Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555815851.ch18
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 08:17:35+00:00

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Inducibility of HBD-1, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA expression by cytokines (subject 316). mRNA expression stimulated by various cytokines and combinations of cytokines is seen for HBD-1 (panel A) using reverse transcription-PCR ( 1 ) and real-time PCR ( 2 ) and real-time PCR analysis for HBD-2 (panel B) and HBD-3 (panel C). The results from the cell line presented are typical of those seen for three additional subjects in whose cells the cytokines were tested. Each of the defensins demonstrates significant upregulation by individual cytokines and synergistic expression with select combinations of cytokines. Molecular sizes in base pairs are presented on each side of the gel in panel A. The GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene (421 bp) was used as a control housekeeping gene. Numbers in parentheses represent the amount (nanograms) used for the stimulations when more than one concentration was used for a particular cytokine. Asterisks indicate data that were significantly (P < 0.05) different from the control (medium alone). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of triplicate measures. C+, HBD-1 cDNA-positive control. Reprinted from reference 62 with permission.
Susceptibility of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria to HBD-2 and HBD-3. MICs, obtained from radial diffusion assays, of HBD-2 (A) and HBD-3 (B) for A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), F. nucleatum (Fn), P. gingivalis (Pg), P. micros (Pm), A. naeslundii (An), A. israelii (Ai), S. sanguinis (Ss), and S. mutans (Sm) are shown. Values are means and standard deviations of triplicate assays.
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