Source: http://www.crf-usa.org/criminal-justice-in-america-4th-edition-links/unit-5-chapter-21.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 00:38:28+00:00

Document:
California Youth Authority The California Youth Authority is the largest youthful offender agency in the nation. It is now called the Division of Juvenile Justice.
General Corrections Review of the California Youth Authority (PDF file) A report by Barry Krisberg on CYA.
Let His Children Go Review of Jerome Miller’s Last One over the Wall: The Massachusetts Experiment in Closing Reform Schools, his story of how he closed the large training schools in Massachusetts.
National Center on Institutions and Alternatives Founded by Jerome Miller, the former director of the Massachusetts Department of Youth Services, NCIA is an organization devoted to reforming American correctional systems.
The National Council on Crime and Delinquency A non-profit organization that conducts research and promotes reform of the juvenile justice system.
Housing Juveniles In Adult Facilities is Dangerous A short report to the House Judiciary Committee.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act created the OJJDP.
Associated Marine Institutes This non-profit specializes in marine- and wilderness-based juvenile rehabilitation programs.
Key Program This non-profit provides juvenile services throughout New England.
ACLU Fact Sheet on the Juvenile Justice System An ACLU fact sheet arguing that the movement to erase any distinction between young offenders and adult criminals is misguided.
Delinquents or Criminals: Policy Options for Young Offenders An Urban Institute report on options for treating juvenile offenders.
Kent v. U.S. (1966) U.S. Supreme Court ruling that juvenile courts waiving jurisdiction must hold a fitness hearing.
Criminal Children: The Lunacy of Leniency This 1997 CST News article by Dr. Don Boys favors treating juveniles accused of serious crimes as adults.
Juveniles in Adult Prisons and Jails: A National Assessment (PDF) (Text) A Bureau of Justice Assistance study completed in 2000.
Thompson v. Oklahoma (1988) U.S. Supreme Court case deciding that it is unconstitutional to execute anyone for crimes they committed when they were under the age of 16.
Stanford v. Kentucky and Wilkins v. Missouri (1989) U.S. Supreme Court cases upholding the constitutionality of the death penalty for those who committed crimes when they were over 16. The Supreme Court overruled these decisions in 2005 in Roper v. Simmons.
Juveniles, Capital Punishment, and Sentencing This site by the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention addresses the issue of severe juvenile sentences, such as capital punishment or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
Roper v. Simmons (2005) U.S. Supreme Court decision banning the execution of those who committed their crimes while under 18.
Death Penalty: The International Context Links to reports and treaties banning capital punishment for crimes committed when an offender was under 18 years old.
Juvenile Offenders and Troubled Teens This web site on juveniles involved with criminal justice agencies contains a glossary of terms in Juvenile Law and articles on juvenile ruthlessness, causal factors for juvenile crime, and how juveniles in trouble should be handled.

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