Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9693701B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 00:52:35+00:00

Document:
An electrode connector includes a housing, an electrically conductive contact plate, a lead wire terminal electrically connected to the contact plate and an electrically conductive member. The housing defines a first opening configured to receive at least a portion of an electrode therethrough. The contact plate defines a bore aligned with the first opening. The bore is configured and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of the electrode therein. The electrically conductive member is electrically coupled to the lead wire terminal. The electrically conductive member is supported on the housing and is spaced apart from the first opening.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 61/793,284 entitled ELECTRODE CONNECTOR WITH A CONDUCTIVE MEMBER filed on Mar. 15, 2013 which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The present disclosure relates to an electrocardiograph system, and more particularly, to an electrode connector including an electrically conductive member for facilitating positioning of an electrode on a patient.
Electrocardiograph (ECG) systems are widely used to obtain biopotential signals containing information indicative of the electrical activity associated with the heart and pulmonary system. To obtain biopotential signals ECG electrodes are applied to the skin of a patient in various locations and coupled to an ECG device, e.g., an “ECG monitor” or “ECG telemetry.” Placement of the electrodes is dependant on the information sought by the clinician.
The placement of the ECG electrodes on the patient has been established by medical protocols. The most common protocols require the placement of the electrodes in a 3-lead, a 5-lead or a 12-lead configuration. A 3-lead configuration requires the placement of three electrodes; one electrode adjacent each clavicle bone on the upper chest and a third electrode adjacent the patient's lower left abdomen. A 5-lead configuration requires the placement of the three electrodes in the 3-lead configuration with the addition of a fourth electrode adjacent the sternum and a fifth electrode on the patient's lower right abdomen. A 12-lead configuration requires the placement of 10 electrodes on the patient's body. Four electrodes, which represent the patient's limbs, include the left arm electrode (LA lead), the right arm electrode (RA lead), the left leg electrode (LL lead), and the right leg electrode (RL lead). Six chest electrodes (V1-V6 leads) are placed on the patient's chest at various locations near the heart. Three standard limb leads are constructed from measurements between the right arm and left arm (Lead I), the right arm and the left leg (Lead II) and the left arm to left leg (Lead III).
After placement of electrodes on the patient, the electrodes connect to an ECG device by an ECG lead set. One end of the ECG lead set, closest to the patient, connects to each electrode (alternatively, the electrodes may be integrated into the distal end of the ECG lead set) and receives biopotential signals from the body. The other end of the ECG lead set connects to the ECG input connector and supplies the biopotential signals received from the body to the ECG device.
To achieve proper results, the clinician, must be careful to place each electrode at its precise location on the patient. When using individual electrodes, this procedure can prove to be inconvenient, time consuming, and inaccurate. Accordingly, a need exists for an electrode connector that can aid precise placement of the electrode on the patient.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode connector including a housing, an electrically conductive contact plate, a lead wire terminal electrically connected to the contact plate and an electrically conductive member. The housing defines a first opening configured to receive at least a portion of an electrode therethrough. The electrically conductive contact plate defines a bore aligned with the first opening. The bore is configured and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of the electrode therein. The electrically conductive member is electrically coupled to the lead wire terminal. The electrically conductive member is supported on the housing and is spaced apart from the first opening.
In an embodiment, the electrically conductive member may have a hemispherical shape. In addition, the electrically conductive member may be hingedly supported within the housing. The electrically conductive member may include a biasing member to bias the electrically conductive member away from the housing.
In another embodiment, the housing may define a chamber configured and dimensioned to receive the electrically conductive member therein. The chamber may include an opening through which the electrically conductive member extends. In addition, the chamber may include a slidable member movable between open and closed positions to open and close the opening of the chamber. The slidable member may be made of an electrically insulative material.
In yet another embodiment, the electrically conductive member may be made of plastic and may include a conductive filler. Alternatively, the electrically conductive member may be made of conductive polymers. The electrically conductive member may be disposed in a second opening defined in the housing. The first and second openings may be defined in opposing sides of the housing. In addition, the electrically conductive member may protrude from the housing.
In still yet another embodiment, the electrode connector may further include a lever pivotally coupled to the housing. The lever may be pivotable between a first position in which at least a portion of the lever extends across the bore of the contact plate to secure at least a portion of the electrode therein and a second position in which the lever is positioned such that the bore is unobstructed. In addition, the lever may further include a biasing member to bias the lever toward the first position. The lever may further include a finger configured and adapted to engage the electrode to secure the electrode within the bore of the contact plate when the lever is in the first position.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of monitoring ECG data. The method includes the steps of providing an electrode connector including an electrically conductive contact plate defining a bore configured and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of an electrode therein, a lead wire terminal electrically connected to the contact plate, and an electrically conductive member electrically coupled to the lead wire terminal. The method further includes electrically connecting the electrode connector to an ECG monitoring system to be used, contacting the electrically conductive member of the electrode connector against a patient, moving the electrode connector, while the electrically conductive member is in contact with the patient, to a location on the patient providing a strong trace signal on the ECG system, and placing an electrode on the patient at the location providing the strong trace signal.
In an embodiment, the method may further include the step of connecting the electrode connector to the electrode. In addition, the method may also include the step of measuring biopotential signals from the electrode with the ECG system.
In another embodiment, the electrode connector may define a chamber configured and dimensioned to receive the electrically conductive member therein. The electrically conductive member may be movable between a retracted position in which the electrically conductive member is disposed within the chamber and an extended position in which the member at least partially extends out of the chamber. The method may further include the step of placing the electrically conductive member in the retracted position prior to placing an electrode on the patient.
FIGS. 17-19 are side, cross-sectional views of an electrode connector in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As used herein and as is traditional, the term “distal” refers to the portion which is farthest from the user/clinician, and the term “proximal” refers to the portion that is closest to the user/clinician. In addition, terms such as “above”, “below”, “forward”, “rearward”, etc. refer to the orientation of the figures or the direction of components and are simply used for convenience of description. As used herein, the term “patient” should be understood as referring to a human subject or other animal, and the term “clinician” should be understood as referring to a doctor, nurse, or other care provider and may include support personnel. “Radiotransparency” may be used interchangeably with “radiolucency”, and refers to the property of an electrode that allows a clinician to leave electrodes in place during radiological (e.g., x-ray) or other imaging examinations, to visualize tissue underlying the electrode without loss of image quality. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed hereinbelow in terms of ECG electrodes for monitoring heart activity and for diagnosing heart abnormalities. It is envisioned, however, that the principles of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other biomedical electrodes, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) electrodes used for pain management; neuromuscular stimulation (NMS) electrodes used for treating conditions such as scoliosis; muscle stimulation electrodes; wound treatment electrodes (accelerating healing of skin wounds or broken bones); defibrillation electrodes to dispense electrical energy to a chest cavity of a patient to defibrillate heart beats of the patient; iontophoresis; and dispersive electrodes to receive electrical energy dispensed into an incision made during electrosurgery.
With reference to FIG. 1, an electrocardiograph (ECG) system for obtaining biopotential signals containing information indicative of the electrical activity associated with the heart and pulmonary system is shown generally as 10. ECG system 10 includes an ECG device, in the form of an ECG floor monitor 2 or ECG telemetry monitor 20, an ECG lead set assembly 300, and a plurality of biomedical electrodes 100 (FIG. 2). Each electrode 100 is connected to an associated one of a plurality of lead wires 304 of ECG lead set assembly 300 via a plurality of connectors 320 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. ECG floor monitor 2 monitors physiological heart potentials of a patient via electrical signals detected by electrodes 100 and/or connectors 320 and generates a trace. The trace may be displayed, recorded, analyzed or otherwise evaluated by ECG floor monitor 2, providing a diagnostic tool for detecting heart disease or defects.
In particular, ECG floor monitor 2 includes at least one lead set input connector 12 configured to connect with at least one ECG lead set assembly 300. However, lead set assembly 300 is not configured for direct connection (mechanically and/or physically incompatible) to the lead set input connector 12 of ECG floor monitor 2 or ECG telemetry monitor 20. ECG system 10 may further include an adapter 200 X, depending on (1) the type of ECG floor monitor 2 or ECG telemetry monitor 20 present, (2) on whether a 3-lead, a 5-lead or a 12-lead electrode set assembly 300 is used, and (3) on whether one or more ECG lead set assemblies 300 are used. Device connector 310 of ECG lead set assembly 300 is coupled to the proximal end of lead set cable 302 and is configured to be coupled with lead set adapters 200 X. Electrode connector 320 is coupled to a distal end of lead set cable 302.
With brief reference now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a biomedical electrode 100 includes an electrode element 101, a press stud 124 adapted for mechanical and electrical coupling with lead wire 304 (FIG. 1) and a pad 110 including a patient contact side 112 and a connector side 114. Patient contact side 112 of pad 110 may include a conductive layer 116, a conductive composition 118 for application to a body surface of a patient, e.g., a skin surface, for transmitting electrical signals and/or currents to and/or from the patient, and a release liner 102. Connector side 114 of pad 110 includes a non-conductive backing layer 120 defining a central opening 122 covered by press stud 124 adapted for mechanical and electrical coupling with lead wire 304. Conductive composition 118 may be a conventional conductive gel. Other conductive compositions which may be utilized with electrode 100 of the present disclosure includes hydrogels, such as, for example, those disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2009/0270709, entitled “Novel Electrodes”, and 2010/0059722, entitled “Conductive Compositions and Method”, the entire disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, electrode element 101 includes a base or flange portion 128 disposed between backing layer 120 and conductive layer 116 and a post 134 extending in transverse relation to base portion 128. Electrode element 101 interconnects pad 110 with press stud 124. A proximal end 136 of post 134 is secured within a channel 125 defined in press stud 124 by, for example, friction fit, or other conventional mechanical means.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, release liner 102 is a peelable or strippable protective cover member. Release liner 102 is releasably adhered to conductive composition 118 so as to form a protective covering of conductive composition 118 prior to use. Upon determining a desired position of electrode 100 on the patient, release liner 102 is peeled and removed, and electrode 100 is affixed to the desired position.
With reference now to FIGS. 4-6, connector 320 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to detachably connect to electrode 100 positioned on the patient to detect biopotential signals. Electrode connector 320 includes an electrically conductive member 350, in the form of, for example, a protrusion, a flat plate, or a lead wire, that enables the clinician to selectively detect biopotential signals of the patient with or without electrode 100 attached thereto. In particular, electrically conductive member 350 is disposed on one side of electrode connector 320 and another side of electrode connector 320 is configured to detachably connect to electrode 100. Under such a configuration, the clinician may utilize electrically conductive member 350 to help or facilitate placement of electrode 100 on the patient. The electrically conductive characteristic of member 350 enables the clinician to adjustably position connector 320 on the patient with or without electrode 100 attached to connector 320. Specifically, the clinician may utilize member 350 to determine a position on the patient that provides the strongest signal on ECG floor monitor 2, prior to removing release liner 102 from contact side 112 of pad 110 and affixing electrode 100 to the patient, and thereby improving the accuracy and quality of the trace.
With reference now to FIG. 7, electrode connector 320 includes a housing 322 having a lower member 324 and an upper member 326, and defining an internal cavity 328 therebetween. Housing 322 is fabricated from a non-conducting material, e.g., an injection molded polymer which electrically insulates the subject from the conductive element(s) therewithin. Upper member 326 and lower member 324 are separate components attached to each other by conventional means and form a non-conductive element of housing 322. Upper member 326 defines an opening 327 dimensioned to receive electrically conductive member 350 therethrough. Lower member 324 defines an opening 325 configured and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of press stud 124 of electrode 100.
With continued reference to FIG. 7, electrode connector 320 includes first and second lead wire terminals 330, 360 which are electrically connected to an end of lead wire 304. In particular, first lead wire terminal 330 is configured to be electrically coupled to electrode 100, and second lead wire terminal 360 is electrically connected to electrically conductive member 350. Housing 322 supports a contact plate 332 that is electrically connected to lead wire terminal 330. Contact plate 332 defines a keyhole slot 334 formed therein and in communication with opening 325 defined in lower member 324. Keyhole slot 334 includes first slot portion 334 a and second slot portion 334 b. First slot portion 334 a defines an internal dimension or diameter that is greater than the corresponding internal dimension or diameter of second slot portion 334 b.
With reference now to FIGS. 7 and 8, housing 322 further includes a lever 336 pivotably connected thereto. Lever 336 is disposed between first and second lead wire terminals 330, 360. Lever 336 is biased to a first position by a biasing member 338. Lever 336 includes a cam finger 336 a projecting therefrom so as to extend across first slot portion 334 a of keyhole slot 334 when lever 336 is in the first position. Lever 336 is actuatable to a second position wherein cam finger 336 a thereof does not obstruct or extend across first slot portion 334 a of keyhole slot 334. In this manner, lever 336 of electrode connector 320 may be actuated to the second position to enable insertion of press stud 124 of electrode 100 into first slot portion 334 a of keyhole slot 334. Thereafter, lever 336 may be released so that biasing member 338 moves cam finger 336 a of lever 336 against press stud 124 to push or force the lower portion press stud 124 into second slot portion 334 b of keyhole slot 334. The biasing force of biasing member 338 helps to maintain press stud 124 within second slot portion 334 b of keyhole slot 334, and thus inhibits removal or disconnection of biomedical electrode from connector 320.
With reference now to FIGS. 7 and 9, member 350 is attached to second lead wire terminal 360. In particular, member 350 and second lead wire terminal 360 are electrically conductive and are electrically coupled. Member 350 has a hemispherical shape and a smooth surface to facilitate sliding of member 350 on the surface of the patient's skin. Member 350 may be fabricated of any suitable material. Member 350 may be fabricated from plastic and include a conductive filler material to enhance the flow of energy therethrough. Fillers include, for example, conductive metal fibers such as silver or tin fibers, and metallic threads, metallic powders, metallic flakes, and metallic spheres. The filler material may be carbon fillers, conductive carbon fiber fillers, acetylene black, chopped polyacrylonitrile fibers, noble metallic particles, noble metal halide particles, and combinations thereof.
Non-limiting examples of suitable plastic materials from which member 350 may be fabricated include polyolefins, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, including atactic, isotactic, syndiotactic, and blends and combinations thereof; polyethylene glycols; polyethylene oxides; ultra high molecular weight polyethylene; copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as polyisobutylene and ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers; fluorinated polyolefins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyfluroroacetal; polyamides such as nylon and polycaprolactam; polyamines; polyimines; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; aliphatic polyesters; polyethers such as polyether ether ketone and polyether sulfonates; polyether-esters such as polybutester; polytetramethylene ether glycol; 1,4-butanediol; polyurethanes; acrylic polymers, copolymers, and resins; modacrylics; vinyl halide polymers and copolymers such as polyvinyl chloride; polyvinyl alcohols; polyvinyl ethers such as polyvinyl methyl ether; polyvinylidene halides such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene chloride; polyacrylonitrile; polyvinyl ketones; polyvinyl aromatics such as polystyrene; polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetate; copolymers of vinyl monomers with each other and olefins such as ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, ABS resins, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; alkyd resins; polycarbonates and alloys thereof; polyoxymethylenes; polyacetals; polyphosphazine; polysulfones; polymethylpentene; polyimides; epoxy resins; aramids; and combinations thereof.
Alternatively, the plastic material forming member 350 may itself be conductive. Conductive polymers may include, for example, polythiophene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyphenylene sulfide, copolymers, and derivatives thereof, among other intrinsically conducting polymers within the purview of those skilled in the art. In embodiments, the conductive polymers may be utilized alone or in combination with conductive filler materials, as described above.
In use, as seen in FIGS. 10-13, the clinician may secure electrode 100 to connector 320 by actuating lever 336 of electrode connector 320 to the second position to enable insertion of press stud 124 of electrode 100 into first slot portion 334 a of keyhole slot 334. Thereafter, lever 336 may be released so that biasing member 338 moves cam finger 336 a of lever 336 against press stud 124 to push or force press stud 124 into second slot portion 334 b of keyhole slot 334. The biasing force of biasing member 338 helps to maintain press stud 124 within second slot portion 334 b of keyhole slot 334, and thus inhibits removal or disconnection of the biomedical electrode from connector 320.
Upon securing electrode 100 with connector 320, the clinician may position electrode connector 320 adjacent the target location on a patient “P.” With electrically conductive member 350 in contact with patient “P,” the clinician can slidably move electrode connector 320 to a location on patient “P” that provides the strongest signal that will enable a more accurate trace (FIG. 12). Upon determining the desired position on patient “P,” the clinician may remove or peel release liner 102, turn electrode connector 320 over, and affix electrode 100 at the desired position on patient “P” (FIG. 13). At this time, the clinician can use floor monitor 2 and/or telemetry monitor 20 to analyze the data obtained thereby. While electrode 100 has been shown to be secured with connector 320 prior to determining the desired location on patient “P,” electrode 100 may be secured with connector 320 after determining the desired position on patient “P” or after electrode 100 is affixed to the patient.
With reference now to FIGS. 14-16, there is provided an electrode connector 1320 in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The basic structure of electrode connector 1320 is substantially identical to that of connector 320, and thus will not be described in detail herein. In contrast to connector 320, connector 1320 includes an electrically conductive member 1350 that is hingedly connected to a second lead wire terminal 1360 at a hinge 1351. Connector 1320 further includes a biasing member 1377 that enables electrically conductive member 1350 to accommodate the contour of the skin of the patient and to facilitate offset movement of member 1350 with respect to an upper member 1326 of a housing 1322.
With reference to FIGS. 17-19, there is provided an electrode connector 2320 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. The basic structure of electrode connector 2320 is substantially identical to that of connector 320, and thus will not be described in detail herein. In contrast to connector 320, connector 2320 includes an upper member 2326 having a chamber 2329 defining an opening 2327. Chamber 2329 is configured and dimensioned to receive electrically conductive member 2350 therein. Opening 2327 is provided with a slidable member or door 2399 to open and close opening 2327. In particular, slidable member 2399 and chamber 2329 are made of an insulative material to inhibit inadvertent electrical conduction through member 2350 when member 2350 is disposed in chamber 2329 with slidable member 2399 in the closed position.
Member 2350 includes an arm member 2353 defining a cam slot 2353 a. Second lead wire terminal 2360 includes a connector pin 2361 configured and dimensioned to move slidably within cam slot 2353 a. Additionally, member 2350 includes a biasing member 2377 to bias member 2350 toward an extended position such that when slidable member 2399 is in the open position, member 2350 extends out of opening 2327. Furthermore, connector slot 2353 a in conjunction with biasing member 2377 enables member 2350 to accommodate the contours of the patient when sliding member 2350 on the patient. Moreover, chamber 2329 with the slidable member 2399 inhibits electrical interference by electrically conductive member 2350 when electrode 100 is in use.
an electrically conductive member electrically coupled to the lead wire terminal, the electrically conductive member being supported on the housing and being spaced apart from the first opening, wherein the electrically conductive member is disposed in a second opening defined in the housing, wherein the first and second openings are defined in different sides of the housing.
2. The electrode connector according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member has a hemispherical shape.
3. The electrode connector according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member is hingedly supported within the housing.
4. The electrode connector according to claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive member includes a biasing member to bias the electrically conductive member away from the housing.
5. The electrode connector according to claim 1, wherein the housing defines a chamber configured and dimensioned to receive the electrically conductive member therein.
6. The electrode connector according to claim 5, wherein the chamber includes an opening through which the electrically conductive member extends.
7. The electrode connector according to claim 6, wherein the chamber includes a slidable member movable between open and closed positions to open and close the opening of the chamber.
8. The electrode connector according to claim 7, wherein the slidable member is made of an electrically insulative material.
9. The electrode connector according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member is made of plastic and includes a conductive filler.
10. The electrode connector according to claim 9, wherein the electrically conductive member is made of conductive polymers.
11. The electrode connector according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive member protrudes from the housing.
12. The electrode connector according to claim 1, further comprising a lever pivotally coupled to the housing, wherein the lever is pivotable between a first position in which at least a portion of the lever extends across the bore of the contact plate to secure at least a portion of the electrode therein and a second position in which the lever is positioned such that the bore is unobstructed.
13. The electrode connector according to claim 12, wherein the lever further includes a biasing member to bias the lever toward the first position.
14. The electrode connector according to claim 12, wherein the lever further includes a finger configured and adapted to engage the electrode to secure the electrode within the bore of the contact plate when the lever is in the first position.
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