Source: https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-1/73-tonnage-duties.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 15:01:01+00:00

Document:
Clause 3. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
For the purpose of determining wharfage charges, it is immaterial whether the wharf was built by the state, a municipal corporation, or an individual. Where the wharf was owned by a city, the fact that the city realized a profit beyond the amount expended did not render the toll objectionable.2262 The services of harbor masters for which fees are allowed must be actually rendered, and a law permitting harbor masters or port wardens to impose a fee in all cases is void.2263 A state may not levy a tonnage duty to defray the expenses of its quarantine system,2264 but it may exact a fixed fee for examination of all vessels passing quarantine.2265 A state license fee for ferrying on a navigable river is not a tonnage tax but rather is a proper exercise of the police power and the fact that a vessel is enrolled under federal law does not exempt it.2266 In the State Tonnage Tax Cases,2267 an annual tax on steamboats measured by their registered tonnage was held invalid despite the contention that it was a valid tax on the steamboat as property.
2257 Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, Alaska, 557 U.S. ___, No. 08–310, slip op. at 3, 4 (2009).
2258 Clyde Mallory Lines v. Alabama, 296 U.S. 261, 265 (1935); Cannon v. City of New Orleans, 87 U.S. (20 Wall.) 577, 581 (1874); Transportation Co. v. Wheeling, 99 U.S. 273, 283 (1879); Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, Alaska, 557 U.S. ___, No. 08–310 (2009).
2259 Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, Alaska, 557 U.S. ___, No. 08–310, slip op. at 6 (2009) (citation omitted).
2260 Packet Co. v. Keokuk, 95 U.S. 80 (1877); Transportation Co. v. Parkersburg, 107 U.S. 691 (1883); Ouachita Packet Co. v. Aiken, 121 U.S. 444 (1887).
2261 Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 53 U.S. (12 How.) 299, 314 (1851); Ex parte McNiel, 80 U.S. (13 Wall.) 236 (1872); Inman Steamship Co. v. Tinker, 94 U.S. 238, 243 (1877); Packet Co. v. St. Louis, 100 U.S. 423 (1880); City of Vicksburg v. Tobin, 100 U.S. 430 (1880); Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg, 105 U.S. 559 (1882).
2262 Huse v. Glover, 119 U.S. 543, 549 (1886).
2263 Steamship Co. v. Portwardens, 73 U.S. (6 Wall.) 31 (1867).
2264 Peete v. Morgan, 86 U.S. (19 Wall.) 581 (1874).
2265 Morgan v. Louisiana, 118 U.S. 455, 462 (1886).
2266 Wiggins Ferry Co. v. City of East St. Louis, 107 U.S. 365 (1883). See also Gloucester Ferry Co. v. Pennsylvania, 114 U.S. 196, 212 (1885); Philadelphia Steamship Co. v. Pennsylvania, 122 U.S. 326, 338 (1887); Osborne v. City of Mobile, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 479, 481 (1873).
2267 79 U.S. (12 Wall.) 204, 217 (1871).
2268 Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 1, 45 (1849).
2269 Presser v. Illinois, 116 U.S. 252 (1886).
2270 Poole v. Fleeger, 36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 185, 209 (1837).
2271 Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co., 304 U.S. 92, 104 (1938).
2272 Frankfurter and Landis, The Compact Clause of the Constitution: A Study in Interstate Adjustments, 34 Yale L.j. 685, 691 (1925).
2275 39 U.S. (14 Pet.) 540 (1840).
2276 39 U.S. at 571, 572.
2277 148 U.S. 503, 518 (1893). See also Stearns v. Minnesota, 179 U.S. 223, 244 (1900).
2278 United States Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Comm’n, 434 U.S. 452 (1978). See also New Hampshire v. Maine, 426 U.S. 363 (1976).
2279 Frankfurter and Landis, The Compact Clause of the Constitution: A Study in Interstate Adjustments, 34 Yale L.j. 685 (1925); F. Zimmerman And M. Wendell, Interstate Compacts Since 1925 (1951); F. Zimmerman And M. Wendell, The Law And Use Of Interstate Compacts (1961).
2280 48 Stat. 909 (1934).
2281 F. Zimmerman And M. Wendell, Interstate Compacts Since 1925 91 (1951).
2282 7 U.S.C. § 515; 15 U.S.C. § 717j; 16 U.S.C. § 552; 33 U.S.C. §§ 11, 567– 567b.
2283 Green v. Biddle, 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 1, 85 (1823).
2284 Virginia v. Tennessee, 148 U.S. 503 (1893).
2285 Virginia v. West Virginia, 78 U.S. (11 Wall.) 39 (1871).
2286 Wharton v. Wise, 153 U.S. 155, 173 (1894).
2287 James v. Dravo Contracting Co., 302 U.S. 134 (1937). See also Arizona v. California, 292 U.S. 341, 345 (1934). When it approved the New York-New Jersey Waterfront Compact, 67 Stat. 541, Congress, for the first time, expressly gave its consent to the subsequent adoption of implementing legislation by the participating states. DeVeau v. Braisted, 363 U.S. 144, 145 (1960).
2288 Pennsylvania v. Wheeling & Belmont Bridge Co., 59 U.S. (18 How.) 421, 433 (1856).
2289 St. Louis & S.F. Ry. v. James, 161 U.S. 545, 562 (1896).
2290 Poole v. Fleeger, 36 U.S. (11 Pet.) 185, 209 (1837); Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 37 U.S. (12 Pet.) 657, 725 (1838).
2291 Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co., 304 U.S. 92, 104, 106 (1938).
2292 Green v. Biddle, 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.) 1, 13 (1823); Virginia v. West Virginia, 246 U.S. 565 (1918). See also Pennsylvania v. Wheeling & Belmont Bridge Co., 54 U.S. (13 How.) 518, 566 (1852); Olin v. Kitzmiller, 259 U.S. 260 (1922).
2293 Petty v. Tennessee-Missouri Bridge Comm’n, 359 U.S. 275 (1959).
2294 Texas v. New Mexico, 482 U.S. 124 (1987). If the compact makes no provision for resolving impasse, then the Court may exercise its jurisdiction to apportion waters of interstate streams. In doing so, however, the Court will not rewrite the compact by ordering appointment of a third voting commissioner to serve as a tiebreaker; rather, the Court will attempt to apply the compact to the extent that its provisions govern the controversy. Texas v. New Mexico, 462 U.S. 554 (1983).
2295 Virginia v. West Virginia, 246 U.S. 565, 601 (1918).
2296 Dyer v. Sims, 341 U.S. 22 (1951).

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