Source: http://aoot.osa.org/ol/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-42-4-811
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 10:16:52+00:00

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Femtosecond laser pulses lasting only a few optical periods hold the potential for probing and manipulating the electronic degrees of freedom within matter. However, the generation of high-contrast, few-cycle pulses in the high power limit still remains nontrivial. In this Letter, we present the application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) as an optical medium for compensating for the higher-order dispersion of a carrier-envelope stable few-cycle waveform centered at 735 nm. The ADP crystal is capable of removing the residual third-order dispersion present in the spectral phase of an input pulse, resulting in near-transform-limited 2.9 fs pulses lasting only 1.2 optical cycles in duration. By utilizing these high-contrast, few-cycle pulses for high-harmonic generation, we are able to produce nanojoule-scale, isolated attosecond pulses.
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Fig. 1. (a) D-scan measurement of a few-cycle pulse compressed with only fused silica (FS) optics in the beam line. The tilt in the D-Scan trace is indicative of residual TOD. (b) D-scan measurement with 2 mm of ADP added into the beam line in place of 2 mm of fused silica. The resulting D-scan trace exhibits a flat profile, suggesting that the TOD has been removed. (c) Spectrum of the few-cycle waveform overlaid with the spectral phase reconstructions from D-scan traces (a) red curve and (b) blue curve. The obvious TOD measured in the fused silica spectral phase is removed with the addition of the ADP crystal. (d) Residual negative TOD imparts clear satellite pulses onto the reconstructed intensity envelope (red curve), broadening the pulse duration to 4.7 fs. High-contrast 3.4 fs pulses are measured when the ADP crystal is implemented to compensate for this residual TOD (blue curve).
Fig. 2. (a) D-scan measurement for a few-cycle waveform generated with the hollow-core fiber statically filled to 2.8 bar of Ne. (b) Corresponding spectrum overlaid with the reconstructed spectral phase. The spectrum spans from 500 to 1000 nm and supports a transform-limited pulse duration of 2.85 fs. (c) Reconstructed electric field of the few-cycle waveform lasting only 1.2 optical cycles. (d) Reconstructed intensity envelope (black-shaded curve) exhibiting a pulse duration of 2.9 fs. The reconstructed envelope is nearly identical to the transform-limited envelope (red dashed curve).
Fig. 3. (a) Attosecond XUV spectrum for a pulse isolated via amplitude gating in Ar using the ADP-compressed waveform. The reconstructed phase is overlaid with the spectrum resulting in a 170 as pulse duration. (b) Experimentally measured attosecond streaking trace used to reconstruct the phase of the Ar XUV pulse. (c) and (d) Similar to (a) and (b), except Ne is used as a HHG medium. The reconstructed pulse duration is measured to be 80 as. In addition, a clear out-of-phase streaking trace is measured in this spectrogram originating from a 5% satellite pulse contamination.

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