Source: https://boringdetails.wordpress.com/
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 12:48:28+00:00

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However, garnishment is only one of many procedural methods by which a judgment creditor can collect a judgment debt in Texas. Another method is the turnover, which is a broad statutory collection remedy that allows Texas courts to assist creditors in their collection efforts. The court may also order the turnover of a debtor’s property. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 31.002 (Vernon 1997); see Schmerbeck v. River Oaks Bank, 786 S.W.2d 521, 521-22 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 1990, no writ); see generally Greiner v. Jameson, 865 S.W.2d 493, 498 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1993, writ denied).
The collection remedy of garnishment applies to debts owed to or property of the judgment debtor in the hands of third parties. The Texas turnover process extends to property or assets in the hands of the debtor herself.
Once current wages are paid to the debtor, they not only fall outsider the reach of a garnishment proceeding, they also cease to be “current wages.” Wages cease to be “current” within the meaning of Texas exemption laws immediately on being paid to and received by the wage earner. Sutherland v. Young, 292 S.W. 581, 583 (Tex.Civ.App.—Waco 1927, no writ). Wages are no longer current, or exempt from execution to satisfy a judgment debt, when the paycheck is received by the employee.
Thus, once in the hands of the employee debtor, the money received as wages can be seized by court order.
“Nevertheless, it is also our view and holding that the granting or not of appellant’s application for the turnover order under section 31.002 was addressed to the sound discretion of the trial judge. The statute provides in subparagraph (b) that the court (1) may order the judgment debtor to turn over nonexempt property to a designated sheriff or constable for satisfaction of the judgment; or (2) may otherwise apply the property to the satisfaction of the judgment; or (3) may appoint a receiver with the authority to take possession of the nonexempt property toward satisfaction of the judgment. The word “may” in a statute is sometimes construed as if it were “shall,” but it is not to be denied its primary and ordinary signification as a word of permission rather than a word of command unless there is something either in the subject-matter or the context of the statute to indicate a legislative intention that it was used as a word of command. American Mortgage Corporation v. Samuell, 130 Tex. 107, 108 S.W.2d 193, 198-99 (1937).
Davis v. Raborn, 754 SW2d 481 (Tex.App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1988, writ granted) took a different path, holding that a debtor could not presently be ordered to turn over future wages not yet paid.
A court may not enter or enforce an order under this section that requires the turnover of the proceeds of, or the disbursement of, property exempt under any statute, including Section 42.0021, Property Code. This subsection does not apply to the enforcement of a child support obligation or a judgment for past due child support.
Legal information how-to booklet for Kentucky civil pleadings. This covers the basics of formatting for the essential parts of Kentucky pleadings, motions and other court papers. From the type and size of paper required by the Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure, to necessary margins, case captions, signatures and proof of service, this show you what a Kentucky civil pleading should look like and how the different parts are arranged.

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