Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/310/554/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 20:10:16+00:00

Document:
1. A proviso appended to an appropriation in § 402 of Public Resolution 122, June 21, 1938, declared "no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, shall be available for the payment" of any enlistment allowance for "reenlistments made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, notwithstanding applicable portions of sections 9 and 10" of the basic military pay act of June 10, 1922.
Held, in view of its legislative history, that the effect of the proviso was not merely to restrict the funds available, but to suspend the right to reenlistment allowances during the fiscal year specified. P. 310 U. S. 555.
2. There should be a considered weighing of every relevant aid to construction in determining the meaning of an Act of Congress. P. 310 U. S. 562.
Certiorari, 309 U.S. 647, to review a judgment sustaining the claim of a soldier for a reenlistment allowance.
The question is whether respondent Dickerson may recover a judgment against the United States upon a cause of action founded upon Section 9 of the Act of June 10, 1922, c. 212, 42 Stat. 625, 629, 630.
discharged enlisted man . . . who reenlists within a period of three months from the date of his discharge."
Respondent, who was honorably discharged upon the termination of an enlisted period ending on the 21st of July, 1938, reenlisted on the following day, the 22nd, for a period of three years, but was not paid an enlistment allowance. He thereupon brought this action in the Court of Claims. It is conceded that Section 9, if not repealed or suspended at the date of his reenlistment, would entitle him to the sum of seventy-five dollars.
The Government opposed the action before the Court of Claims on the ground that Section 402 of Public Resolution No. 122, June 21, 1938, c. 554, 52 Stat. 809, 818, 819, suspended the allowance for reenlistment during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939. Section 402 contains a proviso, appended to an appropriation for the Rural Electrification Administration, that "no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, shall be available for the payment" of any enlistment allowance for "reenlistments made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, notwithstanding the applicable portions of sections 9 and 10" of the Act of June 10, 1922.
The Court of Claims entered judgment for respondent on the ground that Section 402, while it restricted the funds available for payment of the allowance, did not suspend or repeal Section 9. Because of the importance of the issue in the administration of the revenues, we granted certiorari. March 25, 1940, 309 U.S. 647.
v. United States, 150 U. S. 588, 150 U. S. 593; United States v. Vulte, 233 U. S. 509, 233 U. S. 513. See United States v. Langston, 118 U. S. 389. The question remains whether it did so during the fiscal year ending on the 30th of June, 1939.
"So much of sections 9 and 10 of the Act . . . approved June 10, 1922 . . . as provides for the payment of enlistment allowance to enlisted men for reenlistment within a period of three months from date of discharge is hereby suspended as to reenlistments made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1934."
made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938, notwithstanding the applicable provisions of sections 9 and 10 of the Act"
approved June 10, 1922. The identical provision, with the exception of the dates, was appended as a proviso to Section 402 of Public Resolution 122, copied above, and was made applicable during the fiscal year ending on the 30th of June, 1939.
". . . the language of the amendment has been carried ordinarily in the Treasury and Post Office Appropriation Bill, but was not carried in that appropriation bill this year, and is therefore proposed to be included in the bill now before us. . . . The effect of it is simply to carry the same limitation that has been carried for years in the appropriation bills. . . . Its purpose is to continue the appropriation situation that has existed for years, so that no bounty shall be paid for reenlistment in the military and other uniformed services."
inserted in earlier appropriation bills. [Footnote 2] It was then adopted by the House. 81 Cong.Rec. 5091.
introduced as an amendment to the Second Deficiency Appropriation Bill for the fiscal year 1938 (H.R. 10851, 75th Cong., 3d Sess.), then pending in the House. 83 Cong.Rec. 8522-8569. A point of order was made against the amendment on the ground that it was legislation in an appropriation bill; Representative Woodrum, who had charge of the amendment, admitted that the point of order was good, and the Chair sustained it. 83 Cong.Rec. 8567. The amendment was then offered in the Senate, where the Presiding Officer also sustained a point of order that it was legislation in an appropriation bill. [Footnote 3] 83 Cong.Rec. 9189.
". . . we are providing a further inhibition for 1 year against payment of the reenlistment allowances in the military and naval services. "
"No reenlistment allowances have been paid for the past 5 fiscal years in any of the services, and, in the absence of permanent law stopping it, the inhibition has been shuttled about in economy bills and appropriation bills at one time or another. We have not paid them for 5 years, and the latter part of this amendment now before the House is a Senate amendment which discontinues for another year the payment of the reenlistment allowances."
The opponents of the amendment, while questioning its wisdom, were in general agreement with its sponsors concerning its purpose and effect. 83 Cong.Rec. 9678-9679. The amendment was then adopted by the House. 83 Cong.Rec. 9679.
We are of opinion that Congress intended in Section 402 to suspend the enlistment allowance authorized by Section 9 during the fiscal year ending on the 30th of June, 1939. The legislative history, summarized above, discloses that Congress intended the legislation concerning the allowance during the fiscal years 1938 and 1939 as a continuation of the suspension enacted in each of the four preceding years. The adoption in the act of May 28, 1937, of different terminology might, in other circumstances, indicate an intent to change the object of the legislation. Compare Brewster v. Gage, 280 U. S. 327, 280 U. S. 337; Crawford v. Burke, 195 U. S. 176, 195 U. S. 190; Pirie v. Chicago Title & Trust Co., 182 U. S. 438, 182 U. S. 448. But the drawing of such an inference is a workable rule of construction, not an infallible guide to legislative intent, and cannot overcome more persuasive evidence where, as here, it exists. Compare Boston Sand & Gravel Co. v. United States, 278 U. S. 41, 278 U. S. 48.
THE CHIEF JUSTICE, MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS, MR. JUSTICE STONE, and MR. JUSTICE ROBERTS are of opinion that the judgment should be affirmed on the views expressed by the Court of Claims.
Act March 28, 1934, c. 102, 48 Stat. 509, 523; Act May 14, 1935, c. 110, 49 Stat. 218, 226, 227; Act June 23, 1936, c. 725, 49 Stat. 1827, 1837.
"In 1933, an amendment went into the Treasury-Post Office appropriation bill taking away or suspending this reenlistment bonus. . . . The provision was continued by inserting it in the Treasury-Post Office appropriation bill each year from 1933 until this year. It was in the Treasury-Post Office appropriation bill that was brought into the House for consideration this year. I raised a point of order against the provision on the ground it was legislation on an appropriation bill, and that it did not come under the Holman rule. The Chairman of the Committee sustained the point of order."
"The bill went to the Senate, and the suspension was not placed in the bill. The second deficiency appropriation bill passed the House and went over to the Senate. This amendment was placed in there. It was clearly subject to a point of order in the Senate, but the point was not made against it."
"It now comes back to the House for a separate vote as an amendment. If we vote for this amendment, it means the further suspension of the reenlistment bonus to the enlisted personnel of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Coast Guard."
"In the first place, I wish to emphasize the fact that the language in the amendment only asks to continue this legislation for the fiscal year 1938. . . . We ask in this amendment that, during the next fiscal year, this reenlistment bonus be not allowed, and I may say, Mr. Speaker, this is not taking one solitary thing away from any enlisted man in the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps. He is getting exactly the pay that was promised him, and every member of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps who enlisted during the last 3 years enlisted with the knowledge there was no reenlistment bonus going to be paid to him if he did reenlist."
". . . they know now what they knew when they reenlisted -- that the time has not yet come when the Congress can offer a bonus to people working for the Government."
"Mr. BYRNES. . . . I will say to the Senator from Massachusetts, in the light of the ruling of the Chair, that, before the Congress adjourns, I shall certainly make an effort to do something to bring about a change, so that there will not be dissatisfaction among the various services. If the bounties were all restored, millions of dollars would be involved."
"Mr. WALSH. Is not the situation that, under existing law, there is now an authorization of funds to be paid to those who reenlist in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Public Health Service? Is not that the situation?"
"Mr. BYRNES. There is authority to pay the bounty. It has not been paid for 6 years."
"Mr. WALSH. No funds are available."
"Mr. BYRNES. No funds are available."
"Mr. WALSH. The House Bill did seek to provide funds for reenlistment bounties in the Army. Of course, it would be highly discriminatory to have reenlistment bounties paid to those who reenlist in the Army, and none paid to those who reenlist in the other branches of the military service."
"Mr. BYRNES. It would certainly be discriminatory, and cause great dissatisfaction among the services."
"Mr. WALSH. Is the bill now in such shape that no funds are provided for reenlistment bounties for any branch of the military service?"
"Mr. BYRNES. That is correct."
"Mr. WALSH. What the Senator sought to do was to have Congress declare as its policy that it did not intend in the future to pay such reenlistment bounties, so as to prevent possible claims; is not that true?"
"Mr. BYRNES. Mr. President, the sole position of the Committee is that, no funds being provided, we should not leave open the opportunity for numbers of persons to file claims in the Court of Claims in behalf of men who reenlist, with the result that, a year from now, or 2 years from now, some men would receive the reenlistment bounty or some part of it, after the attorneys received their fees."
"Mr. WALSH. I think I understand."
"Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I understand that the bill as it passed the House contained a provision for the use of funds from this appropriation for reenlistments in the Army, and no provisions were made for the use of any of the appropriation for the payment of reenlistments in the Navy, the Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard."
"Mr. ADAMS. That is correct."
"Mr. WALSH. The purpose of the amendment is to eliminate the provision for payment in case of reenlistments in the Army because it is discriminatory against the other services and civil forces, which formerly received reenlistment pay and allowances."
"Mr. ADAMS. That is correct, and it is to open the way for statutory clearing of the whole situation."
Compare Luce, Legislative Problems (1935), pp. 421 et seq., 432.
"Where the mind labours to discover the design of the legislature, it seizes every thing from which aid can be derived. . . ." United States v. Fisher, 2 Cranch 358, 6 U. S. 386.

References: § 402

v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v.