Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp111-130
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 12:14:21+00:00

Document:
For about a century from the mid 13th century, Westminster abbey exploited its Hampstead demesne directly through a reeve or serviens. (fn. 5) There were from 5 to 10 famuli who were paid in grain: two ploughmen, a carter, a shepherd, a cowherd, often a harrower, a dairyman or girl, a boy to keep the woods in summer and lead the reapers in autumn, and sometimes a neatherd, a keeper of lambs, a driver, a housemaid, a swineherd, and a greyhound keeper. A miller and a smith were also employed on the demesne and carpenters and building workers were hired as needed. Other work was performed as customary labour or hired for the job. The demesne occupied the heart of Hampstead manor and parish, centred on the grange farm which was probably at Frognal. In 1312 the demesne contained 204 a. of profitable (lucrabilis) land, which has been interpreted as arable. The largest portion, 87 a., lay in Summer Leas in the south-west, while there were 61 a. in Homefield, presumably near the grange, 11 a. in Pirley field in the south-east, and smaller amounts in other named shots and crofts. (fn. 6) Other evidence suggests that Pirley was much larger (fn. 7) and the three may have originally formed a three-field system. By the later 13th century, however, recorded acreages of arable crops were much lower, suggesting a two-field system with half the arable fallow at any one time. Acreages mentioned are 24 a. of rye in 1271, 60 a. of wheat in 1272, 70 a. of oats in 1273, and 52 a. of oats in 1286. In 1347 103 a. were under crops: 66 a. of oats (31 a. in Homefield, 25 a. in Summer Leas, and 10 a. in Pirley), 33 a. of wheat (26 a. in Homefield and 7 a. in Summer Leas), and 4 a. of peas in Homefield. All the usual grains were grown but, while the amounts produced each year fluctuated, oats were by far the most important crop. In the 1270s and 1280s there was an average yield of 63 qr. of oats, compared with 15 qr. of wheat, 12½ qr. of rye, and 6 qr. of barley. From 1290 rye was usually grown with maslin. Small amounts of peas and beans, 1-2½ qr., were also grown. The yield from all crops was low, especially for wheat where sometimes the whole crop was used for seed, and frequently grain was bought or acquired from other Westminster manors. The oats were used as provender for the oxen and horses, the other grains for the famuli and boonworkers. Any surplus was sold or sent to other Westminster manors.
In 1259 the demesne stock consisted of 2 carthorses, 12 stots, 8 oxen, a bull, 18 cows, 9 other cattle, 320 sheep, 4 geese, 12 capons, and 6 chickens. (fn. 12) From 1270 to 1299 it averaged 2 carthorses, 4 stots, 7 oxen, a bull, 12 cows, and 15 other cattle, with little variation from year to year. The cows were farmed out from 1297, the farmer paying £4 1s. 1d. a year for their milk and calves. The oxen were used for ploughing, the horses and stots for carting, and profit was obtained from the sale of butter, cheese, excess animals, and the skins of dead animals. The profits from sheep, potentially much greater, were more erratic. There were 376 sheep in 1271 and the numbers increased to 511 in 1279 but by 1283 they had fallen to 131, increasing again to 231 in 1286. In that year, however, the flock was devastated by disease, (fn. 13) falling to 62 in 1287. It never really recovered and ceased to be an item in the accounts in 1297-9. In 1314 there were 220 and in 1347 124. The sheep were kept mainly for their wool, most of which was sent to Westminster, as was their cheese.
Other profits of the demesne listed in 1312 were, besides the furze and wood, (fn. 14) manure, valued at 3s., (fn. 15) an item which never appeared on the manorial accounts, and the apples and herbage from the gardens and courtyards valued at 3s. 8d. Herbage was usually included in the accounts with other pasture and the profit from apples was erratic, varying when it occurred at all from 1s. 2d. (1288) to 7s. (1292). One barrel of cider was produced in 1297. The tenants rendered 8 or 10 geese at the feast of St. Peter in Chains (1 Aug.), 42 or more chickens at Christmas, and 110 or more eggs at Easter, which were usually sent to the cellarer at Westminster or sold. From the mid 1280s geese and chickens were also kept at the grange and a henhouse was mentioned in 1289. Pigs were listed on the demesne only from 1298.
Excluding the free tenants, (fn. 43) there were 35 tenants paying rent of £2 18s., 40 hens, and 11 geese in 1259, and 44 tenants paying £3 17s. 3½d. in 1281. In 1312 there were 41 customary tenants paying £4 3s., 8 geese, 45 hens, and 113 eggs. (fn. 44) Two other holdings were in the hands of the lord: Alwinesfield, 16 a. held for 3s. 8d. rent, had been surrendered to the lord in 1295 by John Lyon because of his inability to pay the rent and services, and a house and 20 a. held for 4s. 10d. had been sold by John de Kilburn in 1296 to the lord, who sold the house in 1298. (fn. 45) Both holdings were leased during the 14th century. (fn. 46) Alwinesfield was still leased in 1459 (fn. 47) and although Kilburn's holding, then called Pagesfield after Robert Page, the lessee for most of the 14th century, was held as customary land in the early 15th century, (fn. 48) it may have later reverted to the lord and become part of the demesne by 1704. (fn. 49) There were 51 customary holdings in 1312, and although reckoning in virgates was obsolete by then (fn. 50) it was apparently still the basis of most of the existing holdings. There were two probable virgate holdings, each a house and 30 a. held for 3s. 10d. rent by Richard Blakett and Richard le Child respectively. The rents and services of those two ought to have been accounted for under Hendon, (fn. 51) and although they were not listed in the Hendon survey of 1321 they were in 1349. (fn. 52) The place names Childs Hill and Blacketts well indicate that their holdings were on the boundaries of Hampstead and Hendon. (fn. 53) By 1322 rent was no longer being received in Hampstead for either holding and Blakett's tenement was sold to Henry le Scrope, who held the manor of Hodford and Cowhouse in south Hendon. (fn. 54) It is probable, therefore, that the two customary Hampstead holdings became absorbed into that manor and that the parish boundary was later adjusted.
There was one holding of a house and 24 a. and 14 possibly derived from half virgates, each being a house and between 10-20 a.; the house had become detached from another and was held by an undertenant. There were 13 holdings of less than 10 a., each with a house, in one case with 2 houses, and 7 houses with no land. Two of the latter were undersets and one other was held together with 7½ a. from other holdings. There were nine holdings of land only, usually small amounts, some underset and some probably assarts. Rents bore little relation to the size of tenement, the highest, 6s. 8d. and 4s. 8d., being paid for holdings of 10 and 11 a. respectively. Almost all the holdings with land paid hens and eggs as rent while those with only a house paid only a few pence.
Except possibly for the demesne, there is no evidence of any open-field system in Hampstead. The holdings, customary as well as freehold, seem to have consisted of crofts, some of which can be identified. (fn. 88) Most of the holdings described in 1312 would have been too small to support subsistence if they were primarily arable. (fn. 89) Little is known of agriculture on the customary land. The goods of one tenant, confiscated in 1271, included 6½ qr. of oats, 1½ qr. of barley, an ox, 3 carthorses, 2 cows, and 4 bullocks. (fn. 90) Animals played an important part in the peasant economy, particularly since tenants had the right of common pasture on the demesne. One, probably free, tenement of 9 a. in the 13th century had the right of common for 60 sheep, 12 cattle, and 16 pigs wherever the animals of the abbey were allowed. Heriots of an ox, horses, cattle and, less usually, sheep, were paid in kind until c. 1400; they had apparently been commuted into a money payment by the 1530s. (fn. 91) Ewe lambs were bequeathed in the will of one customary tenant in 1418. (fn. 92) The rents in kind showed that numbers of geese and hens were kept. (fn. 93) Pannage was paid for between 15 and 72 pigs in the 13th century but the numbers had dropped to 9-18 by the mid 14th century. (fn. 94) Payments were no longer made by c. 1400.
Only one of the major freehold estates, Chalcots, did not change hands at the Dissolution and the Temple estate fragmented into at least two and possibly five estates. The local effect was probably slight because all the estates were then leased and most of the lessees continued under the new lay owners who were as much absentee landlords as the religious they replaced. On the two estates still owned by institutions, Chalcots by Eton and Belsize by the dean and chapter of Westminster, the lessees themselves from the 17th century became absentee landlords. Many estates were underleased and most were divided into small farms.
In 1646 the demesne was leased to 16 tenants, the largest of whom held 166 a., and the next, a baker who had died by 1664 possessed of a great personal estate, held 40 a. (fn. 106) The boundaries of the leasehold estates were fluid and in 1649 there were 17 tenants: three holding between 48a. and 56a. each, the rest much smaller parcels. (fn. 107) In 1704 the increased demesne was divided into 10 farms and three smaller estates (fn. 108) and by c. 1732 there were some 14 leases, dividing the demesne among 12 tenants. (fn. 109) There were 11 tenants in 1762, two of them substantial farmers, the rest holding less than 40 a. each, of which the largest was used by Thomas Clarke as parkland for his copyhold estate. (fn. 110) There were 16 tenants in 1777, (fn. 111) 21 in 1820, (fn. 112) and 19 in 1841, (fn. 113) but several held land as parks or gardens attached to houses at Frognal or beside the northern part of the heath.
The principal farmer in the late 18th century was Thomas Pool, in the 1770s a grocer who had stables, a warehouse, and a small piece of land in Hampstead town and the lease, since 1774, of Jack Straw's Castle. (fn. 175) In 1785 he took the lease of Hall Oak and Belsize farms (229 a.), and in 1786 of 14 a. of demesne land to the north and 81 a. of East Heath, (fn. 176) besides 50 a. of copyhold bordering Hall Oak to the west. (fn. 177) From 1789 Pool was rated for Snoxell's farm (62 a.), although it was not formally leased to him until 1798. (fn. 178) He thus had a total of c. 440 a. Although Pool (d. 1813) described himself in his will as 'farmer', he appears to have devoted his time from the 1780s to building and selling houses at Frognal and Littleworth. (fn. 179) The East Heath estate, previously leased to the bricklayer Isaiah Buckhurst, with leave to dig sand and gravel on the heath, (fn. 180) seems to have been valued as a source of bricks and was usually leased to those interested in building.
In 1867, (fn. 256) of 661 a. under crops, 637 a. were grassland. In 1874 the acreage under crops was 878 a., of which 620 a. were grassland for hay and 184 a. permanent pasture. Of 505 a. of farmland in 1890, 334 a. were permanent pasture and 141 a. hay. By 1900 there were only 115 a. left, entirely divided between grass for mowing (66 a.) and pasture (49 a.), and by 1914 there were 5 a. for mowing and 12 a. of pasture. There were 268 cattle, mostly milk cows, recorded in 1867, 409 in 1874, 183 in 1883, and 179 in 1890. No figures were given for 1900 but probably all cattle had gone by then, as cowhouses, of which there were five in 1890-1, had disappeared by 1905. (fn. 257) There were 201 sheep in 1867, 328 in 1874, 300 in 1890, 305 in 1900, and 800 in 1914, when they were probably kept on the heath. There were 156 pigs in 1867, 196 in 1874, 40 in 1883, and 23 in 1890. In 1867 there were 2 a. of clover and 2 a. of potatoes, mangolds, and vetches, probably all grown for animal feed. In 1874 there were 50 a. of clover, 9 a. of vetches, and 8 a. of roots, reduced by 1883 to 3 a., 1 a., and 3 a. respectively. There were 21 a. of clover in 1890 but all the other crops had gone.
Several 19th-century building firms were long lived, although they moved into Hampstead only as housing spread northward. (fn. 411) Charles Tavener, a bricklayer, was said to have started his business in 1846. It operated for nearly a century in St. John's Wood and may have been connected with that of Walter Tavener, in Adelaide Road by 1885. C. Tavener & Son was owned by the family for at least three generations, (fn. 412) with premises from 1920 to 1971 in Finchley Road and from 1935 a works in Iverson Road which survived in 1986. Richard Densham & Sons, claiming to date from 1850 and also starting in St. John's Wood, were by 1934 in Fortune Green Road, which they left c. 1974. William Littlewood, dating from 1864, was in England's Lane as an ironmonger by 1880 and stayed until 1979. Others included H. R. Bence & Son, dating from 1860, in Ainger Road as Gregory & Bence by 1881 and Winchester Road by 1890 and until 1965, Charles Hankin, dating from 1875, in Downshire Hill by 1880 and until 1959, and Roff & Sons, 'established over a century' in 1951, in Heath Street.
Some industry spread with working-class housing from across the St. Pancras boundary to South End Green. (fn. 469) In 1874 the owner of a carpet beating ground in Fleet Road met complaints by claiming that he had been there for 20 years. After Cressy Road had been built for access to the tram depot, (fn. 470) the steam laundry was joined in 1894 by Mansell, Hunt & Catty, makers of crackers and doileys, who in 1901 built a subway to the west side of the road, where already there were two piano manufacturers. The tram depot passed in turn to the L.C.C., to British Road Services, and to Camden L.B. as a vehicle maintenance depot; the yellow-brick tramsheds survived in 1986, behind the modern Northern District office of the G.L.C.'s department of mechanical and electrical engineering. One of the piano makers, Francis Lambert, was in Cressy Road until 1927 or later and Mansell, Hunt & Catty remained until the early 1970s, when they were replaced by Camden L.B.'s ambulance station.
Industrial premises close to Kilburn High Road (fn. 471) included, at the north-west end of Belsize Road, the Priory works of 1892, and an adjoining area, nos. 252 and 254, next to Kilburn town hall (later the Theatre Royal). (fn. 472) Priory works was occupied by the Dunlop Rubber Co. in 1913 and 1918, and later by from two to four firms, few of which stayed for long but which included makers of zip fasteners from the 1930s until the 1970s. The building stood empty in 1986. Next door a depository was used from c. 1896 until c. 1934 by R. C. Barnes & Sons, furniture removers whose main offices were on the west side of Kilburn High Road but who had more premises behind the east side in Kingsgate Road. In 1952 and 1964 the depository was used by W. & S. Williams, who had been established as auctioneers in Birchington Road since the 1930s, but by 1975 it was an audio-visual aids centre.
The largest department store in the borough was that of John Barnes & Co. in Finchley Road, where in 1870 there had been only a few shops at Swiss Cottage but where there were several near the Metropolitan Railway station by 1885. (fn. 532) The company, which started trading in 1900, was described as 'American style' in that, although named after a local trader who had been drowned in 1899, it did not expand from small beginnings but was financed by a syndicate, including directors of Jones Bros. of Holloway and Dickens & Jones of Regent Street. The intention was to profit from the spread of building around Fitzjohn's Avenue by providing a lavishly equipped store, with 37 departments and a workforce of nearly 400. (fn. 533) John Barnes, after passing to Jones Bros. in 1922 and Selfridge's in 1926, was considered primarily as serving Hampstead people in 1936, when the mayor declared that the store's rebuilding would make Finchley Road 'the Regent Street of north London'. (fn. 534) Part of the premises was leased temporarily to F. W. Woolworth & Co. The John Lewis Partnership, however, which acquired John Barnes in 1940, found the site too cramped and tried vainly to sell it in the 1960s. After local protests at plans to move to Brent Cross in Hendon in the 1970s, (fn. 535) part of the Finchley Road building housed a Waitrose supermarket within the John Lewis Partnership in 1986.
1. V.C.H. Mdx. i. 122-3, nos. 38-9. Cf. Nuthurst (probably hazel) and Whitebirch (silver birch): below, woods.
3. i.e. 900 a. or 950 a., inc. the Flitcroft est., as assessed in 1762: S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk.; cf. map of manor and est.
4. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 30v.-36.
5. Following paras, based on man. accts. 1271-1355: W.A.M. 32367-76, 32381-5, 32393-406, 32493-6. Most accts. were from Mic.-Mic. Dates are from the second year: see T. Z. Titow, Eng. Rural Soc. 1200-1350 (1969), 28.
6. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 30v.-31; Harvey, Westm. Abbey, 430; Kennedy, Man. of Hampstead, App. VIII. Kennedy consistently misreads 80 in rom. numerals as 24.
7. e.g. 180 perch of hedge was made round Pirley in 1412: W.A.M. 32531. The 4 closes called Pirley fields in 1729 totalled 38 a.: S.C.L., D 25.
8. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 30v.-31.
9. Some may have been used on the grange or sent to Westm. but if so it was never entered on the accounts.
10. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 30-31v.
11. There was c. 3,471 perch of hedging c. 1377-1412.
13. Almost all the ewes were sterile and oil was purchased for scabby sheep.
15. Aysiamenta domorum necessarium, rendered in the 1606 translation of Hendon's survey as 'easements of cowhos.': T.L.M.A.S. xii. 580.
17. Flete's Hist. Westm. Abbey, ed. J. A. Robinson (1909), 128-30; 26 monks died.
19. Ibid. 32497-531; Guildhall MS. 9171/3; f. 49v.
21. Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81; P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VII/ 400.
22. Westm. Lease bk. II, ff. 52v.; W.A.M. 33269, f. 24.
23. Westm. Lease bk. II, ff. 174 and v., 287 and v.; P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/2415, m. 17.
24. W.A.M. 32357, 32357*; Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
25. W.A.M. 32367, 32394, 32384, 32376.
26. P.R.O., E 358/20, m. 3d. The wheat and rye in Hampstead were not separately recorded.
27. B.L. Cott. MS. Nero E. vi, f. 74v.
28. Kts. Hospitallers in Eng. (Camd. Soc. [1st ser.], lxv), 95, 173.
29. B.L. Cott. MS. Claud. E. vi, ff. 235v.-6.
30. P.R.O., SC 6/Hen. VIII/2402, m. 8d.; above, other est. (Temple).
33. Ibid. 16/ST. JAS/3, m. 1.
34. Ibid. 54/163, vol. 13, p. 117.
35. V.C.H. Mdx. v. 21.
36. E.C.R. 54/163, vol. 13, p. 160.
37. Ibid. vol. 14, p. 10.
38. W.A.M. 32357, 32509, 32499; Dorset R.O., D 396/M/ 81.
43. Not named as such but identifiable in 1259 as the Templars, Kilburn priory, the brothers of Chalcot, Rog. de la Methe, and the tenants of the Hide: W.A.M. 32360; in 1281 as master of the New Temple, Kilburn priory, Chalcot, Geof. Kingswell, and Maud of Kilburn and the holding of 'Kanep' (the last two linked with the Hide): W.A.M. 32361.
44. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 32-5.
45. W.A.M. 32359, 32374, 32401, 32403.
47. Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
50. Harvey, Westm. Abbey, 206.
51. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 34.
53. T.L.M.A.S. xii. 547 sqq.; Stanford, Libr. Map of Lond. and Suburbs (1862 edn. with additions to 1865); above, growth, Childs Hill.
54. W.A.M. 32406; V.C.H. Mdx. v. 4, 18.
55. W.A.M. 32495; above, other est.
59. Ibid. 33269-79; ibid. RCO 32 (copy of ministers' acct. 1539); Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
60. W.A.M. 32362; Cal. of Wills in Ct. of Husting, Lond. 1258-1688, ed. R. R. Sharpe, ii (2), 486; Guildhall MS. 9171/5, f. 10.
61. W.A.M. 32357*; Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
62. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 32-35v. The 15 tenants included 11 with a ho. and 10-20 a., 1 with a ho. and 24 a., 3 with a ho. and 3½-7 a. The tenant owing twice the svces. had a ho. and 18 a., the tenant owing half had a ho. and 3½ a.
64. i.e. 12 reapers for 6 days, 8 for 6 days, 10 for 3 days, 7 for 1 day, 3 for ½ day: W.A.M. 32393.
71. Ibid. 33269-79; ibid. RCO 32 (copy of acct. 1539); Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
73. Ibid. 32399, 32405-6, 32497-32531; C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 35v.
75. Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
76. Ibid.; W.A.M. 33269-79; ibid. RCO 32 (1539 mins.' acct.).
77. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, ff. 33v., 35-6.
80. W.A.M. 32360-1, 32507-8, 33277, f. 21.
81. W.A.M. 32360-1, 32357, 32494, 32505, 32518.
82. W.A.M. 32360-1, 32374, 32406, 32504; Cal. Close, 1381-5, 564-5.
84. Cal. Fine R. 1445-52, 127; E.C.R. 61/RR/A/66; Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
85. W.A.M. 32357; Guildhall MS. 9171/4, f. 61; P.R.O., E 179/143/370, m. 43d.; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/I/2311A.
87. S.C.L., D 40, 137; Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3-5. M.L.R. 1819/5/625; W.A.M. 16595, 16533.
88. e.g. Kingswell: Close R. 1392-6, 136-8; cf. mans. and other est.
89. Titow, Eng. Rural Soc. 1200-1350, 78 sqq.
92. Guildhall MS. 9171/2, f. 380.
94. Tenants paid 1d. for every pig over 1 year, ½d. for younger ones: C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 36.
95. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61.
96. P.R.O., PROB 11/318 (P.C.C. 128, 1665, will of Mat. Warner).
97. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
100. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
101. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. hh-zz, ab, ac.
103. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. A-Z, a-z, aa-zz, ab, ac.
106. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61; P.R.O., C 6/49/86.
107. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 4, pp. 361-3.
110. Ibid. Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. A-Z, a-z, aa-zz, ab, ac. For Clarke, above, growth, Frognal.
112. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 21/18 (rental 1820).
113. P.R.O., IR 29/21/24, nos. 5-18, 31, 33-7, 40-6, 50-2, 130-1, 134-58, 162-3.
115. G.L.R.O., Cal. Mdx. Sess. Bks. v (1673-7), pp. 41-2.
116. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731); S.C.L., D 34; Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. g-1; H 283/St. John's par. ch., tombs in ch.
117. e.g. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8; ibid. H/I/ 1938; P.R.O., E 133/137/27.
118. Wm. Crewes held 34 a. of demesne and 12 a. from Sir Wm. Roberts: Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61.
119. S.C.L., D 25; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
120. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/I/1929; S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. no. N.
121. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/3 (lease 1842). Held by John Wright: above, other est., Belsize.
122. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/I/1929; S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. p-z, aa-gg.
124. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. 33.
127. Ch. Com. Deed 240250, 146072.
130. P.R.O., C 2/Jas. I/W 10/29.
131. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. 33.
132. S.C.L., D 136-7; W.A.M. Map 12450; W.A.M. 16501, 16517A; poor rate bk. 1779.
133. Poor rate bks. 1800-7, 1826, 1834; Ch. Com. Deed 146072; P.R.O., HO 107/1492/3; above, growth, Belsize.
135. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. 33.
136. S.C.L., D 136-7, nos. c-n.
138. W.A.M. 16501, 16508, 16517A.
139. Ibid. 16529, 16595; poor rate bks. 1779-1826; Ch. Com. Deed 146072.
140. Hist. MSS. Com. 39, 15th Rep. II, Hodgkin, p. 259.
143. P.R.O., E 317/Mdx. 56; ibid. C 3/447/132; C 10/11/ 41; C 5/436/55.
144. S.C.L., D 136-7. The bulk of the 492 a. was in Marylebone. Two other lessees held land wholly in Marylebone.
146. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk.
147. Subleased to 'Mr. Berks' (1779), Thos. Willan (1807- 26): poor rate bks. 1779, 1807, 1826.
148. Leased by Hen. Cleeve: poor rate bk. 1834.
149. P.R.O., E 318/box 38/2042.
151. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61.
152. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. p. 63; poor rate bks. 1767, 1800, 1807, 1810.
153. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. 482-93; cf. L. s P. Hen. VIII, xxi (1), p. 687; P.R.O., PROB 11/48 (P.C.C. 24 Morrison, will of Rog. Cholmeley); ibid. STAC 8/116/ 5; ibid. WARD 5/30/431; M.L.R. 1773/1/174.
154. Poor rate bks. 1786, 1800, 1826, 1834, 1840; P.R.O., IR 29/21/24, nos. 63-74, 91-7.
155. Poor rate bks. 1851, 1864; above, growth, Kilburn.
156. e.g. in 1704: G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/I/2311A; above, man. and other est.
161. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk.; the freeholds Shoot Up Hill and Chalcots were wrongly included as copyhold.
163. Ibid. 2224, 2231, 2256.
164. Ibid. H, old no. 34 (list of enfranch. 1854-60).
166. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61. Of the freehold, 60 a. of demesne wood was in hand and Sir Wm. Roberts kept a ho. and 30 a. in hand.
167. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk., naming Wm. Bovingdon as Thos. Bovenden.
169. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, pp. 359-61.
170. P.R.O., C 7/587/124; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/19.
171. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. p. 63; above, man. and other est.
172. S.C.L., D 25-6, 34, 59; ibid. H 283/St. John's par. ch., tombs in ch.; M.L.R. 1732/5/753; G.L.R.O., E/MW/ H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
173. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 26/23 (Snoxell's case 1746).
174. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8 (lease, 1757); poor rate bk. 1784-5.
175. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/I/2178; ibid. MR/FB/14-15 (freeholder lists); poor rate bk. 1779.
176. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8 (leases 1798); poor rate bks. 1784-6.
177. Poor rate bk. Dec. 1786; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8 (lease 1798, schedule of tithes).
178. Poor rate bks. 1789-98; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8 (lease 1798).
179. Above, growth, Frognal, North End, etc.
181. S.C.L., cutting in cat. advertising auction, 1813; P.R.O., PROB 11/1543 (P.C.C. 210, 1813, will of Thos. Pool).
182. Poor rate bks. 1810-19; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/9 (lease, 1819).
183. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 38/17/2, 17; Thompson, Hampstead, 114.
184. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 27/15 (sale cat. 1848); 31/2 (letter 1848); 31/4 (lease 1851); rate bks. 1848-64.
185. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/2 (lease 1834); above, other est. (Belsize).
186. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/3 (agreement to lease 1848); below, ind.
187. Ibid. 26/86 (agreements to lease 1865, 1879); 26/34 (rental 1871); Locker 24 (rental 1890-1900); Thompson, Hampstead, 305; C.H.R. x. 13-18; below, ind.
188. Hist. MSS. Com. 39, 15th Rep. II, Hodgkin, p. 259.
189. W.A.M. 167475; P.R.O., C 2/Jas. I/W 10/29.
190. S.C.L., D 58-9, 61, 64; E.C.R. 54/180.
191. E.C.R. 54/184; poor rate bk. 1842; P.R.O., IR 29/21/ 24, nos. 175-85; Thompson, Hampstead, 108, 218, 298; above, growth, Hampstead town; other est. (Duddingtons).
192. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/8 (lease 1772).
195. Ibid. H, old no. 31/8 (lease 1798, schedule of tithes); poor rate bks. 1786, 1789, 1800, 1807.
196. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/2 (lease 1834, letter from Stone 1848).
198. W.A.M. Lease bk. XVIII, ff. 32v.-34.
199. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. 33.
202. P.R.O., C 7/587/124; C 9/4/149.
203. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
205. Rocque, Map of Lond. (1741-5), sheets 11, 12.
207. P.R.O., E 126/33, East. 25 Geo. III, no. 2; E 133/137/ 27.
210. Kalm's Visit to Eng. 1748, trans. J. Lucas (1892), 47, 49.
211. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. Excludes the heath, Belsize, St. John's Wood, and Kilburn priory est.
213. Ibid. D 61; E.C.R. 54/180.
217. Foot, Agric. of Mdx. 9.
218. T. Milne, Land Use Map of Lond. (1800).
220. H. Hunter, Hist. of Lond. and Environs (1811), ii. 89.
222. Ibid. MAF 68, passim.
224. e.g. Guildhall MS. 9171/15, f. 332; ibid. 16, f. 13v.; Mdx. County Rec. i. 250; ibid. ii. 7-8; P.R.O., PROB 11/ 292 (P.C.C. 1659, f. 326, will of John Franklin); PROB 11/ 295 (P.C.C. 1659, f. 492); ibid. C 7/213/20; C 10/414/14.
225. In 1616: Mdx. Sess. Rec. iii. 220.
226. Mdx. County Rec. ii. 7-8.
227. P.R.O., PROB 11/41 (P.C.C. 63 Noodes, will of John Slannyng).
228. P.R.O., E 159/357, rot. 532.
230. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. 87, 94, 97, 118, 237, 240, 277, 331, 358.
231. Vestry mins. 18 Dec. 1805.
232. Ibid. 22 Oct. 1829; G.L.R.O., M/81/6.
235. G.L.R.O., MR/FB/1/20, 73-4; E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731); H/I/2311A.
236. Ibid. H/I/2178; S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. 355, 477-81; S.C.L., D 1 (a); M.L.R. 1766/7/446.
237. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old nos. 31/4 (lease 1865 to Thos. Cunnington); 31/6 (agreement to lease 1867 to Chas. H. Fry); 26-86 (agreement to lease 1879 to Ric. Coles).
238. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. A, z, 22, 218, 263, 368-9, 375, 402.
239. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 33/16 (est. of repairs 1783).
241. Brewer, Beauties of Eng. & Wales, X (4), 186.
243. Ch. Com. Deeds 146072-3.
244. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 27/15 (sales parts. 1841, 1843).
245. Ibid. (sales parts. 1791, 1807, 1820).
246. S.C.L., C. F. J. Lord, 'Rec. of Sanitary Experience 1827-89' (MS.).
247. Quoted in Thompson, Hampstead, 12.
248. Kalm's Visit to Eng. 49.
252. S.C.L., cutting in cat. (1813).
253. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 31/2 (sale, 1841); 31/3 (auction, 1842).
254. Ibid. 27/15 (sale cat. 1848).
255. Ibid. 26/86 (agreement, 1883); ibid. Locker 24 (rental, 1890-1900).
256. Para. based on agric. rets.: P.R.O., MAF 68/136 (1867, probably incomplete); MAF 68/364 (1874); MAF 68/535 (1877); MAF 68/877 (1883); MAF 68/1276 (1890); MAF 68/1846 (1900); MAF 68/2644 (1914).
257. L.C.C. Lond. Statistics, i. 544; xvii. 110.
258. L. Martindale, 'Demography and Land Use in 17th and 18th cent. Mdx.' (Lond. Univ. Ph. D. thesis, 1968), 62.
261. Ibid. HO 107/674/1-13; Census, 1841.
264. P.R.O., C 6/297/119; Cal. Mdx. Sess. Rec. vii (1683- 6), p. 110.
265. G.L.R.O., MR/FB/1/20, 73-4 (John Skerret).
267. D. F. McKenzie, Stationers' Co. Apprentices, 1701- 1800, 73.
269. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. box L (abs. of leases 1680-1731).
271. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. no. 403.
272. T.L.M.A.S. xxvi (1975), 299; Pigot's Lond. and Provincial Dir. (1834); Pigot's Dir. Mdx. (1840); Home Counties Dir. (1845).
273. Pigot's Lond. and Provincial Dir. (1834); P.R.O., HO 107/1492/2; Stanford, Libr. Map of Lond. and Suburbs (1862 edn. with additions to 1865), sheet 6; G.L.R.O., P81/JN1/14.
275. Pigot's Lond. and Provincial Dir. (1834).
276. Pigot's Dir. Mdx. (1840).
277. P.R.O., IR 29/21/24, no. 113; Stanford, Libr. Map of Lond. (1891 edn.).
278. Thompson, Hampstead, 259 n.
281. P.R.O., MAF 68/877; MAF 68/1276.
282. The Times, 2 Oct. 1929, 11e.
283. L. G. Bennett, Horticultural Ind. of Mdx. 38.
284. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 31v.
287. Cal. Papal Reg. x. 590-1.
288. Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
289. e.g. W.A.M. 32504, 32522, 32525.
291. Dorset R.O., D 396/M/81.
292. W.A.M. 33270, f. 21.
293. Ibid. 33271, f. 21; 33272, f. 21; 33273, f. 21; 33275, f. 21.
294. Ibid. 32075, 32099, 32188.
295. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), i. 415.
296. Hist. MSS. Com. 59, 15th Rep. II, Hodgkin, p. 260.
297. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 31v.
299. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 3, p. 359; App. 4, p. 361.
300. e.g. Upper Dell, a field in 1665: P.R.O., PROB 11/ 318 (P.C.C. 128 1665, will of Matt. Warner); S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. no. CC; e.g. Whitebirch, field in 1663: ibid. D 148.
301. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. Box L (abs. of leases 1680).
304. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.) i. 410.
308. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. D 33.
309. S.C.L., D 136-7; W.A.M. Map 12450.
310. e.g. in 1646: W.A.M. 16478.
318. Norden, Map of Mdx. (1593).
319. E.C.R. 16/ST JAS/3, mm. 1-2d.
320. Ibid. 54/163, vol. 13, p. 117; vol. 14, p. 36; vol. 15, p. 12.
321. Hist. MSS. Com. 39, 15th Rep. II, Hodgkin, p. 260.
322. P.R.O., C 54/3553, no. 33; ibid. E 317/Mdx. 56.
325. P.R.O., C 10/11/41; ibid. E 317/Mdx. 56.
326. Ibid. E 317/Mdx. 56.
327. Cal. Treas. Bks. 1672-5, 94-5.
329. Cal. Pat. 1317-21, 465.
330. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), i. 432.
331. P.R.O., E 126/33, East. 25 Geo. III, no. 2.
332. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk.
337. C.U.L., Kk. V. 29, f. 31v.
342. Hampstead Annual (1905-6), 73-88.
345. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/2; S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. nos. 400-9.
347. J. Norden, View of Lond. (1600) (Lond. Topog. Soc. no. 94); C. J. Visscher, View of Lond. (1616) (Lond. Topog. Soc. no. 4); M. Merian, View of Lond. (Lond. Topog. Soc. no. 49); J. Howgego, Printed Maps of Lond. c. 1553-1850 (1978), p. 7, no. 5; cf. Ikin, Hampstead Heath, 9.
348. Ogilby, Map of Mdx. [c. 1672].
349. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/6 (1666); H/I/2311A, 2123.
350. S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. no. 415.
351. Mdx. Sess. Rec. ii. 184; P.R.O., PROB 11/325 (P.C.C. 1667, f. 7, will of John Sell).
355. M.M. & M., Lib. B, p. 296.
356. Ibid. Lib. D, pp. 413 sqq.
357. Advert. in Spectator, 29 July 1712, quoted in Park, Hampstead, 246.
358. G.L.R.O., Cal. Mdx. Sess. Bks. xiii. 247.
359. Ibid. xxi. 51-6, 76.
360. Ibid. 94; xxii. 28.
362. Barratt, Annals, ii. 244-6.
363. The Times, 27 July 1802, 2c.
364. Quoted in Barratt, Annals, i. 299.
366. Some persons adopted 'injudicious proceedings': Park, Hampstead, 256. Cf. verse by tradesmen: G.L.R.O., M/81/7.
367. Observer, 4 Aug. 1816, quoted in N. & Q. 12th ser. ii. 170; Barratt, Annals, ii. 244-6.
368. Vestry mins. 25 Apr. 1816.
369. Newspaper cutting in S.C.L., card index.
371. G.L.R.O., M/81/7; vestry mins. 13 Aug. 1819; S.C.L., H 394.6 West End Fair (docs. about fair).
372. V. Hart, 'Popular Celebrations and customs in Hampstead, 1800-1914' (TS. thesis for Dip. in Eng. Local Hist., Portsmouth Polytechnic, 1985, in S.C.L.).
373. Ibid.; Barratt, Annals, ii. 246.
374. Hart, 'Popular Celebrations'; H. C. Bentwich, Vale of Health, 77-8; Thompson, Hampstead, 327; C.H.R. iv. 13-16; above, growth, Hampstead Heath.
380. P.R.O., E 159/357, rot. 532.
383. S.C.L., D 58, i.e. lease of part of Chalcots 'Hanging Hill field (5 a.) next the tile kiln'. For Hanging field (5½ a.), part of Chalcots in 1720, see E.C.R. 51/6; 54/163A no. 61.
384. B.L. Cott. MS. Claud. E. VI, ff. 235v.-6.
385. John Walker: Lond. Topog. Rec. xix. 101.
386. Wm. Tilcock assigned lease to Wm. Bateman, bricklayer: P.R.O., REQ 2/41/36.
387. P.R.O., PROB 11/95 (P.C.C. 18 Wallopp, will of John Evans).
388. Ibid. PROB 11/222 (P.C.C. 132 Bowyer); ibid. C 10/ 11/41.
389. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H/17; S.C.L., Man. Map and Fieldbk. no. 521.
390. Lond. Topog. Rec. xix. 104.
392. G.L.R.O., Cal. Mdx. Sess. Recs. ii. 34.
395. Barratt, Annals, iii, App. 5, p. 364.
397. S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), p. 10; ibid. (1783-1809), pp. 166, 185, 388.
398. S.C.L., H 942.14 (Newton cuttings bk., p. 31); Wade, Streets of Hampstead, 52.
399. Pigot's Lond. and Provincial Dir. (1834).
400. Vestry mins. 25 Mar., 22 Aug., 5 Sept. 1856.
401. Ibid. 19 Mar. 1858.
402. Rate bk. (1864); O.S. Map 1/2,500, Lond. VII (1870 edn.); O.S. Bk. of Ref. to Plan of St. John, Hampstead (1871), nos. 56, 282, 409.
403. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old nos. 31/3 (lease 1842); 31/6 (lease 1868); C.H.R. x. 17-18.
404. Vestry mins. 27 Mar., 17 July 1857.
405. Ibid. 11 Sept. 1857, 21 May 1858.
406. Ibid. 11 June, 2 July 1874.
407. P.O. Dir. Lond. Suburban North (1872); Bentwich, Vale of Health, 59; vestry mins. 19 Feb. 1874; P.O. Dir. Lond. (1875); P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs, North (1880, 1884). Photo c. 1880 in Farmer, Hampstead Heath, 124.
408. G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 26/86.
409. Ch. Com. files 45820, pt. 2; 62499, pt. 1; Thompson, Hampstead, 359; vestry mins. 4, 18 June, 16 July 1885.
410. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Lond. XXVII (1896 edn.).
411. Following two paras. based on P.O. Dir. Lond. (1848 and later edns.); P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs, North (1880 and later edns.); Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6). Reputed dates of firms' establishments are in Hampstead Dir. (1951-2).
412. H.H.E. 20 Aug. 1971, 24d.
413. Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1862); Pigot's Com. Dir. (1826-7).
414. e.g. vestry mins. 10 Aug. 1803, 14 Mar. 1804 et seq.
415. e.g. ibid. 21 Aug., 22 Sept. 1823, 1 Feb. 1828 et seq.
416. H.H.E. 13 June 1936, 2d.
418. H.H.E. 5 June 1880.
419. Inf. from Mr. W. C. Williams.
420. S.C.L., advert. cutting in card index; H.H.E. 9 Oct. 1920, 5e.
421. Images of Hampstead, 82.
422. H.H.E. 9 Oct. 1920, 5e; S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), p. 138 and passim.
423. S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), pp. 156, 226, 393.
424. Ibid. (1783-1809), pp. 72, 112-13, 239-42.
425. Ibid. (1809-24), pp. 37, 48-9, 101.
426. Pigot's Com. Dir. (1826-7, 1828-9).
427. Pigot's Lond. & Provincial Dir. (1834); Shaw, Hampstead Dir. & Guide (1854).
428. Hampstead Dir. & Almanack (1859, 1862).
429. H.H.E. 9 Oct. 1920, 5e; H.H.E. Dir. (1870); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1875).
431. P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs, North (1880 and later edns.).
432. Hampstead One Thousand, 127; P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs (1931, 1932).
433. S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1824-39), p. 335.
434. S.C.L., advert. cutting in card index; Images of Hampstead, illus. 328 (trade card, 1872, in S.C.L.).
435. Hampstead News, 27 Mar. 1959, 9a-e.
436. Images of Hampstead, 112; dates of brewery on King of Bohemia.
437. Hampstead One Thousand, 51; S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), p. 54.
438. Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), p. 17.
439. M. Combrune, Essay on Brewing (1758); idem, Theory and Practice of Brewing (1762).
440. S.C.L., Hampstead manor min. bk. (1742-82), pp. 122, 135, 202, 298.
441. Ibid. pp. 166, 260.
443. Ibid. pp. 352-6, 361, 414, 420-1.
444. Ibid. (1783-1809), pp. 239-42.
445. P.O. Dir. Six Home Counties (1845); vestry mins. 8 Jan., 29 Mar. 1864; Hutchings and Crowsley, Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6).
446. Above, growth, Hampstead town.
447. Macky, Journey through Eng. i (1732), 89.
448. Bentwich, Vale of Health, 26-7.
449. Ibid. 94; Barratt, Annals, ii. 268-9; diary of heath keeper (1834-40) in S.C.L.
450. Letters of Chas. Dickens, i. 5, 47.
452. The Times, 24 May 1872, 7e.
453. Potter, Random Recollections, 10.
454. Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1889-90, 1895).
455. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Lond. XXVIII (1896 edn.); Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1914-15).
456. Wade, W. Hampstead, 13, 21.
457. Shaw, Hampstead Dir. and Guide (1854).
458. Wade, W. Hampstead, 13; vestry mins. 12 Feb., 7 Oct. 1864.
459. A. E. Barnes, 'Reminiscences of W. End' (MS. and TS. in S.C.L.).
460. Ibid.; Pevsner, Lond. i. 322; Wade, W. Hampstead, 13.
461. Barnes, 'Reminiscences of W. End'; P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs, North (1880, 1888, 1894); Wade, W. Hampstead, 20-1; above, growth, West End.
462. Barnes, 'Reminiscences of W. End'.
463. Pigot's Lond. Dir. (1838); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1845 and later edns.).
464. Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1859, 1862).
465. H.H.E. Dir. (1870); Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6).
466. L.C.C. Lond. Statistics, xix. 42-3.
467. Ibid. xvii. 54, 56, 58.
468. Booth, Life and Labour, i(2), app. pp. 16-17; MudieSmith, Rel. Life, 132. Detailed employment figs., by occupation, are in Census, 1901, table 35.
469. Para. based on Wade, More Streets, 23; Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1894-5 and later edns.); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1920 and later edns.).
471. Para. based on Wade, W. Hampstead, 44; Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1896 and later edns.); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1913-14 and later edns.); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1952 and later edns.); insurance plan B13 (rev. 1925, 1970).
472. Date on building; Wade, W. Hampstead, 44; above, social.
473. Thompson, Hampstead, 407; above.
475. Para. based on Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1894-5 and later edns.); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1899 and later edns.).
476. Inf. from Mr. F. H. Napier, managing dir.
477. Inf. from Mr. W. F. Steere, dir.; above, growth, West End.
478. P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs, North (1888 and later edns.); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1938 and later edns.).
479. Inf. from Mr. A. G. Hill, Mill Glass Works.
480. Para. based on Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1918-19 and later edns.); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1934 and later edns.).
481. Inf. from Mr. D. J. Cure, Beck & Pollitzer Contracts Ltd.
482. Inf. from Mr. A. E. Lewis.
483. Inf. from Mr. K. Munn-Barron.
484. Inf. from Telecom Technology Showcase.
485. Para. based on P.O. Dir. Lond. (1964 and later edns.).
486. Inf. from Mr. A. E. Lewis.
487. Inf. from Mr. A. R. Horwell.
488. Inf. from Mr. D. J. Cure.
489. Inf. from Telecom Technology Showcase.
490. Census, 1901; Thompson, Hampstead, 50-1; above, settlement and growth.
491. Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1859).
492. Bentwich, Vale of Health, 58, 61-2, 67, 82-3; above, growth, Vale of Health.
493. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1889-90).
494. Mudie-Smith, Rel. Life, 132.
495. H.H.E. 6 June 1936, 8c.
497. Wade, More Streets, 63; S.C.L., H 728.5/Hotels; inf. from gen. manager.
498. S.C.L., H 728.5/Hotels; Wade, More Streets, 39, 55; inf. from gen. manager, Post Ho. hotel.
499. Inf. from sales manager, Holiday Inn.
500. Soame, Hampstead Wells, 27. For shops in 1762, above, growth, Hampstead town.
501. Holden's Triennial Dir. (1802-4); (1805-7). Names are listed alphabetically among those for Lond.
502. Pigot's Com. Dir. (1826-7).
503. Hampstead Year Bk. (1888), adverts.
504. Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1862); P.O. Dir. Lond. County Suburbs (1913, 1914).
505. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1918-19), advert.; P.O. Dir. Lond. (1947); Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1862); Holden's Triennial Dir. (1802-4); P.O. Dir. Six Home Counties (1845).
506. Hampstead One Thousand, 126; H.H.E. 27 July 1973, 8d.
507. 1838 according to H.H.E. Dir. (1870), advert.; 1842 according to Lane's advert. in Hampstead One Thousand, 125.
508. H.H.E. 1 Feb. 1908, 5a, 6a; Brit. Telecom, Lond. Postal Area Dir. (1983).
509. Thompson, Hampstead, 257, 265, 279.
510. H.H.E. Dir. (1870); Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6).
511. Hampstead Dir. and Almanack (1854).
513. Hampstead Social Rev. Mar. 1905; Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1900).
514. Hampstead & St. John's Wood Advertiser, 4 Mar. 1911, 7b.
515. Census, 1901, table 35.
516. H.H.E. 8 Apr. 1911, 6d; 15 Apr. 1911, 7d.
517. Official Guide to Hampstead ; H.H.E. 16 Nov. 1962, 1c.
518. Insurance plans B 12-17 (rev. 1925, 1970).
519. Wade, W. Hampstead, 36; datestone.
520. Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6); St. John's Wood, Kilburn, & Hampstead Advertiser, 4 Jan. 1900, 8b; 22 Feb. 1900, 8b.
521. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1920); Kelly's Dir. Kilburn (1931).
522. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1896); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1918-19).
523. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1930, 1932); M. Holmes, 'Work of G. A. Sexton & Sons' (TS. thesis, 1978, in S.C.L.), 26.
524. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1895); St. John's Wood, Kilburn, & Hampstead Advertiser, 4 Jan. 1900, 8b; Baines and Scarisbrook, Local Guide and Almanac (1914).
525. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1889-90).
526. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1935); P.O. Dir. Lond. (1940, 1941); Wade, Streets of Hampstead, 67.
527. Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Highgate (1889-90, 1894- 5); Kelly's Dir. Hampstead and Childs Hill (1905, 1906, 1910-11); Hampstead One Thousand, 85.
528. P.O. Dir. Lond. (1927, 1934).
529. Holmes, 'G. A. Sexton', 4-5, 91-110.
530. H.H.E. 24 Aug. 1962, 3a; Kilburn Times, 16 July 1971, 1f.
531. Holmes, 'G. A. Sexton', 6.
532. H.H.E. Dir. (1870); Hampstead and Highgate Dir. (1885-6).
533. St. John's Wood, Kilburn, & Hampstead Advertiser, 22 Mar. 1900, 5b; The Times, 7 Apr. 1899, 9a.
534. L. Morison, 'John Barnes Dept. Store and St. John's Ct.' (Open Univ. thesis, 1979, photocopy in S.C.L.), 27; H.H.E. 30 May 1936, 4d.
535. Morison, 'John Barnes', 36, 44-5; Evg. Standard, 4 Mar. 1974, 10.
536. St. John's Wood, Kilburn, & Hampstead Advertiser, 22 Mar. 1900, 5b.
537. Morison, 'John Barnes', 4, 6-7, 14, 27.
538. Wade, W. Hampstead, 57; Pevsner, Lond. ii. 198.
539. Morison, 'John Barnes', 4, 6.
541. P.O. Dir. Lond. (1951 and later edns.).
542. Morison, 'John Barnes', 44-5.
543. H.H.E. 16 Nov. 1962, 1c.
544. e.g. ibid. 28 Feb. 1964, 1b, 8f; 29 June 1973, 1a.
545. Evg. Standard, 14 Mar. 1974, 21.
546. C.H.R. xi. 25; Hampstead One Thousand, 126.

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