Source: http://memorize.com/ap-court-cases/qiangli20171
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 13:58:16+00:00

Document:
McCulloch v. Maryland Confirmed the right of Congress to utilize implied powers to carry out its expressed powers. Validated the supremacy of the national government over the states by declaring that states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government.
Gibbons v. Ogden Strengthened the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce. Established the commerce clause role as a key vehicle for the expansion of federal power.
Lemon v. Kurtzman Struck down state funding for private religious schools. Ruled that state aid to church-related schools must meet three tests: (a) the purpose of the aid must be clearly secular, (b) the government's action must neither advance nor inhibit religion, and (c) the government's action must not foster an "excessive entanglement" between government and religion.
Oregon v. Smith Banned the use of illegal drugs in religious ceremonies. Ruled that the government can act when religious practices violate criminal laws.
Schenck v. United States Ruled that free speech could be limited when it presents a "clear and present danger .... ". Established the "clear and present danger" test to define conditions under which public authorities can limit free speech.
New York Times v. Sullivan Ruled that public officials cannot win a suit for defamation unless the statement is made with "actual malice."Established the "actual malice" standard to promote "uninhibited, robust, and wide-open" public debate.
Tinker v. Des Moines Protected some forms of symbolic speech. Ruled that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate."
Texas v. Johnson Ruled that flag burning is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.
Barron v. Balitmore (1833) The Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.
Mapp v. Ohio Extended the exclusionary rule to the states. Illustrated the process of selective incorporation through Due Process Clause of the 14th amendament.
Miranda v. Arizona Ruled that the police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest. Required police to read the Miranda rules to criminal suspects.
Gideon v. Wainwright Ruled that the Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws.Illustrated the process of incorporation by which the Sixth Amendment was applied to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Brown v. Board of Education Ruled that racially segregated schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Reversed the principle of "separate but equal" established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
University of California v. Bakke Ordered the Medical School at the University of California at Davis to admit Bakke. Ruled that the medical school's strict quota system denied Bakke the equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Ruled that race could be used as one factor among others in the competition for available places.
Griswold v. Connecticut Ruled that a Connecticut law criminalizing the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy. Established an important precedent for Roe v. Wade.
Roe v. Wade Ruled that the decision to obtain an abortion is protected by the right to privacy implied by the Bill of Rights.
Baker v. Carr Rule that the judicial branch of government can rule on the matters of legislative apportionment. Used the principle of "one person, one vite". Order state legislative district to be as equal as possible.
Wesberry v. Sanders Established the principe of "one person, one vote" in drawing congressional districts. Triggered widespead redistricting that gave cities and suburbs greater representation in Congress.
United States v. Nixon Ruled that there is no constitutional guarantee of unqualified executive privilege.
Buckley v. Valeo Upheld federal limits on campaign contributions. Struck down the portion of the Federal Election Campaign Act limiting the amount of money individuals can contribute to their own campaign. Ruled that spending money on one's own campaign is a form of constituionally protected free speech. Complicated congressional efforts to enact significant campaign finance reform.
Dred Scott v. Sandford The 1957 Supreme Court decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.

References: v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v.