Source: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Trinidad%20and%20Tobago
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 03:52:40+00:00

Document:
BBC, Country Profiles: Trinidad and Tobago Profile, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12650940, Sep. 14, 2012..
 U.N., Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm, Feb. 11, 2013..
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2012, ACT 50/011/2013, Apr. 10, 2013. Larry Roberts, Trinidad executes nine in four days, Intl. Committee of the Fourth Intl., http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/jun1999/cari-j17.shtml , Jun. 17, 1999.
 Trinidad and Tobago Treason Act, art. 2, Act No. 16 of 1842, amended by Act No. 45 of 1979, 1979, as updated to Dec. 31, 2011. Larry Roberts, Trinidad executes nine in four days, Intl. Committee of the Fourth Intl., http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/jun1999/cari-j17.shtml , Jun. 17, 1999.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 16, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 BBC, Country Profiles: Trinidad and Tobago Profile, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12650940, Sep. 14, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2017, p. 13, ACT 50/7955/2018, Apr. 12, 2018.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions 2017, p. 13, ACT 50/7955/2018, Apr. 12, 2018.
 Amnesty Intl., Trinidad and Tobago: First execution in ten years threatened, http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=18358, Jul. 31, 2009.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 17, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 3, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 15, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Trinidad and Tobago Criminal Law Act, sec. 2(A), Act 20 of 1936, as amended by Act 16 of 1997 and Act 90 of 2000, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Anti-Terrorism Act, art. 19(2)(b), Act 26 of 2005, Sept. 13, 2005, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Treason Act, art. 2, Act 16 of 1842, Jul. 22, 1844, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Treason Act, art. 3, Act 16 of 1842, Jul. 22, 1844, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Genocide Act, art. 3(1)(a), Act 1 of 1977, Jan. 31, 1977, updated to Dec. 31, 2011 & Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person (Amendment) Act, Act No. 90 of 2000, Nov. 2, 2000.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 102, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003. Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, Note on Act 90 of 2000, p. 2, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, arts. 4D, 4E, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4H, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, arts. 4I, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, Appendix: Act 90 of 2000, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Parliament : Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Bills : First Session of the 10th Parliament : The Constitution (Amendment)(Capital Offences) Bill, 2011, last accessed Sep. 22, 2013. Trinidad and Tobago, The Constitution (Amendment) (Capital Offences) Bill, 2011, Bill No. 2 of 2011, First Session of Tenth Parliament.
 Matthew v. The State, No. 12 of 2004,  UKPC 33, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Jul. 7, 2004.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, pp. 14-15, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 4, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Trinidad and Tobago Genocide Act, art. 3(1)(a), Act 1 of 1977, Jan. 31, 1977 and Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, combined.
 Trinidad and Tobago Treason Act, art. 2, Act 16 of 1842, amended by Act 45 of 1979, 1979, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Anti-Terrorism Act, art. 19(2)(b), Act 26 of 2005, Sep. 13, 2005, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Sophia Chote, affiliated with the Criminal Bar of Trinidad and Tobago, and Leela M. Ramdeen, affiliated with the Catholic Commission for Social Justice, e-mail to DPW, DPW Doc. Trinidad E-1, Sep. 21, 2013.
 Trinidad and Tobago Criminal Law Act, sec. 2(A), Act 20 of 1936, as amended by Act 16 of 1997 and Act 90 of 2000, updated to Dec. 31, 2011. Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 4, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Nimrod Miguel v. The State, No. 37 of 2010,  UKPC 14, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Jun. 15, 2011. Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 15, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Trinidad and Tobago Children Act, s. 79, Act 4 of 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention, Second periodic Reports of States parties due in 1999, Trinidad and Tobago, para. 257, U.N. Doc. CRC/C/83/Add.12, Nov. 15, 2004.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, Nov. 20, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4〈=en, Jun. 8, 2013.
 Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, art. 37(a), Nov. 20, 1989.
 Amnesty Intl., Executions of Juveniles Since 1990, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/executions-of-child-offenders-since-1990, last accessed Aug. 2, 2013.
 Criminal Procedure Act, art. 62, Act 22 of 1925, Jun. 2, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4A, Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 2013, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 See, e.g., Pitman v. The State (Trinidad And Tobago), No. 89 of 2005,  UKPC 16, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Mar. 3, 2008. Nigel Brown v. The State, No. 107 of 2010,  UKPC 2, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Feb. 7, 2012.
 Criminal Procedure Act, arts. 64-66, Act 22 of 1925, Jun. 2, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Roger Hood & Carolyn Hoyle, The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective, p. 208, Oxford University Press, 4th ed., 2008.
 Offences Against the Person Act, art. 4A(1), Act 10 of 1925, Apr. 3, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Kennedy v. Trinidad and Tobago, CCPR/C/67/D/845/1999, U.N. Human Rights Committee, Dec. 31, 1999.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en , last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Second Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 1642 U.N.T.S. 414, Dec. 15, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4〈=en , last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Second Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 1642 U.N.T.S. 414, Dec. 15, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 13, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, Reservations, Denunciations, Withdrawals, B-32: Amer. Conv. on Human Rights, Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica, Nov. 22, 1969, http://cidh.oas.org/basicos/english/basic4.amer.conv.ratif.htm, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Status, Declarations, Reservations, Denunciations, Withdrawals A-53: Prot. to the Amer. Conv. on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty, Jun. 8, 1990, http://cidh.oas.org/basicos/english/basic8.death%20penalty%20ratif.htm, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 U.N.G.A., 63rd Session, Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty: Resolution, 70th Plenary Meeting, pp. 16-17, U.N. Doc. A/63/PV.70, Dec. 18, 2008.
While Trinidad has not carried out any executions since 1999, its abolitionist de facto status is the particular result of the jurisprudence of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council based in the United Kingdom, which as a result of Trinidad’s colonial past remains its highest appellate court. Without the Privy Council’s restrictive constitutional interpretations, Trinidad and Tobago would in all probability continue to carry out executions.
Capital punishment in Trinidad has been the subject of several recent in-depth studies.
All of the Privy Council’s judgments issued after July 2009 can be found on its website at http://www.jcpc.gov.uk/decided-cases/index.html. Earlier Privy Council judgments can be found on BAILII at http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC. The Privy Council Papers website provides detailed case records for all appeals considered by the JCPC between 1792 and 1998: http://www.privycouncilpapers.org.
Further selected Court of Appeal decisions from 1996 to 2006 are available on CommonLII at http://www.commonlii.org/tt/cases/TTCA/recent.html.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, art. 4(a), Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, art. 5(2)(b), Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, art. 6, Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003. Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 14, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, art. 13, Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003. Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 14, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, arts. 87-89, Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, arts. 42(1)(e), 48(1)(d), Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, art. 94 & Third Schedule (art. 5), Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 10, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Report 2013: Trinidad and Tobago, p. 271, Index: POL 10/001/2013, May 23, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Trinidad and Tobago : Further Information : Execution Bill Defeated, Index: AMR 49/003/2011, Mar. 2, 2011.
 U.N.G.A., 67th Session, 60th Plenary Meeting, pp. 16-17, U.N. Doc. A/67/PV.60, Dec. 20, 2012. U.N.G.A., 65th Session, 71st Plenary Meeting, pp. 18-19, U.N. Doc. A/65/PV.71, Dec. 21, 2010. U.N.G.A., 63rd Session, Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty: Resolution, 70th Plenary Meeting, pp. 16-17, U.N. Doc. A/63/PV.70, Dec. 18, 2008. U.N.G.A., 62nd Session, 76th Plenary Meeting, pp. 16-17, U.N. Doc. A/62/PV.76, Dec. 18, 2007.
 Mark James, Major steps to abolish death penalty in CARICOM, Catholic Commission for Social Justice, rcsocialjusticett.org/2.0/2010/10/28/major-steps-to-abolish-death-penalty-in-caricom, Oct. 28, 2010.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 7, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Annual Report 2012 : Trinidad and Tobago, http://www.amnesty.org/en/annual-report/2012, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 14, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 Darren Bahaw : DPP : Milestone ruling to revolutionise death penalty, www.trinidadexpress.com/news/DPP__Milestone_ruling_to_revolutionise_death_penalty_-124051164.html, Jun. 17, 2011.
 Gail Alexander, Abolitionists to hold conference in Spain, www.guardian.co.tt/news/2013-06-11/abolitionists-hold-conference-spain, Trinidad Guardian, Jun. 11, 2013.
 Trinidad Guardian, Ramlogan wants Opposition support for death penalty, guardian.co.tt/news/2013-03-03/ramlogan-wants-opposition-support-death-penalty, Mar. 3, 2013.
 Status, Declarations, Reservations, Denunciations, Withdrawals, B-32: Amer. Conv. on Human Rights, Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica, Nov. 22, 1969, http://cidh.oas.org/basicos/english/basic4.amer.conv.ratif.htm, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013. Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Jul. 31, 2013.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012. Amnesty Intl., Urgent Action, First Execution in Ten Years Threatened, AMR 49/001/2009, Jul. 24, 2009.
 Dr. Hamid Ghany, The CCJ and the Death Penalty, Trinidad Guardian, www.guardian.co.tt/columnist/2013-05-19/ccj-and-death-penalty, May 19, 2013. Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, Death Penalty Cases for Final Court, www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,159111.html, Apr. 26, 2012. Andre Bagoo, Hangings Could Resume, Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,159106.html, Apr. 26, 2012.
 David F. Greenberg and Biko Agozino, Executions, imprisonment and crime in Trinidad and Tobago, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 52, p. 113, 2012.
 Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal, A rare and arbitrary fate: Conviction for Murder, the Mandatory Death Penalty and the Reality of Homicide in Trinidad and Tobago: A Report to the Death Penalty Project, http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/documents/rep-2006-rare-and-arbitrary-en.pdf, University of the West Indies Faculty of Law and University of Oxford Centre for Criminology, 2006.
 Roger Hood, Florence Seemungal, Douglas Mendes, & Jeffrey Fagan, A Penalty Without Legitimacy The Mandatory Death Penalty In Trinidad and Tobogo, Death Penalty Project, http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/assets/7/original/09.08.10_Trinidad_Publication.pdf?1259080068, Mar. 7, 2009.
 Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal, Public Opinion on the Mandatory Death Penalty in Trinidad : A Summary of the Main Findings of a Survey : A Report for the Death Penalty Project and the Rights Advocacy Project of the University of the West Indies Faculty of Law, http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/fulltexts/49/original/11.02.23_SUMMARY_EDITED_PO_REPORT_REVISED_23_FEB1.pdf?1298482044, Feb. 23, 2011.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review : Trinidad and Tobago, para. 89, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/19/7, Dec. 14, 2011.
 Matthew v. State, No. 12 of 2004, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 2004. Roodal v. State, No. 18 of 2003, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 2003.
 Dana Seetahal, The Privy Council Has Done It Again, Trinidad Express, www.trinidadexpress.com/commentaries/The_Privy_Council_has_done_it_again-124120214.html, Jun. 18, 2011.
 Pratt & Morgan v. Jamaica, No. 10 of 1993, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 1993.
 Darcus Howe, The Privy Council halts Caribbean hangings, New Statesman, http://www.newstatesman.com/node/138775, Oct. 16, 2000. Amnesty Intl., Urgent Action, First Execution in Ten Years Threatened, AMR 49/001/2009, Jul. 24, 2009. Attorney General v. Boyce, paras. 15, 47, 117, 126, 131, 138-139, Appeal No. CV 2 of 2005, Caribbean Court of Justice, Jun. 21, 2006 (discussing the effect of the 5-year limit imposed by Pratt).
 Pitman v. The State (Trinidad And Tobago), No. 89 of 2005,  UKPC 16, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Mar. 3, 2008.
 Nigel Brown v. The State, No. 107 of 2010,  UKPC 2, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Feb. 7, 2012. Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, pp. 19-20, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 20, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Criminal Procedure Act, art. 70, Act 22 of 1925, Jun. 2, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 108, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 109-113, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Trinidad and Tobago Criminal Procedure Act, art. 6, Act 22 of 1925, Jun. 2, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 24, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, para. 25, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Trinidad and Tobago Criminal Procedure Act, art. 46(1), Act 22 of 1925, Jun. 2, 1925, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Catherine A. Deane and Vincent Moyer, Trinidad and Tobago Law and Legal Research, GlobaLex, http://www.nyulawglobal.org/Globalex/Trinidad_Tobago1.htm#judicialbranch, Apr. 2013.
 The Constitution of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, arts. 108-109, Act 4 of 1976, last amended by Act 89 of 2000, 2003.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 91-92, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 95-96, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature Act, art. 43, Act 12 of 1962, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature Act, art. 51, Act 12 of 1962, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
We found no reports of individuals sentenced to death for a crime committed while under the age of 18.
 Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty, The Caribbean: Trinidad/Tobago, http://www.ccadp.org/islands.htm, Feb. 16, 2006.
 Francis Joseph, 86 killers escape hangman, Trinidad and Tobago’s Newsday, http://newsday.co.tt/news/0,19782.html, Jul. 8, 2004.
 U.S. State Department, 2012 Human Rights Reports : Trinidad and Tobago, Prison and Detention Center Conditions, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2012/wha/204482.htm, Apr. 19, 2013.
 Trinidad Guardian, New prisons’ inspector : Don’t expect magic wand, www.guardian.co.tt/news/2011/01/22/don-t-expect-magic-wand, Jan. 22, 2011.
 Clevon Raphael, Prison reform will reduce crime – Khan, Trinidad Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2013-04-06/prison-reform-will-reduce-crime-khan, Apr. 7, 2013.
 Yvonne Baboolal, One day at a time, Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, Mar. 15, 2009.
 Gail Alexander, Abolitionists hold conference in Spain, Trinidad Guardian, www.guardian.co.tt/news/2013-06-11/abolitionists-hold-conference-spain, Jun. 11, 2013.
 Trinidad and Tobago Legal Aid and Advice Act, art. 17, Act 25 of 1976, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 17, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Trinidad and Tobago Legal Aid and Advice Act, art. 18(1), Act 25 of 1976, updated to Dec. 31, 2011.
 Lendore v. Trinidad and Tobago, para. 9, Report No. 21/05, Inter-Amer. Commn. on Human Rights, 2005.
 Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 91-94, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Trinidad and Tobago, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2012/wha/204482.htm, Apr. 19, 2013.
 Trinidad Guardian, Certain practices can create room for flaws, http://guardian.co.tt/2012-01-24/certain-practices-can-create-room-flaws, Jan. 24, 2012. Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 18, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
Trinidad and Tobago withdrew from the American Convention on Human Rights largely to deny death row prisoners the ability to submit petitions to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.  The Inter-American human rights system therefore currently has no jurisdiction over the implementation of the death penalty in Trinidad and Tobago.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Penalty in the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Human Rights Issue, p. 18, Index AMR 05/001/2012, Nov. 30, 2012.
 Kennedy v. Trinidad and Tobago, CCPR/C/67/D/845/1999, U.N. Human Rights Committee, Dec. 31, 1999. Amnesty Intl., Trinidad and Tobago: Human rights concerns in Trinidad and Tobago: Amnesty International Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review October 2011, Index AMR 49/006/2011, Jul. 31, 2011.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Aug. 6, 2013.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations: Trinidad and Tobago, para. 7, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/70/TTO, Nov. 3, 2000.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Compilation prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, paras. 63-64, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/12/TTO/2, Jul. 25, 2011.
 Sahadath v. Trinidad and Tobago, Communication No. 684/1996, Human Rights Committee, Apr. 2, 2002. See, also, Evans v. Trinidad and Tobago, Communication No. 98/2000, Human Rights Committee, Apr. 4, 2003; Siewpersaud v. Trinidad and Tobago, Communication No. 938/2000, Human Rights Committee, Jul. 29, 2004; others available at http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/LACRegion/Pages/TTIndex.aspx.
 Ashby v. Trinidad and Tobago, Communication No. 580/1994, Human Rights Committee, Mar. 21, 2002.
 Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2011, p. 15, ACT 50/001/2012, Mar. 27, 2012.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1*: Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 48-53, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/WG.6/12/TTO/1, Jul. 19, 2011.
 U.N.G.A. Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review : Trinidad and Tobago, paras. 17-19, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/19/7, Dec. 14, 2011.
Desmond Allum & Gregory Delzin, Report on the Criminal Justice System in Trinidad and Tobago, Bar Human Rights Committee, http://www.barhumanrights.org.uk/content/report-criminal-justice-system-trinidad-and-tobago, 2003.
David F. Greenberg and Biko Agozino, Executions, imprisonment and crime in Trinidad and Tobago, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 52, p. 113, 2012. Roger Hood and Florence Seemungal, A rare and arbitrary fate: Conviction for Murder, the Mandatory Death Penalty and the Reality of Homicide in Trinidad and Tobago: A Report to the Death Penalty Project, http://www.deathpenaltyproject.org/documents/rep-2006-rare-and-arbitrary-en.pdf, University of the West Indies Faculty of Law and University of Oxford Centre for Criminology, 2006.

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