Source: http://www.centerforethicalpractice.org/ethical-legal-resources/virginia-legal-information/legal-opinions-rights-virginia-minors/rights-of-virginia-minors-under-hipaa-legal-opinion-re-consent-and-disclosure/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 18:24:32+00:00

Document:
– d. Right to request and receive an accounting of all disclosures.
3. Minors who consent to their own treatment (as authorized under §54.1-2969) have the legal right to give, or refuse to give, consent for disclosures to others, both under that statute and under the Virginia Health Records Privacy Statute ( § 32.1-127.1:03 ) and under HIPAA.
4. However, according to paragraph K of that Virginia statute ( §54.1-2969 ), as well as a separate Virginia statute (see §20-124.6), the parents, regardless of custody, may not be denied access to the health records of their minor child. Thus, under HIPAA at §502(g)(3)(ii), Virginia at §54.1-2969, K, and Virginia at §20-124.6, the minor does not have the legal right to refuse parents access to treatment information, unless (a) the provider determines that disclosure would cause “substantial harm to the minor or another person” or (b) a court finds “good cause” to disallow disclosure.
5. Given this confusing combination of legal implications, the informed consent interview becomes ethically crucial. At intake, the therapist’s own privacy and disclosure policies must be clearly explained to the minor and to parents (if involved); and as a condition of receiving services, the minor should be required to sign a consent form, formally accepting the therapist’s own disclosure policies , (i.e., foreseeable limits of confidentiality) including policies about the provider’s voluntary disclosure to parents without the minor’s consent, and any policies about other “required disclosures” (e.g., contact with prescribing physician).
NOTE: This summary does not include discussion of the interface of HIPAA with federal laws regarding protection of substance abuse records (42 C.F.R. Part 2). Virginia treatment centers seem to be interpreting the combined implications as giving minors’ substance abuse records the same high level of protection as for adults, and thus denying access even to parents.
Office of Legal Affairs of the American Psychological Association.
1. This statute is located in a section of the Virginia Code that applies to licensees of the Board of Medicine, a fact which has created dispute over whether or not it also applies to mental health services provided by licensees of other Boards. However, the Virginia Board of Psychology does seem to deem it applicable to its licensees. (per Consultation in 2003 with Board of Psychology staff by M. A. Fisher, Ph.D., and by Alan Nessman and Angela Bowman of the Virginia Psychological Association Office of Legal Affairs).
( quoted from the APA article cited in footnote #2).
5. See sample adolescent informed consent document on this website .

References: §54
 § 32
 §54
 §20
 §502
 §54
 §20