Source: http://www.comprehensivephysiology.com/WileyCDA/CompPhysArticle/refId-cp020323.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 00:39:59+00:00

Document:
Vascular conductance (% control) in umbilical (filled bars) and systemic (open bars) circuits in various experimental circumstances. T3, triiodothyronine.
Pressure‐flow diagrams for the umbilical circulation in fetal lambs of 90 (half‐filled circles), 115 (open circles), and 140 (closed circles) days gestation. Lines, are mean regression lines of all observations at the 3 ages, obtained by aortic compression; points indicate mean femoral arterial pressure of each lamb.
Dose‐response relations of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), bradykinin (BK), and angiotensin II (AII) on helical strips of umbilical arteries, chorionic plate arteries, and villous stem arterioles of human placentas. Data represent mean ± SE of responses from 6 experiments in 6 placentas.
Rise in cerebral blood flow and fall in extracerebral blood flow with increasing partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (Paco2), determined by radioactive microspheres introduced into carotid artery of unanesthetized fetal lambs.
Ordinate, tissue blood flow (ml · 100 g−1 · min−1) is greater in the brain stem than in the cortex of unanesthetized fetal lambs. Decrease in mmHg Pao2 (plane perpendicular to paper) and/or increase in mmHg Paco2 (abscissa) causes increase in flow. Numbers near bars are arterial pH.
Data from Ashwal et al. , Johnson et al. , and Palahniuk et al.
Effect of changes in Pao2 on cerebral blood flow. Dotted line, Paco2 = 45 mmHg for 133Xe‐washout method. [Data from Kjellmer et al. .] Other data obtained by microsphere method. Dashed line, pH = 7.37, Paco2 = 45 mmHg. [Data from Jones et al. (Eq. 5, ref. ).] Solid line, pH = 7.30, Paco2 = 42–45 mmHg. [Data from Ashwal et al. .] Filled triangles, mean + 1 SE at pH = 7.36−7.26 and Paco2 = 43 mmHg. Open triangles, mean −1 SE at pH = 7.36−7.37 and Paco2 = 41 mmHg.
Data from Cohn et al.
Postnatal development of capillary length and number of branchings in the cerebral cortex of the rat. Maximal increase in branching precedes maximal increase in capillary length.
Influence of postnatal age on blood flow measured with [14C]antipyrine in various parts of the dog brain. For clarity, individual observations plotted in A only.
Coronary blood flow in fetal lambs at various mmHg Pao2.
Line data recalculated from Peeters et al. ; open circles from Cohn et al. ; open triangles from Ashwal et al.
Summary of changes in coronary vascular resistance engendered by autonomic stimulation. Cephalic ischemia caused a significant rise in resistance in lambs with β‐blockade (upper left); this was abolished by α‐blockade with phentolamine (upper right). A rise in coronary resistance also appeared in lambs with sham adrenalectomy (lower left) but did not occur in those with bilateral adrenalectomy (lower right). N, number of animals. NS, not significant. Vertical brackets, SE.
blood flow to the outer and inner cortex of the kidneys of dogs 0.75–70 days old, determined by 133Xe washout.
blood flow to the cortex and medulla expressed as percentage of mean renal blood flow, also determined from 133Xe‐clearance curves.
Pressure changes with age in guinea pigs. Changes in mean arterial (A) and glomerular capillary (B) pressures. C: pressure drop along the afferent arteriole, taken as the difference between mean arterial and glomerular pressures. D: effective filtration pressure, calculated as the difference between capillary pressure and the sum of the hydrostatic pressure in the proximal tubule and the plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
Regional variation in blood flow to intestinal mucosa in piglets (7–20 days old) measured by 86Rb indicator. Lower panel, musculal blood flow to various segments of gastrointestinal tract. Upper panel, change of blood flow to each segment in asphyxiated (filled bars) and resuscitated (open bars) piglets.
Adrenal blood flow in fetal lamb vs. arterial pressure. Filled circles, control measurements. Arrows, changes induced by conditions shown.
Venous outflow from interscapular and cervical brown fat of anesthetized newborn rabbits 0–6 days old before (C) and after propranolol (P) injection. Black, control; white, during infusion of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), isoproterenol (ISOP), or glucagon (GC). Propranolol given at 1 mg/kg before catecholamine infusions and at 5 mg/kg before glucagon infusion. All catecholamines infused at 2 μg · kg−1 · min−1 and glucagon at 4 μg · kg−1 · min−1. Vertical lines, SE.
Mean pressure‐flow diagrams for the unexpended lungs of 7 fetal lambs (135–143 days gestation) were constructed from mean vascular conductances per kilogram and pressure intercepts for the left lung. Ventilation with N2 and then with air caused a progressive increase in vascular conductance, shown here by the increase in slope and decrease in intercept.
Adapted from Cassin et al.
Mean pressure‐flow diagrams for unexpended lungs of 7 fetal lambs (135–143 days gestation) were constructed from mean vascular conductances per kilogram and pressure intercepts for left lung.
Left pulmonary arterial pressure‐flow diagrams for unventilated lungs of 7 lambs (126–143 days gestation) under normal conditions (a) and perfused with blood from an asphyxiated twin (c) or from a ventilated twin (d). Dashed line, mean pressure‐flow curve for ventilation of lung with air.
Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn calf at simulated high altitude: mean pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures averaged for 20 normal calves (control) and 7 calves maintained from birth at a simulated altitude of 11,000 ft or temporarily exposed to 1,000‐ft altitude during early postnatal life.
Left pulmonary blood flow and femoral arterial pressure in fetal lamb, 142 days gestation.
stimulation of peripheral end of left vagus (5 ms, 2 mA pulses at 15 Hz) causes vasodilatation.
stimulation of sympathetic nerves to left lung (5 ms, 0.4 mA pulses at 30 Hz) during signal causes vasoconstriction.
Pressure‐flow diagrams for several groups of normal mature fetal lambs (1, 2, 3) were constructed from mean vascular conductances per kilogram and pressure intercepts for left lung. (Lungs not expansible prior to ∼105 days gestation.) Effect of ventilation with air (5, 6). Increase in conductance after brief expansion of intact lung with 3% O2 and 7% CO2 in N2 (7). Resting conductance of denervated lung (4) and increase after brief expansion (8).
Curves for pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) vs. flow () for the fetal goat before (C2), during (C3), and after (C4) infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, 11.0 μg · kg−1 · min−1).
Effect of ventilation on left pulmonary arterial perfusion pressures (PAP) at constant left pulmonary arterial blood flows () and left atrial pressures (LAP) in fetal goats.
7 untreated fetuses and 8 indomethacin‐treated fetuses, both groups 130 ± 0.5 days gestation.
6 untreated fetuses and 6 indomethacin‐treated fetuses, both 140.5 ± 0.5 days gestation. Vertical ranges, SE.
Pulmonary red blood cell (RBC), plasma, and total blood (RBC + plasma) volumes in fetal and air‐ventilated fetal lambs vs. ventilation time. Values shown at time 0 refer to unventilated fetal lungs of 4 lambs. In lambs ventilated with air after draining lungs of liquid (2 ventilated for 5 min and 2 for 20 min), RBC, plasma, and total blood volumes were similar and significantly greater than fetal volumes.
Changes in organ blood flows during acute hypoxemia calculated from data of Table . Open bars, microspheres introduced into arterial system; closed bars, microspheres introduced into umbilical vein.
Organ blood flow as measured from microsphere distribution in newborn rabbits and lambs under thermoneutral conditions and during cold exposure.
Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine in unanesthetized fetal lambs after 60 min of hypoxia (9% O2 + 3% CO2 in N2 administered to ewe). Vertical lines, SD.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine content (μg) of adrenals and paraganglia of 6 fetal rabbits at 29 days gestation. Vertical lines, SE.
Serial vascular changes during the first 9 mo of life in unanesthetized dogs of weights shown at the bottom of diagram. Ordinates from above downwards: heart rate (HR), beats · min−1; cardiac output (CO), liters · min−1 · kg−1; mean arterial pressure (MAP), kPa; total peripheral resistance (TPR), kPa · liters−1. min−1; plasma volume (PV), liters · kg−1; central venous pressure (CVP), kPa.
Circulation changes with postnatal change in body weight in lightly anesthetized rabbits and cats. Arterial pressure in mmHg, hemoglobin content in g/100 ml blood, blood volume in ml/kg.
Changes with age in percent distribution of blood volume in organs of piglets.
1. Abe, Y., F. Dixon, and J. L. McNay. Dissociation between autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Am. J. Physiol. 219: 986–993, 1970.
2. Acher, R., J. Chauvet, and G. Olivry. Variations des teneurs en activités ocytocique et vasopressique de la neurohypophyse du rat au cours de la croissance et de la reproduction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 22: 428–433, 1956.
3. Acker, H., D. W. Lubbers, M. J. Purves, and E. D. Tan. Measurements of the partial pressure of oxygen in the carotid body of fetal sheep and newborn lambs. J. Dev. Physiol. 2: 323–338, 1981.
4. Aherne, W., and D. Hull. Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 91: 223–234, 1966.
5. Alexander, D. P., R. A. Bashore, H. G. Britton, and M. L. Forsling. Maternal and fetal arginine vasopressin in the chronically catheterised sheep. Biol. Neonat. 25: 242–248, 1974.
6. Alexander, D. P., R. A. Bashore, H. G. Britton, and M. L. Forsling. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin release and antidiuretic hormone turnover in the fetus, lamb and ewe. Biol. Neonat. 30: 80–87, 1976.
7. Alexander, D. P., H. G. Britton, M. L. Forsling, D. A. Nixon, and J. G. Ratcliffe. Pituitary and plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophin, growth hormone, vasopressin and oxytocin in fetal and maternal sheep during the latter half of gestation and the response to haemorrhage. Biol. Neonat. 24: 206–219, 1974.
8. Alexander, D. P., M. L. Forsling, J. Martin, D. A. Nixon, J. G. Ratcliffe, D. Redstone, and D. Tunbridge. The effect of maternal hypoxia on fetal pituitary hormone release in the sheep. Biol. Neonat. 21: 219–228, 1972.
9. Alexander, G. Body temperature control in mammalian young. Br. Med. Bull. 31: 62–68, 1975.
11. Alexander, G., A. W. Bell, and J. R. S. Hales. Effects of cold exposure on tissue blood flow in the newborn lamb. J. Physiol. London 234: 65–77, 1973.
12. Alexander, G., A. W. Bell, and B. P. Setchell. Regional distribution of cardiac output in young lambs: effect of cold exposure and treatment with catecholamines. J. Physiol. London 220: 511–528, 1972.
13. Alexander, G., and D. Stevens. Sympathetic innervation and the development of structure and function of brown adipose tissue: studies on lambs chemically sympathectomized in utero with 6‐hydroxydopamine. J. Dev. Physiol. 2: 119–137, 1980.
14. Alexander, R. S. The effects of blood flow and anoxia on spinal cardiovascular centers. Am. J. Physiol. 143: 698–708, 1945.
15. Altura, B. M., and B. T. Altura. Vascular smooth muscle and neurohypophyseal hormones. Federation Proc. 36: 1853–1860, 1977.
16. Alward, C. T., J. B. Hook, T. A. Helmrath, and M. D. Bailie. Effects of asphyxia on renal function in the newborn piglet. Pediatr. Res. 12: 225–228, 1978.
17. Aperia, A., O. Broberger, and P. Herin. Maturational changes in glomerular perfusion rate and glomerular filtration rate in lambs. Pediatr. Res. 8: 758–765, 1974.
18. Aperia, A., O. Broberger, P. Herin, and I. Joelsson. Renal hemodynamics in the perinatal period. A study in lambs. Acta Physiol. Scand. 99: 261–269, 1977.
19. Aperia, A., and P. Herin. Development of glomerular perfusion rate and nephron filtration rate in rats 17‐60 days old. Am. J. Physiol. 228: 1319–1325, 1975.
20. Aperia, A., and P. Herin. Effect of arterial blood pressure reduction on renal hemodynamics in the developing lamb. Acta Physiol. Scand. 98: 387–394, 1976.
21. Aquin, L., A. H. Sillan, A. J. Lechner, and N. Banchero. Growth and skeletal muscle microvascularity in the guinea pig. Microvasc. Res. 20: 41–50, 1980.
22. Aschinberg, L. C., D. I. Goldsmith, H. Olbing, A. Spitzer, C. M. Edelmann, and M. D. Blaufox. Neonatal changes in renal blood flow distribution in puppies. Am. J. Physiol. 228: 1453–1461, 1975.
23. Ashton, N., B. Ward, and G. Serpell. Effect of oxygen on developing retinal vessels with particular reference to the problem of retrolental fibroplasia. Br. J. Opthalmol. 38: 397–432, 1954.
24. Ashwal, S., J. S. Majcher, and L. D. Longo. Patterns of fetal lamb regional cerebral blood flow during and after prolonged hypoxia: studies during the posthypoxic recovery period. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 139: 365–372, 1981.
25. Ashwal, S., J. S. Majcher, N. Vain, and L. D. Longo. Patterns of fetal lamb regional cerebral blood flow during and after prolonged hypoxia. Pediatr. Res. 14: 1104–1110, 1980.
26. Baccelli, G., R. Albertini, G. Mancia, and A. Zanchetti. Control of regional circulations by the sino‐aortic reflexes during sleep in the cat. Cardiovasc. Res. 12: 523–528, 1978.
28. Barclay, A. E., K. J. Franklin, and M. M. L. Prichard. The Foetal Circulation and Cardiovascular System, and the Changes They Undergo at Birth. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1944, p. 62–68.
29. Barer, G. R. The physiology of the pulmonary circulation and methods of study. In: Encyclopedia Pharmacology Respiration, edited by J. Widdicombe. London: Pergamon, 1981.
30. Barnes, R. J., R. S. Comline, A. Dobson, and M. Silver. On the presence of a ductus venosus in the fetal pig in late gestation. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 105–110, 1979.
31. Barnes, R. J., R. S. Comline, and M. Silver. Foetal urine production in the sheep. J. Physiol. London 233: 14P–15P, 1973.
32. Barrett, C. T., M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Alpha and beta adrenergic receptor activity in fetal sheep. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 112: 1114–1121, 1972.
33. Beguin, F., D. R. Dunnihoo, and E. J. Quilligan. Effect of CO2 elevation on renal blood flow in the fetal lamb in utero. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 119: 630–637, 1974.
34. Behrman, R. E., and M. H. Lees. Organ blood flows of the fetal newborn and adult rhesus monkey. Biol. Neonat. 18: 330–340, 1971.
35. Behrman, R. E., M. H. Lees, E. N. Peterson, C. W. De Lannoy, and A. E. Seeds. Distribution of the circulation in the normal and asphyxiated fetal primate. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 108: 956–969, 1970.
36. Bell, C. Autonomic nervous control of reproduction: circulatory and other factors. Pharmacol. Rev. 24: 657–736, 1972.
37. Bell, G. H., and J. M. Robson. The oxytocin content of the foetal pituitary. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 27: 205–208, 1937.
38. Benirschke, K., and D. B. McKay. The antidiuretic hormone in fetus and infant. Obstet. Gynecol. 1: 638–649, 1953.
39. Berkov, S. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the rat: the necessary role of angiotensin II. Circ. Res. 35: 256–261, 1974.
40. Berman, W., R. C. Goodlin, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Measurement of umbilical blood flow in fetal lambs in utero. J. Appl. Physiol. 39: 1056–1059, 1975.
41. Berman, W., R. C. Goodlin, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Relationships between pressure and flow in the umbilical and uterine circulations of the sheep. Circ. Res. 38: 262–266, 1976.
42. Berman, W., R. C. Goodlin, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Effects of pharmacologic agents on umbilical blood flow in fetal lambs in utero. Biol. Neonat. 33: 225–235, 1978.
43. Biscoe, T. J., and M. J. Purves. Carotid body chemoreceptors in the newborn lamb. J. Physiol. London 190: 443–454, 1967.
44. Biscoe, T. J., M. J. Purves, and S. R. Sampson. Types of nervous activity which may be recorded from the carotid sinus nerve in the sheep foetus. J. Physiol. London 202: 1–23, 1969.
45. Blomstrand, S., K. Karlsson, and I. Kjellmer. Measurement of cerebral blood flow in the fetal lamb with a note on the flow‐distribution. Acta Physiol. Scand. 103: 1–8, 1978.
46. Bloor, C. M. Aortic baroreceptor threshold and sensitivity in rabbits of different ages. J. Physiol. London 174: 163–171, 1964.
47. Boatman, D. L., R. A. Schaffer, R. L. Dixon, and M. J. Brody. Function of vascular smooth muscle and its sympathetic innervation in the newborn dog. J. Clin. Invest. 44: 241–246, 1965.
48. Boddy, K., G. S. Dawes, R. L. Fisher, S. Pinter, and J. S. Robinson. Foetal respiratory movements, electrocortical and cardiovascular responses to hypoxaemia and hypercapnia in sheep. J. Physiol. London 243: 599–618, 1974.
49. Born, G. V. R., G. S. Dawes, J. C. Mott, and B. R. Rennick. The constriction of the ductus arteriosus caused by oxygen and by asphyxia in newborn lambs. J. Physiol. London 132: 304–342, 1956.
50. Boyd, J. D. The inferior aortico‐pulmonary glomus. Br. Med. Bull. 17: 127–131, 1961.
51. Boyd, R. D. H., J. R. Hill, P. W. Humphreys, I. C. S. Normand, F. O. R. Reynolds, and L. B. Strang. Permeability of lung capillaries to macromolecules in foetal and newborn lambs and sheep. J. Physiol. London 201: 567–588, 1969.
52. Bradley, R., and C. Mistretta. Taste and swallowing in utero. Br. Med. Bull. 31: 80–84, 1975.
53. Broadie, T. A., M. Devedas, J. Rysavy, J. P. Delaney, and A. S. Leonard. The effect of hypoxia and posterior hypothalamic stimulation on colonic blood flow in the weanling puppy. J. Pediatr. Surg. 8: 747–756, 1973.
54. Broughton, Pipkin F., and S. M. L. Kirkpatrick. The blood volumes of fetal and newborn sheep. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 58: 181–188, 1973.
55. Broughton, Pipkin F., S. M. L. Kirkpatrick, E. R. Lumbers, and J. C. Mott. Renin and angiotensin‐like levels in foetal new‐born and adult sheep. J. Physiol. London 241: 575–588, 1974.
56. Broughton, Pipkin F., E. R. Lumbers, and J. C. Mott. Factors influencing plasma renin and angiotensin II in the conscious pregnant ewe and its foetus. J. Physiol. London 243: 619–636, 1974.
57. Broughton, Pipkin F., J. C. Mott, and N. R. C. Roberton. Angiotensin II‐like activity in circulating arterial blood in immature and adult rabbits. J. Physiol. London 218: 385–403, 1971.
58. Brück, K., and B. Wünnenberg. Blockade der chemischen Thermogenese und Auslösung von Muskelzittern durch Adrenolytica und Ganglienblockade beim neugeborenen Meerschweinchen. Pfluegers Arch. Gesamte Physiol. Menschen Tiere 282: 376–389, 1965.
59. Brück, K., and W. Wünnenberg. Beziehung zwischen Thermogenese im “braunen” Fettgewebe, Temperatur im cervicalen Anteil des Vertebralkanals und kältezittern. Plfuegers Arch. Gesamte Physiol. Menschen Tiere 290: 167–183, 1966.
60. Brück, K., and W. Wünnenberg. Influence of ambient temperature in the process of replacement of nonshivering by shivering thermogenesis during postnatal development. Federation Proc. 25: 1332–1337, 1966.
61. Brundin, T. Catecholamines in the preaortal paraganglia of fetal rabbits. Acta Physiol. Scand. 64: 287–288, 1965.
62. Brundin, T. Studies on preaortal paraganglia of newborn rabbits. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 290: 1–54, 1966.
63. Bucciarelli, R. L., and D. V. Eitzman. Cerebral blood flow during acute acidosis in perinatal goats. Pediatr. Res. 13: 178–180, 1979.
64. Buckley, N. M., P. Brazeau, I. D. Frasier, and C. McLean. Circulatory effects of lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation in newborn piglets. Federation Proc. 37: 877, 1978.
65. Buckley, N. M., P. M. Gootman, I. D. Frasier, and C. McLean. Circulatory effects of renal sympathetic nerve stimulation in newborn piglets. Circulation Suppl. 53/54: II‐82, 1976.
66. Buddingh, F., H. R. Parker, G. Ishizaki and W. S. Tyler. Long‐term studies of the functional development of the fetal kidney in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 32: 1993–1998, 1971.
67. Burnard, E., and L. S. James. Atrial pressures and cardiac size in the newborn infant. J. Pediatr. 62: 815–826, 1966.
68. Burton, A. M., and M. L. Forsling. Hormone content of the neurohypophysis in foetal, new‐born and adult guinea‐pigs. J. Physiol. London 221: 6P–7P, 1972.
69. Campbell, A. G. M., G. S. Dawes, A. P. Fishman, and A. I. Hyman. Pulmonary vasoconstriction and changes in heart rate during asphyxia in immature foetal lambs. J. Physiol. London 192: 93–110, 1967.
70. Campbell, A., G. S. Dawes, A. Fishman, and A. Hyman. Regional redistribution of blood flow in the mature fetal lamb. Circ. Res. 21: 229–236, 1967.
71. Campbell, A. G. M., G. S. Dawes, A. P. Fishman, A. I. Hyman, and G. B. James. The oxygen consumption of the placenta and foetal membranes in the sheep. J. Physiol. London 182: 439–464, 1966.
72. Campbell, A. G. M., G. S. Dawes, A. P. Fishman, A. I. Hyman, and A. M. Perks. The release of a bradykinin‐like pulmonary vasodilator substance in foetal and newborn lambs. J. Physiol. London 195: 83–96, 1968.
73. Carver, J. G., and J. C. Mott. Renin substrate in plasma of unanaesthetized pregnant ewes and their foetal lambs. J. Physiol. London 276: 395–402, 1978.
74. Cassin, S., G. S. Dawes, J. C. Mott, B. B. Ross, and L. B. Strang. The vascular resistance of the foetal and newly ventilated lung of the lamb. J. Physiol. London 171: 61–79, 1964.
75. Cassin, S., G. S. Dawes, and B. B. Ross. Pulmonary blood flow and vascular resistance in immature foetal lambs. J. Physiol. London 171: 80–89, 1964.
76. Cassin, S., T. Tyler, and C. Leffler. Pulmonary vascular responses to prostaglandins and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in perinatal goats. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res. 4: 249–256, 1978.
77. Cassin, S., T. Tyler, and R. Wallis. The effects of prostaglandin E1 on fetal pulmonary vascular resistance. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 148: 584–587, 1975.
78. Celander, O., and K. Marild. Regional circulation and capillary filtration in relation to capillary exchange in the foot and calf of the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 51: 385–400, 1962.
79. Challis, J. R. G., I. Hart, T. M. Louis, M. D. Mitchell, G. Jenkin, J. S. Robinson, and G. D. Thorburn. Prostaglandins in the sheep fetus: implications for fetal function. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res. 4: 115–132, 1978.
80. Charlton, V. E., B. L. Reis and D. J. Lofgren. Measurements of carbohydrates, amino acids and oxygen across the intestinal circulation in the sheep fetus. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 329–336, 1979.
81. Close, R. Dynamic properties of fast and slow skeletal muscles of the rat during development. J. Physiol. London 173: 74–95, 1964.
82. Cohn, E. H., E. J. Sacks, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and acidemia in fetal lambs. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 120: 817–824, 1974.
83. Colebatch, H. J. H., G. S. Dawes, J. W. Goodwin, and R. A. Nadeau. The nervous control of the circulation in the foetal and newly expanded lungs of the lamb. J. Physiol. London 178: 544–562, 1965.
84. Coleridge, H. M., J. C. G. Coleridge, and A. Howe. Search for pulmonary arterial chemoreceptors in the cat, with comparison of the blood supply of the aortic bodies in the newborn and adult animal. J. Physiol. London 191: 353–374, 1967.
85. Comline, R. S., and M. Silver. The development of the adrenal medulla of the foetal and newborn calf. J. Physiol. London 183: 305–340, 1966.
86. Comline, R., and M. Silver. Catecholamine secretion by the adrenal medulla of foetal and newborn goats. J. Physiol. London 216: 659–682, 1972.
87. Comline, R. S., I. A. Silver, and M. Silver. Factors responsible for the stimulation of the adrenal medulla during asphyxia in the fetal lamb. J. Physiol. London 178: 211–238, 1965.
88. Copp, D. H., and S. S. Shim. Extraction ratio and bone clearance of Sr85 as a measure of effective bone blood flow. Circ. Res. 16: 461–467, 1965.
89. Coulter, D. M., and M. E. Avery. Paradoxical reduction in tissue hydration with weight gain in neonatal rat pups. Pediatr. Res. 14: 1122–1126, 1980.
90. Creasy, R. K., M. De Swiet, K. V. Kahanpaa, W. P. Young, and A. M. Rudolph. Pathophysiological changes in the foetal lamb with growth retardation. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 398–402.
91. Crone, C. The secretion of adrenal medullary hormones during hypoglycemia in intact, decerebrate and spinal sheep. Acta Physiol. Scand. 63: 213–224, 1965.
92. Cross, K. W. La Chaleur Animale and the infant brain. J. Physiol. London 294: 1–21, 1979.
93. Cross, K. W., P. R. F. Dear, M. K. S. Hathorn, A. Hyams, D. M. Kerslake, D. W. A. Milligan, P. M. Rahilly, and J. K. Stothers. An estimation of intracranial blood flow in the newborn infant. J. Physiol. London 289: 329–345, 1979.
94. Dawes, G. S. Foetal and Neonatal Physiology. Chicago, IL: Year Book, 1968, p. 77.
95. Dawes, G. S. Control of the pulmonary circulation in the fetus and newborn. In: The Pulmonary Circulation and Interstitial Space, edited by A. P. Fishman and H. H. Hecht. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1969, p. 293–304.
96. Dawes, G. S., S. L. B. Duncan, B. V. Lewis, C. L. Merlet, J. B. Owen‐Thomas, and J. T. Reeves. Cyanide stimulation of the systemic arterial chemoreceptors in foetal lambs. J. Physiol. London 201: 117–128, 1969.
97. Dawes, G. S., W. N. Gardner, B. M. Johnston, and D. W. Walker. Breathing patterns in foetal lambs after midbrain transection. J. Physiol. London 308: 29P, 1980.
98. Dawes, G. S., J. Handler, and J. C. Mott. Some cardiovascular responses in foetal, newborn, and adult rabbits. J. Physiol. London 139: 123–136, 1957.
99. Dawes, G. S., B. M. Johnston, and D. W. Walker. Relationship of arterial pressure and heart rate in foetal, newborn and adult sheep. J. Physiol. London 309: 405–418, 1980.
100. Dawes, G. S., B. V. Lewis, J. Milligan, M. Roach, and N. Talner. Vasomotor responses in the hind limbs of foetal and new‐born lambs to asphyxia and aortic chemoreceptor stimulation. J. Physiol. London 195: 55–81, 1968.
101. Dawes, G. S., and J. C. Mott. The vascular tone of the foetal lung. J. Physiol. London 164: 465–477, 1962.
102. Dawes, G. S., J. C. Mott, and J. G. Widdicombe. Closure of the foramen ovale in newborn lambs. J. Physiol. London 128: 384–395, 1955.
103. Dawes, G. S., J. C. Mott, J. G. Widdicombe, and D. G. Wyatt. Changes in the lungs of the new‐born lamb. J. Physiol. London 121: 141–162, 1953.
105. Dawson, A. B. The early appearance of secretion in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. Anat. Rec. 117: 620–632, 1953.
106. Deavers, S. I., R. A. Huggins, and H.‐P. Sheng. Blood volume changes during the first week after birth in the beagle and pig. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 159: 152–156, 1978.
107. Dennis, J. Pressure measurements in the lesser circulation of the newborn rabbit. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 53: 136–154, 1968.
108. Dicker, S. E., and C. Tyler. Vasopressor and oxytocic activities in the pituitary glands of rats, guinea pigs and cats and of human foetuses. J. Physiol. London 121: 206–214, 1953.
109. Dillon, M. J., and J. M. Ryness. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in children. Br. Med. J. 4: 316–319, 1975.
110. Dlouhá, H., J. Křeček, and J. Zicha. Effect of age on hypertensive stimuli and the development of hypertension in Brattleboro rats. Clin. Sci. 57: 273–275, 1979.
111. Dobrin, P. B. Mechanical properties of arteries. Physiol. Rev. 58: 397–460, 1978.
112. Downing, S. E. Baroreceptor reflexes in newborn rabbits. J. Physiol. London 150: 201–213, 1960.
113. Downing, S. E. Neural regulation of the circulation during hypoxia and acidosis with special reference to the newborn. Federation Proc. 31: 1209–1218, 1972.
114. Downing, S. E., W. E. Hellenbrand, J. C. Lee, and D. B. Nudel. Adrenal contribution to coronary regulation in the newborn. Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 3): H173–H179, 1978.
115. Drummond, W. H., A. M. Rudolph, L. C. Keil, P. D. Gluckman, A. A. MacDonald, and M. A. Heymann. Arginine vasopressin and prolactin after hemorrhage in the fetal lamb. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Endocrinol. Metab. 1): E214–E219, 1980.
116. Dunne, J. T., J. E. Milligan, and B. W. Thomas. Control of the renal circulation in the fetus. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 112: 323–329, 1972.
117. Dunnihoo, D. R., and E. J. Quilligan. Carotid blood flow distribution in the in utero sheep fetus. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 116: 648–656, 1973.
118. Dutton, A., G. Haines, and J. C. Mott. Urinary sodium loss and sodium/potassium ratio in ewes carrying a nephrectomized lamb. J. Physiol. London 317: 43P–44P, 1981.
119. Dutton, A., and J. C. Mott. Plasma aldosterone measurements in intact and nephrectomized fetal lambs. J. Physiol. London 307: 81P–82P, 1980.
120. Edelstone, D. I., and I. R. Holzman. Oxygen consumption by the gastrointestinal tract and liver in conscious newborn lambs. Am. J. Physiol. 240 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 3): G297–G304, 1981.
121. Edelstone, D. I., A. M. Rudolph, and M. A. Heymann. Liver and ductus venosus blood flows in fetal lambs in utero. Circ. Res. 42: 426–433, 1978.
122. Edelstone, D. I., A. M. Rudolph, and M. A. Heymann. Effects of hypoxemia and decreasing umbilical flow on liver and ductus venosus blood flows in fetal lambs. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 7): H656–H663, 1980.
123. Egbert, J. R., and P. G. Katona. Development of autonomic heart rate control in the kitten during sleep. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 7): H829–H835, 1980.
124. Eliot, R. J., R. Lam, R. D. Leake, C. J. Hobel, and D. A. Fisher. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in infants at birth and during the first 48 hours of life. J. Pediatr. 96: 311–315, 1980.
125. Ellis, P., and A. Ungar. Effects of indomethacin on blood pressure, catecholamine release and adrenal blood flow in the anaesthetized laparotomized dog. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 74: 824P–825P, 1981.
126. Enhorning, G., F. H. Adams, and A. Norman. Effects of lung expansion on the fetal lamb circulation. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 55: 441–451, 1966.
127. Erdos, E. G. Angiotensin I converting enzyme. Circ. Res. 36: 247–255, 1975.
128. Faber, J. J., C. F. Gault, T. J. Green, and K. L. Thornburg. Fetal blood volume and fetal placental blood flow in lambs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 142: 340–344, 1973.
129. Faber, J. J., and T. J. Green. Foetal placental blood flow in the lamb. J. Physiol. London 223: 375–393, 1972.
130. Faber, J. J., T. J. Green, and K. L. Thornburg. Arterial blood pressure in the unanaesthetized fetal lamb after changes in fetal blood volume and haematocrit. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 59: 241–255, 1974.
131. Fara, J. W., E. H. Rubinstein, and R. R. Sonenscheim. Visceral and behavioral responses to intraduodenal fat. Science 166: 110–111, 1969.
132. Faulkner, J. A., L. C. Maxwell, D. A. Brook, and D. A. Lieberman. Adaptation of guinea pig plantaris muscle fibers to endurance training. Am. J. Physiol. 221: 291–297, 1971.
133. Fehn, P. A., and R. S. McCuskey. Response of the fetal mesenteric microvascular system to catecholamines. Microvasc. Res. 3: 104–109, 1971.
134. Forsyth, R. P., A. S. Nies, F. Wyler, J. Neutze, and K. L. Melmon. Normal distribution of cardiac output in the unanesthetized, restrained rhesus monkey. J. Appl. Physiol. 25: 736–741, 1968.
135. Friedli, B., G. L. Kent, and P. M. Olley. Inactivation of bradykinin in the pulmonary vascular bed of newborn and fetal lambs. Circ. Res. 33: 421–427, 1973.
136. Friis‐Hansen, B. Body water compartments in children, changes during growth and related changes in body composition. Pediatrics 28: 169–181, 1961.
137. Gardiner, R. M. The effect of feeding on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the newborn calf. J. Physiol. London 301: 429–438, 1980.
138. Gauthier, P., R. A. Nadeau, and J. de Champlain. The development of sympathetic innervation and the functional state of the cardiovascular system in newborn dogs. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53: 763–776, 1975.
139. Geis, W. P., C. J. Tatooles, D. V. Priola, and W. F. Friedman. Factors influencing neurohumoral control of the heart in the newborn dog. Am. J. Physiol. 228: 1685–1689, 1975.
140. Gellhorn, E., R. Cortell, and H. B. Carlson. Fundamental differences in the excitability of somatic and autonomic centers in response to anoxia. Am. J. Physiol. 135: 641–649, 1941.
141. Gero, J., and M. Gerová. Postnatal development of sympathetic constriction of the femoral artery in the dog. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 20: 372, 1971.
142. Gerová, M., J. Gero, S. Doležel, and M. Konečný. Postnatal development of sympathetic control in canine femoral artery. Physiol. Bohemoslov. 23: 289–296, 1974.
143. Gilbert, R. D. Control of fetal cardiac output during changes in blood volume. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 7): H80–H86, 1980.
144. Gittenberger‐de Groot, A. C. Persistent ductus arteriosus: most probably a primary congenital malformation. Br. Heart J. 39: 610–618, 1977.
145. Glaviano, V. V., N. Bass, and F. Nykiel. Adrenal medullary secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in dogs subject to hemorrhagic hypertension. Circ. Res. 8: 564–571, 1960.
146. Gootman, N., P. M. Gootman, N. M. Buckley, M. I. Cohen, M. Levine, and R. Spielberg. Central vasomotor regulation in the newborn piglet Sus scrofa. Am. J. Physiol. 222: 994–999, 1972.
147. Gootman, P. M., N. M. Buckley, and N. Gootman. Postnatal maturation of neural control of the circulation. Rev. Perinat. Med. 3: 1–62, 1979.
148. Gorbman, A., and H. A. Bern. A Textbook of Comparative Endocrinology. New York: Wiley, 1962.
149. Gray, S. D. Ontogenetic development of vascular reactivity in fast and slow muscles of the neonatal rat hindlimb. Angiologica 9: 1–10, 1972.
150. Gray, S. D. Reactivity of neonatal canine aortic strips. Biol. Neonat. 31: 10–14, 1977.
151. Gregoire, N. M., A. Gjedde, F. Plum, and T. E. Duffy. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen, glucose, and ketone bodies in newborn dogs. J. Neurochem. 30: 63–69, 1978.
152. Grumbach, M. M., and S. L. Kaplan. Ontogenesis of growth hormone, insulin, prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion in the human foetus. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 462–487.
153. Gruskin, A. G., C. M. Edelmann, and S. Yuan. Maturational changes in renal blood flow in piglets. Pediatr. Res. 4: 7–13, 1970.
154. Guyton, R. A., J. A. Bianco, G. W. Ostheimer, E. A. Shanahan, and W. M. Daggett. Adrenergic control of ventricular performance in normal and cardiac‐denervated dogs. Am. J. Physiol. 223: 1021–1028, 1972.
155. Hales, J. R. S. Radioactive microsphere measurements of cardiac output and regional tissue blood flow in the sheep. Pfluegers Arch. 344: 119–132, 1973.
156. Hales, J. R. S. Effects of exposure to hot environments on the regional redistribution of blood flow and on cardiorespiratory function in sheep. Pfluegers Arch. 344: 133–148, 1973.
157. Hansen, B. F. Body composition during growth. Pediatrics 47: 264–274, 1972.
158. Hardman, M. J., and D. Hull. Fat metabolism in brown adipose tissue in vivo. J. Physiol. London 206: 263–273, 1970.
159. Hausberger, F. X., and M. W. Widelitz. Distribution of labeled erythrocytes in adipose tissue and muscle in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 204: 649–652, 1963.
160. Hedqvist, P., and J. Brundin. Inhibition by prostaglandin E1 of noradrenaline release and of effector response to nerve stimulation in the cat spleen. Life Sci. 8: 389–395, 1969.
161. Heim, T., and D. Hull. The blood flow and oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue in the new‐born rabbit. J. Physiol. London 186: 42–55, 1966.
162. Heim, T., and D. Hull. The effect of propranolol on the calorigenic response in brown adipose tissue of new‐born rabbits to catecholamines, glucagon, corticotrophin, and cold exposure. J. Physiol. London 187: 271–283, 1966.
163. Heller, H., and K. Lederis. Maturation of the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system. J. Physiol. London 147: 299–314, 1959.
164. Hernández, M. J., R. W. Brennan, R. C. Vannucci, and G. S. Bowman. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the newborn dog. Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 3): R209–R215, 1978.
165. Hervonen, A., and O. Korkala. The effects of hypoxia on the catecholamine content of human fetal abdominal paraganglia and adrenal medulla. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 51: 17–24, 1972.
166. Hessler, J. R., and S. Cassin. Effects of increased intracranial pressure on pulmonary vascular resistance of fetal and neonatal goats. Am. J. Physiol. 232 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 1): H671–H675, 1977.
167. Heymann, M. A., and A. M. Rudolph. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the ductus arteriosus and circulation in fetal lambs in utero. Circ. Res. 38: 418–422, 1976.
168. Heymann, M. A., and A. M. Rudolph. Effect of prostaglandins and blockers of prostaglandin synthesis on the ductus arteriosus: animal and human studies. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res. 4: 363–372, 1978.
169. Heymann, M. A., A. M. Rudolph, A. S. Nies, and K. L. Melmon. Bradykinin production associated with oxygenation of the fetal lamb. Circ. Res. 25: 521–534, 1969.
170. Hilton, S. M., M. G. Jeffries, and G. Vrbová. Functional specializations of the vascular bed of soleus. J. Physiol. London 206: 543–562, 1970.
171. Hoppenstein, J. M., F. W. Miltenberger, and W. H. Moran. The increase of blood levels of vasopressin in infants during birth and surgical procedures. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 90: 966–974, 1968.
172. Horster, M., and J. E. Levy. Filtration fraction and extraction of PAH during neonatal period in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 219: 1061–1065, 1970.
173. Horster, M., and H. Valtin. Postnatal development of renal function: micropuncture and clearance studies in the dog. J. Clin. Invest. 50: 779–795, 1971.
174. Hosokawa, S. Y., H. Yamashita, and W. F. Caveness. Regional cerebral blood flow pattern in subcortical propagation of focal seizures in newborn monkeys. Ann. Neurol. 1: 225–234, 1977.
175. Hudlická, O. Resting and post‐contraction blood flow in slow and fast muscles of the chick during development. Microvasc. Res. 1: 390–402, 1969.
176. Humphreys, P. W., I. C. W. Normand, E. O. R. Reynolds, and L. B. Strang. Pulmonary lymph flow and the uptake of liquid from the lungs at the start of breathing. J. Physiol. London 193: 1–29, 1967.
177. Hurley, J. K., S. E. Kirkpatrick, P. T. Pitlick, W. F. Friedman, and S. A. Mendoza. Renal responses of the fetal lamb to fetal or maternal volume expansion. Circ. Res. 40: 557–560, 1977.
178. Iwamoto, H. S., and A. M. Rudolph. Effects of endogenous angiotensin II on the fetal circulation. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 283–293, 1979.
179. Iwamoto, H. S., and A. M. Rudolph. Effects of angiotensin II on the blood flow and its distribution in fetal lambs. Circ. Res. 48: 183–189, 1981.
180. Iwamoto, H. S., A. M. Rudolph, L. C. S. Keil, and M. Heymann. Hemodynamic responses of the sheep fetus to vasopressin infusion. Circ. Res. 44: 430–436, 1979.
181. Jansen, A. H., M. J. Purves, and E. D. Tan. The role of sympathetic nerves in the activation of the carotid body chemoreceptors at birth in the sheep. J. Dev. Physiol. 2: 305–321, 1981.
182. Jarai, I. The redistribution of cardiac output on cold exposure in new‐born rabbits. J. Physiol. London 202: 559–567, 1969.
183. Jegier, W., J. Maclaurin, W. Blankenship, and J. Lind. Comparative study of blood volume estimation in the newborn infant using I131labeled human serum albumin (IHSA) and T‐1824. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 16: 125–132, 1964.
184. Johanssen, B., and B. Ljung. Spread of excitation in the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein. Acta Physiol. Scand. 70: 312–322, 1967.
185. Johnson, G. N., R. J. Palahniuk, W. A. Tweed, M. V. Jones, and J. G. Wade. Regional cerebral blood flow changes during severe fetal asphyxia produced by slow partial umbilical cord compression. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 135: 48–52, 1979.
186. Jones, C. T. The development of some metabolic responses to hypoxia in the fetal sheep. J. Physiol. London 265: 743–762, 1977.
187. Jones, C. T. Circulating catecholamines and the cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine responses of fetal sheep. In: Catecholamines: Basic and Clinical Frontiers, edited by E. Usdin, I. J. Kopin, and J. Barchas. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1980, p. 854–856.
188. Jones, C. T. Circulating catecholamines in the fetus, their origin, actions and significance. In: Biogenic Amines in Development, edited by H. Parvez and S. Parvez. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980, p. 63–86.
189. Jones, C. T., and R. O. Robinson. Plasma catecholamines in foetal and adult sheep. J. Physiol. London 248: 15–53, 1975.
190. Jones, C. T., and D. W. Rurak. Absence of a correlation between the secretion of adrenocorticotrophin and vasopressin in foetal sheep. J. Endocrinol. 70: 327–328, 1976.
191. Jones, C. T., and D. W. Rurak. The distribution and clearance of hormones and metabolites in the circulation of the fetal sheep. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 61: 287–295, 1976.
192. Jones, M. D., Jr., R. E. Sheldon, L. L. Peeters, E. L. Makowski, and G. Meschia. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ovine fetus. Am. J. Physiol. 235 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 4): H162–H166, 1978.
193. Jones, M. D., Jr., R. E. Sheldon, L. L. Peeters, G. Meschia, F. C. Battaglia, and E. L. Makowski. Fetal cerebral oxygen consumption at different levels of oxygenation. J. Appl. Physiol: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 43: 1080–1084, 1977.
194. Jones, M. D., Jr., R. J. Traystman, M. A. Simmons, and R. A. Molteni. Effects of changes in arterial O2 content on cerebral blood flow in the lamb. Am. J. Physiol. 240 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 9): H209–H215, 1981.
195. Jose, P. A., L. M. Slotkoff, L. S. Lilienfield, P. L. Calcagno, and G. M. Eisner. Sensitivity of neonatal renal vasculature to epinephrine. Am. J. Physiol. 226: 796–799, 1974.
196. Jose, P. A., L. M. Slotkoff, S. Montgomery, P. L. Calcagno, and G. Eisner. Autoregulation of renal blood flow in the puppy. Am. J. Physiol. 229: 983–988, 1975.
197. Jouvet, M. Neurophysiology of the states of sleep. Physiol. Rev. 47: 117–177, 1967.
198. Kalia, M. Visceral and somatic reflexes produced by J pulmonary receptors in newborn kittens. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 1–6, 1976.
199. Kennedy, C., G. D. Grave, and J. W. Jehle. Effect of hyperoxia on the cerebral circulation of the newborn puppy. Pediatr. Res. 5: 659–667, 1971.
200. Kennedy, C., G. D. Grave, J. W. Jehle, and L. Sokoloff. Changes in blood flow in the component structures of the dog brain during postnatal maturation. J. Neurochem. 19: 2423–2433, 1972.
201. Kjellmer, I., K. Karlsson, T. Olsson, and K. G. Rosen. Cerebral reactions during intrauterine asphyxia in the sheep. I. Circulation and oxygen consumption in the fetal brain. Pediatr. Res. 8: 50–57, 1974.
202. Kleinman, L. I., and R. J. Lübbe. Factors affecting the maturation of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the new‐born dog. J. Physiol. London 223: 395–409, 1972.
203. Kleinman, L. I., and J. H. Reuter. Maturation of glomerular blood flow distribution in the new‐born dog. J. Physiol. London 228: 91–103, 1973.
204. Kollmeyer, K. R., and L. I. Kleinman. A respiratory venous chemoreceptor in the young puppy. J. Appl. Physiol. 38: 819–826, 1975.
205. Kovach, A. G. B., S. Rosell, P. Sandor, E. Koltay, E. Kovach, and N. Tomka. Blood flow, oxygen consumption, and free fatty acid release in subcutaneous adipose tissue during hemorrhagic shock in control and phenoxybenzamine‐treated dogs. Circ. Res. 26: 733–742, 1970.
206. Lagercrantz, H., P. Bistoletti, and L. Nylund. Sympathoadrenal activity in the foetus during delivery and at birth. In: Intensive Care of the Newborn, edited by L. Stern. Paris: Masson, 1977, vol. III.
207. Leake, R. D., R. E. Weitzman, and D. A. Fisher. Oxytocin concentrations during the neonatal period. Biol. Neonat. 39: 127–131, 1981.
208. Leffler, C. W., T. L. Tyler, and S. Cassin. Effect of indomethacin on pulmonary vascular response to ventilation of fetal goats. Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 3): H346–H351, 1978.
209. Leffler, C. W., T. L. Tyler, and S. Cassin. Responses of pulmonary and systemic circulations of perinatal goats to prostaglandin F2α. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 57: 167–173, 1979.
210. Levin, D. L., L. J. Mills, M. Parkey, J. Garriott, and W. Campbell. Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus after administration of indomethacin to the pregnant ewe. J. Pediatr. 94: 647–650, 1979.
211. Lewis, A. B., M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Gestational changes in pulmonary vascular responses in fetal lambs in utero. Circ. Res. 39: 536–541, 1976.
212. Lindekamp, O., D. Berg, K. Betke, F. Koferl, H. Kreigel, and K. P. Riegel. Blood volume and hematocrit in various organs in newborn piglets. Pediatr. Res. 14: 1324–1327, 1980.
213. Lingwood, B., K. J. Hardy, I. Horacek, M. L. McPhee, B. A. Scoggins, and E. M. Wintour. The effects of antidiuretic hormone on urine flow and composition in the chronically cannulated ovine fetus. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cogn. Med. Sci. 63: 315–330, 1978.
214. Little, R. Changes in the blood volume of the rabbit with age. J. Physiol. London 208: 485–497, 1970.
215. Ljundqvist, A. Fetal and postnatal development of the intrarenal arterial pattern in man. A microangiographic and histologic study. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 52: 443–464, 1963.
216. Ljung, B., and D. Stage. Postnatal ontogenetic development of neurogenic and myogenic control in the rat portal vein. Acta Physiol. Scand. 94: 112–127, 1975.
217. Lock, J. E., F. Hamilton, H. Luide, F. Coceani, and P. M. Olley. Direct pulmonary vascular responses in the conscious newborn lamb. J. Appl. Physiol. 48: 188–196, 1980.
218. Lock, J. E., F. Hamilton, P. M. Olley, and F. Coceani. The effect of alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary vascular responsiveness in the conscious newborn lamb. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58: 153–159, 1980.
219. Lock, J. E., P. M. Olley, S. Soldin, and F. Coceani. Indomethacin‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in the conscious newborn lamb. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 7): H639–H644, 1980.
220. Loggie, J. M. H., L. I. Kleinman, and E. F. Van Maanen. Renal function and diuretic therapy in infants and children. J. Pediatr. 86: 485–496, 1975.
221. Longo, L. D., and G. G. Power. Long‐term regulation of fetal cardiac output: a hypothesis on the role of carbon dioxide. Gynecol. Invest. 4: 277–287, 1973.
222. Longo, L. D., J. F. Wyatt, C. W. Hewitt, and R. D. Gilbert. A comparison of circulatory responses to hypoxic hypoxia and carbon monoxide hypoxia in fetal blood flow and oxygenation. In: Fetal and Newborn Cardiovascular Physiology, edited by L. D. Longo and D. D. Reneau. New York: Garland, 1978, vol. II, p. 259–287.
223. Lorijn, R. H. W., and L. D. Longo. Norepinephrine elevation in the fetal lamb: oxygen consumption and cardiac output. Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 8): R115–R122, 1980.
224. Lorijn, R. H. W., J. C. Nelson, and L. D. Longo. Induced fetal hyperthyroidism: cardiac output and oxygen consumption. Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 8): H302–H307, 1980.
225. Lumbers, E. R., and G. C. Reid. The actions of vasoactive compounds in the foetus and the effect of perfusion through the placenta on their biological activity. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 56: 11–24, 1978.
226. Lumbers, E. R., A. D. Stevens, G. Alexander, and D. Stevens. The cardiovascular responses of conscious newborn lambs treated in utero with 6‐hydroxydopamine. J. Dev. Physiol. 2: 139–149, 1980.
227. Magrini, F. Haemodynamic determinants of the arterial blood pressure rise during growth in conscious puppies. Cardiovasc. Res. 12: 422–428, 1978.
228. Makowski, E. L., G. Meschia, W. Droegmueller, and F. C. Battaglia. Measurement of umbilical arterial blood flow to the sheep placenta and fetus in utero. Circ. Res. 23: 623–631, 1968.
229. Malik, K. U., P. Ryan, and J. C. McGiff. Modification by prostaglandins E1 and E2, indomethacin and arachidonic acid of the vasoconstrictor responses of the isolated perfused rabbit and rat mesenteric arteries to adrenergic stimuli. Circ. Res. 39: 163–168, 1976.
230. Maloney, J. E., J. Cannata, M. H. Downing, W. Else, and B. Ritchie. Baroreflex activity in conscious and newborn lambs. Biol. Neonat. 31: 340–350, 1977.
231. Ma Rsk, L. Luminal changes in the abdominal vessels during the perinatal period in the rat. Anat. Am. 132: 487–492, 1972.
232. Mayerle, J. A., and R. J. Havel. Nutritional effects of blood flow in adipose tissue of unanesthetized rats. Am. J. Physiol. 217: 1694–1698, 1969.
233. McKenna, O. C., and Angelakos, E. T. Development of the adrenergic innervation in the puppy kidney. Anat. Rec. 167: 115–125, 1970.
234. McNay, J. L., and Y. Abe. Pressure‐dependent heterogeneity of renal cortical blood flow in dogs. Circ. Res. 27: 571–587, 1970.
235. Mellor, D. J., and J. S. Slater. The composition of maternal plasma and foetal urine after feeding and drinking in chronically catheterized ewes during the last two months of pregnancy. J. Physiol. London 234: 519–531, 1973.
236. Meyer, W. W., and J. Lind. Postnatal changes in the perinatal circulation. Arch. Dis. Child 41: 606–612, 1966.
237. Millard, R. W., H. Baig, and S. F. Vatner. Prostaglandin control of the renal circulation in response to hypoxemia in the fetal lamb in utero. Circ. Res. 45: 172–179, 1979.
238. Milligan, D. W. A. Cerebral blood flow and sleep state in the normal newborn infant. Early Hum. Dev. 3: 321–328, 1979.
239. Milligan, J. E., M. R. Roach, and N. S. Talner. Vasomotor responses in the hindlimb of newborn calves. Circ. Res. 21: 237–244, 1967.
240. Mitchell, M. D. Prostaglandin synthesis, metabolism and function in the fetus. In: Biochemical Development of the Fetus and Neonate, edited by C. T. James. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982, p. 425–471.
241. Mitchell, M. D., J. Brunt, L. Clover, and D. W. Walker. Prostaglandins in the umbilical and uterine circulations during late pregnancy in the ewe. J. Reprod. Fertil. 58: 283–287, 1980.
242. Mollison, P. L., N. Veall, and M. Cutbush. Red cell and plasma volumes in newborn infants. Arch. Dis. Child. 25: 242–259, 1950.
243. Molteni, R. A., M. H. Melmed, R. E. Sheldon, M. D. Jones, and G. Meschia. Induction of fetal breathing by metabolic acidemia and its effect on blood flow to the respiratory muscles. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 136: 609–620, 1980.
244. Moncada, S., A. G. Herman, E. A. Higgs, and J. R. Vane. Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX or PGI2) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the antithrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb. Res. 11: 323–344, 1977.
245. Mott, J. C. Haemorrhage as a test of the function of the cardiovascular system in rabbits of different ages. J. Physiol. London 181: 728–752, 1965.
246. Mott, J. C. Cardiovascular function in new‐born mammals. Br. Med. Bull. 22: 66–69, 1966.
247. Mott, J. C. Baro‐ and chemoreceptor mechanisms in haemorrhage. In: Neurohumoral and Metabolic Aspects of Injury, edited by A. G. B. Kovach, H. B. Stoner, and J. J. Spitzer. New York: Plenum, 1971, p. 455–461.
248. Mott, J. C. The fetal renin‐angiotensin system. In: Fetal and Newborn Cardiovascular Physiology, edited by L. D. Longo and D. D. Reneau. New York: Garland, 1978, vol. I, p. 415–438.
249. Mott, J. C. The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in pregnancy and its relation to that of the fetus and newborn. In: The Influence of Maternal Hormones on the Fetus and Newborn, edited by M. Nitzan. Basel: Karger, 1979, vol. 5, p. 126–145.
250. Mott, J. C. Patent ductus arteriosus: experimental aspects. Arch. Dis. Child. 55: 99–105, 1980.
251. Muscholl, E., and M. Vogt. Secretory responses of extra‐medullary chromaffin tissue. Br. J. Pharmacol. 22: 193–203, 1964.
252. Neutze, J. M., F. Wyler, and A. M. Rudolph. Use of radioactive microspheres to assess distribution of cardiac output in rabbits. Am. J. Physiol. 215: 486–495, 1968.
253. Novy, M. J., and J. Metcalfe. Measurements of umbilical blood flow and vascular volume by dye dilution. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 106: 899–906, 1970.
254. Oakes, G. K., A. M. Walker, R. A. Ehrenkranz, R. C. Cefalo, and R. A. Chez. Uteroplacental blood flow during hyperthermia with and without respiratory alkalosis. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 197–201, 1976.
255. Oh, W., M. A. Oh, and J. Lind. Renal function and blood volume in newborn infant related to placental transfusion. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 55: 197–210, 1966.
256. Olbing, H., M. D. Blaufox, L. C. Aschinberg, G. I. Silkalns, J. Bernstein, A. Spitzer, and C. M. Edelmann. Postnatal changes in renal glomerular blood flow distribution in puppies. J. Clin. Invest. 52: 2885–2895, 1973.
257. Omini, C., G. Brunelli, G. C. Folco, A. Marini, R. Pasargiklian, and F. Berti. Prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in lungs of fetal and newborn rabbits. Prostaglandins 21: 345–351, 1981.
258. Pace‐Asciak, C. R., M. C. Carrara, L. Levine, and K. C. Nicolaou. PGI2‐specific antibodies administered in vivo suggest against a role for endogenous PGI2 as a circulating vasodepressive hormone in the normotensive and hypertensive rat. Prostaglandins 20: 1053–1060, 1980.
259. Pace‐Asciak, C. R., and G. Rangaraj. The 6‐ketoprostaglandin F1α pathway in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 486: 583–585, 1977.
260. Pace‐Asciak, C. R., and G. Rangaraj. Distribution of prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways in organs and tissues of the fetal lamb. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 528: 512–514, 1978.
261. Pace‐Asciak, C. R., and G. Rangaraj. Prostaglandin biosynthesis and catabolism in the lamb ductus arteriosus, aorta and pulmonary artery. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 529: 13–20, 1978.
262. Pagani, M., I. Mirsky, H. Baig, W. T. Manders, P. Kerkhof, and S. F. Vatner. Effects of age on aortic pressure‐diameter and elastic stiffness‐stress relationships in 5 unanesthetized sheep. Circ. Res. 44: 420–429, 1979.
263. Paintal, A. S. Vagal sensory receptors and their reflex effects. Physiol. Rev. 53: 159–227, 1973.
264. Palahniuk, R. J., G. A. Doig, G. N. Johnson, and M. P. Pash. Maternal halothane anesthesia reduces cerebral blood flow in the acidotic sheep fetus. Anesth. Analg. Cleveland 59: 35–39, 1980.
265. Paton, J. B., D. E. Fisher, E. N. Peterson, C. W. Delannoy, and R. E. Behrman. Cardiac output and organ blood flows in the baboon fetus. Biol. Neonat. 22: 50–57, 1973.
266. Peach, M. J. Renin‐angiotensin system: biochemistry and mechanisms of action. Physiol. Rev. 57: 313–370, 1977.
267. Peeters, L. L. H., R. E. Sheldon, M. D. Jones, Jr., E. L. Makowski, and G. Meschia. Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 135: 637–646, 1979.
268. Perks, A. M., and E. Vizsoyli. Studies of the neurohypophysis in foetal mammals. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 430–438.
269. Perry, M. A., and D. G. Garlick. Permeability and pore radii of pulmonary capillaries in rabbits of different ages. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 5: 361–377, 1978.
270. Ponte, J., and M. J. Purves. Types of afferent nervous activity which may be measured in the vagus nerve of the sheep foetus. J. Physiol. London 229: 51–76, 1973.
271. Powell, W. S., and S. Solomon. Formation of 6‐oxoprostaglandin F1α by arteries of the fetal calf. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 75: 815–822, 1977.
272. Powell, W. S., and S. Solomon. Biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 by fetal lung homogenates. Prostaglandins 15: 351–364, 1978.
273. Powell, W. S., and S. Solomon. Biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in fetal tissues. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res. 4: 61–74, 1978.
274. Power, G. G., and L. D. Longo. Sluice flow in placenta: maternal vascular pressure effects on fetal circulation. Am. J. Physiol. 225: 1490–1496, 1973.
275. Power, G. G., L. D. Longo, H. N. Wagner, D. E. Kuhl, and R. E. Forster. Uneven distribution of maternal and fetal placental blood flow as demonstrated using macroaggregates and its response to hypoxia. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 2053–2063, 1967.
276. Purin, V. R., and E. V. Syutkina. Local cerebral blood flow velocity in newborn rats in normocapnia and hypercapnia. Eksp. Biol. Med. 84: 139–141, 1977.
277. Purves, M. J. Respiratory and circulatory effects of breathing 100% oxygen in the newborn lamb before and after denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors. J. Physiol. London 185: 42–59, 1966.
278. Purves, M. J. The effect of hypoxia in the newborn lamb before and after denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors. J. Physiol. London 185: 60–77, 1966.
279. Purves, M. J. Chemoreceptors and their reflexes with special reference to the fetus and newborn. J. Dev. Physiol. 3: 21–57, 1981.
280. Purves, M. J., and I. M. James. Observations on the control of cerebral blood flow in the sheep fetus and newborn lamb. Circ. Res. 25: 651–667, 1969.
281. Rahilly, P. M. Effects of sleep state and feeding on cranial blood flow of the human neonate. Arch. Dis. Child. 55: 265–270, 1980.
282. Rahilly, P. M. Effects of 2% carbon dioxide, 0.5% carbon dioxide, and 100% oxygen on cranial blood flow of the human neonate. Pediatrics 66: 685–689, 1980.
283. Rankin, J. H. G. A role for prostaglandins in the regulation of the placental blood flows. Prostaglandins 11: 343–353, 1976.
284. Rankin, J. H. G., A. Berssenbrugge, D. Anderson, and T. Phernetton. Ovine placental vascular responses to indomethacin. Am. J. Physiol. 236 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 5): H61–H64, 1979.
285. Rankin, J. H. G., D. S. Dhindsa, and J. Metcalfe. High gain placental cardiovascular control. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 154: 606–609, 1977.
286. Rankin, J. H. G., A. Goodman, and T. M. Phernetton. Local regulation of the uterine blood flow by the umbilical circulation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 150: 690–694, 1975.
287. Rankin, J. H. G., and M. K. McLaughlin. The regulation of placental blood flows. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 3–30, 1979.
288. Rankin, J., G. Meschia, E. L. Makowski, and F. C. Battaglia. Macroscopic distribution of blood flow in the sheep placenta. Am. J. Physiol. 219: 9–16, 1970.
289. Rankin, J. H. G., and T. M. Phernetton. Circulatory responses of the near‐term sheep fetus to prostaglandin E2. Am. J. Physiol. 231: 760–765, 1976.
290. Reeves, J. T., and J. E. Leathers. Postnatal development of pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations in the calf and the effects of chronic hypoxia. Anat. Rec. 157: 641–655, 1967.
291. Reivich, M., A. W. Brann, H. Shapiro, J. Rawson, and N. Sano. Reactivity of cerebral vessels to CO2 in the newborn rhesus monkey. Eur. Neurol. 6: 132–136, 1971‐72.
292. Reuss, M. L., and A. M. Rudolph. Distribution and recirculation of umbilical and systemic venous blood flow in fetal lambs during hypoxia. J. Dev. Physiol. 2: 71–84, 1980.
293. Ripoll, E., A. H. Sillau, and N. Banchero. Changes in the capillarity of skeletal muscle in the growing rat. Pfluegers Arch. 380: 153–158, 1979.
294. Roach, M. J. A biophysical look at the relationship of structure and function in the umbilical artery. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 141–163.
295. Robillard, J. E., C. Kulvinskas, C. Sessions, L. Burgmeister, and F. G. Smith. Maturational changes in the fetal glomerular filtration rate. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122: 601–606, 1975.
296. Robillard, J. E., E. Ramberg, C. Sessions, B. Consamus, D. Van Orden, D. Weismann, and F. G. Smith. Role of aldosterone on renal sodium and potassium excretion during fetal life and newborn period. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 1: 201–216, 1980.
297. Robillard, J. E., C. Sessions, R. L. Kennedy, L. Hamel‐Robillard, and F. G. Smith. Interrelationship between glomerular filtration rate and renal transport of sodium and chloride during fetal life. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 128: 727–734, 1977.
298. Robillard, J. E., D. N. Weismann, and P. Herin. Ontogeny of single glomerular perfusion rate in fetal and newborn lambs. Pediatr. Res. 15: 1248–1255, 1981.
299. Robillard, J. E., and R. E. Weitzman. Developmental aspects of the fetal renal response to exogenous arginine vasopressin. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 7): F407–F414, 1980.
300. Robillard, J. E., R. E. Weitzman, L. Burmeister, and F. G. Smith, Jr. Developmental aspects of the renal response to hypoxemia in the lamb fetus. Circ. Res. 48: 128–137, 1981.
301. Robillard, J. E., R. E. Weitzman, D. A. Fisher, and F. G. Smith. The dynamics of vasopressin release and blood volume regulation during fetal hemorrhage in the lamb fetus. Pediatr. Res. 13: 606–610, 1979.
302. Robinson, J. S., E. J. Kingston, C. T. Jones, and G. D. Thorburn. Studies on experimental growth retardation in sheep. The effect of removal of endometrial caruncles on fetal size and metabolism. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 45–66, 1979.
303. Rudolph, A. M., and M. A. Heymann. The circulation of the fetus in utero: methods for studying distribution of blood flow. Circ. Res. 21: 163–184, 1967.
304. Rudolph, A. M., and M. A. Heymann. Validation of the antipyrine method for measuring fetal umbilical blood flow. Circ. Res. 21: 185–190, 1967.
305. Rudolph, A. M., and M. A. Heymann. Circulatory changes during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ. Res. 26: 289–299, 1970.
306. Rurak, D. W. Plasma vasopressin levels during hypoxaemia and the cardiovascular effects of exogenous vasopressin in foetal and adult sheep. J. Physiol. London 277: 341–357, 1978.
307. Rurak, D. W. Plasma vasopressin levels during haemorrhage in mature and immature fetal sheep. J. Dev. Physiol. 1: 91–101, 1979.
308. Sawyer, W. H. Evolution of neurohypophyseal hormones and their receptors. Federation Proc. 36: 1842–1847, 1977.
309. Scharrer, E. The maturation of the hypothalamic‐hypophyseal neurosecretory system in the dog. Anat. Rec. 118: 437, 1954.
310. Shapiro, H. M., J. H. Greenberg, K. Van Horn Naughton, and M. Reivich. Local cerebral blood flow sensitivity to carbon dioxide in newborn and adult dogs. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 56: 426–427, 1977.
311. Sheldon, R. E., L. L. H. Peeters, M. D. Jones, Jr., E. L. Makowski, and G. Meschia. Redistribution of cardiac output and oxygen delivery in the hypoxemic fetal lamb. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 135: 1071–1078, 1979.
312. Shelley, H. J. The use of chronically catheterized foetal lambs for the study of foetal metabolism. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 360–381.
313. Shepherd, D. M., and G. B. West. Noradrenaline and the suprarenal medulla. Br. J. Pharmacol. 6: 665–674, 1951.
314. Shinebourne, E. A., E. K. Vapaavuori, R. L. Williams, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Development of baroreflex activity in unanesthetized fetal and neonatal lambs. Circ. Res. 31: 710–718, 1972.
315. Sumes, A. S. I., R. K. Creasy, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Cardiac output and its distribution and organ blood flow in the fetal lamb during ritodrine infusion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 132: 42–48, 1978.
316. Skowsky, W. R., R. A. Bashore, F. G. Smith, and D. A. Fisher. Vasopressin metabolism in the foetus and newborn. In: Foetal and Neonatal Physiology: Proc. Barcroft Centenary Symp., edited by R. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, and P. W. Nathanielsz. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, p. 439–447.
317. Skowsky, W. R., and D. A. Fisher. Fetal neurohypophyseal arginine vasopressin and arginine vasotocin in man and sheep. Pediatr. Res. 11: 627–630, 1977.
318. Smith, E. L., S. Deavers, and R. A. Huggins. Absolute and relative organ blood volumes and organ hematocrits in growing beagles. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 140: 285–290, 1972.
319. Smith, F. G., A. N. Lupu, L. Barajas, R. Bauer, and R. A. Bashore. The renin‐angiotensin system in the fetal lamb. Pediatr. Res. 8: 611–620, 1974.
320. Smith, R. E., and B. A. Horwitz. Brown fat and thermogenesis. Physiol. Rev. 49: 330–425, 1969.
321. Smith, R. E., and J. C. Roberts. Thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in cold acclimated rats. Am. J. Physiol. 206: 143–148, 1964.
322. Spitzer, A., and M. Brandis. Functional and morphologic maturation of the superficial nephrons. Relationship to total kidney function. J. Clin. Invest. 53: 279–287, 1974.
323. Spitzer, A., and C. M. Edelmann, Jr. Maturational changes in pressure gradients for glomerular filtration. Am. J. Physiol. 221: 1431–1435, 1971.
324. Stanton, H. C., and S. K. Woo. Development of adrenal medullary function in swine. Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Endocrinol. Metab. Gastrointest. Physiol. 3): E137–E145, 1978.
325. Su, C., J. A. Bevan, N. S. Assali, and C. R. Brinkman. Regional variation of lamb blood vessel responsiveness to vasoactive agents during fetal development. Circ. Res. 41: 844–848, 1977.
326. Suter, E. R., and G. Majno. Passage of lipid across vascular endothelium in newborn rats. J. Cell Biol. 27: 163–177, 1965.
327. Symington, T. Functional Pathology of the Human Adrenal Gland. Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1969.
328. Talbot, R. B., and M. J. Swenson. Blood volume of pigs from birth through 6 weeks of age. Am. J. Physiol. 218: 1141–1144, 1970.
329. Taylor, P. M., U. Boonyaprakob, V. Waterman, D. Watson, and E. Lopata. Clearances of plasma proteins from pulmonary vascular beds of adult dogs and pups. Am. J. Physiol. 213: 441–449, 1967.
330. Terragno, N. A., J. C. McGiff, M. Smigel, and A. Terragno. Patterns of prostaglandin production in the bovine fetal and maternal vasculature. Prostaglandins 16: 847–855, 1978.
331. Terragno, N. A., J. C. McGiff, and A. Terragno. Prostacyclin (PGI2) production by renal blood vessels: relationship to an endogenous prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (EPSI). Clin. Res. 26: 545A, 1978.
332. Terragno, N. A., J. C. McGiff, and A. Terragno. Prostacyclin (PGI2): the most abundant prostaglandin (PG) in the fetal vasculature. Federation Proc. 37: 732, 1978.
333. Thornburg, K. L., J. M. Bissonnette, and J. J. Faber. Absence of fetal placental waterfall phenomenon in chronically prepared fetal lambs. Am. J. Physiol. 230: 886–892, 1976.
334. Tothill, P., and J. McCormick. Bone blood flow in the rat determined by the uptake of radioactive particles. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 51: 403–406, 1976.
335. Toubas, P. L., N. H. Silverman, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Cardiovascular effects of acute hemorrhage in fetal lambs. Am. J. Physiol. 240 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 9): H45–H48, 1981.
336. Touloukian, R. J. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: an update on etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Surg. Clin. North Am. 56: 281–298, 1976.
337. Touloukian, R. J., J. N. Posch, and R. P. Spencer. The pathogenesis of ischemic gastroenterocolitis of the neonate: selective gut mucosal ischemia in asphyxiated neonatal pigs. J. Pediatr. Surg. 7: 194–205, 1972.
338. Touloukian, R. J., R. P. Spencer, and K. K. Stinson. Alimentary circulation in the pup during the postnatal period. Arch. Surg. Chicago 102: 516–520, 1971.
339. Trimble, M. E. Renal response to solute loading in infant rats: relation to anatomical development. Am. J. Physiol. 219: 1089–1097, 1970.
340. Tulenko, T. N. Regional sensitivity to vasoactive polypeptides in the human umbilicoplacental vasculature. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 135: 629–636, 1979.
341. Tulenko, T. N. The actions of prostaglandins and cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition on the resistance vessels supplying the human fetal placenta. Prostaglandins 21: 1033–1043, 1981.
342. Tyler, T. L., C. W. Leffler, and S. Cassin. Effect of prostaglandin precursors, prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites on pulmonary circulation of perinatal goats. Chest 71: 271–273, 1977.
343. Tyler, T., R. Wallis, C. Leffler, and S. Cassin. The effects of indomethacin on the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in the premature and mature newborn goat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 150: 695–698, 1975.
344. Vane, J. R. The release and fate of vasoactive hormones in the circulation. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 35: 209–242, 1969.
345. Varma, S., R. J. Bhuwaneshwar, and K. P. Bhargava. Mechanism of vasopressin‐induced bradycardia in dogs. Circ. Res. 24: 787–792, 1969.
346. Vatner, S. F., D. Franklin, and R. L. Van Citters. Mesenteric vasoactivity associated with eating and digestion in the conscious dog. Am. J. Physiol. 219: 170–174, 1970.
347. Vatner, S. F., and W. T. Manders. Depressed responsiveness of the carotid sinus reflex in conscious newborn animals. Am. J. Physiol. 237 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 6): H40–H43, 1979.
348. Vaughn, D., T. H. Kirschbaum, T. Bersentes, and N. S. Assali. Effects of autonomic blockade on pulmonary and systemic circulations before and after birth. Am. J. Physiol. 212: 436–443, 1967.
349. Vincent, M., Y. Dessar, G. Annat, J. Sassard, R. Francois, and J. F. Cier. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone and dopamine β‐hydroxylase activity as a function of age in normal children. Pediatr. Res. 14: 894–895, 1980.
350. Vizsolyi, E., and A. M. Perks. New neurohypophysial principle in foetal mammals. Nature London 223: 1169–1171, 1969.
351. Walker, A. M., D. G. Alcorn, J. C. Cannata, J. E. Maloney, and B. C. Ritchie. Effect of ventilation on pulmonary blood volume of the fetal lamb. J. Appl. Physiol. 39: 969–975, 1975.
352. Walker, A. M., J. Cannata, M. Dowling, B. C. Ritchie, and J. E. Maloney. Autonomic control of heart rate during hypotension in conscious fetal and newborn lambs. In: Annual Report, Baker Institute, Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia, 1977, p. 37–38.
353. Walker, A. M., J. P. Cannata, M. H. Dowling, B. Ritchie, and J. E. Maloney. Sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate in unanaesthetized fetal and newborn lambs. Biol. Neonat. 33: 135–143, 1978.
354. Walker, A. M., J. P. Cannata, M. H. Dowling, B. C. Ritchie, and J. E. Maloney. Age‐dependent pattern of autonomic heart rate control during hypoxia in fetal and newborn lambs. Biol. Neonat. 35: 198–208, 1979.
355. Walker, A. M., G. K. Oakes, R. Ehrenkranz, M. McLaughlin, and R. A. Chez. Effects of hypercapnia on uterine and umbilical circulations in conscious pregnant sheep. J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 727–733, 1976.
356. Walker, A. M., G. K. Oakes, M. McLaughlin, R. A. Ehrenkranz, D. W. Alling, and R. A. Chez. 24‐Hour rhythms in uterine and umbilical blood flows of conscious pregnant sheep. Gynecol. Invest. 8: 288–298, 1977.
357. Walker, D. Renal function and micturition in fetal lambs, and the effects of hypoxia. Ann. Rech. Vet. 8: 497–498, 1977.
358. Walker, D., and M. D. Mitchell. Prostaglandins in the urine of foetal lambs. Nature London 271: 161–162, 1978.
359. Walker, D., and M. D. Mitchell. Presence of thromboxane B2 and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α in the urine of fetal sheep. Prostaglandins Med. 3: 249–250, 1979.
360. Walters, D. V., and R. E. Olver. The role of catecholamines in lung liquid absorption at birth. Pediatr. Res. 12: 239–242, 1978.
361. Weinshilboum, R. M. Serum dopamine β‐hydroxylase. Pharmacol. Rev. 30: 133–166, 1978.
362. Weitzman, R. E., D. A. Fisher, J. J. Distefano, III, and C. M. Bennett. Episodic secretion of arginine vasopressin. Am. J. Physiol. 233 (Endocrinol. Metab. Gastrointest. Physiol. 2): E32–E36, 1977.
363. Weitzman, R. E., D. A. Fisher, J. Robillard, A. Erenberg, R. Kennedy, and F. Smith. Arginine vasopressin response to an osmotic stimulus in the fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 12: 35–38, 1978.
364. West, G. B., D. M. Shepherd, R. B. Hunter, and A. R. MacGregor. The function of the organs of Zuckerkandl. Clin. Sci. 12: 317–325, 1953.
365. Widdowson, E. M. Growth and composition of the fetus and newborn. In: Biology of Gestation, edited by N. S. Assali. New York: Academic, 1972, p. 149.
366. Widdowson, E. M., and R. A. McCance. The effect of development on the composition of the serum and extracellular fluids. Clin. Sci. 15: 361–365, 1956.
367. Williams, R. L., R. P. Hof, M. A. Heymann, and A. M. Rudolph. Cardiovascular effects of electrical stimulation of the forebrain in the fetal lamb. Pediatr. Res. 10: 40–45, 1976.
368. Winther, J. B., E. Hoskins, M. P. Printz, S. A. Mendoza, S. E. Kirkpatrick, and W. F. Friedman. Influence of indomethacin on renal function in conscious newborn lambs. Biol. Neonat. 38: 76–84, 1980.
369. Wright, R. D. Blood flow through the adrenal gland. Endocrinology 72: 418–428, 1963.
370. Wünnenberg, W., and K. Brück. Zur Funktionsweise thermoreceptiver Strukturen im Cervicalmark des Meerschweinchens. Pfluegers Arch. 299: 1–10, 1968.
371. Yabek, S. M., and B. P. Avner. Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and indomethacin on neonatal lamb mesenteric and renal artery responses to electrical stimulation and norepinephrine. Prostaglandins 19: 23–30, 1980.
372. Young, M. Responses of the systemic circulation of the newborn infant. Br. Med. Bull. 22: 70–72, 1966.
373. Zink, J., and G. R. Petten Van. Time course of closure of the ductus venosus in the newborn lamb. Pediatr. Res. 14: 1–3, 1980.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.