Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-6-4-404
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 22:18:35+00:00

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The development of ultimate microcavity lasers requires precise engineering of the gain medium. Of particular interest are microlasers based on discrete gain centers, which are aligned to the field maximum of the cavity mode to maximize the modal gain. Here, we report on micropillar lasers with a gain medium composed of site-controlled quantum dots (SCQDs). Adjusting the size of a buried stressor, we define the number of high-quality SCQDs located at the antinode of the fundamental cavity mode. Our deterministic nanoprocessing platform allows us to tightly control the emission properties of high-β microlasers operating in the few-QD regime.
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Fig. 1. (a) Top side: spectra at low (black trace) and higher (red trace) excitation powers of the micropillar with a diameter of 5.2 μm and an aperture diameter of 1400 nm. Bottom part: derivative (only positive values) of the low-power spectrum. The noise band is marked by a blue line, and identified SCQD lines are marked by red arrows. (b) Number of SCQDs as a function of the aperture diameter of micropillars with a diameter of 5.2 μm. Two excitonic emission lines (i.e., exciton and biexciton) per SCQD are assumed. Insets: schematic illustration of a micropillar structure (top) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a fully fabricated micropillar (bottom). (c) Spectral distribution of the SCQD emission lines for all investigated micropillars. For the sake of clarity, the corresponding aperture diameters are subdivided into three groups: 700–950 nm (black bars), 950–1200 nm (red bars), and 1200–1400 nm (blue bars). Inset: wavelength of the fundamental pillar mode as a function of the aperture diameter. The fundamental mode experiences lower lateral light confinement and red-shifts with increasing aperture diameter . (d) Number of the SCQD emission lines as a function of spectral detuning from the fundamental cavity mode for micropillars with an aperture diameter of 975 nm (pillar 2, blue bars) and 1250 nm (pillar 4, red bars).
Fig. 2. (a) Input–output curves of the strong mode and the weak mode of a micropillar with an oxide aperture diameter of 975 nm. The input–output curve of the strong mode is approximated using the rate equations model from . Inset: spectra of both modes taken at a pump power of 5.2 mW. (b) Linewidth of the strong mode and the weak mode as a function of the input power. The spectral resolution limit is indicated with a dashed horizontal line. (c) Excitation power-dependent autocorrelation values g(2)(τ=0) for the strong mode and for the weak mode. Inset: autocorrelation histograms recorded from the strong mode at 5.1 mW (blue, below threshold) and 6.2 mW (black, above threshold), respectively. The corresponding working points are marked with arrows. Black squares and red circles in (a)–(c) correspond to the strong mode and the weak mode, respectively.
Fig. 3. (a) Input–output curves, (b) power-dependent emission linewidth, and (c) g(2)(τ=0) for the micropillars 1–4 with respective oxide aperture diameters of 780 nm (black), 975 nm (blue), 1115 nm (olive), and 1250 nm (red). The threshold power for each micropillar is marked with a dashed line of its respective color.
Fig. 4. (a) Measured (black triangles) and simulated (blue rhombuses) Q-factor as a function of the aperture diameter. Inset: simulated Q-factor in a wider aperture range. (b) Γ-factor (black squares) and the threshold pump power (red circles) as a function of the aperture diameter. The horizontal dashed line refers to the Γ-factor of a micropillar with a diameter of 5.2 μm randomly distributed QDs with a density of 109/cm2. The vertical dashed line separates the micropillars exhibiting transition to lasing (aperture diameters from 700 nm to 1200 nm) from the non-lasing ones.

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