Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/250/22/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 04:42:59+00:00

Document:
Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 250 › Tayabas Land Co. v. Manila R. Co.
Under §§ 246, 273, 496 and 497 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Philippine Islands, the Supreme Court of the Islands may review the evidence touching the amount of an award reported by commissioners and accepted by the Court of First Instance in a condemnation case, and may find a different amount upon a preponderance of the evidence and modify the judgment accordingly if a motion for new trial has been made and exceptions taken as provided in the last-mentioned section. P. 250 U. S. 24.
and will assume that that court duly considered and weighed the testimony and commissioners' report on the facts. P. 250 U. S. 27.
This Court cannot examine questions of fact in a case coming from the Philippine court on writ of error. Id.
A case of eminent domain exercised by the railroad company to condemn twelve small parcels of land in Lucena, Province of Tayabas, Philippine Islands, in accordance with the petition of the railroad company.
In accordance with the statutory provisions, three commissioners were appointed to hear the parties and inspect the properties. They subsequently reported that the parties had been heard and that they, the commissioners, had inspected the properties and examined the same "inch by inch."
belonging to the parties who were first impleaded in the cause. These values it is not necessary to give, nor to designate the properties to which they were attached, for the reason that the ownership of the properties, part before and part after the rendition of the commissioners. report, had become vested in the Tayabas Land Company.
In accordance with the report, judgment was rendered in favor of the land company for P81,412.75, with interest at the rate of 6% from the date of taking possession of the land.
Motions for new trials were denied, and the case was taken to the Supreme Court of the Islands by the railroad company, and that court modified the judgment by reducing the award for one of the parcels, containing 16,094 square meters, to the sum of P6,500 and the damages for the remaining parcels were fixed at the same proportionate amount.
"the prime question involved in this entire case is in the last analysis one of value -- that is, what is a fair value of the land taken by the railroad company for its railroad station at Lucena?"
That indeed is the ultimate inquiry, but it depends, according to other contentions, upon the power of the Supreme Court over the report of the commissioners and to review and consider the evidence. In other words, the weight that was to be given to the report of the commissioners as a matter of fact and law under § 246 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Islands and to the findings of the Court of First Instance under §§ 273 and 497 of the same Code.
"Upon the filing of such report in court, the court shall, upon hearing, accept the same and render judgment in accordance therewith, or, for cause shown, it may recommit the report to the commissioners for further report of facts, or it may set aside the report and appoint new commissioners, or it may accept the report in part and reject it in part, and may make such final order and judgment as shall secure to the plaintiff the property essential to the exercise of his rights under the law, and to the defendant just compensation for the land so taken, and the judgment shall require payment of the sum awarded as provided in the next section, before the plaintiff can enter upon the ground and appropriate it to the public use."
to the defendant just compensation for the land so taken."
A comprehensive power, we may instantly say, and one required to be exercised and adequate when exercised to pass upon and finally adjudge the designated rights. And it gives facility to the statute, substitutes for circumlocution and delay directness and expedition, qualities that a statute of eminent domain should possess.
"examine the testimony and decide the case by a preponderance of the evidence, or, in other words, retry the case on the merits and render such order or judgment as justice and equity may require."
The final conclusion of the court was, rejecting the contention of appellants, that it had power "to change or modify the report of the commissioners by increasing or decreasing the amount of the award" if the facts of the case justified. And it was the conclusion of the court that the facts so justified; and, after a review of prior cases, it rejected the contention that its conclusion was in conflict with them.
It will be observed, therefore, that the court considered that it was under the same obligation to determine the case by the preponderance of the evidence as was the Court of First Instance, and, discharging its obligation -- that is, in determining upon the weight of the evidence -- its estimate of the values of the properties taken by the railroad was different from that of the Court of First Instance.
We are brought back, therefore, to the consideration of § 246 and the contention of appellants that, under it, the Supreme Court had transcended its powers in reducing the values found and reported by the commissioners, and "erred in holding as a matter of law that appellants were not entitled to recover the amount fixed by the commissioners," they being the tribunal to hear the evidence and view the premises, and that, under § 246, their report being filed, the court was required "upon hearing to accept the same and render judgment in accordance therewith," there being no cause shown, it is contended, for recommitting the report or exercising any of the other alternatives permitted by the section.
But, as we have seen, as to its power of action upon the report of the commissioners, the court differed radically with the land company, and if we should, in deference to the land company's contention, admit there is ambiguity in § 246, we should be unable nevertheless to reverse the ruling of the Supreme Court of the Islands upon the local statutes, and we must assume the court gave consideration to all of the testimony and estimated the weight to be assigned to the report and to the declaration of the commissioners that they had examined "inch by inch" the properties involved. We say this only in passing. The case is here on writ of error, and we cannot examine questions of fact. Santos v. Roman Catholic Church, 212 U. S. 463; Ling Su Fan v. United States, 218 U. S. 302, 218 U. S. 308; Harty v. Victoria, 226 U. S. 12; Gauzon v. Campania General, etc., 245 U. S. 86.
judgment upon them, we cannot disturb. Indeed, the contention of the land company is but an instance of its broader contention of want of power in the Supreme Court to review the findings of the Court of First Instance or to disregard the report of the commissioners. Accepting the decision of the court upon those propositions, we necessarily affirm its judgment.

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