Source: https://chestofbooks.com/business/law/Law-Of-Contracts-2/Section-VIII-Of-The-Breach-Of-Contract-To-Pay-Money-Or-Goods-In-The-Alternativ.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 08:52:49+00:00

Document:
(aa) Ante, p. * 177.
(ac) King v. Bremond, 25 Texas, 637..
(ad) Hirecb v Patterson, 23 Ark, 112. (at) Hastings v, Johnson, 2 Nev. 190..
(b) Meason v. Philips, Addis. 346; Price r. Justrobe, Harper, 111; Cole c Roes, 9 B. Mou. 393; Clark v. Pinuey, 7 Cowen, 681, Mattox v. Craig, 2 Bibb, 584; M'Donald r. Hodge, 5 Hayw. 85; Edgar o Boies, 11 S. & R. 445, per Gib-•on, J. See Wilson v. George, 10 N. H. 445. In Meaaon t. Philips, the defendant, the lessee, covenanted to pay rent in good merchantable grain; wheat, at four shillings; rye, at three shillings; and corn, at two shillings and six pence per bushel. It was held, that the damages were to be ascertained by valuing the grain at the current prices, at the time of delivery, with interest from that time. In Cole r. Ross, 9 B. Mon. 393, it was held that " a covenant to pay $3,333.33, payable in good merchantable pig metal, delivered on the bank at Greenupsburg, at twenty-nine dollars per ton, could not be discharged by the payment of $3,333.33 on the day appointee! for the payment." Per Sampson, J.: "The expression 'payable in good merchantable pig metal/ clearly points out the thing which is to be paid; it is not oi the same import with the expression may be paid in pig metal. The latter, if used, would have implied an election to pay in the thing named or not, as it might suit the convenience of the obligors; the former, in direct and positive language, make* the amount payable in the thing specified, and shows that it was really a contract for pig metal, and not for money, which migtit be paid by the delivery of the article named; and that the sum mentioned was merely the medium by which the quautity of the thing contracted for was to be ascertained, according to its stipulated value per ton. There is no substantial difference between the writing sued on in this case, and the one upon which the suit was brought in the case of Mattox v. Craig (2 Bibb, 584). In the last-named case, the note was for the payment of eighty-nine dollars, to be discharged in good merchantable brick, common brick at four dollars per thousand, and sand brick at five dollars per thousand.' The court decided, that the note was not for the payment of money, bat for the payment or brick. It i.« the opinion of a majority of the court (Judge Graham jury sustained, there could be no action for damages, for there is nothing which requires compensation. It would appear to be, in the language of the law, injuria sine damno. The two phrases used in reference to this matter are, injuria sine damno, and damnum absque injuria. By the first is meant a wrong done without producing what the law recognizes as damnum, or damage in the legal sense of the word. By the second phrase is meant, that injurious consequences have ensued for which the law would make compensation were it not that the act which caused them was no breach of the law. Thus, it has been said, in reference to a claim of a land-holder for damages caused by a bridge not built upon his premises, that when an act authorized by law gives rise to damages, it is damnum, absque injuria, (d) There are ancient and strong authorities for the rule, that no action for damages will lie, unless an actual injury is either sustained, or is inevitable, (e) But there is also high authority, and, in our view, decisive authority, for the assertion, that every injury (meaning thereby a breach of law or a violation *of the right of the plaintiff) imports a damage. (f) This injury sometimes consists in the denial of a right, or of property, which is implied by the wrongful act, and not in any consequences which have yet flowed or can be immediately apprehended from it And it often happens that an action is brought, sounding only in damages, but intended merely to ascertain and establish a right, without any thought of compensation.

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