Source: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2208/3760
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 06:54:37+00:00

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Abstract: This article explores the potential of open-access videos available on the Internet as a data source to identify key areas in a rather broad topic in an international context. In order to understand the latest trends relating to a global issue, the study focuses on "global health," which is a growing interdisciplinary concept across health studies, international management and public policy research. By focusing on a video of a high-profile panel discussion in particular, the study also exemplifies main features of MAXQDA to assess the dialogues made by different speakers in the video. In doing so, the article considers key aspects related to the use of the existing videos and the nature of panel discussion, and how a combination of online videos and CAQDAS can pave the way for further research.
3.3 Discussion about a big issue: What is "global health"?
In order to explore the latest situation relating to global health, the following section examines a video entitled "TICAD V Official Side Event: High-Level Panel 'From Okinawa to Tomorrow'". The panel discussion in this video clip was organized as a side event of the "Tokyo International Conference on African Development" (TICAD V), held in Japan in June 2013, and the video was subsequently published on YouTube by JCIEGlobalStudio as an official video from the event. This video was selected for this study from approximately 60 video clips that I collected for a broader research agenda for public-private interactions on global issues. It provides an ideal setting for the analysis of a wide-ranging discussion since the panel consists of experts in global health, but of different backgrounds. Therefore, the content of the discussion is very extensive reflecting each speaker's expertise. The panel discussion involves six speakers: a moderator and five panelists. They are affiliated with different global-health organizations. Table 1 outlines the profiles of the speakers.
However, which way would suit most depends on the frequency of language switching and the length of talk in a different language. If language switching occurs only once or very few times in a video, the second option, i.e., transcribing in the original language (Japanese in the case of this video), and then providing a literal translation in English on the transcript can be useful to grasp what the speaker said at a glance, as shown in Figure 1.
As many qualitative researchers are well aware, coding in a qualitative study tends to be a long process. Sharon BONG (2002) warns that there is a pitfall that researchers might regard coding as an end, rather than a means of theory building. As Raymond LEE and Nigel FIELDING (1996) argue, the prime aim of coding is data reduction. Therefore, simply indexing or coding line by line does not necessarily achieve conceptualization (SAILLARD, 2011). In analyzing a video of a panel discussion on a complex topic in particular, it is crucial to understand what each speaker is trying to say, and grasp a key point of the argument. In this study, MAXQDA's codeline browser was operated after careful coding in order to obtain a comprehensive view of the codes assigned to the transcription. The codeline browser visualizes the structure of a document and overlaps of codes in different paragraphs. This feature is very useful throughout the analytical process of a panel discussion in terms of assessing the flow of conversation as well as each speaker's discussion points. It illustrates how the discussion was organized, how the focus of the discussion shifted, and what codes were associated with each speaker, in a sequential manner. For the transcription of the panel discussion, this was done by coding each speaker's part with a relevant name, such as "Moderator," "Speaker A," "Speaker B," and so on, in the document. Figure 2 shows the code line for the selected codes assigned to the document.
Now we will look into what the speakers talked about in relation to several issues in global health, and how often they referred to the topic/issue during the discussion; in other words, the associations between each speaker and different codes, as well as the frequency of the codes in the document. In doing so, the code relations browser is used. It is one of MAXQDA's visual tools, which indicates the frequency of the overlaps by the size of the square/circular nodes in a chart; it can also show the frequency numerically. The latter visualization is shown in Figure 3.
In Figure 3, the speakers are listed on the x-axis, while the four main codes, namely "investment," "technology," "policy issues" and "communities" and their sub-codes, are included on the y-axis. Sub-codes can be hidden/shown by clicking a plus/minus button at the top of the code. In Figure 3, only the sub-codes for "communities" are shown to demonstrate this. The value created by the code relations browser can be exported to an Excel file to obtain the total number of codes, as Table 2 shows.
As the code relations show, overall the code group "policy issues" took up the biggest proportion of codes than the other main codes. Since the code category of "policy issues" is rather broad, it is now necessary to examine each sub-code in this category in more detail through the code-subcode-segment model. This model is one of the free-mapping tools, which are called MAXMaps in MAXQDA. The model investigates instances of sub-codes within a main code. In its standard format, the model displays the main code and its sub-codes in a radial symmetry connected by simple straight lines, but the diagram can be re-arranged by adding text, changing lines and moving objects. Less important sub-codes can be hidden in a different layer, or simply deleted. In Figure 4, six sub-codes in "policy issues" are activated. Each sub-code is connected to coded segments (shown as small, shield-shaped objects). The content of a segment can be viewed by hovering over a shield, so that it is easy to grasp what was actually said by a speaker in the exact place where the code is assigned.
Grounded on the results obtained through MAXQDA, a conceptual map can be drawn using MAXQDA's code theory model. There are two ways to execute this: 1. drag codes onto the map one by one, or 2. drag a main code and its sub-codes onto the map together. In this project file, all of the main codes mentioned above are organized under the first-level code with the broad code name "key issues in global health." Thus, this parent code, together with all of the attached memos, was selected for insertion into the map window, and then they were reorganized on the map browser, as Figure 5 shows. Figure 5 still shows memos for reference purposes, but these can be hidden or deleted for clearer visual presentation.
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Dr. Faith HATANI is lecturer in international business at Manchester Business School, the University of Manchester, UK. Her research focuses on the role of international business in economic development. She is interested in qualitative analysis of public-private interactions in achieving development goals, and foreign direct investment in infrastructure, in particular in developing countries.

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