Source: https://law.justia.com/codes/us/2016/title-5/part-i/chapter-5/subchapter-ii/sec.-552/
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 12:33:25+00:00

Document:
2016—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(A)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted "for public inspection in an electronic format" for "for public inspection and copying".
Subsec. (a)(6)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(C)(i), substituted "making such request of—" for "making such request of such determination and the reasons therefor, and of the right of such person to appeal to the head of the agency any adverse determination; and" and added subcls. (I) to (III).
2009—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–83 added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other than section 552b of this title), provided that such statute (A) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or (B) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld;".
2002—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 107–306, §312(1), inserted "and except as provided in subparagraph (E)," after "of this subsection,".
1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–231, §4(4), (5), in first sentence struck out "and" at end of subpar. (B) and inserted subpars. (D) and (E).
1986—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99–570, §1803, amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "In order to carry out the provisions of this section, each agency shall promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, specifying a uniform schedule of fees applicable to all constituent units of such agency. Such fees shall be limited to reasonable standard charges for document search and duplication and provide for recovery of only the direct costs of such search and duplication. Documents shall be furnished without charge or at a reduced charge where the agency determines that waiver or reduction of the fee is in the public interest because furnishing the information can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public."
Pub. L. 114–185, §6, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 544, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and section 3102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 101 of this title], and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 30, 2016] and shall apply to any request for records under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, made after the date of enactment of this Act."
Pub. L. 110–175, §6(a)(2), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2526, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007]."
Pub. L. 110–175, §6(b)(2), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2526, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007] and apply to requests for information under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, filed on or after that effective date."
Pub. L. 110–175, §7(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2527, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007] and apply to requests for information under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, filed on or after that effective date."
Pub. L. 110–175, §10(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2530, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007]."
"(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes below] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1996].
"(b) Provisions Effective on Enactment [sic].—Sections 7 and 8 [amending this section] shall take effect one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1996]."
Pub. L. 93–502, §4, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1564, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the ninetieth day beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1974]."
Pub. L. 90–23, §4, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 56, provided that: "This Act [amending this section] shall be effective July 4, 1967, or on the date of enactment [June 5, 1967], whichever is later."
Pub. L. 104–231, §1, Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3048, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996'."
Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1801, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–48, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle N (§§1801–1804) of title I of Pub. L. 99–570, amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Freedom of Information Reform Act of 1986'."
"(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [June 30, 2016], the head of each agency (as defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code) shall review the regulations of such agency and shall issue regulations on procedures for the disclosure of records under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with the amendments made by section 2 [amending this section].
"(b) Requirements.—The regulations of each agency shall include procedures for engaging in dispute resolution through the FOIA Public Liaison and the Office of Government Information Services."
"(a) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the 'Protected National Security Documents Act of 2009'.
"(2) Photograph.—The term 'photograph' encompasses all photographic images, whether originals or copies, including still photographs, negatives, digital images, films, video tapes, and motion pictures.
"(1) In general.—For any photograph described under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary of Defense shall issue a certification if the Secretary of Defense determines that disclosure of that photograph would endanger citizens of the United States, members of the United States Armed Forces, or employees of the United States Government deployed outside the United States.
"(2) Certification expiration.—A certification and a renewal of a certification issued pursuant to subsection (d)(3) shall expire 3 years after the date on which the certification or renewal, [sic] is issued by the Secretary of Defense.
"(4) Notice to congress.—The Secretary of Defense shall provide Congress a timely notice of the Secretary's issuance of a certification and of a renewal of a certification.
"(e) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude the voluntary disclosure of a protected document.
"(f) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009] and apply to any protected document."
Pub. L. 110–175, §4(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2525, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 1304 of title 31, United States Code, no amounts may be obligated or expended from the Claims and Judgment Fund of the United States Treasury to pay the costs resulting from fees assessed under section 552(a)(4)(E) of title 5, United States Code. Any such amounts shall be paid only from funds annually appropriated for any authorized purpose for the Federal agency against which a claim or judgment has been rendered."
"(a) Mandatory Disclosure Requirements Inapplicable.—The requirements to make information available under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to land remote sensing information.
"(c) State or Local Government Disclosures.—Land remote sensing information provided by the head of a department or agency of the United States to a State, local, or tribal government may not be made available to the general public under any State, local, or tribal law relating to the disclosure of information or records.
"(d) Safeguarding Information.—The head of each department or agency of the United States having land remote sensing information within that department or agency or providing such information to a State, local, or tribal government shall take such actions, commensurate with the sensitivity of that information, as are necessary to protect that information from disclosure other than in accordance with this section and other applicable law.
"(e) Additional Definition.—In this section, the term 'land remote sensing' has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 ([former] 15 U.S.C. 5602) [now 51 U.S.C. 60101].
"(f) Disclosure to Congress.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the withholding of information from the appropriate committees of Congress."
Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §644, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 473, provided that: "No funds appropriated under this Act or any other Act with respect to any fiscal year shall be available to take any action based upon any provision of 5 U.S.C. 552 with respect to records collected or maintained pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 846(b), 923(g)(3) or 923(g)(7), or provided by Federal, State, local, or foreign law enforcement agencies in connection with arson or explosives incidents or the tracing of a firearm, except that such records may continue to be disclosed to the extent and in the manner that records so collected, maintained, or obtained have been disclosed under 5 U.S.C. 552 prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 20, 2003]."
"(1) Agency.—The term 'agency' has the meaning given such term under section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
"(2) Interagency group.—The term 'Interagency Group' means the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group established under subsection (b).
"(4) Record.—The term 'record' means a Japanese Imperial Government record.
"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000], the President shall designate the Working Group established under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (Public Law 105–246; 5 U.S.C. 552 note) to also carry out the purposes of this title with respect to Japanese Imperial Government records, and that Working Group shall remain in existence for 6 years after the date on which this title takes effect. Such Working Group is redesignated as the 'Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group'.
"(d) Funding.—There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.
"(a) Release of Records.—Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), the Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group shall release in their entirety Japanese Imperial Government records.
"(1) In general.—In applying the exemptions provided in paragraphs (2) through (10) of subsection (b), there shall be a presumption that the public interest will be served by disclosure and release of the records of the Japanese Imperial Government. The exemption may be asserted only when the head of the agency that maintains the records determines that disclosure and release would be harmful to a specific interest identified in the exemption. An agency head who makes such a determination shall promptly report it to the committees of Congress with appropriate jurisdiction, including the Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
"(2) Application of title 5.—A determination by an agency head to apply an exemption provided in paragraphs (2) through (9) of subsection (b) shall be subject to the same standard of review that applies in the case of records withheld under section 552(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code.
"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 1998], the President shall establish the Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group, which shall remain in existence for 3 years after the date the Interagency Group is established.
"(2) Membership.—The President shall appoint to the Interagency Group individuals whom the President determines will most completely and effectively carry out the functions of the Interagency Group within the time limitations provided in this section, including the Director of the Holocaust Museum, the Historian of the Department of State, the Archivist of the United States, the head of any other agency the President considers appropriate, and no more than 4 other persons who shall be members of the public, of whom 3 shall be persons appointed under the provisions of this Act in effect on October 8, 1998..[sic] The head of an agency appointed by the President may designate an appropriate officer to serve on the Interagency Group in lieu of the head of such agency.
"(3) Initial meeting.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Interagency Group shall hold an initial meeting and begin the functions required under this section.
"(d) Funding.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.
"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), the Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group shall release in their entirety Nazi war criminal records that are described in subsection (a).
"(A) In general.—In applying the exemptions listed in subparagraphs (B) through (J) of paragraph (2), there shall be a presumption that the public interest in the release of Nazi war criminal records will be served by disclosure and release of the records. Assertion of such exemption may only be made when the agency head determines that disclosure and release would be harmful to a specific interest identified in the exemption. An agency head who makes such a determination shall promptly report it to the committees of Congress with appropriate jurisdiction, including the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight [now Committee on Oversight and Government Reform] of the House of Representatives. The exemptions set forth in paragraph (2) shall constitute the only authority pursuant to which an agency head may exempt records otherwise subject to release under paragraph (1).
"(B) Application of title 5.—A determination by an agency head to apply an exemption listed in subparagraphs (B) through (I) of paragraph (2) shall be subject to the same standard of review that applies in the case of records withheld under section 552(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code.
"(c) Inapplicability of National Security Act of 1947 Exemption.—Section 701(a) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 431[(a)]) [now 50 U.S.C. 3141(a)] shall not apply to any operational file, or any portion of any operational file, that constitutes a Nazi war criminal record under section 3 of this Act.
"(a) Expedited Processing.—For purposes of expedited processing under section 552(a)(6)(E) of title 5, United States Code, any requester of a Nazi war criminal record shall be deemed to have a compelling need for such record.
"(b) Requester.—For purposes of this section, the term 'requester' means any person who was persecuted in the manner described under section 3(a)(1) of this Act who requests a Nazi war criminal record.
"(b) Statutory Construction.—This section constitutes a specific exemption within the meaning of section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code.
Short Titles 'Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996'."
'Freedom of Information Reform Act of 1986'."

References: §2
 §2
 §312
 §4
 §1803
 §6
 §6
 §6
 §7
 §10
 §4
 §4
 §1
 §1801
 §4
 §644