Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-6-9302
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 16:33:55+00:00

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A compact and sensitive quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) based sensor for carbon monoxide (CO) detection was demonstrated by using a mid-infrared all-fiber structure as well as a 3D-printed acoustic detection module. An all-fiber configuration has advantages of easier optical alignment, lower insertion loss, improvement in system stability, reduction in sensor size and lower cost. The 3D-printed acoustic detection module was introduced to match the mid-infrared all-fiber structure and further decrease the sensor volume, which resulted in a small size of 3.5 cm3 and a weight of 5 grams. A 2.33 μm distributed feedback fiber-coupled diode laser was used as the laser excitation source. A custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a small-gap of 200 μm was used as the acoustic wave transducer in order to improve the signal level of the QEPAS sensor. An acoustic micro resonator was utilized as the acoustic wave enhancer. The gas pressure and laser wavelength modulation depth were optimized, respectively. Water vapor was used to accelerate the vibrational-translational relaxation rate of the targeted CO molecule. Finally, a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 4.2 part per million (ppm) was achieved, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 7.4 × 10−9 cm−1W/√Hz. An Allan deviation analysis was used to evaluate the long-term stability of the reported CO-QEPAS sensor system. With an integration time of 150 s, the MDL was improved to be 1.3 ppm.
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Fig. 1 Schematic of the fiber-coupled Grin collimator.
Fig. 2 Design and the assembled configuration of the 3D-printed acoustic detection module.
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the CO-QEPAS sensor.
Fig. 4 Absorption lines for CO, H2O and N2 in the 2.3 μm region based on the HITRAN 2016 database for 10 ppm CO, 2% H2O and 78% N2.
Fig. 5 The SNR and detective bandwidth of CO-QEPAS sensor as a function of the integration time.
Fig. 6 The CO-QEPAS signal as a function of the water vapor concentration at pressure of 760 Torr and modulation depth of 0.36 cm−1.
Fig. 7 The resonant frequency and Q factor of the QTF with acoustic mRs as a function of pressure.
Fig. 8 The CO-QEPAS signal as a function of the pressure and modulation depth.
Fig. 9 The CO-QEPAS signal as a function of the water vapor concentration at pressure of 300 Torr and modulation depth of 0.10 cm−1.
Fig. 10 Signal amplitude: (a) 2f CO-QEPAS signal obtained with a pressure of 300 Torr and modulation depth of 0.10 cm−1; (b) pure N2 for noise determination.
Fig. 11 Allan deviation analysis for the CO-QEPAS sensor system with a mid-infrared all-fiber structure and a 3D-printed acoustic detection module.

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