Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol7/pp273-295
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 15:52:23+00:00

Document:
THE town and seaside resort of Hornsea, 20 km. NNE. of Hull, lies between the waters of Hornsea mere and the sea. (fn. 1) The medieval town had some importance as a market centre, partly based on fishing and seaborne trade. The market town stood close by the end of the mere, with the seafaring settlement of Hornsea Beck further east; there were outlying hamlets inland at Northorpe and Southorpe and near the sea to the south at Hornsea Burton. The sites of Hornsea Beck and Hornsea Burton were later eroded by the sea, and the other hamlets were also depopulated. The establishment of a seaside resort began in the early 19th century and was quickened by the opening of a railway line from Hull in 1864, which from the first attracted commuters as well as visitors. In 1873 Hornsea was described as 'the quaintest mixture of a small country town and a callow sea bathing place. The better half of it is ... little more than a marine suburb of Hull'. (fn. 2) Those contrasting elements in its character were never lost.
The main street of the old town, running roughly parallel to the shore of the mere, comprises Westgate, Market Place, and Southgate, the first recorded in 1539 and the last in the 1480s. (fn. 27) Behind the west side of the street lie Back Westgate, Mere Side, and Back Southgate, and several small lanes run from the street to join them, including Chambers Lane, Hillerby Lane, and Mere Walk, formerly Strait Lane. Before the inclosure of the common in 1809, the back lane extended to the Hatfield road. From the opposite side of the main street Eastgate and Newbegin, the latter recorded in the 1480s, (fn. 28) lead towards the sea. The cul-de-sac known as Football Green, on the east side of Southgate, takes its name from ground mentioned in 1539. (fn. 29) Access to the sea shore was formerly provided only by Eastgate and its continuation Sea Road or Sands Lane (later part of Eastgate), which was given a straight new course at inclosure in 1809. Newbegin crossed Sands Lane, and in 1809 a continuation of it northwards was set out as Cliff Lane or Road. (fn. 30) It was not until 1848 that New Road was made from Newbegin to the sea front. (fn. 31) A medieval cross stood in Market Place until the mid 19th century, when it was moved to Southorpe Hill Farm. (fn. 32) In 1898, after eight cottages adjoining the churchyard had been demolished as an improvement to com memorate the Diamond Jubilee, the cross was placed in the churchyard; (fn. 33) it has been restored with a new top. A second medieval cross stands beside Southgate. Since the late 19th century Newbegin has replaced Market Place as the shopping and service centre of the town.
Of the roads leading out of the parish the chief is that which runs westwards beside the mere to Seaton and on towards Beverley; parts of it are carried over the lowest ground by causeways. (fn. 34) Other roads lead northwards to Atwick and Bewholme and southwards to Hatfield and Rolston. Until inclosure in 1809 the Bewholme road left the Atwick road on the edge of the town. (fn. 35) The roads to Atwick and Rolston were later upgraded as parts of the main Holderness coast road, and that to Hatfield, formerly called Lelley Lane, became part of the main road to Hull. From the Rolston road the former Mill Lane (later Burton Lane and Hornsea Burton Road) leads to the sea.
The surviving early houses are of the 17th century and are mostly single-storeyed with attics. (fn. 63) The walls are generally of boulders, with brick used sparingly for offsets, dressings, and tucked gables. (fn. 64) A full upper storey occurs only rarely, (fn. 65) and, as with single-storeyed houses of brick, (fn. 66) may be an indication of a later, that is early 18th-century, date. A feature of the older parts of the town is the use of boulders for garth walls, which often survive although the houses have been rebuilt in the 19th century.
In the earlier 19th century most of the new building in the town took the form of infilling with small houses and cottages in the existing streets. (fn. 67) At the same time several larger houses were built, one or two of them by Hull businessmen as country residences. Ivy Lodge, in Eastgate, was built between 1819 and 1831 by George Green of Hornsea. (fn. 68) Close by in Eastgate, Hornsea House, later called the Hall, was built in 1845–6 by John Wade (d. 1850), a Hull merchant. (fn. 69) The house, now demolished, was designed by Charles Hutchinson of Hull; only its later 19th-century entrance lodges remain. (fn. 70) Another house in Eastgate, formerly known as Holme Lea and the Lair and later as Burnside, was probably built by William Conway of Hornsea c. 1800 and enlarged after 1806 by William Whitehead of Hornsea, who sold it in 1819 to William Gibson (d. 1820), a Hull shipbuilder; it may have been rebuilt by Gibson's son Edward (d. 1859) and refronted later. (fn. 71) In Newbegin three houses were built in 1805 by John Bedell, a Hull customs officer. (fn. 72) One of them was sold in 1815 to John Marshall (d. 1825), a Hull shipowner, who lived there before moving to another Hornsea House, in Southgate, which he built after 1819. (fn. 73) Another of the houses built by Bedell was sold in 1829 to William Bettison, a Hull brewer, who built a folly tower in the garden and kept the house until 1853. (fn. 74) Also in Newbegin a house called Marine Villa was built by Thomas E. Collinson of Hull between 1806 and 1813. It was sold in 1827 to George Goodwin (d. 1850), a Hull merchant. Close by Goodwin built Swiss Terrace (fn. 75) (nos. 90–100 Newbegin) in a Swiss chalet style.
Between 1890 and 1908 most of the new building took place in existing streets. (fn. 111) In the older part of the town it included several terraces of small houses in Mill Lane, Mount Pleasant, and Eastgate View. St. Bede's College, on the Atwick road, was built in 1895 by Henry Elsom. (fn. 112) Near the sea, several new streets were also laid out, like Victoria Avenue, near the Marine Hotel, Carlton and Carrington Avenues and Clifford Street, on the west side of Cliff Road, and Belvedere Park. The more noteworthy new houses include the ornate terraces forming nos. 59–69 Eastgate, nos. 4–14 Esplanade, and nos. 1–8 Victoria Avenue, which were built c. 1900 by T. B. Holmes and G. L. Scott, a Hull builder. (fn. 113) The children's convalescent home in Cliff Road was built in 1908. (fn. 114) Off the Rolston road, a long terrace of small houses was built in Marlborough Avenue, alongside the existing terrace of Brickyard Cottages.
The houses built in the later 19th century show considerable variety of size, style, and materials. They range from small cottages to large villas, stand singly or in pairs, short rows, or long terraces, and are built of pink, red, white, or yellow brick. Many have brick or wood bay windows to one or two floors, and some have attics or a full third floor; several are adorned with towers or pinnacles. A few have stone dressings or are faced with tiles, (fn. 115) and there is much decorative brickwork and woodwork.
Cheap excursions attracted many short-term visitors to Hornsea in the 1920s and 1930s, and after the Second World War day-trippers were the main visitors. For those who stayed longer, caravans gradually replaced lodging houses. Most visitors arrived by road, still predominantly from Yorkshire. A sample survey made in 1960 showed that 80 per cent of visitors were day-trippers, that 50 per cent arrived by car and only 25 per cent by train, and that 40 per cent were from Hull and 40 per cent from the West Riding. (fn. 168) Entertainments provided for visitors included a boating lake, a 'Go-Kart' track, amusement arcades, a roller skating rink, and a small zoo. Car parks were laid out near the sea front, and among the caravan sites north and south of the town was one provided by the urban district council. Work on the sea walls was carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. (fn. 169) It was argued in 1960 that Hornsea did not want day-trippers and that they did not need Hornsea, and commercial exploitation of the sea front aroused opposition among the residential and commuting population of the town. (fn. 170) Commuting continued despite the closure of the railway line to passengers in 1964 and a reduction in bus services: (fn. 171) in 1921 commuters to Hull accounted for 88 per cent of the inhabitants who worked outside the town, in 1951 for 70 per cent, and for 62 per cent in 1981. (fn. 172) The preservation of the character of the town was encouraged by the formation of a civic society in 1966 and the establishment of a conservation area in 1969, which was enlarged in 1976. (fn. 173) The entertainments and facilities provided in 1989 were little changed.
The manor house, with lands that included Hall Garth, was let by the Crown after the dissolution of the abbey. (fn. 210) In 1650 the manor house, called the hall, contained three groundfloor and three first floor-rooms and occupied a 2-a site. (fn. 211) The house was not mentioned again, but the site was included in the grant of 1696 and the sale of 1743. Old inclosure called Hall Garths was exchanged by Charlotte Bethell at inclosure in 1809 with Peter Acklam, and later passed to the Constables of Wassand. (fn. 212) The moat within which the house presumably stood survived in Hall Garth Park in 1989.
In 1663 the largest landowner in Hornsea Burton was Marmaduke Constable, with 103 a. (fn. 238) The Trinity House, Hull, bought land there from Constable in 1674; (fn. 239) in 1843 its estate comprised 86 a. (fn. 240) and a further 35 a. were bought in 1867. (fn. 241) The House sold 25 a. in 1945, 9 a. in 1950, 36 a. in 1951, 8 a. in 1961, and 21 a. in 1988; 22 a. remained in 1990. (fn. 242) Much of the land sold has been used for housing.
The rectory house is said to have been sold by Michael Warton in 1611 to Robert Moore (fn. 254) and by Moore in 1651 to Peter Acklam. (fn. 255) It may have been the house in which Peter Acklam had six hearths in 1672. (fn. 256) When Old Hall, in Market Place, was sold by another Peter Acklam to the Revd. Charles Constable in 1821, it was described as the mansion house of the rectory, and it may have been the successor of the earlier house. The Strickland-Constables retained it until 1930. (fn. 257) Old Hall is a 17th-century H- shaped building of brick with shaped gables. (fn. 258) A west wing was added in the 18th century and bay windows to the front in the 19th.
The open fields of Hornsea Burton were inclosed in or soon after 1663, when the township was surveyed for the purpose. Marmaduke Constable received 103 a. and William Audas 92 a.; there were also four allotments of 40–70 a. and two of 15–20 a. The 8-a. common was left uninclosed; four landowners had equal shares in it and two others were entitled to take their cattle to the watering place there. (fn. 282) The layout of the fields is not known but ridge and furrow survived beside Hornsea Burton Road in 1989.
A small industrial estate was created in Cliff Road in the later 1960s; another, on part of the former railway near the Rolston road, was established in the 1980s, (fn. 346) and two or three small firms were in business on each of them in 1989.
Estreats for Hornsea manor survive for 1609–11, 1613–14, and 1621–3, (fn. 349) and court rolls for 1623–1925. (fn. 350) The jurisdiction comprised view of frankpledge with court baron and customary court. In the late 17th century officers appointed included 2 aletasters, 2 constables, 2 leather searchers, and 2 pinders, one for Hornsea common fields and the other for Southorpe fields; 2 surveyors of highways were chosen in 1688. Two affeerors and 4 bylawmen for Hornsea fields and 2 for Southorpe fields were also appointed in the early 18th century; later in the century there were only 2 bylawmen for each set of fields, and in the 19th century only 2 affeerors, 2 constables, and a pinder were chosen.
Surviving parish records for Hornsea include a rate book of 1804. (fn. 351) In the early 19th century permanent poor relief was given to 20–30 people and occasional relief to as many as 20 more; (fn. 352) the overseers of the poor maintained four parish poorhouses in 1823. (fn. 353) Hornsea joined Skirlaugh poor-law union in 1837. (fn. 354) A vestry or 'town meeting', the minutes of which survive for 1847–95, (fn. 355) met in the vestry or the National school. Churchwardens, overseers, and surveyors were elected, and from 1852 a salaried assistant overseer was appointed. Under the Public Health Act of 1848 and the Local Government Act of 1858 a local board was formed in 1864 with 12 members; it met at first in the National school, and J. A. Wade was chairman until 1889. (fn. 356) From 1869 it had a board room and office in the public rooms in Newbegin, but from 1885 it used purpose-built rooms at the cemetery in Southgate. (fn. 357) In 1894 the local board was replaced by an urban district council; T. B. Holmes, who had been chairman of the local board from 1890, was chairman of the urban district council until 1906. (fn. 358) By 1905 the offices were again in the public rooms, which were bought by the council in 1920, (fn. 359) and they remained there until 1927, when Elim Lodge in Cliff Road was bought for a town hall. (fn. 360) In 1974 Hornsea became part of the Holderness district of Humberside, which was granted the title Holderness Borough in 1977, (fn. 361) and the town later formed two of the wards in the district. The old offices in Cliff Road were closed and in 1997 Elim Lodge was a nursing home. In 1996 Hornsea became part of a new East Riding unitary area. (fn. 362) The former police station in Newbegin, earlier acquired as a local office for the district council, (fn. 363) was used by the East Riding council in 1997. Other council offices then included Ravenswood, the former children's home. (fn. 364) From 1974 Hornsea had a town council, of 12 members, with the powers and duties of a parish council; its chairman was styled town mayor. (fn. 365) The former lifeboat station in Burton Road was used as a town hall.
The War Memorial Cottage Hospital was opened in Eastgate in 1923 with eight beds and was later enlarged. It had 22 beds in 1983. (fn. 395) A convalescent home in connexion with the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children, Hull, was opened in a house in Cliff Road in 1885; it was moved in 1904 to a larger house, which was replaced by a new building in 1908. It was closed in 1970 and has been converted into flats. (fn. 396) A holiday home for the Port of Hull Society was provided in Cliff Road by Sir James Reckitt, Bt., in 1908. (fn. 397) The Hull Guild of Brave Poor Things had a holiday home in Alexandra Road in 1908 but replaced it before 1910 with a new building in New Road, which had been closed by 1973. (fn. 398) The East Riding county council bought Ravenswood (no. 12 Cliff Road) in 1950 for use as a children's home, which was closed c. 1980, and in 1967 it built the Willows old people's home in Newbegin, which had also been closed by 1997 and was later demolished. Hull corporation bought Westgate House for the same purpose in 1953; (fn. 399) it later passed to Humberside county council. A 'camp school' was built by Wakefield corporation on the Hull road in 1938 (fn. 400) and still existed in 1989.
The incumbent had licence to celebrate divine service in the rectory house in 1397. (fn. 437) By the ordination of 1423, a vicarage house was to be built by St. Mary's abbey next to the churchyard. (fn. 438) The house may not have been wholly habitable in 1614, when the vicar took his meals at an alehouse in the town but used a room in the vicarage house as a study. (fn. 439) The house was unroofed by a storm in 1732. (fn. 440) A new house was built in 1831; (fn. 441) it is of grey brick with a main front of three bays, the central bay recessed, and the low-pitched roof has wide overhanging eaves.
The church of ST. NICHOLAS, so called in 1390, (fn. 460) is built mainly of rubble with ashlar dressings and stands on an eminence at the junction of Market Place and Newbegin. It consists of aisled and clerestoried chancel with crypt and north vestry, aisled and clerestoried nave with south porch, and a west tower, which is flanked by continuations of the aisles. The narrow nave and the clasped tower suggest that the plan has early origins, but there are no surviving features earlier than the triple lancets in the aisles. The arcades are of the late 13th century, and the aisles are almost as wide as the nave, suggesting that each may originally have been ridge roofed. There is a blocked arch for a side chapel in the south aisle. The tower is also of the 13th century, but has 14th-century battlements and a 15th-century west window. The line of an earlier nave roof is visible on the east wall of the tower. The clerestory was probably added in the 15th century, when the east end of the chancel was refenestrated. The east and west windows of the aisles are slightly later.
The church contains three effigies: two, one of which is said to be that of Sir William Fauconberg (d. 1294), were brought from Nunkeeling church in 1948 and the other from Goxhill church. There is a tomb chest commemorating Anthony St. Quintin, rector (d. 1430). (fn. 467) The font is 13th-century.
In the late 18th century Wesleyan Methodists met first in Low Hall, Southgate, and then in another building nearby. (fn. 496) A house was licensed for Methodist worship in 1808. A chapel was built in Back Southgate in 1814 (fn. 497) and replaced by Trinity chapel in Newbegin in 1870. (fn. 498) The old chapel was later put to various uses and served as a garage in 1989. A school was built beside the new chapel in 1875. (fn. 499) Trinity chapel, which was still used in 1989, was designed by J. K. James of Hull (fn. 500) and built of red brick with stone dressings.
A Church of England infants' school was built in Westgate in 1848 at the expense of Lady Strickland. (fn. 536) A classroom was added in 1896. (fn. 537) Average attendance was usually 50–60 until the early 1920s and then rose to c. 70 in 1926–7. (fn. 538) The school was overcrowded in 1930 and was closed in 1935. (fn. 539) The building, of boulders and rusticated brick, was later used as a dwelling house, known as Mereton in 1989.
1. This article was written mainly in 1989 and revised in and after 1997.
2. Spectator, 27 Sept. 1873, cited by K. L. Mayoh, 'Comparative Study of Resorts on Coast of Holderness' (Hull Univ. M.A. thesis, 1961), 192.
3. G. F. Jensen, Scand. Settlement Names in Yorks. 97.
4. Yorks. Fines, 1272–1300, p. 55.
5. E.R.A.O., DDSC, accession 4248 (plan of mere); ibid. IA. Hornsea; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 7 (1891 edn.). The reduction in the extent of the mere, and the landscape in general, are discussed in Popham, 'Wassand Estate'.
6. Between 1852 and 1890: O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.); 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4, 7 (1891 edn.). Popham, 'Wassand Estate', p. 32.
7. Popham, 'Wassand Estate', p. 33.
8. Inf. from R.S.P.B., Sandy (Beds.), 1989; inf. from R.S.P.B., Bempton, 2000.
9. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
11. T. Sheppard, Lost Towns of Yorks. Coast, 166.
13. P.R.O., E 179/202/60, mm. 47, 50, 55, 58, 64.
14. P. Heath, Med. Clerical Accts. (St. Ant. Hall Publ. xxvi), 57.
16. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 48; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 88.
17. Census, 1831–41; V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 495; below, this section. After 1841 census day was never in the holiday season.
19. Geol. Surv. Map 1", drift, sheet 73 (1909 edn.).
20. E.R.A.O., DDRI/19/2; Cal. Pat. 1575–8, p. 493; Diary of Abraham de la Pryme (Sur. Soc. liv), 272.
21. E. W. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 54.
22. Popham, 'Wassand Estate', appendix 5, pp. 4–5.
23. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
24. Public Works in Med. Law, ii (Selden Soc. xl), 356.
25. The bridge in Southgate was recorded in 1624: E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. .
27. P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/4595; Heath, Med. Clerical Accts. 38.
29. P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/4595; E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. 7v.
30. R.D.B., CI/345/27; E.R.A.O., IA. Hornsea; ibid. DDX/253/1 (undated pre-incl. plan); Hull Pub. Libr., proprietors' and incl. commissioners' mins.; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
31. Below (growth of town).
32. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 430–1; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.); O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 11 (1891 edn.).
33. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1896–1906, 63–4 (at E.R.A.O., UDHO); Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1897), 476; (1901), 498; M. Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade (Hornsea Museum, 1996), 84 (illus.).
34. Popham, 'Wassand Estate', appendix 5, p. 2.
35. T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772).
36. Below (growth of town).
37. K. A. MacMahon, Beginnings of E. Yorks. Rlys. (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. iii), 17.
38. H.U.L., DSJ/35, p. 465; Sewell, op. cit. passim.
39. Hull Advertiser, 30 May, 20 June 1851.
40. H.U.L., DSJ/36, pp. 252, 254; DSJ/42, p. 521.
41. MacMahon, op. cit. 17–18; Hull Advertiser, 15 Nov., 6 Dec. 1856.
42. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 7 (1891 edn.).
43. C. R. Clinker and J. M. Firth, Reg. Closed Passenger Stas. and Goods Depots, 67.
44. Plaque of 1996 behind Hornsea Leisure Centre.
45. Lay Subsidy of 1334, ed. R. E. Glasscock, 366. Earlier refs. (P.N. Yorks. E.R. 65) prob. relate to Northorpe in Easington.
46. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. .
48. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 265.
49. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. .
51. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 421.
52. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiv (1), p. 307.
54. Ibid. E 134/13 Chas. 1 East./7.
55. W. Camden, Britannia, ed. E. Gibson (1695), 748.
56. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 265.
58. P.R.O., E 134/9 Wm. III Mich./45.
61. E.R.A.O., PE/30/3, inside front cover.
63. e.g. nos. 10–12 Eastgate, no. 42 Southgate, and part of the museum in Newbegin.
64. e.g. no. 36 Southgate.
65. e.g. no. 41 Southgate.
66. e.g. nos. 43–4 Southgate.
67. cf. inclosure map of 1809 (E.R.A.O., IA.) and O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
68. H.U.L., DSJ/34, pp. 137, 457.
69. Ibid. DSJ/35, pp. 79, 465; DSJ/37, p. 322; White, Dir. Hull & York (1846), 374; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 and 1910 edns.); illus. in Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 73.
71. H.U.L., DSJ/34, p. 133; DSJ/39, p. 11; ibid. DDCV/82/5, pp. 337, 346, 367; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 and 1910 edns.).
72. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, pp. 206, 289, 295.
73. Ibid. DSJ/34, pp. 19, 133; DSJ/35, p. 277.
74. Ibid. DDCV/82/5, p. 503; ibid. DSJ/34, pp. 415, 453, 469; DSJ/35, p. 65; DSJ/36, p. 40; DSJ/37, p. 176.
75. Ibid. DDCV/82/5, pp. 338, 526; ibid. DSJ/34, pp. 357, 555; DSJ/35, p. 559; R.D.B., 135/243/213.
76. H.U.L., DSJ/34, p. 524; DSJ/35, p. 93; Hull Advertiser, 2 June 1837.
77. H.U.L., DSJ/34, pp. 522, 534, 593; DSJ/35, pp. 151–81, 215–27, 321.
78. E.R.A.O., HD/53; ibid. PE/30/22, pp. 16–17.
79. Trans. E. Yorks. Georgian Soc. v (1), 34.
80. H.U.L., DSJ/37, pp. 258, 275; DSJ/42, p. 50.
81. Ibid. DSJ/37, p. 335; DSJ/41, p. 441; DSJ/42, p. 73; DSJ/45, p. 145; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 edn.).
82. H.U.L., DSJ/39, pp. 170, 175. Dated plans of 1876–7 in possession of Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Grebe House, 1998. The name Ventnor House is borne by a division of the original house (no. 25 Westgate).
83. R.D.B., KF/42/61; KF/43/62; KI/189/249–50; KI/ 190/251–2; KI/191/253–4.
84. Ibid. MU/13/22; MX/359/574; MX/360/575; H.U.L., DSJ/40, p. 291.
85. H.U.L., DSJ/36, p. 491; DSJ/38, p. 511.
86. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 edn.).
87. R.D.B., IX/307/422; KE/96/124; KH/380/451.
88. H.U.L., DSJ/37, p. 185.
90. R.D.B., IY/187/264; IY/338/485; KG/317/480.
92. Ibid. DDX/298/8–9; R.D.B., LU/373/553; H.U.L., DDX/16/344.
94. Ibid. KF/59/74; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1894), 11.
96. Ibid. IZ/311/385; KF/301/405; KG/65/106; KG/207/ 316; KN/112/155; KV/109/138; KY/196/252; LC/330/430; MC/342/527; MT/79/108.
98. H.U.L., DSJ/37, p. 270; DSJ/38, pp. 97, 346; DSJ/39, pp. 70, 296.
99. Ibid. DSJ/37, pp. 205, 214, 223, 232, 241.
101. Ibid. MP/210/294; MR/138/205; NF/222/348; 12/ 331/321 (1886).
102. Ibid. 39/213/202 to 39/217/206 (1890).
104. Ibid. KT/73/95; KT/175/240; MM/273/438.
107. Ibid. KU/262/363; KU/263/364; LF/318/406; 217/ 418/374.
108. Ibid. LF/318/407; LF/320/408; LH/136/191; LO/ 271/380; LO/272/381; MG/9/13.
109. H.U.L., DSJ/38, pp. 141, 342, 374.
110. Ibid. DSJ/39, pp. 105, 442.
111. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4, 7 (1910 edn.).
112. H.U.L., DSJ/42, pp. 427, 430.
113. R.D.B., 18/391/355 (1900); 18/475/438 (1900).
115. Illus. in Sewell, Joseph Armtage Wade, 77.
116. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1927 edn.).
117. R.D.B., 198/554/478; 220/394/341; B.I.H.R., V. 1910–22/Ret.; G. L. Southwell, Hornsea in Old Postcards, p. .
118. R.D.B., 74/343/326 (1905); 80/174/166 (1905); 130/193/169; 135/310/272; 371/26/21; 702/588/498; Reg. of Electors (1915); E.R. Licensing Cttee. Mins. 1904–23, 223. Illus. in M. and B. Chapman, Holderness in old picture postcards, 30; I. and M. Sumner, Britain in Old Photographs: Holderness, 39.
119. The dome was removed in 1989. Pevsner and Neave, Yorks. E.R. 482; inf. from Mr. M. Sewell, Hornsea, 1997.
120. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII. NE. (1929 edn.). For the Edenfield estate, see R.D.B., 238/137/115; 238/317/266 etc.
121. R.D.B., 691/514/431; Mayoh, 'Resorts of Holderness', 193; inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
122. Plaque on Sandpiper Court; inf. from Mr. Sewell, 2000.
123. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 97–8; directories. For bathing machines, cf. Hull Advertiser, 3 June 1825.
124. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, pp. 289, 503; ibid. DSJ/34, p. 415.
125. Hull Advertiser, 10 Sept. 1814; 8 Aug. to 5 Sept. 1818.
126. G. Head, Tour of Manufacturing Districts of Eng. (1836), 270.
127. E.R.A.O., QDT/2/6, 9; directories.
128. Hull Advertiser, 18 July 1834.
129. Above, intro. (growth of town).
130. Hull Advertiser, 5 Aug. 1836.
131. Ibid. 2 July 1841; 27 Jan., 16 June 1843 (with illus.); Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 94, 96–7; directories; Sumners, op. cit. 40.
132. F. R. Pearson, Charlotte Bronte on E. Yorks. Coast (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. vii), 25–6.
133. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 96; directories.
135. Mayoh, 'Resorts of Holderness', 33; for visitors at the hotel, see Hull Advertiser, 25 Aug. 1848; 13 July 1849; 19 Sept. 1857.
136. 1st Rep. Com. on Employment of Children, Young Persons, and Women in Agric., App. Pt. II [4068–1], p. 366, H.C. (1867–8), xvii.
138. Spectator, 27 Sept. 1873, cited by Mayoh, 'Resorts', 192.
139. Mayoh, 'Resorts', 134, 136.
140. Above, intro. (growth of town).
142. H.U.L., DSJ/38, p. 89; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 428; directories.
146. Mayoh, 'Resorts', facing p. 128; Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), [at end unpag.].
147. E.R.A.O., DDCC/51/10–12; for the following, also Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 7, 39–48 (illus.).
148. Ibid. DDCC/51/16–19; R.D.B., LU/373/553; Abridged Hist. Hornsea Pier Negotiations (1876) (copy in Hull Pub. Libr.).
149. Hornsea Gaz. 30 Oct. 1880, cited by Mayoh, 'Resorts', 117; Sewell, op. cit. 39–48 (illus.).
150. Slater, Royal Nat. Com. Dir. Yorks. (1887), 106; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 431; Sumners, op. cit. 28.
151. J. E. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea (1974 edn.), 103–4; Sewell, op. cit. 45.
152. R.D.B., 95/363/336 (1897); 79/372/355 (1905); O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 edn.); Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 5.
153. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1913–19, 37 (at E.R.A.O., UDHO).
154. Illus. in G. L. Southwell, Hornsea in Old Picture Postcards, nos. 53–5, 68.
155. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1906–12, 5–6, 52; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 5; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1909), 529; illus. in Southwell, op. cit., nos. 59–60, 62–3.
156. Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 9.
157. Ibid. 21; V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 543; Hall Garth Park, Hornsea, p.  (copy in Beverley Pub. Libr.); A. A. Clarke, Hornsea Golf Club, 1898–1998. In 1922 the club bought the course, then comprising 18 a. in Hornsea and 135 a. in Rolston: R.D.B., 245/451/392; 245/452/393. Hall Garths was later used as pasture and then by the military authorities: inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1998.
158. Below, local govt. (public services).
159. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 118.
160. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1925), 559.
161. R.D.B., 213/148/128; 238/361/299; 364/389/325.
162. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1925), 555.
165. Illus. in Southwell, Hornsea in Old Picture Postcards, no. 75; inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
166. Directories. For the Hydro, above, intro. (growth of town).
167. For the Marine Hotel, see Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 101, 121.
168. Mayoh, 'Resorts', facing pp. 128, 136, 175; inf. from Dr. Walker, 1997.
169. e.g. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1955–6, 228; 1956–7, 112; 1966–7, 418; 1967–8, 111; inf. from Dr. Walker.
170. Mayoh, 'Resorts', 104–7, 195–6.
171. Inf. from Dr. Walker; above [first section].
173. Hornsea Civic Soc. Town Walk and Street Map; inf. from Devt. Dept., Holderness B.C., 1990.
175. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 113; Hull Advertiser, 24 Mar. 1848.
176. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 118.
177. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1928–31, 88 (at E.R.A.O., UDHO); E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1936–7, 138, 194; 1937–8, 229.
178. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1971–2, 225; Humbs. C.C. Mins. 1974–5, H 290.
179. Hull Daily Mail, 26 Apr. 1978; Humbs. C.C. Mins. 1980–1, J 729.
180. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 103; Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 39.
181. Short Story of Hornsea Ex-Servicemen's Club Ltd. (Hornsea, priv. print. ).
182. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 85–6.
184. D. [R. J.] Neave, E.R. Friendly Soc. (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xli), 56.
185. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 119.
187. Dates on bldg.; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1901), 499; inf. from Dr. J.E.S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
188. R.D.B., 86/403/374 (1906); Sewell, op. cit. 69.
189. R.W.S. Norfolk, Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteer Forces of the E.R. 1689–1908 (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xix), 55; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 430; Sewell, op. cit. 68.
190. R.D.B., 355/112/80; Short Story of Hornsea Ex-Servicemen's Club Ltd. (Hornsea, priv. print. ).
191. Files for 1869–1901 (1872–3, 1896 missing) at B.L.: Cat. Newspaper Libr. v. 421; copy for 17 Mar. 1877 at Beverley Pub. Libr. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1872), 379.
192. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1901), 501; (1937), 480; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 26; inf. regarding the Recorder and Bulletin from Dr. Walker, 1997.
193. Willing's Press Guide; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. v. 163.
194. J. Lonsdale, 'Beginnings of Cricket in Hornsea' (TS. in Beverley Pub. Libr. 1989); Sewell, op. cit. 35, 69; Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea, 102–3.
196. Cairn near South Promenade; inf. from Mr. N. Bakes, Hornsea, 1998.
197. V.C.H. Yorks, ii. 265 and n.; above, Atwick, manors.
198. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. v. 9.
199. E.Y.C. i, p. 27; iii, p. 26.
200. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 111.
201. P.R.O., C 66/3080, [no. 1].
202. Ibid. E 159/337, rot. 105; E.R.A.O., PE/30/33.
203. P.R.O., C 66/3386, no. 5.
206. Ibid.; H.U.L., DDCV/82–5; ibid. DSJ/34–47; below, Rise, manor. For pedigree, see J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii; Burke, Land. Gent. (1969), ii. 46–7.
207. Book of plans of estates of H. Bethell, at Rise Park Estate Off.
209. Ibid. LH/414/541; 170/289/242; 398/519/428; 408/ 90/75; valuation of estates of Ric. Bethell, 1852, in E.R.A.O., DDRI/accession 2980, box 2; inf. from Rise Park Estate Office.
210. P.R.O., C 66/2901, no. 21; ibid. SC 6/Hen. VIII/4595; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xv, p. 564; Acts of P.C. 1552–4, 246–7; Cal. Pat. 1575–8, p. 493.
211. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, ff. 73, 79v., 102v., 104v., 151–2, 281v.; Poulson, Holderness, i. 335; below, prot. nonconf.
212. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, p. 457; R.D.B., 10/276/261 (1899).
214. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.); O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 7 (1891 edn.); above, intro. (resort).
216. Pevsner, York & E.R. 257; below, prot. nonconf.
218. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, p. 457; ibid. DSJ/34, pp. 62, 316, 374; below, this section.
219. E.R.A.O., NV/1/8; R.D.B., 398/519/428; below, Sigglesthorne, manors (Wassand).
220. R.D.B., 1589/491/406; 1621/428/341; 1639/462/416; 1747/171/146; 1843/321/265; and passim for sales; inf. from Wm. H. Brown, Agric. Surveyors, Valuers and Land Agents, Northgate Ho., Sleaford, 1990.
222. Cal. Inq. p.m. iv, pp. 353, 355.
223. Feud. Aids, vi. 40; Kirkby's Inq. 246.
224. Feud. Aids, vi. 163.
225. P.R.O., CP 25(1)/271/98, no. 92.
226. Cal. Inq. p.m. ix, p. 256.
227. Ibid. iv, pp. 353–4, 357; ix, p. 177; xviii, p. 136; below, Rise, manor.
228. Cal. Inq. p.m. ix, pp. 2, 252.
229. P.R.O., CP 25(1)/271/94, no. 85; Yorks. Fines, 1300–14, p. 25; Reg. Corbridge, i. 195.
230. Cal. Pat. 1358–61, 133; Cal. Fine R. 1356–68, 106–7; 1391–9, 27; 1430–7, 282; Yorks. Deeds, iv, p. 38; Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, ii, p. 113.
231. H.U.L., DHO/7/19, 33; Yorks. Sta. Cha. Proc. i (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xli), 35 n.
232. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 369, 420–1; ii. 22, 31, 96–102; English, Holderness, 209–10.
233. 'Meaux Cart.', pp. 250–1.
234. Feud. Aids, vi. 163.
235. Chron. de Melsa, iii. 285.
236. P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/4612.
237. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xix (2), p. 78.
239. Inf. from the Trinity Ho., Hull, 1989.
240. E.R.A.O., PE/30/31; H.U.L., DOG/5/11.
242. Ibid. 691/514/431; 854/585/487; 1212/289/254; inf. from the Secretary, the Trinity Ho., Hull, 1990.
244. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xv, p. 564; Acts of P.C. 1552–4, 246; Cal. Pat. 1575–8, p. 493; Cal. S.P. Dom. 1595–7, 12.
245. P.R.O., CP 43/113, rot. 16.
247. Y.A.S., MS. 661, p. 35.
248. R.D.B., C1/345/27; H.U.L., DDEV/21/123–4; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 210.
249. R.D.B., CU/93/90; CU/128/123; DN/268/299; above, this section.
250. H.U.L., DDEV/21/124; Burke, Land. Gent. (1937), 1162.
254. Poulson, Holderness, i. 323.
255. Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea (1974 edn.), 23.
258. One of the shaped gables was added in the 19th cent.: Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea, facing p. 116; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), facing p. 12; I. and M. Sumner, Britain in Old Photographs: Holderness, 32, 36.
259. E.Y.C. ii, p. 456.
260. Miscellanea, iv (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xciv), 98; Cal. Pat. 1557–8, 321.
261. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), ii. 22.
262. Miscellanea, iii (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. lxxx), 98.
263. Beverley Boro. Rec. 1575–1821 (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. lxxxiv), 181.
264. E.R.A.O., PE/27/44; R.D.B., 92/301/275.
265. Popham, 'Wassand Estate', appendix 2, p. 7.
266. P.R.O., LR 2/230, ff. 209–10; B.I.H.R., TER. H. Hornsea passim; H.U.L., DDCV/155/1; R.D.B., CI/345/27.
267. P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/4595; ibid. LR 2/230, ff. 209–10.
268. Ibid. E 134/13 Chas. 1 East./7; E 178/4813; ibid. LR 2/230, ff. 209–10.
271. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Hornsea 1764.
272. H.U.L., DDCV/82/1, e.g. 14 Oct. 1718.
273. Hull Pub. Libr., proprietors' and incl. commissioners' mins.
274. Along the N. side of the road according to Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 86–7. The Brockholm stone is shown on O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
275. H.U.L., DDCV/155/1; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
276. P.R.O., E 317/Yorks./28; ibid. SC 6/Hen. VIII/4595.
279. E.R.A.O., IA. Hornsea; Hull Pub. Libr., proprietors' and incl. commissioners' mins.
280. P.R.O., E 134/13 Chas. 1 East./7; E 317/Yorks./28; ibid. LR 2/230, ff. 209–10.
281. E.R.A.O., IA. Hornsea; Hull Pub. Libr., proprietors' and incl. commissioners' mins.; R.D.B., CI/345/27; 41 Geo. III, c. 110 (Priv. Act).
283. A. Bryant, Map of E.R. Yorks. (1829).
284. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1911–12, 431.
289. [1st] Land Util. Surv. Map, sheet 28.
290. Inf. from Min. of Agric., Fish. & Food, Beverley, 1990.
291. P.R.O., C 66/1804, [no. 1]; ibid. SC 2/211/59.
292. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. 281v.; PE/30/34, p. 213.; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.) shows Mill hill.
294. T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772).
295. H.U.L., DSJ/34, pp. 168, 179, 195.
296. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1909), 532; (1921), 537.
297. P.R.O., SC 2/211/59; Yorks. Fines, iii, 17.
298. H.U.L., DDX/16/214; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.) shows Mill hill.
300. E.Y.C. iii, pp. 26–9; Yorks. Fines, John, pp. 146–7; Yorks. Fines, 1246–72, p. 96; 1272–1300, pp. 54–5; Cal. Inq. p.m. ii, p. 345.
302. Cal. Pat. 1343–5, 89.
304. Cal. Pat. 1549–51, 373; 1557–8, 17; 1560–3, 539, 542.
305. Poulson, Holderness, i. 320–1.
306. P.R.O., E 134/31 Chas. II Mich./17; E.R.A.O., DDRI/19/1–2.
307. E.R.A.O., DDSC, accession 4248 (plan of mere); O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
309. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 421.
310. Acts of Parl. and Proclamations relating to E.R. Yorks. and Hull, 1529–1800, ed. K.A. MacMahon, 64; Cal. Pat. 1364–7, 77.
311. B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 1, f. 8; B. H. Putnam, Proc. before J.P. (Ames Foundation), 439, 442; Poulson, Holderness, i. 327.
312. Cal. Pat. 1436–41, 463; Cal. Close, 1402–5, 190; Test. Ebor. v, pp. 152 n., 237.
313. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xii (2), p. 418.
314. Acts of P.C. 1547–50, 396; 1552–4, 255.
315. E.R.A.O., DDCC/139/65; cf. P.R.O., E 178/160.
316. B.I.H.R., CP. G. 720–2, 3558; Select 16th Cent. Causes in Tithe (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. civ), 69–71.
317. Cal. Pat. 1575–8, p. 493.
318. Acts of P.C. 1558–70, 289.
319. P.R.O., E 134/13 Chas. I East./7; E 178/4813.
321. Hull Advertiser, 24 May 1844; Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 97.
323. Ibid. RG 10/4803; RG 11/4790; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 436.
324. N.E. Sea Fisheries Cttee. Mins. 1893–4, 6; 1895–6, 35–46; 1913–15, 27; 1923–5, 111; and passim.
325. Hull Daily Mail, 22 Feb. 1990.
326. Cal. Chart. R. 1226–57, 463. The grant of a mkt. in 1466 (e.g. recorded by Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 66) was only a confirmation: Cal. Chart. R. 1427–1516, 210.
327. Yorks. Hund. and Quo Warr. R. 1274–94 (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. cli), 36; Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 157.
329. K. L. McCutcheon, Yorks. Fairs & Mkts. (Thoresby Soc. xxxix), 174; 1st Rep. Royal Com. Mkt. Rights & Tolls, Vol. i [C.5550], p. 219, H.C. (1888), liii.
331. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
334. P.R.O., HO 107/2365; E.R.A.O., DDCC/136/165–6.
335. E.R.A.O., PE/30/34, p. 129.
336. White, Dir. Hull & York (1846), 375; Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 120n.; Slater's Royal Nat. Com. Dir. (1864), 205; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
337. Slater's Royal Nat. Com. Dir. Yorks. (1864), 205. Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 36–8, 47, 55 (illus.).
338. H.U.L., DSJ/37, p. 320; DSJ/43, p. 169; P.R.O., RG 11/4790; illus. in Sewell, op. cit. 52.
339. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 7 (1891 edn.); H.U.L., DSJ/44, p. 100; Sewell, op. cit. 38, 55 (illus.).
341. P.R.O., RG 10/4803; R.D.B., LR/328/488; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 edn.); Sewell, op. cit. 36.
342. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
343. R.D.B., 958/74/60; 974/422/381; 1025/395/353; 1350/251/226; 1350/252/227; R. W. Doughty, 'District of Hornsea in Holderness' (Univ. of Reading B.A. dissertation, 1966), 61–2; Story of Hornsea Pottery (1977), [6, 8, 10, 13, 37].
344. Inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
345. Inf. from Hornsea Freeport, 2000.
346. Holderness B.C. Mins. 1981–2, no. 545 (copy at E.R.A.O., DCHO); inf. from Dr. Walker, 1997.
347. Yorks. Hund. and Quo Warr. R. 1274–94 (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. cli), 36, 171–3.
348. P.R.O., E 134/9 Wm. III Mich./45.
350. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33–4; H.U.L., DDCV/82/1–8; ibid. DSJ/34–49.
352. Poor Law Abstract, 1804, pp. 594–5; 1818, pp. 522–3.
353. 9th Rep. Com. Char. 764–5; below, church [last para.]; charities [town stock].
354. 3rd Rep. Poor Law Com. 170.
355. E.R.A.O., PE/30/22, pp. 61 and passim.
356. Ibid. pp. 124, 129–30; Hornsea L.B. Mins. passim; Lond. Gaz. 3 July 1863, p. 3343; 19 Apr. 1864, p. 2174; Hornsea L.B. Bylaws (copy in Hull Pub. Libr.). The board's mins. survive for 1872–8 and 1886–94: E.R.A.O., LBHO.
357. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 432; Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea (1974 edn.), 102; Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 59; below, local govt. (public services).
358. Mins. survive for 1895–1924, 1928–74: E.R.A.O., UDHO.
361. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. v. 180.
362. Humberside (Structural Change) Order 1995, copy at E.R.A.O.
363. Humbs. C.C. Mins. 1974–5, D 305.
364. Below, local govt. (public services).
365. Inf. from town clerk, Hornsea, 1989.
366. Hornsea L.B. Mins. 1872–8, passim (at E.R.A.O., LBHO); E.R.C.C. Mins. 1906–7, 383–4.
367. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1897), 476; (1901), 498; E.R.C.C. Mins. 1905–6, 44; 1910–11, 388; 1924–5, 369. Illus. in Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 59.
368. Hull Corp. Water Cttee. Mins. 1925–6, 10; 1926–7, 27, 49; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. i. 373.
369. Humbs. C.C. Mins. 1975–6, K 469.
370. Hornsea L. B. Mins. 1872–8, 132; E.R.A.O., accession 2382 (drainage cttee. mins. 1874–7).
371. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1926–7, 170; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1933), 483.
372. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1971–2, 197, and Mins. passim (at E.R.A.O., UDHO).
373. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1889), 404.
374. N.E. Gas Bd. Ann. Rep. 1966–7, 12; 1968–9, 21.
375. R.D.B., KW/240/300; 22/493/468 (1900); Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 427.
376. E.R.A.O., DP/283; R.D.B., 410/585/473; Hull Corp. Elect. Cttee. Mins. 1928–9, 28; 1929–30, 97; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. i. 374.
377. The building was later a U.D.C. depot; it was demolished in 1994. Inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
378. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, ff. 50, 102, 107v.
379. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 116.
380. E.R.A.O., PE/30/22, pp. 13, 20–1, 30, 34–6, 38, 51, 57, 67, 79; Hull Advertiser, 8 Mar. 1850.
381. A. A. Clarke, Country Coppers: Story of E.R. Police, 18–19, 108 (illus.); inf. from Dr. J.E.S. Walker, Hornsea, 1998. The cell door from 16 Westgate is in Hornsea Museum.
382. E.R.A.O., QAP/1/1, s.vv. 11 Feb. 1857; 18 Oct. 1859; P.R.O., RG 9/3604; RG 10/4803.
383. R.D.B., MX/278/450; H.U.L., DDCV/81/18.
384. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1889), 404.
385. E.R.C.C. Standing Joint Cttee. Mins. 1922–5, 161; 1925–8, 98, 237; E.R.C.C. Mins. 1964–5, 122; 1967–8, 108.
386. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1971–2, 352; 1972–3, 333; plaques in bldgs.; inf. from Mr. M. Sewell, Hornsea, 1997.
387. Humbs. C.C. Mins. 1974–5, D 305.
388. Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1896–1906, 270; 1919–24, 452; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1925), 556.
389. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1965–6, 58.
390. R.D.B., NZ/397/358; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 430; illus. in Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 67.
392. Ibid. 202/432/373; 219/538/470; Hall Garth Park, Hornsea (copy in Beverley Pub. Libr.); Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1925), 555.
393. R.D.B., 365/244/203; 766/409/341; notice board at playing fields, 1989.
395. R.D.B., 280/436/378; 623/9/7; E.R.C.C. Mins. 1923–4, 327; Hospitals & Health Services Year Bk. 1985, 81.
396. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. i. 384; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1894), 11; G. Patrick, A Plague on You, Sir!, 112–13, 317; inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
397. R.D.B., 107/82/79; 119/220/196; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 20.
398. R.D.B., 112/316/289; E.R.A.O., NV/1/8; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 20; Hornsea U.D.C. Mins. 1973–4, 37.
399. R.D.B., 859/69/62; 945/410/349; E.R.C.C. Mins. 1948–9, 595; 1966–7, 341; 1967–8, 16; local inf.; inf. from Mr. M. Sewell, Hornsea, 1997.
400. R.D.B., 568/131/97; E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1938–9, 49.
401. J. Nicholson, Beacons of E. Yorks. 10.
402. E.R.A.O., PE/30/3, flyleaf; LT/4/18; ibid. QSF/ 153/D.25; QSF/311/D.5; T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772); R. W. S. Norfolk, Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteer Forces of the E.R. 1689–1908 (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xix), 18, 30. Pennels or Beacon close, near Hornsea Beck, was the site of a gibbet where the body of Edw. Pennel, a pirate, was displayed in 1770: E.R.A.O., PE/30/3, p. 47; H.U.L., DDX/16/245.
403. Hull Advertiser, 3 Oct. 1851; 6 Feb., 5 Mar. 1852.
404. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 432; plaques in church; inf. from R.N.L.I., West Quay Rd., Poole (Dors.), 1989.
406. R.D.B., MR/138/204; 289/573/492; inf. from R.N.L.I., 1989.
407. Above, this section and loc. govt.; inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
408. R.D.B., MT/174/255; E.R.A.O., NV/1/8.
409. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, f. 237v.; below, charities [Rob. Smithson].
410. Hull Advertiser, 13 June 1828.
411. Sheahan and Whellan, Hist. York & E.R. ii. 418; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
412. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 and later edns.); inf. from Dr. Walker, 1997.
413. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 265.
414. E.Y.C. iii, p. 26.
415. Cal. Pat. 1345–8, 123; 1396–9, 72; 1399–1401, 252; 1422–9, 94.
416. B.I.H.R., Reg. 18, ff. 199–201.
418. Below, Long Riston, church.
420. Ibid. 854; Lond. Gaz. 30 May 1939, p. 3638.
421. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 1, pp. 64–9.
422. Cal. Pat. 1557–8, 420.
423. B.I.H.R., OC. 854; P.R.O., Inst. Bks.; Cal. Pat. 1557–8, 355; 1558–60, 269; Crockford; Lond. Gaz. 30 May 1939, p. 3638.
424. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 304.
425. Cal. Papal Reg. v. 2.
426. B.I.H.R., Reg. 18, f. 201.
427. P. Heath, Med. Clerical Accts. (St. Ant. Hall Publ. no. xxvi), 5–11, 25–59.
428. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 116.
430. B.I.H.R., Bp. Dio. 3, E.R., p. 176.
431. Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 942–3.
432. B.I.H.R., V. 1884/Ret. 1.
436. Inf. from York Dioc. Bd. of Finance, 1981.
437. D. M. Smith, Cal. Reg. Waldby, 10.
438. B.I.H.R., Reg. 18, f. 201.
439. Ibid. CP. G. 1023.
440. E.R.A.O., PE/30/2, flyleaf. The glebe terriers (B.I.H.R., TER. H.) give no indication of rebuilding or burning, as in Sheahan and Whellan, Hist. York & E.R. ii. 417; Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea (1974 edn.), 113. The ho. was omitted, perhaps in error, from the incl. map of 1809 (E.R.A.O., IA. Hornsea; ibid. DDCK/35/1(j)).
441. E.R.A.O., PE/30/16; B.I.H.R., MGA. 1831/2.
442. B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 2, f. 629v.; 9, f. 388. Also E.R.A.O., DDCC/139/65.
443. e.g. in manorial ct. rolls: above, local govt.
444. Fasti Dunelm. (Sur. Soc. cxxxix), 51, 113, 143; Cal. Papal Reg. ii. 22; Cal. Papal Pets. i. 446.
445. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 1, pp. 65–6; Cal. Papal Reg. ii. 211, 239, 326; iii. 241.
446. B.I.H.R., Reg. 18, f. 201; Heath, Med. Clerical Accts. 7 sqq.
447. Y.A.J. xxiv. 75; Select 16th Cent. Causes in Tithe (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. civ), 59, 69; Inventories of Ch. Goods, 55.
449. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 1, no. 33; Ret. 2, nos. 48, 212; Herring's Visit. i, p. 36; ii, pp. 88–90; iii, pp. 35–6; above, Atwick, church.
450. P.R.O., HO 107/1222; Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 942–3.
451. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 99.
452. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 1, no. 255; V. 1868/Ret. 1, no. 229; V. 1871/Ret. 1, no. 229; V. 1877/Ret. 2, no. 36; V. 1884/Ret. 1; V. 1910–22/Ret.; V. 1931/Ret.
453. Herring's Visit. ii, p. 89.
454. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 48; V. 1865/Ret. 1, no. 255; V. 1868/Ret. 1, no. 229; V. 1871/Ret. 1, no. 229; V. 1877/Ret. 2, no. 36; V. 1884/Ret. 1; V. 1931/Ret.
455. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1889), 404.
456. R.D.B., 104/68/66; Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908) 17.
457. R.D.B., 184/434/375; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1901), 499.
458. R.D.B., 1280/292/258; inf. from Mr. A. H. Croft, Hornsea, 1990.
459. Inf. from Mr. Croft.
460. B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 1, f. 8.
461. Ibid. V. 1615/CB. 1, f. 222v.; Abp. Grindal's Visit., 1575, ed. W. J. Sheils, 70.
462. B.I.H.R., Fac. 1699/4; Diary of Abraham de la Pryme (Sur. Soc. liv), 272.
464. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 111.
465. B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 5, p. 152; ibid. Ch. Ret. ii; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1872), 378.
466. B.I.H.R., Fac. 1901/22; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1909), 529.
468. Inventories of Ch. Goods, 53–4.
469. Boulter, 'Ch. Bells', 84.
470. B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 9, p. 569; plaque in church.
471. Inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
472. Inventories of Ch. Goods, 49–50.
473. Yorks. Ch. Plate, i. 264–5.
475. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 48; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 89.
477. 9th Rep. Com. Char. 764–5; below, charities [town stock].
479. e.g. R.D.B., 330/616/491; 410/585/473; 1149/150/143; 1745/531/450.
482. Aveling, Post Reformation Catholicism, 68.
483. Herring's Visit. ii, p. 88.
485. B.I.H.R., V. 1931/Ret.; O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 58992; local inf.
488. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1664–5, 218–19; Depositions from York Castle (Sur. Soc. xl), 123, 129 n.
489. E.R.A.O., PE/30/33, ff. 104v., 175. There were still memorial stones in the garden in 1989.
490. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 78.
491. E.R.A.O., QSF/13/D.6; H.U.L., DDCV/82/3, rot. 92; DDCV/82/4, pp. 17, 298; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 88.
492. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 48; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 88.
493. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, p. 547.
495. P.R.O., RG 31/5, nos. 255, 466, 510, 790; B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 1, p. 411 (1766); ibid. DMH. 205, 242, 519; E.R.A.O., QSF/26/E.2.
496. R. A. Loten, 'Hist. Hornsea Wesl. Meth.' (copy in Beverley Pub. Libr.); Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 112.
497. P.R.O., RG 31/5, nos. 2159, 2923; ibid. HO 129/522/4; B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 3, pp. 472, 727; E.R.A.O., DDIV/35/1–2; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
498. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 19702; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1872), 378.
501. P.R.O., RG 31/7, nos. 25, 27.
502. Herring's Visit. ii, p. 88.
503. C. E. Darwent, Story of Fish St. Ch., Hull (1899), 128–9.
504. P.R.O., RG 31/5, nos. 2070–1; ibid. HO 129/522/4; B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. 3, pp. 439, 475.
505. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), 111.
506. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 21859; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1879), 411; Hull & E.R. Cong. Mag. vi (65), pp. lxv–lxxi.
507. Inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
508. United Reformed Ch. Year Bk. (1973–4).
510. P.R.O., RG 31/5, nos. 3732, 3931, 4313, 4366; B.I.H.R., DMH. Reg. 1, pp. 372, 479, 690; DMH. Reg. 2, p. 16.
511. P.R.O., RG 31/5, no. 4371; ibid. HO 129/522/4; B I.H.R., DMH. Reg. 2, p. 19; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
512. Prim. Meth. Mag. xlvi. 695; date on bldg.
513. Illus. Guide to Hornsea (1908), 19; Hobson, Sketch of Hornsea (1974 edn.), 130.
514. Hull Daily Mail, 29 Sept. 1981.
515. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 17278; inf. from Revd. P. D. Wright, Hornsea, 1989.
516. Inf. from Mr. M. Sewell, Hornsea, 1997.
517. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. nos. 25880, 25899, 26753; 27047; E.R.A.O., DDIV/35/7, 12. Groups of 'Salvation Soldiers' competed with the Army followers: Sewell, Joseph Armytage Wade, 62.
518. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 43451; E.R.A.O., DDIV/35/15.
519. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. no. 48389.
520. Inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
521. O.N.S. (Birkdale), Worship Reg. nos. 59884, 66712.
522. H.U.L., DDCV/82/5, p. 185; E.R.A.O., PE/30/2, p. 41; PE/30/3, p. 46; PE/30/110, f. 178v.
524. Educ. of Poor Digest, 1084.
525. Baines, Hist. Yorks. ii. 220.
526. Educ. Enquiry Abstract, 1087.
527. E.R.A.O., PE/30/29; Hull Advertiser, 23 May 1845; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
528. Mins. of Educ. Cttee. of Council, 1852–3 , p. 160, H.C. (1852–3), lxxix.
529. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 472–3.
531. Ibid. SL/54/2, p. 233.
532. Bd. of Educ., List 21 (H.M.S.O., 1908 and later edns.).
533. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1924–5, 155; 1930–1, 149.
534. Bd. of Educ., List 21.
535. R.D.B., 673/180/149; 673/182/150; E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1935–6, 207; 1944–5, 26; 1952–3, 20; 1954–5, 114; 1958–9, 150; 1959–60, 89.
536. Bedell, Acct. of Hornsea (1848), frontis., 112; Sheahan and Whellan, Hist. York & E.R. ii. 418; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVII (1854 edn.).
537. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1901), 500.
538. Bd. of Educ., List 21 (H.M.S.O., 1908 and later edns.).
539. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1930–1, 149; 1935–6, 207.
540. R.D.B., 493/660/474; 512/166/127; E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1935–6, 168.
541. Above, this section; inf. from the late Mr. R. R. N. Lowe, head teacher 1953–77.
542. R.D.B., 745/408/337; E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1952–3, 20; 1953–4, 49, 51, 190; 1955–6, 77, 151.
543. Inf. from Educ. Dept., Humbs. C.C., 1990.
544. R.D.B., 967/275/231; E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1970–1, 143; Hornsea School, 1958–83 (copy in Beverley Pub. Libr.), 5, 7, 12, 14, 16, 19–20, 37.
545. Inf. from Educ. Dept.
547. Inf. from Educ. Dept.
548. Review of Char. Rep. 107.
549. B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 34A, ff. 92v.–93v.; 9th Rep. Com. Char. 763.
551. Review of Char. Rep. 106.
552. E.R.A.O., PE/30/2, s.v. 26 Mar. 1731; 9th Rep. Com. Char. 763.
554. 9th Rep. Com. Char. 763.
556. Review of Char. Rep. 106.
557. H.U.L., DDCV/82/4, pp. 227, 286.
558. 9th Rep. Com. Char. 764; cf. H.U.L., DDCV/84/4, p. 315.
559. Review of Char. Rep. 106.
560. E.R.A.O., PE/30/27–8; ibid. accession 1681.
561. Review of Char. Rep. 106.
562. 9th Rep. Com. Char. 763; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVII. 3–4 (1891 edn.).
564. Scheme of 1980 (copy supplied by Mr. A. H. Croft, Hornsea, 1990); Review of Char. Rep. 106; above, church.
567. Review of Char. Rep. 106; Scheme of 1980.
568. Review of Char. Rep. 106; Scheme of 1980.
569. Humbs. Dir. of Char. 33.
570. Inf. from Char. Com., Liverpool, 1990.
571. H.U.L., DSJ/43, p. 4.
572. R.D.B., 109/409/387; inf. from secy. to the trustees, 1990.
575. E.R.A.O., CCH/16; inf. from secy. to the trustees, 1990.
576. Inf. from Mrs. T. M. Stockdale, Hull, 1990.
577. Plaque in almsho.; inf. from Dr. J. E. S. Walker, Hornsea, 1997.
578. E.R.A.O., accession 1681; R.D.B., 923/259/218; 924/276/237.
579. Inf. from Char. Com., Liverpool, 1990.
580. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. i. 343–4.

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