Source: https://judoinfo.com/research5/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 01:05:32+00:00

Document:
FRANCHINI, E.1; NAKAMURA, F. Y.2; TAKITO, M. Y.3; KISS, M. A. P. D. M.4 , STERKOWICZ S. 5.
– PhD, Professor of Department of Combat Sports, APE-KP.
The present study objectified to verify if there was difference in the performance of a specific anaerobic lactic test of judo in athletes of different age groups (Juvenile, Junior and Senior) submitted to same training. The sample was constituted of 06 judoists of the Juvenile class, 05 judoists of the Junior class and 06 judoists of the Senior class, that agreed in participating of the research after informed consent. The test was accomplished as proposed by STERKOWICZ (1995) and the data were analyzed through an ANOVA one way followed by Tukey test when found significant difference. It was not found any difference among the groups in the performance of the test, indicating that athletes with superior age to 16 years submitted to the same training type tend to have similar performance in the test proposed by STERKOWICZ (1995).Those findings needs further research, yet.
Judo is a sport that requests high level of physical and psychological preparation, technique and tactics (LITTLE, 1991). Some studies have been approaching these aspects (CALLISTER et al, 1991; CASTARLENAS & PLANAS, 1997; EBINE, YONEDA & HASE, 1991; HAN, 1996; THOMAS et al., 1989), but few works have been accomplished in the order of obtaining a specific test to evaluate judo athletes (NUNES, 1997). Combat sports as the wrestling already present specific tests for the athletes’s evaluation (KLINZING & KARPOWICZ, 1986; UTTER et al., 1997).
STERKOWICZ (1995) proposed a specific test to evaluate the judo athlete’s physical condition. This test, of intermittent character, has as great advantage the fact of using a specific movement of the modality (ippon-seoi-nage). However, no study objectified to verify differences in the index proposed by STERKOWICZ (1995) in athletes of different age groups.
The objective of this work was to verify if there was a difference in the performance during the test proposed by STERKOWICZ (1995) in athletes submitted to the same training type but of different age groups (Juvenile, Junior and Senior).
Seventeen (17) judoists (06 Juvenile; 05 Juniors and 06 Seniors) participated in this study after they sign term of informed consent.
Therefore as smaller the better index the performance in the test.
The heart rate was obtained through the use of the POLAR Night Vision.
It was used the statistical package Statistica for Windows version 4.2 Statsoft Inc. 1993 to the parametric analysis ANOVA one way proceeded by Tukey test. The level of significance adopted was p < 0,05.
Table 01: Age (years) and body mass (kg) of the juvenile, junior and senior groups.
Table 02: Performance in the test of STERKOWICZ (1995) for judoists of different classes.
The Table 03 presents the perception of the likeness of the fatigue after the test and the fatigue after a fight of 4 minutes, and the perception of the fatigue after the test and the fatigue after a training of 1 hour and 30min.
Table 03: Distribution (%) of the perception of the likeness among the fatigue after the test and the fatigue after a fight of 4 minutes and distribution (%) of the perception of the likeness among the fatigue after the test and the fatigue after a training of 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Starting from the statistical analysis it was verified that the groups didn’t differ to each other with relationship to the body mass, but just with relationship to the age, indicating that the performance in the test didn’t suffer influence of the body mass. Any type of difference was not verified in any of the variables of the test (throws in the phase A – 15s, throws in the phase B – 30s, throws in the phase C – 30s, total of throws, heart rate in the end of the test, heart rate after one minute and index). This way, it can be noticed that athletes with superior age to 16 years of age submitted to the same training type tend to have similar performance in the test proposed by STERKOWICZ (1995).
Figure 01: Number of throws in each one of the periods for Polish judoists of the study of STERKOWICZ (1995) and for the one of this study.
Figure 02: Heart rate immediately after and 1 minute after the test for Polish judoists investigated by STERKOWICZ (1995) and for the one of this study.
Figure 03: Final index for judoists investigated by STERKOWICZ (1995) and the one of this study.
These data must be interpreted with caution, because SIKORSKI et al. (1987) found that during the judo contests sequences of work are usually not longer that 30s and breaks are three times shorter and competitors of light weights categories attack more often than judoists of heavier categories. The techniques most often applied in competitions of the highest range were Seoi nage. In addition we would like to quote another work results (STERKOWICZ 1996) in which the same twenty Polish seniors participated. Measurements for special test were taken four days before Polish Championship. After the tournament judoists were divided by two levels of competition achievements. The group of higher achievements H (n = 10) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in comparison to lower achievements group L (n = 10) in number of throws: sets B were 11±1,82 – 9,8±0,91 and C = 10,3±1,64 – 9,0±0,67 and Total of throws = 27,4±4,76 – 24,0±2,0). HR after test was 177,0±9,49 – 181,8±6,36 beats/min, HR after 1 min rest was 129,6±7,04 – 135,6±4,19 beats/min, and as a consequence lower, i.e. better index 11,57±2,52 – 13,28±1,34. So, in practice of interval training group H can start after 1 min rest, whereas group L have to wait, yet. From practical point of view it was interesting relationship between index of 20 competitors and their rank at All Polish Individual Championship tournament results, too (Spearman rank correlation was 0,64 (p < 0,01)).
Another important aspect to be considered on this test is that 41% of the Brazilian athletes considered the fatigue after the test very similar and 41% a lot of similar to the fatigue after a fight of 4 minutes. With relationship to the likeness among the fatigue after the test and the fatigue after a training of 1 hour and 30 minutes, 41% of the athletes considered of medium likeness and 35% considered very similar. These data are coherent if it be considered that, in general, the intensity of the trainings is inferior to the intensity of the fight, in way to allow a training for superior time at one hour.
From research of SIKORSKI et. al. (1987) we know that the post-effort lactic acid (LA) concentration of the Polish judoists participating in national and international tournaments was 13,6±2,6 mmol/l (an average from 51 first fights). BRACHT et al. (1982) found that the blood lactate response to three fights, in brazilian judo players, were 7,50±2,51, 8,31±2,46 and 7,68±2,56 mmol/l, respectively. FRANCHINI et al. (1996) found no differences in peak blood lactate responses in juvenile, junior and senior brazilian judo athletes after three matches (see Table 04).
Table 04: Peak blood lactate (mmol/l) in juvenile, junior and senior brazilian judo players after three fights (from FRANCHINI et al., 1996).
Table 05: Blood lactate concentration (mmol/l) in brazilian juvenile (16 and 17 years old) and adults (over 18 years old) judo players before and after the special judo fitness test (From FRANCHINI et al., unpublished data).
Theses data show high likeness between the special judo fitness test and the judo match and between the special judo fitness test and randori, when considering blood lactate responses.
Many other studies can be accomplished with this test, for example: to verify if athletes accomplishing body mass reduction presents modification in the performance of the test.
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EBINE, K.; YONEDA, I.; HASE, H. Physiological characteristics of exercise and findings of laboratory tests in Japanese elite judo athletes. Médecine du Sport, v. 65, n. 02, 1991.
FRANCHINI, E; TAKITO, M. Y.; LIMA, J. R .P.; HADDAD, S.; KISS, M. A. P. D. M. Blood lactate concentration in juvenile, junior and senior judo players – from laboratorial tests and fight. In: III CICEEF e I SPGEEF, São Paulo, 1996. Annals. School of Physical Education of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 1996. p. 91.(FRANCHINI, E; TAKITO, M. Y.; LIMA, J. R .P.; HADDAD, S.; KISS, M. A. P. D. M. Concentração de lactato sangüíneo em judocas das classes Juvenil-A, Júnior e Sênior – a partir de testes laboratoriais e em situação de luta. In: III CICEEF e I SPGEEF, São Paulo, 1996. Anais. Escola de Educação Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 1996. p. 91.) – in porutguese.
FRANCHINI, E.; NAKAMURA, F. Y.; TAKITO, M. Y.; KISS, M. A. P. D. M. Wingate and the special judo fitness test blood lactate responses in brazilian juvenile and adults judo players. (unpublished data). (FRANCHINI, E.; NAKAMURA, F. Y.; TAKITO, M. Y.; KISS, M. A. P. D. M. Resposta da concentração de lactato sangüíneo em atletas brasileiros de judô juvenis e adultos. – dados não publicados).
HAN, M. W. Psychological profiles of Korean elite judoists. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, v. 24, n. 06, p. S67-S71, 1996.
KLINZING, J. E.; KARPOWICZ, W. The effects of rapid weight loss and rehydration on a wrestling performance test. Journal of Sports Medicine, v. 26, p. 149-156, 1986.
LITTLE, N. G. Physical performance attributes of Junior and Senior women, Juvenile, Junior and Senior men judokas. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, v. 31, p. 510-520, 1991.
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STERKOWICZ, S. Test specjalnej sprawnosci ruchowej w judo. Antropomotoryka, n. 12-13, p. 29-44, 1995.in Polish.
SIKORSKI, W., MICKIEWICZ, G., MAJLE, B., LAKSA, C. Structure of the contest and work capacity of the judoists. International Congress on Judo Contemporary Problems of Training and Judo Contest”. 9-11 November, 1987, Spala-Poland, p. 58-65 (a paper).
STERKOWICZ, S. W poszukiwaniu nowego testu specjalnej sprawnosci ruchowej w judo. Trening, n. 3, p. 46-60. In Polish.
THOMAS, S. G.; COX, M. H.; LEGAL, Y. M.; VERDE, T. J.; SMITH, H. K. Physiological profiles of the Canadian National Judo Team. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, vol. 14, n. 3, p. 142-147, 1989.
UTTER, A; GOSS, F.; DASILVA, S.; KANG, J.; SUMINSKI, R.; BORAS, P.; ROBERTSON, R.; METZ, K. Development of a wrestling-specific performance test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, v. 11, n. 2, p. 88-91, 1997.
Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank the coaches Douglas Vieira, Luciano Matheus, Carlos Rebelo, Solange Pessoa and Walmir Barbosa da Silva and to the athletes for their collaboration which made this study possible.

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