Source: http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/353/353mass305.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 22:01:52+00:00

Document:
COMMONWEALTH vs. DAVID J. CUDDY (and nine companion cases [Note 1]).
Present: WILKINS, C.J., SPALDING, CUTTER, KIRK, SPIEGEL, & REARDON, JJ.
TEN INDICTMENTS found and returned in the Superior Court on April 7, 1967.
Certain questions were reported by Cahill, J.
Joseph J. Balliro for the defendants.
Robert Snider, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
instruments and for receiving stolen goods. Motions by the defendants to suppress evidence were heard before a judge of the Superior Court, at which hearing the evidence presented was based upon the face of the search warrant and the affidavits upon which the warrant was based. Two affidavits are involved, one pertaining to David Cuddy and one to Alberta Cuddy. As both are identical we shall refer only to the one pertaining to David Cuddy and our comments will apply with equal force to both. Three questions have been propounded: "1. Does the affidavit set forth sufficient facts to warrant a finding of probable cause to issue a search warrant? 2. Does the difference between the property sought to be searched for as described in the affidavit and the property described and authorized to be searched for by the search warrant require that the search and seizure be declared invalid? 3. Are there sufficient facts recited in the affidavit to justify a search and seizure incidental to a lawful arrest?"
assaulted and robbed him.  Sgt. Walsh and his brother officers know of their own knowledge that Cuddy and Baker are close associates.  The informant further stated that both Cuddy and Baker have guns used in this robbery and other crimes secreted in their homes. . . . Based upon the foregoing reliable information (and upon my personal knowledge) there is probable cause to believe that the property hereinafter described as: a tear gas gun, described as silver in color about 1 1/2" x 10", and other firearms . . . is stolen property and may be found (in the possession of David Cuddy or any other person) at the premises there situate and numbered 229 Marlboro St. City and further described as follows: as the fourth floor in a five story dwelling house, located at 229 Marlboro Street, City. . . .  The property for which I seek the issuance of a search warrant is the property described above."
The warrant itself authorized a search "of the rooms in the fourth story of a certain building . . . numbered two hundred and twenty-nine in Marlborough street, this being a five story brick building, (said building being occupied by one David Cuddy) and to search the person of said Cuddy" for property which the warrant described as "property or articles stolen, embezzled or obtained by false pretences, or described as follows: three twenty-two calibre revolvers, 1 twenty-five calibre pistol, 1 depositors money bag #134 containing cash and checks to the value of $3100. -- 1 tear gas gun, silver in color -- 1 1/2 inches by ten inches in size."
On the day of the issuance of the warrant, and by virtue of it, a large number of items were seized at 229 Marlborough Street, including various implements and tools (such as a pry bar, shears, hacksaw blade) customarily useful in the occupation of burglary, and including also several twenty-five calibre pistols and a number of twenty-two calibre revolvers, in addition to guns of other description and assorted ammunition.
contain more complete basic information, we are well aware that a purely conclusory affidavit will not suffice and that the underlying circumstances giving rise to the affiant's belief must be stated. Aguilar v. Texas, 378, U.S. 108. There also should be compliance with the requirements of G. L. c. 276, Section 2B. We are nonetheless mindful that we should view it "in a commonsense and realistic fashion." United States v. Ventresca, 380 U.S. 102, 108. The establishment of probable cause does not require evidence necessary to justify a criminal conviction, Commonwealth v. Lillis, 349 Mass. 422 , 424, United States v. Ventresca, supra, at p. 107, and may be hearsay as long as there is a "substantial basis for crediting the hearsay." Jones v. United States, 362 U.S. 257, 272. The affidavit is to be dealt with in its entirety and in our view the information which it contains, considered in toto, together with inferences which a magistrate reasonably could have drawn, afforded a proper basis for him to conclude the existence of probable cause. Commonwealth v. Moran, ante, 166.
affiant and his brother officers knew Cuddy and Baker to be close associates. While no underlying facts are stated to substantiate the knowledge of the police of them as "close associates," i.e., partners in crime, when such knowledge is taken in conjunction with information from the informant, who in other respects was proved reliable, that both had taken part in the robbery, it is our view that sufficient was set forth for the magistrate to conclude that a proper warrant might issue. See Commonwealth v. Moran, ante, 166. Compare Commonwealth v. Penta, 352 Mass. 271 , 274, where the affidavit set forth solely that the police officer had information or personal knowledge without any disclosure of its source. On balance we thus view the affidavit as complying with the requirements of G. L. c. 276, Section 2B, in so far as it establishes probable cause for the involvement of Cuddy. The language of the affidavit and the warrant was sufficient to justify a legal search and seizure of the items which it produced.
The more detailed description of the revolvers and the money bag found in the warrant is harmless in that it further narrows the scope of the permissible search, and the particular description is within the more general one contained in the affidavit. State v. Constanzo, 76 Idaho, 19, 22. The fact that the more particular description must have been given orally to the magistrate is of no consequence here in that the additional information had no bearing on the issue of probable cause. See Commonwealth v. Monosson, 351 Mass. 327 .
2. Since we hold that the affidavit and warrant justified a search and seizure, and since the items seized by authority of the warrant are such that, in the circumstances, probable cause for a legal arrest clearly came into being, it is plain that a search incident to the arrest was proper.
We thus answer question No. 1, "Yes"; No. 2, "No"; No. 3, "Yes."
[Note 1] Five of the companion cases are entitled Commonwealth v. David J. Cuddy and four are entitled Commonwealth v. Alberta A. Cuddy.

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