Source: http://www.scottanthonyarchives.com/2014/08/use-of-united-states-military-for.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 18:49:39+00:00

Document:
331. Federal aid for State governments.
State and Federal law. 334. Proclamation to disperse.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, § 1076(a)(3), (4)(B), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2405, substituted ‘‘ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS TO RESTORE PUBLIC ORDER’’ for ‘‘INSURRECTION’’ in chapter heading and ‘‘Major public emergencies; interference with State and Federal law’’ for ‘‘Interference with State and Federal law’’ in item 333.
Whenever there is an insurrections in any State against its government, the President may, upon the request of its legislature or of its governor if the legislature cannot be convened, call into Federal service such of the militia of the other States, in the number requested by that State, and use such of the armed forces, as he considers necessary to suppress the insurrection.
The words ‘‘armed forces’’ are substituted for the words ‘‘land or naval forces of the United States’’. The word ‘‘governor’’ is substituted for the word ‘‘execu- tive’’. The word ‘‘may’’ is substituted for the words ‘‘it shall be lawful * * * to’’. The words ‘‘into Federal service’’ are substituted for the word ‘‘forth’’ for uniformity and clarity.
Act July 29, 1861, ch. 25, § 1, 12 Stat. 281.
2006—Pub. L. 109–163 struck out ‘‘or Territory’’ after ‘‘in any State’’.
(B) suppress, in a State, any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy if such insurrection, violation, combination, or conspiracy results in a condi- tion described in paragraph (2).
(3) In any situation covered by paragraph (1)(B), the State shall be considered to have denied the equal protection of the laws secured by the Constitution.
(b) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—The President shall notify Congress of the determination to exercise the authority in subsection (a)(1)(A) as soon as practicable after the determination and every 14 days thereafter during the duration of the exer- cise of that authority.
The words ‘‘armed forces’’ are substituted for the words ‘‘land or naval forces of the United States’’. The word ‘‘shall’’ is substituted for the words ‘‘it shall be lawful for * * * and it shall be his duty’’.
Act Apr. 20, 1871, ch. 22, § 3, 17 Stat. 14.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions authorizing the President to employ the armed forces during a natural disaster or terrorist attack or to suppress an insurrec- tion in a State and requiring notice to Congress during the exercise of such authority for provisions directing the President to suppress certain insurrections and do- mestic violence in a State.
Whenever the President considers it necessary to use the militia or the armed forces under this chapter, he shall, by proclamation, immediately order the insurgents or those obstructing the en- forcement of the laws to disperse and retire peaceably to their abodes within a limited time.
The words ‘‘militia or the armed forces’’ are substituted for the words ‘‘military forces’’ for clarity and to conform to sections 331, 332, and 333 of this title.
Act July 29, 1861, ch. 25, § 2, 12 Stat. 282.
2006—Pub. L. 109–364 inserted ‘‘or those obstructing the enforcement of the laws’’ after ‘‘insurgents’’.
Proc. No. 3204, Sept. 23, 1957, 22 F.R. 7628, commanded all persons in the State of Arkansas who were obstruct- ing the enforcement of orders of the United States Dis- trict Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas relating to enrollment and attendance at public schools, particularly Central High School at Little Rock, Arkansas, to cease and desist therefrom and to disperse forthwith.
For purposes of this chapter, the term ‘‘State’’ includes Guam and the Virgin Islands.
2006—Pub. L. 109–163 struck out ‘‘the unincorporated territories of’’ before ‘‘Guam’’.
1980—Pub. L. 96–513 inserted ‘‘and Virgin Islands’’ after ‘‘Guam’’ in section catchline and inserted provision respecting applicability to the Virgin Islands.
Section 11 of Pub. L. 90–497 provided that this section is effective on date of enactment of Pub. L. 90–497, which was approved on Sept. 11, 1968.
Section, added Pub. L. 90–496, §12, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 841, included Virgin Islands within ‘‘State’’. See section 335 of this title.
Repeal effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
371. Use of information collected during military operations.
372. Use of military equipment and facilities.
373. Training and advising civilian law enforcement officials.
374. Maintenance and operation of equipment.
375. Restriction on direct participation by military personnel.
376. Support not to affect adversely military preparedness.
378. Nonpreemption of other law.
379. Assignment of Coast Guard personnel to naval vessels for law enforcement purposes. 380. Enhancement of cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials.
381. Procurement by State and local governments of law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities through the Department of Defense.
382. Emergency situations involving chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction.
1993—Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1122(a)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1755, added item 381.
1989—Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1216(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1569, in chapter heading substituted ‘‘18’’ for ‘‘8’’.
MILITARY SUPPORT FOR CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES’’ for ‘‘CHAPTER 18—MILITARY COOPERATION WITH CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS’’, in item 374 ‘‘Maintenance and operation of equipment’’ for ‘‘Assistance by Department of Defense personnel’’, in item 376 ‘‘Support not to affect adversely military preparedness’’ for ‘‘Assistance not to affect adversely military preparedness’’ and in item 380 ‘‘Enhancement of cooperation with civilian law enforcement officials’’ for ‘‘Department of Defense drug law enforcement assistance: annual plan’’.
1987—Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, § 1243(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1164, added item 380.
‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—A joint task force of the Department of Defense that provides support to law enforcement agencies conducting counter-drug activities may also provide, subject to all applicable laws and regulations, support to law enforcement agencies conducting counter-terrorism activities.
‘‘(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—During fiscal years 2006 and 2007, funds available to a joint task force to support counter-drug activities may also be used to provide the counter-terrorism support authorized by sub- section (a).
‘‘(c) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than December 31, 2006, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report evaluating the effect on counter-drug and counter-terrorism activities and objectives of using counter-drug funds of a joint task force to provide counter-terrorism support authorized by subsection (a).
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make available any equipment (including associated supplies or spare parts), base facility, or research facility of the Department of Defense to any Federal, State, or local civilian law enforcement official for law enforcement purposes.
(1) In addition to equipment and facilities described in subsection (a), the Secretary may provide an item referred to in paragraph (2) to a Federal, State, or local law enforcement or emergency response agency to prepare for or respond to an emergency involving chemical or biological agents if the Secretary determines that the item is not reasonably available from another source. The requirement for a determination that an item is not reasonably available from another source does not apply to assistance provided under section 382 of this title pursuant to a request of the Attorney General for the assistance.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, inserting ‘‘(including associated supplies or spare parts)’’ and substituting ‘‘Department of Defense’’ for ‘‘Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps’’.
Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1208, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, § 1044, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2493, which author- ized the Secretary of Defense to transfer excess personal property of the Department of Defense to Federal and State agencies, provided conditions for transfer, and terminated the Secretary’s authority on Sept. 30, 1997, was repealed and restated in section 2576a of this title by Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1033(a)(1), (b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2639, 2640.
(a) The Secretary of Defense may, in accordance with other applicable law, make Department of Defense personnel available for the maintenance of equipment for Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement officials, including equipment made available under section 372 of this title.
(D) Interception of vessels or aircraft de- tected outside the land area of the United States for the purposes of communicating with such vessels and aircraft to direct such vessels and aircraft to go to a location designated by appropriate civilian officials.
(B) The term ‘‘land area of the United States’’ includes the land area of any territory, commonwealth, or possession of the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §905(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1115; amended Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(9), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2622; Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3056, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–77; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1373(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4007; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, § 1214(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2043; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §§1210, 1216(b), (c), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566, 1569; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1042, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2492; Pub. L. 105–277, div. B, title II, § 201, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–567; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(a)(4), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 109–304, §17(a)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1706.
The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i), is title II of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables. The Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i), is title III of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1285, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§951 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21. For complete classification of the Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 951 of Title 21 and Tables.
2006—Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 109–304 substituted ‘‘Chapter 705 of title 46’’ for ‘‘The Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1901 et seq.)’’.
1999—Subsec. (b)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 106–65, § 1066(a)(4)(A), realigned margins.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(i). Pub. L. 106–65, §1066(a)(4)(B), struck out semicolon after ‘‘law enforcement personnel;’’.
1998—Subsec. (b)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 105–277, § 201(1), (2), added subpars. (C) and (D).
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(i). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(3), inserted ‘‘along with any other civilian or military personnel who are supporting, or conducting, a joint operation with civilian law enforcement personnel;’’ after ‘‘transportation of civilian law enforcement personnel’’ and struck out ‘‘and’’ at end.
Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(ii). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(4)(A), inserted ‘‘and supporting’’ before ‘‘personnel’’.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–277, §201(5), substituted ‘‘a Federal agency’’ for ‘‘an agency’’ in introductory provisions.
1992—Subsec. (b)(2)(B) to (F). Pub. L. 102–484, § 1042(1), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpars. (B) to (E) as (C) to (F), respectively.
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–484, §1042(2), substituted ‘‘paragraph (2)(D)’’ for ‘‘paragraph (2)(C)’’.
1989—Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 101–189, §1210, substituted ‘‘and the Attorney General (and the Secretary of State in the case of a law enforcement operation outside of the land area of the United States)’’ for ‘‘, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of State, in connection with a law enforcement operation outside the land area of the United States’’ in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 101–189, §1216(b), substituted ‘‘general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States’’ for ‘‘general headnote 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States’’.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–189, § 1216(c), substituted ‘‘subsection (b)(2)’’ for ‘‘paragraph (2)’’.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 substituted ‘‘Maintenance and operation of equipment’’ for ‘‘Assistance by Depart- ment of Defense personnel’’ in section catchline, and amended text generally, revising and restating former subsecs. (a) to (d) as subsecs. (a) to (c).
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–418, which directed substitution of ‘‘general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States’’ for ‘‘general headnote 2 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States’’, could not be executed because of intervening general amendment by Pub. L. 100–456.
‘‘(B) the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General jointly determine that an emergency circumstance exists.
Pub. L. 108–287, title VIII, § 8037, Aug. 5, 2004, 118 Stat. 978.
Pub. L. 108–87, title VIII, § 8037, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1080.
Pub. L. 107–248, title VIII, § 8037, Oct. 23, 2002, 116 Stat. 1544.
Pub. L. 106–259, title VIII, § 8040, Aug. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 683.
Pub. L. 106–79, title VIII, § 8043, Oct. 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 1240.
Pub. L. 105–262, title VIII, § 8043, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2307.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(b) [title VIII, § 8048], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–71, 3009–99.
‘‘(3) the account to which such amount is authorized to be transferred.
of the Department of Defense may not be detailed to another department or agency in order to implement the National Drug Control Strategy unless the Secretary of Defense certifies to Congress that the detail of such personnel is in the national security interest of the United States.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(b) [title VIII, § 8080(a)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–71, 3009–104.
‘‘(3) by an appropriate official of a department or agency of the Federal Government that has counter-drug responsibilities, in the case of support for foreign law enforcement agencies.
used by the Department of Defense.
‘‘(B) upgrading such equipment to ensure the compatibility of that equipment with equipment used by the Department of Defense.
States and foreign countries (including per diem expenses associated with such transportation), and the transportation of supplies and equipment, for the purpose of facilitating counter-drug activities within or outside the United States.
‘‘(4) The establishment (including an unspecified minor military construction project) and operation of bases of operations or training facilities for the purpose of facilitating counter-drug activities of the Department of Defense or any Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency within or outside the United States or counter-drug activities of a foreign law enforcement agency outside the United States.
‘‘(5) Counter-drug related training of law enforcement personnel of the Federal Government, of State and local governments, and of foreign countries, including associated support expenses for trainees and the provision of materials necessary to carry out such training.
‘‘(B) surface traffic outside the geographic boundary of the United States and within the United States not to exceed 25 miles of the boundary if the initial detection occurred outside of the boundary. ‘‘(7) Construction of roads and fences and installation of lighting to block drug smuggling corridors across international boundaries of the United States. ‘‘(8) Establishment of command, control, communications, and computer networks for improved integration of law enforcement, active military, and National Guard activities.
‘‘(9) The provision of linguist and intelligence analysis services.
‘‘(10) Aerial and ground reconnaissance.
‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON COUNTER-DRUG REQUIREMENTS.— The Secretary of Defense may not limit the requirements for which support may be provided under sub-section (a) only to critical, emergent, or unanticipated requirements.
‘‘(d) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—In carrying out sub-section (a), the Secretary of Defense may acquire services or equipment by contract for support provided under that subsection if the Department of Defense would normally acquire such services or equipment by contract for the purpose of conducting a similar activity for the Department of Defense.
‘‘(e) LIMITED WAIVER OF PROHIBITION.—Notwithstanding section 376 of title 10, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may provide support pursuant to sub-section (a) in any case in which the Secretary determines that the provision of such support would adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States in the short term if the Secretary determines that the importance of providing such support outweighs such short-term adverse effect.
‘‘(f) CONDUCT OF TRAINING OR OPERATION TO AID CIVIL- IAN AGENCIES.—In providing support pursuant to sub-section (a), the Secretary of Defense may plan and execute otherwise valid military training or operations (including training exercises undertaken pursuant to section 1206(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101–189; 103 Stat. 1564 [10 U.S.C. 124 note])) for the purpose of aiding civilian law enforcement agencies.
‘‘(g) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—(1) The authority provided in this section for the support of counter-drug activities by the Department of Defense is in addition to, and except as provided in paragraph (2), not subject to the requirements of chapter 18 of title 10, United States Code.
‘‘(2) Support under this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 375 and, except as provided in sub-section (e), section 376 of title 10, United States Code.
‘‘(h) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION OF FACILITIES PROJECTS.—(1) When a decision is made to carry out a military construction project described in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] written notice of the decision, including the justification for the project and the estimated cost of the project. The project may be commenced only after the end of the 21-day period beginning on the date on which the written notice is received by Congress.
Section 1103 of Pub. L. 100–456 related to integration of United States assets dedicated to interdiction of illegal drugs into an effective communications network, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1204(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1564. See section 1204(a) of Pub. L. 101–189 set out as a note under section 124 of this title.
Section 1105 of Pub. L. 100–456 related to funding and training of National Guard for purpose of drug interdiction and enforcement operations and for operation and maintenance of equipment and facilities for such purpose, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XII, §1207(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1566. See section 112 of Title 32, National Guard.
Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3057, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–77, provided that the Secretary of Defense was to submit to Congress, within 90 days after Oct. 27, 1986, a list of all forms of assistance that were to be made available by the Department of Defense to civilian drug law enforcement and drug interdiction agencies and a plan for promptly lending equipment and rendering drug interdiction-related assistance included on the list, provided for congressional approval of the list and plan, required the Secretary to convene a conference of the heads of Government agencies with jurisdiction over drug law enforcement to determine the appropriate distribution of the assets or other assistance to be made available by the Department to such agencies, and provided for monitoring of the Department’s performance by the General Accounting Office.
1989—Pub. L. 101–189 substituted ‘‘any activity’’ for ‘‘the provision of any support’’, struck out ‘‘to any civilian law enforcement official’’ after ‘‘any personnel)’’, and substituted ‘‘a search, seizure, arrest,’’ for ‘‘a search and seizure, an arrest,’’.
(a) To the extent otherwise required by section 1535 of title 31 (popularly known as the ‘‘Economy Act’’) or other applicable law, the Secretary of Defense shall require a civilian law enforcement agency to which support is provided under this chapter to reimburse the Department of Defense for that support.
be obtained from military operations or training.
1984—Pub. L. 98–525 substituted ‘‘before December 1, 1981’’ for ‘‘prior to the enactment of this chapter’’.
(c) No fewer than 500 active duty personnel of the Coast Guard shall be assigned each fiscal year to duty under this section. However, if at any time the Secretary of Homeland Security, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense, determines that there are insufficient naval vessels available for purposes of this section, such personnel may be assigned other duty involving enforcement of laws listed in section 374(b)(4)(A) of this title.
(d) In this section, the term ‘‘drug-interdiction area’’ means an area outside the land area of the United States (as defined in section 374(b)(4)(B) of this title) in which the Secretary of Defense (in consultation with the Attorney General) determines that activities involving smuggling of drugs into the United States are ongoing.
2002—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (c). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted ‘‘of Homeland Security’’ for ‘‘of Transportation’’.
1988—Pub. L. 100–456 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to annual briefing of law enforcement personnel of each State by Secretary of Defense and Attorney General and establishment of offices and telephone communication with those offices regarding surplus military equipment for provisions requiring the Secretary to report to Congress on the availability of assistance, etc., to civilian law enforcement and drug interdiction agencies and to convene a conference and requiring the Comptroller General to monitor and report on the Secretary’s compliance with those requirements.
(i) A request for law enforcement equipment.
(B) A State may include in a request submit- ted under subparagraph (A) only the type of equipment listed in the catalog produced under subsection (c).
(C) A request for law enforcement equipment shall consist of an enumeration of the law enforcement equipment that is desired by the State and units of local government within the State. The Governor of a State may establish such procedures as the Governor considers appropriate for administering and coordinating requests for law enforcement equipment from units of local government within the State.
(D) A State requesting law enforcement equipment shall be responsible for arranging and paying for shipment of the equipment to the State and localities within the State.
for counter-drug activities for purchase by States and units of local government under the procedures established by the Secretary under this section.
(1) The term ‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States.
(2) The term ‘‘unit of local government’’ means any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State; an Indian tribe which performs law enforcement functions as determined by the Secretary of the Interior; or any agency of the District of Columbia government or the United States Government performing law enforcement functions in and for the District of Columbia or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(3) The term ‘‘law enforcement equipment suitable for counter-drug activities’’ has the meaning given such term in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. In prescribing the meaning of the term, the Secretary may not include any equipment that the Department of Defense does not procure for its own purposes.
Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, § 1122(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1755, directed the Secretary of Defense to establish procedures under subsec. (a) of this section not later than six months after Nov. 30, 1993.
(C) enforcement of section 175 or 2332c1 of title 18 would be seriously impaired if the Department of Defense assistance were not provided.
(c) FORMS OF ASSISTANCE.—The assistance referred to in subsection (a) includes the operation of equipment (including equipment made available under section 372 of this title) to monitor, contain, disable, or dispose of the weapon involved or elements of the weapon.
(1) The Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General shall jointly prescribe regulations concerning the types of assistance that may be provided under this section. Such regulations shall also describe the actions that Department of Defense personnel may take in circumstances incident to the provision of assistance under this section.
(ii) Any direct participation in conducting a search for or seizure of evidence related to a violation of section 175 or 2332c 1 of title 18.
(e) REIMBURSEMENTS.—The Secretary of Defense shall require reimbursement as a condition for providing assistance under this section to the extent required under section 377 of this title.
(1) Except to the extent otherwise provided by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense may exercise the authority of the Secretary of Defense under this section. The Secretary of Defense may delegate the Secretary’s authority under this section only to an Under Secretary of Defense or an Assistant Secretary of Defense and only if the Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary to whom delegated has been designated by the Secretary to act for, and to exercise the general powers of, the Secretary.
Section 2332c of title 18, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b)(2)(C), and (d)(2)(A)(ii), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title II, §201(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–871.
1997—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted ‘‘Septem- ber 23, 1996’’ for ‘‘the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997’’.

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 §3056
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 § 1042
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 § 8037
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 §101
 § 8048
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 §1204
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 §3057
 § 1122
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