Source: http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc20330.htm
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 21:18:34+00:00

Document:
The Biblical passage “What thou seest, write it down” (Revelation 1:11) was most conscientiously implemented by the members of the United Society of Believers in Christ Second Appearing or, as they were more commonly known, the Shakers. From the date of their arrival in New York harbor from England on August 6, 1774, members of this religious communal society, founded and originally led by Ann Lee, were a visible, and at times, controversial minority group. Their religion, which embodied the notions of obedience, confession and celibacy; their modes of religious worship, including the frenetic dance that led to their being called “shaking Quakers,” and their withdrawal from the world, as represented by their refusal to bear arms and to take oaths, provoked the antagonism of many of their New England neighbors who viewed the Shakers as heretics and extremists. This negative reaction, which resulted in physical as well as verbal abuse, was reason enough for the Shakers to document their activities and keep careful records of their temporal transactions. The growth in their numbers in New York in the 1780s, in New England in the 1790s, and in Ohio and Kentucky in the first quarter of the nineteenth century also prompted the creation of records.
Members in what would total 19 major communities by 1826 had to be appraised of refinements in matters of philosophy and theology, changes in the forms of worship, developments concerning increasing contact with the outside world, and news that dealt with common spiritual and temporal concerns. In order to accomplish this, letters were frequently exchanged, diaries and journals were kept, and key documents, which usually originated in the main communities at Watervliet and Mount Lebanon, New York, were painstakingly copied and distributed to the other communities; concurrently, copies of important documents originating at these communities were sent to Watervliet and Mount Lebanon. The Shakers’ affinity for order and discipline also can be seen as a contributing factor to the creations of records in this manner and their careful retention through the nineteenth century.
Whereas oral agreements binding the members to a common set of beliefs sufficed for the earliest Shakers, by 1795 these agreements were replaced by written covenants. The covenants usually bound the members of a given Shaker community. In some instances, members of a given family (the typical living unit within a specific community, i.e., First Family, North Family, etc.) signed a covenant. The covenants spelled out the key element in Shaker communal philosophy – “the possession and use of a joint interest” – and contained additional statements concerning faith and principle. The strictures set forth in the covenants were supplemented through the years with the appearance of various rules and regulations that were periodically revised and codified as in the case of the millennial laws of 1821 and 1845. Other documents relating to the practical considerations of community organization and order include those that concern membership, such as indentures, apprenticeship agreements, and discharges, and those concerning land, such as deeds, agreements, surveys, and maps.
Furthermore, the Shakers regularly kept accounts of their financial transactions, particularly as these relate to their contacts with non-Shakers. Representatives of this are the records relating to the sale of seeds, herbs, cloth, brooms, and other Shaker products. The large quantity of typical 19th-century financial records, such as receipts, bills and promissory notes, are interspersed with valuation of communal and personal property, and lists of charitable donations.
Although Shaker philosophy emphasized the community over the individual, the latter was not totally submerged. Care was extended to the maintenance of membership records, often in the forms of rolls and lists. These frequently contain the individual’s birth and death date, as well as the date of reception into and, when applicable, of withdrawal from a Shaker community.
As Shaker ministers set out from the East to establish eventually the seven communities in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, regular contact was maintained with the church leaders through correspondence. Many of these letters, which reflect the challenges, successes, and failures in the Midwest, have survived. Scattered as the communities were throughout the northeastern United States, the letter continued to be an important means of communication. In addition, members of the Shaker hierarchy, who found it necessary to travel among the communities, frequently kept detailed journals of their experiences. Occasionally they visited other communal sects, (but more frequently they were in search of markets for their goods). Upon direction of the elders, Shaker sisters often kept daily journals of “domestic occurrences.” In other instances, Shaker artisans (i.e. shoemakers, clockmakers) kept journals in which they recorded their labors. In general, concerted effort was made to document the day-to-day activities of the brethren and sisters as well as the travels of the ministry, elders, and eldresses and the events of importance concerning the church.
While each Shaker originally enjoyed little economic independence, there were opportunities for individual expression. An example is the large number of autobiographies that were prepared. These and the biographies of deceased Shaker leaders were widely circulated among the Shaker communities. The criticism directed towards Mother Ann that continued even after her death was answered in the 1810s and 1820s by the preparation and, in some instances, publication of “testimonies.” The latter contained individual accounts by Shakers attesting to the high moral character of Mother Ann and other Shaker leaders. Testimonies were again prepared in the 1840s as Shakers were called upon to testify to their belief in and acceptance of Shaker religious tenets. Many of these testimonies begin with autobiographical accounts. The existence of these autobiographies, biographies, and testimonies reflects the fact that a large number of learned and articulate people were drawn to Shakerism. This is also evident in the series of addresses, sermons, and essays that deal with a wide range of subjects, including history, education, spiritualism, the Bible, and theological subjects.
The most unusual series of records, the inspired writings, came into being at a time when the Shakers appeared to be wavering from their original religious intent and falling victim to such worldly temptations as material prosperity. Young people were challenging the accepted wisdom of bygone leaders and showed less enthusiasm for the traditional forms of worship. The result was a decade (1838-1848) characterized by visions, prophecies, messages, and communications transmitted through visionists or instruments among the Shakers. The sources of these messages were identified as deceased Shaker leaders, Biblical figures or other notable personages. These manifestations often contained warnings and instructions or word gifts and presents directed to individual Shakers. These messages, some of which are in the form of detailed drawings, had a profound religious, cultural, and social influence on the Shakers and, particularly, on their music, art, poetry and rituals, such as the dance. The impact on Shaker music, for example, is evident in a study of the many hymnals containing music and verse, much of which was “received” through inspiration. Songs, which generally were expressions of beliefs, were a Shaker characteristic from the Society’s inception and their evolvement through the years reflect the continual changes that occurred in Shaker philosophy and ritual.
This collection of manuscripts and publications touches all aspects of the Shaker way of life. In addition to the better known Shaker principles – celibacy and separation from the world – it also includes information on their beliefs and actions regarding pacifism, charitableness, equality of sexes, and sanctity of labor. To a lesser extent, it reflects upon the Shakers’ applied agricultural, mechanical, and technical skills, which are embodied in many of the artifacts that have fortunately survived. From the lofty medium of poetry to the more practical realm of school books, recipes and prescriptions, insights are provided into the contribution of the Shakers and forces that attended the growth, development and decline of this most significant 19th-century communal society.
This guide reflects the total reorganization of the Shaker manuscripts and many printed items in this repository by bringing together over 400 items that had been previously catalogued separately, or not at all, to form one collection. A substantial number of manuscripts and publications came to this repository about 1913 by donation from M. Catherine Allen on behalf of the United Society of Believers, commonly called the Shakers. Another substantial donation was made in March 1931 by Anna Case of the South Family of Shakers. Many other materials came by way of transfer from the New York State Museum, or were acquired by purchase or donation. Complete information regarding the acquisition of individual items or collections can be found in the accession files maintained by this repository. The basic organization scheme of this collection is two series: I. Manuscripts; II. Printed Materials. The Printed Materials series consists of works by Shakers and works about Shakers.
The collection is arranged by community and then by form/genre (covenants, financial records, membership, etc.) to facilitate research of specific communities. (For those researching form/genre, this guide includes a Manuscripts Series Form/Genre Index.) The community of origin as defined here means one of the following: the community in which the item was first written; the community in which the writer resided or with which he or she was chiefly associated, or the community with which the item was most associated. If a community of origin could not be determined or there appeared to be more than one, these manuscripts assigned to subseries E along with those from identifiable communities, for which there were too few in number to establish a separate subseries. The communities represented in subseries E are Canterbury, New Hampshire; Enfield, Connecticut; Enfield, New Hampshire; Hancock, Massachusetts; Shirley, Massachusetts; Tyringham, Massachusetts, and Union Village, Ohio. This last subseries also includes all music, poetry, and recipe-prescription manuscripts since most of this material is multi-community in origin. Within each subseries the descriptive level is primarily by item, with additional notes when deemed necessary to bring out information a researcher might not normally expect to find in a given item.
The Printed Materials Series consist of over 250 items, including pamphlets, broadsides, trade catalogues and periodicals, most of which were authored and published by the Shakers themselves. Arrangement and description of items in this series is linked closely to the format found in Shaker Literature: A Bibliography, compiled and annotated by Mary L. Richmond (Hancock, Massachusetts: Shaker Community, Inc., 1977), the most comprehensive source of information on publications by or about the Shakers. The Richmond bibliographic number is included in parenthesis at the end of each entry in this guide so it easily can be consulted by researchers. Consulting Richmond is strongly recommended before requesting a particular title since many items are in poor physical condition.
Microfilm copies of many of the publications are also available for use in the Library. Items in the collection that have been microfilmed have the microfilm call number in parentheses after the item listing.
VII. Addresses, Sermons, Essays, etc.
1 4 Copy of the Covenant or Constitution of the Second Family (same as Folder 3, without signatures). 40p.
1 7 Membership Record: Lists of parents and guardians, with names, ages, and dates of birth of their children, ca.1923. 1p.
Words written by Father William upon a large trumpet and brass by Father Joseph for the elders, second order, August 20, 1840. (Recorded May 18, 1841 by Abigail Crossman) 2p.
Copy of a scroll from Mother Ann, August 25, 1840. 3 (4)p.
Words of Wisdom to the ministry, December 24, 1840. 2p.
Words of Father William spoken December 25, 1840, in the second order meeting. 2p.
Words of Wisdom spoken December 25, 1840, in an elders meeting after the reading of the Holy laws. 2p.
1 18 Inspired Writing: A prophetic message of warning by the Prophet Ezra, June 11, 1843. 26p.
1 19 Inspired Writing: A book of love from the Holy Savior written by inspiration; Second Family member, January 14, 1843. 32p.
1 20 Address: Seth Y. Wells on the education of children, January 26, 1832. 3 (4)p.
2 3 Record of the South Family of the United Society, called Shakers, in the town of Watervliet, Albany County and State of New York; consisting of historical facts relative to the origin of said family; its progress through various changes, to the adoption of the amended covenant; a copy of said Covenant; an account of the admission of subsequent members; removal of all covenant members of said family, whether by death or otherwise; changes of leading members, together with all other matters, eras and events, important in, and to said family including journal, July 4, 1830-December 13, 1887. 1v. 57 (300)p.
3 1 April 5, 1915-April 1916. 1 v. 173 (256)p.
3 2 April 2, 1916-April 4, 1917. 1 v. 194p.
3 3 April 5, 1917-December 31, 1918. 1 v. 194p.
4 4 January 1, 1919-December 31, 1920. 1 v. 255 (300)p.
4 5 January 1, 1921-December 31, 1922. 1 v. 228 (300)p.
4 6 Record of Gentle Manners Society, 1904-1907, contains the Roll and Minutes. 1 v. 128 (200)p.
No. 1 - Part I, II and III, 1838-1840. 102p.
No. 2 - Part III (cont.), 1840. 81p.
No. 3 - Part IV, 1841. 98p.
No. 4 - Excerpts from Parts I, II and III. 124p.
13 1 Spiritual Communications from Our Heavenly Father, continued from the book of 1841, commencing February 5, 1842. (Watervliet, Second Order, 1842). 1 v. 258p.
Manuscript Circular concerning New York State statute (Laws of 1858, Chapter 151): An Act to Change the School Year and amend statutes in relation to Public Instruction.
Memorandum 1864. Re: School tax assessment on Shaker properties.
Memorandum, October 9, 1866. D.A. Buckingham to trustees of School District No. 14. Re: Watervliet District Library.
Catalogue of books in Watervliet School District Library, ca.1866.
Order of A.C. Flagg, New York State Superintendent of Common Schools, to Commissioners of Common Schools in Watervliet. Re: Shaker farm in District No. 14. Albany, July 24, 1826, 4p.
Copy of a petition to Francis Dwight, Superintendent of Common Schools for Albany Co., N.Y. From trustees of School District No. 14, December 3, 1844. D.S. Stephen Wells, Jesse Howard, and Chauncey Copley. Re: education of Shaker children. 4p.
14 7 Perpetual Almanac by D.A. Buckingham, ca.1851, on version of a calendar for 1851 issued by Gray & Sprague, Bookseller, etc. Albany, N.Y.
Seth Wells, ALS to Austin ? Holy Mount [Mt. Lebanon], N.Y., September 27, 1847. 1p.
Antoinette Doolittle, ALS to Mary ?, Mt. Lebanon, N.Y., June 22, 1884. 2 (4)p.
Father Joseph’s Words to the Ministry at Mount Lebanon, April 5, 1840. 3 (4)p.
A message from Father Joseph and Mother Lucy delivered to the Elders, April 11, 1840. Recorded by Abigail Crossman. April 20, 1840. 8p.
A message from Father Joseph. April 27, 1840. Recorded April 30, 1841. 3p.
A Roll directed by Father Joseph to the Ministry … copied Feby., 5th, 1841.
16 11 Instructional text: Bookkeeping, Seth Y. Wells, 1820. 16 (24)p.
19 1 A domestic journal of daily occurrences kept by Isaac N. Youngs, January 1, 1834-December 31, 1846. Contains a detailed record of events at Mount Lebanon, such as worship services and other religious activities, commercial, and industrial activities. Also includes vital information on members. 1 v. ca. 400p. (The original is stored in the vault; available on microfilm, MB/FM,289.8,Y811,205-7262).
22 1 Account Book of broom sales to dealers in New York, New England, and New Jersey, 1863-1864. 1 v. 172 (226)p.
22 2 Daybook, 1899-1901. 1 v. 62 (253)p. Record of income and expenditures of a manufacturer of cloaks.
28 2 Journal: Daily record of events, January 1, 1834-June 4, 1838, kept by Eunice Esther Bennet. Provides a more comprehensive record and description of events than found in previous volume. 1 v. c. 100p.
29 1 Journal kept by Elijah M. [?], 1862. 60p. Describes his journey from Harvard, Massachusetts to Chicago. Interesting observations of Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Albany. Also includes poetry and prose.
29 2 Diary: Kept by Lorenzo P. Eaton of New Salem, Massachusetts, May 18, 1885-March 28, 1887. 1 v. c. 200p. This individual may have been a hired farm worker as there appears to be no record of membership in the society. Contains good descriptions of agricultural activities.
29 3 Guest Register: A record of visitors from other Shaker societies attending the Harvard Church, 1854-1911. Information includes persons, dates of birth, and conversion to Shakerism. 1 v. c. 80 (150)p.
29 4 Guest Register: Record of all visitors, at Harvard, 1854-1888. 1 v. c. 200p.
29 5 Diary: A family diary kept by elder sisters June 18, 1883-December 29, 1893. Provides a chronicle of daily events and information about many members of the Harvard Society. 1 v. 288p.
30 3 A record of meetings held on Mount Siani (Hancock, Massachusetts), Mount Olives (Enfield, Connecticut), and Mount Houb (Tyringham, Massachusetts), 1843-1844. 1 v. 168p. includes table of contents.
30 4 Notebook: History, geology, English literature, religion, ca. 1887. 1 v. ca. 100p.
31 1 Journal (Bookkeeping): General store accounts, January 1839-November 1846. 1 v. c. 120p.
31 2 Account Book: Sale of seeds, roots, herbs, etc. primarily to other eastern Shaker societies, 1859-1879. 1 v. 55p. Indexed.
31 3 Ledger: Accounts receivable for sale of herbs. 1858-1881. 1 v. 50p. Indexed.
31 4 Account Book: Income and expenditures pertaining to nursery (plants and trees) and cattle, 1848-1871. 1 v. c. 75 (150)p.
32 1 Accounts Journal, 1888-1905: Primarily a record of expenditures on sundry goods and services. 1 v. c. 150p.
32 2 Account Book: Record of payments to B.J. Gross of Ayer, Massachusetts for sundry goods and services rendered on behalf of the Harvard Society, 1896-1906. 1 v. c. 150p.
32 3 Account Book: Record of expenditures on wages and other provisions to hired laborers, who were not members of the Society, 1877-1890. 1 v. 142 (163)p.
33 1 Daybook: Record of income and expenditures for goods bought and sold, 1880-1907. 1 v. 457 p.
33 2 Account Book: Work on shirts, 1907 (most pages have been removed). Contains a form letter from the Metaphysical Publishing Company, New York. 1 v. 3 (100)p.
Communication concerning the present form of Christ and Mother [Ann] from the archangel of the Lord. August 11, 1839. 4p.
Message of Mother Ann to the ministry at Canterbury, New Hampshire. December 1, 1839. 1p.
Names and members of the South family, 1886. 1p.
List of members of the Samuel Prentiss, n.d. 1p.
ALS, Emily Brooks to the Elders, October 14, 1868. 8p.
ALS, Emily Brooks to Polly Lee, January 6, 1869. 4p.
Hayward, Mabel, November 4, 1828. 2p.
Hayward, Moses, July 16, 1825. 1p.
34 9 Unidentified: Memoriam of Elder Amos Stewart who passed away March 7, 1884. 3 (4)p.
34 10 Unidentified: Communication received in the name of our ever blessed Father Joseph, September 4, 1842. 22p.
34 11 Unidentified writing, March 1851. 16p.
34 12 Unidentified writing, January 31, 1897. 20p. Booklet with no cover.
34 13 Unidentified writing, n.d. Penmanship booklet with cover advertisement of Sprague and Company Booksellers and Stationers, Albany, New York. 32p.
34 14 Unidentified writing or journal. (2 items) 20p. each.
34 17 Abstracts of newspaper and periodical articles relating to Shakers, 1833-1835, inclusive. 78p.
34 18 Letter: Jennie M. Wells to Charles C. Adams, New Lebanon, N.Y., May 22, 1943. A.L.S. 2p. Contains information about various members of the community.
34 Hancock, Massachusetts - Correspondence, 1947-1961. Folders 19-26 contain letters written by Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder in regards to moving from Mount Lebanon to Hancock; life at Hancock during the 1950s, and ultimately the closing of Hancock in 1960.
34 19 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, [Mount Lebanon, N.Y.], September 15, 1947. A.L.S. 8p.
34 20 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., October 26, 1952. A.L.S. 4p.
34 21 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., July 28, 1953. A.L.S. 5p.
34 22 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., November 29, 1953. A.L.S. 4p.
34 23 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., March 28, 1954. A.L.S. 2p.
34 24 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., February 7, 1958. A.L.S. 3p.
34 25 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Leo Muhlfelder, Pittsfield, Mass., ca. January 1961. A.L.S. 2p.
34 26 Letter: Mary F. Dahm to Grace Muhlfelder, [Pittsfield, Mass.], December 6, 1961. A.L.S. 1 (2)p.
35 4 Hymnal: Untitled collection of hymns and sacred songs. [Mount Lebanon, New York?] ca.1884-1887. 1 v. 224p.
36 1 Hymns and sacred songs composed at various Shaker communities, 1851-1870. 43p. Inside cover inscription: Polly L. Lewis, New Lebanon, 1851, and Alice Spooner, Groveland, 1870. 1 v. 43 (400)p.
36 2 Hymnal: A Choice Collection of Sacred, Holy, and Divine Songs and Hymns. Inspired by believers in Solemn and Devotional Worship of God. Compiled by Gabriel Thompson, ca.1849-1857. 1 v. 159p.
36 3 Hymnal: Untitled collection of hymns and sacred songs, composed at various Shaker communities, 1845-1876. 1 v. 80p.
37 2 Hymnal: A choice selection of divine hymns sung in our sacred worship written by Lourie Russell, Groveland, [N.Y.], May 14, 1887. 1 v. 128 (283)p.
37 2 Hymnal: A collection of Millenial hymns adopted to the present order of the church … Laura Dole, Groveland, April 10, 1864. 1 v. 34p.
38 1 Book containing hymns, sacred songs, etc. written at various Shaker societies, c.1850. 1 v. 182p.
38 2 Scores for hymns and songs, n.p., n.d., verso 1 v. 200p.
38 3 Collection of loose pages from printed hymnals, composed mostly at Canterbury, New Hampshire Society, 1876-1879. 16 items, annotated.
38 4-5 Collection of loose pages of manuscript scores of hymns and sacred songs, ca.1840s. 50 items.
38 6-7 Music for a Shaker Festival entitled “Mother Ann’s Day told in Dialogue and song,” August 10, 1916.
39 1 Book of poetry and prose written by Amelia J. Calver, ca.1871-1904. Mount Lebanon, New York. In three parts: 1) Tributes to the memory of departed friends. 2) Common school subjects. 3) Jingles and nonsense.
39 2 Prose writings: Diurnal gems and thoughts gathered from the mines of wisdom … by Amelia J. Culver, Harvard, Massachusetts, 1870. 1 v. 97p.
39 3 Book of prose, verse, and prayers, Harvard, ca.1871. 1 v. 120p. Caption title: Thoughts and Selected Items.
39 4 Poetry: Collective writings, c.1840-1850. 1 v. 90p.
39 5 Poetry: Collective writings, n.p., n.d. 1 v. 30 (100)p.
40 3 Prose: “The Memorial Offering,” 1917. 7p.
40 4 Prose: “A Brief History of Thanksgiving,” 191?. 6p.
40 5 Prose: “Twilight and Evening Bells and After the Dark,” 1914. 4p.
40 6 Prose: “A Tribute.” Amelia J. Calver, 1908. 6p.
40 7 Prose: “Am I My Brother’s Keeper,” n.d. 2p.
40 8 Prose: Untitled, n.d. 3p.
40 10 Medicinal remedies for dyspepsia, dysentery, poison, etc., Watervliet, ca.1840. 45+p.
40 11 Medicinal remedies for various ailments, Groveland, New York, ca.1840. 20p.
41 2-5 Inventories of Stock, etc. Watervliet, 1867-1898. Forms provide an annual accounting of financial assets and liabilities of the family farm.
Passport of Michael Sonnenberg issued by the Kingdom of Prussia, March 1840 1p.
Confirmation certificate of Johannes Anstatt, April 23, 1843. 1p.
Mount Lebanon Shaker chair manufacture decals, n.d.
Advertisement card: Shaker Gift Shoppe, Hancock, Massachusetts, n.d.
Invoice: D. T. Lamman, bought of S.M. Giddings, at Shaker Depot, 112 John Street, New York, January 19, 1854; Dealers of Shakers’ herbs, ointments, extracts, seeds, etc.
Blank shipping form: Hart and Shepard, Canterbury Shakers Manufacturers; Shaker Sweaters,” Dorothy” Cloaks, and Fancy Goods, East Canterbury, N.H. n.d.
Admission ticket no. 1736, The Shaker Museum, Old Chatham, N.Y.
(R#): Designates bibliographic number for items listed in Shaker Literature: A Bibliography compiled and annotated by Mary L. Richmond (Hancock Massachusetts: Shaker Community, Inc., 1977). 2 vols.
Note: Items 241, 247 and 248 are housed separately with extra-large manuscripts. Please consult librarian for further information regarding access and retrieval.
47 254 Christmas at Hancock Shaker Village. Shaker Christmas Celebrations, 1790-1930 … [n.p., 1930] Broadside. 52 x 34½ cm.
47 256 Springfield Republican. Vol. 16, no. 2 (August 20, 1859). Springfield, Mass. Includes an article on the Enfield, Connecticut Shakers.
56 257 Declaration of the Society of People [Commonly Called Shakers] Showing their Reasons for Refusing Aid or Abet the Cause of War and Bloodshed by Bearing Arms, Paying Fines, Hiring Substitutes, or Rendering Any Equivalent for Military Services. Albany: Printed by E. & E. Hosford, 1815. Cover title. Reprint (Lenox, Mass.: Walter Wilson Publishing Associates, 196-?). (See R496) Includes added introduction and appendices not in original publication.
56 259 Mount Lebanon Shaker Village. Mount Lebanon Shaker Village Self-Guided Walking Tour. [Mount Lebanon, New York: 1991] Cover title. 24p. 21½ cm.
56 262 Mount Lebanon Shaker Village. Mount Lebanon Shaker Village “Shaker Seeds - Fresh and Genuine”. [New Lebanon, New York: Mount Lebanon Shaker Village, 198/9-?].  p. (i.e. one sheet folded twice). illus.
Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. Nos. I-VI, 1961. A series of numbered leaflets published for distribution or sale at Hancock Shaker Village. The titles are listed below.
56 263 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. I. Organization of the first communities. [Pittsfield, Mass.: Shaker Community Inc., 1961]. Cover title. 4p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 264 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. II. Principles and practices. [Pittsfield, Mass.: Shaker Community Inc., 1961] Cover title. 4p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 265 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. III. Early history. Persecutions. [Pittsfield, Mass.: Shaker Community Inc., 1961] Cover title. 6p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 266 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. IV. Their mode of worship. [Pittsfield, Mass.: Shaker Community Inc., 1961] Cover title. 6 p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 267 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. V. Industries and craftsmanship. [Pittsfield, Mass: Shaker Community Inc., 1961] Cover title. 4p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 268 Shaker Community Inc. The American Shaker. VI. Their religious art. [Pittsfield, Mass.: Shaker Community Inc., 1961] Cover title. 4p. 21½ cm. illus.
56 281 Hutchinson, Gloria. “Shakers - A Mere Handful - Are Alive and Well in Maine,” New York Times, August 25, 1974. p. 1 (Travel), illus.
56 282 Murray, J.E. “Stature among Members of a Nineteenth Century American Shaker Commune,” Annals of Human Biology, 1993, vol. 20, no. 2, 121-129.
56 283 Newman, Cathy. “The Shaker’s Brief Eternity” National Geographic, vol. 176, no. 3 (September 1989) 302-325. illus.
House and Garden. 87 (March 1945) Special reprint containing articles related to Shakers listed below with Richmond abstract numbers.
56 286 Shaker Bicentennial Auction, October 10, 1974. 7:30 p.m. [E.S.D.T.] … [to be held in] the Rotunda, the Auto-Aviation Museum, The Western Reserve Historical Society, 10825 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106 [n.p., 1974],  p. illus.
56 288 Tyler, William H. “Old Stronghold of Shaker Sect Atop Mt. Lebanon to Become Site of School for Boys in Fall” New York Herald Tribune, July 24, 1932.
“Shaker Sect Has Dwindled” New York Sun, December 26, 1936.
“Shakers Leaving Mt. Lebanon Home” New York Times, December 21, 1947.
“Shaker Sect Down to 3 Communities” New York Times, May 23, 1948.
“Last Few Shakers Leave New York State, Settle in Massachusetts” New York Herald Tribune, June 6, 1948.
56 291 Roueché, Berton, “A Small Family of Seven,” New Yorker, (August 23, 1947), pp. 42-51.
Roseberry, C.B. “New Book Records History of Area Shakers, Few of Once Thriving Organizations Survive,” Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) November 15, 1953, p. D1.
Harrington, Katherine, “History Lives in a Cookbook,” Knickerbocker News (Albany, N.Y.), March 21, 1957.
Articles from the Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) and Boston Globe related to history of Shaker communities.

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