Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol6/pp103-107
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 00:16:25+00:00

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It was the steepness of the road, rather than the tolls or the negligible saving in distance, (fn. 16) which led in 1809 to a project for a tunnel from Upper Holloway through which traffic would be diverted east and north of Highgate. Work by the Archway Road Co. was authorized in 1810 (fn. 17) and after the collapse of the tunnel in 1812 the company built Archway Road in a deep cutting in 1813. Hornsey Lane crossed it on a bridge 36 ft. high and the old route was rejoined at the Wellington inn. (fn. 18) Although tolls were more expensive than on the old road, (fn. 19) Archway Road was regarded as the only tolerable route northward. (fn. 20) It was little used by natives of Hornsey, Finchley, and Friern Barnet, who outnumbered all other users of Highgate Hill in 1846, doubtless because they were exempt from toll. (fn. 21) The tolls on Archway Road were unpopular (fn. 22) and in 1865 were possibly a deterrent to traffic. (fn. 23) Tolls on both roads were abolished in 1876 (fn. 24) and by 1884 use of Archway Road had increased enormously. (fn. 25) The Archway itself, railed from 1885 to deter suicides, (fn. 26) was replaced by a wider iron bridge on which work began in 1897 and which was officially opened in 1900. (fn. 27) Traffic in Archway Road increased steadily and from the 1920s there were various schemes, which aroused widespread local opposition and resulted in a major widening in the early 1970s. (fn. 28) Further works were the subject of an inquiry involving much controversy in 1977, (fn. 29) when rush-hour conditions were very bad and many frontages along Archway Road were decaying.
In 1832 Seven Sisters turnpike road was built from Islington in a north-easterly direction across Stroud Green Road and Green Lanes; (fn. 48) it replaced Wood Lane c. 1866. (fn. 49) Some of the new streets built in the 19th century were important lines of communication: Endymion Road, built c. 1875 under the Finsbury Park Act of 1857, connected Stroud Green and Green Lanes north of Finsbury Park; (fn. 50) Ferme Park Road, c. 1885, joined Tottenham Lane and Stroud Green; (fn. 51) Shepherd's Hill and Wolseley roads were built by 1886 between Highgate and Crouch End; (fn. 52) Wood Lane, Highgate, was extended as Queenswood Road through Queen's wood to Park Road after 1896, and Wightman Road of c. 1885, parallel to Green Lanes, was intended as a major thoroughfare between Endymion Road and Turnpike Lane. (fn. 53) The northern tip of Hornsey touches the North Circular Road (1929). Within the parish communication is impeded by the railways, even those that are no longer in use; there is only one road-bridge over the main line between Stroud Green Road and Turnpike Lane.
Green Lanes in 1577 crossed Stroud Green brook by Stone, White, or Maiden bridge, (fn. 74) and the road between Crouch End and Muswell Hill crossed the Moselle in 1668 by two footbridges and two cart-bridges. (fn. 75) Under the Great North Road, Mutton brook was culverted by 1826, when the Moselle also ran through culverts.
In 1838-9 two omnibuses and a short-stage coach from Highgate and three omnibuses from Hornsey ran to the City daily. (fn. 80) By 1845 there was a regular service of nine omnibuses, the first leaving Highgate at 8.30 a.m. (fn. 81) Watkin's omnibuses conveyed people daily to their offices c. 1862, (fn. 82) by which date the Archway taven at the foot of Highgate Hill had become the terminus for omnibuses from several parts of London. (fn. 83) In Southwood Lane in the 1870s Mary Kingsley observed palefaced men with black bags passing morning and evening on their way to and from the City. (fn. 84) Hornsey village was served in 1845 by Baker's omnibuses and by Wilson's from Muswell Hill. (fn. 85) None the less the recommended way from London to Muswell Hill in 1846 was by the Finchley stage or omnibus and thence by cab. (fn. 86) Travellers from Fortis Green still depended on the Barnet mail omnibus along Finchley High Road in 1856. (fn. 87) In the 1840s the relatively few residents of Muswell Hill who worked daily in the City still travelled by four-horse carriage. (fn. 88) In the period 1851-5 the only omnibus between Hornsey and the City was that of Vass and Rogers, later of Rogers alone. (fn. 89) By 1862 it was no longer running owing to competition from the trains, although Wilson's omnibuses provided a ten-minute service from the Hanley Arms, Hornsey Road, Islington, until 1870 (fn. 90) and others were running by 1874 from the Duke of St. Albans, Highgate Rise, (fn. 91) also just south of the parish.
Under an Act of 1862 the Edgware, Highgate & London Railway Co., part of the G.N.R. from 1866, (fn. 102) opened a line from Finsbury Park to East Finchley, with stations at Crouch End and Highgate, in 1867. (fn. 103) Stroud Green station was opened in Stapleton Hall Road in 1881. (fn. 104) A branch line linked Highgate and the Alexandra Palace in 1873, was closed after the destruction of the palace in the same year, reopened in 1875 with a new station at Muswell Hill, and closed for varying periods on several occasions up to 1952. Cranley Gardens station, on the corner of Woodside Avenue and Muswell Hill Road, was opened in 1902. (fn. 105) In 1954 the whole of the line from Finsbury Park to Highgate and beyond was closed to passenger traffic; freight services continued to Muswell Hill until 1956 and to Highgate and Finchley until 1964, the track to the Alexandra Palace being taken up in 1958 and to Highgate in 1970.
1. Norden, Spec. Brit. 15, 22.
2. Medieval Rec. of Harringay alias Hornsey, ed. S. J. Madge (1939), 65, 68.
3. Cal. Pat. 1350-4, 538; see also Norden, Spec. Brit. 21. A gateway was mentioned in 1365: Cal. Pat. 1364-7, 180.
5. Cal. Pat. 1361-4, 409; 1374-7, 476; 1364-7, 180.
9. St. Paul's MS. C (Sampson), f. 375.
10. Guildhall MS. 10312/92, m. 7.
12. Lysons, Environs (Suppl.), 200; see below, p. 128.
13. e.g. in 1751: Guildhall MS. 10243, p. 121.
14. Home Cnties. Mag. v. 197.
16. See below; The Times, 9 Aug. 1810; Brewer, Beauties of Eng. & Wales, x (5), 223.
17. 50 Geo. III, c. 88 (Local Act).
18. Brewer, Beauties of Eng. & Wales, x (5), 222-3.
19. The Times, 9 Aug. 1813; Met. Bd. of Wks. Mins. of Proc. (1865), i. 340; Guildhall MS. 123701.
20. Met. Bd. of Wks. Mins. of Proc. (1865), i. 340.
22. e.g. The Times, 19 Nov. 1822, 9 Oct. 1866.
23. Met. Bd. of Wks. Mins. of Proc. (1865), i. 340.
24. The Times, 29 Apr. 1876.
25. Ibid. 8 Oct. 1884.
26. Ibid. 3 Nov. 1885.
27. M.R.O., Hist. Notes 10/D2; ex inf. Mr. H. V. Borley.
28. M. F. Collins and T. M. Pharaoh, Transport Organisation in a Great City (1974), 266-74; review in Hornsey Hist. Soc. Bull. ix (Dec. 1975).
29. The Times, 20 Apr. 1977.
30. D. O. Pam, Stamford Hill, Green Lanes Turnpike Trust (Edmonton Hund. Hist. Soc. N.S. ii), 20; M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/C1/1, ff. 139-40v., 150.
31. Guildhall MS., Church Com. 156978.
33. Norden, Spec. Brit. 15; Lysons, Environs, iii. 60; Marchams, Ct. Rolls, 77.
34. Lysons, Environs, iii. 60.
35. Photos. of watercolours in Stoke Newington ref. libr.
36. C 146/7069; Guildhall MS. 10465/168, 54-5.
37. Pub. Wks. in Medieval Law, ii (Selden Soc. xl), 38; Guildhall MS. 10465/129.
38. Marchams, Ct. Rolls, 10; Guildhall MS. 12380.
40. J. Rocque, Map of Mdx. (1754).
41. Marchams, Ct. Rolls, 8.
43. C 146/7069; Guildhall MS. 10465/123.
44. St. Paul's MS. C (II Nowell), f. 11; see also Rocque, Map of Mdx.
45. Marchams, Ct. Rolls, 30 n.
46. St. Paul's MSS. C (Sampson), ff. 100-1; (I Nowell), f. 129; (II Nowell), ff. 9v.-11, 151.
47. Bruce Castle Mus., D/PH/2A/1.
48. V.C.H. Mdx. v. 311.
50. 20 & 21 Vic. c. 150; 37 & 38 Vic. c. 97; 38 & 39 Vic. c. 179 (Local Acts).
51. Kelly's Dir. Hornsey (1886).
52. Ibid.; P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1882).
54. Norden, Spec. Brit. 15.
55. Guildhall MS. 9171/5, ff. 91, 309.
56. Ibid. 9171/2, f. 17; Cat. Anct. D. iii, C 3585.
57. Guildhall MSS. 9171/2, ff. 156v., 201v.; 3, ff. 80v., 190, 223v.
58. Cal. Mdx. Sess. Bks. 1644-52, 10; 1679-82, 24, 68, 75, 89; 1686-9, 2, 14, 82, 96; 1736-8, 30; D.R.O. 20/C1/1, f. 38.
59. M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/C1/1, ff. 179-80v.
60. Marchams, Ct. Rolls, 84.
63. Bruce Castle Mus., D/PH/4A/2, pp. 267 sqq.
65. Norden, Spec. Brit. 15.
66. M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/C1/1, f. 29; Cal. Mdx. Sess. Bks. 1736-8, 30.
67. M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/C1/1, f. 169v.
68. Pub. Wks. in Med. Law, ii. 38; K.B. 9/177/31.
69. M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/C1/3; for its state see ibid. 20/H/1; 20/F3/1.
70. Bruce Castle Mus., D/PH/2B/21.
72. M.R.O., D.R.O. 20/H/1, pp. 89-91.
73. Shoreditch libr., HOR/2, pp. 226-8, 317, 334-5.
74. St. Paul's MS. C (II Nowell), ff. 9v.-11. The rest of the para. is based on Rep. on Bridges in Mdx. and M.R.O., MR/DE Hornsey.
76. Home Cnties. Mag. v. 197.
77. J. Hassell, Picturesque Rides and Walks (1817), i. 37, 195.
78. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 391.
79. Pigot's Com. Dir. (1834).
80. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 398.
81. P.O. Dir. Six Home Cnties. (1845).
82. P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1862); The Times, 15 Sept. 1934.
83. P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1862).
84. Draper, Literary Assocs. of Hornsey, 18.
85. P.O. Dir. Six Home Cnties. (1845).
86. Draper, Muswell Hill, 17.
87. Nat. Freehold Land Soc. Freeholders' Circular, Mar. 1856.
88. Draper, Muswell Hill, 16.
89. P.O. Dir. Six Home Cnties. (1851, 1855).
90. Ibid.; P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1862-70).
91. P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1874).
92. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 47; G. H. Grinling, Hist. of Gt. Northern Rly. (1966), 90, 124.
93. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 129.
94. M.R.O., Acc. 804; Hornsey Hist. Soc. Bull. v (1974).
95. Wonderful Lond. ed. A. St. J. Adcock [1926-7], 524.
96. R. O. Sherington, Story of Hornsey (1904), 32.
97. Ex inf. Mr. H. V. Borley.
99. A. Bennett, Hilda Lessways (1911), 139.
100. Sherington, Story of Hornsey, 38.
101. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 215.
103. Except where otherwise stated, the para. is based on Railway World, xxviii (1967), 374-8, and information from G.N.R. and Brit. Rail rec. supplied by Mr. H. V. Borley.
104. Sherington, Story of Hornsey, 38.
105. Ibid. 37; Grinling, G.N.R. 455.
106. Hist. Lond. Transport, i. 130-1, 349.
107. Finsbury Pk. Weathercock, 26 Jan., 27 Apr. 1877.
108. V.C.H. Mdx. v. 312.
109. C. E. Lee, 60 Yrs. of the Northern (1968), 10.
110. C. E. Lee, 60 Yrs. of the Piccadilly (1966), passim.
111. Hist. Lond. Transport, ii. 347.
112. Lee, 60 Yrs. of the Northern, passim; see also Railway World, xxviii. 374-8.
113. A. Aris, 'Urban development in Hornsey in the latter half of the 19th century', 15 (TS. in Bruce Castle Mus.).
114. V.C.H. Mdx. v. 312.
115. Boro. of Hornsey, 1903-53, ed. F. N. McDonald and W. B. Stevenson (1953), 9.
116. P.O. Dir. Mdx. (1873, 1882).
117. Hornsey Boro. 1903-53, 8.
118. The Times, 11 Sept. 1884.
119. Aris, 'Urban devel. in Hornsey', 16.
120. Bruce Castle Mus., Hornsey Boro. Min. Bk. 1906-7, 408; ex inf. Mr. H. V. Borley. See above, p. 9.
121. Hornsey Boro. 1903-53, 8.
123. Stoke Newington M. B. Official Guide ; Hornsey Boro. Official Guide [1961, 1963].
124. Hornsey Boro. 1903-53, 9.
125. Hornsey Boro. Official Guide .

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