Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/1861
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 20:22:16+00:00

Document:
Subject to paragraph (3), the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the Director (whose rank shall be no lower than Assistant Special Agent in Charge) may make an application for an order requiring the production of any tangible things (including books, records, papers, documents, and other items) for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a United States person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such investigation of a United States person is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution.
not be conducted of a United States person solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
In the case of an application for an order requiring the production of library circulation records, library patron lists, book sales records, book customer lists, firearms sales records, tax return records, educational records, or medical records containing information that would identify a person, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation may delegate the authority to make such application to either the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Executive Assistant Director for National Security (or any successor position). The Deputy Director or the Executive Assistant Director may not further delegate such authority.
an enumeration of the minimization procedures adopted by the Attorney General under subsection (g) that are applicable to the retention and dissemination by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of any tangible things to be made available to the Federal Bureau of Investigation based on the order requested in such application.
Upon an application made pursuant to this section, if the judge finds that the application meets the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) and that the minimization procedures submitted in accordance with subsection (b)(2)(D) meet the definition of minimization procedures under subsection (g), the judge shall enter an ex parte order as requested, or as modified, approving the release of tangible things. Such order shall direct that minimization procedures adopted pursuant to subsection (g) be followed.
destroy all call detail records produced under the order as prescribed by such procedures.
A person to whom disclosure is made pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a person to whom an order or emergency production is directed under this section in the same manner as such person.
Any person who discloses to a person described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has sought or obtained tangible things pursuant to an order or emergency production under this section shall notify such person of the nondisclosure requirements of this subsection.
At the request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the designee of the Director, any person making or intending to make a disclosure under subparagraph (A) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall identify to the Director or such designee the person to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request.
otherwise provides technical assistance to the Government under this section or to implement the amendments made to this section by the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015.
A production or provision of information, facilities, or technical assistance described in paragraph (1) shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any privilege in any other proceeding or context.
the term “nondisclosure order” means an order imposed under subsection (d).
A person receiving a production order may challenge the legality of the production order or any nondisclosure order imposed in connection with the production order by filing a petition with the pool established by section 1803(e)(1) of this title.
The presiding judge shall immediately assign a petition under clause (i) to 1 of the judges serving in the pool established by section 1803(e)(1) of this title. Not later than 72 hours after the assignment of such petition, the assigned judge shall conduct an initial review of the petition. If the assigned judge determines that the petition is frivolous, the assigned judge shall immediately deny the petition and affirm the production order or nondisclosure order. If the assigned judge determines the petition is not frivolous, the assigned judge shall promptly consider the petition in accordance with the procedures established under section 1803(e)(2) of this title.
The assigned judge shall promptly provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for any determination under this subsection. Upon the request of the Government, any order setting aside a nondisclosure order shall be stayed pending review pursuant to paragraph (3).
A judge considering a petition to modify or set aside a production order may grant such petition only if the judge finds that such order does not meet the requirements of this section or is otherwise unlawful. If the judge does not modify or set aside the production order, the judge shall immediately affirm such order, and order the recipient to comply therewith.
A judge considering a petition to modify or set aside a nondisclosure order may grant such petition only if the judge finds that there is no reason to believe that disclosure may endanger the national security of the United States, interfere with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation, interfere with diplomatic relations, or endanger the life or physical safety of any person.
If the judge denies a petition to modify or set aside a nondisclosure order, the recipient of such order shall be precluded for a period of 1 year from filing another such petition with respect to such nondisclosure order.
Any production or nondisclosure order not explicitly modified or set aside consistent with this subsection shall remain in full effect.
A petition for review of a decision under paragraph (2) to affirm, modify, or set aside an order by the Government or any person receiving such order shall be made to the court of review established under section 1803(b) of this title, which shall have jurisdiction to consider such petitions. The court of review shall provide for the record a written statement of the reasons for its decision and, on petition by the Government or any person receiving such order for writ of certiorari, the record shall be transmitted under seal to the Supreme Court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction to review such decision.
Judicial proceedings under this subsection shall be concluded as expeditiously as possible. The record of proceedings, including petitions filed, orders granted, and statements of reasons for decision, shall be maintained under security measures established by the Chief Justice of the United States, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence.
All petitions under this subsection shall be filed under seal. In any proceedings under this subsection, the court shall, upon request of the Government, review ex parte and in camera any Government submission, or portions thereof, which may include classified information.
The Attorney General shall adopt, and update as appropriate, specific minimization procedures governing the retention and dissemination by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of any tangible things, or information therein, received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in response to an order under this subchapter.
notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B), procedures that allow for the retention and dissemination of information that is evidence of a crime which has been, is being, or is about to be committed and that is to be retained or disseminated for law enforcement purposes.
Nothing in this subsection shall limit the authority of the court established under section 1803(a) of this title to impose additional, particularized minimization procedures with regard to the production, retention, or dissemination of nonpublicly available information concerning unconsenting United States persons, including additional, particularized procedures related to the destruction of information within a reasonable time period.
Information acquired from tangible things received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in response to an order under this subchapter concerning any United States person may be used and disclosed by Federal officers and employees without the consent of the United States person only in accordance with the minimization procedures adopted pursuant to subsection (g). No otherwise privileged information acquired from tangible things received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter shall lose its privileged character. No information acquired from tangible things received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in response to an order under this subchapter may be used or disclosed by Federal officers or employees except for lawful purposes.
makes an application in accordance with this section to a judge having jurisdiction under this section as soon as practicable, but not later than 7 days after the Attorney General requires the emergency production of tangible things under this subsection.
If the Attorney General requires the emergency production of tangible things under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures required by this section for the issuance of a judicial order be followed.
In the absence of a judicial order approving the production of tangible things under this subsection, the production shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time the Attorney General begins requiring the emergency production of such tangible things, whichever is earliest.
If such application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the production of tangible things is terminated and no order is issued approving the production, no information obtained or evidence derived from such production shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such production shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person.
The Attorney General shall assess compliance with the requirements of paragraph (5).
otherwise providing technical assistance to the Government under this section or to implement the amendments made to this section by the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015.
The terms “foreign power”, “agent of a foreign power”, “international terrorism”, “foreign intelligence information”, “Attorney General”, “United States person”, “United States”, “person”, and “State” have the meanings provided those terms in section 1801 of this title.
The term “address” means a physical address or electronic address, such as an electronic mail address or temporarily assigned network address (including an Internet protocol address).
cell site location or global positioning system information.
is used to limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of tangible things sought consistent with the purpose for seeking the tangible things.
identifies a broad geographic region, including the United States, a city, a county, a State, a zip code, or an area code, when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in clause (i).
Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preclude the use of multiple terms or identifiers to meet the requirements of clause (i).
For purposes of an application submitted under subsection (b)(2)(C), the term “specific selection term” means a term that specifically identifies an individual, account, or personal device.
(1) The terms “foreign power”, “agent of a foreign power”, “foreign intelligence information”, “international terrorism”, and “Attorney General” shall have the same meanings as in section 1801 of this title.
(2) The term “common carrier” means any person or entity transporting people or property by land, rail, water, or air for compensation.
(3) The term “physical storage facility” means any business or entity that provides space for the storage of goods or materials, or services related to the storage of goods or materials, to the public or any segment thereof.
(4) The term “public accommodation facility” means any inn, hotel, motel, or other establishment that provides lodging to transient guests.
(5) The term “vehicle rental facility” means any person or entity that provides vehicles for rent, lease, loan, or other similar use to the public or any segment thereof.
Executive Order No. 12333, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.
The USA FREEDOM Act of 2015, referred to in subsecs. (e)(1)(B) and (j)(2), also known as the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015, is Pub. L. 114–23, June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 268. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 1801 of this title and Tables.
Pursuant to Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 112–14, this section was amended, effective June 1, 2015, to read as it read on Oct. 25, 2001. The amendments made by Pub. L. 114–23, which was enacted June 2, 2015, were directed to this section as it read prior to such reversion and were executed as if the reversion had not taken place, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the extension of the provisions of this section to Dec. 15, 2019, by Pub. L. 114–23, § 705(a), (c). See 2015 Amendment notes below.
A prior section 1861, Pub. L. 95–511, title V, § 501, as added Pub. L. 105–272, title VI, § 602, Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2410, defined terms used in this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–56, title II, § 215, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 287. See Amendment of Section note above.
2018—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 115–118 added par. (4).
2015—Pub. L. 114–23, § 705(a), (c), amended directory language of Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1). See Codification note above and 2006 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–23, § 103(a), added subpar. (A). Former subpar. (A) redesignated (B).
Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(a)(1)(A), substituted “in the case of an application other than an application described in subparagraph (C) (including an application for the production of call detail records other than in the manner described in subparagraph (C)), a statement” for “a statement” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(a)(1)(B), struck out “and” at end.
Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(a)(2), redesignated subpar. (A) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (D).
Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(a)(3), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(a)(2), redesignated subpar. (B) as (D).
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–23, § 104(a)(1), inserted “and that the minimization procedures submitted in accordance with subsection (b)(2)(D) meet the definition of minimization procedures under subsection (g)” after “subsections (a) and (b)”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–23, § 103(b)(1), inserted before semicolon at end “, including each specific selection term to be used as the basis for the production”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(F). Pub. L. 114–23, § 101(b), added subpar. (F).
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–23, § 103(b)(2), added par. (3).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(b)(1)(A), substituted “pursuant to an order issued or an emergency production required” for “pursuant to an order” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(b)(1)(B), substituted “such order or such emergency production” for “such order”.
Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(b)(1)(C), substituted “the order or the emergency production” for “the order”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(b)(2)(A), substituted “an order or emergency production” for “an order”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(b)(2)(B), substituted “an order or emergency production” for “an order”.
Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 114–23, § 104(a)(3), substituted “The” for “Not later than 180 days after March 9, 2006, the” and inserted “, and update as appropriate,” after “adopt”.
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 114–23, § 104(a)(2), added par. (3).
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–23, § 102(a), which directed adding subsec. (i) at the end of this section, effective after the addition of subsecs. (j) and (k), was executed by adding subsec. (i) after subsec. (h) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 114–23, § 106, added subsec. (j).
Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 114–23, § 107, added subsec. (k).
2011—Pub. L. 112–14 amended directory language of Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1). See 2006 Amendment note below.
Pub. L. 112–3 amended directory language of Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1). See 2006 Amendment note below.
2010—Pub. L. 111–141 amended directory language of Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1). See 2006 Amendment note below.
2009—Pub. L. 111–118 amended directory language of Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1). See 2006 Amendment note below.
2006—Pub. L. 109–177, § 102(b)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 111–118, Pub. L. 111–141, Pub. L. 112–3, Pub. L. 112–14, and Pub. L. 114–23, § 705(a), (c), amended section effective Dec. 15, 2019, so as to read as it read on Oct. 25, 2001. Prior to amendment, section related to access to certain business records for foreign intelligence and international terrorism investigations.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–177, § 106(a)(1), substituted “Subject to paragraph (3), the Director” for “The Director”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–177, § 106(a)(2), added par. (3).
“(1) Upon an application made pursuant to this section, the judge shall enter an ex parte order as requested, or as modified, approving the release of records if the judge finds that the application meets the requirements of this section.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–178, § 3, amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) provided for judicial proceedings relating to challenging an order to produce tangible things.
Pub. L. 109–177, § 106(f)(2), added subsec. (f).
Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 109–177, § 106(g), added subsecs. (g) and (h).
2001—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–108 inserted “to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a United States person or” after “an investigation”.
Amendment by section 102(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–177 effective Dec. 15, 2019, except that former provisions to continue in effect with respect to any particular foreign intelligence investigation that began before Dec. 15, 2019, or with respect to any particular offense or potential offense that began or occurred before Dec. 15, 2019, see section 102(b) of Pub. L. 109–177, set out as a note under section 1805 of this title.

References: § 102
 § 705
 § 501
 § 602
 § 215
 § 705
 § 102
 § 103
 § 101
 § 101
 § 101
 § 101
 § 101
 § 104
 § 103
 § 101
 § 103
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 104
 § 104
 § 102
 § 106
 § 107
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 102
 § 705
 § 106
 § 106
 § 3
 § 106
 § 106