Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555815905.ch91
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 22:56:57+00:00

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Poxviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that have a wide range of susceptible host species. Monkeypox is of increased interest since its importation into the United States in 2003 and has increased concerns of zoonotic transmission of poxviruses. This chapter addresses molecular and immunological diagnostic issues for detection of viral infections associated with four genera of the Chordopoxvirinae that cause human disease and their public health significance. Diagnostic methods are similar for these viruses and are addressed cumulatively. Parapoxviruses are structurally distinct from other Chordopoxvirinae and commonly cause agricultural disease of sheep, goats, and cattle that may be transmitted by direct contact to humans. The basis for diagnosis of any poxviruses can be attributed historically to smallpox. Detection of humoral antibody responses by serology is an indirect approach to diagnosis and has been a hallmark for laboratory diagnosis of viral infections. The most pragmatic serology tests are reviewed and include hemagglutination inhibition (HI), plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with methods described for PRNT and ELISA.
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