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Timestamp: 2019-04-24 06:02:08+00:00

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By the late 1960s and early 1970s, three major groups of biochemically defined citrobacteria were recognized, namely, Citrobacter freundii, which dated back to the original work of Braak in 1928; Citrobacter koseri, described by Frederiksen in 1970; and Citrobacter amalonaticus, an organism which was originally placed in the genus Levinea by Young and coworkers. A recently identified new subspecies or possibly even a new Citrobacter species was given the general name of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) enteric group 137 because of uncertainty regarding the taxonomic (genus) status of named species within this group, based upon 16S rRNA analysis. Citrobacter species are not common agents of human disease. Although they are resident commensal flora in the gastrointestinal tract, they are infrequently implicated as primary pathogens. A study performed by researchers at the CDC since the recent taxonomic revisions within the genus suggests that many commercial systems should be able to identify these newly described species with only minor adjustments to their current algorithms. Biotyping is a technique primarily used for epidemiologic purposes. Two biotypes of C. freundii are distinguished in the older literature, based upon the ability of citrobacteria to produce H2S on triple sugar iron (TSI) slants.
Clustering of Citrobacter species into distinct groups, based upon phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences (158).
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