Source: https://www.lawyer-moldova.com/2013/06/
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 05:44:45+00:00

Document:
A wide variety of stakeholders and international representatives met in the Republic of Moldova on the 17 June to discuss progress towards the implementation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel.
The technical discussion aimed to promote debate on effective policy options to strengthen the national health workforce and health systems and to foster commitment of all national stakeholders to implement the Code in the country. The Global Code aims to strengthen health systems by establishing and promoting voluntary principals and practices for an ethical international recruitment of health personnel.
Bilateral agreements should be signed between Republic of Moldova and the countries the health care workers are going to, concerning recognition of qualifications, technical assistance, circular migration, etc.
Representatives from the Norwegian Directorate for Health, WEMOS Foundation from the Netherlands and an EU-funded project from Italy shared the experiences of those countries in implementing, reporting and monitoring the Code.
The meeting was part of the biennial collaborative agreement (BCA) 2012–2013 between the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Moldova and WHO/Europe. The technical discussion and the ongoing process of strengthening the capacity of the Republic of Moldova to manage the migration of Moldovan health professionals are related to the EU-funded project “Better Managing the Mobility of Health Professionals in the Republic of Moldova”.
“Article 2 – A stateless person is a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law”.
Article III – In Article 1 of Law on Citizenship of the Republic of Moldova no. 1024-XIV of 2 June 2000 (republished in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Moldova, special edition of 9 December 2005) with subsequent amendments, the notion of “stateless person” shall have the following wording: “stateless person - a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law;”.
2. In article 38, paragraph (1) after the words “the right of residence in the Republic of Moldova”, the text “or to the foreigners whose stateless status has been recognized” shall be added.
3. In article 51, after the words “whose right of permanent residence has ceased”, the following text will be added “, whose application for the recognition of stateless status has been rejected, the procedure has been terminated or stateless status has been cancelled”.
6. Article 72, paragraph (1): in the introductory part, after the words “stay in the Republic of Moldova” the text “or whose stateless status has been recognized” shall be added. in letter c) after the words “in the Republic of Moldova” the text “or whose stateless status has been recognized” shall be added.
(1) The procedure for recognizing stateless status may be initiated ex officio by the competent authority for foreigners, or upon the request of the person who claims that he/she does not hold any citizenship.
(2) The application for the recognition of stateless status may be submitted in writing or verbally to the competent authority for foreigners.
(3) The application for the recognition of stateless status submitted in writing shall be signed by the applicant personally. If the applicant is illiterate, this fact shall be recorded in a report upon the submission of a verbal application.
(4) If the applicant does not speak the state language, he/she shall be provided with an interpreter who speaks his/her mother tongue or another language understood by the applicant.
(5) The application should also contain a clear and detailed description of the facts, information and proofs necessary to substantiate his/her claim and, in particular, it shall mention the place of birth, kinship with other persons who hold citizenships, the place of habitual residence in any other state and the duration thereof.
(6) If the person is not able to submit any document for reasons which do not depend on him/her, the competent authority for foreigners shall issue a decision of recognition or non-recognition stateless status based on the available documented information.
(7) Upon submission of the application, the responsible staff of the competent authority for foreigners shall inform verbally the applicant of his/her rights and obligations during the procedure.
(1) The application for the recognition of stateless status shall be examined by the competent authority for foreigners within a period of six months from the date of the registration of the application. Depending on the complexity of the case, the examination term may be extended by subsequent periods of one month each which, however, shall not exceed the total of six months.
(2) During the examination of the application, the competent authority for foreigners shall undertake necessary steps to collect information from the applicant’s place of birth, place of residence or former domicile, and shall also request information from the state of which his/her family members and parents are nationals.
(1) The applicant has a right to stay on the territory of the Republic of Moldova during the examination of his/her claim may be removed from the territory only for reasons of national security and public order.
(2) The competent authority for foreigners shall issue the applicant a document confirming his/her status (confirmation certificate) for the whole period of the examination of his/her application.
(3) For verbal or written communication the applicant may use his/her mother tongue or any other language which he/she speaks.
d) observe the legislation of the Republic of Moldova.
(1) Within 15 working days following the submission of an application, the competent authority for foreigners shall conduct an interview with the applicant.
4) Unaccompanied minors shall be assisted during the interview by a representative of the institution in which he/she had been placed, appointed by the administration of that institution, while in the case of accompanied minors, by one of his/her parents or by a representative authorized by law or legal document.
(5) Persons with mental disorders (mental illnesses or mental deficiencies), declared incapacitated or with limited capacity, shall be accompanied during the interview by a guardian in accordance with the legislation in force.
(6) The interview note shall be signed by the applicant, official who conducted the interview, translator, if he/she took part in the interview; in the case of an unaccompanied minor the interview note shall be also signed by the appointed representative, whereas in the case of a person with mental disorders declared incapacitated or with limited capacity – by his/her guardian.
(1) During the examination of the application, the applicant may present proofs or any other additional information in order to substantiate his/her claim.
(2) Public documents issued by the authorities of other states are accepted by the competent authority for foreigners as facts with probative force.
(3) With a view to obtaining documents necessary for substantiating the application, the competent authority for foreigners shall contact state authorities, diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Moldova accredited abroad.
c) when the applicant does not present himself/herself for the interview despite repeated written notifications.
Article 877. Decision of Recognition of Stateless Status (1) The competent authority for foreigners shall issue a decision of recognition or rejection of the application for the recognition of stateless status based on all available information and proofs.
(2) The applicant shall be informed about the decision of his recognition as a stateless person, by direct communication, within 3 working days from its issuance.
(3) The foreigner whose stateless status has been recognized shall be issued the identity documents provided for in Article 72, paragraph (1) letter c) of this law and shall also enjoy all the rights, freedoms and obligations stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova and Law no. 275-XIII of 10 November 1994 on the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless persons in the Republic of Moldova.
(4) The case of an unaccompanied minor whose stateless status has been recognized shall be referred to the guardianship authority where the minor is currently present with a view to ensuring that his/her legal rights and interests are observed.
e) the applicant holds the citizenship of the Republic of Moldova or that of another state.
(2) The reasoned decision of rejection of an application for stateless status shall be communicated to the applicant in writing within 3 working days from the date of issuance. The decision may be appealed against to a court of law in accordance with the legislation in force.
(1) The competent authority for foreigners may cancel, by issuing a reasoned decision, a stateless status, granted under the provisions of this law, if it has been established that some documents or proofs which were decisive for the recognition are false and there are no other reasons for maintaining the stateless status.
(2) A stateless status may be cancelled if there are serious reasons to consider that the beneficiary thereof falls under the conditions stipulated in article 878, paragraph (1) letters.
(3) The decision of cancellation of a stateless status shall be communicated to the beneficiary in writing within 3 working days from the date of issuance. The decision may be appealed against to a court of law in accordance with the legislation in force.
(1) A stateless status shall cease automatically when the stateless person has acquired the citizenship of the Republic of Moldova or that of another state.
(2) The stateless person shall inform the competent authority for foreigners within 30 days about the fact of acquisition of the citizenship of the Republic of Moldova or that of another state.
(1) The Republic of Moldova cooperates with other states and international organizations with a view to finding solutions to statelessness issues.
Chişinău, 28 December 2011. No. 284.
Violence in schools is a topic that is present in public life. Mass media frequently broadcast incidents related to this phenomenon. Such acts, committed against children in school, do not fall within the definition of education, which involves an organized process of instruction and education by means of which the person reaches a certain level of physical, mental and spiritual training set by the state, and obtains the corresponding certificate. Education shall be directed to develop the child's personality and talents, to prepare the child for his active life as an adult, to foster respect for fundamental human rights and for personal, national and of others’ cultural values.
These acts are also condemned by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which states that no child shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his or her privacy, family, home or correspondence, or to any unlawful attacks on his or her honour and reputation. The child is entitled to protection of the law against such interference or attacks.The ombudsman examined a case of psychological violence exercised by the teacher on the pupil. Given the extent of the conflict, which was not resolved by the competent local authorities, the ombudsman conducted an investigation on the site. During the investigation it was found that by the teacher‘s behaviour, the constitutional right of children to physical and mental integrity was violated. It was also established that the solution of the conflict was not possible largely due to lack of mechanisms stipulated in Article 43, paragraph (7) of the Law on Education No. 547-XIII of July 21, 1995. For the same reason, the child-victim was not offered necessary assistance for rehabilitation care, as required by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Being alarmed by the given state of affairs, the ombudsman initiated a nationwide study, which aimed to determine to what extent the legal rule stipulated in Article 43, paragraph (7) of the Law on Education is applied.
Another aspect highlighted by the study shows that these services are poorly developed. The table below shows that the services, which are less developed, are the psychological service and the methodological-psycho-pedagogical centres, which operate in only three territorial- administrative units.
The reasons why the methodological offices/centres do not operate in the territorial-administrative units Nisporeni, Floresti, and Falesti is the lack of space and sufficient financial resources for the creation, development, maintenance of premises and staff wages. The methodological-psycho-pedagogical centres do not function because of: lack of financial resources (in 7 territorial-administrative units), the service is not planned in the structure of the Directorate on Education (in 7 territorial-administrative units), the lack of specialists (in 4 territorial-administrative units), lack of offices (in 3 territorial-administrative units). Although the Law on Education stipulates that "psychological services operate in each district centre, city (municipality)”, Government Decision No. 1380 of October 29, 2002, by which the Regulations-framework of the General County Directorate is approved and in which the structure and the duties of similar services are described, psychological services are not provided.
The medical-psycho-pedagogical commissions function in the vast majority of territorial-administrative units, except Basarabeasca district, where such services do not function because of lack of funds to pay the members of the commission.
The situation reflected in the findings of the study correlates directly with the total number of registered cases of violence in schools over the past three years. The data for the years 2009-2010-2011 provided by the district Directorates on Education, Youth, and Sport show a steady increase from year to year in the given period. The annexed chart shows that the vast majority of reported cases are also confirmed as a rule; the proportion of cases that are not confirmed is insignificant. However, violence in schools does not necessarily manifest itself in the teacher/pupil relationship, as we are willing to believe at first sight, but also in pupil/pupil relations or pupil/teacher relations, that is why the request solicited also information on the structure of the cases depending on the type of relation of the reported case. Data analysis shows a continuous increase of cases of violence in all types of relationships. Violence in pupil/pupil relationship has a significant share in relation to other types of violence. At the same time, the number of cases of pupil/teacher relationship violence exceeds the number of cases of violence of teacher/pupil relationship. Even if the difference is insignificant, it is, at least, an unexpected trend.
The ombudsman believes that the Law on Education is a determinant act in ensuring the right to education, but also through the mechanisms stipulated in Article 43, paragraph (7) which shall provide the children’s physical and psychological integrity throughout the educational process. It should develop the child's personality and talents, reason for which it is important to provide a favourable psychological climate for the child.
It is regretful, but as long as the law will be found only on paper and the officials will find themselves in the situation to face lack of support on behalf of specialized local and central authorities to set up mechanisms meant to ensure their actual operability, one fact remains certain, the phenomenon of violence in schools is increasing. The results of this situation need not be proven; they are outlined in the statistics presented above. In this context, the functioning of the mechanisms stipulated in the Law on Education should be approached at the level of supreme bodies of state power to ensure the child’s maximum potential, because the children themselves do not require observance of their rights, as do other social categories. It is the state’s duty to find special leverage for their protection.
The Green Line "Child Phone Line" functions under the aegis of the Centre for Human Rights in Moldova. One call, which was registered, informed the ombudsman about a case of TB infection of 15 pupils, out of a total number of 52, at the gymnasium from the village Briceni, Donduseni district. According to the information, the administration of the gymnasium knew that an employee of the gymnasium was infected with TB in open form, but did not take measures to protect the children.
According to Article 21 of the Law on Government no. 64 of May 31, 1990, the ministries are central state bodies, which, pursuant to the laws of the Republic, enforce the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Moldova, the Government policies, its decisions and orders within the areas of competence of the entrusted domains and are responsible for their functioning.
According to section 8, paragraph (5), and (6) of the Regulation on the organization and functioning of the Ministry of Education, approved by Government Decision no. 653 of November 6, 2009, the Ministry of Education "coordinates the development of state educational standards, approves, monitors and ensures their implementation in educational institutions; coordinates and monitors the teaching, the didactic-methodological and the educational activity of the educational institutions, regardless of their subordination.” Also according to section 9, paragraph (45), the Ministry examines the interpellations, the requests and petitions received in its address. Pursuant to the above, the ombudsman asked the Ministry of Education to carry out a control and to determine the persons responsible for the spread of the epidemic disease and to apply disciplinary sanctions to the persons, who have demonstrated negligence in their work. The ombudsman submitted a similar notification to the Prosecutor’s Office.
Having examined the case, the Ministry of Education informed the ombudsman that on the employment date the TB diagnosis did not appear in the medical records of the infected employee, which made acceptable the hiring of the person as the guard of the gymnasium. The Director of the gymnasium got a disciplinary sanction by the Order of the Department on Education.
(1) The purpose of this Law is to protect legal rights and interests of members of savings and credit associations.
(2) The object of this Law is regulation of relations established as a result of exercising the right of persons of free association through establishment of savings and credit associations.
(1) This law applies to savings and credit associations.
(2) The Laws and normative acts regulating the activity of financial institutions and public associations do not apply to savings and credit associations.
d) Supervisory authority – public authority exercising regulation and supervision of associations, including central associations, in accordance with legislation.
(1) The association has the purpose of supporting the legal activities of its members aiming at improving their economic and social status by providing services as detailed in art. 7.
e) minimization of risks of the association.
(3) The minimum number of members in the association is 50 persons.
(4) The association is constituted for an unlimited period of time, if its bylaws doesn’t provide otherwise.
(5) The annual profit of the association, if any, is directed firstly to compliance with the institutional capital requirement, established according to art. 33, and then to reserves of the association according to this law, regulations of the supervisory authority and the bylaws of the association.
(1) The full name of the Association will obligatorily include the words “Savings and Credit Association”, or the abbreviation “SCA”.
(2) The headquarters is the place where the administrative bodies of the association are operating.
(2) The control body of the association is the censors committee.
e) other services, with the written agreement of supervisory authority.
(2) An association can invest its financial means not used in loans in accordance with the investment policy approved by the Board. At the same time, investments in capital or other securities of a financial institutions supervised by the supervisory authority or the National Bank of Moldova, except financial derivatives, are allowed only to associations with license B and C and central associations and only with the written approval of the supervisory authority.
(3) While fulfilling the activities established in paragraph (1), and (2) the association is obliged to observe the requirements and limits established by the supervisory authority.
(4) An association does not have the right to provide for other financial services or other kinds of services, to be in non-compliance with the licensing requirements, as well to perform commercial and production activities, other than those mentioned in the license held and that directly implied by them.
(1) The supervisory authority establishes prudential norms, which are applied to all licensed associations in order to protect the interests of members, prevent, control and manage risks within associations and the whole system.
e) contributing and maintaining the minimum level of investments and contributions in the liquidity pool and, respectively, stabilization fund.
(3) All loan granting and deposit accepting operations shall be documented in writing based on respective contracts that shall reflect clearly values, terms, interest rates and other necessary provisions, according to the law and respective policies of the association.
(4) Administrative and control bodies of an association and central association are obligated to notify without delay the supervisory authority about any infringement of prudential norms.
e) may be plaintiff and culprit in a court of law.
e) to execute the normative acts of the supervisory authority, including implementation of stabilization measures.
e) to issue securities and financial derivatives.
(1) The Association is liable with its entire property.
(2) Members of Association are not liable for the Association’s liabilities and the Association is not held liable for liabilities of its members.
(1) The administrator of the association must correspond to the requirements established in the normative acts of the supervisory authority regarding qualification, experience, education, business reputation, bonds with relatives etc.
(2) The Administrator must be a member of the association, except the executive director, chief-accountant and chief of the branch who may not be members of the association.
h) a person who is a debtor with a delinquent loan for more that 90 days.
(4) The administrators of the association that adopted joint decisions that damage the interests of the association are liable towards the association with their joint patrimony in the amount of the damage caused.
(1) The association should avoid conflict of interests throughout its activity.
(2) In case of occurrence of a conflict of interests, the association will settle it in accordance with the Civil Code.
(1) The present and former administrators and other employees of the association are obliged to keep confidential the information they were acquainted with in the process of executing their functions, not to use them for personal or third parties’ interests and not to allow third parties to have access to this information, except disclosures made according to par. (2).
(2) Confidential information is disclosed to the supervisory authority and external administrators, investigating, judicial, and control bodies.
(3) The board will approve the list of confidential information and documents and the way and level of access to them.
l) other documents indicated in normative acts, bylaws and internal regulations.
c) documents from letter l) - in terms and procedure provided by those documents.
(3) The association insures access to the mentioned documents to the supervisory authority and other authorities of the public administration empowered in accordance with the legislation.
(1) The branches and representations of the association are registered according to the procedure and conditions established by legislation on state registration of enterprises and organizations.
(2) The association can create branches and representations on the territory of Republic of Moldova only by complying with the provisions of art. 29.
c) have paid the membership fee in accordance with the bylaws of the association.
(2) An applicant will be considered member of an association on the date the board makes the decision of accepting the member and upon paying the membership fee.
c) other documents established by the bylaws.
(2) The application for membership in the association is submitted to the headquarters of the association. The application will be considered by the board at their next meeting and the board will make a decision regarding the acceptance or rejection to be accepted in the association.
(2) Members of the association also have other rights foreseen by the legislation and the bylaws of the association.
(3) The violation of members’ rights can be appealed in the administrative bodies of the association, at supervisory authority, or court of law.
c) not to perform any action that might cause damage to the association.
(1) The amount of the membership fee is established by the general assembly.
(2) The members of the association are not reimbursed the membership fee.
d) other assets of the member, based on the decision of the arbitrage or a court of law.
(2) In case the association provided a loan violating this law and the financial prudential norms, the debtor, together with the administrators of the association who, knowing about the violation, adopted the decision to provide the respective loan, will have joint liability towards the association for non-repayment of the loan and/or the related interest at maturity, except administrators that voted against and their opinion was written separately in the minutes of the respective meeting.
(1) Membership in the association may be terminated through withdrawal, expulsion, death of physical person or reorganization or liquidation of legal entity and liquidation of the association.
(2) A member can be expelled from the association upon the decision of the Board for non-compliance with art. 20 according to the procedure established in the bylaws of the association.
(3) Expulsion of the debtor-member does not cancel his/her debt and/or related interest payment upon maturity.
(1) The Association is obliged to keep a Register of its members.
(2) The register of members is maintained in accordance with this law, bylaws and internal regulations of the association.
d) other records established by the bylaws.
(4) Documents set in art. 18 par. (1) are attached to the register of members.
(4) The Executive Director or where he/she is not appointed, the board, is responsible for maintaining the Register of members of the association and is obliged to issue to members extracts from the Register within 5 days from the date the written request has been submitted.
(1) The association is created based on the decision of the constitutive assembly.
(2) Physical persons, who meet the requirements established in art. 17 par. (1) let. a), hold the Constitutive Assembly of the association on voluntary basis.
e) solves other problems concerning the initiation of the activity of the association.
(5) The Minutes of the Constitutive Assembly and the bylaws are signed by the chairman and the secretary of the constitutive Assembly.
(2) The bylaws can also include other provisions that do not contradict legislation.
(3) The provisions of the bylaws that do not comply with the legislation are not valid.
(4) Amendments to the bylaws of the association are registered upon receiving the positive written approval of the supervisory authority in accordance with art. 27 par. (3).
(1) The Association is subject to registration in accordance with legislation on state registration of enterprises and organizations.
(2) State registration of the association is fulfilled with the written approval of the supervisory authority.
(3) The supervisory authority establishes, by normative act, regulations on the procedures of application and issuance of the approval, documents necessary to be attached to the application on issuance the approval, reasons for rejecting the application, mode of notification of the association etc.
(1) The registered association is subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation on licensing some types of activities with the peculiarities provided by this law.
(2) The license contains information on administrative-territorial limits within which the association is licensed to operate.
(3) The license is issued for an unlimited period of time.
(4) A copy of the license must be posted in a visible place where the association is authorized to operate and where it can be read by the public.
(1) In order to control the risks assumed by the association, three categories of license issued by the licensing authority are established: A, B, and C.
(2) Category A license is granted to an association the members of which are only physical persons, and the respective association intends to provide to its members services specified in accordance with art. 7, par. (1), let. a) items 1) – 3). The license is valid within the limits of the administrative-territorial unit of level I where the association is registered and does not give the right to set up branches and representation offices within the territory stated above.
(3) The category B license is granted to an association, the members of which are only physical persons, and the respective association intends to provide to its members services allowed in accordance with art. 7 par. (1) let. a) items 1) – 2), and item 3) – 5). The license is valid within the limits of the administrative-territorial unit of level II where the association is registered and gives the right to set up branches and representation offices within the territory stated above.
(4) The category C license is granted to an association that held a B license for at least one year, the members of which can be both physical and legal persons, and the respective association intends to provide to its members services allowed in accordance with art. 7 par. (1). The license is valid on the whole territory of the Republic of Moldova and gives the right to set up branches and representation offices on the whole territory of the country.
(5) The association that has a category A or B license may request the extension of the license on the neighboring administrative-territorial unit of the same level, without amending the category of the current license. The extension of the license can be approved only for administrative-territorial units that are in close vicinity of the unit in which the headquarters of the applicant association is registered.
The territorial extension of the license as well as issuance of a license of a different category is performed through reissuing, in accordance with art. 30.
(1) The application on issuing or reissuing of the license will be submitted in accordance with the legislation on licensing of some activities, attaching documents specified by that legislation, par. (2), and depending on the case, par. (3) of this article.
b) the copy of the property document, lease contract or any other document providing the real rights upon the office where the association is going to operate.
(3) The association should attach the documents provided for by par. (2) if the application on reissuing the license is submitted based on provisions of art. 29.
b) the association has made all the arrangements and planned adequately all necessary resources for a secure, prudential and financially stable activity.
(5) The supervisory authority decides upon acceptance of business-plan and informs the licensing authority upon the decision made within 10 working days from the date the business-plan is received.
(1) The license is suspended by decision of the supervisory authority, by derogation from legislation on licensing some types of activity, in compliance with this law.
(2) The supervisory authority will decide upon necessity of suspension of license, taking into consideration the specifics of association activity, necessity of avoiding winding up their activity, the aim of associations, which is continuous provision of diverse and qualitative services to members, as well necessity of continuous protection of legal rights and interests of members. Thus, the supervisory authority will examine the possibility of applying the provisions of art. 49 without suspension of the license.
(3) The supervisory authority can suspend the license if the association is not in compliance with financial prudential norms.
(4) The supervisory authority suspends the license for a specific period of time, but not more than 6 months, submits prescriptions for mandatory fulfilling and the term for submitting the report on fulfilling of prescriptions. Thus, the supervisory authority can develop itself or together with the respective association, a plan with measures aiming at liquidating all infringements found and complying with provisions of legislation.
(5) The decision on suspension of the license will be communicated to the association and licensing authority within 3 working days after the date the decision was made.
(6) Starting with the date the license is suspended, it is prohibited to conclude or amend any contracts on granting/restructuring loans, accepting of savings deposits, making investments. At the same time, the association will fulfill its liabilities taken on by contracts signed before the decision on suspension of the license.
(7) Reactivation of license and its submitting to the association is subject to adequate fulfilling of established prescriptions provided for by par. (4). The association will make and submit a report on to fulfilling of prescriptions to the supervisory authority within the established term, which will describe detailed actions taken. Failure of submission of report will be considered as non-compliance with normative acts of the supervisory authority.
b) notification of the licensing authority upon withdrawal of the license.
(9) The respective decision will be made within 10 working days after the report is received, and communicated to the association and the licensing authority within 3 working days after the date the decision was made.
(1) The license is withdrawn based on the decision of the licensing authority in compliance with provisions of legislation on licensing of some activities and this law and based on the reasons provided for by them.
c) association is under insolvency process.
(3) The decision on withdrawal of the license will be communicated to the supervisory authority within 3 working days after the date the decision was made.
(4) From the date when the decision regarding the withdrawal of the license is adopted the association is obliged to stop any activity and operations, except activities related to administrative functioning, to liquidate its assets, and to honor all its obligations as soon as possible.
(5) The association remains a subject of this law after the withdrawal of the license until its final liquidation and writing off from the state registry of enterprises and organizations.
(1) Institutional capital is constituted from retained earnings of previous years, net profit of the reported year less the uncovered losses of the previous years and net losses of the reported year.
e) minimum 5 % – starting with the sixth year of activity.
e) minimum 10 % – starting with the sixth year of activity.
c) minimum 10 % - starting with the fourth year of activity.
(1) The association may create reserves in accordance with its bylaws.
(2) The reserves created in accordance with paragraph (1) are used according to the bylaws or the decisions of association’s bodies competent to adopt this kind of decisions, providing that the association is complying with institutional capital requirements established by art.33.
(1) To meet withdrawals from deposit accounts every association licensed to accept deposits shall establish and maintain liquidity as specified by the supervisory authority.
(2) All investments made by an association for purposes of meeting liquidity requirements shall be made in liquidity pool and financial instruments in compliance with the supervisory authority.
(3) The liquidity pool can only be invested in financial instruments as prescribed by the supervisory authority.
(1) The General Assembly of members is the supreme administrative body of the association.
k) decides upon the reorganization or voluntary liquidation of the association, appoints the liquidator (-s), approves the liquidation balance sheet of the association.
(3) The General Assembly may exercise and other attributions according to the bylaws.
(4) The decisions of the General Assembly of members that do not comply with the legislation, including the normative acts of the supervisory authority, are not valid.
(5) The decisions of the General Assembly are binding for administrators, employees and members of the association.
(1) The General Assemblies are ordinary and extraordinary.
(2) The Chairman of the board or the Executive Director convenes ordinary General Assemblies based on a decision of the Board at least once a year. The annual ordinary General Assembly takes place within 3 months after the end of the financial year.
d) at the request of the supervisory authority.
(4) The board decides upon the date, hour, place and agenda of the general assembly convened on par. (2) or (3). Agenda of the general assembly convened from reasons provided for in par. (3) let. b) – d) will include issues reflecting reasons of convening the assembly. Decision on convening the general assembly will be taken by the board in a period of time that would not prevent adequate execution of par.(5).
(5) At least 15 days before the general assembly, the chairman of the board or the executive director informs the members of the association according to the procedure established by the by laws.
(1) The General Assembly of the Association is deliberative (has quorum) if at least two thirds of the total number of members are registered or represented by proxy in accordance with legislation. The registration of members must be completed before the general assembly begins.
(2) If the General Assembly didn’t gather the necessary quorum, a second meeting is called. The Board establishes the date of the second meeting. Members are informed about the convocation of a second meeting of the General Assembly according to the procedure established by art. 37 par. (5).
(3) The second meeting of the General Assembly is considered to have a quorum if at least one half of the total number of members is registered or represented by proxy issued in accordance with current legislation are present.
(4) The decisions on matters foreseen in paragraph (2) a), k) of article 36 of this Law, are adopted with the votes of at least two thirds from the number of members present or represented. On other matters, the decision is adopted with a simple majority of votes of members present or represented at the meeting.
(5) The chairman of the general assembly is the chairman of the board, if the general assembly did not elect another person.
(6) The general assembly will elect the members of the committee for counting the votes that has to contain minimum 3 persons. The chairman of the committee for counting the votes is the chairman of the censor committee, if the general assembly did not elect another person. The activity of the committee is recorded in minutes and is signed by all its members and is attached to the minutes of the general assembly.
(7) The works of the General Assembly must be recorded in the minutes of the assembly. The chairman and the secretary of the General Assembly sign the minutes, and apply the seal.
d) other documents stipulated by the bylaws or the decision of the general assembly.
(9) The chairman of the board of the association is responsible for keeping record of the minutes of the general assembly in the respective register.
(1) The bylaws of the association may provide for the representation of the members at the general assembly in accordance with legislation.
(2) Members of the association may be represented at the general assembly only by other members of the association, except members of the board, censor committee and the executive director who don’t have the right to represent the members of the association.
(3) One representative can hold maximum 10 votes, including his/her own vote and thus, the number of votes held by one representative should not exceed 5% of the number of members of the association.
(4) The representative will vote based on the mandate, signed by the chairman, the secretary and the chairman of the committee for counting the votes and issued based on presented delegation (s). The mandate will specify the names of represented members and is attached to the minutes of the committee for counting the votes.
(5) The representative and members represented are indicated in the minutes of the respective general assembly.
(1) The Board of the association represents the interests of members during the period between the General Assemblies and, within the limits of its competences, implements general management and control of the activity of association. The Board of the association reports to the General Assembly of the association.
(3) The competency of the Board may include any other competencies of the general assembly and executive director foreseen in the Bylaws and its regulation, except those constituting exclusive competency.
(4) A member of the board cannot transmit the execution of tasks from his/her competency to another person.
(1) The number of members of the Board is established by the General Assembly and will be represented by an odd number of persons, but not less than 5.
(2) The General Assembly elects the members and the chairman of the Board for a term of 2-4 years, except the first terms established, so that an equal number of terms of board members expire annually. Members of the Board may be re-elected for a new term. The bylaws shall provide for a fixed term of appointment of board members.
(3) The Board meets as many times as it is needed, but at least once per quarter. The meetings are recorded in the respective minutes, which are signed by the chairman and the secretary.
(4) The Board is deliberative if the majority of members of the Board are present.
(5) The decisions of the Board of an association are made with the simple majority of votes.
(6) The decisions of the Board that do not comply with the legislation, including the normative acts of the supervisory authority, bylaws and decisions of the general assembly are not valid.
(7) The Board of the association submits to the General Assembly of members annual reports on its and association’s activity, including the execution of the budget.
(8) The chairman of the Board of the association is responsible for keeping record of the minutes of the meetings of the Board in the respective register.
c) exercises other attributions stipulated in the bylaws of the Board of the association.
(10) In the absence of the chairman of the Board, his/her attributions are exercised by one of the members of the Board.
(1) The competencies of the executive director of the association include all matters concerning the current activity of the association, except those constituting the exclusive competency of the General Assembly and of the Board of association.
(2) The executive director ensures the execution of decisions of the general assembly and of the board.
(d) is personally responsible for the activity of the association.
(4) The executive director is fulfilling his/her attributions in accordance with this law, bylaws, decisions of the general assembly and the board and the individual labor contract.
(5) The executive director has the right to participate at the meetings of the board without the right to vote.
b) the market value of the assets of the association is smaller than the value of its equity and liabilities.
(7) The board performs the duties of the executive director in case his/she is not appointed.
(1) The Censor Committee exercises the internal control of activities of the association and reports to the General Assembly.
(2) The Censor Committee is composed of an odd number of members, not less than 3, appointed by the general assembly for a period of 3 years.
(3) The censor committee performs its activity based on its regulation approved by the general assembly.
d) exercises other attributions foreseen by its regulation.
(5) The Censor Committee performs the obligatory annual control of economic and financial activity of the association after the preparation of financial statements and before they are submitted to the supervisory authority.
e) at the request of the supervisory authority.
(7) The administrators of the association are obliged to present to the Censor Committee all the documents necessary to perform the control, and to give verbal and written explanations.
(8) The Censor Committee prepares reports on the control performed, which are signed by all members of the Committee who participated in carrying out controls. If a member of the Censor Committee does not agree with the report, his/her opinion is expressed separately and annexed to the report.
(9) The reports of the Censor Committee are presented to the management bodies of the associations, the supervisory authority, and, if required, to the members of the association, at whose request the control was performed.
(11) The Censor Committee makes an annual activity report, to which it attaches the report regarding the annual compulsory control, and submits it to the General Assembly of the association.
(12) The member of the Censor Committee cannot transmit the execution of tasks from his/her competency to another person.
(1) The association keeps accounting records and prepares financial and specialized statements according to legislation, national accounting standards and its accounting policy.
(2) The association submits financial and special reports, other information and documents to the supervisory authority, with the frequency established by the legislation.
(3) The Board and the general assembly of members are not entitled to approve the annual activity report of the executive director and the Board, if this report is submitted without the annual financial statement and the report of the censor committee.
(4) Administrators that avoid bookkeeping, that incorrectly apply national accounting standards and the normative acts of the supervisory authority as well as those deliberately submitting inaccurate financial statements and special reports are applied, as the case might be, disciplinary, material, administrative or penal sanctions, as provided by legislation.
(5) The annual financial report of the association, to which are attached the report of the Censor Committee regarding the obligatory annual control and the external audit report, is submitted to the ordinary annual General Assembly of members and the supervisory authority.
(1) The audit might be statutory or performed upon request.
a) for associations holding a C license.
b) for associations holding a B license requesting a C license.
c) for associations holding a B license with a total balance sheet value of more than 10 million lei.
(3) The requested audit should be carried out in compliance with legislation on the audit activity.
(4) The association will conclude a contract with the audit company complying with the qualifications stipulated by the supervisory authority based on stipulated regulations.
CHAPTER IX. SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ASSOCIATIONS’ ACTIVITY.
(1) The supervisory authority is the only state body which supervises and regulates the activity of associations.
(2) In order to exercise regulation and effective supervision of activity of associations, the supervisory authority is entitled to adopt normative acts (regulations, instructions, ordinances, decisions etc.), perform examinations over associations’ activity, examine reports, accounts, registers and other documents and information, to take actions and to enforce measures toward stabilization of activity of associations and compliance with provisions of this law and its normative acts, manage the stabilization fund, as well as to take any other actions according to this law, its normative acts and other legal and normative acts.
(3) Together with financial prudential norms, specified in art. 8, the supervisory authority might establish non-prudential norms referring to bonds of association, requirements towards administrators, reporting and auditing, depending on the category of license held by the association.
(4) The supervisory authority can release an association from compliance with one or more provisions of its normative acts, if this is a part of a long-term stabilization plan of the activity of that association.
(5) The supervisory authority can require, and associations must submit upon request documents and information needed for adequate fulfilling of provisions of this law.
(6) Managers and employees of the supervisory authority should assure confidentiality of information they found out when fulfilling their duties. Information may be disclosed in cases and within limits established by legislation. Responsibility of infringement of this provision is taken on in accordance with legislation.
(1) The association is reorganized through mergers (fusion or absorption) or dismemberment (division or separation) according to the grounds and procedures established by the legislation and preliminary approval of the supervisory authority. The reorganization through transformation is not applied to associations.
(2) The board of reorganizing association (associations) involved in reorganizing will develop a reorganization plan, subject to approval by the general assembly (assemblies) of respective association (associations) and the supervisory authority.
(3) The supervisory authority can take under its administration the process of reorganization of the association without the consent of the general assembly of members, in case it is obvious that the financial situation is rapidly deteriorating.
(1) The association is liquidated on the grounds and the procedure established in the civil legislation, with the exceptions and derogations provided by this article.
b) the association failed to submit the license application within one year from the date of state registration.
(3) The decision regarding the voluntary liquidation of the association will be presented to the supervisory authority within 10 days from the day it was adopted.
(4) The liquidator (liquidators), appointed by the general assembly of members, will perform the liquidation of the association and will have all the current authorities to manage the association. The supervisory authority can delegate, in accordance with the legislation, its representative to be designated as a liquidator.
(5) Assets left after paying off the creditors will be distributed to members proportionally to their paid in membership shares in compliance with legislation and by-laws.
e) suspend the license of the association, in compliance with art. 31.
h) that no administrator or employee receives bonuses or premiums or other additional payments to the salary.
(1) The stabilization fund is created with the purpose of providing assistance to the associations by implementing stabilization measures in the association.
(2) Savings and credit associations that are accepting savings deposits from their members, are obliged to become members and to participate at the establishment of the Stabilization Fund.
(3) The stabilization fund is established, managed and used by the supervisory authority according to its normative acts.
(e) means from Government sources, donations, grants and external financial assistance.
(5) The conditions, amount and terms of paying the contributions mentioned in paragraph (4) let. a), b) and c) are established by the supervisory authority.
(1) The purpose of the Central Association is to support the sustainable development of savings and credit associations and the improvement of quality of services delivered by them to their members.
e) the compulsory participation of the associations that are accepting savings from members in the Central Association.
n) performs other activities provided by legislation and its bylaws.
(2) The central association can establish commercial organizations in order to fulfill the necessities of member savings and credit associations and/or participate into the capital of such enterprises, based on the decision of the general assembly of members of the central association and written agreement of the supervisory authority.
(3) When performing the activities mentioned in par. (1) and (2) the central association is obliged to respect the requirements and limits established in legislation, including the normative acts of the supervisory authority.
(4) The provisions of art. 7 par. (1) and (2) are applied to central associations to the extent they don’t contravene to this article.
(1) The association becomes a member after the approval of its application by the Board of the central association and after it deposits the membership fee stipulated in the Statute of the central association.
(2) The record regarding the members of the central association is made in the Register of members kept by the Board of the central association.
e) to benefit from other rights established in the legislation and Statute.
(6) Funds deposited into the central association to meet liquidity requirements shall be reimbursed according to procedure and requirements of normative acts of the supervisory authority.
(1) The Central Association is created based on the decision of the General Assembly of founders.
(2) The minimum number of founders for constituting a central association is 25 savings and credit associations.
(4) Constitutive documents of the central association and the requirements towards them are similar to the ones provided for the savings and credit associations established in the art. 25 par. (4).
(5) The license of the central association is effective for the entire territory of Republic of Moldova.
(2) The Control Body of the central association is the censor committee.
(3) Competencies of the general assembly, board, executive body, censor committee and the procedures of their activity are analogical to those established in art. 36-43, with the exception of the particularities provided in this article.
(4) The requirements towards the administrators of the central association are analogical to those established for the administrators of the associations in art. 12. Members of the board and censor committee of a savings and credit association can be members of the board and censor committee of a central association and vice-versa. The supervisory authority can establish specific requirements towards the administrators of the central association.
(5) The members of the board and the censor committee are elected by secret ballot by the general assembly of members for a period of 4 years with the condition of reelecting half of the members every 2 years. In the first board and censor committee at least half of all members will be elected for a period of 2 years.
(6) The board is composed of at least 5 members, who elect the chairman of the board.
(7) In order to identify the candidates for the position of member of the board and censor committee the Board creates the nominating committee that presents to the member associations the list of candidates within at least two weeks before the general assembly. Additional candidates can be nominated at the general assembly with the written agreement of at least 5 members of the central association.
(8) The Board appoints the executive body and approves the candidates proposed by the executive body for the management positions of the central association.
(9) The members of the censor committee can be the representatives of member associations or other persons that correspond to the minimum eligibility criteria established in the normative acts of the supervisory authority.
(10) The general assembly approves the external audit of the central association at the proposal of the censor committee. The same auditor cannot be approved for the third consecutive year.
(11) The audit organization or individual auditor will perform the audit of the central association within 4 months after the end of the financial year and will submit the audit report and the management letter to the censor committee, general assembly and supervisory authority within 10 calendar days from the issuance date.
(1) The Statute of the central association will include provisions analogical to the ones for the savings and credit associations established in art. 26 of this law, except par. (1) let. e) according to which the information on the name of the association, legal address, identification number shall be provided.
(2) The statute of the central association can include other provisions, including regarding relations among members of the central association, relations between the central association and third persons, which must comply with legislation.
(1) Licenses valid at the date this law becomes effective remain valid until the expiration date, providing activity, operations and documents of associations are in compliance with this law and normative acts of the supervisory authority within terms set up through normative acts, but not later than 12 months after this law becomes effective. The associations that will comply with the requirements of an A license will operate for an unlimited period of time with licenses in effect at the date of this law coming into effect.
(2) Until the activity, operations and documents of associations are in compliance with this law and normative acts of the supervisory authority, associations will operate within actual territorial limits and perform activities allowed by the license valid, specifically named: providing loans and accepting savings deposits.
(3) Until the amendment of the Bylaws, the bylaws and internal regulations will be applied to the extent they do not contradict this Law.
(4) Associations are exempt from paying the tax on registering modifications to their bylaws which are required by this law coming into effect.
(1) This Law becomes effective on January 1, 2008, except art. 50-56 and provisions related to the liquidity pool and stabilization fund, which will become effective after 12 months after this law becomes effective.
- adjust its normative acts to the provisions of this Law and adopt normative acts ensuring the implementation of this Law.
(3) From the date of entering into force of this law, the Law no. 1505–XIII from February 18, 1998 on savings and credit associations of citizens with all the amendments is abrogated.

References: art. 7
 art. 33
 art. 29
 art. 20
 art. 18
 art. 17
 art. 27
 art. 7
 art. 7
 art. 7
 art. 30
 art. 29
 art. 49
 art.33
 art. 37
 art. 8
 art. 31
 art. 7
 art. 25
 art. 36
 art. 12
 art. 26
 art. 50