Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/264/206/
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 20:08:03+00:00

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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 264 › United States v. State Investment Co.
1. The questions where the line run by a survey lies upon the ground, and whether a particular tract lies on one side of it or the other, are questions of fact upon which this Court will accept the concurrent findings of the district court and circuit court of appeals unless clear error is shown. P. 264 U. S. 211.
2. The general rule is that, in matters of boundary, calls for natural objects and fixed monuments control those for distances, and calls for courses prevail over those for distances. Id.
3. After a tract of land has been surveyed and patented by the United States, its boundary cannot be affected, to the prejudice of the owner, by surveys and rulings of the Land Department. P. 264 U. S. 212.
Appeal from a decree of the circuit court of appeals affirming a decree of the district court for the defendants in a suit by the United States to quiet title to land.
to a large strip of land claimed as part of the public lands. The defendants claim title under the "Mora Grant," which was segregated from the public domain by a patent issued in 1876. The United States does not challenge the validity of the grant, and admits that the west boundary of the grant is the east line of the public lands. The sole question is whether the strip of land in dispute lies within the limits of the grant. [Footnote 1] This depends entirely upon the location of the west boundary of the grant.
The survey describes the west boundary as a line more than thirty-three miles long, running south from the northwest corner, a point "inaccessible in the mountain, and not set," passing successively at given distances, a large stone marked W.B.M.G. and EO., with given bearings to aspen and pine trees marked W.B.M.G., and Estillero and a stone marked W.B.M.G.; a trail to Picuris; the Pueblo River, and a large stone at the foot of a high mountain, marked W.B.M.G., and ending at a large stone on the bank of the Sapello River marked S.W.C.M.G.
The defendants contend that the west boundary as surveyed by Means is a north and south line passing through "the Estillero," and now established by stones marked by Means and by the natural objects called for in the survey. The government contends that it is located more than three miles farther east, as established by a survey made for the government by one Compton in 1909.
"being established from the evidence on the ground -- that is, natural objects -- the Estillero, the trail to Picuris, and Pueblo River, and the permanent monuments, stone marked EO on one side and W.B.M.G. on the other, stone marked W.B.M.G. and stone south of the Pueblo marked W.B.M.G., all now being located in the relative positions called for in the patent, these calls for natural objects and permanent monuments on the ground definitely located"
Estillero, did not cross the Pueblo River, and was "without support," and held that the west boundary of the grant is "the north and south line through Means' monuments at the Estillero," as had been found by the district court. The decree of that court was accordingly affirmed. 285 F. 128.
1. The questions where the line run by a survey lies on the ground, and whether any particular tract is on one side or the other of that line, are questions of fact. Russell v. Land Grant Co., 158 U. S. 253, 158 U. S. 259. In the present case, both the district court and the circuit court of appeals have found, from the evidence, that the west line of Means' survey lies upon the ground in the location claimed by the defendants, and that the land in dispute is east of that line and within the boundary of the grant. Under the well settled rule, these concurrent findings on questions of fact will be accepted by this Court unless clear error is shown. Wright-Blodgett Co. v. United States, 236 U. S. 397, 236 U. S. 402; Bodkin v. Edwards, 255 U. S. 221, 255 U. S. 223; Brewer Oil Co. v. United States, 260 U. S. 77, 260 U. S. 86. An examination of the evidence, which need not be recited here, discloses no such error, and, on the contrary, leads us to the conclusion that the findings of the lower courts are in accordance with the greater weight of the testimony.
v. King, 118 F. 524, 536; United States v. Development Co., 254 F. 656, 658. And calls for courses likewise prevail over those for distances. Ewart v. Squire, 239 F. 34, 36. No ground appears here for any exception to these rules.
3. The district court did not err in refusing to admit public land surveys made in 1882 as evidence showing the closing of such surveys on the west boundary of the grant, and decisions of the Land Department holding that its west boundary was along the line run by Compton. Although the power to correct surveys of the public land belongs to the political department of the government, and the Land Department has jurisdiction to decide as to such matters while the land is subject to its supervision and before it takes final action, Cragin v. Powell, 128 U. S. 691, 128 U. S. 698; Knight v. Land Association, 142 U. S. 161, 142 U. S. 177; Kirwan v. Murphy, 189 U. S. 35, 189 U. S. 54, this power of supervision and correction by the Department is "subject to the necessary and decided limitation" that, when it has once made and approved a governmental survey of public lands and has disposed of them, the courts may protect the private rights acquired against interference by corrective surveys subsequently made by the Department. Cragin v. Powell, supra, p. 128 U. S. 699. A resurvey by the United States after the issuance of a patent does not affect the rights of the patentee, the government, after conveyance of the lands, having "no jurisdiction to intermeddle with them in the form of a second survey." Kean v. Canal Co., 190 U. S. 452, 190 U. S. 461. And although the United States, so long as it has not conveyed its land, may survey and resurvey what it owns, and establish and reestablish boundaries, what it thus does is "for its own information" and "cannot affect the rights of owners on the other side of the line already existing." Lane v. Darlington, 249 U. S. 331, 249 U. S. 333.
The parties stipulated at the hearing that title to the land in dispute is either in the United States or in the defendants.
With certain exceptions and reservations which are not here material.
This relief was prayed in the defendants' answer.

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