Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp183-200
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 16:57:49+00:00

Document:
Hungreford (xii cent.); Hungirford (xiii cent.).
The parish was formerly divided into four tithings: Hungerford or Town, Sandon Fee, Eddington with Hidden and Newtown, and Charnham Street. It contains 6,729 acres, of which 3,387 are arable, 1,403 permanent grass and 721 woods and plantations. (fn. 3) The chief crops are wheat, barley, and oats, and there are extensive water meadows. All the land south of the Kennet was formerly included in Savernake Forest.
The town lies on the main road from Salisbury to Oxford, to the south of the River Dun, while a part known as Charnham Street lies between the Dun and the Kennet, along the high road from London to Bath. The Oxford road known in the town as High Street is the principal street, and is continued north of the Kennet and Avon Canal as Bridge Street. The town is grouped about these two streets, the town hall and corn exchange being in High Street. The church and vicarage are in the west of the town, near the canal, and in the east is the Hungerford and Ramsbury union workhouse. There are two breweries and some ironworks, and a trout farm just below the town. North of the Kennet lies the suburb of Eddington, on the roads leading towards London and Oxford. The Great Western railway line from Reading to Devizes, opened on 21 December 1847, runs through the parish with a station here, and the Kennet and Avon Canal, opened early in 1811, runs parallel to it.
Hungerford Park is the property of Mr. H. J. Walmesley; the Priory is the residence of Mr. G. E. Platt; Eddington House, of Mr. E. R. Portal, and Newtown Lodge, of Capt. A. C. Burmester; Chilton Lodge, the residence of the Hon. John Hubert Ward, is situated in a large park, part of which is in Chilton Foliat.
The remains of North Standen chapel, which are now incorporated with a barn standing to the northeast of a farm-house, are of 13th-century date, and consist of the north, south, and west walls of the building. The east wall has gone, but the structure, which measures internally 32 ft. 6 in. by 17 ft. 6 in., appears to comprise the full extent of the nave, the east ends of both side walls showing quoins at the external angles. Whether there was originally a chancel cannot now be stated, but probably the building was a plain rectangle. The walls are 3 ft. thick and of flint rubble with stone dressings and stand 14 ft. in height to the wall-plate inside. The ground has been raised outside some 2 ft. or 3 ft. and the south wall leans outward about 5 in. There is a lancet window in each of the three walls, all with rebated and chamfered jambs and heads, but without hood moulds. The windows are high up in the walls, the sills being 8 ft. above the floor, (fn. 6) and there is a later squareheaded doorway in the south wall to the west of the window, now built up. The west gable is gone, the space between the wall and roof being boarded up at the end, and the thatched roof is carried down on either side of the chapel walls over abutting wooden buildings. There is also a wooden building against the west wall, and eastward the barn is continued to a total length of 88 ft. Nothing of the chapel can, therefore, be seen from the outside. An old flint and brick foundation extending eastward of the chapel walls is apparently of late date. The roof is modern, though old materials have been used in its construction, possibly from a former house near or on the site of the present farm. The farm-house itself seems to belong to three different periods, a flint and brick chimney near the east end, with three square shafts set diagonally, being apparently of 16th-century date, and a low wing to the east of this possibly of the same age. To the west a brick wing facing south with end gables was afterwards added, (fn. 7) and a north block was erected in 1795, a stone over the doorway bearing that date together with the initials R.P. The north block, now the principal front of the house, is a welldesigned two-story brick building with red-tiled roof hipped at the ends. Some distance to the south of the house is said to be the site of a former building. (fn. 8) In the garden in front of the north block is an 18thcentury sundial by Hicks of Newbury.
In 1672 the house of Daniel Reade was licensed for Presbyterian worship, (fn. 9) and Robert Rogers of Hungerford, clerk, was fined £20 in 1673 for preaching twice at conventicles at Aldbourne. (fn. 10) Benjamin Robinson, a Presbyterian minister here from 1693 to 1700, set up a school which afterwards developed into an academy for training ministers (fn. 11); he was summoned to appear before Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, before whom he defended his action, thereby winning the bishop's friendship. (fn. 12) A Wesleyan chapel was erected in Church Street early in the 19th century and was enlarged in 1807, but was replaced in 1869 by a handsomer building in Charnham Street. The Church Street premises were then used for a day and Sunday school. A Congregational chapel was built in 1806 (fn. 13) at the back of the present chapel, which was erected in 1840; the original building is used as a Sunday school, and an additional room was added recently in memory of the Rev. W. H. Summers, the resident pastor here from 1901 to 1906. The Primitive Methodist chapel was founded in 1830, when it formed part of the Shefford mission; the present chapel was built in 1864, and it became the centre of a circuit in 1869. A Sunday school was added in 1907.
There is a barrow in a copse a quarter of a mile south of North Hidden Farm, in Eddington, at a spot known now and in 1677 as Barrow Hill; it has not been explored.
In 1568–9 the tenants and inhabitants filed a bill in the duchy court against Brian Gunter respecting the rights of pasture in Freemen's Marsh, and this action seems to have raised the whole question of the status of the inhabitants. (fn. 29) In the course of the suit it was found that certain of the town documents were missing and this led to further action in 1573. (fn. 30) The inhabitants of the town alleged that William Butler, who had been constable in 1572, and John Lovelake had fraudulently disposed of John of Gaunt's charter and other valuable documents. (fn. 31) They also complained in 1574 that John Hall, farmer of the vicarage of Kintbury, claimed the bailiwick of the town and intended to infringe their ancient rights and privileges. These rights, they said, consisted of the power of the freeholders and inhabitants to elect a jury at their Hocktide court, and a constable, who executed the office of coroner, feodary, escheator, and clerk of the market. (fn. 32) The burgesses were non-suited with regard to their action about the missing charters, as it did not appear to the court that they were a corporate body able to sue, nor had it been proved that any charters had been taken or embezzled, and in any case no injury had been proved. (fn. 33) The queen, however, in 1574 gave an order that the inhabitants should have their ancient rights, (fn. 34) though she was careful not to specify what these were.
The attorney-general of the duchy, having thus discovered that the rights claimed were supported only by prescription and that no charters were in existence, filed an information in 1579 against John Youll and other burgesses for usurping certain liberties in the manor and town, including the profits of the Hocktide court, the manorial profits from the commons and meadows, the tolls of the markets and fairs and the fishing. (fn. 35) This information appears, however, to have been dropped, for in 1582 the inhabitants placed on record their ancient customs.
About 1600 a memorial was drafted asking for a charter of incorporation, but this appears not to have been forwarded, (fn. 36) and on 27 May 1612 John Lucas and others purchased all the rights in dispute, namely, the borough or manor of Hungerford, with rents, pleas and perquisites of the borough court and the fishery from John Eldred and William Whitmore, who had purchased them from the duchy of Lancaster 2 March previously. (fn. 37) All these rights were conveyed by Lucas and the others in 1613 to William Elgar of Elcot in Kintbury and Anthony Field, who the following day enfeoffed the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Parry, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, Sir Francis Knollys, John Worrall, clerk, John Lucas, Robert Field, Thomas Carpenter, Ralph Mackerell, Thomas Sheaf, clerk, and Erasmus Webb, clerk, prebendary of Windsor, in trust for the benefit of all the inhabitants, except the tenants of the Dean and Chapter of Windsor.
This settlement was not, however, considered satisfactory, and legal proceedings followed, but in 1617 Sir Francis Knollys, Thomas Sheaf, D.D., John Worrall, clerk, John Lucas and Robert Field conveyed the estate to fourteen trustees for the inhabitants of the borough. (fn. 38) The estate is still held in trust by feoffees, six being appointed from time to time when that number of vacancies occurs.
The actual government of the borough is in the hands of the Hock-tide jury, consisting of twenty to twenty-four persons selected by the commoners, who form the Hock-tide court. The principal officer is the constable, who is ex officio coroner of the town and manor.
The ancient ceremonies at Hock-tide are still performed at Hungerford. The Hock-tide jury are chosen by lot on Easter Tuesday from among the commoners in the presence of such burgesses as choose to be present; the jury thus selected are summoned during the same week to attend the court. On Friday the 'Macaroni supper' is held at the 'John of Gaunt' or 'Duke of Lancaster's Arms,' which is town property, and before supper the constable receives the rents. On Tuesday, known as Hock Tuesday, Hockney Day or Tutti Day, the jury assemble in the town hall, formerly at eight o'clock, but now at nine, though at eight the horn is blown from the window of the town hall. Shortly before nine o'clock the bell-man or assistant bailiff perambulates the town, ringing his bell and crying, 'Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All ye commoners of the borough of Hungerford are requested to attend at your courthouse at nine o'clock this morning on pain of being fined. God save the king!' The assistant bailiff is supplied every alternate year with a new official dress consisting of a grey coat with scarlet facings and brass buttons and a tall hat with a gold band; the commoners who do not wish to attend pay the 'commoners' penny' to him as he passes.
The court assembles at nine o'clock and the constable takes his seat in a carved ebony chair, once called John-o'-Gaunt's chair. The jury of twentyfour is summoned, a foreman selected, and the jury empanelled and sworn. Then the town clerk or steward, called formerly the seneschal, reads the 'Ancient Customs' and recites the provisions of John of Gaunt's grant. A list of free-suitors is then read, and the assistant bailiff again rings his bell, proclaiming from the door, 'All ye commoners of the borough of Hungerford, draw forward and answer to your names, or you will be fined.' The list of the commoners is then read and fines received on behalf of absentees. After the constable has submitted the accounts the court proceeds to elect the officers for the year: the constable, a portreeve who collects the quit-rents, a bailiff who collects the market tolls, three water-bailiffs, three overseers of the Common Port Down, a hay ward and three keepers of the keys of the common coffer, two of the four tithing-men (for these are elected for two years) and two ale-tasters; the two 'searchers and sealers of leather' and two 'tasters of flesh and fish' are now no longer appointed. The town clerk then reads the various presentments of the jury and an opportunity is given to the commoners to propose new by-laws or to ventilate grievances.
Meanwhile two of the tithing-men, known as tutti-men, start out round the town. Earlier in the day they have called at the constable's house for the 'tutti poles,' long staves bearing traces of faded colour and gilding, decorated for the day with long streamers of pale blue ribbon and bouquets of hothouse flowers. Armed with these, and accompanied by a man bearing a basket of oranges, they visit the schools and ask for a half-holiday, distributing oranges to the children and later to the old people at the workhouse. In former days they collected the headpenny from every male over twelve years of age, but this custom has been discontinued; nevertheless, they expect to receive a coin of the realm from each householder wherewith to defray the cost of the oranges. The tithing-men were considered to have the right to kiss every lady they met in each house visited, and to each so honoured they handed an orange affixed by a spike to the end of the tutti pole; this part of the ceremony appears now to be falling into disuse.
After the court the constable presides at a luncheon held at the 'Three Swans,' after which oranges and hot coppers are thrown to the children in the street; the party then drink 'ye ancient Plantagenet punch,' and new comers or 'colts' are shod by having nails driven into their shoes, while they are expected to pay their footing by contributing to the cost of the punch.
On the following Friday the court of the manor of Sandon Fee is held at nine o'clock; the court elects two tithing-men, a hayward and two overseers of the Freemen's Marsh. The resident roll of the fee is still kept up and the head-penny exacted.
The town possesses two horns which are used on the occasion of the Hock-tide ceremonies. One of these is supposed to have been given by John of Gaunt, who gave a similar one to the town of Tutbury, and this is inscribed with the word 'Hungerford,' partly defaced, and another word which has been variously read 'actel' or 'astel.' The other horn seems to have been given later by one of the constables, for it bears the inscription, 'Jehosophat Lucas was constable, 1634,' while along the side of the horn runs a further inscription: 'John. a. Gaun . did . give . and . grant . the . Riall . Fishing . to . Hvngerford . towne . from . Eldren . Stub . to . Irish . Stil . exepting . som . several . Mil . Povnd.' (fn. 40) This Jehosaphat Lucas seems to have been related to 'the John Lucas who was one of the original feoffees of the manor in 1617. (fn. 41) It was returned in 1543 that the town hall was ruinous and utterly decayed. (fn. 42) The site of the present town hall and corn exchange was acquired by the feoffees by exchange (fn. 43) and the buildings were erected in 1870.
There was a market at Hungerford in 1296, when the tolls belonged to the Earl of Lancaster, (fn. 44) and a fair is mentioned in 1361. (fn. 45) In 1487 John Gunter made a return of the profits derived from the manor, when the townsmen alleged that they were excused by charter from paying anything to the Crown on account of the market tolls. (fn. 46) The tolls of the fair and market passed with the manor to the town feoffees. (fn. 47) In 1792 the market day was Wednesday, and fairs were held on the last Wednesday in April and on 10 August and statute fairs on the Mondays before and after Michaelmas. (fn. 48) Before 1888 the date of the August fair had been altered to 17 August and the statute fairs were then held on the Wednesdays before and after 11 October. (fn. 49) At the present day the weekly market is held on Wednesdays, a fair for cattle on the last Wednesday in April, for wool the last week in June and for sheep on 17 August; two statute fairs are held on the Wednesday before and the Wednesday after Old Michaelmas Day.
The Earls of Lancaster bore England with the difference of a label of France.
John of Gaunt and his wife received licence in 1366 to place this and other manors in settlement, (fn. 83) and he died on 3 February 1399, leaving a son Henry, who ascended the throne on 30 September 1399 as King Henry IV. The manor thus came to the Crown and formed part of the duchy of Lancaster.
King Edward IV seems to have granted the manor to Elizabeth, his consort, for life. (fn. 94) It was granted on 25 July 1483 by King Richard III to his kinsman John Howard, (fn. 95) who had been created Duke of Norfolk on 28 June that year and was slain at Bosworth on 22 August 1485 and attainted 7 November following. (fn. 96) The manor thus again returned to the Crown and was granted in 1548–9 by King Edward VI to his uncle, Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of the Realm. (fn. 97) He was beheaded on 22 January 1552 and attainted, and all his honours were forfeited, (fn. 98) and Hungerford again returned to the Crown.
Various surveys of the manor were made between this date (fn. 99) and 1612, when it was granted to John Eldred and William Whitmore. (fn. 100) From this time the manor followed the descent of the borough (fn. 101) (q.v.).
Willes. Argent a cheveron sable between three molets gules.
Meanwhile Robert Fokeram granted the reversion of the fee, after the death of Margaret, to John de Rivers, clerk, son and heir of Sir Richard de Rivers, and after the death of Margaret, which occurred in or before 1340, John obtained possession of the fee, which he released to Henry Earl of Lancaster in April 1350. (fn. 147) The Duke of Lancaster was holding it in 1428, when it was stated that a former tenant had been Thomas Abboteston, (fn. 148) and it was granted on 20 May 1446 to Sir Walter Hungerford. (fn. 149) This fee passed with the manor of Hungerford to the feoffees of the town, who now hold it.
An estate known as HELME probably originated in land held by Ralph de Helme in the 12th century, when he received from Gilbert de Brutenoles a grant of land in Sandon with liberty to have 150 sheep and fourteen cattle on his pasture, with pannage in Helme Wood. (fn. 150) Adam de Helme seems to have succeeded him, and at his death William de Brutenoles granted the marriage and wardship of his heirs to Herbert de Tanet, rector of the church of Bedwyn. (fn. 151) John de Helme was living early in the 14th century, but had died before 1318, when Margery his widow demised land at Sandon to Geoffrey King of Hungerford and Joan his wife. (fn. 152) Another John de Helme received a grant in 1349 from John le Smith of land in Sandon in exchange for land in Hungerford in the field known as Everlong, (fn. 153) and this John was living in 1357. (fn. 154) William Helme of Sandon and Agnes his wife sold this estate, by the name of the manor of Helme in the fee of Sandon, in 1419 to John Leych of Templeton, (fn. 155) while in 1457 Thomas Helme of Hungerford demised to Thomas Fawler of Leverton his pasture called Frithdown or Sandonysdowne, which belonged to the lordship of Helme. (fn. 156) Thomas Fawler granted all his estate in Hungerford on 6 January 1462 to Ellen the widow of John Drew of West Shefford and Thomas her son, (fn. 157) and Harry the son of Thomas Drew demised the farm called Helmes in 1484 to John Helme or Salman. (fn. 158) This farm afterwards passed to the Darells, and was sold in 1563 by William Darell to John Curr. (fn. 159) A capital messuage called 'Holme Place' belonged in 1635 to Thomas Curr, who forfeited two-thirds of it on account of recusancy. He was pardoned and this part was leased to him in 1637 for twenty-one years. (fn. 160) The descent of this farm has not been traced further, but constant references have been found to Helmes Heath as part of the waste of the manor of Hungerford.
Ellis Farman seems to have supported Thomas Earl of Lancaster in his revolt against Edward II, and received pardon for his offences in 1318. (fn. 174) He was accused in 1335 of assaulting John de Hungerford. (fn. 175) He executed a deed in 1350, (fn. 176) in which year he appears to have died. Peter the son of Ellis granted Ponzardesland to Robert de Hungerford in 1350 on condition that Robert should in his lifetime and at his own expense appropriate it to the chantry of the Holy Trinity of Hungerford. Robert died without having fulfilled this condition, and Peter re-entered upon the land, which was thereupon taken into the king's hands, (fn. 177) and granted in 1373 to Hans, one of the king's henchmen. It was confirmed to Hans in 1380, and at his request granted in the same year to John Gobeon (fn. 178); meanwhile Peter petitioned for restitution, and the estate was restored to him on 24 November of that year on payment of a fine of 10s. (fn. 179) Peter enfeoffed William Haynes in 1381, (fn. 180) and William, who with Agnes his wife made a settlement of the estate a few years later, was living in 1391, but died before 1395, when Agnes received pardon for having made this settlement without licence. (fn. 181) Agnes appears to have married John Smith, and was holding this estate in 1426, (fn. 182) after which no further reference to it has been found.
In 1284 the prior received a charter from Edmund Crouchback confirming him in possession of the manor of Hidden and the vill of Eddington, (fn. 223) while in a grant of 14 September 1291 Edmund authorized the monks to hold their views of frankpledge without the assistance of his bailiff. (fn. 224) The prior obtained a grant of free warren here in 1332, (fn. 225) and in 1345 had licence to charge this manor with a rent of 10 marks for the chaplain of a chantry founded by Elizabeth widow of William Montagu in the priory church. (fn. 226) John of Gaunt seems to have demanded a subsidy from this manor towards the marriage portion of his daughter, but this was disallowed by the king on 28 October 1375. (fn. 227) The priory was suppressed on 3 May 1524, (fn. 228) when this manor passed to the Crown.
The king granted it in 1525 to Cardinal Wolsey, who gave it the following year to the Dean and Canons of Wolsey's college at Oxford. (fn. 229) On the dissolution of that college the king granted it in 1532 to John Bishop of Lincoln, and others, to the use of the Dean and Canons of King Henry the Eighth's College. (fn. 230) John Olyver, LL.D., the dean, with the canons of the college, leased it in December 1534 to Richard Watkyns of London, (fn. 231) and the manor was valued the next year at £22, subject to an annual rent of 40s. to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor. (fn. 232) King Henry the Eighth's College was dissolved in 1545 and this manor came again to the Crown.
George Grymsdyche was in 1546 appointed bailiff of the manor, (fn. 233) which was surveyed for Queen Elizabeth in 1573, (fn. 234) and on the expiration of the lease of 1534 the manor was leased in 1588–9 to Edmund Frost. (fn. 235) The queen sold it on 28 November 1599 for £964 10s. to James Clerke and Richard Bartlett. (fn. 236) It is not clear what happened to it during the next few years, but in 1623 it belonged to Sir Thomas Hinton (fn. 237) who sold it in 1633 to Thomas Hussey (fn. 238) of Hungerford Park.
Whitelocks. Azure a cheveron engrailed between three aeagles close or.
He, who was a Prebendary of Rochester, seems to have died soon after purchasing this estate, which passed to his widow Isabel. She died in 1855, (fn. 249) and by her will dated 18 March 1847 bequeathed the estate to her grandson William Honywood, (fn. 250) son of Sir John Courtenay Honywood, and Mary Anne daughter of the Rev. Sir William Henry Cooper. He served as lieutenant-colonel of the Berkshire Yeomanry, retiring as honorary colonel in 1876. (fn. 251) He sold the manor in 1890 to Sir William George Pearce, (fn. 252) bart., of the Inner Temple, M.P. for Plymouth 1892 to 1895 and honorary colonel of the 2nd Devonshire Volunteer Artillery. (fn. 253) He died childless on 2 November 1907, (fn. 254) bequeathing this estate by his will dated 3 May 1906 to his wife Caroline Eva. (fn. 255) She died on 24 December in the same year, (fn. 256) and on 2 July 1908 her executors conveyed the manor to Charles Crutchley and others, who sold it the following day to H. W. Henderson. He conveyed the manor in 1909 to the Hon. Jean Templeton Reid Ward, daughter of the late Whitelaw Reid, ambassador from the United States of America, and wife of the Hon. John Hubert Ward, second son of William first Earl of Dudley.
A mill is mentioned in the Domesday Survey, (fn. 258) and land was acquired in the 13th century to improve this. (fn. 259) A windmill is referred to in 1336–7, (fn. 260) two water-mills in 1525, (fn. 261) 1588–9 (fn. 262) and 1780. (fn. 263) There are two flour-mills at Eddington at the present day.
A free fishery is mentioned as belonging to the manor in 1663, (fn. 264) and is again referred to in 1780 (fn. 265) and 1807, (fn. 266) when it is stated to be in the Kennet River.
John was a weaver and had been summoned for a debt in 1438, (fn. 290) and he had witnessed a deed on 18 May 1458 as Constable of Hungerford. (fn. 291) He or his heirs seem to have sold the manor soon afterwards, and in 1494 land at Charnham Street was held of John Isbury, (fn. 292) who was perhaps the owner of Charlton at that date, for in 1502 he and his wife Elizabeth conveyed his manor, now called the manor of Hopgrass, to trustees. (fn. 293) John had married as his first wife Ann daughter of Thomas Essex of Wansdown Green, and the settlement seems to have been in favour of his brother-in-law, Sir William Essex of Lambourn, (fn. 294) who was holding this manor in 1538. (fn. 295) From his son Sir Thomas this manor seems to have passed to the latter's fourth son, Humphrey Essex of Lambourn, who was holding it in 1559. (fn. 296) Though Humphrey had two sons, this manor passed to his brother George, who was holding it in 1568–9. It was then and in 1581 held under a lease by Brian Gunter. (fn. 297) George Essex's sister married Sir Edward Darell of Littlecote, and the manor seems to have passed to the latter's son William, who conveyed it in 1586 to Edward Rogers and James Clarke, apparently in trust for John Popham. (fn. 298) It has since passed, like the adjoining manor of North Standen (q.v.), with the Littlecote estate, (fn. 299) and is now the property of Mr. Hugh Francis Arthur Leyborne-Popham.
There were two mills in the manor in 1086, and one mill is mentioned in 1331, (fn. 300) but there is none at the present day.
It seems possible that Hugh de Standen was the Hugh de St. Martin who was holding the larger share of the manor a little later. (fn. 309) He was succeeded about 1247 by his son Peter, (fn. 310) who gave up this manor to Patrick de Chaworth, his overlord, by whom it was demised before 1249 to Peter Chaceporc. (fn. 311) Patrick had, however, resumed the manor into his own hands before his death, which occurred in 1258, though both John widow of Hugh de St. Martin and Margery, Peter's widow, held dower there. (fn. 312) Standen then formed part of Patrick's barony of Kempsford (co. Gloucs.), and besides the manor he held a mill (fn. 313) there of Sir William de St. Martin as of the fee of Chisbury (co. Wilts.). (fn. 314) The manor was assigned in dower to his widow, (fn. 315) and it passed on her death in 1274 to her son Sir Pain de Chaworth. (fn. 316) Pain was succeeded in 1279 by his brother Patrick, (fn. 317) who died seised of the manor in 1283. (fn. 318) Margery Dansey, Peter de St. Martin's widow, still held dower there. Standen was assigned to Patrick's widow Isabel, who afterwards married Hugh le Despenser. (fn. 319) His daughter and heir Maud married Henry (fn. 320) second son of Edmund Crouchback, who became Earl of Lancaster in 1327. (fn. 321) Standen thus became part of the duchy of Lancaster.
In 1349 it was granted by Henry Earl of Lancaster to Sir John de Walkyngton for life (fn. 322) and it was held of the Duke of Lancaster at the time of his death in 1361 by Sir Andrew Peverel. (fn. 323) It followed the same descent as Hungerford Manor to the Crown, (fn. 324) and was granted in 1548 to Edward Duke of Somerset (fn. 325); but in 1605 Edmund Hungerford is spoken of as lord of the manor when permission was granted to him to inclose the lands, as there was only one freeholder left, his father Edmund Hungerford, senior. (fn. 326) The manor was granted in 1608 to Edward Phillips and John Seward, (fn. 327) but Edmund Hungerford was dealing with it in 1650 (fn. 328) and conveyed it in 1656 to Alexander Popham (fn. 329) of Littlecote. Alexander was succeeded by his son Sir Francis Popham, who died on 28 August 1674. (fn. 330) On the death of his son Alexander in 1705 without male issue the manor passed to his uncle Alexander, on whose death his son Francis succeeded.
Francis died in 1735, and his elder son Edward was holding this manor in 1770 (fn. 331) and died in 1779, when his son Francis succeeded. (fn. 332) He died childless in 1780, having devised his estates to his nephew Edward William Leyborne, who then assumed the additional name of Popham. He was succeeded in 1843 by his son Edward William, on whose death unmarried in 1881 the estates passed to his nephew Francis William Leyborne-Popham. (fn. 333) He died on 15 July 1907, and was succeeded by his brother Hugh Francis Arthur Leyborne-Popham, (fn. 334) the present owner of the manor.
Leyborne. Azure six Lions argent.
Popham. Argent a chief gules with two harts' heads cabshed or therein.
Hussey. Barry ermine and gules.
Bray. Argent a Cheveron between three eagle's legs sable razed at the thigh.
Francis Stonehouse of Hungerford Park was succeeded in 1738 by his son Francis, on whose death in 1758 Standen passed to George his son. George died in 1777 apparently without issue, for the manor passed to his brother Francis, who died intestate in 1779, (fn. 387) leaving two daughters Catherine and Elizabeth. Catherine inherited this manor and married John Pearse or Pearce; they were holding in 1791 (fn. 388) and 1798, but John died before 5 September 1809, when his executors released a mortgage held on some land in Eddington. (fn. 389) The property was divided between his three daughters, Elizabeth Juliana wife of Thomas Michell, Maria Anne wife of John Hungerford Penruddock of Compton Chamberlayne, and Jane, who married Thomas Bunbury. Thomas Michell and his wife inherited this manor, subject to certain charges in favour of other members of the family, and they were holding it in 1806. (fn. 390) Thomas died 22 November 1809, while his widow survived until 8 January 1856. (fn. 391) Meanwhile Thomas and Jane Bunbury had disposed of their interest in the manor in 1823–4 to Frederick Dowding. (fn. 392) Thomas and Elizabeth Michell left a son and three daughters, among whom the manor was divided, but the son, the Rev. Thomas Penruddock Michell, bought his sisters' shares. He died 24 June 1866, leaving two surviving sons, Thomas Hungerford and Francis, and three daughters, Arabella Juliana, Elizabeth and Georgina. Francis, the younger son, who was a captain in the 41st Foot, died 27 October 1866, (fn. 393) and the remaining members of the family sold the manor on 31 May 1867 to Mrs. Margaret Duncan Dunn, the widow of Major-General William Dunn (fn. 394) of Inglewood and Wallingtons, in the parish of Kintbury.
Goddard. Gules a cheveron vair between three crescents argent.
A mill is mentioned in 1719 and 1792, (fn. 396) but there is none there now.
The church of ST. LAWRENCE is an uninteresting building erected at the beginning of the 19th century in the Gothic style of the day. In a drawing by Samuel Prout, made in 1811, (fn. 397) from the north side, the old church is shown as consisting of chancel, clearstoried nave with aisles, north transept and embattled west tower, but no exact record of it has been preserved and its date can only be conjectured. The large clearstory windows were apparently 15th-century work, but other parts of the structure were older. (fn. 398) The chantry of the Holy Trinity was founded in 1325, (fn. 399) and a fragment of 13th-century stonework with dog-tooth ornament is still preserved.
In 1811 an Act of Parliament was obtained for repairing and improving the old building, the tower of which, being in danger of falling, had been in part taken down. (fn. 400) The tower was thereupon rebuilt and 'an addition was made to the body of the building for the purpose of enlargement, 'but in February 1814, owing to want of proper precautions, 'most of the ancient part of the roof and body of the church fell down.' (fn. 401) Another Act of Parliament was therefore obtained, and every part of the old building was cleared away, the present structure, which was designed by Mr. Pinch of Bath, taking its place. It was opened 30 August 1816.
The church is rectangular in plan, measuring internally 74 ft. by 54 ft., with a shallow apsidal recess at the east end and a western tower 12 ft. square internally, of three stages, with embattled parapet and angle pinnacles. There is also a south porch. As built, the clearstory was carried on iron pillars without arches, the present stone arcades dating only from 1880–1, when the church was restored and reseated and a small porch added in the angle of the apse and south aisle.
The font belongs to the former building and is of 15th-century date, octagonal in plan, with panelled bowl and shaft, the former with a quatrefoil within a circle on each side.
The pulpit is a modern one of stone and alabaster, erected in 1891 in memory of John and Anne Lidderdale.
There is a ring of six bells, five cast in 1816 by James Wells of Aldbourne, Wilts., and the tenor in 1830 by Thomas Mears of Whitechapel. (fn. 406) There is also a little bell by William Taylor of Oxford, 1847.
The registers of baptisms and burials begin in 1559 and marriages in 1562.
The churchwardens' accounts begin in 1659.
The church of ST. SAVIOUR, Eddington, was built in 1868 on a site given by William Honywood. It is of red and white brick with stone dressings in 13th-century style, consisting of chancel, nave, north aisle, south porch and western bell-turret. It serves as a chapel of ease to the parish church.
The mission church of ST. MARY THE VIRGIN, Newtown, is a small building consisting of apsidal chancel, nave, south porch and bell-turret.
Between 1150 and 1160 the Prior of St. Frideswide erected a chapel at Eddington on land granted to him by Bartholomew de Denford, (fn. 423) and it seems probable that this chapel was actually situated beyond the boundaries of the parish so as to keep within the letter of the agreement between the prior and the Abbot of Bec. It was, moreover, ordained that no one should celebrate divine service there but the prior or one of the canons, and that no parishioner of Hungerford should be allowed to attend it. (fn. 424) The chapel existed in 1331–2, (fn. 425) but no further mention of it has been found. Most of the township is now tithe free, only 51 a. 2 r. 24 p. paying tithe rentcharge, and on this portion the rectorial tithes are less than the vicarial.
There was a chapel in South Standen, dedicated in honour of St. Faith. (fn. 430) It was granted about 1165 by Henry Hussey to Dureford Abbey. (fn. 431) In 1450 the advowson was assigned with the manor to Lady Constance Hussey. (fn. 432) The chapel was probably rebuilt by Sir Reynold Bray, (fn. 433) and it and the tithes belonging to it were granted in 1610–11 by the king to Francis Morice and others. (fn. 434) In 1806 it had been converted into a pigeon-house, (fn. 435) but it was pulled down soon after Major-General Dunn purchased the estate.
Early in the 14th century John Barrfot granted half a burgage in the town for the celebration of mass in the chapel of St. Mary and the maintenance of one wax light before the altar of St. Anne. About the same time Ralph de Baliton granted to Peter, perpetual chaplain of the chapel of St. Mary, land in Stockenestrete. (fn. 439) St. Mary's chantry is again mentioned in 1438, (fn. 440) and in 1457 John Norrys, Cecily widow of Thomas Dyve, John Tukhill and William Horshill, burgesses of Hungerford, received licence to found a chantry in honour of our Lady and St. Lawrence, for the good estate of the king and Queen Margaret, to be called the chantry of the burgesses of Hungerford. (fn. 441) This was probably a refoundation of the former chantry of St. Mary, as only one chantry of that dedication appears afterwards.
A leper-house here is mentioned among the bounds of Savernake Forest in 1228, (fn. 456) and the leprous sisters of St. Lawrence received royal protection on 25 October 1232 (fn. 457); no further reference to it has been found.
The Town and Manor of Hungerford Trust.—This trust is governed by a deed of feoffment dated 16 June 1617, whereby Sir Francis Knollys, kt., and others bargained and sold to Ralph Mackerell and others the borough and manor of Hungerford, as defined in Letters Patent dated 2 March 1612, upon trust to observe and perform the articles annexed to the said deed of feoffment.
Additions to the trust estate have been made from time to time, and especially by allotments under the Inclosure Act and by exchanges under an order of the Inclosure Commissioners of 3 February 1870.
The trust property now consists of the town hall and corn exchange, market and fairs, certain fishery rights, public-house known as the 'Duke of Lancaster's Arms' or the 'John o' Gaunt,' rents of assize, &c., the rights of common over 192 acres known as Port Down and over 62 acres known as Freemen's Marsh, the Church Croft and the Mall adjoining, certain sand-pits and withy beds.
In the year ending Hock-tide (or Easter) 1910 the total receipts were £367 14s. 10d. and the outgoings were £330 8s. 2d., leaving a balance in the constable's hands of £37 6s. 8d.
Educational Charities.—The school was founded in 1653 by Thomas Sheaf, D.D., and endowed by wills of John Hamblin, 1729, and of Elizabeth Cummins, who died in 1745. (fn. 458) In 1884 the grammar school was closed owing to the competition of the elementary schools, and in 1899 the school premises were sold and the proceeds invested with the official trustees.
The endowment consists of 6 acres or thereabouts in Chantry Mead, let at £15 8s. yearly, and £1,303 14s. 6d. consols with the official trustees, producing £32 11s. 8d. yearly.
The income is by the scheme directed to be applied in the maintenance of exhibitions of not less than £5 and not more than £15 yearly, tenable at any institution of secondary or technical education, to be awarded to boys and girls, scholars in a public elementary school, a preference being given to the kin of John Hamblin.
Eleemosynary Charities.—In 1625 Henry Hobbes, by deed, gave a rent-charge of £2 12s. for the use of the poor. This charge was redeemed in 1905 by the transfer of £104 consols to the official trustees, the dividends being applied in the distribution of articles in kind.
In 1716 Sir Jemmett Raymond, by deed, gave 10s. yearly out of his lands at Kintbury to be distributed among thirty poor widows. The distribution is made once in three years.
In 1729 John Hamblin, by his will, gave £100 to be laid out in land, the rents thereof—subject to the payment of 10s. to the vicar for a sermon on 9 January yearly, 6s. to the ringers and 2s. each to the clerk and sexton— to be distributed in bread to the poor. The endowment now consists of 2 acres or thereabouts in the East Field let at £4 a year, acquired by exchange in 1803 for the land originally purchased.
Elizabeth Cummins, who died in 1745, by her will bequeathed £200, the interest to be expended in bread. The legacy is represented by £293 14s. 9d. consols with the official trustees, and the annual dividends, amounting to £7 6s. 8d., are applied in the distribution of articles in kind.
Apprenticing Charities.—In 1626 Sir Vincent Smith by deed gave for apprenticing two boys two rent-charges of 20s. each, the one issuing out of the 'Green Dragon' in Charnham Street and the other out of Moore's Farm.
In 1626 Robert Field by deed gave 20s. yearly for apprenticing poor boys. The annuity is now paid by the Great Western Railway Company, the present owner of the property charged.
In 1698 the Rev. Ezekiel Lawrence by will gave £5 yearly for apprenticing one poor boy. The charge was redeemed in 1911 by the transfer of £200 consols to the official trustees.
These charities are administered together, a premium of £10 being usually paid.
Ecclesiastical Charities.—The Burial Ground Charity, founded by Harriett Atherton by deed 25 January 1883, is regulated by a scheme of 23 December 1907. The property consists of 5 acres or thereabouts in Hungerford, let at £12 10s. a year, and £411 5s. 3d. India 3 per cent. stock with the official trustees, producing £12 6s. 8d. yearly. Under the scheme one moiety of the net income is applicable in the maintenance of part of St. Saviour's churchyard purchased out of moneys belonging to the charity, and the other moiety in the maintenance of any additional burial ground that may be acquired.
The Church house, erected in 1900 by Sir William George Pearce, is endowed with a sum of £2,528 7s. 10d. India 3½ per cent. stock in the names of the Ven. Archdeacon Ducat and three others, representing a legacy of £2,500 bequeathed by the will of the said Sir William George Pearce, proved at London 18 December 1907. The annual dividends, amounting to £88 9s. 8d., are applied in the upkeep of the church house.
Nonconformist Charities.—The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Church Street, comprised in an indenture 10 September 1807 (enrolled), is used mainly for the purposes of the Wesleyan Day and Sunday school, a new Wesleyan chapel having been provided in another part of the town. The endowment consists of two dwelling-—houses erected on a site adjoining the chapel conveyed by an indenture of 22 June 1814 (enrolled), let at £18 10s. yearly.
In 1897 Mrs. Fanny Langford, by her will proved at London 17 December, bequeathed £1,000, the income thereof—subject to a life interest which determined in 1904—to be devoted to the interests of Wesleyan Methodism in Hungerford. The sum of £891, representing the legacy less duty, was invested on personal security, producing £32 19s. yearly.
1. Local and Pers. Act, 58 & 59 Vict. cap. 91.
2. Census. of Engl. and Wales, Berks. (1901), 22.
4. There was a bridge over one of the rivers here as early as 1275 (Hund. R. [Rec. Com.], ii, 260).
5. Priv. Act, 51 Geo. III, cap. 53; Blue Bk. Incl. Awards, 7.
6. The window openings are 4 ft. high by 7 in. wide, splaying externally to 15 in. and internally to 3 ft.
7. A date stone over the doorway is hidden by a modern wooden porch.
8. Inform. from Mr. Hissey, the occupier of the house, who states that when the turf is disturbed foundations are found over a large area.
9. Cal. S. P. Dom. 1672, pp. 199, 201.
10. Var. Coll. (Hist. MSS. Com.), i, 152.
13. Congreg. Yr. Bk. 1912.
14. Liber Mon. de Hyda (Rolls Ser.), 10; Berks. Bucks. and Oxon. Arch. Journ. viii, 102.
16. Cal. Pat. 1330–4, pp. 192, 209, 213, 220, 221, 231, 233.
17. Cal. S. P. Dom. 1644, p. 230.
18. Ibid. 1644–5, pp. 16, 26.
20. Ibid. 1651, p. 406.
23. See under manor and advowson.
24. a Hund. R. (Rec. Com.), i, 19.
25. Pipe R. 20 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc.), 114; 21 Hen. II, 135. The common seal of the borough is mentioned in a charter assigned by Mr. Wigram to about 1170 (Wigram, Cart. of St. Frideswide's [Oxf. Hist. Soc.], ii, 330).
26. Wallace, Endowed Char. of Hungerford (1906), 7, where the subsequent history of these disputes is given at length.
27. Assize R. 37, m. 27 d.; 40, m. 19 d.; 42, m. 19d.
28. Duchy of Lane. Chan. R. 13, no. 47.
29. Ducatus Lane. (Rec. Com.), ii, 373; iii, 22.
30. Duchy of Lane. Pleadings, xlix, no. 6 (copy among Hungerford Town MSS.).
31. Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), iii, 25; Duchy of Lanc. Spec. Com. (copy in Hungerford Town MSS.).
33. Duchy of Lanc. Decrees, file 16 Eliz.
36. Hungerford Town MSS.; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), iii, 365, 491.
37. Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. iv; Hungerford Town MSS.
39. Condensed from an account written by the late Rev. W. H. Summers, and submitted by him to several of the more experienced officials of the town. See also Money, Hist. Sketch of the Town of Hungerford, 15, 16; N. and Q. (Ser. 5), i, 339; (Ser. 7), xi, 369; Trans. Newbury Dist. Field Club, iii, 203–4.
40. From notes by the late Rev. W. H. Summers; Lysons, Mag. Brit. (ed. 1806), i, 296.
43. Rep. of Royal Com. on Market Rts. and Tolls, xiii (2), 32 et seq.
44. Chan. Inq. p.m. 25 Edw. I, no. 51a.
45. Ibid. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 122.
47. Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. iv.
48. Rep. on Market Rts. i, 137.
50. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. VII), i, 409.
51. L. and P. Hen. VIII, xii (2), 247.
52. Ibid. xv, g. 144 (2); xvi, g. 503 (25).
53. Pat. 2 Edw. VI, pt. vi, m. 17.
54. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), ccclvi, 115.
55. Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. vii, App. i, 228; Buccleugh MSS. at Montagu House (Hist. MSS. Com.), ii (1), 35.
56. Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. v, App. i, 328.
57. Cal. Doc. of France, i, 124.
59. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 43.
61. Pipe R. 19 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc.), 66, 67; 20 Hen. II, 114; 21 Hen. II, 135.
64. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 107; Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 23.
65. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 44.
66. Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 29.
67. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 45.
68. Rot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Com.), i, 83.
70. Cal. Pat. 1258–66, p. 424.
72. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 46.
73. Chan. Inq. p.m. 25 Edw. I, no. 51a.
74. Parl. Writs (Rec. Com.), ii (3), 356.
75. Cal. Pat. 131 7 21, pp. 227, 232.
76. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 6.
77. Cal. Pat. 1321–4, pp. 182, 183; Cal. Close, 1318–23, pp. 578–9.
78. Chan. Inq. p.m. 1 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 88, m. 18.
79. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 7.
80. Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 122.
81. Abbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), ii, 263.
82. Chan. Inq. p.m. 36 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 37.
83. Cal. Pat. 1364–7, p. 328; Duchy of Lanc. Royal Charters, no. 333; Feet of F. Div. Co. Mich. 40 Edw. III, no. 16.
84. Hungerford Town MSS. (certified copy).
85. Cal. Pat. 1413–16, p. 357.
86. Ibid. 1436–41, p. 189.
87. Duchy of Lanc. Chan. R. 13, no. 47.
88. Parl. R. iv, 334, 399a.
89. G.E.C. Peerage, iv, 276.
90. Chan. Inq. p.m. 27 Hen. VI, no. 30.
91. G.E.C. Peerage, iv, 276.
93. Ministers' Accounts for the manor for 1395–6 and for the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV are preserved at the Public Record Office (Mins. Accts. [P.R.O. Lists and Indexes], i, 68, 69, 76, 262).
94. Feet of F. Div. Co. Trin. 15 Edw. IV, no. 102.
95. Cal. Pat. 1476–85, p. 359.
96. G.E.C. Peerage, vi, 44–6.
97. Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Bks. xxii, fol. 30; Pat. 2 Edw. VI, pt. v.
98. G.E.C. Peerage, vii, 173.
99. Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Bks. cviii; Duchy of Lanc. Plead. and Dep. Hen. VIII, xxxviii, 5; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 159; Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Rec. xxv, 36; Hungerford Town MSS.
100. Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. iv.
102. Cal. Chart. R. 1226–57, p. 293. See also Duchy of Lanc. Anct. D. no. 351.
103. Cal. Pat. 1216–25, p. 288.
104. Cal. Pat. 1476–85, p. 537.
105. Chan. Inq. p.m. 25 Edw. I, no. 51a.
106. Cal. Pat. 1340–3, pp. 321, 449; 1345–8, p. 183.
107. Duchy of Lanc. Chan. R. 13, no. 47.
108. Chan. Inq. p.m. 27 Hen. VI, no. 30.
109. Duchy of Lanc. Plead. and Dep. Hen. VIII, xxxviii, 5. Surveys of the park were made in 1555 and 1562 (Ducatus Lanc. [Rec. Com.], ii, 159; Duchy of Lanc. Spec. Com. 4 Eliz. no. 52).
110. Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Bks. xxiii, fol. 30.
111. Ibid. fol. 192, 200d.
112. Ibid. cxvii, fol. 28d.
113. Duchy of Lanc. Cal. of Partic. for Grants, Hen. VIII–2 Anne: grants temp. Eliz. fol. 10.
114. Berks. Bucks. and Oxon. Arch. Journ. i, 123.
116. Lysons, Mag. Brit. (ed. 1806), i, 296.
117. Par. Reg. and M. I.
119. Recov. R. D. Enr. East. 9 Geo. III, m. 44.
120. Lysons, loc. cit.; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xv, App. vii, 289.
122. Burke, Landed Gentry (1906).
123. Inform. supplied by Col. Willes.
124. Chan. Inq. p.m. 25 Edw. I, no. 51a.
125. Mins. Accts. (Gen. Ser.), bdle. 749, no. 20.
126. Wallace, Rep. on Hungerford Char. (1906), in which the whole question of the fishery is fully discussed.
127. Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Bks. cxvii, fol. 31.
130. Duchy of Lanc. Index to Leases, Hen. VIII-Geo. II: leases temp. Eliz. fol. 1 d.
131. Duchy of Lanc. Spec. Com. no. 869.
132. Pat. 9 Jas. I, pt. iv; Hungerford Town MSS.
133. a Cal. Chart. R. 1257–1300, p. 162; Inq. a.q.d. file 308, no. 28; Cal. Pat. 1361–4, p. 50. Numerous leases of the mills are to be found among the duchy of Lancaster leases.
134. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 1938.
135. Excerpta e Rot. Fin. i, 22.
136. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 1974.
137. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 122.
138. Chan. Inq. p.m. 47 Hen. III, no. 16.
139. Ibid. 22 Edw. I, no. 12.
140. Chan. Inq. p.m. 25 Edw. I, no. 51b.
141. Cal. Pat. 1266–72, p. 515; Feet of F. Berks. 7 Edw. I, no. 4.
142. Cal. Pat. 1272–81, p. 433; Inq. s.q.d. file 5, no. 29.
143. Parl. Writs (Rec. Com.), ii (3), 356.
144. Chan. Inq. Misc. file 98, no. 3.
146. Cal. Close, 1323–7, p. 282.
147. Ibid. 1349–54, p. 213.
148. Feud. Aids, i, 67.
149. Duchy of Lanc. Chan. R. 13, no. 47.
150. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 1938.
159. a Recov. R. D. Enr. East. 5 Eliz. m. 15.
160. Pat. 13 Chas. I, pt. xxxix; 14 Chas. I, pt. iii.
161. Rot. de Oblatis et Fin. (Rec. Com.), 164; Red Bk. of Exch. (Rolls Ser.), 514; Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 107. The serjeanty is given in 1263 as that of finding withies for hanging up pieces of meat in the king's kitchen (Cal. Inq. p.m. [Hen. III], i, 165; see also Round, The King's Serjeants and Officers of State, 256).
162. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 127.
163. Ibid. 125; Assize R. 37, m. 30.
164. Chan. Inq. p.m. 47 Hen. III, no. 16.
165. Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.), 187.
166. Chan. Inq. p.m. 22 Edw. I, no. 12; Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.), 234; Cal. Fine R. 1272–1307, p. 343.
167. Chan. Inq. p.m. 33 Edw. I, no. 236; Cal. Pat. 1301–7, p. 428.
168. Cal. Pat. 1313–17, p. 672.
169. Cal. Close, 1349–54, p. 471.
170. Chan. Inq. p.m. 3 Edw. III (2nd nos.), no. 21; Cal. Pat. 1327–30, p. 489.
171. Hunter, Pedes Finium (Rec. Com.), i, 101–2; Feet of F. Berks. 10 Ric. I, no. 16.
172. Feet of F. Berks. 26 Hen. III, no. 13.
173. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 3035.
174. Cal. Pat. 1317–21, p. 232.
175. Ibid. 1334–8, p. 215; see also pp. 353, 375; Cal. Close, 1339–41, p. 550; Cal. Pat. 1340–3, pp. 214–15.
176. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), A 4623.
177. Chan. Inq. p.m. 3 Ric. II, no. 93.
178. Cal. Pat. 1377–81, pp. 486, 506.
180. Ibid. 1381–5, p. 53.
181. Ibid. 1388–92, p. 377; 1391–6, p. 537; Chan. Inq. p.m. 19 Ric. II, no. 57.
183. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 107.
184. Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.), 326.
185. Chan. Inq. p.m. 5 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 47.
186. Ibid. 27 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 63.
187. Cal. Close, 1354–60, p. 6.
188. Chan. Inq. p.m. 38 Edw. III (2nd nos.), no. 12; Inq. a.q.d. file 351, no. 10.
189. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), C 2516.
190. L. and P. Hen. VIII, vi, g. 1383 (27). Ministers' Accounts between 1425 and 1435 for this manor, known variously as Hungerford or Hungerfordescourt, still exist and seem to show that it belonged to Sir Walter Hungerford at the earlier date (Mins. Accts. [Gen. Ser.], bdle. 749, no. 15–22).
191. Hoare, Hist. of Modern Wilts. (Heytesbury Hundred), 109.
193. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, iv, 278.
194. Feet of F. Div. Co. Mich. 21 Hen. VIII. Court Rolls for this manor for the early years of the reign of Henry VIII are preserved at the Public Record Office (Ct. R. [Gen. Ser.], portf. 208, no. 65, &c.).
195. G.E.C. Peerage, iv, 278.
196. Pat. 2 Jas. I, pt. xxv. The advowson of the church of Hungerford Engleford was included in this grant, which was confirmed to Edward Hungerford in 1604.
197. G.E.C. Peerage, iv, 278 n.; Feet of F. Div. Co. Trin. 2 Jas. I.
198. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccvi, 160.
199. Shaw, Knights of Engl. i, 162.
201. Recov. R. Trin. 26 Chas. II, m. 33.
202. Feet of F. Berks. Mich. 2 Jas. II.
203. Recov. R. Trin. 26 Chas. II, m. 33.
204. G.E.C. Peerage, v. 73 and note; vi, 468.
205. Feet of F. Berks. Mich. and Hil. 7 Geo. I.
206. Ibid. East. 10 Geo. I. In one place in the fine William Hungerford is called Walter.
208. M. I. Hungerford Church.
209. Lysons, op. cit. i, 297.
210. Notes from the late Rev. W. H. Summers.
212. Notes from the late Rev. W. H. Summers.
213. V.C.H. Berks. i, 331.
214. Cal. Doc. of France, i, 123–4.
215. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 323, 325, 328–9, 330, 346, 347, 348, 354; Pipe R. 13 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc.), 8; 14 Hen. II, 202; Inq. a.q.d. file 276, no. 6; Cal. Close, 1360–4, p. 208.
216. Cal. Doc. of France, i, 124.
217. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 324, 325, 327.
220. Cal. Rot. Chart. 1199–1216 (Rec. Com.), 23.
221. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 125.
222. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 335.
225. Chart. R. 6 Edw. III, m. 17, no. 26.
226. Inq. a.q.d. file 276, no. 6; Cal. Pat. 1345–8, p. 12.
227. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 354–5.
229. L. and P. Hen. VIII, iv (1), g. 1468 (1); g. 1499 (28); Exch. Inq. p.m. file 796, no. 1213; Dugdale, Mon. ii, 138, 157; Feet of F. Div. Co. Mich. 18 Hen. VIII.
230. L. and P. Hen. VIII, v. g. 1370 (23).
231. Ibid. vii, 1500; Anct. D. (P.R.O.), A 135 88.
232. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 251.
233. L. and P. Hen. VIII, xxi (2), p. 434.
234. Hungerford Town MSS. in a presentment by the Hock-tide jury.
235. Pat. 31 Eliz. pt. v.
236. Cal. S. P. Dom. 1598–1601, p. 347.
237. Feet of F. Berks. Trin. 21 Jas. I.
238. Ibid. Trin. 9 Chas. I.
240. Feet of F. Berks. Trin. 15 Chas. II.
241. Whitelocke, Mem. of Bulstrode Whitelocke, 463.
242. Leverton, part of the same estate, was held by John Whitelocke at that date (Recov. R. Trin. 16 & 17 Geo. II, m. 307).
243. Lysons, op. cit. i, 261.
244. Recov. R. Hil. 20 Geo. III, m. 36; East. 20 Geo. III, m. 15; Recov. R. D. Enr. East. 20 Geo. III, m. 43.
245. Feet of F. Berks. Hil. 47 Geo. III.
248. Inform. from the oldest inhabitant of Chilton Foliat.
249. G.E.C. Baronetage, ii, 447.
254. M. I. Chilton Church.
256. M. I. Chilton Church.
257. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 356–8.
258. V.C.H. Berks. i, 331.
259. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 335.
261. Exch. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), file 796, no. 12, 13.
262. Pat. 31 Eliz. pt. v.
263. Recov. R. Hil. 20 Geo. III, m. 36; East. 20 Geo. III, m. 15.
264. Feet of F. Berks. Trin. 15 Chas. II.
265. Recov. R. Hil. 20 Geo. III, m. 36; East. 20 Geo. III, m. 15.
266. Feet of F. Berks. Hil. 47 Geo. III.
267. Dom. Bk. (Rec. Com.), i, 71b.
268. Will. of Malmesbury, De Gestis Reg. (Rolls Ser.), ii, 372.
269. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 140, 156.
270. Hund. R. (Rec. Com.), ii, 260.
271. Chan. Inq. p.m. 23 Edw. III, pt. ii (1st nos.), no. 152.
272. Feud. Aids, v, 263; Chan. Inq. p.m. 46 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 62; 10 Ric. II, no. 38; 16 Ric. II, pt. i, no. 27; 22 Ric. II, no. 46; 4 Hen. IV, no. 41; 38 & 39 Hen. VI, no. 59.
273. Coll. Topog. et Gen. vi, 334.
274. Feet of F. Wilts. 40 Hen. III, no. 20.
275. Hund. R. (Rec. Com.), ii, 260.
276. Coll. Topog. et Gen. vi, 334.
277. Chan. Inq. a.q.d. file 213, no. 5.
278. Chan. Inq. p.m. 10 Ric. II, no. 38.
279. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 335.
280. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 140, 156.
281. Feet of F. Wilts. 40 Hen. III, no. 20.
282. Ibid. 35 Edw. I, no. 34.
283. Ibid. 6 Edw. III, no. 4. Robert had licence in 1340 to have divine service celebrated in his oratory at Charlton (V.C.H. Berks. ii, 12).
284. Chan. Inq. p.m. 23 Edw. III, pt. ii (1st nos.), no. 152; Cal. Close, 1349–54, p. 112.
285. Chan. Inq. p.m. 10 Ric. II, no. 38. Inq. a.q.d. file 437, no. 4.
287. Feud. Aids, v, 263.
288. Chan. Inq. p.m. 38 & 39 Hen. VI, no. 59.
289. Feet of F. Wilts. 5 Edw. IV, no. 7.
290. Cal. Pat. 1436–41, p. 113.
292. Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, i, 409.
293. Feet of F. Wilts. Mich. 18 Hen. VII.
294. Visit. of Berks. (Harl. Soc.), ii, 125.
295. Recov. R. Mich. 30 Hen. VIII, m. 100.
296. Ibid. Mich. 1 & 2 Eliz. m. 706.
297. Duchy of Lanc. Pleadings, cxvi, C 3; lxxviii, A 6.
298. Feet of F. Wilts. Trin. 28 Eliz.; Recov. R. Mich. 28 Eliz. m. 144.
299. Recov. R. Mich. 22 Chas. II, m. 255; East. 25 Chas. II, m. 156.
300. Pat. 5 Edw. III, pt. ii, m. 13; Inq. a.q.d. file 213, no. 5.
301. Feet of F. Div. Co. 25 Hen. VI, no. 51.
302. Recov. R. Mich. 22 Chas. II, m. 255.
303. Ibid. Mich. 6 Geo. II, m. 486.
304. Dom. Bk. (Rec. Com.), i, 70.
305. Her. and Gen. vi. 247.
306. Dugdale, Baronage, i, 517.
307. Excerpta e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), i, 326.
308. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 142, 157.
310. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. III), i, 22, 114.
311. Cal. Chart. R. 1226–57, p. 345.
312. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. III), i. 114.
313. There was a mill at Standen in 1086 (Dom. Bk. [Rec. Com.], i, 70b).
314. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. III), i, 114.
315. Ibid. Albreda daughter of Hugh de St. Martin and her husband John de Chelmerford released all their right in the manor to Hawisia and her son Pain (Duchy of Lane. Anct. D. no. 179).
316. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Edw. I), ii, 38.
319. Cal. Close, 1279–88, pp. 217, 218, 220, 252, 462.
320. Ibid. 1296–1302, p. 274.
321. G.E.C. Peerage, v, 6.
322. Cal. Pat. 1348–50, p. 366.
323. Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 22.
324. Abbrev. Rot. Orig. (Rec. Com.), ii, 263; Duchy of Lanc. Royal Chart. 333; Cal. Pat. 1413–16, p. 357; Feud. Aids, v, 262; Duchy of Lane. Misc. Bks. xvi, fol. 136, 71 d., 69 d.; xxi, fol. 197 d., 214 d. There are Ministers' Accounts for this manor for the reign of Edward IV (Mins. Accts. [P.R.O. Lists and Indexes], i, 71).
325. Duchy of Lanc. Misc. Bks. xxiii, fol. 30; Pat. 2 Edw. VI, pt. v.
326. Duchy of Lanc. Spec. Com. 3 Jas. I, no. 700.
327. Pat. 5 Jas. I, pt. xxi, m. 1.
328. Feet of F. Wilts. Mich. 1650.
330. Recov. R. East. 25 Chas. II, m. 156; Burke, Landed Gentry (1906).
331. Recov. R. D. Enr. East. 10 Geo. III, m. 76. Edward purchased a fee-farm rent of £18. 7s. 11½d. from this manor and Oakhill at that date from William Morehead. The rent had belonged in 1712 to Maurice Hunt (Recov. R. Trin. 11 Anne, m. 106).
332. Burke, Landed Gentry (1906).
334. Inform. supplied by Mr. Hugh F. A. Leyborne-Popham.
335. Dom. Bk. (Rec. Com.), i, 72b. This manor is returned under Wiltshire in 1086, but in 1290 a third of it was in Berkshire and the rest in Wiltshire (Cal. Inq. p.m. [Edw. I], ii, 473).
336. G.E.C. Peerage, iii, 64.
337. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 119; G.E.C. Peerage, iii, 66.
338. Chan. Inq. p.m. 18 Edw. I, no. 36; Cal. Inq. p.m. (Edw. I), iii, 307; Chan. Inq. p.m. 6 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 66; 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 97; Feud. Aids, v, 264; Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxv, 162.
339. Dugdale, Mon. vi, 937.
340. Pipe R. 1 John, m. 13 d.
341. Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vi, 937.
343. Dugdale, Baronage, i, 623.
344. Excerpta e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Com.), i, 279.
345. Feet of F. Div. Co. 28 Hen. III, no. 65; Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 119, 127.
346. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. III), i, 74.
347. Feet of F. Div. Co. 53 Hen. III, no. 33.
348. Cal. Chart. R. 1257–1300, p. 176.
349. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Edw. I), ii, 473, 474, 475.
350. Cal. Close, 1288–96, p. 100.
351. G.E.C. Complete Peerage, iv, 301.
352. Ibid.; Chan. Inq. p.m. 6 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 66.
353. Cal. Close, 1330–3, p. 469.
354. Cal. Pat. 1334–8, pp. 353, 354, 375.
355. Feet of F. Div. Co. 21 Edw. III, no. 11; Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 97.
356. Chan. Inq. p.m. 23 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 77.
357. Cal. Close, 1349–54, pp. 125, 130.
358. Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, no. 97.
359. Ibid. 7 Ric. II, no. 47.
360. Wrottesley, Ped. from Plea R. 195.
361. Chan. Inq. p.m. 10 Hen. IV, no. 17.
362. Feud. Aids, v, 264. Henry was apparently holding the whole manor, which is said to have been formerly in the possession of Hubert Hussey.
363. Chan. Inq. p.m. 28 Hen. VI, no. 35.
364. Close, 29 Hen. VI, m. 21; see also Add. Chart. 18726, 18748.
366. Cal. Pat. 1467–77, pp. 20, 104; 1452–61, passim.
367. Chan. Inq. p.m. 9 & 10 Edw. IV, no. 47.
368. Wrottesley, op. cit. 443.
369. Cal. Inq. p.m. Hen. VII, i, 26.
370. Feet of F. Div. Co. East. 9 Hen. VII. In 1496 Mark Hussey, clerk, gave up all his claim in the manor (De Banco R. D. Enr. East. 11 Hen. VII, m. 1).
372. Nicolas, Test. Vetusta, i, 446.
373. a Visit. of Surrey (Harl. Soc.), 50, 177.
374. Anct. D. (P.R.O.), D 1156.
375. G.E.C. Peerage, ii, 11.
376. Recov. R. Hil. 25 Hen. VIII, m. 347.
377. Chant. Cert. 58, no. 68.
378. Visit. of Berks. (Harl. Soc.), i, 28.
379. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cxlv, 1.
380. Feet of F. Wilts. Hil. 13 Eliz.
381. Burke, Commoners, iv, 325.
382. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxv, 162.
383. Ashmole, Antiq. of Berks. (ed. 1723), ii, 246–7.
384. Burke, Commoners, iv, 325; Feet of F. Div. Co. East. 1656; Recov. R. Hil. 23 & 24 Chas. II, m. 50.
385. Recov. R. Trin. 36 Chas. II, m. 163.
386. Ibid. East. 5 Geo. I, m. 135, 136; Feet of F. Div. Co. Hil. 5 Geo. I.
387. Par. Reg. and M. I.
388. Feet of F. Wilts. Hil. 31 Geo. III; Recov. R. Hil. 33 Geo. III, m. 309; Mich. 33 Geo. III, m. 54.
389. Title Deeds of Capt. Burmester.
391. Par. Reg.; M. I.; inform. supplied by Miss Wyld.
392. Feet of F. Berks. Mich. 4 & 5 Geo. IV.
393. Par. Reg.; M. I.; inform. supplied by Miss Wyld.
394. Inform. from Mr. Henry D'Oyley W. Astley of Hungerford.
396. Recov. R. East. 5 Geo. I, m. 135; Mich. 33 Geo. III, m. 54.
397. In Beauties of Engl. and Wales, i, 125.
398. 'The church is an ancient structure situated at the end of a pleasant walk, shaded with high trees, in the western quarter of the town; it appears to have been erected at different periods' (ibid.). The trees of this 'pleasant walk' have recently been cut down.
399. The chapel of the Holy Trinity was in the south aisle.
400. Walter Money, Hist. Sketch of Hungerford, 20.
401. Ibid. 21. A brief for rebuilding is dated 1815 (B.M. Ch. Briefs, B iv, 9).
402. It is said to have been cross-legged, but the legs are broken away.
403. Ashmole (Antiq. of Berks. , ii, 247) describes it as a large plate of brass, but the existing inscription is cut in the stone. It is given in Ashmole, and more fully in Money, op. cit. 18.
404. There is a blank shield in the lower lobe of the quatrefoil. The whole stone measures 22½ in. either way.
405. For epitaphs in the church of Hungerford taken July 1766 see Berks. N. and Q. July 1890, pp. 24–9; see also Ashmole, op. cit. ii, 247–8.
407. The date letter is nearly obliterated, but is c. 1740–50.
408. Dugdale, Mon. vi, 1068.
409. Inq. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 10.
410. Wigram, op cit. ii, 324–6.
412. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 331–3.
414. Reg. St. Osmund (Rolls Ser.), i, 189, 190.
415. Mins. Accts. bdle. 1126, no. 16, 17.
416. Inq. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 10; see also 174.
417. Cal. Pat. 1381–5, p. 58; 1388–92, pp. 115, 205, 285; 1391–6, p. 711; 1401–5, pp. 253, 259, 264.
418. Ibid. 1401–5, p. 466.
419. Ibid. 1416–22, p. 441.
420. Chan. Inq. p.m. 14 Hen. VI, no. 36.
421. Dugdale, Mon. vi, 1357; Inst. Bks. (P.R.O.).
422. Money, Church Goods in Berks. 21.
423. Wigram, op. cit. ii, 331; Dugdale, Mon. ii, 138.
426. Cal. Inq. p.m. (Hen. III), i, 113.
427. Cal. Close, 1279–88, p. 252; Cal. Inq. p.m. (Edw. I), ii, 477; Chan. Inq. p.m. 35 Edw. III, pt. i, 22; Cal. Pat. 1396–9, p. 570; 1399–1401, p. 5; and see Cal. Papal Letters, vi, 300. The incumbent of North Standen chapel was frequently warden of St. John's Hospital. It is possible that this chapel was the chapel of St. Michael in Hungerford, a royal foundation mentioned in the Valor of 1535, as St. Michael's chapel has not been otherwise identified (Valor Eccl. [Rec. Com.], ii, 158).
428. Chant. Cert. 58, no. 67.
429. Ibid. 51, no. 38.
430. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii. 158.
431. Dugdale, Mon. vi, 937.
432. Close, 29 Hen. VI, m. 21.
433. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 158.
434. Pat. 8 Jas. I, pt. i.
435. Lysons, Mag. Brit. (ed. 1806), i, 297.
436. Cal. Pat. 1324–7, p. 191.
437. Ibid. 1330–4, p. 178; 1334–8, p. 300.
438. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 158; Chant. Cert. 51, no. 38; Duchy of Lanc. Draft Leases, bdle. 6, no. 43.
441. Cal. Pat. 1452–61, p. 366.
442. Duchy of Lanc. Draft Leases, bdle. 6, no. 42, 43.
443. Duchy of Lanc. Pleadings, lxvi, E 3.
444. Duchy of Lanc. Index to Leases Hen. VIII-Geo. II; Pat. 27 Eliz. pt. iv, m. 30; Hungerford Town MSS.
445. Cal. Pat. 1225–32, pp. 475, 495, 507.
446. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 158.
447. Chant. Cert. 51, no. 38.
448. John Thynne, the incumbent of the chapel, was a layman (Chant. Cert. 51, no. 38).
449. Pat. 16 Eliz. pt. iv, m. 38.
450. Com. Pleas D. Enr. East. 17 Eliz. This roll is now illegible.
451. Duchy of Lanc. Cal. of Partic. for Grants Hen. VIII-2 Anne: grants temp. Eliz. fol. 1 d.
452. Feet of F. Berks. East. 8 Jas. I.
453. Ibid. Div. Co. Trin. 9 Jas. I.
454. Duchy of Lanc. Spec. Com. no. 1221.
455. Notes from the late Rev. W. H. Summers.
456. Cal. Close, 1227–31, p. 103.
457. Cal. Pat. 1225–32, p. 507.
458. See V.C.H. Berks. ii, 277.

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