Human Rights, Conditions of Detention in the Republic of Belarus, No. 500/2, Sep. 2, 2008; U.N. Committee Against Torture, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture: Belarus, para. 27, CAT/C/BLR/CO/4, Dec. 7, 2011; Amnesty Intl., Belarus Man Loses Death Sentence Appeal, http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/belarus-man-loses-death-sentence-appeal-20091029, Oct. 29, 2009; Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, pp. 7, 30, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eur/136021.htm, Mar. 11, 2010; U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including the Questions of Torture and Detention, paras. 39-57, E/CN.4/2005/6/Add.3, Nov. 25, 2004; Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus, 2009; Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus of 17.04.2001 No. D-114/2001, On procedure of formation of panel of People's assessors, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus, No. D-114/2001, 2001; Amnesty Intl., Belarus Man Loses Death Sentence Appeal, http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/belarus-man-loses-death-sentence-appeal-20091029, Oct. 29, 2009; Radio Free Europe, Four Belarusians get Lenient Sentences in "Vigilante" Case, http://www.rferl.org/content/G119Four_Belarusians_Get_Lenient_Sentences_In_Vigilante_Case/1608670.html, Apr. 14, 2009; AP, Gypsy Laborer Faces Execution in Belarus, ICARE, http://www.icare.to/news.php?en/2009-10, Oct. 13, 2009; U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including Questions of: Independence of the Judiciary, Administration of Justice, Impunity, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/65/Add.1, Feb. 8, 2001; U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Committee Against Torture, Concluding Observations of the Committee Against Torture: Belarus, para. 45, U.N. Doc. A/56/44, Nov. 20, 2000 (discussing torture, prison conditions and the lack of an independent judiciary and procuracy).
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eur/136021.htm, Mar. 11, 2010; U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including the Questions of Torture and Detention, paras. 39-57, E/CN.4/2005/6/Add.3, Nov. 25, 2004.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Belarus, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/eur/136021.htm, Mar. 11, 2010.
 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1857 (2012), The situation in Belarus, Jan. 25, 2012; European Parliament, Death penalty in Belarus, in particular the cases of Dzmitry Kanavalau and Uladzislau Kavalyou, P7_TA(2012)0063, Feb. 16, 2012; European Union, Statement by the Spokesperson of High Representative Catherine Ashton on the execution of Uladzislaw Kavalyow in Belarus, A 129/12, Mar. 17, 2012; OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. President Efthymiou calls for halting of death penalty in Belarus, http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=29842c1c8782f1a5cc6f1ee42&id=3ae9bdde06&e=2d823a2dd7, Mar. 16, 2012; Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 30, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012; Michael Schwirtz, Belarussian Is Executed Over Attack on Subway, p. A14, The New York Times, Mar. 18, 2012; Michael Schwirtz, Belarus Censured for Executing 2 in Subway Bombing, p. A3, The New York Times, Mar. 19, 2012; Telegraf.by, Konovalov Shot Down as Well, http://telegraf.by/en/2012/03/konovalova-toje-rasstrelyali, Mar. 17, 2012.
 Human Rights Watch, Belarus : One Year On, Still Waiting For Justice, www.hrw.org/news/2012/08/02/belarus-one-year-still-waiting-justice, Aug. 2, 2012. Amnesty Intl., Belarus: Still Behind Bars: The Plight of Long-Term Prisoners In Belarus, www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR49/013/2012/en/0292c5a2-b1ca-460d-adb3-534b89417eee/eur490132012en.html, Aug. 2, 2012.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Schedko v. Belarus, Communication No. 886/1999, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/77/D/886/1999, Apr. 28, 2003. U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Staselovich v. Belarus, Communication No. 887/1999, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/77/D/887/1999, Apr. 28, 2003. Amnesty Intl., Belarus Man Loses Death Sentence Appeal, http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/belarus-man-loses-death-sentence-appeal-20091029, Oct. 29, 2009. ICCPR, art. 7, U.N. Doc. 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Kovaleva v. Belarus, Communication No. 2120/2011, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/106/D/2120/2011, Nov. 27, 2012.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, para. 44, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/23/52, Apr. 18, 2013.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, para. 44, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/23/52, Apr. 18, 2013. U.N. News Centre, UN human rights panel deplores Belarus execution, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=41581&Cr=Belarus&Cr1=#, Mar. 19, 2012.
 Among others, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1727 (2010), Situation in Belarus: recent developments, Apr. 29, 2010 (regretting that developments in Belarus show lack of progress towards Council of Europe standards and lack of political will to embrace Council of Europe values); Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1807 (2011), The death penalty in Council of Europe member and observer states: a violation of human rights, Apr. 14, 2011; Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1857 (2012), The situation in Belarus, Jan. 25, 2012.
 Among others, European Parliament, Resolution on Belarus, P7_TA(2009)0117, Dec. 17, 2009 (calling on the Government of Belarus immediately to establish a moratorium on all death sentences and executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and to commute without delay the sentences of all prisoners currently on death row to terms of imprisonment); European Parliament, Death penalty in Belarus, in particular the cases of Dzmitry Kanavalau and Uladzislau Kavalyou, P7_TA(2012)0063, Feb. 16, 2012.
 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1671 (2009), Situation in Belarus, Jun. 23, 2009.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention, Situation of Human Rights in Belarus, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/23/L.18, Jun. 7, 2013.
 UNOG, United Nations Rights Expert Deplores Human Rights Violations in Belarus, Urges Co-operation, http://www.unog.ch/unog/website/news_media.nsf/(httpNewsByYear_en)/B7CF586F67FE14D3C1257B8A00378D31?OpenDocument, Jun. 14, 2013.
 U.N. Committee Against Torture, Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention, Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture: Belarus, para. 27, CAT/C/BLR/CO/4, Dec. 7, 2011.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Belarus, paras. 98.16 - 98.17, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/15/16, Jun. 21, 2010.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Belarus - Addendum, paras. 44-48, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/15/16/Add.1, Sep. 15, 2010.
 U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Belarus, paras. 53-54, 97.23, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/15/16, Jun. 21, 2010.
Law.by is the national legal internet portal for Belarus, and a useful indicator of current legislative and executive developments in Belarus.
For a thorough review of the human rights violations which occurred during one capital case, see the U.N. Human Rights Committee’s Communication on the case of Vladislav Kovalev, executed in 2012 for his participation in bombing a metro station in Minsk, available at: U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Kovaleva v. Balrus, Communication No. 2120/2011, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/106/D/2120/2011, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/482/78/PDF/G1248278.pdf?OpenElement, Nov. 27, 2012.
Belarus is the only retentionist country in Europe. It is also the only country in Europe which is not a member of the Council of Europe, and thus not a State Party to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or any of its Protocols. International organizations like the Council of Europe,  the European Union  and the Organization for Cooperation and Security in Europe,  along with human rights groups, have continuously urged Belarus to abolish the death penalty and to ensure respect for the right to a fair trial and other fundamental rights. However, Belarus continues to apply and to execute death sentences, undermining the credibility of its professed willingness to engage in the development of political dialogue with Europe.
 U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including the Questions of Torture and Detention, paras. 44-47, 58-65, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2005/6/Add.3, Nov. 25, 2004 (discussing use of executive control of licensing, detention and prosecution for the silencing of disfavored attorneys, journalists, activists, and non-governmental organizations); U.N. ECOSOC Commn. on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including Questions of: Independence of the Judiciary, Administration of Justice, Impunity, paras. 66-83, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/65/Add.1, Feb. 8, 2001 (discussing executive targeting of disfavored attorneys); U.N.G.A. Human Rights Committee, Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 Entitled "Human Rights Council," Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus, A/HRC/4/16, Jan. 15, 2007 (requesting investigations into the disappearances and murders of journalists and politicians and calling for international funding to address the need for human rights promotion in Belarus); Belarus: Threat to Close Lone Human Rights Group, Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/01/30/belarus-threat-close-lone-human-rights-group, Jan. 30, 2007; Human Rights Center “Viasna”, Statement by members of the Human Rights Center “Viasna” on the sentence to Ales Bialiatski, http://spring96.org/en/news/47644, Nov. 24, 2011; International Federation for Human Rights, Outrage and indignation: FIDH Vice-President, Ales Bialiatski, sentenced to 4 and a half years imprisonment under strict regime, http://www.fidh.org/Outrage-and-indignation-FIDH-Vice, Nov. 24, 2011.
 Among others, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1671 (2009), Situation in Belarus, Jun. 23, 2009 (the Assembly voted to restore Special Guest Status to the Belarusian Parliament, on the condition that Belarus declare a moratorium on the imposition of the death penalty); Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1727 (2010), Situation in Belarus: recent developments, Apr. 29, 2010 (regretting that developments in Belarus show lack of progress towards Council of Europe standards and lack of political will to embrace Council of Europe values); Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1807 (2011), The death penalty in Council of Europe member and observer states: a violation of human rights, Apr. 14, 2011; Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 1857 (2012), The situation in Belarus, Jan. 25, 2012.
 Among others, European Parliament, Resolution on Belarus, P7_TA(2009)0117, Dec. 17, 2009 (calling on the Government of Belarus immediately to establish a moratorium on all death sentences and executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty and to commute without delay the sentences of all prisoners currently on death row to terms of imprisonment); European Parliament, Death penalty in Belarus, in particular the cases of Dzmitry Kanavalau and Uladzislau Kavalyou, P7_TA(2012)0063, Feb. 16, 2012; European Union, Statement by the Spokesperson of High Representative Catherine Ashton on the execution of Uladzislaw Kavalyow in Belarus, A 129/12, Mar. 17, 2012.
 OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution on the Death Penalty, adopted at the nineteenth annual session in Oslo, Jul. 6-10, 2010; OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. President Efthymiou calls for halting of death penalty in Belarus, http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/?u=29842c1c8782f1a5cc6f1ee42&id=3ae9bdde06&e=2d823a2dd7, Mar. 16, 2012.

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