Source: http://wires.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WiresArticle/wisId-WSBM1422.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 07:43:59+00:00

Document:
Ahumada,, A., Slusarski,, D. C., Liu,, X., Moon,, R. T., Malbon,, C. C., & Wang,, H. Y. (2002). Signaling of rat Frizzled‐2 through phosphodiesterase and cyclic GMP. Science, 298, 2006–2010.
Alexander,, C. M., Reichsman,, F., Hinkes,, M. T., Lincecum,, J., Becker,, K. A., Cumberledge,, S., & Bernfield,, M. (2000). Syndecan‐1 is required for Wnt‐1‐induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Nature Genetics, 25, 329–332.
Alexandre,, C., Baena‐Lopez,, A., & Vincent,, J. P. (2014). Patterning and growth control by membrane‐tethered wingless. Nature, 505, 180–185.
Amit,, S., Hatzubai,, A., Birman,, Y., Andersen,, J. S., Ben‐Shushan,, E., Mann,, M., … Alkalay,, I. (2002). Axin‐mediated CKI phosphorylation of beta‐catenin at Ser 45: A molecular switch for the Wnt pathway. Genes %26 Development, 16, 1066–1076.
Aznar,, N., Midde,, K. K., Dunkel,, Y., Lopez‐Sanchez,, I., Pavlova,, Y., Marivin,, A., … Ghosh,, P. (2015). Daple is a novel non‐receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling. eLife, 4, e07091.
Badis,, G., Berger,, M. F., Philippakis,, A. A., Talukder,, S., Gehrke,, A. R., Jaeger,, S. A., … Bulyk,, M. L. (2009). Diversity and complexity in DNA recognition by transcription factors. Science, 324, 1720–1723.
Bafico,, A., Liu,, G., Yaniv,, A., Gazit,, A., & Aaronson,, S. A. (2001). Novel mechanism of Wnt signalling inhibition mediated by Dickkopf‐1 interaction with LRP6/arrow. Nature Cell Biology, 3, 683–686.
Baker,, N. E. (1987). Molecular cloning of sequences from wingless, a segment polarity gene in Drosophila: The spatial distribution of a transcript in embryos. The EMBO Journal, 6, 1765–1773.
Banziger,, C., Soldini,, D., Schutt,, C., Zipperlen,, P., Hausmann,, G., & Basler,, K. (2006). Wntless, a conserved membrane protein dedicated to the secretion of Wnt proteins from signaling cells. Cell, 125, 509–522.
Barker,, N., & Clevers,, H. (2010). Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptors as markers of adult stem cells. Gastroenterology, 138, 1681–1696.
Barker,, N., Huch,, M., Kujala,, P., van de Wetering,, M., Snippert,, H. J., van Es,, J. H., … Clevers,, H. (2010). Lgr5(+ve) stem cells drive self‐renewal in the stomach and build long‐lived gastric units in vitro. Cell Stem Cell, 6, 25–36.
Barker,, N., Hurlstone,, A., Musisi,, H., Miles,, A., Bienz,, M., & Clevers,, H. (2001). The chromatin remodelling factor Brg‐1 interacts with beta‐catenin to promote target gene activation. The EMBO Journal, 20, 4935–4943.
Barker,, N., Ridgway,, R. A., van Es,, J. H., van de Wetering,, M., Begthel,, H., van den Born,, M., … Clevers,, H. (2009). Crypt stem cells as the cells‐of‐origin of intestinal cancer. Nature, 457, 608–611.
Barker,, N., van Es,, J. H., Jaks,, V., Kasper,, M., Snippert,, H., Toftgard,, R., & Clevers,, H. (2008). Very long‐term self‐renewal of small intestine, colon, and hair follicles from cycling Lgr5+ve stem cells. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 73, 351–356.
Barrow,, J. R., Howell,, W. D., Rule,, M., Hayashi,, S., Thomas,, K. R., Capecchi,, M. R., & McMahon,, A. P. (2007). Wnt3 signaling in the epiblast is required for proper orientation of the anteroposterior axis. Developmental Biology, 312, 312–320.
Bartscherer,, K., Pelte,, N., Ingelfinger,, D., & Boutros,, M. (2006). Secretion of Wnt ligands requires Evi, a conserved transmembrane protein. Cell, 125, 523–533.
Bauer,, A., Chauvet,, S., Huber,, O., Usseglio,, F., Rothbacher,, U., Aragnol,, D., … Pradel,, J. (2000). Pontin52 and reptin52 function as antagonistic regulators of beta‐catenin signalling activity. The EMBO Journal, 19, 6121–6130.
Bauer,, M., Benard,, J., Gaasterland,, T., Willert,, K., & Cappellen,, D. (2013). WNT5A encodes two isoforms with distinct functions in cancers. PLoS One, 8, e80526.
Bazan,, J. F., Janda,, C. Y., & Garcia,, K. C. (2012). Structural architecture and functional evolution of Wnts. Developmental Cell, 23, 227–232.
Beckett,, K., Monier,, S., Palmer,, L., Alexandre,, C., Green,, H., Bonneil,, E., … Vincent,, J. P. (2013). Drosophila S2 cells secrete wingless on exosome‐like vesicles but the wingless gradient forms independently of exosomes. Traffic, 14, 82–96.
Behrens,, J., von Kries,, J. P., Kuhl,, M., Bruhn,, L., Wedlich,, D., Grosschedl,, R., & Birchmeier,, W. (1996). Functional interaction of beta‐catenin with the transcription factor LEF‐1. Nature, 382, 638–642.
Belenkaya,, T. Y., Han,, C., Standley,, H. J., Lin,, X., Houston,, D. W., & Heasman,, J. (2002). Pygopus encodes a nuclear protein essential for wingless/Wnt signaling. Development, 129, 4089–4101.
Belenkaya,, T. Y., Wu,, Y., Tang,, X., Zhou,, B., Cheng,, L., Sharma,, Y. V., … Lin,, X. (2008). The retromer complex influences Wnt secretion by recycling wntless from endosomes to the trans‐Golgi network. Developmental Cell, 14, 120–131.
Belo,, J. A., Bachiller,, D., Agius,, E., Kemp,, C., Borges,, A. C., Marques,, S., … De Robertis,, E. M. (2000). Cerberus‐like is a secreted BMP and nodal antagonist not essential for mouse development. Genesis, 26, 265–270.
Berendsen,, A. D., Fisher,, L. W., Kilts,, T. M., Owens,, R. T., Robey,, P. G., Gutkind,, J. S., & Young,, M. F. (2011). Modulation of canonical Wnt signaling by the extracellular matrix component biglycan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 17022–17027.
Berger,, H., Breuer,, M., Peradziryi,, H., Podleschny,, M., Jacob,, R., & Borchers,, A. (2017). PTK7 localization and protein stability is affected by canonical Wnt ligands. Journal of Cell Science, 130, 1890–1903.
Bhanot,, P., Brink,, M., Samos,, C. H., Hsieh,, J.‐C., Wang,, Y., Macke,, J. P., … Nusse,, R. (1996). A new member of the frizzled family from Drosophila functions as a wingless receptor. Nature, 382, 225–230.
Bhanot,, P., Fish,, M., Jemison,, J. A., Nusse,, R., Nathans,, J., & Cadigan,, K. M. (1999). Frizzled and Dfrizzled‐2 function as redundant receptors for wingless during Drosophila embryonic development. Development, 126, 4175–4186.
Bhat,, K. M. (1998). Frizzled and frizzled 2 play a partially redundant role in wingless signaling and have similar requirements to wingless in neurogenesis. Cell, 95, 1027–1036.
Biechele,, S., Cox,, B. J., & Rossant,, J. (2011). Porcupine homolog is required for canonical Wnt signaling and gastrulation in mouse embryos. Developmental Biology, 355, 275–285.
Bilic,, J., Huang,, Y. L., Davidson,, G., Zimmermann,, T., Cruciat,, C. M., Bienz,, M., & Niehrs,, C. (2007). Wnt induces LRP6 signalosomes and promotes dishevelled‐dependent LRP6 phosphorylation. Science, 316, 1619–1622.
Binari,, R. C., Staveley,, B. E., Johnson,, W. A., Godavarti,, R., Sasisekharan,, R., & Manoukian,, A. S. (1997). Genetic evidence that heparin‐like glycosaminoglycans are involved in wingless signaling. Development, 124, 2623–2632.
Bornemann,, D. J., Duncan,, J. E., Staatz,, W., Selleck,, S., & Warrior,, R. (2004). Abrogation of heparan sulfate synthesis in Drosophila disrupts the wingless, hedgehog and decapentaplegic signaling pathways. Development, 131, 1927–1938.
Bourhis,, E., Tam,, C., Franke,, Y., Bazan,, J. F., Ernst,, J., Hwang,, J., … Hannoush,, R. N. (2010). Reconstitution of a frizzled8.Wnt3a.LRP6 signaling complex reveals multiple Wnt and Dkk1 binding sites on LRP6. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 9172–9179.
Bradley,, R. S., & Brown,, A. M. (1990). The proto‐oncogene int‐1 encodes a secreted protein associated with the extracellular matrix. The EMBO Journal, 9, 1569–1575.
Bradley,, R. S., & Brown,, A. M. (1995). A soluble form of Wnt‐1 protein with mitogenic activity on mammary epithelial cells. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15, 4616–4622.
Brauburger,, K., Akyildiz,, S., Ruppert,, J. G., Graeb,, M., Bernkopf,, D. B., Hadjihannas,, M. V., & Behrens,, J. (2014). Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) membrane recruitment 3, a member of the APC membrane recruitment family of APC‐binding proteins, is a positive regulator of Wnt‐beta‐catenin signalling. The FEBS Journal, 281, 787–801.
Brembeck,, F. H., Schwarz‐Romond,, T., Bakkers,, J., Wilhelm,, S., Hammerschmidt,, M., & Birchmeier,, W. (2004). Essential role of BCL9‐2 in the switch between beta‐catenin`s adhesive and transcriptional functions. Genes %26 Development, 18, 2225–2230.
Brown,, A. M., Papkoff,, J., Fung,, Y. K., Shackleford,, G. M., & Varmus,, H. E. (1987). Identification of protein products encoded by the proto‐oncogene int‐1. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 7, 3971–3977.
Brunner,, E., Peter,, O., Schweizer,, L., & Basler,, K. (1997). Pangolin encodes a Lef‐1 homologue that acts downstream of armadillo to transduce the wingless signal in drosophila. Nature, 385, 829–833.
Bunaciu,, R. P., Tang,, T., & Mao,, C. D. (2008). Differential expression of Wnt13 isoforms during leukemic cell differentiation. Oncology Reports, 20, 195–201.
Burrus,, L. W., & McMahon,, A. P. (1995). Biochemical analysis of murine Wnt proteins reveals both shared and distinct properties. Experimental Cell Research, 220, 363–373.
Callow,, M. G., Tran,, H., Phu,, L., Lau,, T., Lee,, J., Sandoval,, W. N., … Costa,, M. (2011). Ubiquitin ligase RNF146 regulates tankyrase and axin to promote Wnt signaling. PLoS One, 6, e22595.
Capurro,, M., Martin,, T., Shi,, W., & Filmus,, J. (2014). Glypican‐3 binds to frizzled and plays a direct role in the stimulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Journal of Cell Science, 127, 1565–1575.
Cavallo,, R. A., Cox,, R. T., Moline,, M. M., Roose,, J., Polevoy,, G. A., Clevers,, H., … Bejsovec,, A. (1998). Groucho interact to repress wingless signalling activity. Nature, 395, 604–608.
Chamorro,, M. N., Schwartz,, D. R., Vonica,, A., Brivanlou,, A. H., Cho,, K. R., & Varmus,, H. E. (2005). FGF‐20 and DKK1 are transcriptional targets of beta‐catenin and FGF‐20 is implicated in cancer and development. The EMBO Journal, 24, 73–84.
Chen,, B., Dodge,, M. E., Tang,, W., Lu,, J., Ma,, Z., Fan,, C. W., … Lum,, L. (2009). Small molecule‐mediated disruption of Wnt‐dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer. Nature Chemical Biology, 5, 100–107.
Chen,, Q., Takada,, R., Noda,, C., Kobayashi,, S., & Takada,, S. (2016). Different populations of Wnt‐containing vesicles are individually released from polarized epithelial cells. Scientific Reports, 6, 35562.
Chen,, X., Wang,, R., Liu,, X., Wu,, Y., Zhou,, T., Yang,, Y., … Ying,, Q. L. (2017). A chemical‐genetic approach reveals the distinct roles of GSK3alpha and GSK3beta in regulating embryonic stem cell fate. Developmental Cell, 43, 563–576 e564.
Cheng,, Z., Biechele,, T., Wei,, Z., Morrone,, S., Moon,, R. T., Wang,, L., & Xu,, W. (2011). Crystal structures of the extracellular domain of LRP6 and its complex with DKK1. Nature Structural %26 Molecular Biology, 18, 1204–1210.
Chinnadurai,, G. (2002). CtBP, an unconventional transcriptional corepressor in development and oncogenesis. Molecular Cell, 9, 213–224.
Cho,, C., Smallwood,, P. M., & Nathans,, J. (2017). Reck and Gpr124 are essential receptor cofactors for Wnt7a/Wnt7b‐specific signaling in mammalian CNS angiogenesis and blood‐brain barrier regulation. Neuron, 95, 1221–1225.
Choi,, J., Park,, S. Y., Costantini,, F., Jho,, E. H., & Joo,, C. K. (2004). Adenomatous polyposis coli is down‐regulated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in a process facilitated by axin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 49188–49198.
Clevers,, H., & Nusse,, R. (2012). Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling and disease. Cell, 149, 1192–1205.
Cliffe,, A., Hamada,, F., & Bienz,, M. (2003). A role of dishevelled in relocating axin to the plasma membrane during wingless signaling. Current Biology, 13, 960–966.
Cong,, F., Schweizer,, L., & Varmus,, H. (2004). Casein kinase Iepsilon modulates the signaling specificities of dishevelled. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 24, 2000–2011.
Coombs,, G. S., Yu,, J., Canning,, C. A., Veltri,, C. A., Covey,, T. M., Cheong,, J. K., … Virshup,, D. M. (2010). WLS‐dependent secretion of WNT3A requires Ser209 acylation and vacuolar acidification. Journal of Cell Science, 123, 3357–3367.
Coudreuse,, D. Y., Roel,, G., Betist,, M. C., Destree,, O., & Korswagen,, H. C. (2006). Wnt gradient formation requires retromer function in Wnt‐producing cells. Science, 312, 921–924.
Covey,, T. M., Kaur,, S., Tan Ong,, T., Proffitt,, K. D., Wu,, Y., Tan,, P., & Virshup,, D. M. (2012). PORCN moonlights in a Wnt‐independent pathway that regulates cancer cell proliferation. PLoS One, 7, e34532.
Cselenyi,, C. S., Jernigan,, K. K., Tahinci,, E., Thorne,, C. A., Lee,, L. A., & Lee,, E. (2008). LRP6 transduces a canonical Wnt signal independently of axin degradation by inhibiting GSK3`s phosphorylation of beta‐catenin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 8032–8037.
Dann,, C. E., Hsieh,, J. C., Rattner,, A., Sharma,, D., Nathans,, J., & Leahy,, D. J. (2001). Insights into Wnt binding and signalling from the structures of two frizzled cysteine‐rich domains. Nature, 412, 86–90.
Davidson,, G., Mao,, B., del Barco Barrantes,, I., & Niehrs,, C. (2002). Kremen proteins interact with Dickkopf1 to regulate anteroposterior CNS patterning. Development, 129, 5587–5596.
Davidson,, G., Wu,, W., Shen,, J., Bilic,, J., Fenger,, U., Stannek,, P., … Niehrs,, C. (2005). Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal transduction. Nature, 438, 867–872.
de Visser,, K. E., Ciampricotti,, M., Michalak,, E. M., Tan,, D. W., Speksnijder,, E. N., Hau,, C. S., … Jonkers,, J. (2012). Developmental stage‐specific contribution of LGR5(+) cells to basal and luminal epithelial lineages in the postnatal mammary gland. The Journal of Pathology, 228, 300–309.
Dichmann,, D. S., Walentek,, P., & Harland,, R. M. (2015). The alternative splicing regulator Tra2b is required for somitogenesis and regulates splicing of an inhibitory Wnt11b isoform. Cell Reports, 10, 527–536.
Dijksterhuis,, J. P., Baljinnyam,, B., Stanger,, K., Sercan,, H. O., Ji,, Y., Andres,, O., … Schulte,, G. (2015). Systematic mapping of WNT‐FZD protein interactions reveals functional selectivity by distinct WNT‐FZD pairs. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290, 6789–6798.
DiNardo,, S., Sher,, E., Heemskerk‐Jongens,, J., Kassis,, J. A., & O`Farrell,, P. H. (1988). Two‐tiered regulation of spatially patterned engrailed gene expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. Nature, 332, 604–609.
Doble,, B. W., Patel,, S., Wood,, G. A., Kockeritz,, L. K., & Woodgett,, J. R. (2007). Functional redundancy of GSK‐3alpha and GSK‐3beta in Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling shown by using an allelic series of embryonic stem cell lines. Developmental Cell, 12, 957–971.
Dodge,, M. E., Moon,, J., Tuladhar,, R., Lu,, J., Jacob,, L. S., Zhang,, L. S., … Lum,, L. (2012). Diverse chemical scaffolds support direct inhibition of the membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase porcupine. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 23246–23254.
Dorsky,, R. I., Itoh,, M., Moon,, R. T., & Chitnis,, A. (2003). Two tcf3 genes cooperate to pattern the zebrafish brain. Development, 130, 1937–1947.
Eguchi,, M., Nguyen,, C., Lee,, S. C., & Kahn,, M. (2005). ICG‐001, a novel small molecule regulator of TCF/beta‐catenin transcription. Medicinal Chemistry, 1, 467–472.
Etheridge,, S. L., Ray,, S., Li,, S., Hamblet,, N. S., Lijam,, N., Tsang,, M., … Wynshaw‐Boris,, A. (2008). Murine dishevelled 3 functions in redundant pathways with dishevelled 1 and 2 in normal cardiac outflow tract, cochlea, and neural tube development. PLoS Genetics, 4, e1000259.
Fagotto,, F., Funayama,, N., Gluck,, U., & Gumbiner,, B. M. (1996). Binding to cadherins antagonizes the signaling activity of beta‐catenin during axis formation in Xenopus. The Journal of Cell Biology, 132, 1105–1114.
Fagotto,, F., Gluck,, U., & Gumbiner,, B. M. (1998). Nuclear localization signal‐independent and importin/karyopherin‐independent nuclear import of beta‐catenin. Current Biology, 8, 181–190.
Faux,, M. C., Coates,, J. L., Catimel,, B., Cody,, S., Clayton,, A. H., Layton,, M. J., & Burgess,, A. W. (2008). Recruitment of adenomatous polyposis coli and beta‐catenin to axin‐puncta. Oncogene, 27, 5808–5820.
Fear,, M. W., Kelsell,, D. P., Spurr,, N. K., & Barnes,, M. R. (2000). Wnt‐16a, a novel Wnt‐16 isoform, which shows differential expression in adult human tissues. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 278, 814–820.
Fei,, C., He,, X., Xie,, S., Miao,, H., Zhou,, Z., & Li,, L. (2014). Smurf1‐mediated axin ubiquitination requires Smurf1 C2 domain and is cell cycle‐dependent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289, 14170–14177.
Fernandez,, A., Huggins,, I. J., Perna,, L., Brafman,, D., Lu,, D., Yao,, S., … Willert,, K. (2014). The WNT receptor FZD7 is required for maintenance of the pluripotent state in human embryonic stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 1409–1414.
Fiedler,, M., Mendoza‐Topaz,, C., Rutherford,, T. J., Mieszczanek,, J., & Bienz,, M. (2011). Dishevelled interacts with the DIX domain polymerization interface of axin to interfere with its function in down‐regulating beta‐catenin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 1937–1942.
Finch,, P. W., He,, X., Kelley,, M. J., Uren,, A., Schaudies,, R. P., Popescu,, N. C., … Rubin,, J. S. (1997). Purification and molecular cloning of a secreted, frizzled‐related antagonist of Wnt action. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 6770–6775.
Flowers,, G. P., Topczewska,, J. M., & Topczewski,, J. (2012). A zebrafish notum homolog specifically blocks the Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling pathway. Development, 139, 2416–2425.
Fu,, J., Jiang,, M., Mirando,, A. J., Yu,, H. M., & Hsu,, W. (2009). Reciprocal regulation of Wnt and Gpr177/mouse Wntless is required for embryonic axis formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 18598–18603.
Fukuda,, T., Chen,, L., Endo,, T., Tang,, L., Lu,, D., Castro,, J. E., … Kipps,, T. J. (2008). Antisera induced by infusions of autologous Ad‐CD154‐leukemia B cells identify ROR1 as an oncofetal antigen and receptor for Wnt5a. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 3047–3052.
Galli,, L. M., Barnes,, T., Cheng,, T., Acosta,, L., Anglade,, A., Willert,, K., … Burrus,, L. W. (2006). Differential inhibition of Wnt‐3a by Sfrp‐1, Sfrp‐2, and Sfrp‐3. Developmental Dynamics, 235, 681–690.
Gao,, Z. H., Seeling,, J. M., Hill,, V., Yochum,, A., & Virshup,, D. M. (2002). Casein kinase I phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta‐catenin degradation complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 1182–1187.
Gavin,, B. J., McMahon,, J. A., & McMahon,, A. P. (1990). Expression of multiple novel Wnt‐1/int‐1‐related genes during fetal and adult mouse development. Genes %26 Development, 4, 2319–2332.
Gerlitz,, O., & Basler,, K. (2002). Wingful, an extracellular feedback inhibitor of wingless. Genes %26 Development, 16, 1055–1059.
Giraldez,, A. J., Copley,, R. R., & Cohen,, S. M. (2002). HSPG modification by the secreted enzyme notum shapes the wingless morphogen gradient. Developmental Cell, 2, 667–676.
Gonzalez‐Sancho,, J. M., Aguilera,, O., Garcia,, J. M., Pendas‐Franco,, N., Pena,, C., Cal,, S., … Munoz,, A. (2005). The Wnt antagonist DICKKOPF‐1 gene is a downstream target of beta‐catenin/TCF and is downregulated in human colon cancer. Oncogene, 24, 1098–1103.
Goodman,, R. M., Thombre,, S., Firtina,, Z., Gray,, D., Betts,, D., Roebuck,, J., … Selva,, E. M. (2006). Sprinter: A novel transmembrane protein required for Wg secretion and signaling. Development, 133, 4901–4911.
Gorrepati,, L., Krause,, M. W., Chen,, W., Brodigan,, T. M., Correa‐Mendez,, M., & Eisenmann,, D. M. (2015). Identification of Wnt pathway target genes regulating the division and differentiation of larval seam cells and Vulval precursor cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3, 5, 1551–1566.
Gottardi,, C. J., & Gumbiner,, B. M. (2004). Distinct molecular forms of beta‐catenin are targeted to adhesive or transcriptional complexes. The Journal of Cell Biology, 167, 339–349.
Gottardi,, C. J., Wong,, E., & Gumbiner,, B. M. (2001). E‐cadherin suppresses cellular transformation by inhibiting beta‐catenin signaling in an adhesion‐independent manner. The Journal of Cell Biology, 153, 1049–1060.
Grainger,, S., Richter,, J., Palazon,, R. E., Pouget,, C., Lonquich,, B., Wirth,, S., … Willert,, K. (2016). Wnt9a is required for the aortic amplification of nascent hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Reports, 17, 1595–1606.
Greco,, V., Hannus,, M., & Argosomes,, E. S. (2001). A potential vehicle for the spread of morphogens through epithelia. Cell, 106, 633–645.
Gross,, J. C., Chaudhary,, V., Bartscherer,, K., & Boutros,, M. (2012). Active Wnt proteins are secreted on exosomes. Nature Cell Biology, 14, 1036–1045.
Habib,, S. J., Chen,, B. C., Tsai,, F. C., Anastassiadis,, K., Meyer,, T., Betzig,, E., & Nusse,, R. (2013). A localized Wnt signal orients asymmetric stem cell division in vitro. Science, 339, 1445–1448.
Hacker,, U., Lin,, X., & Perrimon,, N. (1997). The Drosophila sugarless gene modulates wingless signaling and encodes an enzyme involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Development, 124, 3565–3573.
Haerry,, T. E., Heslip,, T. R., Marsh,, J. L., & O`Connor,, M. B. (1997). Defects in glucuronate biosynthesis disrupt wingless signaling in Drosophila. Development, 124, 3055–3064.
Hammerlein,, A., Weiske,, J., & Huber,, O. A. (2005). Second protein kinase CK1‐mediated step negatively regulates Wnt signalling by disrupting the lymphocyte enhancer factor‐1/beta‐catenin complex. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 62, 606–618.
Han,, C., Belenkaya,, T. Y., Khodoun,, M., Tauchi,, M., Lin,, X., & Lin,, X. (2004). Distinct and collaborative roles of Drosophila EXT family proteins in morphogen signalling and gradient formation. Development, 131, 1563–1575.
Hao,, H. X., Xie,, Y., Zhang,, Y., Charlat,, O., Oster,, E., Avello,, M., … Cong,, F. (2012). ZNRF3 promotes Wnt receptor turnover in an R‐spondin‐sensitive manner. Nature, 485, 195–200.
Harada,, T., Yamamoto,, H., Kishida,, S., Kishida,, M., Awada,, C., Takao,, T., & Kikuchi,, A. (2017). Wnt5b‐associated exosomes promote cancer cell migration and proliferation. Cancer Science, 108, 42–52.
Harterink,, M., Port,, F., Lorenowicz,, M. J., McGough,, I. J., Silhankova,, M., Betist,, M. C., … Korswagen,, H. C. (2011). A SNX3‐dependent retromer pathway mediates retrograde transport of the Wnt sorting receptor Wntless and is required for Wnt secretion. Nature Cell Biology, 13, 914–923.
Hayes,, M., Naito,, M., Daulat,, A., Angers,, S., & Ciruna,, B. (2013). Ptk7 promotes non‐canonical Wnt/PCP‐mediated morphogenesis and inhibits Wnt/beta‐catenin‐dependent cell fate decisions during vertebrate development. Development, 140, 1807–1818.
Heasman,, J., Crawford,, A., Goldstone,, K., Garner‐Hamrick,, P., Gumbiner,, B., McCrea,, P., … Wylie,, C. (1994). Overexpression of cadherins and underexpression of beta‐catenin inhibit dorsal mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos. Cell, 79, 791–803.
Henderson, Jr., W. R., Chi,, E. Y., Ye,, X., Nguyen,, C., Tien,, Y. T., Zhou,, B., … Kahn,, M. (2010). Inhibition of Wnt/beta‐catenin/CREB binding protein (CBP) signaling reverses pulmonary fibrosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 14309–14314.
Herr,, P., & Basler,, K. (2012). Porcupine‐mediated lipidation is required for Wnt recognition by Wls. Developmental Biology, 361, 392–402.
Herzig,, M., Savarese,, F., Novatchkova,, M., Semb,, H., & Christofori,, G. (2007). Tumor progression induced by the loss of E‐cadherin independent of beta‐catenin/Tcf‐mediated Wnt signaling. Oncogene, 26, 2290–2298.
Hikasa,, H., Ezan,, J., Itoh,, K., Li,, X., Klymkowsky,, M. W., & Sokol,, S. Y. (2010). Regulation of TCF3 by Wnt‐dependent phosphorylation during vertebrate axis specification. Developmental Cell, 19, 521–532.
Hikasa,, H., & Sokol,, S. Y. (2011). Phosphorylation of TCF proteins by homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, 12093–12100.
Hirsch,, D., Barker,, N., McNeil,, N., Hu,, Y., Camps,, J., McKinnon,, K., … Gaiser,, T. (2014). LGR5 positivity defines stem‐like cells in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis, 35, 849–858.
Ho,, H. Y., Susman,, M. W., Bikoff,, J. B., Ryu,, Y. K., Jonas,, A. M., Hu,, L., … Greenberg,, M. E. (2012). Wnt5a‐Ror‐dishevelled signaling constitutes a core developmental pathway that controls tissue morphogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 4044–4051.
Hoffmans,, R., & Basler,, K. (2007). BCL9‐2 binds arm/beta‐catenin in a Tyr142‐independent manner and requires pygopus for its function in Wg/Wnt signaling. Mechanisms of Development, 124, 59–67.
Hsieh,, J. C., Kodjabachian,, L., Rebbert,, M. L., Rattner,, A., Smallwood,, P. M., Samos,, C. H., … Nathans,, J. (1999). A new secreted protein that binds to Wnt proteins and inhibits their activities. Nature, 398, 431–436.
Hsiung,, F., Ramirez‐Weber,, F. A., Iwaki,, D. D., & Kornberg,, T. B. (2005). Dependence of Drosophila wing imaginal disc cytonemes on decapentaplegic. Nature, 437, 560–563.
Huang,, H., & Kornberg,, T. B. (2015). Myoblast cytonemes mediate Wg signaling from the wing imaginal disc and Delta‐Notch signaling to the air sac primordium. eLife, 4, e06114.
Huang,, S. M., Mishina,, Y. M., Liu,, S., Cheung,, A., Stegmeier,, F., Michaud,, G. A., … Cong,, F. (2009). Tankyrase inhibition stabilizes axin and antagonizes Wnt signalling. Nature, 461, 614–620.
Huber,, O., Korn,, R., McLaughlin,, J., Ohsugi,, M., Herrmann,, B. G., & Kemler,, R. (1996). Nuclear localization of beta‐catenin by interaction with transcription factor LEF‐1. Mechanisms of Development, 59, 3–10.
Huggins,, I. J., Bos,, T., Gaylord,, O., Jessen,, C., Lonquich,, B., Puranen,, A., … Willert,, K. (2017). The WNT target SP5 negatively regulates WNT transcriptional programs in human pluripotent stem cells. Nature Communications, 8, 1034.
Ikeda,, S., Kishida,, S., Yamamoto,, H., Murai,, H., Koyama,, S., & Kikuchi,, A. (1998). Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with GSK‐3beta and beta‐catenin and promotes GSK‐3beta‐dependent phosphorylation of beta‐catenin. The EMBO Journal, 17, 1371–1384.
Inoue,, T., Oz,, H. S., Wiland,, D., Gharib,, S., Deshpande,, R., Hill,, R. J., … Sternberg,, P. W. (2004). C. elegans LIN‐18 is a Ryk ortholog and functions in parallel to LIN‐17/frizzled in Wnt signaling. Cell, 118, 795–806.
Ishitani,, T., Ninomiya‐Tsuji,, J., Nagai,, S., Nishita,, M., Meneghini,, M., Barker,, N., … Matsumoto,, K. (1999). The TAK1‐NLK‐MAPK‐related pathway antagonizes signalling between beta‐catenin and transcription factor TCF. Nature, 399, 798–802.
Itoh,, K., Krupnik,, V. E., & Sokol,, S. Y. (1998). Axis determination in Xenopus involves biochemical interactions of axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and beta‐catenin. Current Biology, 8, 591–594.
Jackson,, B. M., Abete‐Luzi,, P., Krause,, M. W., & Eisenmann,, D. M. (2014). Use of an activated beta‐catenin to identify Wnt pathway target genes in caenorhabditis elegans, including a subset of collagen genes expressed in late larval development. G3, 4, 733–747.
Jaks,, V., Barker,, N., Kasper,, M., van Es,, J. H., Snippert,, H. J., Clevers,, H., & Toftgard,, R. (2008). Lgr5 marks cycling, yet long‐lived, hair follicle stem cells. Nature Genetics, 40, 1291–1299.
Janda,, C. Y., Dang,, L. T., You,, C., Chang,, J., de Lau,, W., Zhong,, Z. A., … Garcia,, K. C. (2017). Surrogate Wnt agonists that phenocopy canonical Wnt and beta‐catenin signalling. Nature, 545, 234–237.
Janda,, C. Y., Waghray,, D., Levin,, A. M., Thomas,, C., & Garcia,, K. C. (2012). Structural basis of Wnt recognition by frizzled. Science, 337, 59–64.
Jho,, E. H., Zhang,, T., Domon,, C., Joo,, C. K., Freund,, J. N., & Costantini,, F. (2002). Wnt/beta‐catenin/Tcf signaling induces the transcription of Axin2, a negative regulator of the signaling pathway. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 22, 1172–1183.
Jiang,, J. (2017). CK1 in developmental signaling: Hedgehog and Wnt. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 123, 303–329.
Jiang,, X., Charlat,, O., Zamponi,, R., Yang,, Y., & Cong,, F. (2015). Dishevelled promotes Wnt receptor degradation through recruitment of ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 ubiquitin ligases. Molecular Cell, 58, 522–533.
Kakugawa,, S., Langton,, P. F., Zebisch,, M., Howell,, S. A., Chang,, T. H., Liu,, Y., … Vincent,, J. P. (2015). Notum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity. Nature, 519, 187–192.
Katanaev,, V. L., Ponzielli,, R., Semeriva,, M., & Tomlinson,, A. (2005). Trimeric G protein‐dependent frizzled signaling in Drosophila. Cell, 120, 111–122.
Katoh,, M., Kirikoshi,, H., Saitoh,, T., Sagara,, N., & Koike,, J. (2000). Alternative splicing of the WNT‐2B/WNT‐13 gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 275, 209–216.
Kemper,, K., Prasetyanti,, P. R., De Lau,, W., Rodermond,, H., Clevers,, H., & Medema,, J. P. (2012). Monoclonal antibodies against Lgr5 identify human colorectal cancer stem cells. Stem Cells, 30, 2378–2386.
Khare,, N., & Baumgartner,, S. (2000). Dally‐like protein, a new Drosophila glypican with expression overlapping with wingless. Mechanisms of Development, 99, 199–202.
Kilander,, M. B., Dahlstrom,, J., & Schulte,, G. (2014). Assessment of frizzled 6 membrane mobility by FRAP supports G protein coupling and reveals WNT‐frizzled selectivity. Cellular Signalling, 26, 1943–1949.
Kilander,, M. B., Petersen,, J., Andressen,, K. W., Ganji,, R. S., Levy,, F. O., Schuster,, J., … Schulte,, G. (2014). Disheveled regulates precoupling of heterotrimeric G proteins to frizzled 6. The FASEB Journal, 28, 2293–2305.
Kim,, C. H., Oda,, T., Itoh,, M., Jiang,, D., Artinger,, K. B., Chandrasekharappa,, S. C., … Chitnis,, A. B. (2000). Repressor activity of headless/Tcf3 is essential for vertebrate head formation. Nature, 407, 913–916.
Kim,, M. J., Chia,, I. V., & Costantini,, F. (2008). SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect axin from ubiquitination and confer protein stability. FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 22, 3785–3794.
Kim,, S., & Jho,, E. H. (2010). The protein stability of axin, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, is regulated by Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2). The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 36420–36426.
Kim,, S. E., Huang,, H., Zhao,, M., Zhang,, X., Zhang,, A., Semonov,, M. V., … He,, X. (2013). Wnt stabilization of beta‐catenin reveals principles for morphogen receptor‐scaffold assemblies. Science, 340, 867–870.
Kinzler,, K. W., Nilbert,, M. C., Su,, L. K., Vogelstein,, B., Bryan,, T. M., Levy,, D. B., … Nakamura,, Y. (1991). Identification of FAP locus genes from chromosome 5q21. Science, 253, 661–665.
Kishida,, M., Hino,, S., Michiue,, T., Yamamoto,, H., Kishida,, S., Fukui,, A., … Kikuchi,, A. (2001). Synergistic activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by Dvl and casein kinase Iepsilon. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 33147–33155.
Kishida,, S., Yamamoto,, H., Ikeda,, S., Kishida,, M., Sakamoto,, I., Koyama,, S., & Kikuchi,, A. (1998). Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, directly interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli and regulates the stabilization of β‐catenin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273, 10823–10826.
Kitagawa,, M., Hatakeyama,, S., Shirane,, M., Matsumoto,, M., Ishida,, N., Hattori,, K., … Nakayama,, K. (1999). An F‐box protein, FWD1, mediates ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis of beta‐catenin. The EMBO Journal, 18, 2401–2410.
Klein,, P. S., & Melton,, D. A. (1996). A molecular mechanism for the effect of lithium on development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 8455–8459.
Klingensmith,, J., Nusse,, R., & Perrimon,, N. (1994). The Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled encodes a novel protein required for response to the wingless signal. Genes %26 Development, 8, 118–130.
Klingensmith,, J., Yang,, Y., Axelrod,, J. D., Beier,, D. R., Perrimon,, N., & Sussman,, D. J. (1996). Conservation of dishevelled structure and function between flies and mice: Isolation and characterization of Dvl2. Mechanisms of Development, 58, 15–26.
Kofron,, M., Birsoy,, B., Houston,, D., Tao,, Q., Wylie,, C., & Heasman,, J. (2007). Wnt11/beta‐catenin signaling in both oocytes and early embryos acts through LRP6‐mediated regulation of axin. Development, 134, 503–513.
Komekado,, H., Yamamoto,, H., Chiba,, T., & Kikuchi,, A. (2007). Glycosylation and palmitoylation of Wnt‐3a are coupled to produce an active form of Wnt‐3a. Genes to Cells, 12, 521–534.
Koo,, B. K., Spit,, M., Jordens,, I., Low,, T. Y., Stange,, D. E., van de Wetering,, M., … Clevers,, H. (2012). Tumour suppressor RNF43 is a stem‐cell E3 ligase that induces endocytosis of Wnt receptors. Nature, 488, 665–669.
Koopmans,, T., Crutzen,, S., Menzen,, M. H., Halayko,, A. J., Hackett,, T. L., Knight,, D. A., & Gosens,, R. (2016). Selective targeting of CREB‐binding protein/beta‐catenin inhibits growth of and extracellular matrix remodelling by airway smooth muscle. British Journal of Pharmacology, 173, 3327–3341.
Korinek,, V., Barker,, N., Morin,, P. J., van Wichen,, D., de Weger,, R., Kinzler,, K. W., … Clevers,, H. (1997). Constitutive transcriptional activation by a beta‐catenin‐Tcf complex in APC−/− colon carcinoma. Science, 275, 1784–1787.
Korkut,, C., Ataman,, B., Ramachandran,, P., Ashley,, J., Barria,, R., Gherbesi,, N., & Budnik,, V. (2009). Trans‐synaptic transmission of vesicular Wnt signals through Evi/Wntless. Cell, 139, 393–404.
Koval,, A., & Katanaev,, V. L. (2011). Wnt3a stimulation elicits G‐protein‐coupled receptor properties of mammalian frizzled proteins. The Biochemical Journal, 433, 435–440.
Kramps,, T., Peter,, O., Brunner,, E., Nellen,, D., Froesch,, B., Chatterjee,, S., … Basler,, K. (2002). Wnt/wingless signaling requires BCL9/legless‐mediated recruitment of pygopus to the nuclear beta‐catenin‐TCF complex. Cell, 109, 47–60.
Kuphal,, F., & Behrens,, J. (2006). E‐cadherin modulates Wnt‐dependent transcription in colorectal cancer cells but does not alter Wnt‐independent gene expression in fibroblasts. Experimental Cell Research, 312, 457–467.
Kurayoshi,, M., Yamamoto,, H., Izumi,, S., & Kikuchi,, A. (2007). Post‐translational palmitoylation and glycosylation of Wnt‐5a are necessary for its signalling. The Biochemical Journal, 402, 515–523.
Lagna,, G., Carnevali,, F., Marchioni,, M., & Hemmati‐Brivanlou,, A. (1999). Negative regulation of axis formation and Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos by the F‐box/WD40 protein beta TrCP. Mechanisms of Development, 80, 101–106.
Lai,, M. B., Zhang,, C., Shi,, J., Johnson,, V., Khandan,, L., McVey,, J., … Junge,, H. J. (2017). TSPAN12 is a Norrin co‐receptor that amplifies frizzled 4 ligand selectivity and signaling. Cell Reports, 19, 2809–2822.
Larraguibel,, J., Weiss,, A. R., Pasula,, D. J., Dhaliwal,, R. S., Kondra,, R., & Van Raay,, T. J. (2015). Wnt ligand‐dependent activation of the negative feedback regulator Nkd1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 26, 2375–2384.
Lee,, E., Salic,, A., & Kirschner,, M. W. (2001). Physiological regulation of [beta]‐catenin stability by Tcf3 and CK1epsilon. The Journal of Cell Biology, 154, 983–993.
Lee,, E., Salic,, A., Kruger,, R., Heinrich,, R., & Kirschner,, M. W. (2003). The roles of APC and axin derived from experimental and theoretical analysis of the Wnt pathway. PLoS Biology, 1, E10.
Lescher,, B., Haenig,, B., & Kispert,, A. (1998). sFRP‐2 is a target of the Wnt‐4 signaling pathway in the developing metanephric kidney. Developmental Dynamics, 213, 440–451.
Leyns,, L., Bouwmeester,, T., Kim,, S. H., Piccolo,, S., & De Robertis,, E. M. (1997). Frzb‐1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling expressed in the Spemann organizer. Cell, 88, 747–756.
Li,, X., Zhang,, Y., Kang,, H., Liu,, W., Liu,, P., Zhang,, J., … Wu,, D. (2005). Sclerostin binds to LRP5/6 and antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 19883–19887.
Lin,, X., & Perrimon,, N. (1999). Dally cooperates with Drosophila frizzled 2 to transduce wingless signalling. Nature, 400, 281–284.
Linnemannstons,, K., Ripp,, C., Honemann‐Capito,, M., Brechtel‐Curth,, K., Hedderich,, M., & Wodarz,, A. (2014). The PTK7‐related transmembrane proteins off‐track and off‐track 2 are co‐receptors for Drosophila Wnt2 required for male fertility. PLoS Genetics, 10, e1004443.
Liu,, C., Kato,, Y., Zhang,, Z., Do,, V. M., Yankner,, B. A., & He,, X. (1999). Beta‐Trcp couples beta‐catenin phosphorylation‐degradation and regulates Xenopus axis formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 6273–6278.
Liu,, C., Li,, Y., Semenov,, M., Han,, C., Baeg,, G. H., Tan,, Y., … He,, X. (2002). Control of beta‐catenin phosphorylation/degradation by a dual‐kinase mechanism. Cell, 108, 837–847.
Liu,, F., van den Broek,, O., Destree,, O., & Hoppler,, S. (2005). Distinct roles for Xenopus Tcf/Lef genes in mediating specific responses to Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling in mesoderm development. Development, 132, 5375–5385.
Liu,, P., Wakamiya,, M., Shea,, M. J., Albrecht,, U., Behringer,, R. R., & Bradley,, A. (1999). Requirement for Wnt3 in vertebrate axis formation. Nature Genetics, 22, 361–365.
Liu,, T., DeCostanzo,, A. J., Liu,, X., Wang,, H., Hallagan,, S., Moon,, R. T., & Malbon,, C. C. (2001). G protein signaling from activated rat frizzled‐1 to the beta‐catenin‐Lef‐Tcf pathway. Science, 292, 1718–1722.
Liu,, Y., Rubin,, B., Bodine,, P. V., & Billiard,, J. (2008). Wnt5a induces homodimerization and activation of Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 105, 497–502.
Lo,, M. C., Gay,, F., Odom,, R., Shi,, Y., & Lin,, R. (2004). Phosphorylation by the beta‐catenin/MAPK complex promotes 14‐3‐3‐mediated nuclear export of TCF/POP‐1 in signal‐responsive cells in C. elegans. Cell, 117, 95–106.
Loh,, K. M., van Amerongen,, R., & Nusse,, R. (2016). Generating cellular diversity and spatial form: Wnt signaling and the evolution of multicellular animals. Developmental Cell, 38, 643–655.
Lu,, W., Yamamoto,, V., Ortega,, B., & Baltimore,, D. (2004). Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Cell, 119, 97–108.
Lu,, X., Borchers,, A. G., Jolicoeur,, C., Rayburn,, H., Baker,, J. C., & Tessier‐Lavigne,, M. (2004). PTK7/CCK‐4 is a novel regulator of planar cell polarity in vertebrates. Nature, 430, 93–98.
Luga,, V., Zhang,, L., Viloria‐Petit,, A. M., Ogunjimi,, A. A., Inanlou,, M. R., Chiu,, E., … Wrana,, J. L. (2012). Exosomes mediate stromal mobilization of autocrine Wnt‐PCP signaling in breast cancer cell migration. Cell, 151, 1542–1556.
Lui,, T. T., Lacroix,, C., Ahmed,, S. M., Goldenberg,, S. J., Leach,, C. A., Daulat,, A. M., & Angers,, S. (2011). The ubiquitin‐specific protease USP34 regulates axin stability and Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 31, 2053–2065.
Malinauskas,, T., Aricescu,, A. R., Lu,, W., Siebold,, C., & Jones,, E. Y. (2011). Modular mechanism of Wnt signaling inhibition by Wnt inhibitory factor 1. Nature Structural %26 Molecular Biology, 18, 886–893.
Mao,, B., Wu,, W., Davidson,, G., Marhold,, J., Li,, M., Mechler,, B. M., … Niehrs,, C. (2002). Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling. Nature, 417, 664–667.
Mao,, J., Wang,, J., Liu,, B., Pan,, W., Farr, 3rd, G. H., Flynn,, C., … Wu,, D. (2001). Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐5 binds to axin and regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Molecular Cell, 7, 801–809.
Maretzky,, T., Reiss,, K., Ludwig,, A., Buchholz,, J., Scholz,, F., Proksch,, E., … Saftig,, P. (2005). ADAM10 mediates E‐cadherin shedding and regulates epithelial cell‐cell adhesion, migration, and beta‐catenin translocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 9182–9187.
Marikawa,, Y., & Elinson,, R. P. (1998). Beta‐TrCP is a negative regulator of Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling pathway and dorsal axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Mechanisms of Development, 77, 75–80.
Martinez,, S., Scerbo,, P., Giordano,, M., Daulat,, A. M., Lhoumeau,, A. C., Thome,, V., … Borg,, J. P. (2015). The PTK7 and ROR2 protein receptors interact in the vertebrate WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290, 30562–30572.
Mason,, J. O., Kitajewski,, J., & Varmus,, H. E. (1992). Mutational analysis of mouse Wnt‐1 identifies two temperature‐sensitive alleles and attributes of Wnt‐1 protein essential for transformation of a mammary cell line. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3, 521–533.
Matoba,, K., Mihara,, E., Tamura‐Kawakami,, K., Miyazaki,, N., Maeda,, S., Hirai,, H., … Takagi,, J. (2017). Conformational freedom of the LRP6 ectodomain is regulated by N‐glycosylation and the binding of the Wnt antagonist Dkk1. Cell Reports, 18, 32–40.
Maubant,, S., Tesson,, B., Maire,, V., Ye,, M., Rigaill,, G., Gentien,, D., … Dubois,, T. (2015). Transcriptome analysis of Wnt3a‐treated triple‐negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One, 10, e0122333.
McCrea,, P. D., Turck,, C. W., & Gumbiner,, B. (1991). A homolog of the armadillo protein in Drosophila (plakoglobin) associated with E‐cadherin. Science, 254, 1359–1361.
Merlos‐Suarez,, A., Barriga,, F. M., Jung,, P., Iglesias,, M., Cespedes,, M. V., Rossell,, D., et al. (2011). The intestinal stem cell signature identifies colorectal cancer stem cells and predicts disease relapse. Cell Stem Cell, 8, 511–524.
Mihara,, E., Hirai,, H., Yamamoto,, H., Tamura‐Kawakami,, K., Matano,, M., Kikuchi,, A., … Takagi,, J. (2016). Active and water‐soluble form of lipidated Wnt protein is maintained by a serum glycoprotein afamin/alpha‐albumin. eLife, 5.
Mikels,, A. J., & Nusse,, R. (2006). Purified Wnt5a protein activates or inhibits beta‐catenin‐TCF signaling depending on receptor context. PLoS Biology, 4, e115.
Mlodzik,, M. (2016). The dishevelled protein family: Still rather a mystery after over 20 years of molecular studies. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 117, 75–91.
Molenaar,, M., van de Wetering,, M., Oosterwegel,, M., Peterson‐Maduro,, J., Godsave,, S., Korinek,, V., … Clevers,, H. (1996). XTcf‐3 transcription factor mediates beta‐catenin‐induced axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Cell, 86, 391–399.
Morin,, P. J., Sparks,, A. B., Korinek,, V., Barker,, N., Clevers,, H., Vogelstein,, B., & Kinzler,, K. W. (1997). Activation of beta‐catenin‐Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta‐catenin or APC. Science, 275, 1787–1790.
Morrell,, N. T., Leucht,, P., Zhao,, L., Kim,, J. B., ten Berge,, D., Ponnusamy,, K., … Nusse,, R. (2008). Liposomal packaging generates Wnt protein with in vivo biological activity. PLoS One, 3, e2930.
Mosimann,, C., Hausmann,, G., & Basler,, K. (2006). Parafibromin/hyrax activates Wnt/Wg target gene transcription by direct association with beta‐catenin/armadillo. Cell, 125, 327–341.
Mulligan,, K. A., Fuerer,, C., Ching,, W., Fish,, M., Willert,, K., & Nusse,, R. (2012). Secreted wingless‐interacting molecule (Swim) promotes long‐range signaling by maintaining wingless solubility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 370–377.
Nabhan,, A., Brownfield,, D. G., Harbury,, P. B., Krasnow,, M. A., & Desai,, T. J. (2018). Single‐cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells. Science, eaam6603.
Nakamura,, Y., de Paiva Alves,, E., Veenstra,, G. J., & Hoppler,, S. (2016). Tissue‐ and stage‐specific Wnt target gene expression is controlled subsequent to beta‐catenin recruitment to cis‐regulatory modules. Development, 143, 1914–1925.
Nathke,, I. S., Adams,, C. L., Polakis,, P., Sellin,, J. H., & Nelson,, W. J. (1996). The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein localizes to plasma membrane sites involved in active cell migration. The Journal of Cell Biology, 134, 165–179.
Neumann,, S., Coudreuse,, D. Y., van der Westhuyzen,, D. R., Eckhardt,, E. R., Korswagen,, H. C., Schmitz,, G., & Sprong,, H. (2009). Mammalian Wnt3a is released on lipoprotein particles. Traffic, 10, 334–343.
Nichols,, A. S., Floyd,, D. H., Bruinsma,, S. P., Narzinski,, K., & Baranski,, T. J. (2013). Frizzled receptors signal through G proteins. Cellular Signalling, 25, 1468–1475.
Niida,, A., Hiroko,, T., Kasai,, M., Furukawa,, Y., Nakamura,, Y., Suzuki,, Y., … Akiyama,, T. (2004). DKK1, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, is a target of the beta‐catenin/TCF pathway. Oncogene, 23, 8520–8526.
Nile,, A. H., Mukund,, S., Stanger,, K., Wang,, W., & Hannoush,, R. N. (2017). Unsaturated fatty acyl recognition by frizzled receptors mediates dimerization upon Wnt ligand binding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, 4147–4152.
Nishisho,, I., Nakamura,, Y., Miyoshi,, Y., Miki,, Y., Ando,, H., Horii,, A., … Hedge,, P. (1991). Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients. Science, 253, 665–669.
Noordermeer,, J., Klingensmith,, J., Perrimon,, N., & Nusse,, R. (1994). Dishevelled and armadillo act in the wingless signalling pathway in Drosophila. Nature, 367, 80–83.
Nusse,, R., Brown,, A., Papkoff,, J., Scambler,, P., Shackleford,, G., McMahon,, A., … Varmus,, H. (1991). A new nomenclature for int‐1 and related genes: The Wnt gene family. Cell, 64, 231.
Nusse,, R., van Ooyen,, A., Cox,, D., Fung,, Y. K., & Varmus,, H. (1984). Mode of proviral activation of a putative mammary oncogene (int‐1) on mouse chromosome 15. Nature, 307, 131–136.
Nusse,, R., & Varmus,, H. E. (1982). Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome. Cell, 31, 99–109.
Nusslein‐Volhard,, C., & Wieschaus,, E. (1980). Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature, 287, 795–801.
Oishi,, I., Suzuki,, H., Onishi,, N., Takada,, R., Kani,, S., Ohkawara,, B., … Minami,, Y. (2003). The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is involved in non‐canonical Wnt5a/JNK signalling pathway. Genes to Cells, 8, 645–654.
Orsulic,, S., & Peifer,, M. (1996). An in vivo structure‐function study of armadillo, the beta‐catenin homologue, reveals both separate and overlapping regions of the protein required for cell adhesion and for wingless signaling. The Journal of Cell Biology, 134, 1283–1300.
Panakova,, D., Sprong,, H., Marois,, E., Thiele,, C., & Eaton,, S. (2005). Lipoprotein particles are required for hedgehog and wingless signalling. Nature, 435, 58–65.
Papkoff,, J., Brown,, A. M., & Varmus,, H. E. (1987). The int‐1 proto‐oncogene products are glycoproteins that appear to enter the secretory pathway. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 7, 3978–3984.
Parker,, D. S., Jemison,, J., & Cadigan,, K. M. (2002). Pygopus, a nuclear PHD‐finger protein required for wingless signaling in Drosophila. Development, 129, 2565–2576.
Patthy,, L. (2000). The WIF module. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 25, 12–13.
Peifer,, M., Pai,, L. M., & Casey,, M. (1994). Phosphorylation of the Drosophila adherens junction protein armadillo: Roles for wingless signal and zeste‐white 3 kinase. Developmental Biology, 166, 543–556.
Peifer,, M., Rauskolb,, C., Williams,, M., Riggleman,, B., & Wieschaus,, E. (1991). The segment polarity gene armadillo interacts with the wingless signaling pathway in both embryonic and adult pattern formation. Development, 111, 1029–1043.
Peifer,, M., Sweeton,, D., Casey,, M., & Wieschaus,, E. (1994). Wingless signal and Zeste‐white 3 kinase trigger opposing changes in the intracellular distribution of armadillo. Development, 120, 369–380.
Penman,, G. A., Leung,, L., & Nathke,, I. S. (2005). The adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) exists in two distinct soluble complexes with different functions. Journal of Cell Science, 118, 4741–4750.
Peradziryi,, H., Kaplan,, N. A., Podleschny,, M., Liu,, X., Wehner,, P., Borchers,, A., & Tolwinski,, N. S. (2011). PTK7/Otk interacts with Wnts and inhibits canonical Wnt signalling. The EMBO Journal, 30, 3729–3740.
Peters,, J. M., McKay,, R. M., McKay,, J. P., & Graff,, J. M. (1999). Casein kinase I transduces Wnt signals. Nature, 401, 345–350.
Petersen,, C. P., & Reddien,, P. W. (2011). Polarized notum activation at wounds inhibits Wnt function to promote planarian head regeneration. Science, 332, 852–855.
Petersen,, J., Wright,, S. C., Rodriguez,, D., Matricon,, P., Lahav,, N., Vromen,, A., … Schulte,, G. (2017). Agonist‐induced dimer dissociation as a macromolecular step in G protein‐coupled receptor signaling. Nature Communications, 8, 226.
Piccolo,, S., Agius,, E., Leyns,, L., Bhattacharyya,, S., Grunz,, H., Bouwmeester,, T., & De Robertis,, E. M. (1999). The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals. Nature, 397, 707–710.
Pinson,, K. I., Brennan,, J., Monkley,, S., Avery,, B. J., & Skarnes,, W. C. (2000). An LDL‐receptor‐related protein mediates Wnt signalling in mice. Nature, 407, 535–538.
Port,, F., Kuster,, M., Herr,, P., Furger,, E., Banziger,, C., Hausmann,, G., & Basler,, K. (2008). Wingless secretion promotes and requires retromer‐dependent cycling of Wntless. Nature Cell Biology, 10, 178–185.
Prasad,, B. C., & Clark,, S. G. (2006). Wnt signaling establishes anteroposterior neuronal polarity and requires retromer in C. elegans. Development, 133, 1757–1766.
Proffitt,, K. D., Madan,, B., Ke,, Z., Pendharkar,, V., Ding,, L., Lee,, M. A., … Virshup,, D. M. (2013). Pharmacological inhibition of the Wnt acyltransferase PORCN prevents growth of WNT‐driven mammary cancer. Cancer Research, 73, 502–507.
Pronobis,, M. I., Deuitch,, N., Posham,, V., Mimori‐Kiyosue,, Y., & Peifer,, M. (2017). Reconstituting regulation of the canonical Wnt pathway by engineering a minimal beta‐catenin destruction machine. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 28, 41–53.
Puppo,, F., Thome,, V., Lhoumeau,, A. C., Cibois,, M., Gangar,, A., Lembo,, F., et al. (2011). Protein tyrosine kinase 7 has a conserved role in Wnt/beta‐catenin canonical signalling. EMBO Reports, 12, 43–49.
Qu,, Y., Olsen,, J. R., Yuan,, X., Cheng,, P. F., Levesque,, M. P., Brokstad,, K. A., … Ke,, X. (2017). Small molecule promotes beta‐catenin citrullination and inhibits Wnt signaling in cancer. Nature Chemical Biology, 14, 94–101.
Radler‐Pohl,, A., Pfeuffer,, I., Karin,, M., & Serfling,, E. (1990). A novel T‐cell trans‐activator that recognizes a phorbol ester‐inducible element of the interleukin‐2 promoter. The New Biologist, 2, 566–573.
Ramakrishnan,, A. B., & Cadigan,, K. M. (2017). Wnt target genes and where to find them. F1000Research, 6, 746.
Rattner,, A., Hsieh,, J. C., Smallwood,, P. M., Gilbert,, D. J., Copeland,, N. G., Jenkins,, N. A., & Nathans,, J. A. (1997). Family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine‐rich ligand‐binding domain of frizzled receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 2859–2863.
Reiss,, K., Maretzky,, T., Ludwig,, A., Tousseyn,, T., de Strooper,, B., Hartmann,, D., & Saftig,, P. (2005). ADAM10 cleavage of N‐cadherin and regulation of cell‐cell adhesion and beta‐catenin nuclear signalling. The EMBO Journal, 24, 742–752.
Rijsewijk,, F., Schuermann,, M., Wagenaar,, E., Parren,, P., Weigel,, D., & Nusse,, R. (1987). The Drosophila homolog of the mouse mammary oncogene int‐1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless. Cell, 50, 649–657.
Roose,, J., Molenaar,, M., Peterson,, J., Hurenkamp,, J., Brantjes,, H., Moerer,, P., … Clevers,, H. (1998). The Xenopus Wnt effector XTcf‐3 interacts with Groucho‐related transcriptional repressors. Nature, 395, 608–612.
Ross,, J., Busch,, J., Mintz,, E., Ng,, D., Stanley,, A., Brafman,, D., … Willert,, K. (2014). A rare human syndrome provides genetic evidence that WNT signaling is required for reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reports, 9, 1770–1780.
Rubinfeld,, B., Albert,, I., Porfiri,, E., Fiol,, C., Munemitsu,, S., & Polakis,, P. (1996). Binding of GSK3beta to the APC‐beta‐catenin complex and regulation of complex assembly. Science, 272, 1023–1026.
Rubinfeld,, B., Albert,, I., Porfiri,, E., Munemitsu,, S., & Polakis,, P. (1997). Loss of beta‐catenin regulation by the APC tumor suppressor protein correlates with loss of structure due to common somatic mutations of the gene. Cancer Research, 57, 4624–4630.
Rubinfeld,, B., Souza,, B., Albert,, I., Muller,, O., Chamberlain,, S. H., Masiarz,, F. R., … Polakis,, P. (1993). Association of the APC gene product with beta‐catenin. Science, 262, 1731–1734.
Rubinfeld,, B., Tice,, D. A., & Polakis,, P. (2001). Axin‐dependent phosphorylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein mediated by casein kinase 1epsilon. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 39037–39045.
Rulifson,, E. J., Wu,, C. H., & Nusse,, R. (2000). Pathway specificity by the bifunctional receptor frizzled is determined by affinity for wingless. Molecular Cell, 6, 117–126.
Sadot,, E., Simcha,, I., Shtutman,, M., Ben‐Ze`ev,, A., & Geiger,, B. (1998). Inhibition of beta‐catenin‐mediated transactivation by cadherin derivatives. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 15339–15344.
Sanson,, B., White,, P., & Vincent,, J. P. (1996). Uncoupling cadherin‐based adhesion from wingless signalling in Drosophila. Nature, 383, 627–630.
Sato,, N., Meijer,, L., Skaltsounis,, L., Greengard,, P., & Brivanlou,, A. H. (2004). Maintenance of pluripotency in human and mouse embryonic stem cells through activation of Wnt signaling by a pharmacological GSK‐3‐specific inhibitor. Nature Medicine, 10, 55–63.
Sato,, T., Vries,, R. G., Snippert,, H. J., van de Wetering,, M., Barker,, N., Stange,, D. E., … Clevers,, H. (2009). Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt‐villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature, 459, 262–265.
Schepers,, A. G., Snippert,, H. J., Stange,, D. E., van den Born,, M., van Es,, J. H., van de Wetering,, M., & Clevers,, H. (2012). Lineage tracing reveals Lgr5+ stem cell activity in mouse intestinal adenomas. Science, 337, 730–735.
Seeling,, J. M., Miller,, J. R., Gil,, R., Moon,, R. T., White,, R., & Virshup,, D. M. (1999). Regulation of beta‐catenin signaling by the B56 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Science, 283, 2089–2091.
Semenov,, M., Tamai,, K., & He,, X. (2005). SOST is a ligand for LRP5/LRP6 and a Wnt signaling inhibitor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 26770–26775.
Semenov,, M. V., Tamai,, K., Brott,, B. K., Kuhl,, M., Sokol,, S., & He,, X. (2001). Head inducer Dickkopf‐1 is a ligand for Wnt coreceptor LRP6. Current Biology, 11, 951–961.
Sharma,, R. P., & Chopra,, V. L. (1976). Effect of the wingless (wg1) mutation on wing and haltere development in Drosophila melanogaster. Developmental Biology, 48, 461–465.
Shibamoto,, S., Higano,, K., Takada,, R., Ito,, F., Takeichi,, M., & Takada,, S. (1998). Cytoskeletal reorganization by soluble Wnt‐3a protein signalling. Genes to Cells, 3, 659–670.
Shimomura,, Y., Agalliu,, D., Vonica,, A., Luria,, V., Wajid,, M., Baumer,, A., … Christiano,, A. M. (2010). APCDD1 is a novel Wnt inhibitor mutated in hereditary hypotrichosis simplex. Nature, 464, 1043–1047.
Shtutman,, M., Zhurinsky,, J., Simcha,, I., Albanese,, C., D`Amico,, M., Pestell,, R., & Ben‐Ze`ev,, A. (1999). The cyclin D1 gene is a target of the beta‐catenin/LEF‐1 pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 5522–5527.
Siegfried,, E., Chou,, T. B., & Perrimon,, N. (1992). Wingless signaling acts through zeste‐white 3, the Drosophila homolog of glycogen synthase kinase‐3, to regulate engrailed and establish cell fate. Cell, 71, 1167–1179.
Slusarski,, D. C., Corces,, V. G., & Moon,, R. T. (1997). Interaction of Wnt and a frizzled homologue triggers G‐protein‐linked phosphatidylinositol signalling. Nature, 390, 410–413.
Slusarski,, D. C., Yang‐Snyder,, J., Busa,, W. B., & Moon,, R. T. (1997). Modulation of embryonic intracellular Ca2+ signaling by Wnt‐5A. Developmental Biology, 182, 114–120.
Smit,, L., Baas,, A., Kuipers,, J., Korswagen,, H., van de Wetering,, M., & Clevers,, H. (2004). Wnt activates the Tak1/Nemo‐like kinase pathway. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 17232–17240.
Song,, N., Schwab,, K. R., Patterson,, L. T., Yamaguchi,, T., Lin,, X., Potter,, S. S., & Lang,, R. A. (2007). Pygopus 2 has a crucial, Wnt pathway‐independent function in lens induction. Development, 134, 1873–1885.
Stanganello,, E., Hagemann,, A. I., Mattes,, B., Sinner,, C., Meyen,, D., Weber,, S., … Scholpp,, S. (2015). Filopodia‐based Wnt transport during vertebrate tissue patterning. Nature Communications, 6, 5846.
Stockinger,, A., Eger,, A., Wolf,, J., Beug,, H., & Foisner,, R. (2001). E‐cadherin regulates cell growth by modulating proliferation‐dependent beta‐catenin transcriptional activity. The Journal of Cell Biology, 154, 1185–1196.
Stratford,, E. W., Daffinrud,, J., Munthe,, E., Castro,, R., Waaler,, J., Krauss,, S., & Myklebost,, O. (2014). The tankyrase‐specific inhibitor JW74 affects cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis and differentiation in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer Medicine, 3, 36–46.
Su,, L. K., Vogelstein,, B., & Kinzler,, K. W. (1993). Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science, 262, 1734–1737.
Surmann‐Schmitt,, C., Widmann,, N., Dietz,, U., Saeger,, B., Eitzinger,, N., Nakamura,, Y., … Stock,, M. (2009). Wif‐1 is expressed at cartilage‐mesenchyme interfaces and impedes Wnt3a‐mediated inhibition of chondrogenesis. Journal of Cell Science, 122, 3627–3637.
Sussman,, D. J., Klingensmith,, J., Salinas,, P., Adams,, P. S., Nusse,, R., & Perrimon,, N. (1994). Isolation and characterization of a mouse homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled. Developmental Biology, 166, 73–86.
Sustmann,, C., Flach,, H., Ebert,, H., Eastman,, Q., & Grosschedl,, R. (2008). Cell‐type‐specific function of BCL9 involves a transcriptional activation domain that synergizes with beta‐catenin. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 28, 3526–3537.
Swiatek,, W., Tsai,, I. C., Klimowski,, L., Pepler,, A., Barnette,, J., Yost,, H. J., & Virshup,, D. M. (2004). Regulation of casein kinase I epsilon activity by Wnt signaling. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 13011–13017.
Tago,, K., Nakamura,, T., Nishita,, M., Hyodo,, J., Nagai,, S., Murata,, Y., … Akiyama,, T. (2000). Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta‐catenin‐interacting protein. Genes %26 Development, 14, 1741–1749.
Takacs,, C. M., Baird,, J. R., Hughes,, E. G., Kent,, S. S., Benchabane,, H., Paik,, R., & Ahmed,, Y. (2008). Dual positive and negative regulation of wingless signaling by adenomatous polyposis coli. Science, 319, 333–336.
Takada,, R., Satomi,, Y., Kurata,, T., Ueno,, N., Norioka,, S., Kondoh,, H., … Takada,, S. (2006). Monounsaturated fatty acid modification of Wnt protein: Its role in Wnt secretion. Developmental Cell, 11, 791–801.
Takahashi,, M., Fujita,, M., Furukawa,, Y., Hamamoto,, R., Shimokawa,, T., Miwa,, N., … Nakamura,, Y. (2002). Isolation of a novel human gene, APCDD1, as a direct target of the beta‐catenin/T‐cell factor 4 complex with probable involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Research, 62, 5651–5656.
Takei,, Y., Ozawa,, Y., Sato,, M., Watanabe,, A., & Tabata,, T. (2004). Three Drosophila EXT genes shape morphogen gradients through synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Development, 131, 73–82.
Tamai,, K., Semenov,, M., Kato,, Y., Spokony,, R., Liu,, C., Katsuyama,, Y., … He,, X. (2000). LDL‐receptor‐related proteins in Wnt signal transduction. Nature, 407, 530–535.
Tang,, X., Wu,, Y., Belenkaya,, T. Y., Huang,, Q., Ray,, L., Qu,, J., & Lin,, X. (2012). Roles of N‐glycosylation and lipidation in Wg secretion and signaling. Developmental Biology, 364, 32–41.
Tauriello,, D. V., Jordens,, I., Kirchner,, K., Slootstra,, J. W., Kruitwagen,, T., Bouwman,, B. A., … Maurice,, M. M. (2012). Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling requires interaction of the Dishevelled DEP domain and C terminus with a discontinuous motif in frizzled. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, E812–E820.
Teh,, M. T., Blaydon,, D., Ghali,, L. R., Briggs,, V., Edmunds,, S., Pantazi,, E., … Philpott,, M. P. (2007). Role for WNT16B in human epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Journal of Cell Science, 120, 330–339.
Theisen,, H., Purcell,, J., Bennett,, M., Kansagara,, D., Syed,, A., & Marsh,, J. L. (1994). Dishevelled is required during wingless signaling to establish both cell polarity and cell identity. Development, 120, 347–360.
Thompson,, B., Townsley,, F., Rosin‐Arbesfeld,, R., Musisi,, H., & Bienz,, M. (2002). A new nuclear component of the Wnt signalling pathway. Nature Cell Biology, 4, 367–373.
Thorne,, C. A., Hanson,, A. J., Schneider,, J., Tahinci,, E., Orton,, D., Cselenyi,, C. S., … Lee,, E. (2010). Small‐molecule inhibition of Wnt signaling through activation of casein kinase 1alpha. Nature Chemical Biology, 6, 829–836.
Tolwinski,, N. S., Wehrli,, M., Rives,, A., Erdeniz,, N., DiNardo,, S., & Wieschaus,, E. (2003). Wg/Wnt signal can be transmitted through arrow/LRP5,6 and axin independently of Zw3/Gsk3beta activity. Developmental Cell, 4, 407–418.
Tolwinski,, N. S., & Wieschaus,, E. (2001). Armadillo nuclear import is regulated by cytoplasmic anchor axin and nuclear anchor dTCF/pan. Development, 128, 2107–2117.
Torisu,, Y., Watanabe,, A., Nonaka,, A., Midorikawa,, Y., Makuuchi,, M., Shimamura,, T., … Aburatani,, H. (2008). Human homolog of NOTUM, overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, is regulated transcriptionally by beta‐catenin/TCF. Cancer Science, 99, 1139–1146.
Townsley,, F. M., Cliffe,, A., & Bienz,, M. (2004). Pygopus and legless target armadillo/beta‐catenin to the nucleus to enable its transcriptional co‐activator function. Nature Cell Biology, 6, 626–633.
Travis,, A., Amsterdam,, A., Belanger,, C., & Grosschedl,, R. (1991). LEF‐1, a gene encoding a lymphoid‐specific protein with an HMG domain, regulates T‐cell receptor alpha enhancer function [corrected]. Genes %26 Development, 5, 880–894.
Tsang,, M., Lijam,, N., Yang,, Y., Beier,, D. R., Wynshaw‐Boris,, A., & Sussman,, D. J. (1996). Isolation and characterization of mouse dishevelled‐3. Developmental Dynamics, 207, 253–262.
Tuysuz,, N., van Bloois,, L., van den Brink,, S., Begthel,, H., Verstegen,, M. M., Cruz,, L. J., … Ten Berge,, D. (2017). Lipid‐mediated Wnt protein stabilization enables serum‐free culture of human organ stem cells. Nature Communications, 8, 14578.
Uemura,, K., Kihara,, T., Kuzuya,, A., Okawa,, K., Nishimoto,, T., Bito,, H., … Shimohama,, S. (2006). Activity‐dependent regulation of beta‐catenin via epsilon‐cleavage of N‐cadherin. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 345, 951–958.
van Amerongen,, R. (2012). Alternative Wnt pathways and receptors. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 4.
van de Wetering,, M., Cavallo,, R., Dooijes,, D., van Beest,, M., van Es,, J., Loureiro,, J., … Clevers,, H. (1997). Armadillo coactivates transcription driven by the product of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dTCF. Cell, 88, 789–799.
Van der Flier,, L. G., Sabates‐Bellver,, J., Oving,, I., Haegebarth,, A., De Palo,, M., Anti,, M., … Clevers,, H. (2007). The intestinal Wnt/TCF signature. Gastroenterology, 132, 628–632.
van Leeuwen,, F., Samos,, C. H., & Nusse,, R. (1994). Biological activity of soluble wingless protein in cultured Drosophila imaginal disc cells. Nature, 368, 342–344.
Vanhollebeke,, B., Stone,, O. A., Bostaille,, N., Cho,, C., Zhou,, Y., Maquet,, E., … Stainier,, D. Y. R. (2015). Tip cell‐specific requirement for an atypical Gpr124‐ and Reck‐dependent Wnt/beta‐catenin pathway during brain angiogenesis. eLife, 4.
Voloshanenko,, O., Gmach,, P., Winter,, J., Kranz,, D., & Boutros,, M. (2017). Mapping of Wnt‐frizzled interactions by multiplex CRISPR targeting of receptor gene families. The FASEB Journal, 31, 4832–4844.
Wang,, S., Krinks,, M., Lin,, K., Luyten,, F. P., & Moos, Jr., M. (1997). Frzb, a secreted protein expressed in the Spemann organizer, binds and inhibits Wnt‐8. Cell, 88, 757–766.
Wang,, Z., Tacchelly‐Benites,, O., Yang,, E., & Ahmed,, Y. (2016). Dual roles for membrane Association of Drosophila axin in Wnt signaling. PLoS Genetics, 12, e1006494.
Wehrli,, M., Dougan,, S. T., Caldwell,, K., O`Keefe,, L., Schwartz,, S., Vaizel‐Ohayon,, D., … DiNardo,, S. (2000). Arrow encodes an LDL‐receptor‐related protein essential for wingless signalling. Nature, 407, 527–530.
Willert,, J., Epping,, M., Pollack,, J. R., Brown,, P. O., & Nusse,, R. (2002). A transcriptional response to Wnt protein in human embryonic carcinoma cells. BMC Developmental Biology, 2, 8.
Willert,, K., Brink,, M., Wodarz,, A., Varmus,, H., & Nusse,, R. (1997). Casein kinase 2 associates with and phosphorylates dishevelled. The EMBO Journal, 16, 3089–3096.
Willert,, K., Brown,, J. D., Danenberg,, E., Duncan,, A. W., Weissman,, I. L., Reya,, T., … Nusse,, R. (2003). Wnt proteins are lipid‐modified and can act as stem cell growth factors. Nature, 423, 448–452.
Willert,, K., Shibamoto,, S., & Nusse,, R. (1999). Wnt‐induced dephosphorylation of axin releases beta‐catenin from the axin complex. Genes %26 Development, 13, 1768–1773.
Winston,, J. T., Strack,, P., Beer‐Romero,, P., Chu,, C. Y., Elledge,, S. J., & Harper,, J. W. (1999). The SCFbeta‐TRCP‐ubiquitin ligase complex associates specifically with phosphorylated destruction motifs in IkappaBalpha and beta‐catenin and stimulates IkappaBalpha ubiquitination in vitro. Genes %26 Development, 13, 270–283.
Xavier,, C. P., Melikova,, M., Chuman,, Y., Uren,, A., Baljinnyam,, B., & Rubin,, J. S. (2014). Secreted frizzled‐related protein potentiation versus inhibition of Wnt3a/beta‐catenin signaling. Cellular Signalling, 26, 94–101.
Xu,, M., Liu,, X., Xu,, Y., Zhu,, S., & Gao,, Y. (2017). Coexpression of axin and APC gene fragments inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth via regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports, 16, 3783–3790.
Yamamoto,, H., Kishida,, S., Kishida,, M., Ikeda,, S., Takada,, S., & Kikuchi,, A. (1999). Phosphorylation of axin, a Wnt signal negative regulator, by glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta regulates its stability. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 10681–10684.
Yan,, D., Wallingford,, J. B., Sun,, T. Q., Nelson,, A. M., Sakanaka,, C., Reinhard,, C., … Williams,, L. T. (2001). Cell autonomous regulation of multiple Dishevelled‐dependent pathways by mammalian Nkd. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 3802–3807.
Yanagawa,, S., van Leeuwen,, F., Wodarz,, A., Klingensmith,, J., & Nusse,, R. (1995). The dishevelled protein is modified by wingless signaling in Drosophila. Genes %26 Development, 9, 1087–1097.
Yang,, P. T., Lorenowicz,, M. J., Silhankova,, M., Coudreuse,, D. Y., Betist,, M. C., & Korswagen,, H. C. (2008). Wnt signaling requires retromer‐dependent recycling of MIG‐14/Wntless in Wnt‐producing cells. Developmental Cell, 14, 140–147.
Yokoya,, F., Imamoto,, N., Tachibana,, T., & Yoneda,, Y. (1999). Beta‐catenin can be transported into the nucleus in a Ran‐unassisted manner. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 10, 1119–1131.
Yoshikawa,, S., McKinnon,, R. D., Kokel,, M., & Thomas,, J. B. (2003). Wnt‐mediated axon guidance via the Drosophila derailed receptor. Nature, 422, 583–588.
Yost,, C., Torres,, M., Miller,, J. R., Huang,, E., Kimelman,, D., & Moon,, R. T. (1996). The axis‐inducing activity, stability, and subcellular distribution of beta‐catenin is regulated in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Genes %26 Development, 10, 1443–1454.
Yousif,, N. G., Hadi,, N. R., & Hassan,, A. M. (2017). Indocyanine Green‐001 (ICG‐001) attenuates Wnt/beta‐catenin‐induces myocardial injury following sepsis. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 8, 14–20.
Yu,, A., Rual,, J. F., Tamai,, K., Harada,, Y., Vidal,, M., He,, X., & Kirchhausen,, T. (2007). Association of Dishevelled with the clathrin AP‐2 adaptor is required for frizzled endocytosis and planar cell polarity signaling. Developmental Cell, 12, 129–141.
Yu,, J., Chen,, L., Cui,, B., Widhopf, 2nd, G. F., Shen,, Z., Wu,, R., … Kipps,, T. J. (2016). Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization to enhance leukemia chemotaxis and proliferation. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126, 585–598.
Yu,, J., Chia,, J., Canning,, C. A., Jones,, C. M., Bard,, F. A., & Virshup,, D. M. (2014). WLS retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum during Wnt secretion. Developmental Cell, 29, 277–291.
Zeng,, X., Huang,, H., Tamai,, K., Zhang,, X., Harada,, Y., Yokota,, C., … He,, X. (2008). Initiation of Wnt signaling: Control of Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 phosphorylation/activation via frizzled, dishevelled and axin functions. Development, 135, 367–375.
Zeng,, X., Tamai,, K., Doble,, B., Li,, S., Huang,, H., Habas,, R., … He,, X. (2005). A dual‐kinase mechanism for Wnt co‐receptor phosphorylation and activation. Nature, 438, 873–877.
Zhang,, L., Jia,, J., Wang,, B., Amanai,, K., Wharton, Jr., K. A., & Jiang,, J. (2006). Regulation of wingless signaling by the CKI family in Drosophila limb development. Developmental Biology, 299, 221–237.
Zhang,, P., Zhou,, L., Pei,, C., Lin,, X., & Yuan,, Z. (2016). Dysfunction of Wntless triggers the retrograde Golgi‐to‐ER transport of wingless and induces ER stress. Scientific Reports, 6, 19418.
Zhang,, X., Abreu,, J. G., Yokota,, C., MacDonald,, B. T., Singh,, S., Coburn,, K. L., … He,, X. (2012). Tiki1 is required for head formation via Wnt cleavage‐oxidation and inactivation. Cell, 149, 1565–1577.
Zhang,, X., Cheong,, S. M., Amado,, N. G., Reis,, A. H., MacDonald,, B. T., Zebisch,, M., … He,, X. (2015). Notum is required for neural and head induction via Wnt deacylation, oxidation, and inactivation. Developmental Cell, 32, 719–730.
Zhang,, X., MacDonald,, B. T., Gao,, H., Shamashkin,, M., Coyle,, A. J., Martinez,, R. V., & He,, X. (2016). Characterization of Tiki, a new family of Wnt‐specific metalloproteases. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291, 2435–2443.
Zhang,, Y., Liu,, S., Mickanin,, C., Feng,, Y., Charlat,, O., Michaud,, G. A., … Cong,, F. (2011). RNF146 is a poly(ADP‐ribose)‐directed E3 ligase that regulates axin degradation and Wnt signalling. Nature Cell Biology, 13, 623–629.
Loh,, K. M., van Amerongen,, R., & Nusse,, R. (2016a). Generating cellular diversity and spatial form: Wnt signaling and the evolution of multicellular animals. Developmental Cell, 38(6), 643–655.

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.