Source: https://beta.sestech.com/en/Product/SoftwareValidation
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 06:34:37+00:00

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Engineers and scientists increasingly rely on software developed by independent professionals or specialized third-party firms. Consequently, before committing to a product, essential questions must be answered regarding the accuracy, validation, competence, documentation, support as well as updates of any engineering scientific software package.
accurate, and how can this be verified?
adequately supported (e.g. regular updates & enhancements, state-of-the-art technical support, and prompt provision of fixes or workarounds in case of a bug or other issue)?
Reliable and accurate engineering and scientific software must have an adequate validation report, and be supported with sufficient documentation. So while all the above questions are important, the first is crucial for the safety and integrity of any engineering study or design, and the second addresses a fundamental requirement for ensuring an adequate understanding of the subject and usage of the technical software.
SES's engineers and scientists conduct their own R&D and are continuously engaged in providing advanced R&D consulting services to our industry partners. This unique combination allows SES to develop and maintain state-of-the-art software that meets and even exceeds the requirements of the industries we serve. SES's scientific publications, in the most reputable journals, are just one indication of the favorable reputation SES has earned in the scientific community. For more than four decades, SES has been an undisputed leader and a pioneer in the fields of grounding, lightning and electromagnetic interference. The following describes the work and related documentation which are completed to ensure that our CDEGS software complies with the most stringent requirements related to the aforementioned questions, with particular emphasis on the first two.
For over forty years, our software has been subject to extensive scientific validation, using field tests and comparisons with analytical and published research results. This validation, which continues today, is conducted by SES and independent researchers, and is documented in hundreds of technical papers published in peer-reviewed international journals (list of Technical Publications).
Each computation module is tested to ensure that it produces accurate results for multiple cases documented internally at SES, and for several fundamental cases which are made available to users on digital media. Prior to every new release, these cases are retested, and the results are validated by comparing them to previously obtained results, which in turn were validated in preceding years via the following four well-documented mechanisms.
A large number of technical publications and R&D reports contain detailed descriptions of comparisons between measured and computed results. The following documents have been published by SES and other users of our CDEGS software, and are publicly available.
1. Y. Li and F. Dawalibi, Y. Gong, C. Xue and Z. Yuan, "Advanced Analysis of HVDC Electrodes Interference on Neighboring Pipelines", The 7th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC 2015), Beijing, China, April 12 to 14, 2015. (SES Pub#282).
2. Y. Li, F. Dawalibi, H. Zhou and L. Fu, "Analysis of a Large Grounding System and Subsequent Field Test Validation Using the Fall of Potential Method", Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2013, Beijing, China, July 12 - 14, 2013. (SES Pub#269).
3. R. M. Bass, F.P. Dawalibi, Y. Li, S. Fortin and H. Zhou, "Investigation of AC Leakage Current Density in Electrically Heated Subsea Pipelines as a Function of Pipeline Parameters", NACE Shanghai 2012 Corrosion Conference & Expo, Shanghai, China, October 14 - 17, 2012. (SES Pub#268).
4. J. Liu, F.P. Dawalibi and B. F. Majerowicz, "Gas Insulated Substation Grounding System Design Using the Electromagnetic Field Method", The 5th China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), Shanghai China, September 5-6, 2012. (SES Pub#266).
5. Y. Li, F. P. Dawalibi and J. Ma, "Grounding System Analysis and Design Considerations for Large Hydroelectric Power Plant", The 2012 International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2012), Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, June 23-24, 2012. (SES Pub#264).
6. R. Southey, W. Ruan, F. P. Dawalibi and M. Kizuik, "Measurement and Interpretation of Ground Impedance of Substations by Non-Conventional Fall-of-Potential Methods", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2009 (ICEE), Shenyang, China, July 5 - 9, 2009. (SES Pub#236).
7. F. P. Dawalibi and N. Mitskevitch, "Analysis and Validation of the Performance of Grounding Systems Buried in Soil Structures Containing Heterogeneous Volumes II", The 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry (CEPSI), Macau, October 27 - 31, 2008. (SES Pub#227).
8. F. P. Dawalibi, N. Mitskevitch and G. Allard, "Grounding Analysis of Large Hydroelectric Generating Complex Using Soil Structure Containing Heterogeneous Volumes", The 17th Conference of the Electric Power Supply Industry (CEPSI), Macau, October 27 - 31, 2008. (SES Pub#226).
9. S. Tee, F. P. Dawalibi and R. Yonza, "Effects of Seasonal Variations on High Voltage Substation Grounding Grids – Measured and Computed Results", The 4th IASTED Asian Conference on Power and Energy Systems (AsiaPES), Langkawi, Malaysia, April 2 - 4, 2008. (SES Pub#224).
10. R. Southey, S. Tee, W. Ruan and F. P. Dawalibi, "A New Efficient Measurement Technique Based on the Wenner Four Electrode Method", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2007 (ICEE), Hong Kong, July 8 - 12, 2007. (SES Pub#219).
11. W. Ruan, S. Tee and F.P. Dawalibi, "Equipment Protection Against Ground Potential Rise Due to Faults At Substations: A Case Study", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2007 (ICEE), Hong Kong, July 8 - 12, 2007. (SES Pub#214).
12. J. Ma, R. Southey and F. P. Dawalibi, "Measurement and Computation of Induced Noise Levels in Telephone Lines Due to Harmonics in Nearby Power Lines", The 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM), Dalian, China, August 1-4, 2006. (SES Pub#200).
13. F. P. Dawalibi, S. Tee, N. Mitskevitch and J. Ma, "Shallow Surface Soil Modeling Associated with Local and Seasonal Resistivity Variations", The 5th International Conference on Power Transmission & Distribution Technology, Beijing, China, October 12 - 14, 2005. (SES Pub#199).
14. Y. Li, F.P. Dawalibi and C. Li, "New Mitigation Technique of Transformer Saturation Due To Neutral HVDC Currents", The 5th International Conference on Power Transmission & Distribution Technology, Beijing, China, October 12 - 14, 2005. (SES Pub#198).
15. F. P. Dawalibi, Y. Li, C. Li, and J. Liu, "Mitigation of Transformer Saturation Due To Neutral HVDC Currents", IEEE/PES T&D 2005 Asia Pacific, Dalian, China, August 14 - 18, 2005. (SES Pub#191).
16. J. Ma, F. P. Dawalibi and W. Ruan, "Design Considerations of HVDC Grounding Electrodes", IEEE/PES T&D 2005 Asia Pacific, Dalian, China, August 14 - 18, 2005. (SES Pub#190).
17. J. Liu, F.P. Dawalibi, Y. Li and R. D. Southey, "Electromagnetic Interference of Transmission Lines on Nearby Railways Taking into Consideration Track Equipment", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Kunming, China, July 10 - 14, 2005. (SES Pub#188).
18. S. Fortin, Y. Yang, J. Ma and F. P. Dawalibi, "Effects of Eddy Current on the Impedance of Pipe-Type Cables with Arbitrary Pipe Thickness", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Kunming, China, July 10 - 14, 2005. (SES Pub#185).
19. S. Tee, F. P. Dawalibi and J. Liu, "Influence of Current Distribution in Enclosed Underground Power Cables on the Overheating of the Steel Casing Enclosure", The International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Kunming, China, July 10 - 14, 2005. (SES Pub#184).
20. Y. Li, F.P. Dawalibi, J. Ma and R. Southey, "Effects of Power Line Phase Transpositions on Induced AC Voltages To Nearby Pipeline Railway Utilities", Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Krabi, Thailand, April 18 - 20, 2005. (SES Pub#182).
21. J. Ma, S. Fortin, and F.P. Dawalibi, "Analysis and mitigation of current unbalance due to induction in heavily loaded multi-circuit power lines", IEEE Transactions on PWRD, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 2004, pp. 1378-1383. (SES Pub#180).
22. F. P. Dawalibi, J. Liu, S. Fortin, S. Tee, and Y. Yang, "Steel Casing Overheating Analysis of Operating Power Pipe-Type Cables", Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Clearwater Beach, FL, USA, November 28 - December 1, 2004, pp. 376-380. (SES Pub#178).
23. Y. Li, J. Ma, and F. P. Dawalibi, "Impedance measurement of large grounding systems using the fall-of-potential method", Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, EuroPES 2003, Marbella, Spain, Sept. 3-5, 2003, pp. 701-706. (SES Pub#169).
24. W. Ruan, J. Ma, J. Liu, F. P. Dawalibi and R. D. Southey, "Performance of HVDC Ground Electrode in Various Soil Structures", 2002 IEEE International Conference On Power System Technology, Kunming, China, October 13-17, 2002. (SES Pub#158).
25. J. Liu, F. P. Dawalibi, Y. Yang, J. Ma, and R. D. Southey, "Determination of Rail Conductor Characteristics for Electromagnetic Interference Studies", EMC 2002, Beijing, May 21-24, 2002. (SES Pub#151).
26. W. Ruan, R. D. Southey, and F. P. Dawalibi, "Application of the Electromagnetic Field Method to Study a Communication Satellite Site Damaged by Lightning", EMC 2002, Beijing, May 21-24, 2002. (SES Pub#150).
27. G. Yu, J. Ma, and F. P. Dawalibi, "Effect of Soil Structures on Grounding Systems Consisting of Steel Conductors", Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE'2001), Xian, China, July 22-26, 2001. (SES Pub#133).
28. J. Ma, R. D. Southey, F. P. Dawalibi, and Y. Li, "Grounding Analysis of a Gas Meter Station Connected to a Nearby Power Plant through Pipelines", Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Industry Applications Society (IAS2000), Rome, October 8-12, 2000. (SES Pub#131).
29. S. Nikolovski and J. Ma, "Calculation and Measurement of Electromagnetic Field Produced by Overhead Power Lines", Fourth European Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Brugge, Belgium, September 11-15, 2000. (SES Pub#128).
31. A. Pleym and J. Ma, "A Study of Interference from AC Electrified Railway Systems to Nearby Earth Return Circuits", 1999 IEEE International Symposium On Electromagnetic Compatibility, Seattle, WA, August 2-6, 1999. (SES Pub#114).
32. Q. Meng, J. He, F. P. Dawalibi, and J. Ma, "A New Method to Decrease Ground Resistances of Substation Grounding Systems in High Resistivity Regions", IEEE/PES Transactions on PWRD, Vol. 14, No. 3, July 1999, pp. 911-916. (SES Pub#113).
36. R. D. Southey, F. P. Dawalibi, and P. Hotte, "Distribution Line Safety Grounding: Parametric Analysis", 1998 IEEE 8th International Conference on Transmission & Distribution Construction, Operation & Live-Line Maintenance Proceedings, Orlando, Florida, April 26-30, 1998. (SES Pub#103).
53. P. H. Pretorius, A. A. Burger and C. Curtis, Trans-Africa Projects K.R. Hubbard, Eskom Holdings Limited, "On The Earthing Of Overhead Power Lines - A Case Study", Presented at the Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
54. P.H. Pretorius, D. Muftic, L. Peter and C. Van Der Merwe, Trans-Africa Projects, "On The Surge Impedance Of 756 KV Double Circuit Towers - Validation And Application", Presented at the Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
55. P. H. Pretorius, and A. A. Burger, Trans-Africa Projects, "Electromagnetic Coupling From Overhead Power Lines To Fences - Experimental Evaluation And Case Studies", Presented at the Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
56. P. H. Pretorius and C. J. Semmelink, "On the Tower Footing Resistance of Micropile Anchors", Presented at the Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa.
57. Y. Ahmed, Graduate Student Member, IEEE, and S.M Rowland, Senior Member, IEEE, "Measurement and Prediction of Microshock Currents and Voltages in an HV Laboratory", Presented at the 8th International Power Engineering Conference – IPEC2007, 3-6 December 2007, Singapore, IEEE Catalogue Number: 07EX1686C, pp. 223-228.
58. C. Charalambous, Member, IEEE, I. Cotton, Member, IEEE, P Aylott, "A simulation tool to predict the impact of soil topologies on coupling between a light rail system and buried third party infrastructure", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume 57 Issue 3, May 2008, pp. 1404–1416.
The following technical publications and R&D reports contain detailed descriptions of scientific validation studies using data generated with CDEGS software. Essentially, computed results produced by the CDEGS computation modules are compared to analytical results published previously by other researchers. The comparisons often involve classical cases or simple models for which exact analytical results already exist.
96. F. Dawalibi, R. D. Southey, "Analyzing Electrical Interference Problems - Part 2", Pipe Line Industry, September 1988.
97. F. Dawalibi, R. D. Southey, "Analyzing Electrical Interference Problems - Part 1", Pipe Line Industry, August 1988.
The following technical publications and R&D reports contain detailed descriptions of scientific validation studies using data generated with CDEGS software, as well as results obtained with other computer models. Essentially, computed results produced by the CDEGS computation modules are compared to known results from computer models that are based on completely different techniques. The comparisons often involve complex cases for which no exact analytical results exist.
126. Peng Qian, Yao Xiao, Liu Ping, Liu Fan, Su Jie, School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, SiChuan, Chengdu, China, "Analysis on Grounding Resistance affected by Heterogeneous Soil", Presented at the 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.
127. P.H. Pretorius, Trans-Africa Projects and K.R. Hubbard, Eskom Holdings Limited, "Assessment Of Electric Field Exposure In A 756 KV Open Air Substation - A Case Study", Presented at the Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.
128. A A Burger, P H Pretorius , I Ferreira, N Mahatho, "On The Electric Field Performance Of An Overhead Conductor Real Time Monitoring System (RETMOS II)", Presented at the Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa.
129. Konstantinos Kopsidas, Ian Cotton, "Induced Voltages On Long Aerial And Buried Pipelines Due To Transmission Line Transients", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Year: 2008, Volume 23, Issue 3 Pages 1535-1543.
130. Simon M. Rowland, Member, IEEE, Konstantinos Kopsidas, Ian Cotton, "Modeling of Currents on Long strong, Dielectric Cables on HV Overhead Lines", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 22, NO. 2, APRIL 2007.
131. Ian Cotton, Member, IEEE, Konstantinos Kopsidas and Yang Zhang, "Comparison Of Transient And Power Frequency Induced Voltages On A Pipeline Parallel To An Overhead Transmission Line", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 22, NO. 3, JULY 2007C. Charalambous and I. Cotton, "Influence of soil structures on corrosion performance of floating-DC transit systems", IET Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2007.
132. Ian Cotton, Member, IEEE, Charalambos Charalambous, Pete Aylott, and Petra Ernst, "Stray Current Control in DC Mass Transit Systems", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 54, NO. 2, MARCH 2005.
Furthermore, hundreds of international scientific users who are conducting challenging research work using SES software packages provide independent verifications and validation on a continuing basis. A “Google Scholar” search using terms such as CDEGS, MultiFields, MultiGroundZ, HIFREQ, etc. will produce results showing thousands of peer-reviewed scientific publications. By clicking this link, you will bring up the results of a “Google Scholar” search for “CDEGS” in a new tab. The research described in these publications include comparisons to results obtained using experimental and alternative methods. A sample of these publications is shown below.
1. A Method of Defect Diagnosis for Integrated Grounding System in High-Speed Railway,Z. He; H. Hu; W. Huang; Y. Pan; X. Li; J. Yang,"Coll. of Electr. Eng., Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu, China",IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
2. A Holistic Stray Current Assessment of Bored Tunnel Sections of DC Transit Systems,C. A. Charalambous; I. Cotton; P. Aylott; N. D. Kokkinos,"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
3. A simulation tool to assess the lightning induced over-voltages on dc cables of photovoltaic installations,C. A. Charalambous; N. Kokkinos; N. Christofides; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; C. Gomes,"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
4. A Simulation Tool to Predict the Impact of Soil Topologies on Coupling Between a Light Rail System and Buried Third-Party Infrastructure,C. A. Charalambous; I. Cotton; P. Aylott,"Nat. Grid High Voltage Res. Center, Univ. of Manchester, Manchester",IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.
5. A space-time solution of a novel time-domain electric field integral equation,Hongxia Huang; Lin Li; Zhaonan Luo,"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road, Beijing, 102206, China",International Conference on Computational Problem-Solving.
6. A study of influencing factors about vertical grounding rods performance in two-layer soil,Shenglin Li; Guangning Wu; Xiaobin Cao; Weiming Zhou; Ruifang Li,"College of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdou, Sichuan, 610031, China",2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition.
7. Accuracy of the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform algorithm in grounding grid transient analysis,D. LovriŽ?; S. VujeviŽ?; P. SarajŽev,"University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ru&#x0111;era Bo&#x0161;kovi&#x0107;a bb, HR-21000, Croatia","2010 Conference Proceedings ICECom, 20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications".
8. Aging of Polyethylene ADSS Sheath by Low Currents,S. M. Rowland; K. Kopsidas; X. Zhang,"University of Manchester, Manchester, UK",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
9. An Investigation of Earth Grid Performance Using Graphene-Coated Copper,A. J. Datta; R. Taylor; G. Will; G. Ledwich,"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia",IEEE Access.
10. Analyses of the Earthing Resistance of HV/MV Transformer Stations with Different Earth Electrode Arrangements and Soil Structures,J. Ladanyi,"Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Electric Power Engineering, Hungary ,2007 7th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Ecology.
11. Analysis and comparison of calculation results and measurements of dangerous potentials on earthing systems,M. Kokoru­; R. GaŽanoviŽ?; A. JusiŽ?; H. Zildóo,"International Council on Large Electric Systems, Bosnia and Herzegovina Committee of CIGR&#x00C9;, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina",2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC).
12. Analysis on Grounding Resistance Affected by Heterogeneous Soil,P. Qian; Y. Xiao; L. Ping; L. Fan; S. Jie,"Sichuan Electr. Power Test & Res. Inst., Chengdu, China", 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.
13. Analysis on Soil Resistivity Measurement Based on CSAMT,Q. Peng; X. Yao; R. Liu; F. Liu; J. Su; G. Wu,"Sichuan Electr. Power Test & Res. Inst. ChengDu, Chengdu, China", 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.
14. Application study of flexible graphite grounding electrode in typical tower grounding grid,K. Tang; J. Ruan; D. Huang; Q. Zhan; W. Xiao; H. Li,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China",2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE).
15. Assessment of electric field exposure in a 765 kV open air substation – A case study; P.H. Pretorius, K.R. Hubbard, Paper C301, Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa.
16. Calculation method for harmonic impedance of traction substation grounding grid,L. Zhou; Y. Chen; Z. He; Q. Qiu; J. He; Y. Liu,"School of Electric Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China", 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON).
17. Calculation of current distribution during direct strikes to lightning protective system,P. Wang; L. Li,"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, CHINA",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
18. Calculation of Current Distribution in the Lightning Protective System of a Residential House,P. Wang; L. Li; V. A. Rakov,"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China",IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
19. Calculation of Interference Voltage on the Nearby Underground Metal Pipeline due to the Grounding Fault on Overhead Transmission Lines,L. Qi; H. Yuan; L. Li; X. Cui,"State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China",IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.
20. Comparison of Lightning-Induced Current Simulations in the Time and Frequency Domains Using Different Computer Codes,K. Aniserowicz; T. Maksimowicz,"Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska, Poland",IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.
21. Comparison study of usage as grounding electrode between galvanized iron and copper with and without earth additive filler,F. Mahtar; A. Ramli; W. R. Wan Abdullah; M. N. Isa,"Telekom Research And Development Sendirian Berhad. Idea Tower, UPM-MTDC, Technology Incubation Center One, Lebuh Silikon, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia", 2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics.
22. Computation of current-division factors and assessment of earth-grid safety at 161/69 kV indoor-type and outdoor-type substations,C. H. Lee; C. N. Chang,"Dept. of Naval Mechtronic Eng., Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan","IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution".
23. Computation of Electromagnetic Field of Transformer Station 110/10(20) kV Using the CDEGS software,S. Nikolovski; P. Maric; Z. Baus; B. Stefic,"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Power System Department, Osijek, CROATIA","EUROCON 2007 - The International Conference on Computer as a Tool.
25. Design of distribution substation earth grid in high resistivity soil using CDEGS,S. D. Buba; W. F. W. Ahmad; M. Z. A. A. Kadir; C. Gomes; J. Jasni; M. Osman,"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Univ. Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia", 2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014).
26. Dynamic Stray Current Evaluations on Cut-and-Cover Sections of DC Metro Systems,C. A. Charalambous; P. Aylott,"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.
27. Earth surface potential induced by ground-return current of HVDC Links ƒ?? Part II: Numerical analysis and its applications,X. Wen; W. Li; H. Lu; Z. Pan,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, No.8 Eastlake Rd South, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China",2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE).
28. Effect of dimension on ground grid design in MEA's power distribution substation,A. Phayomhom; S. Sirisumrannukul; T. Kasirawat; A. Puttarach,"Power System Planning Department, Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), Bangkok, Thailand",2014 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON).
29. Effect of earth grid conductor spacing on the safety criteria of substation earthing,S. D. Buba; W. F. Wan Ahmad; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; C. Gomes; J. Jasni; M. Osman,"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia",2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon).
30. Effect of Earth Wire Connections on Hazard Limitation at 'Often Frequented Towers',N. Ullah; H. Griffiths; A. Haddad; A. Ainsley,"Cardiff University, UK",Proceedings of the 41st International Universities Power Engineering Conference.
31. Electromagnetic coupling from overhead power lines to fences - experimental evaluation and case studies; P.H. Pretorius, A.A. Burger, Paper P605, Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa.
32. EMI study on down-conductors spacing,Y. Jaeseok; L. Jaewook; P. Hyunsung,"KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc., 2354 Yonggudaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-713, Republic of Korea",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
33. Evaluation of Ground Potential Rises in a Commercial Building During a Direct Lightning Stroke Using CDEGS,C. H. Lee; C. N. Chang; J. A. Jiang,"Dept. of Syst. & Naval Mechatron. Eng., Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan",IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
34. Evaluation of lightning induced magnetic fields inside reinforced concrete buildings,C. Miry; E. Amador; P. Duquerroy; E. Bachelier; D. Prost; F. Issac,"EDF R&D, Moret sur Loing, France", 2013 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XII SIPDA).
35. External Lightning Protection and Grounding in Large-Scale Photovoltaic Applications,C. A. Charalambous; N. D. Kokkinos; N. Christofides,"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.
36. Fault diagnosis of substation grounding grid based on the signal distance function,L. Shang; W. Liang,"School of Electrical & Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China",2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).
37. Ground Layer Depth and the Effect of GPR,A. Puttarach; N. Chakpitak; T. Kasirawat; C. Pongsriwat,"Department of Electrical Engineering, ChiangMai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200. Phone: +66-89-755-0020, Fax: +66-53-895-202, Email: Arm", 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa – PowerAfrica.
38. Grounding impedance calculation of steel monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines in intertidal zone,Z. N. Zheng; J. G. Wang; Y. D. Fan; X. Q. Li; M. Zhou; J. C. Wu; B. Q. Zhang; S. C. Wang,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, China",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
39. Grounding impedance characteristcs of gravity foundations of offshore wind turbines,Z. N. Zheng; J. G. Wang; Y. D. Fan; X. Q. Li; M. Zhou; J. C. Wu; B. Q. Zhang; S. C. Wang,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University",International Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2015).
40. Grounding system design improvement by compression ratio and ground rod methods in power distribution substation,N. Rugthaicharoencheep; A. Phayomhom,"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand, 10800",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
41. How to design an effective earthing system to ensure the safety of the people,M. Nassereddine; J. Rizk; A. Hellany,"University of Western Sydney, Australia",2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications.
42. Impact and management of stray current on DC rail systems,P. Aylott; I. Cotton; C. A. Charalambous,"CAPCIS Intertek, United Kingdom",2009 4th IET professional Development Course on Railway Electrification Infrastructure and Systems.
43. Impact and management of stray current on DC rail systems,P. Aylott; I. Cotton; C. A. Charalambous,"Intertek CAPCIS, United Kingdom",5th IET Professional Development Course on Railway Electrification Infrastructure and Systems (REIS 2011).
45. Impact of electric potential due to faulted overhead ground wire on distribution system equipment,B. Rittong; S. Sirisumrannukul,"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KMUTNB, Bangkok, Thailand",2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE).
46. Impact of energization current on the safe design of distribution substation earth grid,D. Buba; W. F. Wan Ahmad; M. Z. A. Ab Kadir; C. Gomes; J. Jasni; M. Osman,"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia",2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon).
47. Impact of Photovoltaic-Oriented DC Stray Current Corrosion on Large-Scale Solar Farms' Grounding and Third-Party Infrastructure: Modeling and Assessment,C. A. Charalambous; A. Demetriou; N. D. Kokkinos,"Power Syst. Modelling (PSM) Lab., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
48. Impact of split factor value on the safe design of distribution substation earth grid,S. D. Buba; W. F. W. Ahmad; M. Z. A. A. Kadir; C. Gomes; J. Jasni; M. Osman,"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
49. Impulse impedance tests on laboratory model earth electrode,N. A. Idris; H. Ahmad; M. N. Isa,"TM Res. & Dev. Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia",2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics.
50. Inclusion of Field-Solver-Based Tower Footing Grounding Models in Electromagnetic Transient Programs,A. Holdyk; B. Gustavsen,"SINTEF Energy Res., Trodheim, Norway",IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
51. Induced voltage and current computation for different HVPL operating conditions,L. Czumbil; D. Stet; D. D. Micu; V. Topa; L. Ancas,"Electrical Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania",International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC EUROPE.
52. Induced voltage on pipeline located close to high voltage lines due to electromagnetic induction,A. S. AlShahri; M. T. N. Dinh; N. K. C. Nair,"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand",2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC).
53. Influence of Ground Potential Rise on Recloser Control Broad in Distribution Lines,K. Withironprasert; N. Tamwong; S. Chusanapiputt; S. Phoomvuthisarn,"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 51 Cheum Sampan Rd., Nong-jok, Bangkok 10530, Thailand",2006 International Conference on Power System Technology.
54. Influence of power line on ground line and communication line during short circuit fault,Zhibin Zhao; Lin Li; Xiang Cui; Changzheng Gao,"Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Hebei, China", 2004 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37559).
55. Influence of soil and conductor of ground grid on safety of the grounding system,Lin Li; Xiang Cui; Tiebing Lu; Haoliu Yin,"North China Electr. Power Univ., Hebei, China",IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Symposium Record (Cat. No.00CH37016).
56. Influence of soil structures on corrosion performance of floating-DC transit systems,C. Charalambous; I. Cotton,"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Electron., Univ. of Manchester",IET Electric Power Applications.
57. Lightning impulse characteristic of weak curren grounding system of the high-speed railway roadbed section,X. Luo; G. Wu; X. Zhang; X. Cao; F. He,"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China", 2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
58. Lightning propagation through the Earth and its potential for methane ignitions in abandoned areas of underground coal mines,T. Novak; T. J. Fisher,"Dept. of Civil & Environ. Eng., Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL, USA",Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).
59. Lightning propagation through the Earth and its potential for methane ignitions in abandoned areas of underground coal mines,T. Novak; T. J. Fisher,"Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
60. Lightning safety calculation of a Yangtze River Bridge,H. Yue; J. Wang; X. Wang; K. Huang; B. Wang; Y. Zhang; L. Cai,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China",2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning.
63. Method research on measurement with short leads of grounding resistance of grounding grids,C. Xu,"Dept. of Autom. Eng., Tianjin Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, China", 2014 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation.
64. Modeling for Preliminary Stray Current Design Assessments: The Effect of Crosstrack Regeneration Supply,C. A. Charalambous; I. Cotton; P. Aylott,"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
65. "Modeling of Currents on Long Span, Dielectric Cables on HV Overhead Lines",S. M. Rowland; K. Kopsidas; I. Cotton,"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Manchester Univ.", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
66. Modelling and management of microshocks under high voltage transmission lines,A. Gunatilake; S. M. Rowland; Z. D. Wang; N. L. Allen,"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Manchester Univ., UK","Proceedings of the Fifty-First IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 2005".
67. Modelling Linesmen's Potentials in Proximity to Overhead Lines,Y. Ahmed; S. M. Rowland,"Univ. of Manchester, Manchester, UK",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
68. Novel Formulation to Determine the Potential on the Soil Surface Generated by a Lightning Surge,D. S. Gazzana; G. A. D. Dias; R. C. Leborgne; A. S. Bretas; M. TellÇü; D. W. P. Thomas; C. Christopoulos,"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil",IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
69. Novel Simulation Method to Quantify Induced Voltage & Current between Parallel or Partially Parallel Proximity AC Transmission Circuits,"X. Wu, D. Meisner, V. Simha, R. Wellman",CIGRE US National Committee 2015 Grid of the Future Symposium,CIGRE.
70. On the earthing of overhead power lines - A case study; P.H. Pretorius, A.A. Burger, C. Curtis, Paper P601, Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa.
71. On the electric field performance of an overhead conductor real time monitoring system (RETMOS II); A. A. Burger, P. H. Pretorius , I. Ferreira, N. Mahatho, Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 2009 SAIEE, Innes House, Johannesburg.
72. On the surge impedance of 765 kV double circuit towers - validation and application; P.H. Pretorius, D. Muftic, L. Peter, C. Van Der Merwe, Paper P602, Cigré 2009, 6th Southern Africa.
73. On the tower footing resistance of micropile anchors; P. H. Pretorius, C. J. Semmelink, Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 2009 SAIEE, Innes House, Johannesburg.
74. Optimal ground grid design for large EHV substations with auto-transformer,X. Wu; V. Simha; R. J. Wellman,"Station Engineering Design Standards, American Electric Power, Gahanna, OH, United States",2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.
75. Optimum compression ratio on ground grid design in MEA's power distribution substation,A. Phayomhom; S. Sirisumrannukul; T. Kasirawat; A. Puttarach,"Power System Planning Department, Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), Bangkok, Thailand",2014 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON).
76. Power frequency electromagnetic environment evaluation of Zhongguancun Software Park near transmission lines,Chen Shuiming; Li Lianbo; He Jinliang,"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","TENCON '02. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering".
77. "Powerline earthing design in compliance with the latest Australian Standard on Overhead Lines, AS/NZS 7000:2010",M. Mohseni,APD Power,2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC).
78. Prediction of Metallic Conductor Voltage Owing to Electromagnetic Coupling Using Neuro Fuzzy Modeling,A. H. Al-Badi; S. M. Ghania; E. F. EL-Saadany,"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Sultan Qaboos Univ., Muscat",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
79. Research on effects between grounding module and grounding eesistance,Weiming Zhou; Guangning Wu; Xiaobin Cao; Shenglin Li,"School of Electrical Engineering at Southwest Jiaotong University, China",2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition.
80. Research on new grounding technology of transmission line tower in Karst area,S. Liu; W. Sima; T. Yuan; Q. Yang,"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, China",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
81. Research on the Effects and Evaluation Method of Transmission Line Tower Grounding Collection Caused by DC Current,C. Wu; W. Yang; K. Zhu; X. h. Dong; B. Liu; X. s. Wen; L. Lan,"Sichuan Electr. Power Res. Inst., Chengdu, China", 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.
82. Safety analysis for grounding system of two neighbouring substations in MEA's power distribution system,A. Phayomhom; S. Sirisumrannukul,"Power System Planning Department, Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), Bangkok, Thailand",2014 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON).
83. Safety design planning for ground grid of two neighbouring distrubution substation in MEA's power system,C. Amornkul; A. Pruksanubal; A. Phayomhom,"Electr. Eng. Dept., King Mongkut's Univ. of Technol. North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand","2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON)".
84. Safety design planning of ground grid for outdoor substations in MEA's power distribution system,A. Phayomhom; S. Sirisumrannukul; T. Kasirawat; A. Puttarach,"Power System Planning Department Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) Bangkok, Thailand","ECTI-CON2010: The 2010 ECTI International Confernce on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology".
85. Safety-limit curves for earthing system designs: appraisal of standard recommendations,H. Zhao; H. Griffiths; A. Haddad; A. Ainsley,"High Voltage Energy Syst. Group, Cardiff Univ., UK","IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution".
86. Sensitivity Analysis for Influential Parameters in Simulations of Induced Voltage between Close Proximity AC Transmission Circuits,"X. WU, D. MEISNER, V. SIMHA, R. WELLMAN", CIGRE US National Committee 2016 Grid of the Future Symposium,CIGRE.
87. Shielding design study for a large plant using a 3-D graphics-based lightning interception surface rendering and intersection method,S. Baron; R. Southey; Qizhang Xie; S. Fortin; F. P. Dawalibi,"Safe Engineering Services & Technologies ltd, Montr&#x00E9;al, Canada",2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
88. Simulation of grounding networks in the SES CDEGS software,A. Szczepa?ski,"Department of Electrical and Computer Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959, Poland", 2015 Selected Problems of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE).
89. Simulation of grounding networks in the SES CDEGS software,A. Szczepa?ski,"Department of Electrical and Computer Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959, Poland", 2015 Selected Problems of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE).
90. Stray Current Calculation and Monitoring in DC Mass-Transit Systems: Interpreting Calculations for Real-Life Conditions and Determining Appropriate Safety Margins,C. A. Charalambous; P. Aylott; D. Buxton,"University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678 Cyprus, Cyprus",IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.
91. Stray current control in DC mass transit systems,I. Cotton; C. Charalambous; P. Aylott; P. Ernst,"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Electron., Univ. of Manchester, UK", EEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.
92. Stray Current DC Corrosion Blind Spots Inherent to Large PV Systems Fault Detection Mechanisms: Elaboration of a Novel Concept,A. Demetriou; D. Buxton; C. A. Charalambous,"A. Demetriou is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, of the University of Cyprus, PO Box 20537, 1687, Nicosia, Cyprus (email: andreasdemetriou@live.com)",IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
93. Stream gas pipeline in proximity of high voltage power lines. Part I ƒ?? Soil resistivity evaluation,D. ?teœ; L. Czumbil; D. D. Micu; V. ½opa; L. Ancas,Technical University of Cluj-Napoca,2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC).
94. Stream gas pipeline in proximity of high voltage power lines. Part II ƒ?? Induced voltage evaluation,L. Czumbil; D. ?teœ; D. D. Micu; V. ½opa; L. AncŽŸ?,Technical University of Cluj-Napoca,2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC).
95. Study on electromagnetic influence of 750kV AC transmission lines on multiple buried pipelines,Sun Haifeng; Wang Pei; Chang Haojing; Ai Xiancang; E. Tianlong; Su Bonian; Zhu Rongrong; Li Zhihong; Wang Chunfeng,"Department of Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China",2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC).
96. Study on the affection of ground grids with varied aspect ratio on frequency characteristics of grounding impedance,C. Hu; D. Wen; Y. Sun; K. Liu; Z. He; L. Zhou,"Equipment Status Evaluation Center, Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou, China", 2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).
97. Study on the frequency characteristics of grounding resistance in non-uniform soil regions,C. Hu; D. Wen; Y. Sun; Y. Wu; Y. Chen; L. Zhou,"Equipment Status Evaluation Center, Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou, China",2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).
98. Study on the influence factors of power transformer DC magnetic bias,W. Xu; Y. Wu; F. Wu; X. Shen; J. Ruan,"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China",12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2016).
99. Study on Wind Farm Grounding System,V. T. Kontargyri; I. F. Gonos; I. A. Stathopulos,"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Tech. Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece",IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.
100. Substation Grounding Grid Analysis with the Variation of Soil layer depth Method,A. Puttarach; N. Chakpitak; T. Kasirawat; C. Pongsriwat,"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand" ,2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech.
101. Substation Grounding Studies with More Accurate Fault Simulation Strategy and SI / MI Method,X. Wu; V. Simha; Y. Xue; R. Wellman, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.
102. Technique for safety design of grounding grid in MEA's power distribution substation,A. Phayomhom; T. Lantharthong; N. Rugthaicharoencheep,"Department of Power System Planning, Metropolitan Electricity Authority, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
103. The finite element model of electric-thermal dynamic coupling about HVDC grounding,J. Li; L. Guo; Y. Li,"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China",2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE).
104. The impacts of OCS Mast short-circuit on signal cables in railway yard,F. He; X. Cao; H. Han,"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China",2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP).
105. The impulse grounding impedance computation in HVDC transmission line tower,L. Tian-wei; X. Yang; Z. Yu-ming,"Electr. Power Res. Inst., CSG, Guangzhou, China", 2013 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC).
106. The method study of fault diagnosis for grounding grid adopting the near degree,Penghe Zhang; Junjia He; Zeguan Deng,"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China(430074)",2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.
107. Time domain full wave PEEC circuit model for buildings lightning protection system,Xin Liu; Pengfei Wang; Guishu Liang,"Key Laboratory of Power Equipments Defense of Hebei Province, North China Electric Power University, P.O. Box 19, Baoding, 071000, China",2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC).
108. Transient Simulation of Conductive Coupling of HV Transmission Line with Underground Pipelines,B. Tan; X. Wen; Z. Pan; W. Yang,"Sch. of Electr. Eng., Wuhan Univ., Wuhan", 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.
109. Transmission lines design to meet community requirements during constructions,M. Nassereddine; J. Rizk; A. Hellany; M. Nagrial; G. Nasserddine,"Sch. of Comput., Eng. & Math., Univ. of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia",MELECON 2014 - 2014 17th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference.
110. Use of wooden structures to reduce electric field under EHV transmission lines,A. Gunatilake; Z. Wang; I. Cotton,"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Electron., UMIST, Manchester, UK","39th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2004. UPEC 2004".
111. Wind farm earthing,N. Hatziargvriou; M. Lorentzou; N. Jenkins, IEE Half-Day Colloquium on Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines (Digest No: 1997/303).

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