Source: https://www.rcfp.org/open-government-sections/c-text-messages/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 21:02:10+00:00

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There do not appear to be any cases or authorities addressing text messages as meetings at this time, and in general, the same considerations set forth in §I.D.3.b of this Open Meetings Guide concerning e-mails should be applicable.
The same reasoning that applies to email communications in Section I(D)(3)(b) above would apply to text messages as well.
There is no statutory or case law concerning text messages, specifically, but the Attorney General has opined that sequential electronic discussions could be considered meetings under the FOIA. Ark. Op. Att’y Gen. No. 2008-055.
Use of text messaging by a majority of a state or legislative body, either directly or through intermediaries, “to discuss, deliberate, or take action on any item of business that is within the subject matter” of the state or legislative body would violate both the Bagley-Keene Act and the Brown Act. See Cal. Gov’t Code 11122.5(b)(2); Cal. Gov't Code § 54952.2(b).
Although the Act does not specifically address text messages, such messages have been requested under the Act. Del. Op. Att'y Gen., No. 09-ib04 (June 4, 2009).
Although the Open Meetings Act does not specifically address meetings conducted by text message, it applies to meetings held by any "means of communication." D.C. Code Ann. § 2-574(1). This catch-all category may include text messages, especially when read in light of the instruction to construe the Act broadly to maximize public access to meetings. Id. § 2-573. No reported case in the District of Columbia has considered whether text messages are sufficiently analogous to e-mails to come within the statute's exemption for e-mail exchanges.
The Act does not authorize agencies to meet by text message.
"members of a public board may not use computers or texting to conduct private conversations among themselves about board business. A one-way e-mail or text communication from one city council member to another, when it does not result in the exchange of council members’ comments or responses on subjects requiring council action, does not constitute a meeting subject to the Open Meeting Law; however, such e-mail or text communications are public records and must be maintained by the records custodian for public inspection and copying."
Office of the Attorney General, Idaho Open Meeting Law Manual, pg. 16 https://ag.idaho.gov/office-resources/manuals/.
A text message qualifies as a “meeting” under the Act to the extent that it is a “contemporaneous interactive communication.” See 5 ILCS 120/1.02. However, the quorum requirements must still be met. For example, if a mass text message is sent to “a majority of a quorum of the members of a public body held for the purpose of discussing public business,” then the text message could fall within the definition of a “meeting.” See Id.
The Act does not address text messages. But the Indiana Public Counselor Handbook addresses the question of whether email exchanges are meetings, and a similar analysis could apply to text message groups: “[w]hether an email exchange is considered a meeting is largely dependent upon the nature and intent of the communication. If the governing body is trying to communicate simultaneously and expecting an immediate call-and-response type dialogue for the purpose of taking official action on business, the exchange constitutes a meeting.” The Handbook is available at the following link: https://www.in.gov/pac/files/PAC%20Handbook%202017.pdf.
The Open Meetings Act does not provide for meetings via text message. See 17-OMD-165. The Open Meetings Act is not necessarily violated when a member of the public agency sends or receives text messages during a public meeting, but discussion of agency issues among members via text message during a meeting could violate the Act. See 18-OMD-60.
No specific provision, but “meeting” is defined as “the convening of a quorum of a public body,” so text messaging between persons could be subject to the Open Meetings law only if the people exchanging messages constituted a quorum of the public body.
Since electronic discussion during the convening of a quorum of a public body constitutes a meeting, it is prohibited unless the public has contemporaneous access to the texting.
There is no law on point. The Attorney General has opined that text messages exchanged by the Mayor and members of the Omaha City Council during a Council Meeting are public records. Disposition Letter, Leslie Donley to Michael Cox, dated 5-14-15.
Text messages that are used by a quorum of the members of a public body to deliberate towards a decision or that are used to poll members of a public body are likely covered by the law.
Simultaneous communication between a quorum of a governing body through text messages may be considered a meeting subject to the open meetings law. See N.D. Op. Att’y Gen. 2007-O-14 (2007); N.D. Op. Att’y Gen. 2018-0-10. Text messages, like e-mail, can be used for ministerial purposes, such as setting a meeting date and time, or providing information to review before the next meeting. N.D. Op. Att’y Gen. 2018-0-10.
The statute does not specifically address text messages. However, if a quorum of a governing body is text messaging about a decision or using text messages to deliberate toward a decision, the Public Meetings Law applies. Notice and an opportunity for the public to “listen” and “attend” would be required. ORS 192.670(2). See Handy v. Lane, supra.
While this issue has not been the subject of litigation, the law clearly precludes a public body from using e-mail, Twitter, Facebook or telephone communications to act.
In Harper v. Best, the Waco Court of Appeals left open the possibility of text messages triggering the substantive provisions of the Act. See 493 S.W.3d 105, 117 (Tex. App.—Waco 2016, pet. granted). The messages supplied as evidence in Harper showed conversations relating to official business between three board members. Id. at 117. One message also contained a reference to a fourth member, and four members would have constituted a quorum of that particular body. Id. “Assuming without deciding that the reference established a ‘walking quorum,’” the court nonetheless found that no “deliberation” had occurred to trigger the Act, because “[n]othing was presented to show that an exchange occurred [with the fourth board member] about an issue within the jurisdiction of the board or any public business.” Id.
Text messages may qualify as an “electronic meeting” that is “convened or conducted by means of a conference using electronic communications.” See Utah Code § 52-4-103(4)-(5).
There have been no reported meetings conducted using text messaging.

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