Source: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1138439
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 21:00:18+00:00

Document:
57 Moreover, treaties constitute a source for limitation on uses within the United States of waters of international streams.248 And it is plain that, in accordance with the express requirements of the Constitution, provisions of valid treaties become the su- preme law of the land to which other provisions of federal and state law are subordinated.249 By treaties with western tribes of Indians, the United States has reserved certain rights to use of water. In the case of Winters v. United States, involving such a reservation effected by an agreement ratified by act of Congress, the Supreme Court said: «° The power of the Government to reserve the waters and exempt them from appropriation under the state laws is not denied, and could not be * * *. That the Government did reserve them we have decided, and for a use which would be necessarily continued through years. General-Welfare Power Congress is expressly empowered by the Constitution to levy taxes and to appropriate funds to provide for the general wel- fare of the United States.251 It was early established that the Federal Government is one of delegated powers, but not until 1936 was it determined in the Butler case that the General-Welfare Clause constitutes a delegation of power separate from and not restricted by those later enumerated in the same section of the Constitution, such as federal authority over commerce.252 Settling that point, the ¦" Of. Arizona v. California, 283 U. S. 423, 458, n. 10 (1931). M United States v. Pink, 315 U. S. 203, 230-231 (1942). 480 207 U. S. 564, 577 (1908). See also United States v. Towers, 305 U. S. 527, 528-532 (1939) ; Conrad Inv. Co. v. United States, 161 Fed. 829 (O. A. 9, 1908); United States v. Mclntire, 101 F. 2d 650, 653-654 (C. A. 9, 1939); United States v. Walker River Irr. Dist., 104 F. 2d 334, 336 (O. A. 9, 1939); United States v. Parkins, 18 P. 2d 643,644 (D. C. Wyo. 1926). ™ U. S. Const., Art. I, § 8, cl. 1; Art I, § 9, cl. 7. OT United'States v. Butler, 297 U. S. 1, 64-66 (1936).

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