Source: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1756498.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 21:21:37+00:00

Document:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff - Appellee, v. LEONID SHIFRIN, Defendant - Appellant.
Leonid Shifrin appeals from a district court order denying his motion to modify a condition of supervised release. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, see United States v. Lonjose, 663 F.3d 1292, 1299-1300 (10th Cir. 2011), and affirm.
Shifrin filed a motion to reconsider this condition in August 2016, arguing that he will be unable to pay the full restitution award in six months. The district court denied the motion in a minute order, stating that “[f]ailure to pay the entire balance does not mean that supervised release will be revoked.” Shifrin timely appealed.
We generally review a district court order imposing a condition of supervised release for abuse of discretion. See Lonjose, 663 F.3d at 1302. However, if a defendant fails to object to a condition at the time it is announced, we review only for plain error. United States v. Mike, 632 F.3d 686, 691 (10th Cir. 2011). “To establish plain error, the defendant must show: (1) error, (2) that is plain, which (3) affects substantial rights, and which (4) seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Id. at 691-92 (quotation omitted).
In imposing restitution against a defendant, a district court is required to “order restitution to each victim in the full amount of each victim's losses as determined by the court and without consideration of the economic circumstances of the defendant.” 18 U.S.C. § 3664(f)(1)(A). However, the court must also “specify in the restitution order the manner in which, and the schedule according to which, the restitution is to be paid, in consideration of ․ the financial resources and other assets of the defendant.” § 3664(f)(2). If a defendant is ordered to pay restitution, he must “make such payment immediately, unless, in the interest of justice, the court provides for payment on a date certain or in installments.” § 3572(d)(1).
Based on the foregoing, the district court should have included an explicit payment schedule in its order revoking supervised release, which took into consideration Shifrin's financial resources and ability to immediately pay the amount due. The government points to a separate condition of supervised release, which requires that Shifrin “apply any monies received from income tax refunds, lottery winnings, inheritances, judgments, and any anticipated or unexpected financial gains to the outstanding court ordered financial obligation in this case.” It contends that Shifrin's payment obligation while on supervised release applies only to these financial gains. But the order does not suggest that Shifrin's payment obligation is so limited; instead, this condition is separate and distinct from the schedule of payments.
Nevertheless, even assuming the district court committed plain error, we decline to exercise our discretion to correct it under the fourth prong of the plain-error test. See United States v. Turrietta, 696 F.3d 972, 984 (10th Cir. 2012). To satisfy the fourth prong, a defendant must show that an error was “particularly egregious,” akin to a “miscarriage of justice,” such that it will “seriously affect[ ] the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the judicial proceedings.” Id. (quotations omitted). Although the district court should have provided a schedule of payments properly reflecting Shifrin's financial resources, it explained to Shifrin, in response to the present motion, that “[f]ailure to pay the entire balance does not mean that supervised release will be revoked.” Accordingly, it is highly unlikely that Shifrin will suffer any adverse consequence in the absence of an explicit schedule. Shifrin could appeal separately should such consequences eventually occur. See United States v. Morgan, 44 F. App'x 881, 887 (10th Cir. 2002) (unpublished).
AFFIRMED. Shifrin's motion to proceed in forma pauperis is GRANTED.

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