Source: https://w1.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/195/board-of-trustees-of-state-university-of-new-york-v-fox
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 12:31:26+00:00

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With Fox, the Court significantly diluted the four-part test established in Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp v. Public Service Commission (1980) for determining the constitutionality of commercial speech regulations.
The “reasonable fit” language combined analysis from Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Company of Puerto Rico (1986) and In re R.M.J. (1982) to ground the new standard in precedent law. This modification of the Central Hudson test made it easier for government to regulate commercial speech.
The Fox reasonable fit requirement, despite intense criticism, has proven durable; it was invoked by an eight-justice majority in Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association v. United States (1999). Two of the Fox majority’s assertions, however, have been diminished by recent decisions.
First, in Fox, Scalia reiterated the claim that commercial speech occupies a “subordinate position in the scale of First Amendment values.” Nevertheless, the Court in Greater New Orleans also required a careful calculation of “the costs and benefits associated with the burden on speech imposed by its prohibition” to ensure that the courts cannot cite only the harms of commercial speech while ignoring its contributions.
Second, Scalia invoked the Posadas mantra that the selection of regulatory means was “up to the legislature” to decide. Subsequent decisions, however — in Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co. (1995), 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, (1996), and Greater New Orleans (1999) — have prescribed an activist role for the judiciary in reviewing legislative constraints on commercial expression.
Booher, Troy L. “Scrutinizing Commercial Speech.” George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 15 (Winter 2004): 69–79.
DeVore, P. Cameron, and Robert D. Sack. Advertising and Commercial Speech: A First Amendment Guide. New York: Practicing Law Institute, 2003.
Locher, Todd J. “Board of Trustees of State University of New York v. Fox: Cutting Back on Commercial Speech Standards.” Iowa Law Review 75 (1990): 1335–1354.

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