Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-13-15-5739
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 00:48:24+00:00

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Motion of the sample arm fiber in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems can dynamically alter the polarization state of light incident on tissue during imaging, with consequences for both conventional and polarization-sensitive (PS-)OCT. Endoscopic OCT is particularly susceptible to polarization-related effects, since in most cases, the transverse scanning mechanism involves motion of the sample arm optical fiber to create an image. We investigated the effects of a scanning sample arm fiber on the polarization state of light in an OCT system, and demonstrate that by referencing the state backscattered from within a sample to the measured state at the surface, changes in polarization state due to sample fiber motion can be isolated. The technique is demonstrated by high-speed PS-OCT imaging at 1 frame per second, with both linear and rotary scanning fiber-optic probes. Measurements were made on a calibrated wave plate, and endoscopic PS-OCT images of ex-vivo human tissues are also presented, allowing comparison with features in histologic sections.
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Fig. 1. Evolution of the polarization states of light detected from the distal end of each fiber probe during image acquisition, for a stationary probe (left), linear scanning probe (center), and rotary scanning probe (right). Polarization states are displayed on the Poincaré sphere as endpoints of the calculated Stokes vectors at the detectors, on double-pass following reflection at the distal tip.
Fig. 2. Distribution of absolute values of angles between each of the 2048 Stokes vectors shown in Fig. 1 (left) and the mean Stokes vector, for each of the two incident polarization states. The solid black line shows a theoretical probability density function (Eq. 1) based on a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, fit to the measured data.
Fig. 3. Retardation angle (defined as the mean angle through which the Stokes vectors are rotated), for the pair of incident polarization states displayed in Fig. 1 left (stationary probe), center (linear scanning probe), and right (rotary scanning probe). Blue arrows indicate the scan range used to generate a single image.
Fig. 4. Measured backscattered intensity and accumulated double-pass phase retardation for quarter wave plate.
Fig. 5. Phase retardation angle measured between the surface and first point in depth within the tissue sample, as a function of the number of A-lines over which Stokes vectors are averaged, for the rotary probe example shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 6. Top: conventional (left) and polarization-sensitive (right) images of an ex vivo human meniscus specimen. The box indicates the region where the double-pass phase retardation rate is quantified (see text). Images are 4 mm wide and 1.2 mm deep. The probe sheath is indicated in the conventional OCT image (s). Bottom: corresponding histology with trichrome stain.
Fig. 7. Conventional (a) and polarization-sensitive (b, c) images of ex-vivo human coronary tissue, obtained with the rotary scanning probe. The polarization-sensitive images were generated using either individual surface states (b), or averaged surface states (c). Corresponding histologic sections, with H&E (d) and trichrome stain (e). Surface polarization states used to generate the polarization-sensitive images above (f). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

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