Source: http://halakhah.com/horayoth/horayoth_9.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 02:07:00+00:00

Document:
His means suffice not1 and later it was stated again. His means suffice not2 [to indicate that] only he who is subject to the vicissitudes if3 poverty and wealth [is subject to the laws mentioned], a ruler and an anointed High Priest, however, are excluded since they can never be reduced to poverty. As to 'a ruler', — it is written, And doeth any one of all the things which the Lord his God hath commanded,4 [implying], he above whom there is none but the Lord his God;5 as to 'an anointed High Priest', — It is written, And the priest that is highest among his brethren,6 [meaning,] who is greatest among his brethren in beauty, strength, wisdom and wealth. Others say: Whence is it proved that if he has nothing of his own he must be made to be greater than his brethren? For it was expressly stated, And the priest that is highest among his brethren upon whose head [the anointing oil] is poured,6 he must be made greater than his brethren.
It was taught: R. Akiba said: An anointed High Priest is exempt from all these.11 Raba said: What is R. Akiba's reason? — Scripture stated, This is the offering of Aaron and his sons,12 [implying] that only this [one] is obligatory upon him but no other such offering13 is obligatory upon him.
Might it not be suggested that the All Merciful has exempted him only from the poorest offering which is14 a tenth part of an ephah15 but not16 [from those other offerings that are brought in case of] poverty and wealth!17 — his cannot be imagined at all, for it is written, And the priest shall make atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in any of these things,18 whoever may receive atonement by everyone of these19 may also receive atonement by any of the others,20 but whosoever may not obtain atonement by every one of these may not obtain atonement by any of the others.
Now, however,21 since it is written, And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things,22 is the meaning there also that whosoever is liable for everyone of these can also become liable for any of the others and whosoever is not liable for everyone of these cannot become liable for the others! Why then have we learned that R. Akiba said: A ruler is liable for all except for hearing of the voice? — Both Abaye and Raba replied: [The expression] in any23 is regarded by him as proof but that of in one24 is not regarded by him as proof.
MISHNAH. [FOR THE UNWITTING TRANSGRESSION OF ANY OF] ALL THE COMMANDMENTS IN THE TORAH THE PENALTY FOR WHICH, IF COMMITTED WILFULLY, IS KARETH AND, IF COMMITTED UNWITTINGLY, A SIN OFFERING, THE INDIVIDUAL BRINGS AS AN OFFERING A LAMB OR A GOAT;28 THE RULER BRINGS A GOAT;29 AND THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST AND THE COURT BRING A BULLOCK.30 IN THE CASE OF IDOLATRY, THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE RULER AND THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST BRING A GOAT31 WHILE THE COURT BRING A BULLOCK AND A GOAT, THE BULLOCK FOR A BURNT OFFERING AND THE GOAT FOR A SIN OFFERING.32 THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE RULER ARE BOTH SUBJECT TO THE OBLIGATION OF AN ASHAM TALUI,33 BUT THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST AND THE COURT ARE EXEMPT. THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE RULER AND THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST ARE SUBJECT TO THE OBLIGATION OF AN ASHAM WADDAI,34 BUT THE COURT IS EXEMPT.
GEMARA. It was taught: R. Simeon laid down the following rule; Wherever the individual is liable to an asham talui41 the ruler is subject to the same obligation, while an anointed High Priest and the court are exempt; and wherever the individual is liable to an asham waddai41 a ruler and an anointed High Priest are subject to the same obligation while the court is exempt. In respect of hearing of the voice, swearing clearly with the lips, and the uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things, the court is exempt while a ruler and an anointed High Priest are liable, except that the ruler is not liable in respect of heating of the voice nor the anointed High Priest in respect of uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things. Wherever an individual is liable to a sliding scale sacrifice, the ruler is subject to the same obligation while the anointed High Priest and the court are exempt.
Is not this teaching self-contradictory? First it is stated that an anointed High Priest is not liable in respect of uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things. [from which it follows that] he is exempt only in respect of uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things but that in respect of hearing of the voice and swearing clearly with the lips he is liable; now read the final clause; 'Wherever an individual is liable to a sliding scale sacrifice, the ruler is subject to the same obligation while an anointed High Priest and the court are exempt;' since the exemptions of the High Priest and that of the court were mentioned together42 [it follows that] as the court is exempt from all these43 so is the anointed High Priest exempt from all these.
Lev. V, 7, referring to the transgressions enumerated in our Mishnah.
Ibid. V. 11, with reference to the same transgressions.
Lit., 'he who comes to the hand of'.
Lev. IV, 22, dealing with the transgression of a ruler. Emphasis is laid on his.
I.e., he must be supreme in all things including wealth.
And was in consequence deposed from office.
Hence he is never liable to such an offering.
While he held office. Hence he must bring the offering now.
Lit., 'treasure'. As he would obviously have to bring the offering out of his own funds there can be no difference between his being in, or out of office. His wealth, which is the cause of his exemption, has not been lost or diminished by his deposition. There is, therefore, no need for him to bring an offering even after his deposition.
As regards the bringing of a sliding scale sacrifice.
Lev. VI, 13. with reference to the special priestly offering of a tenth part of an ephah.
Lit., 'and what is it'.
V. Lev. VI, 13. and ibid. V, II.
Lit., 'the All Merciful did not exclude bins'.
A lamb or a goat for the rich who can afford it (Lev. V, 6), and turtledoves or pigeons for the pour who cannot afford it (ibid. V. 7). How, then, could R. Akiba maintain that a High Priest is exempt from these offerings if his transgression related to any of those enumerated in our Mishnah.
Including the offering of a tenth part of an ephah.
If deduction is to be made from 'in any', [H].
Ibid. v. 5; 'in one', [H].
Lev. V. 13 (V. p. 60, n. 14).
I.e., with that of turtledoves or pigeons (ibid. v. 7).
A lamb or a goat (ibid. v. 6). Since, however, it was written in connection with the tenth part of an ephah (the poorest of the offerings) it must have been intended for the purpose of indicating that whosoever is exempt from that offering is also exempt from the rest. An anointed High Priest being exempt from that offering by deduction from Lev. VI, 23 (v. supra), is also exempt from all the others.
Num. XV, 27. V. Gemara infra.
Ibid. 24. V. supra 7b.
V. Glos. and Lev. V, 17ff.
V. Glos. and Lev. V, 14-16, 20-26; ibid. XIX, 20-22; ibid. XIV, 12; Num. VI, 12.
It will be shown infra that a ruler is exempt according to R. Simeon from the 'hearing of the voice', even as in the view of R. Akiba in the preceding Mishnah.
The ruler in the case of the two last mentioned transgressions (v. supra note 5), and the High Priest in the case of the two first mentioned.
Lit., 'it taught … exempt'.
A tanna recited before R. Shesheth: An asham talui24 is offered for [the unwitting transgression of the law of] uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things. He said to him: Who could have told you this? Obviously R. Eliezer who25 said: Because kareth was mentioned in connection with it, as in the case of a fixed sin offering, a goat must be offered by the ruler for it;26 but R. Johanan Surely said that R. Eliezer admitted that he22 does not bring an asham talui! — This is a difficulty.
MISHNAH. IF AN ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST COMMITTED A SIN AND SUBSEQUENTLY RELINQUISHED27 HIS HIGH PRIESTHOOD,28 AND SIMILARLY IF A RULER COMMITTED A SIN AND SUBSEQUENTLY LOST27 HIS RANK,29 THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST BRINGS30 A BULLOCK, AND THE RULER BRINGS A GOAT. IF THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST RELINQUISHED27 HIS HIGH PRIESTHOOD28 AND COMMITTED A SIN AFTERWARDS, AND, SIMILARLY, IF A RULER LOST27 HIS RANK AND COMMITTED A SIN AFTERWARDS, THE ANOINTED HIGH PRIEST STILL BRINGS A BULLOCK WHILE THE RULER [BRINGS THE SAME SIN OFFERING] AS A LAYMAN.
In the case of an offering brought by a poor man (turtledoves or pigeons) the High Priest is liable in respect of 'Hearing of the voice' and 'Swearing with the lips'.
In which case the High Priest is exempt, as deduced supra 9a.
As deduced from who is the offering', supra p. 60.
Though R. Akiba exempts the High Priest in this case also R. Simeon does not, as he does not accept the argument based on the text, 'And the priest shall … in any,' loc. cit.
'Assembly' — congregations'. Num. XIX, 20.
V. p. 63, n. 9.
Lit., 'this', the High Priest.
On the Day of Atonement his offering is a bullock and that of the congregation is a goat.
For a transgressions committed during the year a ruler brings a goat while the congregation brings a bullock. Why, then, was only a High Priest, and not also a ruler excluded?
The offering of the priests is the same as that of the High Priest. Since they, like him, differ from the congregation they also should be exempt like him from the same offering (v. p. 63. n. S).
If individuals, or a congregation, committed a sin through 'error in action', where there was no 'ignorance of the law', every one of them must bring a sin offering. A High Priest, however, is not liable to bring an offering unless his error in action was also accompanied by ignorance of the law.
Only in that case does a ruler bring an offering of a goat instead of a sliding scale sacrifice.
Which is brought by individuals only for offenses involving the penalty of kareth, if committed wittingly; and as in the case of a fixed sin offering, the offering for this offence of uncleanness to be brought by the ruler must be that of a goat. In respect, however, of transgressions relating to 'hearing of the voice' and 'swearing with the lips' which are not subject to the penalty of kareth if committed wilfully. the offering of a ruler, in the case of error, is not a goat but the same as that of a private individual — a sliding scale sacrifice.
I.e., that a ruler brings an offering of a goat for 'hearing of the voice', 'swearing', and uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things.
As suited by R. Simeon in the Mishnah.
V. p. 64, n. 9.
Cf supra p. 60. And he consequently could not have mentioned the High Priest.
MS.M. reads asham talui. I.e., be agrees with the Mishnah supra p. 56. without differentiating between a ruler and an ordinary individual.
In giving the reason why a ruler brings a goat for all offence of uncleanness relating to the Sanctuary and its consecrated things.
And from this the liability to an asham talui is obviously deduced.

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