Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol5/pp103-126
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 22:34:54+00:00

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The ancient parish of Penkridge consisted of the four townships of Penkridge, Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton. Penkridge township, covering nearly three-quarters of the parish in 1834, was roughly coextensive with the present civil parish of Penkridge. The history of Coppenhall and Dunston will follow that of the area now contained in the civil parish; the history of Stretton is treated in the volume dealing with Cuttlestone West.
In 1834 Penkridge township was divided into the four constablewicks of Penkridge, Levedale, Pillaton, and Whiston, each responsible for the upkeep of its own roads. (fn. 4) The town of Penkridge was described at the end of the 16th century as 'at present. . . only a small village, famous for a horsefair'. (fn. 5) The constablewick of Penkridge contained 212 households in 1666, (fn. 6) and by 1834 the town was composed of several short streets and a large marketplace. (fn. 7) The widening of the main Stafford-Wolverhampton road between 1932 and 1934 (fn. 8) drastically altered the west side of the town. In the early 19th century the thoroughfare was so narrow that coachmen were said to have found the manipulation of a four-in-hand more difficult in Penkridge than at any other place between London and Liverpool. (fn. 9) On the east side of the stretch known as Clay Street 20 or 30 houses were destroyed, several of them ancient. These are now replaced by a row of modern buildings. Landmarks on the west side of High Street, including the little square known as Stone Cross and the partly timber-framed (fn. 10) George and Fox Inn, also disappeared. A map of 1754 (fn. 11) shows the base and shaft of the Cross still standing near the junction of High Street and Pinfold Lane; the pinfold itself is shown east of the Old Deanery. At this time there was no road connecting Pinfold Lane with Church Lane, and Church Lane itself was built up on both sides. A roughly triangular group of buildings stood on the present open site at Crown Bridge with a narrow lane and a small bridge to the south of them. (fn. 12) On the north side the open stream was crossed by a ford. The St. Michael's Road area, probably developed after the coming of the railway, has middle-class houses in good gardens dating from the middle and late 19th century. The area to the east of the town between the Penk and the Cannock road, still known as the Marsh, was mentioned as common grazing land in 1598 (fn. 13) and was inhabited by at least 1614. (fn. 14) The common was inclosed in 1827 under an Act of 1814. (fn. 15) The area was used by troops during the Second World War, (fn. 16) and the new housing estate there, started before the war, has since been extended. There are modern houses and bungalows along the main road both north and south of Penkridge town.
Gailey Hay formed, with Teddesley Hay, a division of the Forest of Cannock which before 1300 included the vills of Penkridge and Wolgarston, Pillaton, Otherton, Rodbaston, and Water Eaton, and also Calf Heath, (fn. 42) and it was in the parish of Penkridge by 1252. (fn. 43) By 1834 Gailey seems to have been an alternative name for the hamlet of Spread Eagle, (fn. 44) which had consisted by 1775 of a few houses around the crossroads formed by Watling Street and the Stafford–Wolverhampton road (fn. 45) and was still part of Water Eaton in 1851. (fn. 46) The road widening at Gailey crossroads in 1929 and 1937, besides absorbing parts of Gailey churchyard, involved the demolition of the Spread Eagle Inn at the north-west corner of the crossing, (fn. 47) but a new inn has replaced it. There are five post-1945 council houses in the cul-de-sac near Croft Farm.
The Stafford-Wolverhampton road runs from north to south across the parish, and Watling Street crosses the southern portion from east to west. In 1754 a road which has now largely disappeared led from Lyne Hill to Hatherton, running south of Pillaton Hall. (fn. 48) The old road from Penkridge to Pillaton Green then ran in a straight line south of the present road, cutting off the corner by Quarry Heath, and existing field boundaries follow the line of the old road at the Pillaton end. (fn. 49) The road running north of Quarry Heath towards Cannock Chase was not in existence. (fn. 50) Much of the Stafford-Wolverhampton road in the parish was widened between 1929 and 1937, and the work included the building of the dual-carriageway south of Penkridge town and the construction in 1937 of the roundabout where the road crosses Watling Street at Gailey. (fn. 51) In 1754 a cross stood at the junction of the Stafford-Wolverhampton road and the lane leading to Lower Drayton. (fn. 52) Coaches travelling between London and Manchester, Birmingham and Manchester, and Birmingham and Liverpool passed through Penkridge daily in each direction by 1818. (fn. 53) A daily horse-mail was established in 1829 to run between Walsall and Penkridge via Bloxwich and Cannock. (fn. 54) There was formerly a toll gate on the Wolverhampton road north of the turning to Rodbaston where 'Mile Houses' now stand. (fn. 55) The timber-framed house in Cannock Road east of the canal bridge is known as 'Tollgate Cottage'. An early 19th-century brick toll house stands on the road to Cannock at the eastern extremity of the parish. It is octagonal in form, the hipped slate roof terminating in an octagonal chimney.
The Grand Junction Railway was opened in 1837, with two trains daily to both Stafford and Wolverhampton stopping at Penkridge and Spread Eagle (later called Gailey) by 1838. (fn. 78) The railway viaduct, which spans the Levedale Road and the River Penk, is faced with rusticated stone and has seven segmental arches, each 30 ft. in span and 37 ft. high, springing from battered piers. It dates from 1837 and is considered a fine early work of Thomas Brassey (1805–70), the railway engineer. (fn. 79) Penkridge station lies a little to the south-west of the centre of the town. Gailey station, just south of Watling Street, was closed in 1951. (fn. 80) To the south of Penkridge station the main line is joined by a branch line which runs from the Littleton Colliery in Huntington (Cannock parish) and has sidings on the canal south of Otherton.
The townships of Penkridge, Coppenhall, Dunston, and Stretton were each supporting their own poor by 1834. (fn. 83) Before the establishment of the Penkridge Union, with its workhouse first at Brewood and then at Cannock, the parish workhouse stood on the north side of Cannock Road, formerly Husbandman Street, opposite Reynolds Cottage. (fn. 84) The building was used as cottages in the last half of the 19th century but has recently been demolished. (fn. 85) The site is occupied by modern houses.
The police station at the junction of Bellbrook and Cannock Road is a small classical building of red brick with stone windows and a moulded cornice. Part of it formerly housed the Savings Bank and may date from the bank's establishment in 1819. (fn. 91) An inscription on the frieze, dated 1858, probably refers to the building's enlargement and conversion into a police station. The brick lock-up, containing two cells, and the wooden stocks stand on the opposite side of Bellbrook. In 1954 three police houses were built south of the town on the east side of the Wolverhampton road, and there is a single house of this date at Gailey roundabout.
The Peace Memorial Hall in Pinfold Lane dates from 1926. It is a single-story brick and roughcast building with a half-timbered porch. A bowling green lies immediately to the south.
Quarry Heath to the east of Penkridge town occurs as common land in 1598, (fn. 111) but the area was inhabited by at least 1635, (fn. 112) the heath being inclosed in 1827 under the Act of 1814. (fn. 113) There were 'stonepits' at Quarry Heath, in the Wolgarston–Wood Bank area, and to the south-east of the town in 1754. (fn. 114) Lord Hatherton owned quarries at Wolgarston, Wood Bank, and Quarry Heath by 1862, (fn. 115) and the stone used in the 19th-century restoration of Lichfield Cathedral is thought to have come from Penkridge. (fn. 116) The firm of Ingram was quarrying at Wood Bank and Quarry Heath between at least 1892 and 1912, (fn. 117) while the firm of Walker was working at Quarry Heath between at least 1924 and 1940. (fn. 118) All these quarries were abandoned by 1955, those at Quarry Heath being then used by squatters as a caravan site, while those at Wood Bank were being used as a rubbish tip by the Cannock R.D.C. Yew Tree Cottages and several other mid-19th-century buildings in the area have walls of small coursed rubble, probably surplus material left when larger blocks were quarried.
West of Calf Heath Bridge and adjoining the Midland Tar Distillery (Brewood parish) is the United Lamp Black Ltd. Carbon Works, opened during the Second World War. (fn. 119) Immediately to the south is the Four Ashes Sand and Gravel Quarry.
Church Farm in Pinfold Lane and a cottage in Bellbrook are the only domestic buildings of certain medieval date in the town itself. Church Farm is T-shaped in plan, having a long two-story range parallel to the road and a tall brick wing at its east end. The former, which was faced with brickwork in the 18th century, contains in the centre a former single-story hall enclosed at both ends by tall cruck trusses. Weathering on the outer face of the west truss and a mullioned window below the collar-beam indicate that this was formerly the west end of the building. The brick outhouse with heavy roof timbers which now lies beyond it may represent a 17th-century malthouse. Within, the hall roof has smoke-blackened purlins and curved wind-braces. A rough upper floor and a chimney are insertions, probably of the 17th century. The long bay lying east of the hall has a 16th-century stone fireplace and chamfered ceiling beams. It may represent a much-altered bay of the medieval house. The brick cross-wing dates from c. 1680 and has a contemporary staircase, possibly brought from elsewhere, in its south-west angle. The house in Bellbrook probably dates from the later 15th century and retains most of its original framing. The front or north wall has close-set studding; at the back the studs are widely spaced. The gable-ends have been largely rebuilt in brick. Evidence in the roof space shows that the house had three distinct divisions: the centre was a single-story open hall and has heavily smokeblackened roof timbers, the flanking trusses having cambered tie-beams below which are large curved braces. The east bay, always of two stories, has externally a shallow 16th-century oriel window to light the solar. The west bay, also probably twostoried, had a cross-passage, blocked in the 17th century by a chimney. An earlier chimney, inserted in the hall bay, joins it in the roof space.
There are many timber-framed houses in the town dating from the 16th and early 17th centuries; in most cases the walls were refaced or rebuilt in brick from c. 1700 onwards. The Old Deanery in Pinfold Lane is exceptional in being partly of stone, possibly reused material from demolished buildings connected with the college. It consists of a stone central block of 16th- or early-17th-century date flanked by two timber cross-wings which are slightly earlier. The two-storied central block may have replaced an earlier timber-framed hall. It has a massive contemporary stone chimney with brick stacks above the roof line. An original stone doorway in the north wall has deeply splayed jambs. The doorway on the south side has a four-centred head and the stonemullioned windows are original. The loft space was designed for use as attics and has cambered collars to give headroom. The timber-framed east wing has a stone plinth and may be slightly later than the west wing, which is now enclosed by 18th-century brickwork. Church Cottages, lying north of the churchyard, formerly comprised a single timberframed house of three or more bays, possibly of early-16th-century origin. An altered open truss near the north end indicates the position of the single-story hall. A cross passage, blocked by a later chimney, is incorporated in the two-story south bay.
The White Hart Inn on the east side of High Street is a three-storied timber-framed building dating from c. 1600. The front, which has three small gables, shows a different decorative use of framing to each story. The ground floor is close-studded, the first floor has a herringbone pattern and on the top floor the gables have small square panels with quarter-round fillings. At first-floor level is a slight projection supported on small shaped brackets. A carriageway originally penetrated the central bay but this feature has now been moved to the south bay, replacing a mullioned and transomed window on small supporting brackets. (fn. 120) Similar windows, all restored, still exist on the first floor and there are restored four-light windows in the gables. The rear of the building has modern alterations and additions.
In Market Street a house known as 'Two Steps' was formerly the Blacksmith's Arms Inn. In its present form it dates from the later 16th century but contains in an altered central bay some evidence of a single-story hall. The sides of the carriageway piercing the south-east bay and the wall facing the street have exposed timbers. The adjoining cottage may originally have formed part of the building and one of its walls, exposed in the carriageway, has an original carved door-head pegged between uprights near ground level. A house on the opposite side of the street has a front elevation of mid-19th-century brick but remains timber-framed at the rear. It dates probably from c. 1600 and consists of a central block with two cross-wings. Near the centre are remains of what may have been a medieval cruck truss.
On three sides of School Square, formerly the Market Place, are timber-framed buildings probably dating from before 1600. Corner Cottage, at the junction of the square with New Road, has a small two-storied wing which probably represents the solar wing adjoining an original hall, now rebuilt. A carved stone, perhaps a fireplace lintel, has been built into a chimneypiece and is now dated 1680. The houses on the north-east and south sides of the square have been brick-faced. On the south side the building recently named the Manor House (fn. 121) has modern oriels with lead glazing. It has original timbers internally and a separate brick wing of the late 17th century.
Bowcroft Cottages in New Road is a restored timber-framed range of three bays of which the east bay is the oldest. There are indications internally that the structure was originally single-storied. In Cannock Road Reynolds Cottage is a three-bayed timber house probably dating from the late 16th century with a contemporary chimney in the central bay. The row of timber-framed cottages west of Haling Grove was originally one long house, possibly of the early 16th century, with a hall bay and a crosspassage. Facing the road is the early stout timberframing, now brick-filled. Other timber-framed houses in the town which appear to date from the 16th and early 17th centuries include three cottages in Mill Street, one at Mill End, a two-bay house in the Marsh and Old Tollgate Cottage in the Cannock road.
Wyre Hall in the Cannock road is a stone and brick house dating in part from the early 17th century. The west half of the road front is of this date, the lowest story being of stone ashlar. The present doorway occupies a window site, the earlier door jambs and lintel being visible a few feet farther west. The upper stories are of brick with stone mullioned windows and stone quoins. The east wing was altered and additions were made to the house in the 19th century. Most of the house fronts in Mill Street date from the 18th and early 19th centuries but at its junction with Bellbrook is a brick house dated 1673. Ivy House (fn. 122) in Church Lane has a symmetrical brick front with stone key-blocks to the windows and a moulded stone cornice. It is dated 1741. Rock House, standing back from New Road in a large garden, is a red-brick house with a Tuscan porch of the late 18th century probably built by a member of the Croydon family. (fn. 123) The Littleton Arms at the corner of Church Lane is a tall early19th-century building of colour-washed brick. It replaced an earlier inn of the same name. Its principal front has sash windows and a central doorway approached by a double flight of steps. Haling Grove or Haling Dene, now the offices of the Cannock R.D.C., stands on the south side of the Cannock road and dates from c. 1840. A row of cottages was demolished to clear the site. It is a mansion with an Ionic porch, a three-story central block, and two-story flanking wings.
In general many of the red-brick frontages in the town date from the mid-19th century (fn. 124) when much rebuilding was done on the Hatherton estate.
In Levedale a largely rebuilt cottage known as 'Salen' has a medieval cruck truss forming the central partition between its two bays. The upper part of a similar truss is visible internally at the east gable end. The roof has heavy purlins and inverted curved wind-braces. The west bay contains a wide fireplace having a heavily moulded 16th-century lintel which spans the room. The central partition contains early wattle and daub filling. The brickwork of the side walls probably dates from c. 1700, and there have been later additions to the house.
The Swan Inn, Whiston, is a timber-framed house of 16th-century origin, later faced with brickwork. A bay has been demolished at its west end. The central bay, which retains a wide fireplace and a moulded ceiling beam, was probably the hall with its cross-passage to the west. On one gable-end is a stone dated 1711, with initials T.H.A.; this may represent the date of the brickwork facing. At Bickford there are two timber-framed cottages partly rebuilt in brick which date from the 16th or early 17th century. The bailiff's cottage on the Whiston-Bickford road is much altered but is probably of the 16th century. There is some original framing and a large early chimney at its east end. A fireplace at the west end is dated 1697 with initials G.I.M. A barn east of the house is partly timberframed.
At Lyne Hill, a brick and stone rubble cottage with dormer windows, of 17th-century origin, is said to be the only thatched house left in the parish. The west bay is open to the roof and was probably built and always used as an outhouse.
Near the site of Hazel Mill is a much-altered timber-framed cottage which may date from the 16th century. A 17th-century stone cottage at Quarry Heath has had an upper story added in brickwork. Longford House, 200 yds. south of Longford Bridge, is a two-story brick house with stone dressings. It is dated 1706 and has alterations of 1872.
About 300 yds. south of the old road from Penkridge to Pillaton Green is a moated site (possibly that of Hussey Hall), its position marked by depressions in a ploughed field.
A cottage at Gailey on the Wolverhampton road near Marsh Farm is partly timber-framed and probably dates from the early 17th century. Pool Farm and Plough Farm are 17th-century brick houses on the north side of Watling Street. The former has a timber-framed barn at the rear and was raised one story at a later date. Plough Farm was formerly the Plough Inn. (fn. 126) Gailey Farm and Eaton House, south of Watling Street, are 18th-century brick houses, the former having a good pedimented doorcase.
Such manor-houses as still exist are described under their respective manors.
The mansion house of the resident canons appears to have survived until at least the end of the 16th century. (fn. 237) It may have been identical with an 'old house called Deanery Hall, long the seat of the Chambley family' which was demolished in 1850. (fn. 238) If so it probably formed part of a row of buildings on the north side of Church Lane, (fn. 239) all of which have now disappeared. Church Cottages, formerly a single house, may date from the early 16th century and Church Farm is in part medieval. It is possible that these buildings had some connexion with the college. The house in Pinfold Lane, now known as the Old Deanery, contains no medieval work and was probably built after the dissolution of the college. Deanery Farm, demolished in 1937, (fn. 240) was not a building of great antiquity.
The Manor House is a red-brick building standing above the road on its west side. It incorporates an early-18th-century farmhouse and has flanking wings in a later-18th-century style which were added c. 1930. It has since been converted into flats, the tenants being the Midland Tar Distillery of Four Ashes, Brewood. (fn. 292) The Manor Farm, on the east side of the road near the river, is a late-17th-or early-18th-century brick farmhouse.
The prebend of Congreve in the collegiate church of Penkridge was valued at £2 13s. 4d. in 1291. (fn. 297) In 1535 it consisted of the site of the PREBENDAL MANOR and its lands, worth 5s., assised rents of 5s. and great and small tithe averaging 46s. 8d. (fn. 298) Synodals of 3s. were due every three years to the Dean of Penkridge. (fn. 299) From 1537 the last prebendary was granting three-yearly leases of the prebend, (fn. 300) which in 1548 was held jointly by William Fyncheley, John and William Bourne, and William Mountford at a rent of £4 4s. (fn. 301) At the dissolution of Penkridge college the prebend presumably descended with the rest of the collegiate possessions, and in 1585 it passed to Edward Littleton (fn. 302) who had already been granted a 21-year lease of it in 1577 or 1578. (fn. 303) It then descended in the Littleton family with Pillaton (fn. 304) until at least 1709. (fn. 305) In 1919 the 3rd Lord Hatherton sold Congreve House and some 146 acres in Congreve, (fn. 306) an estate which may formerly have been prebendal property.
Congreve House lies some 250 yds. north-east of Congreve Manor House and has a separate farmhouse and farm buildings immediately to the south-west. It is a square red-brick house dating from c. 1800 with a frontage added late in the 19th century. A stone dated 1673 with the initials 'I.B.' has been reset in one of the chimneys.
The farmhouse known as Drayton Manor dates from the early 19th century, and the site is not ancient.
The capital messuage called the Hall House was occupied by Thomas Warde in 1654. (fn. 406) In 1754, as Levedale Hall, it was tenanted by Edward Bartlem, (fn. 407) and c. 1841, as the Old Hall, by Richard Bartlem. (fn. 408) It is no longer standing.
The house now known as Mitton Manor is a mid19th-century red-brick house with stone dressings. It has two front gables with ornamental bargeboards and a central gabled porch.
The ruined building now known as Otherton Cottages (fn. 531) has an early-16th-century origin. The present Otherton farmhouse was not in existence in 1754 (fn. 532) and probably dates from c. 1800.
The remaining buildings at Pillaton Hall, dating from the 16th century, are surrounded by a large moat, partly rectangular and partly oval, (fn. 593) which has been drained since c. 1860. (fn. 594) The existence and size of the moat are proof that an important house on the same site preceded the present one. The remains consist of a gatehouse range with the restored chapel of St. Modwena at its eastern end. This range, which is approached by a bridge over the moat, represents the north side of what was originally a square courtyard plan. Only a single free-standing chimney and fragments of walling survive from the other ranges. The rebuilding of the house by the Littletons was probably begun during the earlier 16th century: internally a newel stair and a framed partition appear to be of this date, while some of the external features are more typical of the late 16th century. The gatehouse range is of two stories, the central block rising to three stories and having four angle turrets to its upper half. The turrets have diaper ornament and below them are projecting buttresses of V section. The gatehouse arches are of stone with four-centred heads. The upper part of the block was rebuilt in 1706, (fn. 595) the stone cornice and tall windows being of this date. Most of the other windows in the range are of 16th-century design and have been restored. An isolated chimney-stack, which stands near the west end of the gatehouse block, originally formed part of the west range and evidently belonged to the kitchen. It has a very wide fireplace with baking ovens, and above the moulded lintel two relieving arches and the weathering of the former roof are visible. The remains of clustered stacks terminate the chimney. The base of what was probably the fireplace of the great hall survives on the south side of the courtyard and, near the north end of the former east range, part of another chimney projects from the external wall. In its complete form the house contained 25 hearths. (fn. 596) East of the moat is a garden wall of 16th- or early17th-century brickwork and north of the house an early-18th-century barn survives.
By 1754 Pillaton was still intact and was occupied by a Lady Littleton. (fn. 597) A visitor in 1786, however, reported that only a farmer lived there, that the chapel was ruinous and that demolition was imminent. At this period the great hall still contained stained-glass windows portraying biblical subjects, the signs of the Zodiac, and scenes representing the seasons of the year. There was also a large fireplace and much carved panelling. (fn. 598) In a kitchen window, thought formerly to have been in the chapel, was a representation of St. Modwena, flanked by smaller kneeling figures. (fn. 599) Thirteen years later three sides of the courtyard had been demolished, but eight tall chimneys were left standing. (fn. 600) Several of these had disappeared by 1841 when John Buckler made extensive drawings of the remains. (fn. 601) Between 1884 and 1888 Lord Hatherton restored the gatehouse range and largely rebuilt the chapel. (fn. 602) The latter is still used regularly for services, (fn. 603) and the house is occupied by a caretaker.
PRESTON is mentioned c. 1215. (fn. 604) Half a virgate there was held at some time before 1261 by a woman called Avice for a rent of 2s. paid to Nicholas Pinel. (fn. 605) Avice later granted the land to Richard and John, Canons of Penkridge, who were to maintain her in possession for life. (fn. 606) Richard and John subsequently granted the land to William Adleinere for 40s. (fn. 607) It appears that by 1261 tithe from the land belonged to the prebend of Penkridge. (fn. 608) By 1548 land at Preston worth 12d. and in the tenure of Thomas Preston belonged to one of the two resident canons of Penkridge, while one of the three closes of land shared among the vicars choral, the resident canons, and the sacristan of the college was Preston Close. (fn. 609) Land in Preston seems to have been in the hands of Edward Littleton by 1585 (fn. 610) and the hamlet of Preston was stated to be within Penkridge manor in 1598. (fn. 611) Edward Littleton's land here passed at his death in 1610 to his son Edward, (fn. 612) who was holding what was described as the manor or farm of Preston at his death in 1629. (fn. 613) The manor descended in the Littleton family with Pillaton (fn. 614) until at least 1837 (fn. 615) and was described in 1851 as a liberty belonging to Lord Hatherton. (fn. 616) Two farms, Preston Vale and Preston Hill, which occur in 1820 (fn. 617) and 1832, (fn. 618) were held of Lord Hatherton c. 1841 by William Brune and A. F. Lewis respectively. (fn. 619) Both were sold by the 3rd Lord Hatherton in 1919 to their respective tenants (fn. 620) and in 1955 still existed as farms, Preston Vale being occupied by Mr. L. T. J. Griffin. (fn. 621) Preston Vale is a red-brick farmhouse, the west front of which dates from the late 17th century. Among the farm buildings is a former steam-mill, now operated by electricity. Preston Hill is shown as a project on a map of 1754 (fn. 622) and the site is not ancient.
The site of the early capital messuage, represented by a mound surrounded by a large rectangular moat (fn. 671) lies over a mile south of Penkridge and about 500 yds. east of the Wolverhampton road. By 1690 the manor-house, presumably the Eginton house, was the only house in Rodbaston and was situated 500 yds. to the south-east of this, on or near the site of the present Stables Farm. (fn. 672) It seems to have had a private chapel, (fn. 673) but this and the house have now disappeared.
Rodbaston Hall lies about 500 yds. south of Stables Farm. Although a house was in existence there by at least 1841, (fn. 679) the present mansion may date from some years later. The Hall was described in 1860 as 'a neat modern mansion, seated on a pleasant eminence and commanding views of the surrounding country', and containing 'a choice selection of paintings, the productions of eminent artists'. (fn. 680) It now stands in a well-timbered garden and is a tall square brick house with a classical porch. Later additions include those of 1955 for the Farm Institute. The existing farm buildings lie mainly to the west.
Stables Farm and the adjoining cottages date from the mid-19th century and have picturesque Tudor features.
To the west of the group of buildings at Water Eaton are traces of a moat. The farmhouse and Vernon Cottage date from the earlier 18th century, but a timbered barn of four bays is probably of the 17th century.
Whiston Hall was held c. 1644 by Richard Adams and William Bayley, tenants apparently of Peter, John, and Francis Giffard. (fn. 785) In 1666 a John Dudley was answering for the tax on 5 hearths there. (fn. 786) The Hall was owned by Thomas William Giffard c. 1841 and occupied along with 259 acres by John Draycott. (fn. 787) Whiston Hall is square in plan and of three distinct periods. A timber-framed wing of two stories with a large central stack forms the north side and dates from the late 16th century. Attic rooms, divided by queen-post trusses, are part of the original structure. There is a contemporary window, now blocked, in the north wall. To the south is a late-17th-century brick range with a central doorway on the west front and some original lead-glazed windows of the mullioned and transomed type. This range has a contemporary chimney and a staircase with turned balusters. Completing the square plan to the east is a 19th-century addition.
Lands in Penkridge called 'le Heyhouse' were part of the possessions of Penkridge College at the time of the Dissolution in 1547 and had been assigned for the support of the two resident canons, being leased to Edward Harte at a rent of 2s. (fn. 788) By 1585 the messuage called the Hay House with lands in Penkridge, Levedale, and Dunston had passed to Roger Fowke of Brewood as son and heir of William Fowke and in that year was sold by him to Edward Littleton for £280. (fn. 789) Edward was holding it at his death in 1610 when it was described as the farm of 'Heyhouse juxta Longridge'. (fn. 790) It descended in the Littleton family with Pillaton (fn. 791) until its sale in 1919 to Mrs. E. Basset. (fn. 792) It was described as a house and farm in 1680 (fn. 793) and c. 1841 was in the tenure of John Critchley the younger. (fn. 794) The tall redbrick farmhouse was reconstructed early in the 19th century, but the stone plinth indicates that an earlier house of approximately the same size stood on the site. In 1956 a rectangular moat extending round three sides of the house was filled in. A small cottage about 200 yds. farther east is partly timber-framed.
This prebend was held by Roger 'the archdeacon' (probably Roger Archdeacon of Shropshire c. 1121– 80) and was in the king's hands from at least 1183 until 1189. (fn. 797) It is probably to be identified with the prebend of La More, held at some time during the 12th century by William, son of Edwin a priest of Wolverhampton, and at William's instance subsequently conferred by the Dean and Chapter of Penkridge on his son Hugh. (fn. 798) Elias de Bristol, Dean of Penkridge from 1199 to c. 1226, appointed as next prebendary Robert de Caverswall, (fn. 799) who in 1227 sued Adam son of Maud for 5½ acres and a messuage in Penkridge as appurtenant to his prebend but was found to have alienated them to Maud's mother to be held as a lay fee at a rent of 6d. (fn. 800) In 1291 the prebend of Penkridge was valued at £4, (fn. 801) and it was still so named in 1365 when Robert de Sulgrave, a pluralist, was holding it. (fn. 802) In 1535, the prebend was valued at £9 6s. 8d., having a manse with lands worth 20s., assised rents of 13s. 4d. a year, great and small tithes averaging £5 10s., Easter offerings averaging 30s. and oblations averaging 20s. (fn. 803) Synodals of 6s. 8d. were due to the Dean of Penkridge every third year. (fn. 804) The prebend was leased to Sir Edward Littleton for 21 years in 1547, (fn. 805) and in 1548 he paid the royal bailiff of the dissolved college £9 6s. 8d. rent for it. (fn. 806) The prebend then presumably descended with the rest of the collegiate property, (fn. 807) and in 1585 it was granted to Edward, grandson of Sir Edward Littleton (fn. 808) and holder of a 21-year lease of the prebend since 1577 or 1578. (fn. 809) The prebend then descended in the Littleton family with Pillaton (fn. 810) until at least 1709. (fn. 811) The estate in Penkridge sold by the 5th Lord Hatherton in 1953 (fn. 812) may have included former prebendal land.
The prebend of Longridge in Penkridge college was valued at £2 in 1291. (fn. 813) In 1535 the prebend consisted of tithe of grain worth 16s. and was the only prebend in the church of Penkridge that did not owe synodals to the dean. (fn. 814) It seems to have been leased about this time to a William Cresswell. (fn. 815) From 1540 the lease was granted by terms of three years to Edward Avery (fn. 816) who in 1548 was paying a rent of £2 4s. 3d. to the royal bailiff of the dissolved college. (fn. 817) The prebend then presumably descended with the rest of the collegiate property, (fn. 818) and in 1585 it passed to Edward Littleton (fn. 819) to whom the Crown had already granted a 21-year lease in 1577 or 1578. (fn. 820) The prebend remained in the Littleton family (fn. 821) until at least 1709, (fn. 822) and part of the estate in Longridge owned by the 1st Lord Hatherton c. 1841 (fn. 823) and sold by his grandson in 1919 (fn. 824) may have been former prebendal land.
Wolgarston (Tuhgarestone) was assessed in 1086 at one hide (fn. 825) and remained a distinct member of Penkridge manor until at least 1372. (fn. 826) It seems to have been completely merged into the manor by at least 1523 when Beatrice Hussey was holding lands and tenements, described as in Penkridge and Wolgarston, of the lord of Penkridge. (fn. 827) Her son and heir William Hussey of Coleshill (Warws.) made a settlement in 1531 of such lands and tenements in Penkridge and Wolgarston as he held of the manor of Penkridge, (fn. 828) and on his death in 1532 he held, besides Hussey's Hall, two estates in Penkridge. (fn. 829) One of these, described as in Wolgarston, consisted of a messuage, land, and a water-mill with a pond and a croft, all worth 40s. and in the tenure or occupation of Edward Littleton; the other, described as in Penkridge and Wolgarston and valued at 30s., consisted of 2 messuages, a water-mill, five cottages, and land. (fn. 830) William's heirs were his four daughters, Alice, of age and then wife of Robert Boteler, and Anna, Dorothy, and Winifred Hussey, all under age. (fn. 831) In 1544 the three younger daughters, with their respective husbands, conveyed to Edward Littleton their three portions of two messuages, five cottages, half a water-mill and land in Penkridge, Wolgarston, and elsewhere in the parish. (fn. 832) At the same time they conveyed to him the reversion of their three parts of the one messuage, with its appurtenances, which their mother Beatrice was holding for her life. (fn. 833) When Edward Littleton died in 1558 his estates included twelve messuages, six cottages, a water-mill, land, wood, and heath in Penkridge and Wolgarston, held of the manor of Penkridge and valued at £11 2s. 3d. (fn. 834) When his grandson Sir Edward died in 1610 he was holding a messuage and a water-mill in Wolgarston. (fn. 835) By c, 1841 the main farm buildings, with the land attached, were occupied by William Taylor as tenant of Lord Hatherton who owned all the land in Wolgarston. (fn. 836) The 'stock and grain farm known as Wolgarston', some 325 acres in extent, was sold to the tenant by the 5th Lord Hatherton in 1947. (fn. 837) The farmhouse is a tall square brick building, partly cement rendered, dating from the late 18th or early 19th century.
2. Ibid. (1932); Census, 1951, Staffs.
4. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
5. Camden, Britannia (1695), 530.
7. White, Dir. Staffs. (1934).
8. Ex inf. Staffs. C.C. Roads and Bridges Dept.
9. J. C. Tildesley, Penkridge, 73.
11. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), map 5, part of which is reproduced below, facing p. 104.
12. Probably the lane shown in W.S.L., Staffs. Views, viii, p. 30 (1836).
13. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 12, bdle. a, Penkridge Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 18a.
14. Penkridge Par. Reg. (Staffs. Par. Reg. Soc.), 128.
16. Mass was said at the camp during the Second World War, either by commissioned chaplains or the parish priest of Cannock as officiating chaplain: ex inf. the Very Revd. J. B. Hickson, V.F., formerly parish priest of Cannock and in 1956 at Sutton Coldfield. Warws.
19. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
29. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
31. Ibid. 1919, 219; see pp. 119–20.
37. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
38. Trans. Birmingham Arch. Soc. lxix. 51, 52.
41. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
42. S.H.C. vi (1), 166, 177. Penkridge, Wolgarston, and Otherton lay within Cannock Forest by 1166: ibid. 1923, 293–6. Calf Heath, mentioned in 994 (ibid. 1916, 108), was still within the Forest in 1311: ibid. 1911, 311.
43. Close R. 1251–3, 128.
44. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
45. Yates, Map of Staffs. (1799), based on a survey made 1769–75.
46. Lich. Dioc. Regy., Bp.'s Reg. Bk. O(A) 1847–53, pp. 374, 381.
47. There was a Spread Eagle Inn on this corner in 1849: ibid. pp. 374–5.
48. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b).
51. Ex inf. Staffs. C.C. Surveyor's Dept.; original docs. penes Staffs. County Council; Lich. Dioc. Regy., Consist. Ct. Act Bk. 1924–30, pp. 445–8; ibid. 1934–8, pp. 339–43.
52. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), map 17; see plate opposite.
53. Parsons and Bradshaw, Dir. Staffs. (1818).
55. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b), map 16.
56. See plate facing p. 87.
59. Ibid. 1934 (1), 45.
60. J. Potter, List of Bridges which the inhabitants of the County of Stafford are bound to repair (1830), 3.
61. W.S.L., D. 1790/A/6/2; S.H.C. 1950–1, 25 n. 66.
62. S.H.C. 1934 (1), 45. Orders were given for its repair in 1726 at the expense of the hundred and in 1727 at the expense of the county: S.R.O., Q/SM, Ep. 1726, T. 1727.
63. S.H.C. 1934(1), 80, 82.
65. Ibid. 88, 89. For a view of c. 1800 see plate opposite.
68. S.H.C. 1934 (1), 45, map facing p. 144; S.R.O. D. 260M/E. 353 (a), map 5.
69. Potter, List of Bridges, 3; see plate facing p. 104.
70. Potter, List of Bridges, 3.
71. S.H.C. 1934 (1), III.
73. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
74. Pitt, Staffs. 257; White, Dir. Staffs. (1834; 1851).
75. Ex inf. Mr. L. Butler, until 1955 Estate Officer of the North-Western Division of British Waterways.
78. Tildesley, Penkridge, 37, 38. There were 6 daily in each direction stopping at Penkridge by 1851: White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
79. Tildesley, Penkridge, 73; D.N.B.
80. Ex inf. Public Relations Office, London Midland Region, British Railways.
81. S.R.O., Q.S.O, ii, f. 123a.
82. S.H.C. 1931, 237, 242, 244, 245–6; C 136/10 (12); W.S.L., D. 1790/A/6/2; Glos. R.O., D. 340a/T 207/4. In 1392 a moiety of a burgage was the subject of an action in what was called the court of the vill; S.H.C. 1931, 244. In 1350 Penkridge was among the towns of England, including also Lichfield, Stafford, Newcastle, Burton, and Wolverhampton, whose mayors and bailiffs were ordered to provide men for the king's service: ibid. viii (1), 93.
83. White Dir. Staffs. (1834).
84. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a,b), map 5; a note of 1806 reads 'now a workhouse'.
86. Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1924).
89. Ibid. Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1892), states that it was erected by public subscription at a cost of £200.
90. Ex inf. the Vicar of Penkridge (1955); Staffs. Advertiser and Chronicle, 2 May 1957.
92. Ibid. 86; White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
93. Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1928). It was no longer noted in 1932: ibid. (1932).
95. Hist. MSS. Com. Rutland, IV, 556.
96. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834); Teesdale, Map of Staffs. (1832).
97. Penkridge Par. Reg. 74.
98. Tildesley, Penkridge, 18 n.
101. Hist. MSS. Com. Middleton, 495.
102. C.P. 25(2)/485, 11 Chas. I Mich.
103. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), map 3.
105. There was still much furnace clinker on the site of the mill in 1956, and Tildesley, Penkridge, 71, mentions that there was a rolling mill in this area at Bangley. For the site see p. 128.
107. S.R.O., Q/RDc 22a; Teesdale, Map of Staffs. (1832).
108. E. Wyndham Hulme, 'Statistical History of the British Iron Trade, 1717–50' (Newcomen Soc. 1928), 8 (copy in W.S.L.); Penkridge Par. Reg. 311.
109. Penkridge Par. Reg. 319; Yates, Map of Staffs. (1799), based on a survey made between 1769 and 1775; S.R.O., Q/RDc 22a; Teesdale, Map of Staffs. (1832). It was stated in 1817 that the forge had been held by an ironmaster named Barker, father of the Miss Barker of Congreve who wrote a novel called 'A Welch Story': Pitt, Staffs. 258. A Thomas Barker, junior, occurs in 1777: S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a.
110. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.), no. 2798; it was owned by the lord of Congreve.
111. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Penkridge Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 15a.
112. Penkridge Par. Reg. 57. There was a family living at 'the Quarry Pit' by 1630: ibid. 53.
114. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), maps 4, 5.
115. Ibid. E. 188, Lord Hatherton's Mines Rental, 1862.
116. Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1892).
117. Ibid. (1892; 1896; 1912).
118. Ibid. (1924; 1928; 1932; 1940).
119. Ex inf. the Clerk, Cannock Rural District Council.
120. W.S.L., Staffs. Views, viii, pp. 26 (1837), 27 (1836).
121. No evidence has been found to connect this house with any of the Penkridge manors.
122. Occupied by the vicar before 1832 (Tildesley, Penkridge, 38). In 1834 it was a boarding school: White, Dir. Staffs. (1834). Later in the 19th cent. it became the doctor's house: Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1884, and later edns. to 1940).
123. A Richard Croydon was in occupation in 1818 (Parsons and Bradshaw, Dir. Staffs. (1818) and in 1834: White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
124. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
125. Ibid.; S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b), map 3.
126. Ex inf. the owner (1955).
127. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 38, no. 8.
129. S.H.C. i. 20, 65.
130. Ibid. i. 69, 140; ibid. ii (1), 3, 137.
131. Ibid. ii (1), 141, 143, 147–8, 151; Rot. de Ob. et Fin. (Rec. Com.), 403.
132. S.H.C. ii (1), 153, 156, 157, 158, 160: Bk. of Fees, 143.
133. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 218.
134. Le Neve, Fasti (1854), i. 571.
135. S.H.C. v (1), 177.
137. Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII., ii, no. 638.
138. S.H.C. vi (1), 218–19; ibid. iv (1), 36; Pipe R. 1230 (P.R.S. n.s. iv), 58–59.
139. Bk. of Fees, 593.
140. S.H.C. iv (1), 139.
141. Cal. Pat. 1258–66, 35; S.H.C. iv (1), 139.
143. Feud. Aids, v. 2.
144. Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 714.
145. Cal. Chart. R. 1300–26, 59.
146. S.H.C. 1911, 325; C 143/102, no. 6; S.H.C. xiii. 11. Margery's husband was dead by 5 Feb. 1315: Cat. Anct. D. iii, C 2938.
147. C 143/115, no. 5.
148. S.H.C. x (1), 26.
149. Cal. Close 1327–30, 296; S.H.C. xiii. 11.
151. Cal. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 12.
152. S.H.C. xiv (1), III; Cal. Pat. 1361–4, 491–2. John de Beverley was described as the king's yeoman in 1366 (Cal. Pat. 1364–7, 256), and as the king's esquire in 1368: Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 212.
154. Cal. Pat. 1367–70, 34. In 1376 Thomas, another son of Sir Hugh le Blount, released his rights in the manor to John, Amice, and their heirs: Cal. Close, 1374–7, 367.
155. Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 212.
157. Cal. Close 1377–81, 418; C 138/21. By 1381 she was the wife of Robert Bardolf (C 145/224) and by 1402 once more a widow: Feud. Aids, v. 18.
159. Ibid. xi. 222. Robert was the son of Anne, daughter of John de Beverley and Amice: C 138/21.
160. S.H.C. xi. 225. Walter was the son of Elizabeth, daughter of John and Amice: C 138/21.
161. Cal. Pat. 1416–22, 61, 110.
164. Cal. Pat. 1422–9, 486; C 139/34.
166. S.H.C. N.S. iv. 99.
168. C 140/41; S.H.C. N.S. iv. 204–7; Cal. Close, 1485– 1500, 21; Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, ii, no. 638; V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 79.
169. W.S.L., S. MS. 249, ff. 131b–136a.
172. C 142/41, no. 18.
173. 'Act concerning the partition of lands between the heirs of Lord Broke', 27 Hen. VIII, c. 44: Stat. Realm iii. 605–7.
174. C.P. 40/1073, rot. 5d; Complete Peerage (orig. edn.), viii. 150.
175. W.S.L., S. MS. 249, f. 131b.
176. B.M. Cott. MS. Titus B ii, f. 190a; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiv, p. 157; C 1/498, no. 19. When Lord Broke's lands were partitioned, Dudley's rights in the manor and fair of Penkridge were respected: Stat. Realm iii. 605–7.
177. C 142/196, no. 45; Complete Peerage, ix. 722–6; ibid. (orig. edn.), viii. 64.
178. C 142/196, no. 45; Complete Peerage (orig. edn.), viii. 64.
179. C 142/196, no. 45.
180. B.M. Cott. MS. Titus B ii, f. 190a.
181. Ibid.; C 142/196, no. 45.
182. C 142/196, no. 45; S.H.C. 1928, 166.
183. Hist. MSS. Com. 12th Rep. App. I, 40; C 66/1361, mm. 14, 15.
184. Complete Peerage, ii. 331–2.
185. C 142/501, no. 63; Complete Peerage, ii. 333.
186. C 142/501, no. 63; Complete Peerage, ii. 332–3.
187. Complete Peerage, ii. 333; Harwood, Lichfield (1806), 20–22.
188. Complete Peerage, ii. 334–5; C.P. 43/534, rot. 314.
189. S.R.O., D 260/M/box 6, bdle. b; Complete Peerage, ii. 335.
191. Complete Peerage, vi. 394–5.
192. Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1940).
193. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
194. Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 222.
195. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 12, bdle. a.
198. Ibid. box 16, bdle. b.
199. Ibid. box 12, bdle. a; ibid. box B, bdle. a.
200. Ibid. box 12, bdle. a; ibid. box B, bdle. a.
201. S.H.C. iv (1), 120.
202. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 13a.
203. Ibid., box 16, bdle. c.
204. Ibid., box 16, bdle. a.
205. C.P. 43/587, rot. 232.
206. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box a, bdle. b.
207. S.H.C. vi (1), 218–19; ibid. iv (1), 36.
210. Ibid. vi (1), 259.
212. Cal. Pat. 1307–13, 595; S.H.C. 1950–1, 18.
213. Cal. Pat. 1307–13, 595. Feringes was followed in 1307 by Richard de Havering who was never consecrated and resigned in 1310. John de Leche was archbishop from 1311 to 1313.
215. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 99.
216. E 315/68, p. 386.
217. Cal. Pat. 1548–9, 30.
218. Complete Peerage, ix. 725–6.
219. Cal. Pat. 1557–8, 215–16.
221. C 142/124, no. 178.
222. C 142/172, no. 119.
223. C 66/1198, m. 18.
224. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 7, bdle. i.
226. S.R.O., D 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. of the manor of Penkridge 1598–1654, f. 14a; C 142/320, no. 71; Cal. Cttee. for Compounding, 2082; C.P. 43/286, rot. 169; C.P. 43/506, rot. 98; S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 4, bdle. d; S.R.O., Gamekprs.' Deps.; see p. 119.
228. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 25.
229. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
230. W.S.L., D. 1798, box 20.
231. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 4, bdle. d.
232. Ibid. box 16, bdle. a, ff. 10a–11a.
233. Ibid. box 17, bdle. c.
234. Ibid. box 4, bdle. d.
235. Ibid. box 12, bdle. i; ibid. box 4, bdle. d; ibid. box 17, bdle. e; ibid. box 16, bdle. b; W.S.L., D. 1798, bdle. 20.
236. S.R.O., D 260/M/box 16, bdle. b, Ct. Bk. of the manor of Penkridge 1598–1654, ff. 10a–11a.
237. E 315/68, p. 386.
238. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851) 466–7.
239. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b), map 5 (1754), giving 'House, Barn, and Garden, late Chamleys'.
240. Ex inf. Staffs. C.C. Estate Agent.
241. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 57, no. 273. With 2 other thegns, Chenvin of Codsall and Udi of Saredon, he contributed to a rent of 12s. payable to the Sheriff: ibid.; Eyton, Domesday Studies, Staffs. 73.
242. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114.
243. S.H.C. 1937, 187–9; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xxi (1), pp. 76–77; C 142/110, no. 143; C 142/127, no. 45; C 142/500, no. 41.
244. S.H.C. iv (1), 123, 128.
247. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114.
248. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 16a.
249. S.H.C. xi. 47, 50.
250. C 142/110, no. 143.
251. C 142/127, no. 45; C 142/337, no. 113; C 142/500, no. 41; C.P. 43/812, rot. 417; C.P. 43/962, rot. 386; Whiston and Bickford: record of Ct. Baron and Ct. of Survey, 1725, among Giffard Papers at Chillington, Brewood; see p. 82.
252. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834, 1851).
253. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 38, no. 8.
254. Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 218; S.H.C. iv (1), 50, 232– 3; Close R. 1234–7, 377; Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 222.
255. Penkridge Inclosure Act, 54 Geo. III, c. 50 (priv. act).
256. S.H.C. iv (1), 48.
257. Ibid. 232–3; Close R. 1234–7, 377.
258. S.H.C. vi (1), 50.
259. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 80a.
260. Ibid.; W.S.L., S. MS. 201 (1), p. 434.
261. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 80a.
262. W.S.L., S. MS. 201 (1), p. 434; W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, ff. 80a–81a; S.H.C. 1911, 82–83, 88–89.
263. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 81a.
265. W.S.L., S. MS. 47 (8), Congreve Papers (Pedigrees).
266. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, ff. 78a–79a. In 1380–1 Geoffrey's wife was a Katherine: S.H.C. xvii. 192.
267. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 79a.
270. W.S.L., S. MS 47 (8).
271. Ibid. Ralph had succeeded his father in Stretton by 1521: E 36/150.
272. W.S.L., S. MS. 47 (8); S.H.C. v (2), 92; W.S.L. 3/49, Will of Hugh Pinson.
274. W.S.L., S. MS. 47 (8); S.H.C. v (2), 93; ibid. xvii (1), 8.
275. W.S.L., S. D. Pearson 1601.
276. W.S.L., S. D. Thorpe 397.
277. S.H.C. n.s. vii. 214; C 2/Jas. I, C. 22, no. 88.
278. W.S.L., S. D. Thorpe 397.
279. W.S.L. 3/49; W.S.L., S. D. Pearson 1601.
280. W.S.L., S. MS. 47 (8); C 142/456, no. 72. William Congreve the dramatist (1670–1729) was the son of Richard's second son, William: S.H.C. v (2), 94; D.N.B.
282. Burke, Peerage (1931), 601.
284. C.P. 25(2)/1063, 11 Geo. I Trin.; Burke, Peerage (1931), 601.
285. Stretton Parish Register, from transcript in W.S.L.
286. Burke, Peerage (1931), 601.
287. Ibid.; C.P. 43/860, rot. 347.
288. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
289. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851); Burke, Peerage (1931), 601.
290. Burke, Peerage (1931), 601.
291. Ibid. 601–2; local inf. Major Congreve has not accepted succession to the baronetcy (1956).
292. Ex inf. present tenant (1956).
294. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 12a.
297. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 242.
298. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 106.
300. S.H.C. 1950–1, 36 n. 98.
302. S.H.C. xv. 167; see p. 111.
303. C 66/1173, m. 24.
304. C.P. 25(2)/184, 1 Chas. I Hil.; C 142/456, no. 76; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trins; C.P. 25(2)/725, 28 Chas. II Mich.; see p. 119.
305. C.P. 43/506, rot. 98.
306. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
307. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 38, no. 8.
308. S.H.C. ii (1), 263, 265; Complete Peerage, xii (1), 170.
309. S.H.C. iii (1), 151–2.
310. Bk. of Fees, 543; Complete Peerage, xii (1), 171; C 139/180.
311. S.H.C. viii (1), 160–1.
313. S.H.C. ii (1), 263, 265.
314. Ibid. viii (1), 161.
317. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 253.
318. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 110.
319. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiv (2), p. 156.
320. C 142/69, no. 119.
321. C 142/216, no. 21; S.H.C. v (2), 135.
322. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 12, bdles. c, d; ibid. box 16, bdle. a, Penkridge Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 10a; W.S.L., Hand Morgan Coll., Aston Papers.
323. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 12, bdle. d.
325. Complete Peerage, vi. 394–5.
326. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
327. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office.
328. S.H.C. 1916, 14, 117.
329. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 214.
330. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 214.
331. S.H.C. ii (1), 244–5.
332. Rot. Chart (Rec. Com.), 80.
334. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 115, where Hugh de 'Boygis', the royal forester who lost his office, should read Hugh de Loges: S.H.C. iv (1), 179–80; Close R. 1242–7, 511; Bk. of Fees, 1394.
335. Cal. Pat. 1549–51, 364–5.
337. Complete Peerage, ix. 726.
338. C 142/353, no. 91; S.H.C. xiii. 274.
339. Cal. Pat. 1557–8, 254; ibid. 1560–3, 291–2.
340. C 142/299, no. 127.
345. C 142/284, no. 21; C 142/409, nos. 48, 49.
346. S.H.C. n.s. iii. 36.
347. C 142/353, no. 91.
349. C 142/497, no. 158.
350. C 142/320, no. 71.
351. C 142/338, no. 88.
352. C 142/373, no. 24.
353. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 9, bdle. g.
354. S.H.C. n.s. v. 200.
355. C.P. 25(2)/725, 26 Chas. II Trin.
356. C.P. 25(2)/873, 5 Wm. and Mary Hil.
357. C.P. 43/720, rot. 199.
358. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 9, bdle. g; C.P. 43/767, rot. 272–84; M.P.L. 66; S.H.C. n.s. v. 174, 200.
359. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 9, bdle. g.
361. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 29 Geo. III Mich.
362. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 31 Geo. III East.
363. C.P. 43/947, rot. 156.
364. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
366. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office.
368. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 221.
370. Bk. of Fees, 543.
371. C 139/180. This was the amount paid to Lord Stafford by tenants in Levedale by 1698: E 178/6821.
372. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 8, bdle. d.
373. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 221.
375. Ibid. iv (1), 204; Feud. Aids, v. 1; V.C.H. Warws. v. 155; Close R. 1247–51, 271–2.
376. Feud. Aids, v. 16; V.C.H. Warws. v. 155.
377. C 142/124, no. 178.
378. C 142/320, no. 71.
379. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 221.
380. S.H.C. i. 163, 165.
381. Ibid. v (1), 13; the other sisters were Denise, who married Stephen de Wiverston (Worston), and Parnell, who married Robert de Sogunhul (Sugnall).
382. Ibid. iii (1), 51–52.
384. Bk. of Fees, 967, 974.
385. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114.
386. S.H.C. iv (1), 204.
387. Feud. Aids, v. 1.
388. S.H.C. vii (1), 18; ibid. vi (1), 217. The fishing was presumably in the tributary of the Church Eaton Brook separating Levedale from Down House in Bradley.
389. Cal. Chan. R. Var. 1277–1326, 96.
394. S.H.C. 1931, 223; C 54/406, no. 29; Complete Peerage, x. 244; Hunts. Visitation, Camden Soc. o.s. xliii. 126. Yet in 1533 'Lord Vere' was said to owe suit at the barony manor of Forebridge for one half of the manor and Leonard Harcourt for the other half: W.S.L. Stafford Barony, Mins. Accts. 24–25 Hen. VIII, m. 5d.
395. S.H.C. xi. 285; C.P. 40/1115, m. 9d; Hunts. Visitation, 126 (where John Wingfield is given as the second son).
396. C 142/124, no. 178.
397. C.P. 40/1152, rot. 613d; C 142/124, no. 178.
399. Ibid. 211; S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 8, bdle. d; Hunts. Visitation, 127; S.H.C. 1931, 224.
400. C.P. 25(2)/260, 15 Eliz. I East.
401. C 142/172, no. 119.
402. C 142/320, no. 71.
403. C 142/456, no. 26; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 43/506, rot. 98; S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 8, bdle. d; C.P. 43/719, rot. 232; see p. 119.
404. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
405. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office.
406. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 3, bdle. e, a deed of 1653/4.
407. Ibid. E. 353 (a, b), map. 9.
408. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
409. W.S.L., D. 1721/1/8, p. 57; E 178/6821; W.S.L. 119/40. In 1534 or 1535 the rent of 14d. was called frith fee: W.S.L., Stafford Barony Rental 26 Hen. VIII, f. 12a.
410. S.H.C. iv (1), 254–5.
411. S.H.C. vi (1), 79.
412. Ibid. ix (1), 16.
413. Ibid. xi (1), 216.
415. C 142/124, no. 178; C 142/172, no. 119.
416. C 138/45; S.H.C. 1931, 223; C 54/406, no. 29; Complete Peerage, x. 244; Hunts. Visitation (Camden Soc. o.s. xliii), 126.
417. S.H.C. xi. 285; C.P. 40/1115, m. 9d; C 142/124, no. 178; C.P. 40/1152, rot. 613; S.H.C. xvii. 210–11; C.P. 25(2)/260, 15 Eliz. I. East.; C 142/172, no. 119; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 43/676, rot. 321; see p. 115. It was described in 1610 as the manor or farm of Longridge held of the rectory or prebend of Longridge: C 142/320, no. 71. A messuage described as Long Bridge Farm, in the tenure of William Smart, was said to be parcel of the Deanery Manor in 1654: S.R.O., D 260/M/box 3, bdle. e, deed dated Mar. 1653/4.
418. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
419. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
420. Close R. 1234–7, 525.
421. S.H.C. iv (1), 240–1.
422. C 1/1507, no. 46.
424. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 17a.
425. C. 142/456, no. 76.
426. C.P. 25(2)/486, 18 Chas. I Mich.
427. C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.
428. Close R. 1234–7, 525.
429. S.H.C. v (1), 150.
430. Ibid. ix (1), 16.
432. C 1/1307, nos. 62–64; C 1/1507, no. 46.
433. S.H.C. 1929, 61, 327; ibid. 1935, 468.
434. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 2a.
435. S.H.C. n.s. vi (1), 43.
436. Penkridge Par. Reg. (Staffs. Par. Reg. Soc.), 254.
437. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box A [i], bdle. x.
440. Penkridge Par. Reg. 294.
441. S.H.C. 1932, 203; ibid. 1935, 59, 468. A John Fletcher, late of 'Lynehille', occurs in 1475: ibid. N.S. vi (1), 93.
442. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 2a.
443. C 142/284, no. 21.
444. D. 260/M/box 7, bdle. I, Inquisition into Penkridge Charities, Jan. 1661/2.
446. Penkridge Par. Reg. 268.
448. Penkridge Par. Reg. 270.
449. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834; 1851).
450. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 49, no. 161.
452. Close R. 1247–51, 271–2.
453. Bk. of Fees, 543, 966; C 136/47; C 139/180; E 36/150, f. 59a; W.S.L. 119/40.
454. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
456. Ibid. xii (1), 245–6.
457. Close R. 1247–51, 271–2.
458. S.H.C. iv (1), 119; ibid. xii (1), 246–9.
459. Close R. 1247–51, 271–2.
460. Uncalendared entry on Pat. R. 41 Hen. III (C 66/71), m. 13d, from W.S.L., S. MS. 332 (1), p. 230.
461. S.H.C. vi (1), 136.
463. Ibid. 202; ibid. 1911, 46–47.
464. Ibid. vii (1), 41.
466. Ibid. ix (1), 4, 5.
467. Feud. Aids, v. 16.
468. Cal. Chart. R. 1300–26, 367.
469. S.H.C. xii (1), 299, 300; C 130/91; C 130/260; S.H.C. xii (1), 305–6, 308–9, 310–11; ibid. n.s. iii. 177–8; ibid. xii (1), 323–4; Cal. Close, 1447–54, 513; S.H.C. xii, (1) 332, 335; C 142/106, no. 67: C.P. 25(2)/724, 22 Chas. II Mich.; V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 82–83.
470. C.P. 43/678, rot. 370; C.P. 43/869, rot. 441; C.P. 43/981, rot. 386; see p. 155.
471. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
473. C 1/340, no. 19; C 1/521, no. 37.
474. S.H.C. xii (1), 217.
476. D.L. 30/108/1606; W.S.L., Forebridge Manor Ct. R. 1499–1503, mm. 2, 6; S.R.O., Q/RDc 15.
477. W.S.L., D. 1721/1/8, p. 151.
478. E 178/6821, m. 6.
483. Ibid. vii (1), 5–6.
484. Cal. Pat. 1292–1301, 336; Cal. Close 1296–1302, 152; S.H.C. vi (1), 246.
485. Cal. Inq. Misc. i, no. 167; Cal. Close 1288–96, 354–5.
486. Cal. Pat. 1307–13, 545.
487. S.H.C. xiv (1), 62.
489. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, ff. 2a, 17a.
491. C.P. 43/676, rot. 321.
492. Greenwood, Map of Staffs. (1820).
493. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
495. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353(a), map 3.
496. Ex inf. Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office.
497. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 215.
498. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 215.
500. Bk. of Fees, 543, 967, 974; Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114; Feud. Aids, v. 1.
501. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 215. Robert de Cludewan of Lyne Hill was holding land at Otherton in 1251: S.H.C. iv (1), 244–5.
504. Close R. 1234–7, 525.
505. Feud. Aids, v. 1; Cal. Pat. 1266–72, 101.
506. S.H.C. v (1), 177; Cal. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 137.
508. C 137/47; C 139/137; C 142/50, no. 67; C 142/124, no. 178; C 142/172, no. 119; C 142/320, no. 71.
509. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114; the lords of Otherton were given as Robert Cocus and Elias de Otherton. Adam seems to have been Elias's son: S.H.C. vi (1), 55.
510. S.H.C. v (1), 150, 152.
512. Ibid. ix (1), 3, 6.
514. Ibid. xi. 84; ibid. 1928, 144.
516. Ibid. xiii. 125. 'Avice' was evidently 'Amice', sister of John de Otherton: ibid. 1928, 144–5.
520. C 139/137; C 142/320, no. 71; C 142/456, no. 76; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 43/520, rot. 72; see p. 119.
521. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.); White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
522. C 142/50, no. 67.
523. C 142/124, no. 178.
524. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box A [i], bdle. f. court baron, court of recognition, and court of survey of Sir Edward Littleton, Oct. 1657.
528. Penkridge Par. Reg. 271.
532. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), map 3.
533. S.H.C. n.s. vi (1), 153.
535. S.H.C. 1916, 14, 117.
536. V.C.H. Staffs, iv. 44, no. 97.
538. S.H.C. v (1), 22.
542. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 115.
543. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 147.
544. S.H.C. 1937, 187–9; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xxi (1), pp. 76–77.
545. C 142/320, no. 71; W.S.L., Paget Papers (Gardner Coll.), 35 (1, 9); Complete Peerage, x, 'Paget'.
546. S.H.C. v (1), 22.
552. Ibid. v (1), 40.
554. Ibid.; ibid. vi (1), 101 ibid. 1928, 164; Cal. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 217.
555. S.H.C. ii (1), 127.
556. Rot. de Ob. et Fin. (Rec. Com.), 543–4.
557. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 115.
559. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Rec. Com.), i, p. 26; Ex. e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), ii. 409.
560. Ex. e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), ii. 409; S.H.C. vi (1), 279, 280.
561. S.H.C. 1911, 48–49; ibid. 1938, 243.
562. Cal. Inq. p.m. iv, no. 71; S.H.C. 1911, 271–2.
563. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 84a.
564. S.H.C. vii (1), 115, 118, 139.
567. Cal. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 468.
570. Cal. Fine R. 1377–83, 331. William was born and baptized at Penkridge in 1348: Cal. Inq. p.m. xiii, no. 63.
574. Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, ii, no. 537.
576. C 142/50, no. 67.
578. C 142/124, no. 178.
579. Ibid.; C 142/172, no. 119.
580. C 142/320, no. 71.
581. Burke, Peerage (1931), 1198; C 142/456, no. 76.
583. Cal. Cttee. for Compounding, 2081–2.
585. C 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.
586. Burke, Peerage (1931), 1197–8; C.P. 25(2)/725, 28 Chas. II Mich.; C.P. 43/674, rot. 321; White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
587. Burke, Peerage (1931), 1197–8; Pitt, Staffs. 256–7. His widow was living at Pillaton Hall in 1754: S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b), map 3.
588. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 5, bdle. a, Pillaton Ct. R. 1745, 1749. He was 84 when he died in May 1812: Tildesley, Penkridge, 46. For a portrait of 1756 see plate facing p. 132.
589. Complete Peerage, vi. 394.
590. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
591. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office.
592. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 5, bdle. a, Pillaton Ct. R.
593. V.C.H. Staffs. i. 365.
595. Dated rainwater heads with initials e.l. and s.L.
597. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a, b), map 3.
598. Gent. Mag. lix (2) (1789), 1078–9.
600. W.S.L., Staffs. Views, viii, p. 39 (1799); see plate facing p. 105.
601. W.S.L., Staffs. Views, viii, pp. 37, 38, 40–47.
602. Tablet in chapel, &c.
604. Hist. MSS. Com. Middleton, 57.
609. Ibid. 41–42, the other 2 being Cadsey and Longridge closes.
611. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a, Ct. Bk. 1598–1654, f. 17a.
612. C 142/320, no. 71.
613. C 142/456, no. 76.
614. C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 43/506, rot. 98; S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 17, bdle. c; White, Dir. Staffs. (1834); see p. 119.
615. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 28, bdle. a.
616. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
617. Greenwood, Map of Staffs. (1820).
618. Teesdale, Map of Staffs. (1832).
619. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
620. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office. The area of Preston Hill was then 387 a. and that of Preston Vale 285 a.
621. Ex inf. Miss Griffin (1955).
622. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), map 8.
623. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 56, no. 262.
625. S.H.C. ii (1), 45, 51. It was not, however, alienated like Great Wyrley to Radmore Abbey.
626. Ibid. Hugh's 'castrum' at Rodbaston was mentioned in 1215: Rot. Litt. Pat. (Rec. Com.), 144.
627. Bk. of Fees, 7.
628. S.H.C. iii (1), 45.
629. Bk. of Fees, 594; S.H.C. 1911, 127–8; Cal. Close 1264–8, 128; S.H.C. iv (1), 179; Cal. Close 1268–72, 432; S.H.C. vi (1), 57; Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 115; S.H.C. vi (1), 169, 195; see p. 79.
630. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 115.
631. S.H.C. vi (1), 195, 200, 205–7.
632. Cal. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 593; S.H.C. 1911, 262.
633. S.H.C. 1911, 96–97, 345–6; ibid. ix (1), 85, 128; ibid. N.S. ii. 36.
634. Cal. Inq. p.m. viii, no. 105.
635. Ibid. x, no. 102.
636. S.H.C. xii (1), 28.
639. Cal. Pat. 1370–4, 183; S.H.C. xi. 183.
640. Cal. Close 1377–81, 418; S.H.C. 1931, 248–9; ibid. xi. 222, 225–6; C 138/21; C 139/12; C 139/34; C 140/3; see p. 109.
641. S.H.C. xii (1). 182.
642. W.S.L., S. MS. 249, ff. 125b–126a, 136b.
643. C 142/41, no. 18.
644. V.C.H. Warws. iii. 16; Burke, Peerage (1931), 2420.
645. 'Act concerning the partition of lands between the heirs of Lord Brooke', 27 Hen. VIII, c. 44: Stat. Realm, iii. 605–7.
646. C.P. 40/1117, m. 5d.
647. W.S.L., S. MS. 249, f. 131b.
648. C 142/143, no. 2; Complete Peerage (orig. edn.), viii. 151, where the date of Elizabeth's death is wrongly given as 1560.
649. Complete Peerage, ii. 332.
650. Wards 7/49, no. 213; Complete Peerage (orig. edn.), viii. 151.
651. C 142/514, no. 55.
652. Complete Peerage (orig. edn.), viii. 151–3; E 134, East. 26 Chas. II, no. 5; W.S.L., D. 1553/28, 36, 48–50, 55 (e), 57.
653. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
654. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
655. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
657. B.M. Eg. MS. 3008, f. 46a, Rodbaston Ct. R. 1556.
660. C 142/347, no. 21.
661. C 142/373, no. 24.
665. E 134, East. 26 Chas. II, no. 5.
669. Penkridge Par. Reg. (Staffs. Par. Reg. Soc.), 312, 313. He was there described as 'an ingenious magistrate, a good neighbour, and a generous worthy gentleman'.
670. C.P. 25(2)/1411, 8 Geo. III Trin. A Jeremiah, son of Mr. John Egginton, was baptized at Penkridge 29 May 1697: Penkridge Par. Reg. 217.
671. V.C.H. Staffs. i. 365; Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.), where it is called the Roundabout.
672. S.R.O., D. 260/M/E. 353 (a), maps 16 (1690), 3 (1754).
673. There is mention of a chapel wall and chapel yard c. 1673: W.S.L., D. 1553/102 (E. 10). Chapel yard occurs as a field name in Rodbaston c. 1841; Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
674. White, Dir. Staffs. (1851).
676. W.S.L., Sale Catalogue, E/2/7.
677. Ibid.; P. O. Dir. Staffs. (1872); Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1912; 1916); Lich. Dioc. Regy., Consist. Ct. Act Bk. 1914–20, p. 34, faculty, 5 Mar. 1915.
678. Staffs. Advertiser, 15 Oct. 1921; Kelly's Dir. Staffs. (1940); ex inf. Staffs. C.C. Estate Agent.
679. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
680. P.O. Dir. Staffs. (1860).
681. B.M. Eg. MS. 3008, ff. 48a–50a; B.M. Eg. R. 2102.
682. B.M. Eg. MS. 3008, f. 46a.
683. B.M. Eg. MS. 3005, ff. 48a, 52a.
684. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 213.
685. S.H.C. i. 170, 171; C 136/47; C 137/20; C 139/180.
686. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 53, no. 213.
687. S.H.C. i. 170, 171.
688. Bk. of Fees, 967.
689. Cal. Inq. p.m. i, no. 557; S.H.C. 1911, 135–6.
690. Feud. Aids, v. 2.
691. Cal. Inq. p.m. viii, no. 507.
692. Feud. Aids, v. 22.
693. C 139/153; C 60/525, rot. 39.
694. C.P. 25(2)/597, 1659 Hil.; C.P. 25(2)/1063, 11 Geo. I Trin.
695. S.H.C. i. 170, 171.
696. Ibid. iii (1), 204–5.
697. Close R. 1227–31, 18; V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 80.
698. Bk. of Fees, 967.
699. Cal. Inq. p.m. i, no. 557; S.H.C. 1911, 135–6.
700. Cal. Inq. p.m. i, no. 557; S.H.C. 1911, 135–6; Cal. Geneal. i. 364; Feud. Aids, v. 2; S.H.C. v (1), 173, 177; V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 80.
702. Cal. Inq. Misc. i, no. 2416; S.H.C. iv (2), 106.
703. Cal. Inq. p.m. v, no. 222; S.H.C. 1911, 302.
704. Cal. Inq. p.m. v, no. 222.
705. S.H.C. iv (2), 106.
706. Feud. Aids, v. 16.
707. Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, no. 168; S.H.C. 1911, 341–2.
708. Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, no. 168.
709. Ibid. viii, no. 507.
711. Ibid. x, no. 633.
712. S.H.C. xi. 207–8; Cal. Close 1399–1402; C 137/31.
713. Cal. Close, 1360–4, 68; S.H.C. xi. 190; ibid. xiv (1), 139–40; ibid. xiii. 149, 171–2; ibid. xi. 205–6, 207–8; C 138/32; C 138/39; C 139/153; Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, iii, no. 76; V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 81.
714. S.H.C. xii (1), 185–6.
715. Ibid. n.s. ix. 19–20.
718. C 142/310, no. 55; S.H.C. xvi. 175.
719. S.H.C. xviii (1), 38.
720. C.P. 25(2)/725, 26 Chas. II Trin.
721. Ibid.; C.P. 43/366, rot. 41; S.H.C. n.s. v. 174, 200.
723. C.P. 34/193 (pt. 2), p. 140.
724. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 21 Geo. III Mich.
725. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 22 Geo. III Trin.
728. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 28 Geo. III Hil.
729. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 29 Geo. III Mich.
730. C.P. 25(2)/1413, 31 Geo. III Mich.
733. C.P. 43/947, rot. 156.
734. C.P. 25(2)/1519, 1 and 2 Geo. IV Hil.
735. White, Dir. Staffs. (1834).
736. W.S.L., D. 1813, bdles. 45, 46.
737. S.H.C. n.s. ix. 19–20.
738. Ibid.; C 142/124, no. 178.
739. S.H.C. 1916, 4, 117.
740. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 44, no. 96.
741. S.H.C. v (1), 28.
742. V.C.H., Staffs. iv. 44, no. 96.
743. S.H.C. v (1), 11–12.
744. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114; Feud. Aids, v. 1; S.H.C. xiv. 140–1.
745. S.H.C. 1937, 187–9; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xxi (1), 76–77.
746. C 142/110, no. 143; C 142/127, no. 45; C 142/500, no. 41; Complete Peerage, x. 276–84; W.S.L., Paget Papers (Gardner Coll.), 35 (1, 9).
747. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 44, no. 96.
748. S.H.C. v (1), 22.
750. Ibid. iv (1), 123, 128.
752. Rot. Hund. (Rec. Com.), ii. 114. The Christian name Robert seems to have been used in four successive generations of the Whiston family: S.H.C. 1928, 160.
753. Feud. Aids, v. 1.
755. Ibid. vi (1), 238.
756. Ibid. v (1), 178.
758. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 10a.
759. Feud. Aids, v. 17.
760. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 8a.
764. Ibid. n.s. ii. 53.
766. W.S.L., S. MS. 350A/40, f. 8a.
770. Ibid. 1937, 141; ibid. xiii. 79, 148; ibid. xiv. 140–1.
773. Ibid. n.s. v. 105.
775. Ibid. 148, 155, 157.
776. Ibid. n.s. ii. 95; C 138/41.
777. S.H.C. n.s. v. 105–9.
779. C 142/110, no. 143; C 142/127, no. 45; C 142/337, no. 113; C 142/500, no. 41; W.S.L. 159/33; C.P. 43/812, rot. 417; C.P. 43/962, rot. 386; Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.); White, Dir. Staffs. (1851); Whiston and Bickford Ct. Papers (1611–1725) among Giffard Papers at Chillington, Brewood; Whiston Estate Map (18th cent.) in the Chillington Estate Office.
780. Ex inf. Mr. T. A. W. Giffard (1956); Burke, Land. Gent. (1952), 975. W. P. Giffard sold his estate at High Onn in Church Eaton in 1863: V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 94.
782. C 142/110, no. 143.
783. C 142/127, no. 45; C 142/500, no. 41.
784. Whiston Ct. Papers among Giffard Papers at Chillington, Brewood.
785. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 25, bdle. k, list of Royalists' Estates, ff. 34b, 46b–47a. A 'Mr Gyfforde' apparently living at Whiston, contributed to the repair of Penkridge church in 1630: ibid., box 7, bdle. i, a copy of the Levy Book.
786. S.H.C. 1927, 60. John Giffard, gentleman, was living at Whiston in 1680, presumably at the Hall: ibid. 1919, 219.
787. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
789. Ibid. 1928, 149; ibid. xv. 165.
790. C 142/320, no. 71.
791. C.P. 25(2)/484, I Chas. I Hil.; C.P. 25(2)/486, 18 Chas. I Mich.; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 25(2)/725, 28 Chas. II; C.P. 43/506, rot. 98; Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.); see p. 119.
792. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
794. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
795. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 45, no. 115.
797. Ibid. i. 109, 140; Le Neve, Fasti, i. 573.
799. Ibid. 49–50. Robert was the son of a priest: ibid. vi(1), 31.
800. Ibid. iv (1), 49–50.
801. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 242.
803. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 106; S.H.C. 1915, 209.
804. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 106.
805. S.H.C. 1950–1, 36 n. 98.
809. C 66/1173, m. 24.
810. C.P. 25(2)/484, 1 Chas. I Hil.; C 142/456, no. 76; C.P. 25(2)/486, 18 Chas. I Mich.; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 25(2)/725, 28 Chas. II Mich.; see p. 119.
811. C.P. 43/506, rot. 98.
812. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
813. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 242.
814. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), iii. 106.
816. S.H.C. 1950–1, 36 n. 98.
820. C 66/1173, m. 24.
821. C 142/456, no. 76; C.P. 25(2)/596, 1654 Trin.; C.P. 25(2)/725, 28 Chas. II Mich.; see p. 119.
822. C.P. 43/506, rot. 98.
823. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
824. Ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
825. V.C.H. Staffs. iv. 38, no. 8.
826. S.H.C. i. 48, 50; Rot. Chart. (Rec. Com.), 218; S.H.C. v (1), 177; Cal. Chart. R. 1341–1417, 222–3.
827. C 142/40, no. 120.
828. Ibid.; S.H.C. 1928, 148–9.
829. C 142/54, no. 51.
834. C 142/124, no. 178.
835. C 142/320, no. 71.
836. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).
837. W.S.L., Sale Cat. B/2/10, 93–94; ex inf. the Teddesley and Hatherton Estate Office, Penkridge.
838. S.H.C. iii (1), 57–58.
839. Ibid. xvii. 183; ibid. xv. 117.
841. C 139/73; S.H.C. 1928, 147–8; ibid. n.s. iv. 193, 198.
842. C 140/76; S.H.C. n.s. vii. 277–8.
844. C 142/40, no. 120; S.H.C. 1928, 148–9.
845. C 142/54, no. 51.
846. S.H.C. xi. 286–7; L. & P. Hen. VIII, xvi, p. 404.
847. C 142/124, no. 178.
848. C 142/172, no. 119; C 142/320, no. 71; see p. 119.
849. C 1/1307, nos. 62–64.
851. C 142/299, no. 127.
852. S.R.O., D. 260/M/box 16, bdle. a.
854. Plot, Map of Staffs. (1682).
855. Tithe Maps and Appt., Penkridge (copy in W.S.L.).

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