Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/293/449/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 14:36:54+00:00

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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 293 › Shanferoke Coal & Supply Corp. v. Westchester Svc. Corp.
Shanferoke Coal & Supply Corp. v.
1. Denial by the District Court of an application for a stay of proceedings in an action on a contract until an arbitration shall be had in accordance with the terms of the contract is in effect an order denying an interlocutory injunction, and is appealable, under Jud.Code, § 129, to the Circuit Court of Appeals. Enelow v. New York Life Ins. Co., ante, p. 293 U. S. 379. P. 293 U. S. 451.
2. As bearing on this question of jurisdiction on appeal, it is immaterial whether or not the terms of the contract sued on would preclude entry in a federal court of a decree for specific performance of the arbitration. P. 293 U. S. 452.
3. The power of the District Court under § 3 of the U.S. Arbitration Act of February 12, 1925, to grant a stay of an action until arbitration has been had in accordance with the terms of a written agreement is not confined to cases in which that court may itself compel arbitration under § 4 of the same Act, but extends to cases in which the arbitration agreement provides for compulsory proceedings exclusively in the state courts. P. 293 U. S. 452.
Certiorari to review the reversal, on an interlocutory appeal, of an order of the District Court denying a stay of proceedings in an action on a contract between citizens of different states.
This action was brought by the Shanferoke Coal & Supply Corporation, a citizen of Delaware, in the federal court for Southern New York against the Westchester Service Corporation, a citizen of the latter state. The declaration alleged that the defendant had, by a contract in writing, agreed to purchase from the plaintiff a large quantity of coal to be taken in installments throughout a period of years, and that the defendant had, after accepting part of the coal, repudiated the contract. The defendant set up in its answer, as a special defense, that, prior to the commencement of the action, a dispute had arisen concerning the construction of the contract, the rights and duties of the respective parties thereunder, and its performance, that the contract contained an arbitration clause, and that, prior to the commencement of the action, the defendant had notified the plaintiff of its readiness and willingness to submit the dispute to arbitration, and ever since had been ready and willing to do so, but that the plaintiff had refused to proceed with the arbitration. The defendant then moved that the action, and all proceedings therein, be stayed until an arbitration should be had in accordance with the terms of the contract sued on. The motion was heard on affidavits and counter affidavits.
"In case any dispute should arise between the Buyer and Seller as to the performance of any of the terms of this agreement, such dispute shall be arbitrated and the cost thereof shall be borne equally by both parties. The Buyer and the Seller shall each appoint one arbitrator and the two arbitrators so appointed shall select a third arbitrator and the decision of a majority of the three arbitrators shall be final and conclusive on both parties.
In case for any reason any such arbitration shall fail to proceed to a final award, either party may apply to the Supreme Court of the State of New York for an order compelling the specific performance of this arbitration agreement in accordance with the arbitration laws of the State of New York."
The District Court interpreted the clause as making the arbitration enforceable only in state courts of New York, and on that ground denied the stay. On an appeal from the order of denial, the Court of Appeals held that, even if the clause should be so interpreted, § 3 of the United States Arbitration Act authorized the stay. [Footnote 1] It therefore reversed the order and directed the District Court to grant the stay, with leave to that court "to vacate it at any time, should it appear that the defendant is in default in proceeding with the arbitration." 70 F.2d 297, 299. This Court granted certiorari.
111 U. S. 382. For the reasons stated in Enelow v. New York Life Ins. Co., ante, p. 293 U. S. 379, an order granting or denying a stay based on an equitable defense or cross-bill interposed in an action at law under § 274b is appealable under § 129, as amended. We are of the opinion that the special defense setting up the arbitration agreement is an equitable defense or cross-bill within the meaning of § 274b, and that the motion for a stay is an application for an interlocutory injunction based on the special defense. Compare Red Cross Line v. Atlantic Fruit Co., 264 U. S. 109, 264 U. S. 121. As bearing on this question of jurisdiction on appeal, it is immaterial whether or not the terms of the contract sued on would preclude entry in a federal court of a decree for specific performance of the arbitration. Since the appeal here in question was taken within thirty days from the entry of the order denying the stay, the Court of Appeals had jurisdiction under § 129, as amended.
"either party may apply to the Supreme Court of the New York for an order compelling specific performance of this arbitration agreement in accordance with the arbitration law of the New York."
Act provides broadly that the court may "stay the trial of the action until such arbitration has been had in accordance with the terms of the agreement." We think the Court of Appeals was clearly right in concluding that there is no reason to imply that the power to grant a stay is conditioned upon the existence of power to compel arbitration in accordance with § 4 of the Act. [Footnote 2] Marine Transit Co. v. Dreyfus, 284 U. S. 263, 284 U. S. 274, is not to the contrary. There is, on the other hand, strong reason for construing the clause as permitting the federal court to order a stay even when it cannot compel the arbitration. For otherwise, despite congressional approval of arbitration, it would be impossible to secure a stay of an action in the federal courts when the arbitration agreement provides for compulsory proceedings exclusively in the state courts, since only in exceptional circumstances may a state court enjoin proceedings begun in a federal court. See Central National Bank v. Stevens, 169 U. S. 432. Compare § 265 of the Judicial Code; Kline v. Burke Construction Co., 260 U. S. 226.
in demanding arbitration. The reasons why these contentions are without merit are sufficiently stated in the opinion of the Court of Appeals.
In the lower federal courts, there has been some difference of opinion as the whether a stay should be granted when the court is not in a position to compel arbitration. Compare Danielsen v. Entre Rios Rys. Co., 22 F.2d 326, 328, with The Silverbrook, 18 F.2d 144. See too The Beechwood, 35 F.2d 41; The Volsinio, 32 F.2d 357, 358; Ex parte De Simone, 36 F.2d 773; The Fredensbro, 18 F.2d 983. Interpretations of the English arbitration statutes are in accord with the view adopted here. See Law v. Garrett, L.R. 8 Ch.Div. 26 (C.A.); Austrain Lloyd S.S. Co. v. Gresham Life Assurance Society,  1 K.B. 249; Kirchner & Co. v. Bruban,  1 Ch.Div. 413; The Cap Blanco,  Pro.Div. 130.

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