Source: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/386/748.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 09:08:09+00:00

Document:
David W. Belin, Des Moines, Iowa, for petitioner.
This case, which was argued following Anders v. State of California, 386 U.S. 738 , presents a similar problem in that we are here also concerned with the constitutional requirements which are binding on a State in the administration of its appellate criminal procedures with respect to convicted indigents seeking initial review of their convictions. Petitioner, who was represented at trial by a court- appointed attorney, was convicted of uttering a forged instrument in violation of Iowa law. Shortly after the verdict was rendered, he requested the trial court to appoint different counsel to aid him in the preparation of a motion for new trial. Counsel was appointed, the motion was prepared and filed but the trial court overruled it. Upon petitioner's application, the same attorney was appointed to represent him on appeal; counsel then prepared and filed a timely notice of appeal.
Petitioner asked his appointed attorney to perfect a plenary appeal and counsel gave notice therefor which, though belatedly filed, was allowed by the Iowa Supreme Court. However, counsel, apparently believing that the appeal was without merit, failed to file the entire record of petitioner's trial although it had been prepared by the State and counsel had advised petitioner that he would file same. It is of note that counsel never moved the court for leave to withdraw from the case. Despite the fact that the Supreme Court had ordered the case submitted on the full record, briefs and arguments of counsel-and the record here fails to reveal any rescission of that order-the court took petitioner's case into consideration on the clerk's transcript alone as it was required to do under Iowa law. 3 The conviction was affirmed by the Supreme Court of Iowa, State v. Entsminger, 137 N.W.2d 381 (1965). This was done despite the request of the petitioner a few days before the affirmance of his conviction, that the court issue an order commanding the trial court to 'transmit the certified records' to the Supreme Court for its review. We granted certiorari, 384 U.S. 1000 .
'To afford an indigent defendant an adequate appeal from his conviction, the furnishing of a transcript, printed record and necessary briefs is required.' At 801-802, 140 N.W.2d, at 181.
As we have held again and again, an indigent defendant is entitled to the appointment of counsel to assist him on his first appeal, Douglas v. People of State of California, 372 U.S. 353 ( 1963), and appointed counsel must function in the active role of an advocate, as opposed to that of amicus curiae, Ellis v. United States, 356 U.S. 674 (1958). In Griffin v. Illinois, 351 U.S. 12 (1956), the Court held that a State that provided transcripts on appeal only to those who could afford them was constitutionally required to provide a 'means of affording adequate and effective appellate review to indigent defendants.' At 20, 76 S.Ct. at 591. Again in Burns v. Ohio, 360 U.S. 252 ( 1959), the Court, in reaffirming the Griffin rule, held that 'once the State chooses to establish appellate review in criminal cases, it may not foreclose indigents from access to any phase of that procedure because of their poverty.' At 257, 79 S.Ct. at 1168. In Smith v. Bennett, 365 U.S. 708 (1961), the Court, once again considering the question, held that such principles are not limited to direct appeals but are also applicable to post-conviction proceedings. [386 U.S. 748 , 752] In that case the Court held that 'the Fourteenth Amendment weighs the interests of rich and poor criminals in equal scale, and its hand extends as far to each.' At 714, 81 S.Ct. at 898. Here there is no question but that petitioner was precluded from obtaining a complete and effective appellate review of his conviction by the operation of the clerk's transcript procedure as embodied in Iowa law. Such procedure automatically deprived him of a full record, briefs, and arguments on the bare election of his appointed counsel, without providing any notice to him or to the reviewing court that he had chosen not to file the complete record in the case. By such action 'all hope of any (adequate and effective) appeal at all,' Lane v. Brown, 372 U.S. 477, 485 , 773 ( 1963), was taken from the petitioner.
Since petitioner admittedly has not received the benefit of a first appeal with a full printed abstract of the record, briefs, and oral argument, as was his right under Iowa law, we do not reach the merits of his conviction here. We have discussed at some length the responsibility of both the appellate court and appointed counsel representing indigents on appeal in Anders v. State of California, supra, decided this day, and we need not repeat such here. The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. It is so ordered.
Mr. Justice STEWART, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice HARLAN join, concurs in the judgment and in the Court's opinion, except as it refers to Anders v. State of California, a case which he thinks involves quite different issues.
[ Footnote 1 ] Iowa Code 793.6 (1962).
[ Footnote 2 ] Rules of the Supreme Court, Rule 16, Iowa Code, Vol. II, p. 2716 ( 1962).
[ Footnote 3 ] Id., Rule 15.
[ Footnote 4 ] Indeed the Attorney General has moved the Supreme Court of Iowa to change its rule with respect to the clerk's transcript system and his suggested changes and the responsibility of appointed counsel thereunder are now under advisement. We do not pass on the validity of the suggested procedure.

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