Source: http://www.childrenslegalrightsjournal.com/childrenslegalrightsjournal/volume_34_issue_2?pg=21
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 22:13:40+00:00

Document:
Three separate due process tests have been recognized in juvenile isolation cases. First, if the use of isolation amounts to punishment or there is no rational basis for the deprivation, then its use may be a violation of due process. Secondly, if the isolation is considered to be unduly restrictive to a youth’s freedom of movement and is not reasonably related to the legitimate security needs of the institution, it violates due process. Finally, some courts have recognized a juvenile’s right to treatment created by the rehabilitative function of the juvenile court. Jurisdictions that recognize this right, therefore, can find isolation to be a violation of due process when it creates conditions that do not amount to treatment.
151 See Alexander S. v. Boyd, 876 F. Supp. 773, 795-96 (D.S.C. 1995).
152 See Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 671 (1977); Gary H. v. Hegstrom, 831 F.2d 1430, 1431-32 (9th Cir. 1987); Hewett v. Jarrard, 786 F.2d 1080, 1084-85 (11th Cir. 1986); Santana v. Collazo, 714 F.2d 1172, 1179 (1st Cir. 1983); Milonas v. Williams, 691 F.2d 931, 942 n.10 (10th Cir. 1982) (all holding that due process rather than cruel and unusual punishment was the appropriate standard to review the constitutionality of the use of juvenile isolation).
153 YOUTH LAW CTR., supra note 144, at 5; see also Alexander S., 876 F. Supp. at 795 (“[T]he court has determined that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which implicitly encompasses the protections of the Eighth Amendment, is the appropriate standard for reviewing the conditions at the DJJ facilities. Adoption of the more stringent Due Process Clause is appropriate in this case because the juveniles incarcerated at DJJ facilities have, with few exceptions, not been convicted of a crime; rather, they have merely been adjudicated to be juvenile delinquents.”).

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