Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol7/pp295-306
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 22:42:49+00:00

Document:
The parish lies 17 km. north of Hull and 11 km. WSW. from the coast at Hornsea, (fn. 1) on the east bank of the river Hull, with which Leven village is connected by an early 19th-century canal. (fn. 2) The ancient parish comprised the townships of Leven and Hempholme. Leven township comprised the village, close to the eastern parish boundary, a large area of low-lying ground further west known as Leven carrs, and part of Baswick hamlet, 4 km. north-west of the village; the rest of Baswick lay in Brandesburton but its history is treated below. Brackenholme, recorded c. 1220, (fn. 3) was probably another small settlement. Hempholme township comprised, besides the hamlet, 5 km. NNW. of Leven village, the settlements of Hallytreeholme and Heigholme, respectively 5 km. and 2 km. northwest of Leven. Most of Hempholme township was separated from the rest of Leven parish by Brandesburton, Heigholme alone adjoining Leven township. Neither Heigholme nor Hallytreeholme have ever included more than a few farmhouses. The settlement of 'Luvetotholm', recorded in 1086, may have been in Leven, although Long Riston has also been suggested for its location; Thornholme and Nepeholme, mentioned in the 13th century, (fn. 4) were perhaps in Hempholme.
A 3-mile long canal was made between the village and the river Hull at the promotion of Charlotte Bethell between 1801 and 1805. (fn. 26) It carried coal, lime, corn, bricks, and tiles until the 1930s, when competition from road transport forced its closure. One of the warehouses at the village end has been converted to a private house and the other partly demolished. The lock at the river end has been sealed, and in 1993 the canal remained disused.
From Leven village roads lead north to Brandesburton and Bridlington, east to Hornsea, and south to Hull and Beverley. The last road divides in the south-east corner of the parish at a place called White Cross after a medieval stone cross, the shaft of which remained there in 1993. The road between White Cross and Beverley was turnpiked in 1761, and the trusts were continued until 1867. The proposal in 1767 to continue the turnpike from White Cross to Bridlington was ineffective. (fn. 27) Improvements were made to the Hornsea road between 1796 and 1828, (fn. 28) and to that road, the Bridlington road, and the White Cross junction in the mid 20th century. (fn. 29) In 1994 a bypass was opened for Leven and Brandesburton. Minor roads lead west from the village to the carrs and then north to Heigholme, Burshill, in Brandesburton, Hallytreeholme, and Hempholme.
LEVEN. By the late 18th century Leven village stood along a single street, now comprising East and West Streets. In 1796 most of the buildings were on the north side of the street, with a few in side lanes, including those which continued as the Bridlington and Beverley roads. A village green, comprising at least 9 a., then lay mostly on the east side of the Burshill and Barf drain. (fn. 30) The western extremity of the main street, beyond that drain and reached across a late 18th-century bridge, is called Little Leven. The early site of the village may have lain 1 km. west of Little Leven where Hall Garth, Leven's manor house, stands close to the site of the medieval church of St. Faith's and St. Faith's well, (fn. 31) now filled in.
The buildings in Leven are of brick and mostly date from the 19th and 20th centuries. Earlier houses include no. 3 East Street, built c. 1700, and Leadgate and Lamploughs Farms. After inclosure and the construction of the canal, the village began to be developed along the road to Beverley, there called Barley Gate (fn. 32) and later South Street. Among the new buildings were Canal House, the New Inn, and a dozen terraced houses. Further south still Leven Rectory, Rectory Farm, and Leven Grange were built on newly-inclosed land between 1796 and 1828. (fn. 33) The village continued to grow in the mid and later 19th century when chapels were built on East and West Streets, a school on the part of the Hornsea road called High Stile, and a new church on South Street. (fn. 34) In the 1920s three council houses were added on the Heigholme road, (fn. 35) and infilling increased sharply in the mid and late 20th century. New buildings included 48 council houses at the east end of the village and two sewage stations built and operated by the district council. (fn. 36) In 1993 several private housing estates were being built at the east and west ends of the village.
A police station with a lock-up and courtroom was built on High Stile in 1852, (fn. 37) and when the East Riding constabulary was established in 1857 a superintendant was based at Leven. (fn. 38) Petty sessions for North Holderness were held there until 1951. (fn. 39) In 1976 a police house and office in East Street were built to replace the station, (fn. 40) which was soon after sold and later used for a doctor's surgery.
HEMPHOLME. There were only a dozen scattered buildings, mostly farmhouses, in Hempholme hamlet in the 1850s. (fn. 56) A ferry across the Hull from Hempholme to Rotsea, in Hutton Cranswick, was recorded in the 14th century and again in the early 17th. (fn. 57) After the change in the river's course c. 1800, one of the farms had to be reached by a swing bridge. (fn. 58) A schoolroom, later used as a chapel, was apparently built in 1818, (fn. 59) and a pumping station and lock-keeper's house had been added by 1890. (fn. 60) There were few other changes until the later 20th century, when two new houses were built.
OTHER OUTLYING BUILDINGS in the parish include Heigholme Hall and the farmhouses of Linley Hill and Hallytreeholme, all existing in 1772 but later remodelled. (fn. 64) Evidently built soon after inclosure in 1796 were Glebe Farm (fn. 65) and a house at the White Cross junction; (fn. 66) the latter has a symmetrical front of three bays, ogeeheaded windows, and an embattled parapet.
After the death of W. A. V. Bethell in 1941, (fn. 78) the estate was sold in several lots. The 535-a. Hall Garth farm was sold in 1949 to Sidney Bays and by him in 1952 to Cecil Taylor (d. 1953). (fn. 79) It was thereafter held by Taylor's widow Lilian and son Derek, the owners in 1993. (fn. 80) Hall Garth was so named in 1650, when the house was described in detail; (fn. 81) it was rebuilt in the mid 18th century and a new wing added in the 19th.
The commonable lands of Leven were inclosed by award of 1796 under an Act of 1791. (fn. 133) Allotments totalled 1,478 a., 597 a. freehold and 881 a. copyhold. North field then included 410 a., the common carr 383 a., South field more than 278 a., and Bowlams at least 61 a. The rector received 433 a., John Bowman 167 a., and Peter Nevill 124 a.; there were also one allotment of 67 a., twenty-two of 11-49 a., and thirteen of less than 10 a.
Hempholme, Heigholme, and Hallytreeholme. At Hempholme, too, the settlement was flanked by North and South fields, named from 1608. Common meadow and pasture lay in the open fields in the 17th century, when common meadow was also found in Ings. (fn. 134) Hempholme, Heigholme, and Hallytreeholme were evidently all inclosed early, the last two presumably by Meaux abbey and Bridlington priory respectively.
TRADE AND INDUSTRY. Two brewers and maltsters worked at Leven in the early 19th century, and Jane Turnbull brewed behind the New Inn from the 1870s until c. 1920. (fn. 152) Merchants dealing in coal and coke, lime and manure, seeds, corn, and flour traded at Leven in the late 19th and early 20th century, presumably from premises at or near the canal. (fn. 153) Bricks were made at the west end of the village prior to 1842, (fn. 154) and before the mid 20th century sand and gravel had been dug from small pits in the parish. (fn. 155) Larger-scale extraction, begun in the 1940s, (fn. 156) had ended by 1993, when several pits, most of them water-filled, remained. Small businesses operating in the village then included a motor engineering firm.
MILLS. In 1172 Meaux abbey had a mill at Heigholme. (fn. 157) A windmill recorded at Leven in 1608 possibly stood south of the village on Mill hill. (fn. 158) By the later 18th century a windmill occupied another site, also in South field, (fn. 159) but that mill was apparently abandoned between 1842 and 1852. (fn. 160) Evidently shortly before the making of the canal, another windmill was built on the west side of the Beverley road, close to the intended head of the navigation; it was apparently grinding in 1800, was later assisted by steam, and was closed c. 1890. (fn. 161) A windmill north of High Stile is said to have been put up in 1807; also powered partly by steam by the late 19th century, it was used until the early 20th century and demolished in 1919. (fn. 162) Leven New mill was built on the Hornsea road, it is said in 1847; later a wind and steam mill, it ceased to operate c. 1900. (fn. 163) In 1993 only the stump of Leven New mill remained.
Leven Church, Demolished In The 19th Century.
The new church of HOLY TRINITY was built in 1843-4 on land in the centre of the village given by Richard Bethell, largely at the expense of George Wray, rector; it was consecrated in 1845. (fn. 214) Designed by Robert Chantrell of Leeds (fn. 215) in a 13th-century style, the building is of ashlar and comprises chancel, nave with north transept and south aisle and porch, and west vestry and tower.
Capital Of 15th-Century Cross From St. Faith's Churchyard.
1. This article was written in 1993.
3. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 413.
4. Bridlington Chart. p. 305; V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 295; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. v. 3; below, Long Riston, intro.
5. P.N. Yorks. E.R. (E.P.N.S.), 72-3, 258; G. F. Jensen, Scand. Settlement Names in Yorks. 91.
6. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CLXXIX, CXCVI (1854-5 edn.).
9. P.R.O., E 179/202/60, m. 61.
11. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 123; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 163.
12. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 495; Census, 1911-91.
13. Geol. Surv. Map 1", sheets 64, 72 (1909 edn.).
14. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CLXXIX, CXCVI (1854-5 edn.); below, econ. hist.
16. Bridlington Chart. p. 305.
17. 'Meaux Cart.' pp. 416-17, 495.
18. Monastic Notes (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. xvii), 9.
19. Cal. Pat. 1566-9, pp. 400-1.
21. 4 Geo. III, c. 47 (Priv. Act); 6 Geo. III, c. 74 (Priv. Act); V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 278-9.
22. E.R.A.O., DDCC/143/135 (with map); ibid. QDA/ 12A (map, 1833), 12B, 13 (with map, 1838).
23. E.R.A.O., DCBB/4/2, 8; ibid. DDBD/89/4; 38 Geo. III, c. 63 (Local and Personal); J. A. Sheppard, Draining of Hull Valley (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. viii), 16.
24. Sheppard, Draining of Hull Valley. 21.
25. Inf. from Mr. D. Rhimes, Leven, 1993.
26. B. F. Duckham, Inland Waterways of E. Yorks. 1700- 1900 (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xxix), 34-6.
27. K. A. Macmahon, Roads and Turnpike Trusts in E. Yorks (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xviii), 26-7, 70.
28. E.R.A.O., 1A. (E. 16); ibid. HD/80; H. Teesdale, Map of Yorks. (1828).
29. R.D.B., 1133/214/193; 1388/342/296; 1576/263/217; 1581/262/202; 1611/432/387.
30. Ibid. BT/182/24; E.R.A.O., 1A. (E. 16).
31. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
33. E.R.A.O., 1A. (E. 16); H. Teesdale, Map of Yorks. (1828); below, church.
34. Below, church, nonconf., educ.
36. Ibid. 614/580/469; 956/29/27; 1082/449/404; 1154/ 456/420.
38. A. A. Clarke, Country Coppers: Story of E.R. Police, 18-19.
39. E.R. Standing Joint Cttee. Mins. 1949-53, 187-8; directories.
40. Humbs. Police Cttee. Mins. 1976-7, pp. 4, 8-9.
44. D. [R. J.] Neave, E.R. Friendly Soc. (E. Yorks. Loc. Hist. Ser. xli), 60; inf. from United Ancient Order of Druids, 1994.
46. Inf. from Mrs. M. A. Dales, Leven, 1993.
47. Sheahan and Whellan, Hist. York & E.R. ii. 421.
48. M. and B. Chapman, Holderness in old picture postcards, 39.
49. B.I.H.R., V. 1912-22/Ret.; E.R.A.O., PE/128/74/1.
50. Inf. from Mr. Rhimes; inf. from librarian, Leven, 1993.
51. Inf. from Mr. J. Nixon, Leven, 1993.
52. Inf. from Mr. Rhimes.
53. R.D.B., 1362/55/47; 1362/56/48; 1630/449/401; 1736/ 397/330; 1784/137/87.
54. Inf. from Mrs. S. Etherington, Leven, 1993; inf. from Mrs. J. Richardson, Leven, 1993.
55. Inf. from Mr. G. Barkworth, Leven, 1993.
56. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CLXXIX (1854 edn.).
57. P.R.O., LR 2/230, f. 40; Public Works in Med. Law, ii (Selden Soc. xl), p. 306.
58. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CLXXIX (1854 edn.); above, this section.
60. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CLXXIX. 14 (1892 edn.); above, this section.
61. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
62. T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772).
63. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 6 (1891 edn.); inf. from Mr. M. Voase, Baswick, 1994.
64. T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772).
65. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1809 etc.
66. Cf. E.R.A.O., 1A.; H. Teesdale, Map of Yorks. (1828).
67. Inf. from Hull Aero Club, Leven, 1992.
68. Dugdale, Mon. ii. 129.
69. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216.
70. Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, 250; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 77.
71. P.R.O., SC 12/37, no. 4; Cal. S.P. Dom. 1640-1, 528; 1696, 482; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R., v. 101-2; Complete Peerage.
72. P.R.O., E 317/Yorks./34; H.U.L., DDCV/101/1; Shaftesbury MSS., M 218-19; Poulson, Holderness, i. 350; above, Swine, Swine township, manors (Swine).
73. R.D.B., Q/461/1146; Q/462/1147; Complete Peerage.
74. R.D.B., R/355/810; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
76. J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii, s.v. Bethell; below, Rise, manor.
77. B.I.H.R., TA. 80s; E.R.A.O., NV/1/56.
79. Ibid. 820/536/442; 907/201/166; 954/72/66.
80. Ibid. 1003/154/131; loc. inf.
82. R.D.B., 736/50/46; 737/335/272; 738/273/218.
83. Ibid. 771/259/214; 781/555/484; 868/165/149; 1028/ 143/131.
85. Ibid. 954/72/66; 1402/376/333; 1479/2/2.
88. Inf. from the Equitable Life Assurance Soc., 1993.
89. Beverley Chapter Act Bk. i (Sur. Soc. xcviii), 239.
90. Ibid.; Cal. Inq. p.m. vi, p. 239.
91. Cal. Pat. 1553-4, 157-9; Cal. Inq. p.m. xviii, pp. 324-5; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. ii. 326; Complete Peerage.
92. Yorks. Fines, ii. 109.
94. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1661-2, 70; J. Foster, Pedigrees of Yorks. iii, s.v. Bethell.
95. R.D.B., IZ/173/216; 3/231/214 (1885); 17/480/474 (1887); 269/270/228.
96. Ibid. 361/7/5; 763/417/360; 768/570/468; 770/148/ 127; 770/289/256; 771/349/292; 773/3/2; plaque in Brandesburton church.
97. R.D.B., 770/148/127; 877/361/292; 1036/135/124; 1063/228/209.
98. Ibid. 1631/284/250; Reg. of Electors (1993).
99. R.D.B., 771/349/292; 1573/23/16; Reg. of Electors (1993).
101. Chron. de Melsa (Rolls Ser.), i. 96-7.
102. E.Y.C. iii, p. 68.
103. Chron. de Melsa, ii. 235; iii. 122; Poulson, Holderness, i. 354.
104. Cal. Pat. 1563-6, 83; Complete Peerage.
105. P.R.O., C 142/230, no. 37; C 142/367, no. 12; Yorks. Fines, ii. 21.
106. P.R.O., C 5/15/31; C 78/597/6.
107. Dugdale's Visit. Yorks. (Sur. Soc. xxxvi), 70; Reg. Brandesburton (Yorks. Par. Reg. Soc. cxlii), 136; Poulson, Holderness, i. 354-5.
108. R.D.B., K/198/396; K/458/970; M/382/604.
111. Ibid. M/382/604; O/230/568; U/464/885; W/157/335.
112. Ibid. AU/211/336; BC/591/922; E.R.A.O., QDE/1/ 5/16.
114. Ibid. EI/96/94; LG/277/263; B.I.H.R., TA. 649M; E.R.A.O., PE/128/1.
115. R.D.B., 199/459/407; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 451.
116. R.D.B., 199/459/407; 280/458/396; 867/27/26.
117. Inf. from Mr. T. F. Wreathall, Leven, 1993.
118. Poulson, Holderness, i. 355.
119. Department of Environment, Buildings List (1987); Pevsner and Neave, Yorks. E.R. 597.
120. Bridlington Chart. p. 305; Yorks. Deeds, i. 77.
121. Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, 358; Miscellanea, iii (Y.A.S. Rec. Ser. lxxx), 16.
122. Poulson, Holderness, i. 357.
124. R.D.B., 659/185/156; above, this section.
125. R.D.B., 814/139/118; 1549/124/104; Reg. of Electors (1993).
126. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 269.
127. R.D.B., 189/142/131; 570/83/58; 579/595/478; 895/ 538/452.
129. Ibid. 1755/468/378; inf. from the West Hartlepool Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., Hartlepool, 1993.
130. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216.
131. P.R.O., LR 2/230, ff. 83-105.
132. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1693 etc.; above, Catwick, econ. hist.
133. 31 Geo. III, c. 56 (Priv. Act); E.R.A.O., IA. (E 16) (plan); R.D.B., BT/182/24 (award).
134. P.R.O., LR 2/230, ff. 33-40.
138. [1st] Land Util. Surv. Map, Sheet 28.
139. Inf. from Min. of Agric., Fish. & Food, Beverley, 1990.
140. Acreage Returns, 1905; inf. from Min. of Agric., Fish. & Food; inf. from Mr. Rhimes.
141. P.R.O., HO 107/2359, 2365; directories.
142. Inf. from Min. of Agric., Fish. & Food.
143. 'Meaux Cart.' pp. 13-15; Yorks. Deeds, i. p. 77.
144. Yorks. Fines, 1347-77, p. 103.
145. P.R.O., C 66/2969, m. 13; ibid. E 317/Yorks./34; Sheppard, Draining of Hull Valley, 12.
146. Abstracts of Yorks. Wills (Selden Soc. ix), p. 163.
147. E.R.A.O., DDX/434; Poulson, Holderness, i. 355-6; directories.
148. Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, 156.
149. Poulson, Holderness, i. 349.
150. Cal. Chart. R. 1341-1417, pp. 457-8.
151. 1st Rep. Royal Com. Mkt. Rights and Tolls, Vol. i [C. 5550], p. 219, H.C. (1888), liii.
152. O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.); directories.
157. 'Meaux Cart.' pp. 13-15.
158. P.R.O., LR 2/230, f. 88; H.U.L., DSJ/50, p. 86; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
159. E.R.A.O., IA.; T. Jefferys, Map of Yorks. (1772).
160. E.R.A.O., PE/128/25; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
161. E.R.A.O., PE/128/25; ibid. QDP/51; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.); directories.
162. E.R.A.O., PE/128/25; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.); directories; R. Gregory, E. Yorks. Windmills, 47.
163. Gregory, op. cit. 131; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.); directories.
164. B.L. Lansd. Ch. 402-3.
165. Shaftesbury MSS.; M 218.
166. Ibid. M 219; H.U.L., DDCV/101/1; ibid. DSJ/50-7.
167. Ibid. DDCV/102/1; above, econ. hist.
168. Poor Law Abstract, 1804, pp. 598-9; 1818, pp. 522-3.
169. 3rd Rep. Poor Law Com. 167.
171. 3rd Rep. Poor Law Com. 170.
173. Humberside (Structural Change) Order 1995, copy at E.R.A.O.
174. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 216; above, manors.
175. Lawrance, 'Clergy List', Holderness, 1, pp. 83-5.
176. H.U.L., DDCB/4/94; T.E.R.A.S. iv. 61; Poulson, Holderness, i. 351.
177. R.D.B., CX/507/649; V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. vi. 210.
178. R.D.B., DB/587/816; plaque in church.
179. R.D.B., FF/156/190; Poulson, Holderness, i. 351.
181. Ibid. 107/348/323; 107/394/364; 108/107/97.
182. Ibid. 148/55/51; 373/232/193; 808/9/8; inf. from Mrs. V. Jones, Leven, 1993; plaque in church.
184. Ibid. BA. TP. 1955/2, 1957/2; R.D.B., 808/9/8; 899/179/143.
186. Inf. from the rector, Leven, 1997.
187. Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 302; Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 118.
189. B.I.H.R., V. 1884/Ret. 2; Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 950-1.
191. B.I.H.R., TA. 80s; rest of para. based on B.I.H.R. TER. H. Leven 1693 etc.
193. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 118; T.E.R.A.S. iv. 61.
194. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1849 etc.; R.D.B., BT/182/24.
195. R.D.B., 1154/456/420; 1156/409/371; 1157/396/366.
196. Ibid. 1270/308/279; 1293/9/8; 1293/168/154.
197. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1744 etc.; Poulson, Holderness i. 353.
198. R.D.B., 145/252/226; H.U.L., DDCV/102/1.
199. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1663 etc.; Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v. 118.
200. Abp. Grindal's Visit., 1575, ed. W. J. Sheils, 74.
201. B.I.H.R., Fac. 1816/4; ibid. TER. H. Leven 1849; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 2 (1891 edn.).
202. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1825; ibid. MGA. 1937/3; plans in possession of Mrs. B. Etherington, Leven, 1993.
204. Inf. from the rector, Leven, 1993.
205. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 123; Herring's Visit. ii, p. 163.
206. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 2, no. 327; V. 1868/Ret. 2, no. 292; V. 1871/Ret. 1, no. 295; V. 1884/Ret. 2.
207. Ibid. V. 1871/Ret. 1, no. 295; V. 1877/Ret. 2, no. 107.
208. B.I.H.R., Prob. Beverley Reg., f. IV.; D. H. Farmer, Oxford Dict. of Saints, 418-9; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
209. B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 17, f. 701v.; above, econ. hist.
210. B.I.H.R., Fac. 1843/3; illus. in Poulson, Holderness, i, pl. facing p. 294.
211. B.I.H.R., V. 1575/CB. 2, f. 154; V. 1582/CB. 1, f. 207; ER. V./CB. 3, f. 139v.; ER. V. Ret. 1, ff. 28, 30.
212. Herring's Visit. ii, p. 163.
213. B.I.H.R., Fac. 1843/3; ibid. Fac. Bk. 6, p. 463; Lond. Gaz. 29 Oct. 1876, p. 4119.
214. B.I.H.R., CD. 205, 378; ibid. Ch. Ret. ii.
216. J. Lang, Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Sculpture, iii, 174, illus.
217. Illus. in Poulson, Holderness, i. 353.
218. Plaque in church; illus. in Poulson, Holderness, i, pl. facing p. 400.
219. B.I.H.R., TER. H. Leven 1809 etc.; Inventories of Ch. Goods, 42; G. R. Park, Ch. Bells of Holderness, 62.
220. Yorks. Ch. Plate, i. 285.
223. Bridlington Chart. p. 306; above, manors.
225. Depositions from York Castle (Sur. Soc. xl), 123; J. S. Purvis, Tudor Par. Doc. of Dioc. York, 58.
226. P.R.O., RG 31/5, nos. 802, 1064, 2137, 2315, 2503.
227. C. E. Darwent, Story of Fish St. Ch., Hull (1899), 129.
228. Poulson, Holderness, i. 353-4.
229. P.R.O., HO 129/518/6; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
230. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 451; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.).
231. P.R.O., RG 31/5, no. 2388; ibid. HO 129/518/5.
232. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 450.
233. Hull Times, 5 July 1913; above, intro.
235. H.U.L., DSJ/52, pp. 119-20; Educ. of Poor Digest, 1086; N. Wright, John Day, a Village Poet; O.S. Map 6", Yorks. CXCVI (1855 edn.).
236. Educ. Enq. Abstract, 1091.
238. P.R.O., ED 7/135, no. 104.
239. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 468-9.
240. E.R.A.O., SL/76/1; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.).
241. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 450; O.S. Map 1/2,500, Yorks. CXCVI. 15 (1891 edn.).
243. P.R.O., ED. 7/135, no. 104; Rep. of Educ. Cttee. of Council, 1867-8 , p. 732, H.C. (1867-8), xxv; Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 450.
244. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 468-9.
245. Bd. of Educ., List 21 (H.M.S.O., 1908).
246. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1910-11, 25, 250.
248. Bd. of Educ., List 21 (H.M.S.O., 1914 and later edns.).
250. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1950-1, 18, 51-2; 1951-2, 93, 128; 1953-4, 9, 51; 1954-5, 114.
251. Ibid. 1955-6, 151; above, Hornsea, educ.
252. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1965-6, 75.
253. Inf. from Educ. Dept., Humbs. C.C., 1990.
254. Draft Scheme at E.R.A.O.; R.D.B., KH/261/292; LG/47/65; Review of Char. Rep. 33; inf. from Mrs. D. S. Theasby, Leven, 1993; Char. Com. index.
255. E.R.A.O., Char. Reg. no. 513704; inf. from Mrs. Richardson.
256. E.R.A.O., SL/76/1; Beverley Guardian, 1 Dec. 1866.
257. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 468-9.
258. Educ. of Poor Digest, 1086; Educ. Enq. Abstract, 1091; weathered date stone.
259. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 472-3; above, church.
260. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1889), 422.
262. B.I.H.R., V. 1764/Ret. 2, no. 123.

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