Source: http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/303/303mass187.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 01:41:37+00:00

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BESSIE LEWIS vs. THE NATIONAL SHAWMUT BANK OF BOSTON & others, executors, & others.
Under G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 215, Section 45, the Probate Court in a contested equity suit has power to award counsel fees from the fund in controversy and to order their payment directly to counsel.
No error of law appeared in a provision of a final decree in a contested equity suit in the Probate Court by executors to set aside a deed of trust made by the decedent, awarding, under the general heading, "counsel fees, costs and expenses," a sum to be paid to a bank "for special services as one of the executors."
On an appeal from a final decree dismissing a petition in a Probate Court in the nature of a bill of review of a final decree in a contested equity suit which included allowances for counsel fees that the petitioner contended were grossly excessive, this court could not disturb the allowances since the evidence in the present case was not part of the record of the original suit and there was nothing properly before this court to indicate upon what evidence the judge of probate acted in entering the decree sought to be reviewed.
PETITION IN EQUITY, filed in the Probate Court for the county of Norfolk on March 22, 1937.
After a hearing by McCoole, J., a final decree was entered dismissing the petition.
F. L. Simpson, for the petitioner.
R. G. Dodge, for the respondents The National Shawmut Bank of Boston and another, executors.
Joseph Wentworth, for the respondents Hall and others.
QUA, J. The executors of the will of Benjamin Lewis brought in the Probate Court a petition in equity against the trustees named in an instrument purporting to be a deed of trust made by Lewis shortly before his death. On November 27, 1936, a decree was entered setting aside the trust deed on the ground that Lewis was mentally incompetent to make it and ordering the executors to pay very substantial sums as "counsel fees, costs and expenses as between solicitor and client" to the attorneys who had represented various parties.
The present petitioner is Lewis' widow. She was a party to the former petition, but did not appeal from the decree. In this petition, filed March 22, 1937, she prays that the decree be modified and revised and that the sums awarded be reduced. Although the form of this petition seems more appropriate to a proceeding to revoke or modify a decree on the probate side of the court (see Goss v. Donnell, 263 Mass. 521) than to a bill of review by which alone a final decree entered after full hearing in an equity case may be revised (see Untersee v. Untersee, 293 Mass. 132, 136; Frechette v. Thibodeau, 294 Mass. 51, 54), we nevertheless treat the petition as a bill of review, but without deciding that it would be adequate for that purpose if the result of the case depended upon this point. Mackay v. Brock, 245 Mass. 131, 134.
One of the uses of a bill of review is to correct error of law apparent on the record of the original suit. Hyde Park Savings Bank v. Davankoskas, 298 Mass. 421, 423. The appellant's argument is directed solely to such alleged errors. We consider her contentions in turn.
272 Mass. 142, wherein it was held that such fees could not be awarded directly to counsel. And Boynton v. Tarbell was an equity case. No sufficient reason appears for a distinction in this matter of statutory construction between equity proceedings and probate proceedings in the same court, even though the statute does not apply to equity cases originating in the Supreme Judicial Court or in the Superior Court, and the power of these courts as to such allowances is left to the general rules of equity practice. In a number of recent cases this court has recognized the application of the statute (G. L. [Ter. Ed.] c. 215, Section 45) to cases on the equity side of probate courts. First National Bank of Boston v. Charlton, 281 Mass. 72, 76. North Adams National Bank v. Curtiss, 284 Mass. 330, 336. Old Colony Trust Co. v. Third Universalist Society of Cambridge, 285 Mass. 146, 150. Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Co. v. Pratt, 287 Mass. 23, 27. Old Colony Trust Co. v. Richardson, 297 Mass. 147, 156. Smith v. Livermore, 298 Mass. 223, 249.
We are not prepared to say that there was error of law apparent on the record in allowing, under the general heading of "counsel fees, costs and expenses," a sum to The National Shawmut Bank of Boston "for special services as one of the executors." Doubtless in general an executor should seek compensation for his services and reimbursement for his expenses through his accounts. Ensign v. Faxon, 224 Mass. 145. But in this instance the "services" must have been rendered by some officer, agent or employee of the bank, presumably paid by it, who devoted a measurable amount of his time to this particular task. The bank may have hired some one solely for this purpose. The "services" are designated as "special." They may have borne some peculiar relation to the particular property that formed the subject of the litigation which made it appropriate to charge their cost upon that property rather than upon the estate in general. Conceivably the "services" were in truth "expenses" within the general designation under which all the allowances were made and proper to be allowed under the statute to a party to the proceeding. See Conley v. Fenelon, 266 Mass. 340, 344.
Finally, it is contended that the sums here awarded to counsel and to guardians ad litem of some of the parties are so grossly excessive as to extend beyond the bounds of discretion and to reach to error of law apparent on the record. The power of a court of equity or probate to require payments out of the property of litigants to or for the benefit of counsel who may not have been employed by those whose estates are thus diminished and who may have opposed the latter's interests is a power of great delicacy to be exercised with extreme caution. It is difficult to conceive of anything more likely to undermine public respect for the administration of justice than a wide spread suspicion that the courts are aligned in aiding the distribution among counsel of excessive proportions of the funds of those who are unfortunate enough to become involved in controversy. Thus it is held that the standard in allowing counsel fees as costs is not the same as that applied in an action by an attorney against a client with whom he has voluntary contractual relations. A test commonly employed is the compensation paid to public officers for services of a similar character. The principles to be followed by courts in allowing such costs are set forth in Frost v. Belmont, 6 Allen 152, 164, 165, and in Boynton v. Tarbell, 272 Mass. 142, 145. They have been described as "strictly conservative principles." Commissioner of Banks, petitioner, in re Prudential Trust Co. 240 Mass. 478, 485. We have no disposition to modify them.
Railroad v. Boston & Lowell Railroad, 169 Mass. 157, at page 161; Shelton v. Van Kleeck, 106 U.S. 532; Shannon v. Shepard Manuf. Co. Inc. 230 Mass. 224, 235, 236. Everything could have been brought here upon a seasonable appeal from that decree, but under the limitations of a bill of review we cannot say that error of law appears on the record of the original cause.

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