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Timestamp: 2019-04-25 22:47:05+00:00

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3 1 Executive Summary The present Industry Guidelines on the Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods are intended to provide a common understanding of the major issues to be taken into account by food business operators, flavourings producers and other stakeholders. The Guidelines are divided into different Chapters and Annexes. They include the original text as provided in the Regulation (in coloured text boxes), interpretations and industry s common understanding as well as some illustrative examples to highlight specific cases. Several statements and positions follow consultation with the Commission Services and, where applicable and available, their interpretation is included. Chapter 1, Scope and definitions, provides a brief overview on the scope and definitions provided in the Regulation, including some illustrative examples. Chapter 2, Timescale for implementation of the Union List, consists of a summary diagram on the timescale for implementation, where additional information and national specific issues are provided in Annex I. Chapter 3, Sales description for flavourings, including the use of the term natural and its possible designations are highlighted. Chapter 4, Labelling of flavourings in the ingredients list of flavoured food and beverages, examines the possibilities for labelling flavourings in the ingredients list of flavoured products. Different cases and examples are included. Undesirable substances as listed in the Regulation in Annex III Article 6 are provided in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 and 7 are devoted to the communication of data and monitoring of intake and organoleptic controls, respectively. Chapter 8 refers to the Union List of flavouring substances and sources materials in Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008. Annex I: Guidance on the use of Flavourings with modifying properties. Annex II: Timescale for the application of Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008. Disclaimer: These Guidelines were developed by FoodDrinkEurope members. They are intended to provide a common understanding on the major issues to be taken into account. The statements and interpretations provided in these Guidelines aim at reflecting a European-wide point of view and should not prejudice national interpretations. Ultimately, however, it is a matter for each company to determine the appropriate interpretation.
5 3 Natural flavouring substances Article 3 (2) (c) Natural flavouring substance shall mean a flavouring substance obtained by appropriate physical, enzymatic or microbiological processes from material of vegetable, animal or microbiological origin either in the raw state or after processing for human consumption by one or more of the traditional food preparation processes listed in Annex II. Natural flavouring substances correspond to substances that are naturally present and have been identified in nature. Example: Natural flavouring substance: menthol obtained by fractionated distillation from mint oil. Limonene obtained by steam distillation from oranges Flavouring preparations Article 3 (2) (e) Flavouring preparation shall mean a product, other than a flavouring substance, obtained from: (i) food by appropriate physical, enzymatic or microbiological processes either in the raw state of the material or after processing for human consumption by one or more of the traditional food preparation processes listed in Annex II; and/or (ii) material of vegetable, animal or microbiological origin, other than food, by appropriate physical, enzymatic or microbiological processes, the material being taken as such or prepared by one or more of the traditional food preparation processes listed in Annex II. Examples: A mint extract is a flavouring preparation, whereas menthol is a flavouring substance A vanilla extract is a flavouring preparation, whereas vanillin is a flavouring substance Orange oil or black pepper oleoresin are flavouring preparations Thermal process flavourings Article 3 (2) (d) Thermal process flavouring shall mean a product obtained after heat treatment from a mixture of ingredients not necessarily having flavouring properties themselves, of which at least one contains nitrogen (amino) and another is a reducing sugar; the ingredients for the production of thermal process flavourings may be: (i) food; and/or (ii) source material other than food. Smoke flavourings Article 3 (2) (f) Smoke flavouring shall mean a product obtained by fractionation and purification of a condensed smoke yielding primary smoke condensates, primary tar fractions and/or derived smoke flavourings as defined in points (1), (2) and (4) of Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 2065/2003.
7 5 b) Food Ingredients with flavouring properties Article 3 (2) (i) Food ingredient with flavouring properties shall mean a food ingredient other than flavourings which may be added to food for the main purpose of adding flavour to it or modifying its flavour and which contributes significantly to the presence in food of certain naturally occurring undesirable substances. Example: Cinnamon (contains coumarin) in bakery wares c) Source materials Article 3 (2) (j) Source material shall mean material of vegetable, animal, microbiological or mineral origin from which flavourings or food ingredients with flavouring properties are produced; it may be: (i) food; or (ii) source material other than food. Examples: Unprocessed foods: Fruits, Vegetables, Mushrooms, Meat, Fish, Rose petals, Spices, Aromatic plants Processed foods: Black soya beans (fermentation/ torrefaction), Cheese (enzymatic action), Green coffee (torrefaction) Industry s understanding According to Regulation 178/2002/EC 1, food is considered as any substance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by humans. Materials of vegetable, animal, microbiological and mineral origin for which it can sufficiently be demonstrated that they have been used for the production of flavourings are also considered to be food in this context 2. This is considered to take account of materials used anywhere worldwide 3 for these purposes prior to the application date of the Regulation. Any other material will be considered as non-food and will have to be evaluated when used as a source material for flavouring preparations, thermal process flavourings or flavour precursors in accordance with the Regulation. Annex IV of the Regulation provides a list of source materials to which restrictions of use apply: Part A lists source materials 4 not to be used for the production of flavourings and/or food ingredients with flavouring properties Part B provides conditions of use for some other source materials 5 1 See Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 ( General Food Law ) OJ L 31, , p See Article 3.3 of the Regulation. Please also refer to Recital (16) of the Regulation. 3 No restriction is made in the Regulation limiting this only to the European Union. 4 Tetraploid form of Acorus calamus L. 5 Quassia amara L. and Picrasma excelsa (Sw), Laricifomes officinales (Vill.: Fr) Kotl. et Pouz or Fomes officinalis, Hypericum perforatum L., Teucrium chamaedrys L.
9 7 2 Timescale for Implementation of the Union List As a fi rst step, a Union list of fl avouring substances has been established by Commission Regulation (EU) No 872/2012 (2) by introducing the list of fl avouring substances into Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 and by fi xing the dates of application of that list. As a second step, the fl avourings and source materials referred to in Article 9(b) to (f) must be evaluated. Commission Regulation (EU) No 873/2012 provides transitional measures for this achievement. 2.1 Timeline for the Implementing Regulation 872/2012 adopting the List of Flavouring Substances (Part A of Annex I referred to in Regulation 1334/2008) Annex 1 Part A Flavouring substances Part B Flavouring preparations Part C Part D Thermal process fl avourings Flavour precursors 22 October 2014 Part E Other fl avourings Part F Source materials 22 April October October 2012 Publication Regulation 872/2012 adopting the Falvouring Substance List Entry into Force of Regulation 872/2012 Application Date of the List of Falvouring Substances. All Substances listed in Part A Annex 1 are allowed in EU End of the transitional period: Only substances listed may be used. All additional requirements mentioned int he List have to be met. Stocks of foods can be exhausted until date of minimum durability (DMD)/ use by date (UBD) if labelled before 22 October 2014.
10 8 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings 2.2 Timeline for Regulation 873/2012 on transitional measures for Annex I Parts B-F of the Union List referred to in Regulation 1334/2008 Annex 1 Part A Flavouring substances Part B Flavouring preparations Part C Part D Thermal process fl avourings Flavour precursors 22 April 2018 Part E Other fl avourings Part F Source materials 22 October October October October 2012 Publication Regulation 873/2012 Entry into Force of Regulation 873/2012 End of time window for submissions of dossiers for fl avouring ingredients Part B-F of Annex 1 Application Date for Part B-F of Annex 1 End of the transitional period: Only flavouring agents listed under B-F may be used. Stocks of foods can be exhausted until date of minimum durability (DMD)/use by date (UBD) if labelled before 22 October 2014.
11 9 3 Sales Description for Flavourings 3.1 General labelling The general labelling requirements are laid down in Article 15. Art 15(1) (a) stipulates that the sales description of flavourings shall be either flavouring or a more specific name or description of the flavouring. The reference to a source without the term natural (e.g. apple flavouring) is only seen as a description of the taste and not of the source material. 3.2 Provisions for the use of the term natural Specific requirements for the use of the term natural are laid down in Article Use of the term natural : Art. 16 (2) Article 16 Specific requirements for use of the term natural : Paragraph 2: The term natural for the description of a flavouring may only be used if the flavouring component comprises only flavouring preparations and/or natural flavouring substances. For all the examples detailed below, the use of the term natural to describe a flavouring is possible only if the flavouring component is made up exclusively of natural flavouring preparations and/or natural flavouring substances. The inclusion of all other categories of flavourings (flavouring precursors, smoke flavourings, etc ) prevents the flavouring from being described as natural. Additives and other ingredients present in a flavouring do not jeopardize its natural status, therefore food ingredients such as vegetable oil and maltodextrin and carriers such as propylene glycol do not alter the natural status. Recital 26 indicates that the source of the flavourings should be labelled, except when the source materials referred to would not be recognised in the flavour or taste of the food. In general, recitals may express the legislators intention and do therefore help in the interpretation of the Regulation, but they are not legally binding. Only Art 16(5) relating to Natural X Flavouring WONF (see below 3.2.3) specifically requires recognition of the flavour of X (for more information please consult Chapter 4).
12 10 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings Natural flavouring substance(s) : Art. 16 (3) Article 16 Specific requirements for use of the term natural : Paragraph 3: The term natural flavouring substance(s) may only be used for flavourings in which the flavouring component contains exclusively natural flavouring substances. A flavouring in which the flavouring component is made up only of natural flavouring substances may be labelled natural flavouring substances. Industry s understanding The term natural flavouring substances is authorised for use if the flavouring component only contains flavouring materials that fit the definition natural flavouring substance. If preferred and if applicable, the term natural X flavourings, natural X flavouring with other natural flavourings or natural flavouring may be used as an alternative. It is possible to supplement the wording natural flavouring substance(s) with information such as the name of the substance (e.g. menthol, vanillin) if this information may seem of interest to the consumer Natural X flavouring 7 : Art. 16 (4) Article 16 Specific requirements for use of the term natural : Paragraph 4: The term natural may only be used in combination with a reference to a food, food category or a vegetable or animal flavouring source if the flavouring component has been obtained exclusively or by at least 95% by w/w from the source material referred to. The description shall read natural food(s) or food category or source(s) flavouring. The flavouring component should be obtained at least 95% by w/w from the source material referred to and the flavour perception of the named source needs to be easily recognised. Additional information on 95/5 rule Assessment of the 95/5-ratio The 95/5-ratio is examined on the basis of the formula composition. At least 95% by w/w of the flavouring component (i.e. flavouring preparations and/or natural flavouring substances have to be obtained from the source material(s) referred to. 7 X stands for food(s) or food category or source(s).
14 12 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings X may be a food category Industry s understanding It is possible to make reference to food categories as commonly understood by the consumers and which is not misleading, always taking into account the locally applicable rules. As an example in the French Syrup decree , red fruitsare defined as blueberry/cranberry, blackcurrant, strawberry, redcurrant, cherry, sweet cherry and acerola. Non-exhaustive list of examples: Natural citrus flavouring Natural herb flavouring Natural red berries flavouring Natural X flavouring with other natural flavourings : Art. 16 (5) Article 16 Specific requirements for use of the term natural : Paragraph 5: The term natural food(s) or food category or source(s) flavouring with other natural flavourings may only be used if the flavouring component is partially derived from the source material referred to, the flavour of which can easily be recognised. The Regulation does not set minimum requirements on the proportion of X w/w but consumer must not be misled, Article 4(b). Industry s understanding Recital 26 When less than 95% of the flavouring component derived from the source referred to has been used and the flavour of the source can still be recognised, the source should be revealed together with a statement that other natural flavourings have been added To use the sales description natural X flavouring with other natural flavourings it is required that flavouring materials derived from the named source(s) are present and that their flavour can easily be recognised It is recognised that different flavouring materials have different sensorial thresholds and that flavour-perception cannot be quantified easily. The qualification for meeting the requirement can easily be recognized will therefore be based on expert opinion, by e.g. a flavourist or a sensory panel evaluating the consumer product. The labelling of consumer products is the responsibility of the food manufacturer.
15 Natural flavouring : Art. 16 (6) Article 16 Specific requirements for use of the term natural : Paragraph 6: The term natural flavouring may only be used if the flavouring component is derived from different source materials and where a reference to the source materials would not reflect their flavour or taste. There are two cumulative conditions: 1. The flavouring component is derived from different source materials AND 2. Reference to the source materials does not reflect their flavour or taste Industry s understanding If a single source material is used and its flavour is not recognisable, it should be possible to label natural flavouring. The term natural flavouring is available for flavourings when no clear relationship between the different source materials used in the flavouring component and the overall taste exists. In case of uncertainty about this relationship, it is recommended to use the term natural flavouring.
16 14 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings 4 Labelling of flavourings in the ingredients list of flavoured food and beverages 4.1 Introduction The requirements for the labelling of flavourings in the ingredients list are laid down in Part D of Annex VII Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Points 1 and 2 explicitly refer to the relevant provisions of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008. It is worth noticing that no reference to the recitals of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008 is made in Regulation (EU) 1169/2011. The purpose of the recitals is to set out concise reasons for the chief provisions of the enacting terms [i.e., legislative provisions] 11. In other words, recitals are the part of an act which state the reasons on which the act is based. In basic acts, such as a Regulation, recitals explain the general philosophy of the act rather than giving all the reasons for each specific provision laid down therein. However, specific reasons for a number of individual provisions can also be given in the recitals of a Regulation 12. As recitals explain the background to a Regulation, as well as its aims and objectives, they are important to a correct understanding of the legislative provisions which follow. Indeed, their purpose is among others to enable the Court of Justice of the European Union to exercise its power of review 13, and they are therefore relevant when interpreting a legislative text. However, recitals do not contain normative provisions and they have no binding legal force. Recitals of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008 state the reasons on which the Regulation is based and they are therefore relevant for understanding its provisions, including the ones which relate to the designation of flavourings in the list of ingredients. In this regard, recital 7 makes it clear that the aim of the Regulation is to also cover the labelling of flavourings when present in the final food ( [ ] the use of flavourings must not mislead the consumer and their presence in food should, therefore, always be indicated by appropriate labelling [ ] ). Recitals 25, 26 and 27 explain the reasons for the requirements applying to the use of the term natural in the designation of flavourings in the list of ingredients and they are therefore relevant when interpreting Article 16, which lays down the requirements applicable in this respect. Recital 26, in particular, explains that the aim of the information requirements applying to the use of the term natural is to ensure that consumers are not misled concerning the source material used for the preparation of a natural flavouring. It also states the principle that the source of a natural flavouring should be indicated in labelling, except in specific cases. 11 Legal service, European Parliament et al., Joint Practical Guide of the European Parliament, The Council and the Commission for persons involved in the drafting of legislation within the Community Institutions (2013) [hereinafter Joint Practical Guide], available at p Id., p Id., p. 19.
18 16 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings Example 1: Natural vanilla flavouring used in chocolate In this case a natural vanilla flavouring is used in chocolate. The chocolate does not taste significantly of vanilla, but the flavouring is used to round off the overall taste. Article 18.4 and Annex VII, Part D, point 2 of Regulation 1169/2011 (FIC) lay down the specific provisions for the use of the term natural in order to designate flavourings in the list of ingredients. Annex VII, Part D specifically refers to the Article 16 of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008 (flavour Regulation). This implies that all provisions of Article 16 need to be applied for the designation of natural flavourings in the list of ingredients. Article 16.4 of Regulation (EC) 1334/2008 sets the requirements for use of term natural and reads as follows: The term natural may only be used in combination with a reference to a food, food category or a vegetable or animal flavouring source if the flavouring component has been obtained exclusively or by at least 95% by w/w from the source material referred to. The description shall read natural food(s) or food category or source(s) flavouring. It does not mention that the source has to be recognised. We believe that therefore the name of the source should be indicated, even if the taste of the source material of the flavouring component cannot be recognised in the food. It is true that Recital 26 explains the spirit of the Regulation 1334/2008 and reads as following: the source of the flavourings should be labelled, except when the source materials referred to would not be recognised in the flavour or taste of the food. We believe that this recital applies for the interpretation of the full Article 16 with all its paragraphs. This means that for natural X flavourings, natural X with other natural flavourings, natural flavourings, the indication of the source are the same i.e. that the source should be labelled. The source should be labelled unless specific conditions are laid down. And these specific conditions are laid down only in the Articles 16.5 (natural flavouring with other natural flavourings) and 16.6 (natural flavourings) through the additional sentences The term natural may only be used in combination with a reference to a food, food category or a vegetable or animal flavouring source if the flavouring component has been obtained exclusively or by at least 95% by w/w from the source material referred to. The description shall read natural food(s) or food category or source(s) flavouring The term natural food(s) or food category or source(s) flavouring with other natural flavourings may only be used if the flavouring component is partially derived from the source material referred to, the flavour of which can easily be recognised The term natural flavouring may only be used if the flavouring component is derived from different source materials and where a reference to the source materials would not reflect their flavour or taste. When looking back at the genesis of the Regulation (EC) 1334/2008, it was clear that both Commission and Council were of the opinion that the indication of the source was of the utmost importance for the information of the consumer. The best example for this was that the amendment of the European Parliament to introduce possibility to designate natural X flavouring and natural X flavourings with other natural flavourings under the generic term natural flavouring was rejected. Recommended labelling: Natural vanilla flavouring.
22 20 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings 5.3 Special cases: Annex III B note at bottom of page (*) Annex III Presence of certain substances Part B footnote (*) (*) The maximum levels shall not apply where a compound food contains no added flavourings and the only food ingredients with flavouring properties which have been added are fresh, dried or frozen herbs and spices. After consultation with the Member States and the Authority, based on data made available by the Member States and on the newest scientific information, and taking into account the use of herbs and spices and natural flavouring preparations, the Commission, if appropriate, proposes amendments to this derogation. There is an exception for three substances: Estragol Methyleugenol Safrol For these substances, the maximum levels do not apply to compound foods within the scope of the Regulation: Which do not contain any flavourings 16 AND Which contain food ingredients with flavouring properties which are uniquely fresh, dried or frozen herbs and spices 16 This has been clarified by the Commission and Member States to refer to flavourings which contain the active principle only. It is possible to use flavourings provided that they don t add to the level.
23 21 6 Communication of data and monitoring of intake 6.1 Information to be communicated by food business operators: Art. 19 Article 19 Reporting by the food business operators 1. A producer or user of a flavouring substance, or the representative of such producer or user, shall, at the request of the Commission, inform it of the amount of the substance added to foods in the Community in a period of 12 months. The information provided in this context shall be treated as confidential insofar as this information is not required for the safety assessment. Information on the use levels for specific food categories in the Community shall be made available to Member States by the Commission. ( ) When requested, there is an obligation for producers and users of flavouring substances to communicate to the Commission the quantity of a substance added to foods in the Community during the course of a 12 month period. Industry s understanding The responsibility to transmit information directly should affect the food industry only for flavouring substances purchased directly and added to food directly, and not for those purchased which are part of formulated flavourings. Once flavouring substances are used in the formulation of a flavouring, the responsibility to provide information to the Commission lays with the flavouring manufacturer. Because flavouring manufacturers cannot be sure in what products their flavourings are used (these might be non-food applications and food exported from the EU) and because the flavouring manufactures do not have information on the dosage levels used by the food operator, considerable overestimation of consumption is likely to occur. Article 19 Reporting by the food business operators ( ) 4. Detailed rules for the implementation of paragraph 1 shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 21(2). Note: the method of transmission of information and the collection by the authorities will be determined by Comitology. This position may therefore be revised once the procedure is defined.
24 22 FoodDrinkEurope Guidelines on Flavourings 6.2 Intake and reports from Member States: Art. 20 The Member States must put in place a monitoring system according to Article 20. Article 20 Monitoring and reporting by the Member States 1. Member States shall establish systems to monitor the consumption and use of flavourings set out in the Community list and the consumption of the substances listed in Annex III on a risk-based approach, and shall report their findings with appropriate frequency to the Commission and to the Authority. 2. After the Authority has been consulted, a common methodology for the gathering by Member States of information on the consumption and use of flavourings set out in the Community list and of the substances listed in Annex III shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure referred to in Article 21(2) by 20 January The monitoring and reporting by Member States includes: intake and use of flavourings in the Union list intake of substances included in Annex III The substances in Annex III present in food as a result of: The use of food ingredients with flavouring properties AND/OR The use of flavourings derived from certain source materials Consequently, the manufacturers of foods containing flavourings and/or food ingredients with flavouring properties must be in a position to communicate equivalent data. At the date of publication of the guidance no common methodology to gather the necessary data has been published. N.B: Flavouring manufacturers are seeking to make available to the authorities all the relevant information.
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References: Art 15
 Art. 16
 Art 16
 Art. 16
 Art. 16
 Art. 16
 Art. 16
 Art. 19
 Art. 20