Source: https://faranama.co/en/bionic-in-architecture/
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 10:10:27+00:00

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The usage of forming principles of wild life got the new quality and received a name of architectural and bionic process and became one of the trends of architecture in the world architectural practice for the last 40 years. Bionics is an innovative architectural style that took all the best from nature: relief outlines and forms. It can be called architecture of future and its aim is synthesis of nature and modern technologies.
Keywords and phrases: architectural bionics, bionic style, forms of wildlife, organic architecture, synthesis of nature and technology.
— Architectural and bionic practice gave rise to the new and unusual architectural forms which are useful from functional and practical point of view and original in their aesthetic qualities. It couldn’t but kindle architects’ and engineers’ interest to these phenomena.
— Bionic originates from a Greek word that has a meaning “an element of life.”It served a basis of a title of the trend in science specializing on possibility of usage the certain biological systems and processes in technique.
— Architectural bionic looks like technical bionic but it’s so much specifi c that it creates an independent branch and solves not only technical but architectural problems mainly. One should underline here that scientifi c basics of architectural bionic began to be created in the USSR, and one can especially single out the works of such architects as V.V. Seefeld and Yu.S. Lebedev.
— A man has a feeling of movement in peace and a feeling of peace in movement of space in bionic construction thanks to the constantly changing balance of desires and spatial possibilities interaction. The least motion breaks the balance of power and the perception of space is also changed. Constancy and change, symmetry and asymmetry, protected intimacy and wide openness exist in a fragile balance. One should notice that there is always a perception of balance in movement and peace.
Fig. 1. The Bionic’s using. The first row: 1. A design for a flying machine, (c. 1488) Institut de France, Paris; 2. The analogy of the structure of culm and modern high-rise buildings; 3. The construction of the Eiffel Tower is based on the scientific work of Swiss professor of anatomy Hermann von Meyer, 1889. The second row: 1. Creating an artificial analogue of the web — Kevlar, based on the structure of DNA spiders; 2. Natural optovolono in the structure of marine sponges Euplectellas researchers found Bell Labs, Lucent Corporation; 3. Creating a layered building’s structures based on the structure of the deep shell clam „abalone” Shells are composed of soft and hard plates.
Fig. 2. Bionic in architecture at the present stage.
Wright believed that architecture had to be developed integral satisfying all the human vital functions, taking into account these vital functions but not balancing them with “abstract” architectural forms. And practically, all the “seamlessness” of such architecture (at least in Wright’s works) was turned into the establishment of the external constraint of architectural forms with the local landscape and also the usage of local building materials for the purpose of keeping of the national coloring of architectural constructions. Thereby an “organic” direction in architecture wasn’t referred to bionic. But the very idea of architecture development “from within to outside” (such development that directs the similar ones on the way of forming of systems that are typical for all the wild world) is very interesting and “bionic”.
The specific feature of the modern stage of learning of shapes of wild nature in architecture is that now there are learnt not only wild nature formalities but there are formed close bonds between the laws of development of wild nature and architecture. Nowadays architects don’t use the outer forms of wild nature but they use the features and characteristics of a form which can be an expression of functions of this or that organism that are similar to functional and utilitarian sides of architecture. By analyzing the historical experience of projecting and building of different architectural objects in the Republic of Kazakhstan and also in the countries of the near and far abroad one should notice that an important moment that acted its part in architects’ and designers’ appeal to the wild nature was putting to use the spatial constructive systems which are profitable from the economical point of view but very difficult from the mathematical point of view. The structural forms of nature were prototypes of these systems in many cases. Such forms began to be successfully used in different typological fields of architecture, in construction of large-span and high-rise buildings, in creating of quickly transforming constructions. The usage of constructive systems of nature made a path to the other trends of architectural bionic. First it’s connected with the natural means of “isolation” which can be used in organizing of the favorable microclimate for a man in buildings and also in cities. One should underline that architectural bionic not only decides functional questions of architecture but opens the prospects in searching of a function and an aesthetic form of architecture synthesis, and it teaches the architects to think using synthetic forms and systems. A bionic style means synthesis of natural forms and high tech and as the fastness of modern life of citizens of large megalopolises creates the definite standards for vital space, one of the most important criteria of modern housing quality is its functionality and comfort.
Fig. 4. Stages of formshaping.
Fig. 5. Search of a bionic form on a conception basis.
At all times, the architecture was characterized by ambivalence. On the one hand, it was organic, as followed by the laws of nature, on the other hand — an artificial, as consistent with the ideals bequeathed by Euclid. The organic trend in the development of architecture can be safely called “educated art,” and rational — “fine art”. The organic architecture, determine the forms that are not based on geometry. They are dynamic, irregular, occurring as a result of contact with reality. Inorganic forms of architecture are based on the geometry. As a result — they are right and perfect proportions, golden section and the absolute beauty, the result of education.
In the bionic structure due to the ever-changing balance of interaction between desires and possibilities of space a person experiences a sense of movement in peace and quiet — in the movement space. The slightest movement shifts the balance of power, thereby changing the perception of space. Continuity and change in the symmetry and asymmetry, is protected by privacy and wide open there is a delicate balance. Note that in motion, and rest is always a sense of balance.
In essence, bionics, as an architectural style that aims to create a spatial environment that would stimulate all the feel exactly the function of buildings, for which the latter is intended. In bionic bedroom house is a bedroom, living room — living room, kitchen — the kitchen.
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