Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/409/467/
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 13:50:28+00:00

Document:
In abstaining so as to permit a state court to pass on an issue of state law, a district court should retain jurisdiction pending the state proceeding so that appellants may preserve their right to litigate their federal claims in federal courts at the conclusion of the state proceeding.
"[E]ssentially, the case poses a dispute between a state's highest court and those persons authorized by that court to practice law in the state. The relationship between the parties thus is an extremely delicate one. Under such circumstances, federal courts generally have considered it appropriate, before attempting any direct federal intervention at the outset, first to permit the state courts to process the dispute. Cf. Reetz v. Bozanich, 397 U. S. 82, 397 U. S. 85-87 (1970)."
The court added that "[a]s was true in Reetz, the initial issue is whether the state constitution authorized the enactment challenged." The court therefore granted defendant-appellee's motion to dismiss.
"(A) Retaining jurisdiction, but staying proceedings in this Court pending determination of the issues of state law in the courts of New Jersey, or until efforts to obtain such a determination have been exhausted; or"
federal constitutional issues may be reinstituted after exhausting state recourse with respect to state law issues."
"[A]bstention does not, of course, involve the abdication of federal jurisdiction, but only the postponement of its exercise.'" England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners, 375 U. S. 411, 375 U. S. 416 (1964), quoting from Harrison v. NAACP, 360 U. S. 167, 360 U. S. 177 (1959). For that reason, we have held that a dismissal on grounds of abstention so as to permit a state court to pass on an issue of state law must not be with prejudice. Doud v. Hodge, 350 U. S. 485 (1956); Lake Carriers' Assn. v. MacMullan, 406 U. S. 498 (1972). The proper course is for the District Court to retain jurisdiction pending the proceedings in the state courts. Lake Carriers' Assn. v. MacMullan, supra, at 406 U. S. 512-513; Zwickler v. Koota, 389 U. S. 241, 389 U. S. 244-245, n. 4 (1967). [Footnote 4] Although the District Court may have intended its judgment of dismissal to be without prejudice to the right of appellants to litigate their federal claims in federal court at the conclusion of the state proceeding, the court did deny appellants' motion for an amendment to the judgment, making clear that no prejudice would attach. The motion should have been granted. Accordingly, we vacate the judgment of the District Court and remand the case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
"(c) In any matter where a client's claim for damages is based upon the alleged tortious conduct of another, including products liability claims, and the client is not a subrogee, an attorney shall not contract for, charge, or collect a contingent fee in excess of the following limits: "
"(1) 50% on the first $1000 recovered;"
"(2) 40% on the next $2000 recovered;"
"(3) 33% on the next $47,000 recovered;"
"(4) 20% on the next $50,000 recovered;"
"(5) 10% on any amount recovered over $100,000. . . ."
Appellee maintained below, as it maintains before this Court, that a three-judge court need not have been convened because the constitutional question presented is insubstantial. Bailey v. Patterson, 369 U. S. 31 (1962). It insists, however, that, if the claim is substantial, then it must be heard by a court of three judges. 28 U.S.C. § 2281. In view of the posture of the case on this appeal, we do not, of course, express any view on the merits of the question presented.
The validity of the District Court's decision to abstain is not at issue on this appeal.
"It is better practice, in a case raising a federal constitutional or statutory claim [where the doctrine of abstention is applied], to retain jurisdiction, rather than to dismiss. . . ."
Zwickler, supra, at 395 U. S. 244 n. 4.

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 § 2281