Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/ome/abstract.cfm?uri=ome-9-5-1990
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 22:14:06+00:00

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Sustainable architecture requires development of new materials with tailored optical, mechanical, and thermal properties to provide both aesthetic appeal and energy-saving functionalities. Polymers and polymer-based composites emerge as promising lightweight and conformable materials whose optical spectra can be engineered to achieve both goals. Here, we report on the development of new types of organic-inorganic films composed of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with a variety of organic and inorganic nano- and micro-scale inclusions. The films simultaneously provide ultra-light weight, conformability, either visual coloring or transparency on demand, and passive thermal management via both conduction and radiation. The lightweight semi-crystalline polymer matrix yields thermal conductivity exceeding that of many metals, allowing for the lateral heat spreading and hot spots mitigation in the cases of partial illumination of films by sunlight. It also yields excellent broadband transparency, allowing for the opportunities to shape the spectral response of composite materials via targeted addition of inclusions with tailored optical spectra. We demonstrate a variety of dark- and bright-colored composite samples that exhibit reduced temperatures under direct illumination by sunlight, and outline strategies for materials design to further improve material performance.
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Fig. 1. Wavelength spectra of (a) atmospheric transparency, (b) total terrestrial solar irradiance (red), infrared thermal emittance of a blackbody at temperature of 310 K (orange), and (c) CIE standard observer color matching functions underlying the basis of the color formation in human vision.
Fig. 2. The spectra of total transmittance (a) and absorptance (b) of UHMWPE films of varying draw ratios, including as-cast (blue), drawn to elongate by 20 times (teal), and by 60 times (red). The transmittance spectrum of a window glass is shown for comparison in (a) as the gray line. The inset to (b) shows results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the films. (c) Haze parameter in the visible spectral range of the undrawn and drawn UHMWPE films of varying crystallinity and thickness as in (a,b). (e) Infrared emittance spectra of the UHMWPE films compared to that of a window glass.
Fig. 3. (a-c) Photographs of the films of varying draw ratio and internal crystallinity, including undrawn (a), uniaxially drawn to elongate by 20 times (b) and by 60 times (c) UHMWPE films. (d-f) The corresponding SEM images of the UHMWPE films: undrawn (d), uniaxially drawn to elongate by 20 times (e) and by 60 times (f).
Fig. 4. (a-c) Optical images of the UHMWPE films dark-colored by embedding (a) CuO nanoparticles (CuO black: 30 nm-sized particles, 20 wt% filling, film thickness 28 micron, x20 drawn), (b) a blue dye (10 wt% filling, film thickness 180 micron, undrawn), and (c) Si nanoparticles (Si gray: 100 nm-sized particles, 20 wt% filling, film thickness 54 micron, x20 drawn). (d) Optical image of a black-painted paper sample used for comparison as a black surface. (e,f) Total spectral reflectance (e) and absorptance (f) of the visible and near-infrared light by the dark-colored films shown in panels a-c (teal lines: CuO black, gray lines: Si gray, blue lines: blue dye). The corresponding spectra of the black paper are shown for comparison as the black lines.
Fig. 5. (a-d) Optical images of the UHMWPE films light-colored by embedding (a) yellow dye (10 wt% filling, film thickness 8 micron, x20 drawn), (b) red dye (10 wt% filling, film thickness 14 micron, x20 drawn), (c) phosphorescent green pigment (10 wt% filling, film thickness 120 micron, undrawn), and (d) TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 white: 20 nm-sized particles, 20 wt% filling, film thickness 43 micron, x20 drawn). (e) Optical image of an aluminum sample used for comparison as a highly solar-reflective surface. (f,g) Total spectral reflectance (f) and absorptance (g) of the visible and near-infrared light by the light-colored films shown in panels a-d (yellow lines: yellow dye, red lines: red dye, teal lines: green pigment, blue lines: TiO2 white). The corresponding spectra of the aluminum foil are shown for comparison as the gray lines.
Fig. 6. (a) Steady-state temperatures in excess of the ambient temperature of 22 oC reached by the dark-colored samples in Figs. 4(a)-(d) under continuous illumination by an artificial sunlight. (b) Infrared emittance of the dark-colored films compared to that of the black paint.
Fig. 7. (a) Steady-state temperatures in excess of the ambient temperature of 22 oC reached by the light-colored samples in Figs. 5(a)-(e) under continuous illumination by an artificial sunlight. (b) Infrared emittance of the light-colored films compared to that of the aluminum foil.
Fig. 8. (a) An optical image of a black paper sample illuminated by a laser beam. (b) The corresponding infrared image of the same sample showing the spatial temperature distribution. (c) The infrared image of the Si gray film illuminated by the same laser beam revealing the heat spreading laterally along the film, reducing the hot spot temperature. (d) Comparison of the cost, weight and thermal conductivity of semi-crystalline UHMWPE films with the corresponding characteristics of other common materials.

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