Source: http://canr.udel.edu/planthoppers/north-america/north-american-fulgoridae/
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 14:23:29+00:00

Document:
Fulgoridae, often called lanternflies, consist of approximately 143 genera and 716 species at present (Bourgoin 2016). The higher classification of Fulgoridae has not been recently revised, although Emeljanov (1979) has reviewed the relationship between the Fulgoridae and Dictyopharidae. Urban and Cryan (2009) found Fulgoridae and Dictyopharidae to be sister groups and that the assignment of some basal genera to family was problematic. Urban and Cryan (2009) provided the first molecular phylogeny of Fulgoridae, demonstrating that head processes are repeatedly gained and lost over evolutionary time. Since the higher classification of Fulgoridae is partly based on the presence and nature of the head process, a reassessment of the higher categories is needed.
Fulgoridae is represented in America north of Mexico by 9 genera and 17 species, all of which occur in the southwest with fewer species in other regions.
Distribution of Fulgoridae in the US (from Bartlett et al. 2014).
Fulgorids are large, mostly tropical planthoppers. In North America, they mostly exceed 7 mm, although tropical forms can reach 95 mm. Aside from size, they can be recognized by the reticulate venation of the hindwings, and usually the forewings, which are often opaque and held tectiform (tent-ike). Some genera (e.g., Amycle, Rhabdocephala and Scolopsella) have an elongate head process. The second tarsomere of the hind leg bears a row of teeth, a feature shared with Dictyopharidae and basal planthoppers, but in contrast to the derived families.
Kramer (1978) revised Cyrpoptus and O’Brien (1988) provided a key to New World genera and species with head processes. The species Alphina glauca and Calyptoproctus marmoratus are nomenclaturally and taxonomically problematic. These species belong in the same genus, but neither Alphina or Calyptoproctus is appropriate. Also, it is possible that Alphina glauca and Calyptoproctus marmoratus are the same species, but the type specimen of Alphina glauca (from Brownsville, Texas) is misplaced, and 2 similar species (presumably undescribed) are known from extreme southern U.S. and Mexico (as far south as Chiapas). this situation is the subject of an ongoing study.
Of the 9 native genera of Fulgoridae found north of Mexico, most have congeners in Central America, except Rhabdocephala (which is monotypic). Lycorma delicatula (White, 1845) was recently detected in Pennsylvania and is now (perhaps temporarily) part of our fauna.
The majority of Fulgoridae feed on trees and woody shrubs through the bark, but a few taxa are grass feeding (e.g., Amycle, Cyrpoptus, Rhabdocephala). Most fulgorids have been reported from a single host species (Wilson et al. 1994). We have observed Poblicia fuliginosa feeding on winged sumac (Rhus copallinum L., Anacardiaceae) in the east and reared nymphs on Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray (Asteraceae) in Arizona, where it may also be found on Brickellia (Asteraceae). Itzalana submaculata was found on Baccharis in Texas, with nymphs found in September and adults in September, October and May. The biology of Rhabdocephala brunnea has been described by Wilson and Wheeler (1992). The nymphs of this species feed on Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal (Poaceae); it may be bivoltine. The biology and immature forms of the eastern species Amycle vernalis, Cyrpoptus belfragei, and C. reineckei have been described from the exotic Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (weeping lovegrass, Poaceae) and other grasses, and these species appear to be bivoltine (Wilson & Wheeler 2005).
(A key to genus will be added later).
Amycle Stål, 1861 (Type species Fulgora (Episcius?) amabilis Westwood, 1842).
Rhabdocephala Van Duzee, 1929 (Type species Rhabdocephala brunnea Van Duzee, 1929).
Scolopsella Ball, 1905 (Type species Scolopsella reticulata Ball, 1905).
Alphina Stål, 1863 (Type species Alphina nigrosignata Stål, 1863).
Alaruasa Distant, 1906 (Type species Poiocera lepida Spinola, 1839).
Itzalana Distant, 1905 (Type species Itzalana formosa Distant, 1905).
Poblicia Stål, 1866 (Type species Poeocera misella Stål, 1863).
Lycorma Stål, 1863 (type species Aphana imperialis White, 1846).
Pyrops probably candelaria (Linné, 1758) from China (photo by Dawn Chang).
Phrictus quinquepartitus from La Selva, Costa Rica (Photos by Brian Cutting, University of Delaware). Photo on top on the trunk of a tree is how you would usually find them; photo on the bottom provides a better look, but they usually don’t sit on branches.
There are lots of photos of Fulgoridae online since they are striking insects. I’ll post references here as I encounter them.
Illuminating the Lanternfly Tree of Life (Julie Urban).
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Caldwell, J. S. 1945. Neotropical lanternflies of the genus Phrictus in the United States National Museum with descriptions of four new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96(3194):1 77-184.
Cheng, C. L. and C. T. Yang. 1996. Antennal sensory plaque organs of Fulgoridae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Chinese Journal of Entomology 16(3): 187-207.
Cheung, W.W.K. 1981. Ultrastructural and functional differentiation of the Malpighian tubules of the lantern bug Pyrops candelaria Linn. (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Cytologia (Tokyo) 46(1-2): 241-254.
Cheung, W.W.K. 1983. Light and electron microscopic observation of the midgut sheath and anterior diverticulum of the lantern bug, Pyrops candelaria Linn. (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Cytologia (Tokyo) 48(2): 333-342.
Cheung, W.W.K. and A. T. Marshall. 1981. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations on the oenocytes of the lantern bug, Pyrops candelaria Linn. (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 20(2): 69-72.
Cheung, W.W.K. and A. T. Marshall. 1982. Ultrastructural and functional differentiation of the midgut of the lantern bug, Pyrops candelaria Linn. (Homoptera: Fulgoridae). Cytologia (Tokyo) 47(2): 325-339.
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Kim, H. J., M. Y. Kim, D. H. Kwon, S. W. Park, Y. R. Lee, H. Y. Jang, S. H. Lee, S. H. Lee, J. H. Huang, K. J. Hong and Y. W. Jang. 2011. Development and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci from Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Animal Cells and Systems 15(4): 295-300.
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