Source: http://globallegalforum.blogspot.com/2011/07/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 11:09:09+00:00

Document:
While interpreting the statutes an interpretation leading to conflicting judgments is to be avoided as held in Hafiz Abdul Waheed v. Mrs. Asrna Jehangir and another PLD 2004 SC 219. The intention of the law maker is always gathered by reading the statutes as a whole and meanings are given to each and every word of the whole statute by adopting a harmonious construction. In this regard, the principles for interpretation have been settled by this Court in the cases of Messrs Mehboob Industries Ltd. v. Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation Ltd. 1988 CLC 866, Shahid Nabi Malik and another v. Chief Election Commissioner and 7 others PLD 1997 SC 32, M. Aslam Khaki v. Muhammad Hashim PLD 2000 SC 225, Mysore Minerals Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax 2000 PTD 1486, Hafeezullah v. Abdul Latif PLD 2002 Kar: 457, Hafiz Abdul Waheed v. Mrs. Asma Jehangir PLD 2004 SC 219, 7afar All Khan and another v. Government of N.W.F.-P through Chief Secretary and others PLD 2004 Peshawar 263, D. G. Khan Cement Company Limited and others v. Federation of Pakistan and others 2004 SCMR 456, Muhammad Abbas Gujjar v. District Returning Officer/District Judge Sheikhupura and 2 others 2004 CLC 1559, Shoukat Baig v. Shahid Jamil PLD 2005 SC 530.
This is a wonderful two part series by an Indian law network website on the life and career of Mahomed Ali Jinnah.
Part 1: "No man is more adroit in presenting his case"
Part 2: "A brilliant advocate, man of unimpeachable integrity"
Mohammad Ali Jinnah evokes strong responses in South Asia, and has been cast in a multitude of roles depending on which side of the political line he is viewed from - a master negotiator, a charismatic leader, a cunning politician, a secular liberal, and a conservative reactionary. Few, however, see him as a lawyer, his primary professional training that helped launch his career in public life and shaped both, his political career, and his ideological vision.
Lawyers of course, overwhelmingly dominate the galaxy of political leaders in colonial India. This was partly structural. Professional and middle classes have always played a significant role in republican movements. In British India, law, unlike medicine or engineering, was the only profession that could be practiced without being employed by the colonial government. Jinnah is unique in being amongst the handful of lawyers who became equally successful in both their fields.
Voluntary treatment: Any person suffering from a mental illness who seeks treatment voluntarily or whose relatives bring him/her for treatment or if a doctor has referred him/her for treatment and the person with mental illness consents to treatment will be examined by a psychiatrist and given appropriate treatment or recommendations. Assessment and/or treatment will be administered only after receiving informed written consent from the person with mental illness, or if it is a minor then by the guardian, or if an adult who by virtue of his mental state is not able to give consent, then by his/her spouse or nearest relative. The person giving consent may withdraw his/her consent for treatment at any time.
This week the Knesset passed a welcome law: the Boycott Law. This law makes it possible to bring to court anyone who calls for an economic, academic or cultural boycott of the State of Israel, including Judea and Samaria, and sue them for damages.
If imposing a boycott is a means of expression, the Boycott Law does indeed restrict it, but according to The Basic Law on Human Dignity and Freedom, the law in which this right is enshrined, these basic freedoms are not to be affected except by means of a law with a worthy purpose and in a proportionate way.
Last week’s Knesset vote on the Boycott Law. The law is allowable, worthy and constitutional.
"Article 10-A": For the determination of his civil rights and obligations or in any criminal charge against him a person shall be entitled to fair trial and due process".
Provisions of an Oklahoma statute making it unlawful for any person not a licensed optometrist or ophthalmologist to fit lenses to a face or to duplicate or replace into frames lenses or other optical appliances except upon written prescriptive authority of an Oklahoma licensed ophthalmologist or optometrist, are not invalid under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. To subject opticians to this regulatory system while exempting all sellers of ready-to-wear glasses does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Principle: It is clearly within the domain of the legislative branch of government to establish presumptions and rules respecting burden of proof in litigation.
The provisions in § 3 of the Iowa Workmen's Compensation Law, Laws of Iowa, 35 G.A. c. 147; Iowa Code Supp., 1913, § 2477m, requiring employees who reject the act to state by affidavit who, if anyone, requested or suggested that course, and providing that, where an employer or his agent has made such request or suggestion, the employee shall be conclusively presumed to have been unduly influenced and his rejection of the act shall be void. Held permissible regulation in aid of the general scheme of the act.
A workmen's compensation act which, prescribing the measure of compensation and the circumstances under which it is to be made, establishes a method of applying the measure to the facts of each case by due hearings before an administrative tribunal, whose action upon all fundamental and jurisdictional questions is subject to judicial review, is not open to objection upon the ground that it clothes the administrative body with an arbitrary and unbridled discretion in violation of due process of law.
Trial by jury is not one of the rights secured by the Fourteenth Amendment.
Principle: A party to a contract breaches the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing by interfering with or failing to cooperate with the plaintiff in the performance of the contract.
Overview: The District Court concluded that Bank’s eleven month delay in selling the stock was commercially unreasonable. This was affirmed by the aforesaid court. It must be noted that in this case the debtor did not even request but rather withheld consent and yet the court ordered that the Bank’s delay was unreasonable.
Facts: The facts as far as they are relevant to our case here are that the plaintiff kept shares at collateral for debt. Unlike our case, the Bank sought the plaintiff’s consent to sell shares which was withheld. Yet the court ruled that the bank’s duty to conduct commercially reasonable sale was not waivable.
34 In its reply the Commission based its claims on a series of provisions in the final version of the contract which, in its view, constituted amendments to the tender conditions and had some effect on prices. However, as was explained above (paragraphs 14 and 15), only the amendments relating to Condition 3, Clause 3, of the general conditions may be taken into consideration by the Court.
Can you change the terms of a contract awarded after a Request for Proposals (RFP) process, or should you issue a new RFP to cover the desired changes? Test yourself with this recent Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) case.
On October 18, 2006, Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC) issued an RFP for six “streams” of mobile wireless products and services. Stream 1 was “Wireless Cellular/Personal Communications Service (PCS), Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and Aircard products and associated services.” PWGSC intended to select two suppliers for Stream 1. The resulting contracts were to be valid for two years with options to extend the contracts.
Sitting for the bar exam may soon be trickier for the thousands of foreign-trained attorneys who take the test each year.
The New York Court of Appeals in April adopted stricter requirements for master of laws (LL.M.) programs, which help foreign lawyers gain eligibility to take the bar. The new rules focus primarily on the content of LL.M. programs, which many foreign attorneys use as an entry point into the domestic legal market.

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 § 3
 § 2477