Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555817497.chap29
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 12:21:11+00:00

Document:
Structure of the transposable element Tn5. Stippled bars represent the insertion sequences IS50L (left) and IS50R (right), present as terminal inverted repeats in Tn5. Gene symbols: tnp, coding region for the transposase; inh, coding region for the inhibitor; UAA, stop codon responsible for the truncated versions of the transposase and the inhibitor in IS50L; p, promoter for the transcript of the operon coding for resistance to three antibiotics (nptII, neomycin or kanamycin resistance; ble, bleomycin resistance; str, streptomycin resistance). Abbreviations for restriction enzymes: Ba, BamHI; Bg, BglII; H3, HindIII; Hp, HpaI; No, NotI; Ps, PstI; Pv, PvuII; Sa, SalI; Sm, SmaI; Xh, XhoI.
1. Abe, M.,, M. Tsuda,, M. Kimoto,, S. Inouye,, A. Nakazawa,, and T. Nakazawa. 1996. A genetic analysis system of Burkholderia cepacia: construction of mobilizable transposons and a cloning vector. Gene 174: 191– 194.
2. Akerley, B. J.,, E. J. Rubin,, A. Camilli,, D. J. Lampe,, H. M. Robertson,, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1998. Systematic identification of essential genes by in vitro mariner mutagenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8927– 8932.
3. Akerley, B. J.,, E. J. Rubin,, V. L. Novick,, K. Amaya,, N. Judson,, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2002. A genome-scale analysis for identification of genes required for growth or survival of Haemophilus influenzae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 966– 971.
4. Alexeyev, M.,, and H. H. Winkler. 2002. Transposable dual reporters for studying the structure-function relationships in membrane proteins: permissive sites in R. prowazekii ATP/ADP translocase. Biochemistry 41: 406– 414.
5. Alexeyev, M. F.,, I. N. Shokolenko,, and T. P. Croughan. 1995. New mini-Tn 5 derivatives for insertion mutagenesis and genetic engineering in Gram-negative bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 41: 1053– 1055.
6. Altman, E.,, J. R. Roth,, A. Hessel,, and K. E. Sanderson,. 1996. Transposons currently in use in genetic analysis of Salmonella species, p. 2613– 2626. In F. C. Neidhardt,, R. CurtissIII , , J. L. Ingraham,, E. C. C. Lin,, K. B. Low,, B. Magasanik,, W. S. Reznikoff,, M. Riley,, M. Schaechter,, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., vol. 2. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
7. Alton, N. K.,, and D. Vapnek. 1979. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chloramphenicol resistance transposon Tn 9. Nature 282: 864– 869.
8. Autret, N.,, I. Dubail,, P. Trieu-Cuot,, P. Berche,, and A. Charbit. 2001. Identification of new genes involved in the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes by signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 69: 2054– 2065.
9. Barrett, J. T.,, R. H. Croft,, D. M. Ferber,, C. J. Gerardot,, P. V. Schoenlein,, and B. Ely. 1982. Genetic mapping with Tn 5-derived auxotrophs of Caulobacter crescentus. J. Bacteriol. 151: 888– 898.
10. Bastiaens, L.,, D. Springael,, W. Dejonghe,, P. Wattiau,, H. Verachtert,, and L. Diels. 2001. A transcriptional luxAB reporter fusion responding to fluorene in Sphingomonas sp. LB126 and its initial characterisation for whole-cell bioreporter purposes. Res. Microbiol. 152: 849– 859.
11. Belas, R.,, A. Mileham,, M. Simon,, and M. L. Silverman. 1984. Transposon mutagenesis of marine Vibrio spp. J. Bacteriol. 158: 890– 896.
12. Belfort, M.,, V. Derbyshire,, M. M. Parker,, B. Cousineau,, and A. M. Lambowitz,. 2002. Mobile introns: pathways and proteins, p. 761– 783. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
13. Bellofatto, V.,, L. Shapiro,, and D. A. Hodgson. 1984. Generation of a Tn 5 promoter probe and its use in the study of gene expression in Caulobacter crescentus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 1035– 1039.
14. Berg, C. M.,, and D. E. Berg,. 1996. Transposable element tools for microbial genetics, p. 2588– 2612. In F. C. Neidhardt,, R. Curtiss III, , J. L. Ingraham,, E. C. C. Lin,, K. B. Low,, B. Magasanik,, W. S. Reznikoff,, M. Riley,, M. Schaechter,, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., vol. 2. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
15. Berg, C. M.,, and D. E. Berg,. 1987. Uses of transposable elements and maps of known insertion, p. 1071– 1109. In J. L. Ingraham,, K. B. Low,, B. Magasanik,, M. Schaechter,, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
16. Berg, C. M.,, D. E. Berg,, and E. A. Groisman,. 1989. Transposable elements and the genetic engineering of bacteria, p. 879– 926. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
17. Berg, D. E. 1980. Control of gene expression by a mobile recombinational switch. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4880– 4884.
18. Berg, D. E., 1989. Transposon Tn 5, p. 163– 184. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
19. Berg, D. E.,, and C. M. Berg. 1983. The prokaryotic transposable element Tn 5. Bio/Technology 1: 417– 435.
20. Berg, D. E.,, J. Davies,, B. Allet,, and J. D. Rochaix. 1975. Transposition of R factor genes to bacteriophage lambda. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 3628– 3632.
21. Berg, D. E.,, and M. M. Howe (ed.). 1989. Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
22. Berg, D. E.,, M. A. Schmandt,, and J. B. Lowe. 1983. Specificity of transposon Tn 5 insertion. Genetics 105: 813– 828.
23. Berg, D. E.,, A. Weiss,, and L. Crossland. 1980. Polarity of Tn 5 insertion mutations in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 142: 439– 446.
24. Beringer, J. E.,, J. L. Beynon,, A. V. Buchanan- Wollaston,, and A. W. B. Johnston. 1978. Transfer of the drug-resistance transposon Tn 5 to Rhizobium. Nature 276: 633– 634.
25. Biery, M. C.,, F. J. Stewart,, A. E. Stellwagen,, E. A. Raleigh,, and N. L. Craig. 2000. A simple in vitro Tn7- based transposition system with low target site selectivity for genome and gene analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 28: 1067– 1077.
26. Blattner, F. R.,, G. Plunkett III,, C. A. Bloch,, N. T. Perna,, V. Burland,, M. Riley,, J. Collado-Vides,, J. D. Glasner,, C. K. Rode,, G. F. Mayhew,, J. Gregor,, N. W. Davis,, H. A. Kirkpatrick,, M. A. Goeden,, D. J. Rose,, B. Mau,, and Y. Shao. 1997. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science 277: 1453– 1462.
27. Boivin, R.,, F. P. Chalifou,, and P. Dion. 1988. Construction of a Tn5 derivative encoding bioluminescence and its introduction in Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Mol. Gen. Genet. 213: 50– 55.
28. Bolivar, F. 1978. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. III. Derivatives of plasmid pBR322 carrying unique EcoRI sites for selection of EcoRI generated recombinant molecules. Gene 4: 121– 136.
29. Bolivar, F.,, R. L. Rodriguez,, P. J. Greene,, M. C. Betlach,, H. L. Heyneker,, H. W. Boyer,, and J. H. Crosa. 1977. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene 2: 95– 113.
30. Bukhari, A. I.,, J. A. Shapiro,, and S. L. Adhya (ed.). 1977. DNA Insertion Elements, Plasmids, and Episomes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
31. Burall, L. S.,, J. M. Harro,, X. Li,, C. V. Lockatell,, S. D. Himpsl,, J. R. Hebel,, D. E. Johnson,, and H. L. Mobley. 2004. Proteus mirabilis genes that contribute to pathogenesis of urinary tract infection: identification of 25 signaturetagged mutants attenuated at least 100-fold. Infect. Immun. 72: 2922– 2938.
32. Burlage, R. S.,, Z. K. Yang,, and T. Mehlhorn. 1996. A transposon for green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusions: application for bacterial transport experiments. Gene 173: 53– 58.
33. Campbell, A.,, D. E. Berg,, D. Botstein,, E. M. Lederberg,, R. P. Novick,, P. Starlinger,, and W. Szybalski. 1979. Nomenclature of transposable elements in prokaryotes. Gene 5: 197– 206.
34. Campbell, A.,, D. E. Berg,, D. Botstein,, R. Novick,, and P. Starlinger,. 1977. Nomenclature of transposable elements in prokaryotes, p. 15– 22. In A. I. Bukhari,, J. A. Shapiro,, and S. L. Adhya (ed.), Insertion Elements, Plasmids, and Episomes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
35. Chaconas, G.,, and R. M. Harshey,. 2002. Transposition of phage Mu DNA, p. 384– 402. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
36. Chalfie, M.,, Y. Tu,, G. Euskirchen,, W. W. Ward,, and D. C. Prasher. 1994. Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science 263: 802– 805.
37. Chang, A. C. Y.,, and S. N. Coben. 1978. Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the P15A cryptic miniplasmid. J. Bacteriol. 134: 1141– 1156.
38. Charles, T. C.,, and T. M. Finan. 1990. Genetic map of Rhizobium meliloti megaplasmid pRmeSU47b. J. Bacteriol. 172: 2469– 2476.
39. Chiang, S. L.,, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1998. Use of signature- tagged transposon mutagenesis to identify Vibrio cholerae genes critical for colonization. Mol. Microbiol. 27: 797– 805.
40. Chow, W.-Y.,, and D. E. Berg. 1988. Tn 5tac1, a derivative of transposon Tn 5 that generates conditional mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 6468– 6472.
41. Churchward, G., 2002. Conjugative transposons and related mobile elements, p. 177– 191. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
42. Clewell, D. B., 1998. Conjugative transposons, p. 130– 139. In F. J. de Bruijn,, J. R. Lupski,, and G. M. Weinstock (ed.), Bacterial Genomes: Physical Structure and Analysis. Chapman & Hall, New York, NY.
43. Cousineau, B.,, S. Lawrence,, D. Smith,, and M. Belfort. 2000. Retrotransposition of a bacterial group II intron. Nature 404: 1018– 1021.
44. Craig, N. L., 2002. Tn 7, p. 423– 456. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
45. Craig, N. L., 1996. Transposition, p. 2339– 2362. In F. C. Neidhardt,, R. Curtiss III,, J. L. Ingraham,, E. C. C. Lin,, K. B. Low,, B. Magasanik,, W. S. Reznikoff,, M. Riley,, M. Schaechter,, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed., vol. 2. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
46. Craig, N. L., 1989. Transposon Tn 7, p. 211– 225. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
47. Craig, N. L.,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz. 2002. Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
48. Davey, M. E.,, and F. J. de Bruijn. 2000. A homologue of the tryptophan-rich sensory protein TspO and FixL regulate a novel nutrient deprivation-induced Sinorhizobium meliloti locus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5353– 5359.
49. Davies, D. R.,, I. Y. Goryshin,, W. S. Reznikoff,, and I. Rayment. 2000. Three-dimensional structure of the Tn 5 synaptic complex transposition intermediate. Science 289: 77– 85.
50. de Bruijn, F. J. 1987. Transposon Tn 5 mutagenesis to map genes. Methods Enzymol. 154: 175– 196.
51. de Bruijn, F. J. 1992. Use of repetitive (repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus) sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to fingerprint the genomes of Rhizobium meliloti isolates and other soil bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2180– 2187.
52. de Bruijn, F. J.,, and J. R. Lupski. 1984. The use of transposon Tn 5 mutagenesis in the rapid generation of correlated physical and genetic maps of DNA segments cloned into multicopy plasmids: a review. Gene 27: 131– 149.
53. de Bruijn, F. J.,, S. Rossbach,, M. Schneider,, P. Ratet,, W. W. Szeto,, F. M. Ausubel,, and J. Schell. 1989. Rhizobium meliloti 1021 has three differentially regulated loci involved in glutamine biosynthesis, none of which is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. J. Bacteriol. 171: 1673– 1682.
54. de Bruijn, F. J.,, I. L. Stroke,, D. J. Marvel,, and F. M. Ausubel. 1983. Construction of a correlated physical and genetic map of the Klebsiella pneumoniae hisDGO region using transposon Tn 5 mutagenesis. EMBO J. 2: 1831– 1838.
55. de Lorenzo, V.,, M. Herrero,, U. Jakubzik,, and K. N. Timmis. 1990. Mini-Tn 5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in gram-negative eubacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172: 6568– 6572.
56. de Lorenzo, V.,, and K. N. Timmis. 1994. Analysis and construction of stable phenotypes in Gram-Negative bacteria with Tn 5- and Tn 10-derived minitransposons. Methods Enzymol. 235: 386– 405.
57. Dennis, J. J.,, and G. J. Zylstra. 1998. Plasposons: modular self-cloning minitransposon derivatives for rapid genetic analysis of gram-negative bacterial genomes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2710– 2715.
58. De Vos, G. F.,, C. C. Walker,, and E. R. Signer. 1986. Genetic manipulations in Rhizobium meliloti utilizing two new transposon Tn 5 derivatives. Mol. Gen. Genet. 204: 485– 491.
59. Ditta, G. 1986. Tn 5 mapping of Rhizobium nitrogen fixation genes. Methods Enzymol. 118: 519– 528.
60. Ditta, G.,, S. Stanfield,, D. Corbin,, and D. R. Helinski. 1980. Broad host range DNA cloning system for gramnegative bacteria. Construction of a gene bank of Rhizobium meliloti. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 7347– 7351.
61. Donald, R. G. K.,, C. K. Raymond,, and R. A. Ludwig. 1985. Vector insertion mutagenesis of Rhizobium sp. strain ORS571: direct cloning of mutagenized DNA sequences. J. Bacteriol. 162: 317– 323.
62. Dower, W. J.,, J. F. Miller,, and C. W. Ragsdale. 1988. High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 6127– 6145.
63. Fedi, S.,, D. Brazil,, D. N. Dowling,, and F. O’Gara. 1996. Construction of a modified mini-Tn 5lacZY non-antibiotic marker cassette: ecological evaluation of lacZY marked Pseudomonas strain in the sugarbeet rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 135: 251– 257.
64. Fernandes, P. J.,, J. A. C. Powell,, and J. A. C. Archer. 2001. Construction of Rhodococcus random mutagenesis libraries using Tn 5 transposition complexes. Microbiology 147: 2529– 2536.
65. Finan, T. M.,, I. Oresnik,, and A. Bottacin. 1988. Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti defective in succinate metabolism. J. Bacteriol. 170: 3396– 3403.
66. Friedman, A. M.,, S. R. Long,, S. E. Brown,, W. J. Buikema,, and F. M. Ausubel. 1982. Construction of a broad host range cosmid cloning vector and its use in the genetic analysis of Rhizobium mutants. Gene 18: 289– 296.
67. Fuller, T. E.,, M. J. Kennedy,, and D. E. Lowery. 2000. Identification of Pasteurella multocida virulence genes in a septicemic mouse model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Microb. Pathog. 29: 25– 38.
68. Fuller, T. E.,, S. Martin,, J. F. Teel,, G. R. Alaniz,, M. J. Kennedy,, and D. E. Lowery. 2000. Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae virulence genes using signature- tagged mutagenesis in a swine infection model. Microb. Pathog. 29: 39– 51.
69. Furuichi, T.,, M. Inouye,, and S. Inouye. 1985. Novel one-step cloning vector with a transposable element: application to the Myxococcus xanthus genome. J. Bacteriol. 164: 270– 275.
70. Furukawa, K.,, S. Hayashida,, and K. Taira. 1991. Genespecific transposon mutagenesis of the biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl-degradation controlling bph operon in soil bacteria. Gene 98: 21– 28.
71. Gallagher, S. R. 1992. GUS Protocols: Using the GUS Gene as a Reporter of Gene Expression. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
72. Gay, P.,, D. L. Coq,, M. Steinmetz,, T. Berkelman,, and C. I. Kado. 1985. Positive selection procedure for entrapment of insertion sequence elements in gram-negative bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 164: 918– 921.
73. Gehring, A. M.,, J. R. Nodwell,, S. M. Beverley,, and R. Losick. 2000. Genomewide insertional mutagenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor reveals additional genes involved in morphological differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 9642– 9647.
74. Gentschev, I.,, G. Maier,, A. Kranig,, and W. Goebel. 1996. Mini-Tn hlyAs: a new tool for the construction of secreted fusion proteins. Mol. Gen. Genet. 252: 266– 274.
75. Gerdes, S. Y.,, M. D. Scholle,, M. D’Souza,, A. Bernal,, M. V. Baev,, M. Farrell,, O. V. Kurnasov,, M. D. Daugherty,, F. Mseeh,, B. M. Polanuyer,, J. W. Campbell,, S. Anantha,, K. Y. Shatalin,, S. A. Chowdhury,, M. Y. Fonstein,, and A. L. Osterman. 2002. From genetic footprinting to antimicrobial drug targets: examples in cofactor biosynthetic pathways. J. Bacteriol. 184: 4555– 4572.
76. Goryshin, I. Y.,, J. Jendrisak,, L. M. Hoffman,, R. Meis,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 2000. Insertional transposon mutagenesis by electroporation of released Tn 5 tranposition complexes. Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 97– 100.
77. Goryshin, I. Y.,, J. A. Miller,, Y. V. Kil,, V. A. Lansov,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 1998. Tn 5/IS 50 target recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 10716– 10721.
78. Goryshin, I. Y.,, T. A. Naumann,, J. Apodaca,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 2003. Chromosomal deletion formation system based on Tn5 double transposition: use for making minimal genomes and essential gene analysis. Genome Res. 13: 644– 653.
79. Goryshin, I. Y.,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 1998. Tn 5 in vitro transposition. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 7367– 7374.
80. Gottesman, M. M.,, and J. L. Rosner. 1975. Acquisition of a determinant for chloramphenicol resistance by coliphage lambda. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 5041– 5045.
81. Grant, A. J.,, C. Coward,, M. A. Jones,, C. A. Woodall,, P. A. Barrow,, and D. J. Maskell. 2005. Signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of cecal colonization of 2-week-old chickens by Campylobacter jejuni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8031– 8041.
82. Grindley, N. D. F., 2002. The movement of Tn 3-like elements: transposition and cointegrate resolution, p. 272– 302. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
83. Groh, J. L.,, Q. Luo,, J. D. Ballard,, and L. R. Krumholz. 2005. A method adapting microarray technology for signature- tagged mutagenesis of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in anaerobic sediment survival experiments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 7064– 7074.
84. Guilhabert, M. R.,, L. M. Hoffman,, D. A. Mills,, and B. C. Kirkpatrick. 2001. Transposon mutagenesis of Xylella fastidiosa by electroporation of Tn 5 synaptic complexes. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14: 701– 706.
85. Haapa, S.,, S. Taira,, E. Heikkinen,, and H. Savilahti. 1999. An effective and accurate integration of mini-Mu transposons in vitro: a general methodology for functional genetic analysis and molecular biology applications. Nucleic Acids Res. 27: 2777– 2784.
86. Haniford, D. B., 2002. Transposon Tn 10, p. 457– 483. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
87. Hansen, L. H.,, and S. J. Sorensen. 2000. Detection and quantification of tetracyclines by whole cell biosensors. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 190: 273– 278.
88. Hansen, L. H.,, and S. J. Sorensen. 2000. Versatile biosensor vectors for detection and quantification of mercury. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 193: 123– 127.
89. Harayama, S.,, E. T. Palva,, and G. L. Hazelbauer. 1979. Transposon-insertion mutants of Escherichia coli K12 defective in a component common to galactose and ribose chemotaxis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 171: 193– 203.
90. Hare, R. S.,, S. S. Walker,, T. E. Dorman,, J. R. Greene,, L. M. Guzman,, T. J. Kenney,, M. C. Sulavik,, K. Baradaran,, C. Houseweart,, H. Yu,, Z. Foldes,, A. Motzer,, M. Walbridge,, G. H. Shimer, Jr.,, and K. J. Shaw. 2001. Genetic footprinting in bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 183: 1694– 1706.
91. Hayes, F. 2003. Transposon-based strategies for microbial functional genomics and proteomics. Annu. Rev. Genet. 37: 3– 29.
92. Hedges, R. W.,, and A. E. Jakob. 1974. Transposition of ampicillin resistance from RP4 to other replicons. Mol. Gen. Genet. 132: 31– 40.
93. Heiner, C. R.,, K. L. Hunkapillar,, S.-M. Chen,, J. I. Glass,, and E. Y. Chen. 1998. Sequencing multimegabase- template DNA with BigDye terminator chemistry. Genome Res. 8: 557– 561.
94. Hensel, M.,, J. E. Shea,, C. Gleeson,, M. D. Jones,, E. Dalton,, and D. W. Holden. 1995. Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. Science 269: 400– 403.
95. Herrero, M.,, V. de Lorenzo,, and K. N. Timmis. 1990. Transposon vectors containing non-antibiotic resistance selection markers for cloning and stable chromosomal insertion of foreign genes in gram-negative bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172: 6557– 6567.
96. Hilgert, U.,, J. Schell,, and F. J. de Bruijn. 1987. Isolation and characterization of Tn 5-induced NADPH-glutamate synthase (GOGAT?) mutants of Azorhizobium sesbaniae ORS571 and cloning of the corresponding glt locus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210: 195– 202.
97. Hirsch, P. R.,, and J. E. Beringer. 1984. A physical map of pPH1JI and pJB4JI. Plasmid 12: 139– 141.
98. Hirsch, P. R.,, C. L. Wang,, and M. J. Woodward. 1986. Construction of a Tn 5 derivative determining resistance to gentamicin and spectinomycin using a fragment cloned from R1033. Gene 48: 203– 209.
99. Hoffman, L. M.,, J. J. Jendriska,, R. J. Meis,, I. Y. Goryshin,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 2000. Transposome insertional mutagenesis and direct sequencing of microbial genomes. Genetica 108: 19– 24.
100. Holliday, R. 1956. A new method for identification of auxotrophic mutants in microorganisms. Nature 178: 987.
101. Hynes, M.,, J. Quandt,, M. P. O’Connell,, and A. Puehler. 1989. Direct selection for curing and deletion of Rhizobium plasmids using transposons carrying the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene. Gene 78: 111– 120.
102. Jefferson, R. A.,, S. M. Burgess,, and D. Hirsh. 1986. β- Glucuronidase from Escherichia coli as a gene-fusion marker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 8447– 8451.
103. Kaniga, K.,, and J. Davison. 1991. Transposon vectors for stable chromosomal integration of cloned genes in rhizosphere bacteria. Gene 100: 201– 205.
104. Keen, M. G.,, E. D. Street,, and P. S. Hoffman. 1985. Broad host-range plasmid pRK340 delivers Tn 5 into the Legionella pneumophila chromosome. J. Bacteriol. 162: 1332– 1335.
105. Kennedy, C.,, R. Gamal,, R. Humphrey,, I. Ramos,, K. Brigle,, and D. Dean. 1986. The nifH, nifM and nifN genes of Azotobacter vinelandii: characterization by Tn 5 mutagenesis and isolation from pLAFR1 gene banks. Mol. Gen. Genet. 205: 318– 325.
106. Kleckner, N., 1989. Transposon Tn 10, p. 227– 268. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
107. Kleckner, N.,, R. K. Chan,, B. K. Tye,, and D. Botstein. 1975. Mutagenesis by insertion of a drug resistance element carrying an inverted repetition. J. Mol. Biol. 95: 561– 575.
108. Kleckner, N.,, J. Roth,, and D. Botstein. 1977. Genetic engineering in vivo using translocatable drug-resistant elements: new methods in bacterial genetics. J. Mol. Biol. 116: 125– 159.
109. Kolter, R.,, M. Inuzuka,, and D. R. Helinski. 1978. Trans-complementation-dependent replication of a low molecular weight origin fragment from plasmid R6K. Cell 15: 1199– 1208.
110. Krebs, M. P.,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 1988. Use of a Tn 5 derivative that creates lacZ translational fusions to obtain a transposition mutant. Gene 63: 277– 285.
111. Krin, E.,, F. Hommais,, O. Soutourina,, S. Ngo,, A. Danchin,, and P. Bertin. 2001. Description and application of a rapid method for genomic DNA direct sequencing. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 199: 229– 233.
112. Krishnan, B. R.,, D. Kersulyte,, I. Brikun,, C. M. Berg,, and D. E. Berg. 1991. Direct and crossover PCR amplification to facilitate Tn 5supF-based sequencing of ? phage clones. Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 6177– 6182.
113. Kroos, L.,, and D. Kaiser. 1984. Construction of Tn 5lac, a transposon that fuses lacZ expression to exogenous promoters, and its introduction into Myxococcus xanthus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 5816– 5820.
114. Kuner, L. M.,, and D. Kaiser. 1981. Introduction of transposon Tn 5 into Myxococcus for analysis of developmental and other nonselectable mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 425– 429.
115. Laird, A. J.,, and I. G. Young. 1980. Tn 5 mutagenesis of the enterocholin gene cluster of Escherichia coli. Gene 11: 359– 366.
116. Lambrecht, M.,, A. Vande Broek,, and J. Vanderleyden,. 2000. The use of the GUS reporter system to study molecular aspects of interactions between bacteria and plants, p. 87– 99. In J. K. Jansson,, J. D. van Elsas,, and M. J. Bailey (ed.), Tracking Genetically-Engineered Microorganisms. Eurekah.com/Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX.
117. Lederberg, L.,, and E. M. Lederberg. 1952. Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants. J. Bacteriol. 63: 399.
118. Lehoux, D. E.,, and R. C. Levesque. 2000. Detection of genes essential in specific niches by signature-tagged mutagenesis. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11: 434– 439.
119. Lehoux, D. E.,, and R. C. Levesque. 2002. Polymerase chain reaction-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. Methods Mol. Biol. 182: 127– 137.
120. Lestrate, P.,, R. M. Delrue,, I. Danese,, C. Didembourg,, B. Taminiau,, P. Mertens,, X. D. Bolle,, A. Tibor,, C. M. Tang,, and J. J. Letesson. 2000. Identification and characterization of in vivo attenuated mutants of Brucella melitensis. Mol. Microbiol. 38: 548– 551.
121. Ludwig, R. A. 1987. Gene tandem-mediated selection of coliphage ?-receptive Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium strains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 3334– 3338.
122. Lupski, J. R.,, L. S. Ozaki,, J. Ellis,, and G. N. Godson. 1983. Localization of the Plasmodium surface antigen epitope by Tn 5 mutagenesis mapping of a recombinant cDNA clone. Science 220: 1285– 1288.
123. Lupski, L. R.,, Y. H. Zhang,, M. Rieger,, M. Minter,, B. Hsu,, T. Koeuth,, and E. R. B. McCabe. 1990. Mutational analysis of the Escherichia coli glpFK region with Tn 5 mutagenesis and the polymerase chain reaction. J. Bacteriol. 172: 6129– 6134.
124. Manoil, C.,, and J. Beckwith. 1986. A genetic approach to analyzing membrane protein topology. Science 233: 1403– 1408.
125. Manoil, C.,, and J. Beckwith. 1985. Tn phoA: a transposon probe for protein export signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 8129– 8133.
126. Manoil, C.,, J. J. Mekalanos,, and J. Beckwith. 1990. Alkaline phosphatase fusions: sensors of subcellular location. J. Bacteriol. 172: 515– 518.
127. Manoil, C.,, and B. Traxler. 2000. Insertion of in-frame sequence tags into proteins using transposons. Methods 20: 55– 61.
128. Marsch-Moreno, R.,, G. Hernandez-Guzman,, and A. Alvarez-Morales. 1998. pTn 5cat: a Tn 5-derived genetic element to facilitate insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, physical mapping, cloning, and marker exchange in phytopathogenic and other Gram-Negative bacteria. Plasmid 39: 205– 214.
129. Martinez-Abarca, F.,, and N. Toro. 2000. Group II introns in the bacterial world. Mol. Microbiol. 38: 917– 926.
130. Meade, H. M.,, S. R. Long,, G. B. Ruvkun,, S. E. Brown,, and F. M. Ausubel. 1982. Physical and genetic characterization of symbiotic and auxotrophic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti induced by transposon Tn 5 mutagenesis. J. Bacteriol. 149: 114– 122.
131. Mecsas, J. 2002. Use of signature-tagged mutagenesis in pathogenesis studies. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5: 33– 37.
132. Mecsas, J.,, I. Bilis,, and S. Falkow. 2001. Identification of attentuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains and characterization of an orogastric infection in BALB/c mice on day 5 postinfection by signature-tagged mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 69: 2779– 2787.
133. Mei, J.-M.,, F. Nourbakhsh,, C. W. Ford,, and D. W. Holden. 1997. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in a murine model of bacteraemia using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Mol. Microbiol. 26: 399– 407.
134. Meighen, E. A. 1991. Molecular biology of bacterial bioluminescence. Microbiol. Rev. 55: 123– 142.
135. Merriman, T. R.,, and I. L. Lamont. 1993. Construction and use of a self-cloning promoter probe vector for Gramnegative bacteria. Gene 126: 17– 23.
136. Milcamps, A.,, P. Struffi,, and F. J. de Bruijn. 2001. The Sinorhizobium meliloti nutrient-deprivation-induced tyrosine degradation gene hmgA is controlled by a novel member of the arsR family of regulatory genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 2641– 2648.
137. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
138. Miller, J. H.,, M. P. Calos,, M. Hofer,, D. Buechel,, and B. Mueller-Hill. 1980. Genetic analysis of transpositions in the lac region of Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 144: 1– 18.
139. Miller, V. L.,, and J. J. Mekalanos. 1988. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J. Bacteriol. 170: 2575– 2583.
140. Morales, V. M.,, and L. Sequeira. 1985. Suicide vector for transposon mutagenesis in Pseudomonas solanacearum. J. Bacteriol. 163: 1263– 1264.
141. Morgan, G. J.,, G. F. Hatfull,, S. Casjens,, and R. W. Hendrix. 2002. Bacteriophage Mu genome sequence: analysis and comparison with Mu-like prophages in Haemophilus, Neisseria and Deinococcus. J. Mol. Biol. 317: 337– 359.
142. Murphy, E., 1989. Transposable elements in gram-positive bacteria, p. 269– 288. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
143. Nag, D. K.,, H. V. Huang,, and D. E. Berg. 1988. Bidirectional chain termination nucleotide sequencing: transposon Tn 5seq1 as a mobile source of primer sites. Gene 64: 135– 145.
144. Obukowicz, M. G.,, F. J. Perlak,, K. Kusano-Kretzmer,, E. J. Mayer,, and L. S. Watrud. 1986. Integration of the delta endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis into the chromosome of root colonizing strains of pseudomonads using Tn 5. Gene 45: 327– 331.
145. Osteras, M.,, J. Stanley,, W. J. Broughton,, and D. N. Dowling. 1989. A chromosomal genetic map of Rhizobium sp. NGR234 generated with Tn 5- Mob. Mol. Gen. Genet. 220: 157– 160.
146. O’Toole, G. A.,, and R. Kolter. 1998. Initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis. Mol. Microbiol. 28: 449– 461.
147. O’Toole, G. A.,, L. A. Pratt,, P. I. Watnick,, D. K. Newman,, V. B. Weaver,, and R. Kolter. 1999. Genetic approaches to study of biofilms. Methods Enzymol. 310: 91– 109.
148. Paik, S.,, L. Senty,, S. Das,, J. C. Noe,, C. L. Munro,, and T. Kitten. 2005. Identification of virulence determinants for endocarditis in Streptococcus sanguinis by signaturetagged mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 73: 6064– 6074.
149. Palva, E. T.,, P. Liljestroem,, and S. Harayama. 1981. Cosmid cloning and transposon mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium using phage ? vehicles. Mol. Gen. Genet. 181: 153– 157.
150. Pato, M. L., 1989. Bacteriophage Mu, p. 23– 52. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
151. Pawlowski, K.,, P. Ratet,, J. Schell,, and F. J. de Bruijn. 1987. Cloning and characterization of nifA and ntrC genes of the stem nodulating bacterium ORS571, the nitrogen fixing symbiont of Sesbania rostrata: regulation of nitrogen fixation ( nif) genes in the free living versus symbiotic state. Mol. Gen. Genet. 206: 207– 219.
152. Phadnis, S. H.,, and D. E. Berg. 1987. Identification of base pairs in the outside end of insertion sequence IS 50 that are needed for IS 50 and Tn 5 transposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 9118– 9122.
153. Phadnis, S. H.,, H. V. Huang,, and D. E. Berg. 1989. Tn 5supF, a 264 base-pair transposon derived from Tn 5 for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing DNAs cloned in phage ?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 5908– 5912.
154. Phadnis, S. H.,, S. Kulakauskas,, B. R. Krishnan,, J. Hiemstra,, and D. E. Berg. 1991. Transposon Tn 5supFbased reverse genetic method for mutational analysis of Escherichia coli with DNAs cloned in ? phage. J. Bacteriol. 173: 896– 899.
155. Pischl, D. L.,, and S. K. Farrand. 1984. Characterization of transposon Tn 5-facilitated donor strains and development of a chromosomal linkage map for Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 159: 1– 8.
156. Polesky, A. H.,, J. T. Ross,, S. Falkow,, and L. S. Tompkins. 2001. Identification of Legionella pneumophila genes important for infection of amoebas by signaturetagged mutagenesis. Infect. Immun. 69: 977– 987.
157. Polissi, A.,, A. Pontiggia,, G. Feger,, M. Altieri,, H. Mottl,, L. Ferrari,, and D. Simon. 1998. Large-scale identification of virulence genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 66: 5620– 5629.
158. Prosser, J. I.,, A. J. Palomares,, M. T. Karp,, and P. J. Hill,. 2000. Luminescence-based microbial marker systems and their application in microbial ecology, p. 69– 85. In J. K. Jansson,, J. D. van Elsas,, and M. J. Bailey (ed.), Tracking Genetically-Engineered Microorganisms. Eurekah.com/Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX.
159. Recchia, G. D.,, and D. J. Sheratt,. 2002. Gene acquisition in bacteria by integron-mediated site-specific recombination, p. 162– 176. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
160. Reeve, J. 1979. Use of minicells for bacteriophage directed polypeptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol. 68: 493– 503.
161. Rella, M.,, A. Mercenier,, and D. Hass. 1985. Transposon insertion mutagenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a Tn 5 derivative: application to physical mapping of the arc gene cluster. Gene 33: 293– 303.
162. Reznikoff, W. S. 2003. Tn 5 as a model for understanding DNA transposition. Mol. Microbiol. 47: 1199– 1206.
163. Reznikoff, W. S., 2002. Tn 5 transposition, p. 403– 422. In N. L. Craig,, R. Craigie,, M. Gellert,, and A. M. Lambowitz (ed.), Mobile DNA II. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
164. Reznikoff, W. S. 2006. Tn 5 transposition: a molecular tool for studying protein structure-function. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 320– 323.
165. Reznikoff, W. S.,, A. Bhasin,, D. R. Davies,, I. Y. Goryshin,, L. A. Mahnke,, T. Naumann,, I. Rayment,, M. Steiniger-White,, and S. S. Twining. 1999. Tn 5: a molecular window on transposition. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266: 729– 734.
166. Rich, J. J.,, and D. K. Willis. 1990. A single oligonucleotide can be used to rapidly isolate DNA sequences flanking a transposon Tn 5 insertion by the polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6673– 6676.
167. Riedel, G. E.,, F. M. Ausubel,, and F. C. Cannon. 1979. Physical map of chromosomal nitrogen fixation ( nif) genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 2866– 2870.
168. Rossbach, S.,, M. L. Kukuk,, T. L. Wilson,, S. F. Feng,, M. M. Pearson,, and M. A. Fisher. 2000. Cadmiumregulated gene fusions in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Environ. Microbiol. 2: 373– 382.
169. Rossbach, S.,, J. Schell,, and F. J. de Bruijn. 1988. Cloning and analysis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 loci involved in glutamine biosynthesis: neither the glnA (GSI) nor the glnII (GSII) gene plays a special role in virulence. Mol. Gen. Genet. 212: 38– 47.
170. Rossbach, S.,, T. L. Wilson,, M. L. Kukuk,, and H. A. Carty. 2000. Elevated zinc induces siderophore biosynthesis genes and a zntA-like gene in Pseudomonas fluorescens. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 191: 61– 70.
171. Rostas, K.,, P. Sista,, J. Stanley,, and D. P. S. Verma. 1984. Transposon mutagenesis of Rhizobium japonicum. Mol. Gen. Genet. 197: 230– 235.
172. Ruvkun, G. B.,, and F. M. Ausubel. 1981. A general method for site-directed mutagenesis in prokaryotes. Nature 289: 85– 88.
173. Saenz, H. L.,, and C. Dehio. 2005. Signature-tagged mutagenesis: technical advances in a negative selection method for virulence gene identification. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 8: 612– 619.
174. Sambrook, J.,, E. F. Fritsch,, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
175. Sambrook, J.,, and D. Russell. 2001. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
176. Sancar, A.,, A. M. Hack,, and W. D. Rupp. 1979. Simple method for identification of plasmid-coded proteins. J. Bacteriol. 137: 692– 693.
177. Sanger, F.,, S. Nicklen,, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463– 5467.
178. Sarthy, A.,, S. Michaelis,, and J. Beckwith. 1981. Deletion map of the Escherichia coli structural gene for alkaline phosphatase. J. Bacteriol. 145: 288– 292.
179. Sasakawa, C.,, K. Kamata,, T. Sakai,, S. Makino,, M. Yamada,, and N. Okada. 1988. Virulence-associated genetic regions comprising 31 kilobases of the 230 kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a. J. Bacteriol. 170: 2480– 2484.
180. Sasakawa, C.,, and M. Yoshikawa. 1987. A series of Tn 5 variants with various drug-resistance markers and suicide vector for transposon mutagenesis. Gene 56: 283– 288.
181. Selvaraj, G.,, and V. N. Iyer. 1983. Suicide plasmid vehicles for insertion mutagenesis in Rhizobium meliloti and related bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 156: 1292– 1300.
182. Shah, D. H.,, M. J. Lee,, J. H. Park,, J. H. Lee,, S. K. Eo,, J. T. Kwon,, and J. S. Chae. 2005. Identification of Salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. Microbiology 151: 3957– 3968.
183. Sharma, S. B.,, and E. R. Signer. 1990. Temporal and spatial regulation of the symbiotic genes of Rhizobium meliloti in planta revealed by transposon Tn 5- gusA. Genes Dev. 4: 344– 356.
184. Shaw, K. J.,, and C. M. Berg. 1979. Escherichia coli K-12 auxotrophs induced by insertion of the transposable element Tn 5. Genetics 92: 741– 747.
185. Shea, J. E.,, J. D. Santangelo,, and R. G. Feldman. 2000. Signature-tagged mutagenesis in the identification of virulence genes in pathogens. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3: 451– 458.
186. Sherratt, D., 1989. Tn 3 and related transposable elements, p. 163– 184. In D. E. Berg, and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
187. Silhavy, T. J.,, and J. R. Beckwith. 1985. Uses of lac fusions for the study of biological problems. Microbiol. Rev. 49: 398– 418.
188. Simon, R. 1984. High frequency mobilization system for in vivo constructed Tn 5 Mob transposon. Mol. Gen. Genet. 196: 413– 420.
189. Simon, R.,, M. O’Connell,, M. Labes,, and A. Puehler. 1986. Plasmid vectors for the genetic analysis and manipulation of rhizobia and other Gram-negative bacteria. Methods Enzymol. 118: 640– 659.
190. Simon, R.,, U. Priefer,, and A. Puehler. 1983. A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: transposon mutagenesis in Gram-negative bacteria. Bio/Technology 1: 784– 791.
191. Simon, R.,, and U. B. Priefer,. 1990. Vector technology of relevance to nitrogen fixation research, p. 13– 49. In P. M. Gresshoff (ed.), Molecular Biology of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
192. Simon, R.,, J. Quandt,, and W. Klipp. 1989. New derivatives of transposon Tn 5 suitable for mobilization of replicons, generation of operon fusions and induction of genes in Gram-negative bacteria. Gene 80: 161– 169.
193. Smith, C. L.,, and C. R. Cantor. 1987. Purification, specific fragmentation and separation of large DNA molecules. Methods Enzymol. 151: 449– 467.
194. Smith, C. L.,, J. G. Econome,, A. Schutt,, S. Klco,, and C. R. Cantor. 1987. A physical map of the Escherichia coli K12 genome. Science 236: 1448– 1453.
195. Smith, C. L.,, and R. D. Kolodner. 1988. Mapping of Escherichia coli chromosomal Tn 5 and F insertions by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Genetics 119: 227– 236.
196. Smith, V.,, D. Botstein,, and P. O. Brown. 1995. Genetic footprinting: a genomic strategy for determining a gene’s function given its sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 6479– 6483.
197. Spreng, S.,, and I. Gentschev. 1998. Construction of chromosomally encoded secreted hemolysin fusion proteins by use of mini-Tn hlyAs transposon. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 165: 187– 192.
198. Starlinger, P.,, and H. Saedler. 1976. IS-elements in microorganisms. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 75: 111– 152.
199. Steiniger-White, M.,, I. Rayment,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 2004. Structure/function insights into Tn 5 transposition. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 14: 50– 57.
200. Stewart, G. S. A. B.,, and P. Williams. 1992. lux-genes and the applications of bacterial bioluminescence. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1289– 1300.
201. Stojiljkovic, I.,, Z. Trgovcevic,, and E. Salaj-Smic. 1991. Tn 5rpsL, a new derivative of transposon Tn 5 useful in plasmid curing. Gene 99: 101– 104.
202. Stoltzfus, J. R.,, J. K. Jansson,, and F. J. de Bruijn,. 2000. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a biomarker or bioreporter for bacteria, p. 101– 116. In J. K. Jansson,, J. D. van Elsas,, and M. J. Bailey (ed.), Tracking Genetically-Engineered Microorganisms. Eurekah.com/ Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX.
203. Suarez, A.,, A. Guttler,, M. Stratz,, L. H. Staendner,, K. N. Timms,, and C. A. Guzman. 1997. Green fluorescent protein-based reporter systems for genetic analysis of bacteria including monocopy applications. Gene 196: 69– 74.
204. Subramanian, P. S.,, I. Versalovic,, E. R. B. McCabe,, and J. R. Lupski. 1992. Rapid mapping of Escherichia coli::Tn 5 insertion mutations by REP-Tn 5 PCR. PCR Methods Appl. 1: 187– 194.
205. Tang, X.,, B. F. Lu,, and S. Q. Pan. 1999. A bifunctional transposon mini-Tn 5gfp-km which can be used to select for promoter fusions and report gene expression levels in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 37– 42.
206. Taylor, A. L. 1963. Bacteriophage induced mutation in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 50: 1043– 1051.
207. Tu, X.,, I. Nisan,, J. F. Miller,, E. Hanski,, and I. Rosenshine. 2001. Construction of mini-Tn 5cyaA? and its utilization for the identification of genes encoding surface- exposed and secreted proteins in Bordetella bronchiseptica. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205: 119– 123.
208. Unge, A.,, R. Tombolini,, L. Molbak,, and J. K. Jansson. 1999. Simultaneous monitoring of cell number and metabolic activity of specific bacterial populations with a dual gfp- luxAB marker system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 813– 821.
209. Van Haute, E.,, H. Joos,, M. Maes,, G. Warren,, M. V. Montagu,, and J. Schell. 1983. Intergenic transfer and exchange recombination of restriction fragments cloned in pBR322: a novel strategy for the reversed genetics of the Ti-plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. EMBO J. 2: 411– 429.
210. Versalovic, J.,, T. Koeuth,, and J. R. Lupski. 1991. Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 6823– 6831.
211. Walker, M. J.,, and J. M. Pemberton. 1988. Construction of transposons encoding genes for beta-glucosidase, amylase and polygalacturonate trans-eliminase from Klebsiella oxytoca and their expression in a range of Gram-negative bacteria. Curr. Microbiol. 17: 69– 75.
212. Weitz, H. J.,, J. M. Ritchie,, D. A. Bailey,, A. M. Horsburgh,, K. Killham,, and L. A. Glover. 2001. Construction of a modified mini-Tn 5 luxCDABE transposon for the development of bacterial biosensors for ecotoxicity testing. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 197: 159– 165.
213. Whittle, G.,, and A. A. Salyers,. 2002. Bacterial transposons: an increasingly diverse group of elements, p. 387– 427. In U. N. Streips, and R. E. Yasbin (ed.), Modern Microbial Genetics, 2nd ed. Wiley- Liss, New York, NY.
214. Wilson, K. J.,, A. Sessitch,, J. C. Corbo,, K. E. Giller,, A. D. L. Akkermans,, and R. A. Jefferson. 1995. ?- Glucuronidase (GUS) transposons for ecological and genetic studies of rhizobia and other Gram-negative bacteria. Microbiology 141: 1691– 1705.
215. Winterberg, K. M.,, J. Luecke,, A. S. Bruegl,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 2005. Phenotypic screening of Escherichia coli K-12 Tn 5 insertion libraries, using whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 451– 459.
216. Wolk, C. P.,, Y. Cai,, and J.-M. Panoff. 1991. Use of a transposon with luciferase as a reporter to identify environmentally responsive genes in a cyanobacterium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 5355– 5359.
217. Wong, K. K.,, and M. McClelland. 1992. Dissection of the Salmonella typhimurium genome by use of a Tn 5 derivative carrying rare restriction sites. J. Bacteriol. 174: 3807– 3811.
218. Xi, C.,, G. Dirix,, J. Hofkens,, F. C. D. Schryver,, J. Vanderleyden,, and J. Michiels. 2001. Use of dual marker transposons to identify new symbiosis genes in Rhizobium. Microb. Ecol. 41: 325– 332.
219. Xi, C.,, M. Lambrecht,, J. Vanderleyden,, and J. Michiels. 1999. Bi-functional gfp- and gusA-containing mini-Tn 5 transposon derivatives for combined gene expression and bacterial localization studies. J. Microbiol. Methods 35: 85– 92.
220. Yakobson, E. A.,, and D. G. Guiney. 1984. Conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes mediated by the RK2 plasmid transfer origin cloned into transposon Tn 5. J. Bacteriol. 160: 451– 453.
221. York, D.,, K. Welch,, I. Y. Goryshin,, and W. S. Reznikoff. 1998. Simple and efficient generation in vitro of nested deletions and inversions: Tn 5 intramolecular transposition. Nucleic Acids Res. 26: 1927– 1933.
222. Youngman, P., 1990. Use of transposons and integrational vectors for mutagenesis and construction of gene fusions in Bacillus species, p. 221– 266. In C. R. Harwood, and S. M. Cutting (ed.), Molecular Biological Methods for Bacillus. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England.
223. Zimmerly, S.,, G. Hausner,, and X.-C. Wu. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among group II intron ORFs. Nucleic Acids Res. 29: 1238– 1250.
224. Zsebo, K. M.,, F. Wu,, and J. E. Hearst. 1984. Tn 5.7 construction and physical mapping of pRPS404 containing photosynthetic genes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Plasmid 11: 182– 184.
225. Zuber, U.,, and W. Schumann. 1991. Tn 5cos: a transposon for restriction mapping of large plasmids using phage lambda terminase. Gene 103: 69– 72.
a Abbreviations used for resistance phenotypes are as follows: Ap, ampicillin; Km, kanamycin; Nm, neomycin; Bm, bleomycin; Sm, streptomycin; Tp, trimethoprim; Sp, spectinomycin; Cm, chloramphenicol; Tc, tetracycline. Bmr and Smr phenotypes associated with Tn5 are expressed only in certain nonenteric bacteria.
a Amy+, ability to degrade starch.
b Bgl+, ability to ferment cellobiose.
c tox, delta endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
d ars, gene for resistance to arsenite; vector designated pUT/Ars by Herrero et al. ( 95 ).
e bar, gene for resistance to the herbicide bialaphos; vector designated pUT/PTT by Herrero et al. ( 95 ).
f mer, gene for resistance to mercuric salts and organomercurial compounds; vector designated pUT/Hg by Herrero et al. ( 95 ).

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.