Source: http://imanagerpublications.com/viewarticles/10/798/Vol8Iss2
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 20:40:45+00:00

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* Junior Research Fellow and Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.
** Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India.
This paper optimizes the Wire-Electric Discharge Turning (EDT) process parameters for INCONEL 718 Nickel based super alloy via Taguchi-Grey Relation Analysis. The most significant factor has been identified through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique; subsequently, rotational speed, pulse on time, pulse off time, servo voltage, wire feed rate, and flushing pressure have been chosen as input factors. Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) are considered as response characteristics; thus experiments are conducted according to L18 mixed type Taguchi's orthogonal array. Also the optimal process parameters are evaluated and the results of the confirmation test are validated. Experimental result shows that there is performance improvement by 3.588% and decrement by 9.171% of MRR and surface roughness, respectively. The ANOVA has shown that pulse on time has the most significant effect on MRR and Ra.
. Haddad, M. J., & Tehrani, A. F. (2008). Material removal rate (MRR) study in the cylindrical wire electrical discharge turning (CWEDT) process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 199(1-3), 369-378.
. Hasani, H., Tabatabaei, S. A., & Amiri, G. (2012). Grey relational analysis to determine the optimum process parameters for open-end spinning yarns. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 7(2), 81-86.
. Krishnan, S. A., & Samuel, G. L. (2013). Multi-objective optimization of material removal rate and surface roughness in wire electrical discharge turning. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 67(9-12), 2021-2032.
. Kumar, K., & Ravikumar, R. (2013). Modeling and optimization of wire EDM process. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 3(3), 1645-1648.
. Manjaiah, M., Narendranath, S., Basavarajappa, S., & Gaitonde, V. N. (2014). Wire electric discharge machining characteristics of titanium nickel shape memory alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 24(10), 3201-3209.
. Muthuramalingam, T., & Mohan, B. (2013). Taguchigrey relational based multi response optimization of electrical process parameters in electrical discharge machining. Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Science, 20, 471-475.
. Pawar, K., & Palhade, R. D. (2015). Multi-objective Optimization of CNC Turning Process Parameters for High Speed Steel (M2) Using Taguchi and ANOVA Method. International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 8(4), 67-80.
. Raghuraman, S., Thiruppathi, K., Panneerselvam, T., & Santosh, S. (2013). Optimization of EDM parameters using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis for mild steel IS 2026. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(7), 3095-3104.
. Rai, K. B., & Dewan, P. R. (2014). Parametric optimization of WEDM using grey relational analysis with Taguchi method. International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology, 2(8), 109-116.
. Rajyalakshmi, G., & Ramaiah, D. P. V. (2012). Simulation, Modelling and Optimization of Process parameters of Wire EDM using Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis. International Journal of Advanced and Innovative Research.
. Rajyalakshmi, G., & Ramaiah, P. V. (2015). Application of Taguchi, fuzzy-grey relational analysis for process parameters optimization of WEDM on Inconel-825. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(35), 1-12.
. Rathi, M. G., & Mane, D. V. (2014). Study on effect of Powder Mixed dielectric in EDM of Inconel 718. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(11), 1-7.
. Selvam, M. D., Dawood, D. A. S., & Karuppusami, D. G. (2012). Optimization of machining parameters for face milling operation in a vertical CNC milling machine using genetic algorithm. IRACST-Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), 2(4), 544-548.
. Sharma, P., Chakradhar, D., & Narendranath, S. (2015). Evaluation of WEDM performance characteristics of Inconel 706 for turbine disk application. Materials & Design, 88, 558-566.
. Singh, P. N., Raghukandan, K., & Pai, B. C. (2004). Optimization by Grey relational analysis of EDM parameters on machining Al–10% SiCP composites. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155, 1658-1661.
*-*** Postgraduate in Product Design and Manufacturing, R V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
**** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering at R V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is emerging as an innovative technology distinguished from traditional manufacturing techniques because of its ability to produce complex, fully functioning and end-use products with great design flexibility. This technology is going to have utmost impact on future manufacturing industries. In the present research study, among the seven AM processes, laser based powder bed fusion (L- PBF) or selective laser sintering is gaining more importance due to its capability to process both metals and non-metals starting from metals to polymer and ceramics. Most L-PBF machines are imported and expensive. Hence R V College of Engineering and KCTU (Karnataka Council for Technological Upgradation) - Government of Karnataka have jointly developed an indigenous L-PBF machine, which has been utilized to conduct studies on effect of processing parameters on sintering of iron, silicon carbide, and polyethylene powders. Three key process parameters, laser power, hatch spacing, and scan speed were chosen for this study. The experiments have been conducted according to L9 orthogonal array based on Taguchi methodology of design of experiments adopted to determine the optimum sintering conditions for each of the three materials. Iron powder was optimally sintered with a laser power of 90 W, scan speed of 500 mm/s, hatch spacing of 0.1 mm, at spot size of 0.5 mm. Silicon Carbide powders were sintered with a laser power of 20 W, scan speed of 25 mm/s, hatch spacing of 0.4 mm, at spot size of 1 mm. Polyethylene powders were sintered using a laser power of 22.5 W, hatch spacing of 0.3 mm, Scan speed of 500 mm/s, at spot size of 1.5 mm. The influence of these parameters on energy density was 3 determined. In order to produce iron parts, an energy density of 18 J/mm was required, while in case of Silicon carbide 3 3 parts, it was 21 J/mm and for polyethylene, it was 1.5 J/mm .
. Bai, J., Zhang, B., Song, J., Bi, G., Wang, P., & Wei, J. (2016). The effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties of polyethylene produced by selective laser sintering. Polymer Testing, 52, 89-93.
. Calignano, F., Manfredi, D., Ambrosio, E. P., Biamino, S., Lombardi, M., Atzeni, E., ... & Fino, P. (2017). Overview on additive manufacturing technologies. Proceedings of the IEEE (Vol. 105(4), pp. 593-612).
. Ghosh, S. K., Bandyopadhyay, K., & Saha, P. (2014). Development of an in-situ multi-component reinforced Albased metal matrix composite by direct metal laser sintering technique-Optimization of process parameters. Materials Characterization, 93, 68-78.
. Gibson, I., Rosen, D. W., & Stucker, B. (2010). Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Springer, New York.
. Goodridge, R. D., Hague, R. J., & Tuck, C. J. (2010). An empirical study into laser sintering of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 210(1), 72-80.
. Goodridge, R. D., Shofner, M. L., Hague, R. J. M., McClelland, M., Schlea, M. R., Johnson, R. B., & Tuck, C. J. (2011). Processing of a Polyamide-12/carbon nanofibre composite by laser sintering. Polymer Testing, 30(1), 94- 100.
. Lee, H., Lim, C. H. J., Low, M. J., Tham, N., Murukeshan, V. M., & Kim, Y. J. (2017). Lasers in additive manufacturing: A review. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 4(3), 307-322.
. Pinker ton, A. J. (2016). Lasers in additive manufacturing. Optics & Laser Technology, 78, 25-32.
. Schmidt, M., Merklein, M., Bourell, D., Dimitrov, D., Hausotte, T., Wegener, K., ... & Levy, G. N. (2017). Laser based additive manufacturing in industry and academia. CIRP Annals, 66(2), 561-583.
. Shahzad, K., Deckers, J., Zhang, Z., Kruth, J. P., & Vleugels, J. (2014). Additive manufacturing of Zirconia parts by indirect selective laser sintering. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 34(1), 81-89.
. Uhlmann, E., Bergmann, A., & Gridin, W. (2015). Investigation on Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt by Selective Laser Melting. Procedia CIRP, 35, 8-15.
. Wong, K. V., & Hernandez, A. (2012). A review of additive manufacturing. International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2012, Article ID 208760, 1-10. doi:10.5402/2012/208760.
. Zhou, X., Liu, X., Zhang, D., Shen, Z., & Liu, W. (2015). Balling phenomena in selective laser melted Tungsten. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 222, 33-42.
* Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
** Postgraduate, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
This paper elucidates the effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system on the surface quality achieved during face milling of AISI 1045 steel components over the conventional flooded cooling system. This work was completed in a FANUC arrangement CNC Vertical Machining Centre (VMC) with three TiN coated carbide inserts of 0.4 mm nose radius adjusted into a face milling cutter of 25 mm in diameter. The machining parameters considered in this investigation are 4 number of passes, depth of cut, spindle speed, and feed rate. The experiments were planned based on Taguchi's L (3 ) 9 orthogonal array. The surface roughness of the machined components is measured using a surface roughness tester and subsequently, a mathematical model is developed for the average surface roughness values through regression analysis for both the machining conditions. The significance of the selected machining parameters and their levels of surface roughness are found by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that machining under MQL condition provides better product surface quality than the machined product surface quality under flooded condition.
. Astakhov, V. P. (2008). Ecological machining: Near-dry machining. In Machining: Fundamentals and Recent Advances (pp. 195-223). London: Springer.
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. Balakumar, S., Selvam, M. D., & Nelson, A. J. R. (2018). Wear and Friction Characteristics of Aluminium Matrix Composites reinforced with Flyash/Cu/Gr particles, International Journal of ChemTech Research, 11(1), 121- 133.
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. Boswell, B., & Islam, M. N. (2013). The challenge of adopting minimal quantities of lubrication for end milling aluminium. In Yang, G. C., Ao, S., & Gelman, L. (Eds), IAENG Transactions on Engineering Technologies (pp. 713-724). Springer Netherlands.
. Boubekri, N., Shaikh, V., & Foster, P. R. (2010). A technology enabler for green machining: Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 21(5), 556-566.
. Caldeirani Filho, J., & Diniz, A. E. (2002). Influence of cutting conditions on tool life, tool wear and surface finish in the face milling process. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences, 24(1), 10-14.
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. Debnath, S., Reddy, M. M., & Yi, Q. S. (2014). Environmental friendly cutting fluids and cooling techniques in machining: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 83, 33-47.
. Elmunafi, M. H. S., Kurniawan, D., & Noordin, M. Y. (2015). Use of castor oil as cutting fluid in machining of hardened stainless steel with minimum quantity of lubricant. Procedia CIRP, 26, 408-411.
. Hamdan, A., Sarhan, A. A., & Hamdi, M. (2012). An optimization method of the machining parameters in highspeed machining of stainless steel using coated carbide tool for best surface finish. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 58(1), 81-91.
. Islam, M. N., Anggono, J. M., Pramanik, A., & Boswell, B. (2013). Effect of cooling methods on dimensional accuracy and surface finish of a turned titanium part. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 69(9-12), 2711-2722.
. Kurgin, S., Dasch, J. M., Simon, D. L., Barber, G. C., & Zou, Q. (2012). Evaluation of the convective heat transfer coefficient for Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 64, 376-386.
. Le Coz, G., Marinescu, M., Devillez, A., Dudzinski, D., & Velnom, L. (2012). Measuring temperature of rotating cutting tools: Application to MQL drilling and dry milling of aerospace alloys. Applied Thermal Engineering, 36, 434- 441.
. Leppert, T. (2011). Effect of cooling and lubrication conditions on surface topography and turning process of C45 steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 51, 120-126.
. Mahto, D., & Kumar, A. (2008). Optimization of process parameters in vertical CNC mill machines using Taguchi's design of experiments. Arab Research Institute in Sciences & Engineering, 4(2), 61-75.
. Montgomery, D. C. (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley & Sons.
. Prasath. K., R. Prasanna, & Selvam, M. D. (2018). Optimization of process parameters in wire cut EDM of mild steel and stainless steel using robust design. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 11(1), 83-91.
. Rahim, E. A., & Sasahara, H. (2011). An analysis of surface integrity when drilling Inconel 718 using palm oil and synthetic ester under MQL condition. Machining Science and Technology, 15(1), 76-90.
. Raynor, P. C., Kim, S. W., & Bhattacharya, M. (2005). Mist generation from metalworking fluids formulated using vegetable oils. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 49(4), 283-293.
. Ruibin, X., & Wu, H. (2016). Study on cutting mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V in ultra-precision machining. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 86(5-8), 1311-1317.
. Schwarz, M., Dado, M., Hnilica, R., & Veverková, D. (2015). Environmental and health aspects of metalworking fluid use. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 24(1), 37- 45.
. Selvam, M. D., & Senthil, P. (2016). Investigation on the effect of turning operation on surface roughness of hardened C45 carbon steel. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 14(2), 131-137.
. Selvam, M. D., & Sivaram, N. M. (2017a). Optimal Parameter design by Taguchi Method for Mechanical Properties of Al6061 Hybrid Composite Reinforced with Fly Ash/Graphite/Copper. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 10(13), 128-137.
. Selvam, M. D., & Sivaram, N. M. (2017b). The effectiveness of various cutting fluids on the Surface Roughness of AISI 1045 Steel during Turning Operation using Minimum Quantity Lubrication System. i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 13(1), 36-43.
. Selvam, M. D., Senthil, P., & Sivaram, N. M. (2017). Parametric optimisation for surface roughness of AISI 4340 steel during turning under near dry machining condition. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, 19(6), 554-569.
. Selvam, M. D., Srinivasan, V., & Sekar, C. B. (2014). An attempt to minimize lubricants in various metal cutting processes. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(22), 7688-7692.
. Sharma, A. K., Tiwari, A. K., & Dixit, A. R. (2016). Effects of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) in machining processes using conventional and nanofluid based cutting fluids: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 1-18.
. Tsao, C. C. (2009). Grey-Taguchi method to optimize the milling parameters of aluminum alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 40(1-2), 41-48.
. Walker, T. (2015). The MQL Handbook: A guide to machining with Minimum Quantity Lubrication. Unist, Inc.
. Yang, J. L., & Chen, J. C. (2001). A systematic approach for identifying optimum surface roughness performance in end-milling operations. Journal of Industrial Technology, 17(2), 1-8.
* Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Secunderabad, India.
** Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, St Martin's Engineering College, Secunderabad, India.
*** PG Scholar (Design for Manufacturing), Sri Sai Educational Institutions, Kodad, Telengana, India.
**** Graduate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India.
The experimental work carried out gives an idea of utilizing the recovered energy from the domestic pressure cooker for converting the steam power released at high pressure into the other form of electric power with the self-prepared setup. In this concept, the method of saving energy by means of recovering, and using of insulator for reducing the heat losses are applied. The reduction of time of heating is achieved by copper coating at the bottom of the pressure cooker, which helps the heat transfer from the burner to the sterilizer vessel fastly, so that the loss of heat from the burner to the vessel and overall heat losses in the entire setup are optimized to run the experiment successfully. The setup not only converts the energy, but also helps to minimize the time of cooking and reduction of fuel usage, as it is the major requisite in our day to day life for cost minimization too. The combination of reducing the enthalpy losses through steam and guiding the pressure of dissipated steam on to the turbine is carried out for achieving the aim of the work.
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* Senior Mechanical Engineer & CFD Specialist, Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
** Mechanical Engineer, Dar Al-Handasah Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
*** Senior Mechanical Engineer & CFD Specialist, Dar Al-Handasah Consultants (Shair and Partners), Beirut, Lebanon.
During the last few decades, building designs for all kinds of high occupancy spaces, such as hotels, shopping centers, hospitals, stadia, and airport terminals have undergone significant changes, in order to meet the ever-increasing demand for efficiency, comfort and safety in case of emergencies in larger and ever more complex projects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have proven to be a flexible and effective numerical tool for developing, optimizing and validating tailored solutions in increasingly complex and demanding projects. At Dar Al- Handasah (Shair and Partners), an architecture and engineering design firm founded in 1956, and a pioneering force in the planning, design and implementation of development projects in the Middle East, Africa and Asia, these CFD simulations are extensively used at an early phase in the design process to support the design. Indeed, simulations are used as an optimization and validation tool to develop innovative designs incorporating energy-saving and safety measures geared toward decreasing the overall facility's energy costs, while improving occupant comfort and safety. This paper will showcase the use of CFD simulations using ANSYS FLUENT in the design and optimization of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC), and smoke management systems for a typical high-ceilinged and high-density assembly space. Specifically, the simulations are used to predict local conditions, such as flow field, temperature and relative humidity distributions and optimize HVAC design parameters, such as supply air flow and size/distribution of outlets to maintain a comfortable thermal environment in normal mode of operation. In case of an emergency fire event, the simulations will help visualize the spread of smoke and optimize the emergency ventilation parameters to avoid causalities and ensure the safe evacuation of occupants in compliance with applicable international fire and life safety codes.
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* Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management (RCOEM),Nagpur, India.
** Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management (RCOEM),Nagpur, India.
Decision to install and commission a modern lift or an elevator in institutional, commercial, or residential building has been considered to be a challenging task. The project assignment does not only involve a multidisciplinary expertise, but also requires permissions and approvals from various government and private authorities like Municipal Corporation, Public Works Department (PWD), Architect, Structural Engineer, etc. Despite the vast, wide spread of the intricacies of the topic, this article intends to provide the readers with some general and a few detailed important factors while making decisions towards lift installations. Numerous options of elevators are available in the market with different qualities and costs, which make the selection process a difficult task. Selecting a lift signifies to be a Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem and it is illustrated that the decision can be effectively addressed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The article intends to present some useful tips that can be adopted while installing the elevators to the technical decision makers.
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*-** Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering & Research, Nashik, India.
***-**** UG Scholar, Department of Chemical Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik, India.
There is a need for the growing generation to find new and alternate energy sources instead of conventional depleting energy resources. The increasing environmental pollution due to conventional fuels has taken interest to search for new alternative sources that are environmental friendly and can replace the conventional fuels such as biodiesel. The biodiesel can best and efficiently produced using waste cooking oils. Waste cooking oils generally we get from restaurants are commonly just thrown away. Those oils do not have any treatment first, and it pollutes the environment. One of the ways to treat the waste oil is by converting it to biodiesel. The main aim of this review is to show the comparative study of production of biodiesel by the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and various modern refining processes to refine the biodiesel. The biodiesel is obtained by reacting waste cooking oil along with alcohol in the presence of NaOH or KOH as base catalyst.
. Ahire, M. K., Trivedi, M. J., & Pawar, K. R. (2015a). Studies on development of Refining process for Biodiesel using Membrane Separation Technique. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 2(9), 26-29.
. Ahire, M. K., Sapkala, V. S., & Sapkala, R. S. (2015b). Studies on Development of Refining process for Biodiesel (FAME) using Membrane. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 2(4), 98-102.
. Ahire, M. K., Joshi, P. P., & Adke, N. (2015c). Studies on Development of Refining process for Biodiesel using polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 2(9), 15-19.
. AlSuleimani, H. K., & Dwivedi, P. B. (2014). Microwave assisted Trans-esterification of waste cooking oil in presence of Alkali Catalyst. International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management, 2(4), 145-148.
. Atadashi, I. M., Aroua, M. K., Aziz, A. A., & Sulaiman, N. M. N. (2011). Refining technologies for the purification of crude biodiesel. Applied Energy, 88(12), 4239-4251.
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. Elkady, M. F., Zaatout, A., & Balbaa, O. (2015). Production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil via KM micromixer. Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 630168, 1-9.
. Fadhil, A. B., Dheyab, M. M., & Abdul-Qader, A. Q. Y. (2012). Purification of biodiesel using activated carbons produced from spent tea waste. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 11(1), 45-49.
. Gashaw, A., & Lakachew, A. (2014). Production of biodiesel from non-edible oil and its properties. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 3(4), 1544-1562.
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