Source: http://www.learncbse.in/electricity-chapter-wise-important-questions-class-10-science/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 10:38:46+00:00

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Electricity Chapter wise important question for Class 10 Science will help you in scoring more marks.. This consists of 1 mark Questions, 3 Mark Numericals Questions, 5 Marks Numerical Questions and previous year questions from Electricity Chapter.
1. Write S.I. unit of resistivity.
2.(i) Draw a closed circuit diagram consisting of a 0.5 m long nichrome wire XY, an ammeter, a voltmeter, four cells of 1.5 V each and a plug key.
What would be the values of V /I ratios when the potential difference is 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V respectively? What conclusion do you draw from these values?
3.Study the following electric circuit and find (i) the current flowing in the circuit and (ii) the potential difference across 10 Ω resistor.
4. Find the current drawn from the battery by the network of four resistors Shown in the figure.
5. What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a conductor electrons are flowing from B to A. What is the direction of conventional current? Give justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the number of electrons that flows through any section of the conductor in 1 second. (Charge on electron 1.6 X 10-19 coulomb).
Electric Current: The amount of charge ‘Q’ flowing through a particular area of cross section in unit time ‘t’ is called electric current, i.e.
SI unit of electric current is ampere.
One ampere of current is that current which flow when one coulomb of electric charge flowing through a particular area of cross-section of the conductor in one second, i.e. 1A = 1 Cs-1.
The direction of conventional current is A to B, i.e. opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. In a metal, flow of electrons carrying negative charge constitutes the current. Direction of flow of electrons gives the direction of electronic current by convention, the direction of flow of positive charge is taken as the direction of conventional current.
6.What is meant by electrical resistivity of a material? Derive its S.I. unit. Describe an experiment to study the factor on which the resistance of a conducting wire depends.
Aim : To study the factors on which resistance of conducting wires depends. Apparatus Required : A cell, an ammeter, nichrome wires of different length but same area of cross-section (thickness), nichrome wires of same length but different thickness, copper and iron wire of the same length and same thickness as that of any nichrome wire.
Connect the cell, an ammeter and plug key in series with nichrome wire of length T (marked 1) in the gap XY as shown.
Close the key and note the reading of ammeter. It measures the current ‘I’1 through the nichrome wire (marked ‘1’).
Replace the marked 1 wire with another nichrome wire having same area of cross-section (thickness) but of double length’2l’ (marked 2).
Note the ammeter reading (I2) again after closing the key.
Again replace the marked 2 wire with marked 3 wire which has the same length but is thicker than marked 1 and 2 nichrome wires. Again note down the current (I3) through this wire.
Unplug the key. Remove marked 3 nichrome wire from the gap XY. Connect the copper wire marked 4 having same length and same area of cross-section as that of nichrome wire marked 1. .
Plug the key again and note the ammeter reading. It measures the current (I4) through copper wire.
Repeat the experiment with iron wire and measure the current (I5).
i. e., nichrome is used.
Current I4 and I5 is different for copper and iron wire.
Different wires drew different amount of current from the same cell.
First observation indicates that the resistance of the conductor increases with increase in length. So, resistance is directly proportional to length.
Second observation shows that thicker wires have lesser resistance. So, resistance is inversely proportional to area of cross section of the wire.
Third observation shows that resistance of the conductor depends on the nature of its material.
7. (a) Write two points of difference between electric energy and electric power. (6) Out of 60 W and 40 W lamps, which one has higher electrical resistance when in use.
(c) What is the commercial unit of electric energy? Convert it into joules.
i.e. less the power of electrical device, higher is its electrical resistance.
8.State Ohm’s law. Write the necessary conditions for its validity. How is this law verified experimentally? What will be the nature of graph between potential difference and current for a conductor? Name the physical quantity that can be obtained from this graph.
temperature of the conductor remains same.
(i) Complete the circuit by connecting one cell in the gap XY. Plug the key.
(ii) Note the reading in the ammeter for the current I and in the voltmeter for the potential difference, (V) across the nichrome wire.
(v) Find the ratio of F to / for each observation.
(vi) Plot a graph between V (y-axis) and I (x-axis).
Voltmeter and ammeter reading increases as the number > of cells increase in series.
Same value of V/I is obtained in each case.
V-I graph is a straight line passing through the origin of the graph as shown.
Conclusion : Straight line nature of graph shows that the current is proportional to the potential difference. Hence, Ohm’s law verified. The slope of V-I graph gives the value of resistance of the conductor at the given temperature.
9. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.
10.Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the amount of energy consumed in carrying a charge of 1 coulomb through a battery of 3 V.
11. V-I graph for two wires A and B are shown in the figure. If both wires are of same length and same thickness, which of the two is made of a material of high resistivity? Give justification for your answer.
Answer. Greater than slope of V-I graph, greater will be the resistance of given metallic wire. In the given graph, wire A has greater slope then B. Hence, wire A has greater resistance.
For the wires of same length and same thickness, resistance depends on the nature of material of the wire, i.e.
12.Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in series with a battery (E), a rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter (A) using standard circuit symbol. Use this circuit to show that the same current flows through every part of the circuit. List two precautions you would observe while performing the experiment.
Aim: Same current flows through every part of the above circuit.
Connect ammeters, ‘A’1 between B and C, and ‘A2’ between D and E.
Adjust the sliding contact of the rheostat initially for a small current.
The current in the circuit is now increased by changing the position of sliding contact J’ of the rheostat.
Note all the ammeter readings each time.
Conclusion: Same reading of all the ammeter in each observation concluded that same current flows through every part of the circuit.
All the connection should be tight and properly connected as per circuit diagram.
The positive terminal of the ammeter and voltmeter must be connected to the positive terminal of the battery or battery eliminator.
So, for different materials having same resistance per unit length, greater resistivity material wire has more cross-sectional area.
Hence, wire A is thicker than that of B.
14. (a) Define electric power. Express it in terms of potential difference V and resistance R.
(b) An electrical fuse is rated at 2 A. What is meant by this statement?
(c) An electric iron of 1 kW is operated at 220 V. Find which of the following fuses that respectively rated at 1 A,3 A and 5 A can be used in it.
(a) Electric power: It is the rate of doing work by an energy source or the rate at which the electrical energy is dissipated or consumed per unit time in the electric circuit is called electric power.
(b) It means, the maximum current will flow through it is only 2 A. Fuse wire will melt if the current exceeds 2 A value through it.
16. State difference between the wire used in the element of an electric heater and in a fuse wire.
Answer. The wire used in the element of electric heater has a high resistivity and have a high melting point, i.e. even at a high temperature element do not burn while fuse wire have a low melting point and high resistivity.
17.The figure below shows three cylindrical copper conductors along with their face areas and lengths. Discuss in which geometrical shape the resistance will be highest.
18.Find the current flowing through the following electric circuit.
19. An electric bulb of resistance 200Ω draws a current of 1 Ampere. Calculate the power of the bulb the potential difference at its ends and the energy in kWh consumed burning it for 5h.
20. (a) Calculate the resistance of 1 km long copper wire of radius 1 mm. Resistivity of the copper is 1.72 x 10-8 Ω m.
21.When a high resistance voltmeter is connected directly across a resister its reading is 2 V. An electric cell is sending the current of 0.4 A, (measured by an ammeter) in the electric circuit in which a rheostat is also connected to vary the current.
(a) Draw an equivalent labelled circuit for the given data.
(b) Find the resistance of the resister.
(c) Name and state the law applicable in the given case. A graph is drawn between a set of values of potential difference (V) across the resister and current (I) flowing through it. Show the nature of graph thus obtained.
22. How much current will an electric bulb draw from 220 V source if the resistance of the bulb is 1200Ω? If in place of bulb, a heater of resistance 100 Ω is connected to the sources, calculate the current drawn by it.
23.Draw a schematic diagrams of an electric circuit comprising of 3 cells and an electric bulb, ammeter, plug-key in the ON mode and another with same components but with two bulbs in parallel and a voltmeter across the combination.
24. Out of the two wires X and Y shown below, which one has greater resistance? Justify your answer.
Answer. Wire ‘Y’ has greater resistance as it has more length than wire ‘X’. It is because resistance of wire is directly proportional to the length of wire.
25. Two identical wires one of nichrome and other of copper are connected in series and a current (I) is passed through them. State the change observed in the temperatures of the two wires. Justify your answer. State the law which explains the above observation.
Answer. The resistivity of nichrome is more than that of copper so its resistance is also high. Therefore, large amount of heat is produced in the nichrome wire for the same current as compared to that of copper wire. Accordingly, more change in temperature is observed in the nichrome wire. This is explained by Joule’s law of heating.
27. Three bulbs each having power P are connected in series in an electric circuit. In another circuit, another set of three bulbs of same power are connected in parallel to the same source.
(i) Will the bulbs in both the circuits glow with the same brightness? Justify your answer.
(ii) Now let one bulb in each circuit get fused. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Give reason.
(iii) Representing each bulb by a resistor, draw circuit diagram for each case.
(a) each bulb gets same voltage and is equal to the applied voltage.
(b) each bulb draws required current from the mains. Hence, they work properly.
In series: Rest of the bulbs will not glow. This is because in series arrangement, there is only a single path for the flow of current.
(b) different paths are available for the flow of current.
28. (a) Though same current flows through the electric line wires and the filament of bulb, yet only the filament glows. Why?
(b) The temperature of the filament of bulb is 2700°C when it glows. Why does it not get burnt up at such high temperature?
that should be used for the electric iron.
they do not glow because negligible heat is produced in it.
heat produced, as it offers high resistance to the flow of current through it.
(c) Given: I = 0.25 A, t = 4 h = 4 x 60 x 60 sec.
So, the capacity of the fuse that should be used for the electric iron is of the order of 10 A.
In the given circuit, connect a nichrome wire of length ‘L’ between points X and Y and note the ammeter reading.
(i) When this experiment is repeated by inserting another nichrome wire of the same thickness but twice the length (2L), what changes are observed in the ammeter reading?
(ii) State the changes that are observed in the ammeter reading if we double the area of cross-section without changing the length in the above experiment. Justify your answer in both the cases.
(b) “Potential difference between points A and B in an electric field is 1 V”. Explain the above statement.
=> i.e. when length is doubled, the resistance is doubled, this means the current is halved.
So, when A is double, resistance becomes half, current will be doubled. (b) “Potential difference between points A and B in an electric field is 1 V”. It means 1 J work is done in moving 1 C of charge from point B to point A in an electric field.
30. How is an ammeter connected in a circuit to measure current flowing through it?
31. What happens to resistance of a conductor when its area of cross-section is increased?
32. A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and this process is repeated once again. By what factor does the resistance of the wire change?
Answer. Am. Length becomes one-fourth of the original length and area of cross-section becomes four times that of original.
So, new resistance is (1/16)th of original resistance.
33.A 9Ω resistance is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel. Find the equivalent resistance of the combination.
34.An electric iron has a rating of 750 W, 220 V. Calculate the (i) current flowing through it, and (ii) its resistance when in use.
35.(a) What do the following circuit symbols represent?
(b) The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V when it draws a current of 4 A from the source. Find the resistance of heater when in use.
(a) (i) Wires crossing without touching each other.
(b) Given: V = 60 V, I = 4 A, R = ?
36.The charge possessed by an electron is 1.6 X 10-19 coulombs. Find the number of electrons that will flow per second to constitute a current of 1 ampere.
37.Explain the role of fuse in series with any electrical appliance in an electric circuit. Why should a fuse with defined rating for an electric circuit not be replaced by one with a larger rating?
Answer. Fuse wire is a safety device connected in series with the live wire of circuit. It has high resistivity and low melting point. It melts when a sudden urge of large current passes through it and disconnects the entire circuit from the electrical supply. But, in case if we use a larger rating instead of a defined rating, then it will not protect the circuit as high current will easily pass through it and it will not melt.
38.The wattage of a bulb is 24 W when it is connected to a 12 V battery. Calculate its effective wattage if it operates on a 6 V battery (Neglect the change in resistance due to unequal heating of the filament in the two cases).
39.Consider the following circuit diagram. If R1 = R2 =R3 = R4= R5 = 3 Ω, find the equivalent resistance(Rs) of the circuit.
40. A torch bulb is rated 2.5 V and 750 mA. Calculate (i) its power, (ii) its resistance and (iii) the energy consumed, if this bulb is lighted for four hours.
41.Series arrangements are not used for domestic circuits. List any three reasons.
The electrical appliances need current of widely different values to operate properly.
In series arrangement, when one component fails, the circuit is broken and none of the components works.
All electrical appliances work at a constant voltage. But in series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit and potential is different across the different components. So, series arrangement is not suitable for domestic circuits.
(a) same wattage are connected in series.
(b) same wattage are connected in parallel.
(c) different wattage are connected in series.
(d) different wattage are connected in parallel.
Answer. (a) For identical bulbs in series- same current, same potential difference.
(b) For identical bulbs in parallel- same potential difference, different current.
(c) For unidentical bulbs in series- same current, different potential difference.
(d) For unidentical bulbs in parallel- different current, same potential difference.
43. Two devices of rating 44 W, 220 V and 11 W, 220 V are connected in series. The combination is connected across a 440 V mains. The fuse of which of the two devices is likely to burn when the switch is ON? Justify your answer.
44.Five resistors are connected in a circuit as shown. Find the ammeter reading when circuit is closed.
45.Study the circuit shown in which three identical bulbs B1, B2 and B3 are connected in parallel with a battery of 4.5 V.
(i) What will happen to the glow of other two bulbs if the bulb B3 gets fused?
(ii) If the wattage of each bulb is 1.5 W, how much reading will the ammeter A show when all the three bulbs glow simultaneously?
(iii) Find the total resistance of the circuit.
(i) The glow of other two bulbs remains the same.
(ii)In parallel combination, potential difference across each resistance will remain same.
Therefore, when all the three bulbs glow simultaneously, the ammeter A shows 1 A reading.
46.A circuit is shown in the diagram given below.
(a) Find the value of R.
(b) Find the reading of the ammeter.
(c) Find the potential difference across the terminals of the battery.
47.Consider the circuit shown in the diagram. Find the current in 3Ω resistor.
(i) Which one of these is the best conductor?
(ii) f all the conductors are of same length and same material, which is the thickest?
(iii)If all the conductors are of same thickness and of same material, which is the longest?
their materials are different which one would you use as (a) resistance wire (b) connecting wire?
(v) Which one of the following relations is true for these conductors?
(a) less than that of A. (b) more than that of A.
(c) between A and B. (d) more than that of D.
(a) lesser than that of A. (b) more than that of D.
(c) between C and D. (d) between B and C.
(iii)Resistance oC length. So, A is the longest.
(v) Option (a) is correct.
graph, slope of series combination would be less than that of A.
On examine the above observations, the teacher asked the student to reject one set of readings as the values were out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the above sets of readings can be rejected? Calculate the mean value of resistance of the resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings.
Answer. The third reading for V = 3.0 volt and I — 0.6 A will be rejected as it has larger deviation from the rest of the readings.
The value of resistance in the other four observations will be I (using R = V/I) 10Ω, 11 Ω, 10 Ω and 10.67 Ω.
50. Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram, how will you find the resistance of a combination of three resistors, of resistance R1, R2 and R3 joined in parallel. Also mention how will you connect the ammeter and the voltmeter in the circuit while measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of the three resistors of the combination.
Connect the three given resistor R1, R2 and R?i in parallel between the point XY with a battery, a plug key and ammeter in series as shown in figure.
Connect voltmeter in parallel with these resistors between the terminals X and Y.
Close the key and note the ammeter and voltmeter reading. Ammeter shows the total current drawn by the parallel combination of these resistors while voltmeter shows the voltage applied across the combination.
To find the current flow through any one of the resistor, ammeter will be connected in series with that resistor and to measure the potential difference across that resistor, voltmeter must be connected in parallel with that resistor as shown.
51. Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current T flowing for a time interval ‘£’ through a resistor ‘R’ having a potential difference ‘V’ across its ends. With which name is the relation known? How much heat will an instrument of 12 W produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12 V?
Answer. Heat produced in a conductor: Consider a wire AB having a resistance ‘R’ connected across the terminals of a cell. Let V be the potential difference applied by cell across the ends of a wire.
(a) Which two resistors are connected in series?
(b) Which two resistors are connected in parallel?
(c) If every resistor of the circuit is of 2 Ω, what current will flow in the circuit?
Answer. Consider the following parallel circuit shown below: Let I1, I2 and I3 be the current flow through the resistor R1, R2 and R3 connected in parallel.
53. Two resistors of 10 Ω and 15 Ω are connected in series to a battery of 6 V. How can the values of current passing through them be compared?
Answer. In series, same current flows through each resistor. So, ratio of current is 1 : 1.
54, A wire of resistance 20 Ω is bent to form a closed square. What is the resistance across a diagonal of the square?
55.Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit consisting of a battery of five 2 V cells, a 20 Ω resistor, a 30 Ω resistor, a plug key, all connected in series. Calculate the value of current flowing through the 20 Ω resistor and the power consumed by the 30 Ωresistor.
56. A piece of wire of resistance 20 Ω is drawn out so that its length is increased to twice its original length. Calculate the resistance of the wire in the new Situation.
57. What is an electric circuit? Distinguish between an open and a closed circuit.
Answer. An arrangement for maintaining the continuous flow of electric current by the electrical energy source through the various electrical components connected with each other by conducting wires is termed as electric circuit.
An open circuit does not carry any current, while a closed circuit carries current.
(a) How will you connect the resistances in each case ?
(b) Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases.
(a) As current is inversely proportional to resistance for the same voltage. So, to get maximum current, the equivalent resistance has to be less. This means the resistors must be connected in parallel.
59.(a) Define the term ‘volt’.
(b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric circuit.
Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of a battery if 100 J of work is required to transfer 20 C of charge from one terminal of the battery to the other.
(a) When 1 joule of work is done in carrying 1 coulomb of charge, from infinity to a point in the electric field, then potential at that point is called 1 volt.
60.(a) Define the term ‘coulomb’.
(b) State the relationship between the electric current, the charge moving through a conductor and the time of flow.
Calculate the charge passing through an electric bulb in 20 minutes if the value of current is 200 mA.
(a) When 1 A current flows across the wire in 1 second, the charge transfer across its ends is said to be 1 coulomb.
61.(a) How is the direction of electric current related to the direction of flow of electrons in a wire?
(b) Calculate the current in a circuit if 500 C of charge passes through it in 10 minutes.
(a) Conventional direction of electric current is opposite to the direction of flow of electrons in a wire.
combination, and the combination may be connected to a battery of 6 volts. In which combination, will the potential difference acrossR1 and across R2 be the same and in which combination, will the current through R1 and through R2 be the same?
(iii) the voltage across 7 Ω resistor.
Answer. (a) Potential difference across R1 and R2 is same in parallel combination of R1 and R2 and the current through R1 and R2 will be same when they are connected in series.

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