Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/866
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 23:04:12+00:00

Document:
Each Judge Advocate General shall establish a Court of Criminal Appeals which shall be composed of one or more panels, and each such panel shall be composed of not less than three appellate military judges. For the purpose of reviewing court-martial cases, the court may sit in panels or as a whole in accordance with rules prescribed under subsection (h). Any decision of a panel may be reconsidered by the court sitting as a whole in accordance with such rules. Appellate military judges who are assigned to a Court of Criminal Appeals may be commissioned officers or civilians, each of whom must be a member of a bar of a Federal court or of the highest court of a State and must be certified by the Judge Advocate General as qualified, by reason of education, training, experience, and judicial temperament, for duty as an appellate military judge. The Judge Advocate General shall designate as chief judge one of the appellate military judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals established by him. The chief judge shall determine on which panels of the court the appellate judges assigned to the court will serve and which military judge assigned to the court will act as the senior judge on each panel. In accordance with regulations prescribed by the President, assignments of appellate military judges under this section (article) shall be for appropriate minimum periods, subject to such exceptions as may be authorized in the regulations.
On appeal by the accused in a case in which the sentence extends to confinement for more than six months and the case is not subject to automatic review under paragraph (3).
On appeal by the accused in a case in which the Government previously filed an appeal under section 862 of this title (article 62).
On appeal by the accused in a case that the Judge Advocate General has sent to the Court of Criminal Appeals for review of the sentence under section 856(d) of this title (article 56(d)).
In a case in which the accused filed an application for review with the Court under section 869(d)(1)(B) of this title (article 69(d)(1)(B)) and the application has been granted by the Court.
A Court of Criminal Appeals shall have jurisdiction over all cases that the Judge Advocate General orders sent to the Court for review under section 856(d) of this title (article 56(d)).
A Court of Criminal Appeals shall have jurisdiction over a court-martial in which the judgment entered into the record under section 860c of this title (article 60c) includes a sentence of death, dismissal of a commissioned officer, cadet, or midshipman, dishonorable discharge or bad-conduct discharge, or confinement for 2 years or more.
the date set by the Court of Criminal Appeals by rule or order.
In any case before the Court of Criminal Appeals under subsection (b), the Court may act only with respect to the findings and sentence as entered into the record under section 860c of this title (article 60c). The Court may affirm only such findings of guilty, and the sentence or such part or amount of the sentence, as the Court finds correct in law and fact and determines, on the basis of the entire record, should be approved. In considering the record, the Court may weigh the evidence, judge the credibility of witnesses, and determine controverted questions of fact, recognizing that the trial court saw and heard the witnesses.
In any case before the Court of Criminal Appeals under subsection (b), the Court may provide appropriate relief if the accused demonstrates error or excessive delay in the processing of the court-martial after the judgment was entered into the record under section 860c of this title (article 60c).
whether the sentence is plainly unreasonable.
any information required by regulation prescribed by the President or by rule or order of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
may, except when prohibited by section 844 of this title (article 44), order a rehearing.
If the Court of Criminal Appeals sets aside the findings and does not order a rehearing, the Court shall order that the charges be dismissed.
If the Court of Criminal Appeals orders a rehearing on a charge and the convening authority finds a rehearing impracticable, the convening authority may dismiss the charge.
If the Court of Criminal Appeals determines that additional proceedings are warranted, the Court may order a hearing as may be necessary to address a substantial issue, subject to such limitations as the Court may direct and under such regulations as the President may prescribe. If the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces determines that additional proceedings are warranted, the Court of Criminal Appeals shall order a hearing or other proceeding in accordance with the direction of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
The Judge Advocate General shall, unless there is to be further action by the President, the Secretary concerned, the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, or the Supreme Court, instruct the appropriate authority to take action in accordance with the decision of the Court of Criminal Appeals.
The Judge Advocates General shall prescribe uniform rules of procedure for Courts of Criminal Appeals and shall meet periodically to formulate policies and procedure in regard to review of court-martial cases in the offices of the Judge Advocates General and by Courts of Criminal Appeals.
No member of a Court of Criminal Appeals shall be required, or on his own initiative be permitted, to prepare, approve, disapprove, review, or submit, with respect to any other member of the same or another Court of Criminal Appeals, an effectiveness, fitness, or efficiency report, or any other report or document used in whole or in part for the purpose of determining whether a member of the armed forces is qualified to be advanced in grade, or in determining the assignment or transfer of a member of the armed forces, or in determining whether a member of the armed forces should be retained on active duty.
No member of a Court of Criminal Appeals shall be eligible to review the record of any trial if such member served as investigating officer in the case or served as a member of the court-martial before which such trial was conducted, or served as military judge, trial or defense counsel, or reviewing officer of such trial.
May 5, 1950, ch. 169, § 1 (Art. 66), 64 Stat. 128.
In subsection (a), the word “Each” is substituted for the words “The * * * of each of the armed forces”. The word “must” is substituted for the word “shall” after the word “whom”, since a condition is prescribed, not a command. The words “of the United States” are omitted as surplusage.
In subsections (a) and (b), the word “commissioned” is inserted before the word “officer”.
In subsection (c), the word “may” is substituted for the word “shall” and for the words “shall have authority to”.
In subsection (e), the words “Secretary concerned” are substituted for the words “Secretary of the Department”.
In subsection (f), the words “of the armed forces” and “proceedings in and before” are omitted as surplusage.
2017—Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–91, § 531(j)(1), inserted “by regulation prescribed by the President or” after “required”.
Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 115–91, §§ 531(j)(2)(A) and 1081(c)(1)(K), amended par. (3) identically, substituting “If the Court of Criminal Appeals” for “If the Court”.
2016—Pub. L. 114–328, § 5330(d), substituted “Courts of Criminal Appeals” for “Review by Court of Criminal Appeals” in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, § 5330(e)(1), inserted heading.
Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 114–328, § 5330(b)(2), added subsecs. (b) to (f) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (d) which related to referral of records in certain cases to a Court of Criminal Appeals, criteria by which a Court of Criminal Appeals may act in a referred case, and possible outcomes if a Court of Criminal Appeals sets aside the findings and sentence. Former subsecs. (e) and (f) redesignated (g) and (h), respectively.
Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 114–328, § 5330(b)(1), (e)(3)–(5), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) as (h) to (j), respectively, and inserted headings.
1996—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted “Courts of Criminal Appeals” for “Courts of Military Review” in two places.
1994—Pub. L. 103–337, § 924(c)(4)(A), substituted “Court of Criminal Appeals” for “Court of Military Review” in section catchline.
Pub. L. 103–337, § 924(b)(2), substituted “Court of Criminal Appeals” for “Court of Military Review” wherever appearing.
Pub. L. 103–337, § 924(c)(1), substituted “Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces” for “Court of Military Appeals” in subsec. (e).
1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–209, § 7(b), inserted provision that any decision of a panel may be reconsidered by the court sitting as a whole in accordance with the rules.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–209, § 7(c), amended subsec. (b) generally, designating existing provisions as par. (1), struck out provision extending applicability of provisions to sentences affecting a general or flag officer, and added par. (2).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–209, § 10(c)(1), substituted “the Court of Military Appeals, or the Supreme Court” for “or the Court of Military Appeals”.
1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–632, § 2(27)(A), (B), substituted “Court of Military Review” for “board of review” in section catchline and, in subsec. (a), substituted “Court of Military Review” for “board of review” as name of reviewing body established by each Judge Advocate General, and inserted provisions setting out procedures for such Courts of Military Review, their composition and functions.
Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 90–632, § 2(27)(C), substituted “Court of Military Review” for “board of review” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–632, § 2(27)(D), substituted “Courts of Military Review” for “boards of review” in two places.
Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 90–632, § 2(27)(E), added subsecs. (g) and (h).
Amendment by section 531(j) of Pub. L. 115–91 effective immediately after the amendments made by div. E (§§ 5001–5542) of Pub. L. 114–328 take effect as provided for in section 5542 of that Act (10 U.S.C. 801 note), see section 531(p) of Pub. L. 115–91, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.
Amendment by section 1081(c)(1)(K) of Pub. L. 115–91 effective immediately after the amendments made by div. E (§§ 5001–5542) of Pub. L. 114–328 take effect as provided for in section 5542 of that Act (10 U.S.C. 801 note), see section 1081(c)(4) of Pub. L. 115–91, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–209 effective first day of eighth calendar month beginning after Dec. 6, 1983, but amendments by section 7(b), (c) of Pub. L. 98–209 not to apply to any case in which the findings and sentence were adjudged by a court-martial before that date, and the proceedings in any such case to be held in the same manner and with the same effect as if such amendments had not been enacted, see section 12(a)(1), (4) of Pub. L. 98–209, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

References: § 1
 § 531
 § 5330
 § 5330
 § 5330
 § 5330
 § 924
 § 924
 § 924
 § 7
 § 7
 § 10
 § 2
 § 2
 § 2
 § 2