Source: https://www.ijitee.org/download/volume-3-issue-12/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 21:55:23+00:00

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Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) contains hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes with great capabilities like sensing, computation, wireless communications and these sensors have the ability to communicate either among each other or directly to an external Base Station. These Sensor nodes will collect information and also plays an important role of a Router by communicating through wireless channels. WSN ismainly intended for gathering and sensing information in remote locations (required). Design Goal of WSN is to 1) Transmit data 2) Increase Network Life Time by employing Energy Efficient Routing Protocols. Wireless networks are constrained by energy, storage capacity, and power. To increase the lifetime of networks, It is must to consider energy awareness. If we analyze routing protocols, these are in charge of discovering and maintaining the routes in the network. However, the appropriateness of a particular routing protocol mainly depends on the capabilities of the sensor nodes and on the application requirements. This paper presents a review of the main routing protocols proposed for wireless sensor networks.
Keywords: wireless Sensor networks, classification of routing protocols, Routing protocols.
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Abstract: The vertex cover (VC) problem belongs to the class of Non Deterministic Polynomial time complete (NPC) graph theoretical problems, which plays a central role in theoretical computer science and it has a numerous real life applications. Since the problem is Non Deterministic Polynomial time complete (NPC) it is unlikely to find a polynomial-time algorithm for solving vertex-cover problem exactly. This paper analyses the various algorithms to find minimum vertex cover for standard classes of random graph. The performance of all algorithms is compared with the complexity and the output solution that of the approximation algorithm, clever greedy algorithm, branch-and-bound algorithm, and simple genetic algorithm (GA).
Keywords: Minimum vertex cover, Branch and bound, greedy algorithm, genetic algorithm, crossover, mutation.
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Abstract: the artificial neural networks have an important role in current life with higher expectations. The art of using these ANNs give us a good insight for problem solving. For example the applications in pattern recognition and regression are two areas in which ANNs are working well. Signal processing itself investigates broad ranges of ANNs. The purpose of this paper is, scanning connection routes of one and two layer networks that may be used as default structure in data replacing and signal analyzing. When a signal is considered as a variable by a problem solver, the problem solver chooses the best possible ANNs to solve it. But the way we ensure the high possibilities of reliability for these types of networks, while the compatibility is still needed is important. We present several factors to measure the capability of a specific network, for a specific problem the one like E-machine learning. Formal proofs for claim are provided as well. Finally we try to optimize Kohonen SOM using factor C’.
Abstract: In spatial correlated sensor networks, nearby sensor nodes show a high degree of similarity in their readings. Keeping this in mind, the monitored region is divided into clusters and one cluster head is assigned to a cluster which does the sensing work while other nodes are in sleep state. This results in considerable energy savings as only one cluster head representing other nodes in the cluster does the sensing and transmitting work. In this paper, a framework is proposed to add functionality to existing networks so as to increase the networks lifetime and also aid in better tracking of unusual phenomena such as forest fires. Increasing the lifetime has been done by the use of dynamic multiple cluster heads and tracking of unusual phenomena has been done on the basis of outlier detection.
Keywords: Lifetime Optimization, Spatial Correlation, Dynamic Cluster Head Selection.
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Abstract: Cloud Computing is evolving into the most desirous computing technology especially because of its low cost & resource independence but also incurs some of the most threatening concerns to the future of this technology i.e. its security. This paper presents a brief introduction to Cloud Computing with a comprehensive review of the most discussed security concerns to Cloud Systems.
Keywords: Grid Computing, Distributed Computing, Parallel Computing, Virtualization, Utility Computing, Image optimization, Image portability, Fault tolerance, Multitenancy, Virtual Appliance, OS Kernel, Cloud migration, DDoS, Virus, Data location, Data Recovery, Data Control, Data privacy, Data Availability, Data Transmission, Data Security, Data Reminisce, Data Disposal, Virtual Servers, Virtual Networks, Hypervisors, APIs, VM Portability, Uptime.
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Md. K. M., Obetta S. E.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate effects of different levels of soil tillage on weed destruction and re – emergence during the cropping season of the year 2012. The experiment was conducted on the experimental farm of Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi. The field was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were ploughing and harrowing once (PH), ploughing and harrowing twice (PHH), ploughing and harrowing thrice (PHHH) and no – tillage (NT). A 75 Hp four – wheel drive MF 375 E tractor, 3 – discs MF plough and 14 – discs offset MF harrow were used for the tillage operations. The parameters studied were weed destruction and re – emergence. The total rainfall within the period was 928.7 mm. Atmospheric temperatures fluctuated between 32ºC and 39ºC and the relative humidity was between 70 % and 86 %. Results showed that the soil of the experimental plot was generally dark and was predominantly sandy. Ploughing and harrowing thrice cut down the highest number of weeds and gave the best soil conditions which yielded the least number of weed re – emergence. More weeds re – emerged on no – tillage sub – plots with percentages ranging between 42.99 % and 65.11 %. The results also showed that tillage is a viable alternative to chemical weeds control.
Keywords: Effects, Destruction, Levels, Tillage, Weeds.
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Abstract: Cloud computing has emerged as a popular paradigm that offers computing resources (e.g. CPU, storage, bandwidth, software) as scalable and on-demand services over the Internet. As more players enter this emerging market, a heterogeneous cloud computing market is expected to evolve, where individual players will have different volumes of resources, and will provide specialized services, and with different levels of quality of services. It is expected that service providers will thus, besides competing, also collaborate to complement their resources in order to improve resource utilization and combine individual services to offer more complex value chains and end-to-end solutions required by the customers. In this paper we explore the viability of collaboration framework in cloud computing environments. This collaboration will be driven by the growing need to offer diverse services without having to spend heavily on infrastructure. Collaboration can be a boon to all cloud service providers in a way that the customers would have on offer a combined catalogue of all partnering CSPs.
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5. Ana Juan Ferrer, Francisco Hernándezb, Johan Tordsson , Erik Elmroth, Ahmed Ali-Eldin, Csilla Zsigri, Raül Sirvent, Jordi Guitart, Rosa M. Badia, Karim Djemamee, Wolfgang Ziegler, Theo Dimitrakos, Srijith K. Nair, George Kousiouris, Kleopatra Konstanteli, Theodora Varvarigou, Benoit Hudzia, Alexander Kipp, Stefan Wesnerj, Marcelo Corrales, Nikolaus Forgó, Tabassum Sharif, Craig Sheridan, “OPTIMIS: A holistic approach to cloud service provisioning”, Future Generation Computer Systems ELSEVIER pp. 66–77, 2012.
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Abstract: The corrosion inhibition effect of cathodic surfactant, namely: dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and zinc ions, have been used as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in well water. Surface analysis using SEM, EDAX and AFM shows a significant morphological improvement on the carbon steel surface with the addition of inhibitors. FTIR spectra revealed the interaction between inhibitor molecules and carbon steel surface.
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Abstract: Designing a compact, power efficient Voltage- Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for high frequency phase lock loop (PLL) in modern wireless communication system is decisively a challenging task. Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator are crucial component in many wireless communication systems.VCRO is used in PLL circuit, to generate the oscillations and increase the speed of whole system. In this paper a low power and high speed VCRO is implemented using 250nm CMOS technology provided by generic with 2.5volt power supply. In favour of easy implementation of the module in small die size, a five-stage CMOS differential Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator has been adopted to fabricate the proposed VCRO.The Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator is design in Tanner Tool Version 13 environment. Power Consumption should be reduced to improve the performance of the VCRO.We also used of several techniques such as transistor sizing to improve performance of VCRO.Simulated results show that the designed VCRO exhibits an output frequency from 87-910 MHz with tuning voltages of 0.7 V to 2.3 V.The VCRO consumes 0.359mW of power at Vtune=0.7 V supply.
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9. Mrs. Devendra Rani and Prof.Sanjeev M.Ranjan, ,“ A. Karnik, “A Voltage Controlled Oscillator using Ring structure in CMOS Technology,”International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering,vol.1 No.3,ISSN 2277-1956.
10. Y.A.Eken and J.P.Uyemura, ,“A 5.9 GHz voltage controlled ring oscillator in 180nm CMOS,”IEEE J.Solid State Circuits,vol.39,No.1,pp.230-233,Januar 2004.
Abstract: In wireless sensor networks multi-hop routing is often used because of the limited transmission range of sensor nodes. Opportunistic Routing is a multi-hop routing for wireless sensor networks. In this routing, the neighbors of sender node overhear the transmission and f```orm multiple hops from source to the destination for transfer of information. The neighbor nodes set participating in the routing are included in the forwarder list in the order of priority. The node with highest priority is allowed to forward the packet it hears. A new protocol by Energy Efficient Selective Opportunistic Routing (EESOR), is implemented in this paper that reduces the size of forwarder list by applying a condition that the forwarding node is nearer to the destination. The path followed by acknowledgment packet follows opportunistic routing, assuring reliability of transmission and energy balancing. NS2 is the simulator used to implement the algorithm and results of simulation show that proposed EESOR protocol performs better than existing Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing (EEOR) protocol with respect to parameters End-to-End Delay, Throughput, Routing Overhead and Network Lifetime.
Keywords: Delay; Lifetime; Opportunistic Routing; Reliability; Throughput; Wireless Sensor Network.
1. X.F. Mao, S. Tang, X. Xu, X. Y, Li, and H. Ma, :Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Networks, Proceedings of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1934–1942, November 2011.
2. S Biswas and R Morris, :ExOR: Opportunistic Multi-hop Routing for Wireless Networks, in Proceedings of ACM SICGOMM, 133-144, 2005.
3. Chen Wei, Chen Zhi, Pingyi Fan, and Khaled Ben Letaief, :AsOR: An Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks over Rayleigh Fading Channels, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2452–2463, May 2009.
4. Anand Nasipuri, R. Castaneda, and S.R. Das, :Performance of Multipath Routing for On-Demand Protocols in Ad Hoc Networks, ACM/Kluwer Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 339–349, 2001.
5. Andrea Passarella, Mohan Kumar, Marco Conti, and Eleonora Borgia, :Minimum-Delay Service Provisioning in Opportunistic Networks, in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1267–1275, August 2011.
6. Che-Jung Hsu, Huey-Ing Liu, Winston K.G. Seah, :Opportunistic Routing A Review and the Challenges Ahead, ELSEVIER Journal Computer Networks, vol. S5, pp. 3592–3603, 2011.
7. Jihoon Myung, and Wonjun Lee, :Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, IEEE Communication Letters, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 510– 513, April 2012.
8. K. Zeng, W. Lou, and H. Zhai, :On End-to-End Throughput of Opportunistic Routing in Multirate and Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proceedings of INFOCOMM, 2008.
9. Shengling Wang, Siuzhen Cheng, :Opportunistic Routing in Intermittently Connected Mobile P2P Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol.
31, pp. 369–379, September 2013.
10. Won-Yong Shin, Sae-Young Chung, Yong H. Lee, :Parallel Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Networks, in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 6290–6391, October 2013.
11. Yanhuva Li, Abedelaziz Mohaisen, Zhi-Li Zhang, :Trading Optimality for Scalability in Large-Scale Opprotunistic Routing, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2253 – 2263, June 2013.
12. Zehua Wang, Yuanzhu Chen, Cheng Li, :CORMAN: A Novel Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 30, pp. 289–286, February 2012.
13. Bogdan Pavkovic, Fabrice Theoley re and Andrzej Duda, “Multipath Opportunistic RPL Routing over IEEE 802.15.4”, MSWiM, 2011.
14. Azad and Joarder Kamruzzaman, “Energy-Balanced Transmission Policies for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 927-940, Jul. 2011.
15. Xiaoli Ma, Min-Te Sun, Gang Zhao and Xiangqian Liu, “An Efficient Path Pruning Algorithm for Geographical Routing in Wireless Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2474-2490, Jul. 2008.
Abstract: The finite element method is used to model large sliding frictional contact problems in which one body slides over another body and there is relative motion at the interface of the two bodies. The penalty approach has been used within finite element frame work to consider various constraints at the contact surface. The large sliding behavior between two bodies has been formulated by employing the node-to-segment (NTS) algorithm. The NTS technique searches for the active slave nodes and the corresponding master segments at the contact surface and then the contact stiffness matrix is evaluated to enforce the contact conditions. Finally, three problems are solved to demonstrate the applicability of the given technique in solving large sliding fictional contact problems. The given problems have been solved for both the frictionless contact as well as the frictional contact at the interface of the two bodies.
Keywords: FEM, Penalty Factor, Node-to-Segment Technique, Large Sliding.
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9. Giorgio Zavarise, and Laura De Lorenzis, 2009, “The node-to-segment algorithm for 2D frictionless contact: Classical formulation and special cases”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198, pp. 3428–3451.
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Abstract: Cloud Computing is nothing but specific style of computing where everything from computing power to infrastructure, business apps are provided “as a service”. In cloud, shared resources, softwares and information is provided as a metered service over the network. By data outsourcing, users can be relieved from the burden of local data storage and maintenance. However, the fact that users no longer have physical possession of the possibly large size of outsourced data makes the data integrity protection in Cloud Computing a very challenging and potentially formidable task, especially for users with constrained computing resources and capabilities. Thus, enabling public auditability for cloud data storage security is of critical importance so that users can resort to an external audit party to check the integrity of outsourced data when needed. In particular, we consider the task of allowing a third party auditor (TPA), on behalf of the cloud client, to verify the integrity of the dynamic data stored in the cloud. In this paper we are extending the previous system by using automatic blocker for privacy preserving public auditing for data storage security in cloud computing. We utilize the public key based homomorphic authenticator and uniquely integrate it with random mask technique and automatic blocker. In particular, to achieve efficient data dynamics, we improve the existing proof of storage models by manipulating the block tag authentication. Thus, TPA eliminates the involvement of the client through the auditing of whether his Data stored in the Cloud are indeed intact, which can be important in achieving economies of scale For Cloud Computing.
Keywords: Cloud computing, CSP, Data storage, Data dynamics, Protocol Blocker, Public auditability, TPA.
1. Qian Wang, Student Member, IEEE, Cong Wang, Student Member, IEEE, Kui Ren, Member, IEEE Wenjing Lou, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jin Li “Enabling Public Auditability and Data Dynamics for Storage Security in Cloud Computing” IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, vol. 22, no.5, May 2011.
2. P. Mell, T. Grance (2009),“Draft NIST working definition of cloud computing”, [Online]Available: http://www.csrc.nist. gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html.
3. Juels and B.S. Kaliski Jr., “Pors: Proofs of Retrievability forLarge Files,”Proc. 14th ACM Conf. Computer and Comm. Security(CCS ’07),pp. 584-597, 2007.
4. H. Shacham and B. Waters, “Compact Proofs of Retrievability” Proc. 14th Int’l Conf. Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology (ASIACRYPT ’08),pp. 90-107, 2008.
5. K.D. Bowers, A. Juels, and A. Oprea, “Proofs of Retrievability: Theory and Implementation,” Report 2008/175, Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2008.
6. M. Naor and G.N. Rothblum, “The Complexity of Online ]memory Checking,” Proc. 46th Ann. IEEE Symp. Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS ’05),pp. 573-584, 2005.
7. E.-C. Chang and J. Xu, “Remote Integrity Check with Dishonest Storage Server,”Proc. 13th European Symp. Research in Computer Security (ESORICS ’08),pp. 223-237, 2008.
8. M.A. Shah, R. Swaminathan, and M. Baker, “Privacy-Preserving Audit and Extraction of Digital Contents,” Report 2008/186,Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2008.
9. Oprea, M.K. Reiter, and K. Yang, “Space-Efficient Block Storage Integrity,”Proc. 12th Ann. Network and Distributed System Security Symp. (NDSS ’05), 2005.
10. T. Schwarz and E.L. Miller, “Store, Forget, and Check: Using Algebraic Signatures to Check Remotely Administered Storage,” Proc. 26th IEEE Int’l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’06),p. 12, 2006.
11. Q. Wang, K. Ren, W. Lou, and Y. Zhang, “Dependable and Secure Sensor Data Storage with Dynamic Integrity Assurance,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 954-962, Apr. 2009.
12. C. Wang, Q. Wang, K. Ren, and W. Lou, “Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing,” Proc. 17th Int’l workshop Quality of Service (IWQoS ’09),2009.
13. C. Wang, Q. Wang, K. Ren, and W. Lou, “Ensuring Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing,” Proc. 17th Int’l Workshop Quality of Service (IWQoS ’09), 2009.
14. G. Ateniese, R.D. Pietro, L.V. Mancini, and G. Tsudik, “Scalable and Efficient Provable Data Possession,”Proc. Fourth Int’l Conf. Security and Privacy in Comm. Networks (SecureComm ’08),pp. 1-10,20080.
Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a extremely useful and one of the most widely used wireless technology. Its high spectral efficiency, low inter symbol interference and very less cross talk makes it highly used in TV broadcasting or wire line systems like ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line). The increasingly useful OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems too suffer from one major disadvantage of having a high PAPR, which is due to the superposition of N sub carriers. In this letter we counter the high PAPR (Peak to Average Power ratio) using PTS (Partial Transmit Sequence) algorithm, which is a more efficient technique than some other PAPR reducing techniques like SLM (Selected Mapping), clipping and amplitude filtering. We have lowered the complexity of the algorithm making it highly reliable and much more sharper in terms of lowering the PAPR. Our paper analyzes the PAPR plot in terms of CCDF (complimentary cumulative distributive function) by varying the sub carriers and the sub-blocks in PTS. We also carry out the phase optimization in PTS algorithm by using exhaustive search algorithm and modified exhaustive search algorithm so as to reduce PAPR to a greater extent in OFDM systems.
6. S.Haykin, “OFDM SYSTEMS, brain-empowered wireless communications,” IEEE J. Sel Areas Commun., vol. 23, pp. 201–220, Feb. 2005.
Abstract: in this paper, we propose an extraction approach of learning objects (LO) (Definition, Example, Exercise, etc...) of documents defined by HTML / XML whose structure is a tree DOM (Document Object Model). Our approach is based on two intelligent agents. An agent of extraction to extract the learning objects independently of the domain and to align them with the concepts of the ontology. An agent of annotation defined by a set of declarative rules for annotates the nodes and their relationships. We defined in the extraction agent a module includes a set of declarative rules of contextual exploration to extract the learning objects contained in the nodes of DOM documents. The result of this extraction is a set of RDF triples generated for alignment the learning objects extracts with concepts of ontology. The agent of annotation is based on a set of annotations metadata representing the results of extraction and annotation. They allow also annotating the neighbor relationship between the nodes. We assume to have a domain ontology defined by concepts, relations between these concepts and properties.
Keywords: Semantic Annotation, Multi-agent systems, Ontology, learning object (LO), contextual exploration method.
1. Aziz O., Abderrahman C., Mohamed K., “Intelligent Agents for the Semantic Annotation of Educational Resources”, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), Volume-3, Issue-5, November 2013.
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3. Boutheina S., Rim F., Descles J.-P., "Relevant learning objects extraction based on semantic annotation", Int. J. Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2013.
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6. Bourda Y., Hélier M., "Métadonnées et XML : application aux objets pédagogiques", In Colloque International Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication dans les Enseignement d’Ingénieurs et dans l’industrie, Troyes, 18-20 octobre 2000.
7. Sabine G., K. Ramesh R., "Concept Guide on Reusable Learning Objects with Application to Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences", Dec. 2007.
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9. Aziz O, Abderrahman C, Mohamed K., “Agent of semantic annotation of educational resources based on ontology”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-3, Issue-7, December 2013.
10. Gustavo C., "Une plate-forme informatique de l’Exploration Contextuelle : modélisation, architecture et réalisation (ContextO)", université de paris IV – Sorbonne, Ecole Doctorale Concepts et Langages, Laboratoire LaLICC, thèse de doctorat, 2003.
11. Mouhamadou T., « Annotation Sémantique de Documents Semi-structurés pour la Recherche d’Information », thèse en cotutelle, Universités de Paris-Sud et Gaston Berger, 2010.
Abstract: Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been designed to support only packet-switched services. It aims to provide seamless Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity between User Equipment (UE) and the packet data network (PDN), without any disruption to the end user’s applications during mobility. The term LTE “Long Term Evolution” encompasses the evolution of UMTS which is famous for high data rate because the use of OFDMA. Many of us might have heard about LTE’s peak throughput i.e. 300Mbps, but how many of us know how we calculate that? This paper provides the information, how this number is calculated? And assumptions behind? In this paper, authors have explained the calculations of theoretical throughput for both the LTE FDD and TDD systems.
Keywords: LTE, Throughput, Frequency Division Duplexing, Time Division Duplexing.
2. 3GPP TS 36.213 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Physical layer procedures”.
4. 3GPP TS 36.300 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).
5. 3GPP TS 24.302: “Access to the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) via Non-3GPP Access Networks”.
8. 3GPP TS 36.413: “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); S1 Application Protocol (S1AP).
Abstract: In recent years, electronic media has grown very fast replacing papers, tape devices, books, etc. The new technologies provide large number of data into single device, fast searching options and more readability than ever. As eBooks are replacing books; we are proposing eNotebook system in which user can write as he did in notebook, save, searches and then reread content. This paper presents design and development of eNotebook using ARM7. The system uses touch screen to get input data and operations like save, delete, open & close of data file. All data sensed by touch screen is digitized by internal ADCs of LPC2148 microcontroller which gives low power platform with fast execution. The output is shown on graphical LCD. Whatever user writes on screen it may need to save for future use. The content of such hand written data will be in graphical/pictorial form hence required large of memory for storage. We can provide external memory using pen drive, memory card, EEPROM etc. in this system we are using SD card interfacing through SPI port.
Keywords: ARM7, Graphical LCD, LPC 2148, SD Cards, Touch Screen.
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Abstract: The quality inspection method of rice grain which is followed by Agmark is based on manual inspection by the assigned inspectors which proves to be an improper way and outcomes that results are inaccurate. A digital inspection method for Agmark Standards for quality assessment of rice is required. So this paper proposes a digital method which can be used to evaluate the quality of rice for the present Agmark Standards. The proposed method is formulated with the help of digital image processing technique on MATLAB. In this paper three parameters; Broken Grain , Foreign Particle and Admixture of Agmark Standards are converted to digital form for digital quality inspection of rice. The outcomes of inspection of the samples studied, showed that our model was an effective way for digital inspection of Agmark Standards.
Keywords: AGMARK, Binarization, Grayscale ,MATLAB, Region Props.
4. YangYiShan ChenLiYun, XuYaoWu. From rice quality evaluation criteria of change to see our rice breeding for quality development [J].Journal of hybrid rice, finance (cicf 3) : 5-10.
7. R. M. Carter, PhD Thesis: On-Line measurement of size distribution and volumetric concentration of pneumatically conveyed solids using digital imaging techniques. 2005, University of Kent, UK.
8. R M Carter, Y. Yan., Measurement of particle shape using digital imaging techniques. Journal of Physics Conference Series, V. 15, pp. 177-182, 2005.
9. Rohit R. Parmar, Kavindra R.Jain, Dr.Chintan K.Modi, “Image Morphological operation based quality analysis of coriander seed (Coriandrumsatavum L.),” ETNCC (International Conference on Emerging Trends in Network and Computer Communications), 2011.
10. Gonzalez, R.C., Woods, R.E., 2008. Digital Image Processing. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.
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Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to create adaptable learning object to different types of personality of learners. For that, we present the personality factor that we deem useful to know the psyche of learner and to create adaptable content. We lay bare two different approaches of learning profile and we propose an enrichment of Learning Object Metadata standard to support adaptation. Finally, we suggest our approach to creating learning profile and the process of adaptation of learning object.
Keywords: Personality, Learning Object Metadata, learner profile, Ontology.
1. Abderrahman CHEKRY., Aziz ORICHE., Mohamed KHALDI., « Sharing and Adaptation of Educational Documents in E-Learning» International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. ISSN: 1863-0383, iJET, Volume 7, No 1, 2012.
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Abstract: Despite the gains offered by wireless communication systems, developing nations like Nigeria have been facing some stringent challenges in the security of wireless communication systems. Although Nigeria’s Telecom industry has experienced continuous growth and rapid progress in policy and technological development, thus resulting in an increasingly competitive and networked world, it has however been encumbered with many security challenges. At present, wireless communications weaknesses are on the increase due to the higher demand for wireless access, demand for higher data rates, the emergence of advanced services, the need for roaming, and the large deployment of services across the globe. Consequently, this has created challenging issues in the security of wireless systems and applications operating in wireless environments. Nigeria witnessed stages of technological advancements in her information-dissemination techniques. Most of the techniques, such as post office, public switch telephone network, telegram and so on, are now becoming obsolete and therefore necessitate the use of other communication mediums which are not only faster, cheaper, portable, contemporary, more efficient and reliable but also have the gains and potentials of accelerating economic development as well as enhancing the lives of individuals. Consequently, the wireless communication systems such as the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and the internet, which are operative in Nigeria at present, have brought convenience, mobility and portability in the information and communication process. And with these, people can now transact a wide range of services formally. It is true that security of wireless networks is a global issue that needs to be addressed; the Nigerian case has more to it owing to the diverse nature of the country vis-à-vis its ethnic and religious diversities and therefore requires a critical evaluation, especially now that deregulation of the sector has taken its success.
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Abstract: The main focus of this research was to investigate the role of Ba doping on the sintering behavior and microstructure development of BiFeO3 (BFO) ceramic. Single phase Bi1-xBa.xFeO3 samples (x= 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The doped samples were then sintered at temperatures in the range of 850-900oC for both 1 and 2 hours of holding time. Thereafter field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to examine the phase and structure of the samples. Phase analysis by X–ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that single phase perovskite structure was formed with possible increment in lattice parameter with increasing Ba doping. Moreover, microstructural investigation using the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that an increase in Ba concentration in Bi1-xBa.xFeO3 controls excessive grain growth and reduces the average grain size from 10 µm in Bi0.9Ba0.1FeO3 to 0.58 µm in Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3 when sintered at 900oC for 2h. However, percent theoretical density (%TD) above 95% was attained in this research for all compositions.
Keywords: Bismuth Ferrite, Barium, Doping, Sintering, Densification, Microstructure.
1. N.A. Hill, “Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics?”, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, Volume 104 (29), pp 6694-6709.
2. C.P. Bhole, “Antiferromagnetic to Paramagnetic Phase transitions in Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) Ceramics by Solid State Reaction”, Ceramics – Silikáty, 2012, Volume 56 (2), pp 127-129.
3. W. Cheong, M. Mostovoy, “Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity, ”Nature Materials, 2007, Volume 6, pp 13-20.
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5. L. Luo, W. Luo, G. Yuan, W. Wei, X. Yuan, H. Zhang, K. Shen, M. Xu, Q. Xu, “The Origin of Enhanced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Ba Doped BiFeO3”, Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2013, Volume 26, pp 3309–3313.
6. D. H. Wang, W. C. Goh, M. Ning, and C. K. Ong “Effect of Ba doping on magnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric properties in mutiferroic BiFeO3 at room temperature,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, 2006, pp 212907: 1-3.
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9. A.K. Ghosh, H. Kevin, B. Chatterjee, G.D. Dwivedi, A. Barman, H.D. Yang and S. Chatterjee, “Effect of Sr-doping on multiferroic properties of Bi0.8La0.2Fe0.9Mn0. 1O3”, Solid State Communications, Volume 152, Issue 6, 2009, pp 557-560.
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13. A.K. Ghosha, H. Kevin, B. Chatterjee, G.D. Dwivedi, A. Barman, H.D. Yang, S. Chatterjee, “Effect of Sr-doping on multiferroic properties of Bi0.8La0.2Fe0.9Mn0.1O3”, Solid State Communications, 2012, Volume 152, pp 557–560.
14. A.K. Ghosh , G.D. Dwivedi, B. Chatterjee, B. Rana, A. Barmanb, S. Chatterjee, H.D. Yang, “Role of codoping on multiferroic properties at room temperature in BiFeO3 ceramic”, Solid State Communications, 2013, Volume 166, pp 22–26.
15. S. Pattanayak, R.N.P. Choudhary, S.R. Shannigrahib, P.R. Dasa, R. Padheea, “Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties of Gd-modified BiFeO3”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2013, Volume 341, pp 158–164.
16. Y. Lin, Q. Jiang, Y. Wang, C. Nan, L. Chen, J. Yu, “Enhancement of ferromagnetic properties in Bi FeO3 polycrystalline ceramic by La doping”, Applied Physics Letters, 2007, Volume 90, pp 172507: 1-3.
18. Y.F. Cui, Y.G. Zhao, L.B. Luo, J.J. Yang, H. Chang, M.H. Zhu, D. Xie, T. L. Ren, “Dielectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties of La and Ti codoped BiFeO3”, Applied Physics Letters, 2010, Volume 97, pp 222904: 1-3.
20. N. Jeon, K. Moon, D. Rout and S. L. Kang,“Enhanced Sintering Behavior and Electrical Properties of Single Phase BiFeO3 Prepared by Attrition Milling and Conventional Sintering,” Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, Vol. 49, No. 6, July 2012, pp. 485~492.
21. Szafraniak, M. Polomska, B. Hilczer, A. Pietraszko, and L Kepinski, “Characterization of BiFeO3Nanopowder Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis,” Journal of European Ceramic Society, 2007, pp 4399-4402.
22. S. M. Selbach, M. A. Einarsrud, T. Tybell, and T. Grande, “Synthesis of BiFeO3 by Wet Chemical Methods,” Journal of American Ceramic Society,Volume 90, Issue 11, 2007, pp 3430-3434.
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24. M. Valant, A. Axelsson, and N. Alford,“Peculiarities of a Solid-State Synthesis of Multiferroic Polycrystalline BiFeO3,” Chemistry of Materials, Volume 19,2007, pp 5431-5436.
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26. N. Jeon, D. Rout, I. W. Kim, and S.J. L. Kang, “Enhanced Multiferroic Properties of Single-phase BiFeO3 Bulk Ceramics by Ho doping,” Applied Physics Letter, Volume 98, Issue 7, 2011, pp 072901-072903.
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30. Z. M. Tian, S. L. Yuan, X. L. Wang, X. F. Zheng, S. Y. Yin, C. H. Wang and L. Liu, “Size effect on magnetic and ferroelectric properties in Bi2Fe4O9 multiferroic ceramics,” Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 106, 2009, pp 103912: 1-4.
Abstract: Micro strip slot antenna becomes very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis and fabrication, low cost, light weight, easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. Although slot antenna has numerous advantages, it has also some drawbacks such as restricted bandwidth, and a potential decrease in radiation pattern. Different techniques for bandwidth enhancement of conventional rectangular micro strip antenna are proposed in this report. By increasing the height of slot, increasing the substrate thickness and decreasing the permittivity of substrate the %bandwidth is increased. HFSS Software is used for the simulation and design calculation of micro strip slot antenna. The return loss, VSWR curve, directivity and gain are to be analyzed and evaluated.
Keywords: Probe, Feed, Patch, Antenna, HFSS, Substrate, Coax, Bandwidth.
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12. L. Yang, L. Martin, D. Staiculescu, C. P. Wong, and M. M. Tentzeris, “Comprehensive study on the impact of dielectric and magnetic loss on performance of a novel flexible magnetic composite material,” in Proc. EuMC, Oct. 2008, pp. 131–134.
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Abstract: In a developing country like India the benefits of prestressing and particularly of Post-Tensioning are yet to be recognized. The inherent hurdle is undoubtedly the higher initial investment that is required from the clients. This has to be overlooked considering the significant benefits of Post-Tensioning and the high benefit-aspect ratio that can be advantageously procured. In the present study an attempt is made to compare the cost effectiveness of Post-Tensioned flat slab systems with respect to reinforced concrete flat slab system. Both the systems were analysed using SAP and MS Excel program was developed based on the design methodology. The results indicate that Post Tensioned flat slabs are cheaper than the RCC slab systems for all the spans considered in the present study.
Keywords: Post Tensioning (PT), Post Tensioned Flat Slab, RCC Flat Slab.
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2. Bijan.O. and Aalami., 2003. “Guidelines for the design of Post-tensioning floor systems” Concrete International 77-83.
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9. Purushothaman, P., 1984. “Reinforced concret Structural elements”, Tata Mcgraw- hill, New Delhi.

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