Source: https://portal.stpi.narl.org.tw/index/article/10195
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 10:54:47+00:00

Document:
註一：美國最高法院在Addington v. Texas案判決列出三種證據證明度（standard of proof）要求，包括「超越合理懷疑」（beyond a reasonable doubt）、「明白且令人信服證據」、「優勢證據」（preponderance of the evidence）等，並闡述證據證明度要求之功能在於告知，其說明在特定種類案件之審判中，社會通念認為就該案件事實做出判斷者，其對於其所做出結論正確性應具備的信心水準，而不同證據證明度所代表的便是，就做出錯誤判斷之風險承擔的不同分配以及對最終決定重要性之不同認知。前述判決進一步說明，超越合理懷疑之證據證明度適用於刑事案件，其要盡可能排除所有錯誤判斷，並且將做出錯誤判斷的風險由社會承擔；在一般涉及金錢利益的民事審判中採用優勢證據之證據證明度要求，代表著社會通念對於其結果不甚關切，而訴訟雙方當事人應平等分攤做出錯誤判斷之風險；而在民事審判的案件中採用明白且令人信服證據之證據證明度時，其通常是基於該案件所涉權益較金錢損失更為重大、或者該案件涉及應受保護之特定個人重要權益。Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418, 424-425 (1979).
Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership, 564 U. S. ____, 131 S.Ct. 2238, 2242 (2011).
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Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418, 423 (1979).

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