Source: http://wi.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.20180330_0000488.WWI.htm/qx
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 08:18:42+00:00

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DAN LEPKE TRUCKING LLC and LEPKE TRUCKING & EXCAVATING LLC, Defendants.
(3) drivers who worked more than 40 hours in a workweek regardless whether they worked across state lines during the four months preceding that workweek.
The court concludes that class certification is not appropriate in this case because plaintiffs have failed to show that their proposed class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable. Accordingly, the court will deny plaintiffs' motion for class certification of the state law claims and give plaintiffs an opportunity to join more employees as plaintiffs.
Rule 23 lists several prerequisites to class certification, but in this case, the first prerequisite is dispositive: “the class [must be] so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a)(1). In their opening brief, plaintiffs say that they have identified approximately 30 employees who may fall within at least one of the three proposed classes, but they say that there may be more. In their opposition brief, defendants say that the upper limit is 47 current and former employees. Although plaintiffs say in their reply brief that the number could be higher, they do not cite any evidence to support that view.
Defendants say that the upper limit they have identified is deceiving because 30 of those 47 employees have already filed notices with the court expressing their intent to opt out of the class. Dkts. 135-64. Excluding those employees would leave only 17 potential class members, including the four named plaintiffs.
Plaintiffs do not contend that it would be impracticable to join 13 more employees, two of whom have already opted in to the FLSA collective. James Wm. Moore, 5 Moore's Federal Practice § 23.22[b] (3d ed.) (“Many courts have found that classes numbering fewer than 21 fail to meet the numerosity requirement.”); Wright & Miller, 7A Federal Practice and Procedure § 1762 (3d ed.) (“Although there is no definite standard as to what size class satisfies Rule 23(a)(1), . . . [c]lasses containing [between two and 26] members have been held to be too small to allow an action to be maintained under Rule 23.”). See also Pruitt v. City of Chicago, Illinois, 472 F.3d 925, 926-27 (7th Cir. 2006) (affirming decision in employee discrimination case in which district court denied class certification on ground that plaintiffs failed to show that joining 40 plaintiffs would be impracticable). Thus, the key question is whether it is appropriate to disregard the notices filed by the 30 employees.
This court has already concluded that it is appropriate to consider potential interest in the lawsuit when considering whether to certify a class and has considered statements from potential class members expressing their opposition to the case. De Leon v. Grade A Constr., Inc., No. 16-cv-348-jdp, 2017 WL 6375821, at *2 (W.D. Wis. Dec. 13, 2017). See also Franklin Container Corp. v. Int'l Paper Co., No. 77-3204, 1982 WL 1958, at *2 (E.D. Pa. May 12, 1982) (“Given the overwhelming lack of interest in this litigation shown by members of the potential class, I believe plaintiffs have failed to establish that the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable.”). In this case, not only have most of the potential class members expressed their intent to opt out, but only two additional employees joined the FLSA collective after receiving notice of the lawsuit in early 2016, Dkt. 33 and Dkt. 103, further indicating that the number of class members is likely to be low. When there is strong evidence that it will be feasible to individually join all those who actually wish to assert a claim, it makes sense from an efficiency standpoint to consider that evidence before granting class certification rather than wait for a motion to decertify. E.g., Ricard v. KBK Servs., Inc., No. 15-cv-299-jdp, 2016 WL 4691608, at *1 (W.D. Wis. Sept. 7, 2016) (reconsidering certification as result of “low interest levels in the case”); Wright & Miller, supra, § 1762 (“[E]vents subsequent to the institution of the action, such as intervention or widespread opting out by members of a Rule 23(b)(3) class, may make joinder practicable and lead to a re-evaluation of the propriety of class-action treatment.”).
Plaintiffs resist this conclusion on some of the same grounds as the plaintiffs in De Leon and those grounds are unpersuasive for the same reasons. First, plaintiffs say that defendants might have coerced the 30 employees into signing a statement. Plaintiffs do not discuss the small number of employees who chose to opt in to the collective action, but presumably plaintiffs would also explain that as a product of coercion or fear of retaliation. As the court noted in De Leon, there is a potential for coercion or retaliation in any case in which the defendant has some control over the potential class member and courts should be sensitive to that issue. But that doesn't mean that a court may simply assume that an employee is acting under duress. In this case, plaintiffs cite no evidence that defendants have coerced any of their employees or retaliated against those participating in this suit. In fact, some of the individuals opposing the lawsuit are former employees and plaintiffs do not identify any sway that defendants would have over them. Plaintiffs must support their class certification motion with more than speculation. Marcial v. Coronet Ins. Co., 880 F.2d 954, 957 (7th Cir. 1989).
Plaintiffs also fail to explain how certifying the class would address their concerns about undue influence. If an employee is willing to go on the record as opposing the lawsuit, it seems unlikely that he or she would turn around and decide to join the class a few weeks or months later, regardless of the reason for the initial opposition.

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