Source: https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/james-paces
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 03:42:34+00:00

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Primary research responsibilities focused on geochemical and isotopic characterization of the Nation’s proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Research involved both surface- and subsurface-based investigations of geochronology, hydrology, and paleoclimate using natural isotopes of strontium and the uranium-series disequilibrium chain for tracing hydrologic pathways and for isotopic dating a wide range of hydrogenic deposits. Major tasks included (1) providing paleoenvironmental histories and the timing of seismic events by dating surface deposits at numerous faults across the site, (2) understanding the paleohydrologic significance of secondary minerals in the deep unsaturated zone (UZ) in terms of the timing and amounts of percolation flux, sources of fracture water, and impacts of climate change on deep UZ flow, (3) determine the degrees of Pleistocene water-rock interaction to evaluate UZ-flow processes such as flow focusing in fault zones and fractures, capillary barrier effects, extent of past water-table rises beneath the repository, (4) defining flow paths in the regional saturated-zone ground-water system, and (5) studying the history and nature of Pleistocene discharge deposits in nearby areas to determine how the regional ground-water system responded to Pleistocene climate change.
1) Geochemical, isotopic (Pb, Sr, Nd), and geochronological investigation of granulite nodules from southern Superior Province kimberlites. 2) High-precision, single-zircon U-Th-Pb geochronological study of mafic intrusive rocks of the 1.1 Ga Duluth Complex that led to major rethinking of magma generation and differentiation processes during Midcontinent Rifting.
Collected Sr and Nd isotope compositions on whole rocks and mineral separates of Apollo 17 mare basalts and interpreted results with respect to eruptive ages and mantle differentiation events.
Wilson, M.L., Paces, J.B., and Ruotsala, A.P., 1984, Fluorapatite from the King Lithia mine, Custer County, South Dakota. Mineral Record v. 15, p. 361-366.
McDowell, S.D., and Paces, J.B., 1985, Carbonate alteration minerals in the Salton Sea geothermal system, California, USA. Mineral Magazine, v. 49, p. 469-479.
Bornhorst, T.J., Kalliokoski, J., and Paces, J.B., 1986, The Keweenaw Native-Copper District. In, Brown AC, Kirkham RV (eds.), Proterozoic Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits of Upper Michigan and Belt Supergroup of Idaho and Montana. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada/Canadian Geophysical Union Joint Annual Meeting, Ottawa '86, Field Trip 1 Guidebook, p. 21-36.
Bornhorst, T.J., Paces, J.B., Grant, N., Obradavich, J.D., and Huber, N.K., 1988, Age of native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. Economic Geology, v. 83, p. 619-625.
Zolensky, M.E., Sylvester, P.J., and Paces, J.B., 1988, Origin and significance of blue coloration in quartz from Llano Rhyolite (Llanite), north-central Llano County, Texas. American Mineralogist, v. 73, p. 313-323.
Paces, J.B., 1988, Magmatic processes, evolution , and mantle source characteristics contributing to the petrogenesis of Midcontinent Rift basalts: Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 413 p.
Paces, J.B., and Bell, K., 1989, Non-depleted sub-continental mantle beneath the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield: Nd-Sr isotopic and trace element evidence from Midcontinent Rift basalts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 53, p. 2023-2035.
Davis, D.W., and Paces, J.B., 1990, Time resolution of geological events on the Keweenaw Peninsula and implications for development of the Midcontinent Rift system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 97, p. 54-64.
Neal, C.R., Taylor, L.A., Davidson, J.P., Holden, P., Halliday, A.N., Paces, J.B., Clayton, R.N., and Mayeda, T.K., 1990, Eclogites with oceanic crustal and mantle signatures from the Bellsbank Kimberlite, South Africa, Part II: Radiogenic isotopes and geochemical evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 99, p. 362-379.
Paces, J.B., Nakai, S., Neal, C.R., Taylor, L.A., Halliday, A.N., and Lee, D-C, 1991, A Sr and Nd isotopic study of Apollo 17 high-Ti basalts: resolution of ages, evolution of magmas, and origins of source heterogeneities. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 2025-2043.
Paces, J.B., and Miller, J.D., Jr., 1993 Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: Geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1. Ga Midcontinent Rift system. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 98, p. 13,997-14,013.
Paces, J.B., Taylor, E.M., Bush, C., 1993, Late quaternary history and uranium isotopic compositions of ground water discharge deposits, Crater Flat, Nevada: Proceedings, Fourth International Conference of High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, April 26-30, 1993, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL., p. 1573-1580.
Lundstrom, S.C., Wesling, J.R., Taylor, E.M., and Paces, J.B., 1994, Preliminary surficial deposits map of the northeast quarter of the Busted Butte 7.5-minute quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-341, scale 1:12000.
Paces, J.B., Menges, C.M., Widmann, B., Wesling, J.R., Bush, C.A., Futa, K., Millard, H.T., Maat, P.B., and Whitney, J.W., 1994, Preliminary U-series disequilibrium and thermoluminescence ages of surficial deposits and paleosols associated with Quaternary faults, eastern Yucca Mountain: in Conference on High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, 5th, Las Vegas, NV, 1994, Proceedings, American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 2391-2401.
Lundstrom, S.C., Mahan, S.A., and Paces, J.B., 1995a, Preliminary surficial deposits map of the northwest quarter of the Busted Butte 7.5-minute quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-133, scale 1:12000.
Lundstrom, S.C., Whitney, J.W., Paces, J.B., Mahan, S.A., and Ludwig, K.R., 1995c, Preliminary surficial deposits map of the southern half of the Busted Butte 7.5-minute quadrangle, Nye County, NV: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-311, scale 1:12000.
Menges, C.M., Taylor, E.M., Vadurro, G., Oswald, J.A., Cress, R., Murray, M., Lundstrom, S.C., Paces, J.B., and Mahan, S.A., 1997, Logs and paleoseismic interpretations from trenches 14C and 14D on the Bow Ridge Fault, Northeastern Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies MAP MF-2311, 33 p. plus plates.
Lundstrom, S.C., Paces, J.B., and Mahan, S.A., 1998, Late Quaternary history of Fortymile Wash in the area near the H-road crossing. In Quaternary Geology of the Yucca Mountain Area, Southern Nevada, Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell, 1998 Annual Meeting, p. 63-76.
Marshall, B.D., Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., Whelan, J.F., and Peterman, Z.E., 1998, Secondary minerals record past percolation flux at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., 127-129.
Menges, C.M; Oswald, J.A; Coe, J.A; Lundstrom, S.C; Paces, J.B.; Mahan, S.A; Widmann, Beth; Murray, Michele, 1998, Paleoseismic investigations of Stagecoach Road Fault, southeastern Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 96-0417, 71 p., 3 sheets.
Neymark, L.A., Amelin, Yu. V., Paces, J.B., and Peterman, Z.E., 1998, U-Pb age evidence for long-term stability of the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., p. 85-87.
Paces J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Neymark, L.A., Whelan, J.F., and Marshall, B.D., 1998, Constraints on Quaternary Unsaturated- and Saturated-Zone Hydrology from Geochronological and Isotopic Studies of Calcite and Silica, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In, Use of Hydrogeochemical Information in Testing Groundwater Flow Models, Technical Summary and Proceedings of a Workshop, organized by the Nuclear Energy Agency Co-ordinating Group on Site Evaluation and Design of Experiments (SEDE) for Radioactive Waste Disposal, Borgholm, Sweden, 1-3 Sept. 1997, p. 329-336.
Paces, J.B., Neymark L.A., Marshall, B.D., Whelan, J.F., and Peterman, Z.E., 1998, Inferences for Yucca Mountain unsaturated-zone hydrology from secondary minerals. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., p. 36-39.
Paces, J.B., Ludwig, K.R., Peterman, Z.E., Neymark, L.A., and Kenneally J.M., 1998, Anomalous groundwater 234U/238U beneath Yucca Mountain: evidence for local recharge?: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., p. 185-188.
Patterson, G.L., Peterman, Z.E., and Paces, J.B., 1998, The implication of a perched-water system based on USW WT-24 hydrochemistry. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference, High-Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, May 11-14, 1998, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., p. 277-278.
Stuckless, J.F., Marshall, B.D., Vaniman, D.T., Dudley, W.W., Peterman, Z.E., Paces, J.B., Whelan, J.F., Taylor, E.M., Forester, R.M., and O’Leary, D.W., 1998, Comments on “Overview of calcite/opal deposits at or near the proposed high-level nuclear waste site, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: pedogenic, hypogene or both” by C.A. Hill, Y.V. Dublyansky, R.S. Harmon, C.M. Schluter: Environmental Geology, v. 34, p. 70-78.
Forester, R.M., Bradbury, J.P., Carter, C., Elvidge-Tuma, A.B., Hemphill, M.L., Lundstrom, S.C., Mahan, S.A., Marshall, B.D., Neymark, L.A., Paces, J.B., Sharpe, S.E., Whelan, J.F., and Wigand, P.E., 1999, The climatic and hydrologic history of southern Nevada during the late Quaternary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-635, 63 p.
Paces, J.B. and Peterman, Z.E., 1999, Isotope hydrology of ground-water flow systems, southern Nevada: in, B. Faybishenko, ed., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dynamics of Fluids in Fractured Rocks, Concepts and Recent Advances, Berkeley, California, February 10-12, 1999, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report LBNL-42718, p. 134-138.
Marshall, B.D., Neymark, L.A., Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., and Whelan, J.F., 2000, Seepage flux conceptualized from secondary calcite in lithophysal cavities in the Topopah Spring Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Annual Meeting Preprint 00-12 , 6 p.
Neymark, L.A; Amelin, Y.V; Paces, J.B., 2000, 206Pb-230Th-234U-238U and 207Pb-235U geochronology of Quaternary opal, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 2913-2928.
Neymark, L.A., and Paces, J.B., 2000, Consequences of slow growth for 230Th/U dating of Quaternary opals, Yucca Mountain, NV, USA. Chemical Geology, v. 164, p. 143-160.
Nelson, S.T, Karlsson, H.R., Paces, J.B., Tingey, D.G., Ward, S., Peters, M.T., 2001, Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.113, p.659-670.
Neymark, L.A., Amelin, Y.V., Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Whelan, J.F., 2001, Age constraints on fluid inclusions in calcite at Yucca Mountain. Proceedings of the Ninth International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, April 29 – May 3, 2001, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., published on CD-ROM.
Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., Marshall, B.D., Whelan, J.F., Peterman, Z.E., 2001. Ages and origins of calcite and opal in the Exploratory Studies Facility tunnel, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water-Resources Invest. Rep. 01-4049, 95 p.
Whelan, J.F., Roedder, E., and Paces, J.B., 2001, Evidence for an unsaturated-zone origin of secondary minerals in Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of the Ninth International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, April 29 – May 3, 2001, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., published on CD-ROM.
Ludwig, K.R. and Paces, J.B., 2002, Uranium-series dating of pedogenic silica and carbonate, Crater Flat, Nevada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol 66, p. 487-506.
Neymark, L.A., Amelin, Y., Paces, J.B., and Peterman, Z.E., 2002, U-Pb ages of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: implications for the paleohydrology of the unsaturated zone, Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 709-734.
Paces, J.B., Ludwig, K.R., Peterman, Z.E., and Neymark, L.A., 2002, 234U/238U evidence for local recharge and patterns of ground-water flow in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 751–779.
Whelan, J.F., Paces, J.B., and Peterman, Z.E., 2002, Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 735–750.
Lundstrom, S.C., Mahan, S.A., Blakely, R.J., Paces, J.B., Young, O.D., Workman, J.B., Dixon, G.L., 2003, Geologic map of the Mound Spring Quadrangle, Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California. Miscellaneous Field Studies Map - U. S. Geological Survey, Report: MF-2339, 8 pp., 1 sheet.
Neymark L.A., Paces, J.B., and Amelin Y.V. (2003) Reliability of U-Th-Pb dating of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of the Tenth International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, March 30 – April 2, 2003, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., 1-12.
Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Neymark, L.A., Nimz, G.J., Gascoyne, M., and Marshall, B.D., 2003, Summary of Chlorine-36 validation studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of the 10th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, March 30 – April 2, 2003, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., 348-356.
Peterman, Z.E., Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., and Hudson, D., 2003, Geochemistry of dust in the Exploratory Studies Facility, Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of the 10th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, March 30 – April 2, 2003, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL.
Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J., Adams, K., Stine, S., Parker, K., Negrini, R., Burke, R., Kurth, G., McGeehin, J.P., Paces, J.B., Phillips, F., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Smoot, J.P., 2003, Pliocene to Holocene lakes in the western Great Basin; new perspectives on paleoclimate, landscape dynamics, tectonics, and paleodistribution of aquatic species. In, Easterbrook, Don J. (ed.) Quaternary geology of the United States; INQUA 2003 field guide, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States (USA), p. 155-194.
Paces, J.B. and Neymark, L.A., 2004, U-Series isotopes as indicators of water/rock interaction in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. In, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, NY, June 27 – July 2, 2004, Saratoga Springs, Wanty R.B., and Seal II, R.R., eds. Balkema Publishers, Leiden, 475-479.
Ramelli, A.R., Oswald, J.A., Vadurro, G., Menges, C.M., Paces, J.B., 2004, Quaternary faulting on the Solitario Canyon Fault. In, Keefer, W.R., Whitney, J.W., Taylor, E.M. (eds.), Quaternary paleoseismology and stratigraphy of the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1689, pp.89-110.
Whelan, J.F., Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Marshall, B.D., and Neymark, L.A., 2005, Reply to the comment on ‘‘Physical and stable-isotope evidence for formation of secondary calcite and silica in the unsaturated zone, Yucca Mountain, Nevada’’, by Y.V. Dublyansky, S.E. Smirnov and G.P. Palyanova. Applied Geochem. 20, 1039-1050.
Zielinski, R.A., Budahn, J.R., Grauch, R.I., Paces, J.B., Simmons, K.R., 2004, Weathering of the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member, Phosphoria Formation; observations based on uranium and its decay products. In, Hein, J.R. (ed.) Life cycle of the Phosphoria Formation; from deposition to the post-mining environment, Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry, vol.8, pp.227-250.
Hershey, R.L., Thomas, J.M., Rose, T.P., Paces, J.B., Farnham, I.M., and Benedict, Jr., F.C., 2005, Evaluation of groundwater movement in the Frenchman Flat CAU using geochemical and isotopic analysis. Desert Research Institute Publication No. 45207, 65 p. plus 2 appendices.
Neymark, L.A., Paces, J.B., Marshall, B.D., Peterman, Z.E., and Whelan, J.F., 2005, Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA. Environmental Geology, 48, 450-465.
Whelan, J.F., Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., Schmitt, A.K., Grove, M., 2006, Impact of Quaternary Climate on Seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, American Nuclear Society, p. 199-206.
Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., Ghezzehei, Teamrat, Dobson, P.F., 2006, Testing the concept of drift shadow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings of the International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Las Vegas, NV, April 30 – May 4, 2006, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL., p. 278-285.
Farnham, I.M., Rose, T.P., Kwicklis, E.M., Hershey, R.L., Paces, J.B., 2006, Geochemical and isotopic evaluation of groundwater movement in corrective action unit 97: Yucca Flat/Climax Mine, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture, Report S-N/99205-070 to DOE, Stoller-Navarro Joint Venture, Las Vegas, NV.
Maher, K., Wooden, J.L., Paces, J.B., Miller, D.M., 2007, 230Th-U dating of surficial deposits using the ion microprobe (SHRIMP-RG): A microstratigraphic perspective. Quaternary International, v. 166, p. 15-28.
Paces, J.B., Peterman, Z.E., Futa, K., Oliver, T.A., Marshall, B.D. 2007, Strontium isotopic composition of Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Nevada Test Site vicinity, Clark, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California, U. S. Geological Survey Data Series Report 280, 43 p.
Lundstrom, S.C., Mahan, S.A., Paces, J.B., Hudson, M.R., House, P.K., Malmon, D.V., Blair, J.L., Howard, K.A., 2008, Late Pleistocene aggradation and degradation of the lower Colorado River: Perspectives from the Cottonwood area and other reconnaissance below Boulder Canyon. Geological Society of America Special Paper 439, p. 411-432.
Paces, J.B., Neymark, L.A., Whelan, J.F., Wooden, J.L., Lund, S.P., and Marshall, B.D., 2010, Limited hydrologic response to Pleistocene climate change in deep vadose zones — Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 300, p. 287-298.
Kurth G., Phillips, F.M., Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J.L., Paces, J.B., 2011, Cosmogenic nuclide and uranium-series dating of old, high shorelines in the western Great Basin, USA. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 123, p. 744-768.
Pigati, J.S, Miller, D.M, Bright, J.E., Mahan, S.A., Nekola, J.C., and Paces, J.B., 2011. Chronology, sedimentaology and microfauna of groundwater discharge deposits in the central Mojave Desert, Valley Wells, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, p. 2224-2239.
Paces, J.B., Elliott, P.E., Fenelon, J.M., Laczniak, R.J., and Moreo, M.T., 2012, Transient Effects on Groundwater Chemical Compositions from Pumping of Supply Wells at the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951–2008. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5023, 108 p.
Paces, J.B., and Whelan, J.F., 2012, The paleohydrology of unsaturated and saturated zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and vicinity, in Stuckless, J.S., ed., Hydrology and Geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Memoir 209, p. 219-276.
Neymark, L.A., Paces, J.B., 2013, Ion-probe U–Pb dating of authigenic and detrital opal from Neogene-Quaternary alluvium. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 361, 98-109.
Zartman, R.E., Kempton, P.D., Paces, J.B., Downes, H., Williams, I.S., Dobosi, G., Futa, K., 2012, Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for Proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern Superior Province. Journal of Petrology, Vol. 54, No. 3, p. 575–608.
Muhs, D.R., Bettis, E.A., Roberts, H.M., Harlan, S.S., Paces, J.B., Reynolds, R.L., 2013. Chronology and provenance of last-glacial (Peoria) loess in western Iowa and paleoclimatic implications. Quaternary Research, vol. 80, p. 468-481.
Muhs, D.R., Budahn, J.R., McGeehin, J.P., Bettis, E.A., Skipp G., Paces, J.B., Wheeler, E.A., 2013. Loess origin, transport, and deposition over the past 10,000years, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska. Aeolian Research, vol. 11, p. 85-99.
Paces, J.B., Nichols, P.J., Neymark, L.A., Rajaram, H., 2013, Evaluation of Pleistocene groundwater flow through fractured tuffs using a U-series disequilibrium approach, Pahute Mesa, Nevada, USA. Chemical Geology, vol. 358, p. 101-118.
Drexler, J.Z., Paces, J.B., Alpers, C.N., Windham-Myers, L., Neymark, L.A., Bullen, T.D., Taylor, H.E., 2014, 234U/238U and δ87Sr in peat as tracers of paleosalinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA. Applied Geochemistry 40, 164-179.
Paces, J.B., and Wurster, F.C., 2014, Natural uranium and strontium isotope tracers of water sources and surface water–groundwater interactions in arid wetlands – Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, USA. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 517, p. 213-225.
Mahan, S.A., Gray, H.J, Pigati, J.S., Wilson, J., Lifton, N.A., Paces, J.B., Blaauw, M., 2014, A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Quaternary Research, in press.

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