Source: https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/search/text.jsp?case=D2013-0757
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 02:33:30+00:00

Document:
Complainant is Advance Magazine Publishers Inc. of New York, New York, United States of America, represented by Sabin Bermant & Gould, LLP, United States of America (“U.S.”).
Respondent is Premier Models International Inc of New York, New York, United States of America.
The disputed domain name <voguefashionmodels.com> is registered with GoDaddy.com, LLC (the “Registrar”).
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on April 26, 2013. On April 29, 2013, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On April 30, 2013, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details. In response to a notification by the Center that the Complaint was administratively deficient, Complainant filed an amended Complaint on May 1, 2013.
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on May 2, 2013. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was May 22, 2013. Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified Respondent’s default on May 23, 2013.
The Center appointed Lawrence K. Nodine, David M. Kelly and Debra J. Stanek as panelists in this matter on June 12, 2013. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. Each member of the Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
Complainant publishes Vogue fashion magazine which launched in 1892. The U.S. edition of Vogue reaches an average monthly audience of 1,315,304. Vogue magazine is also published by Complainant’s subsidiaries or through local licensees in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (“U.K.”), France, Italy, Australia, the Russian Federation, China, Germany, India, Taiwan Province of China, Portugal, Turkey, Spain, Mexico, Japan and Brazil.
In addition to its magazine, Complainant operates “www.vogue.com”, the online home of U.S. Vogue. This site features magazine content, photos, designer profiles, lifestyle and cultural information as well as ads from third parties. The website of “www.vogue.com” receives over 2 million unique users per month. Complainant, its subsidiaries and licensees also operate websites in foreign countries, including France, Italy, the Russian Federation, Japan, Germany, U.K., India, China, the Republic of Korea and Portugal.
Canada Registration No. TMA561966, Registered May 14, 2002 for the trademark VOGUE for magazines, books and periodicals and for providing fashion and style information via the Internet.
On October 12, 2012, Complainant received an email from a concerned parent of a 19 year old girl being recruited by Vogue Fashion Inc. who was attempting to discover whether any relationship existed between Complainant and Respondent.
We are not using the name Vogue Magazine, the dba for this company is Vogue Fashion Models, Inc. Our attorneys advised us that there is no relation with Vogue Magazine, so there should be no issue. Our customers are aware of this. We will cease and desist from using this name until this is looked unto further and reverified. We have no desire to use this name if its in fact gives anyone the impression we are Vogue Magazine.
Respondent has registered a domain name which consists of Complainant’s identical trademarks VOGUE. Registration of the disputed domain name has caused and will continue to cause consumer confusion since “Fashion Models” are a prominent fixture in every Vogue publication. Vogue Magazine is considered synonymous with world-class fashion modeling. In view of Complainant’s worldwide reputation and publication of numerous international editions of Vogue magazine and VOGUE websites, and ownership of VOGUE trademark registrations, consumers who view the disputed domain name will instantly recognize the VOGUE brand and assume Complainant is somehow connected. Therefore, the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to Complainant’s trademarks.
Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests with respect to the disputed domain name. Complainant never granted Respondent the right to use or register the VOGUE mark or the name “Vogue Fashion Models”, either in connection with a domain name registration or a bona fide offering of goods and services or for any other reason.
Prior to its registration of the disputed domain name, Respondent had no legitimate use or right to use the Vogue brand. Moreover, Respondent does not make any valid claim to use the Vogue brand.
The facts of this case demonstrate that Respondent registered the disputed domain name for commercial gain and to trade on Complainant’s goodwill and reputation. Knowing the association Vogue Magazine has with premiere modeling, Respondent lures young, aspiring models through its use of the Vogue brand. In addition, Respondent has shown a willingness to refer to “www.vogue.com” in a fashion that suggests an affiliation. For these reasons, there is no doubt that the disputed domain name was registered in bad faith.
Respondent did not respond to Complainant’s contentions.
Because of Respondent’s default, the Panel may accept as true the reasonable factual allegations in the Complaint, and may draw appropriate inferences. Vicar Operating, Inc. v. Domains by Proxy, Inc. / Eklin Bot Systems, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2010-1141; Bjorn Kassoe Andersen v. Direction International, WIPO Case No. D2007-0605; see also paragraph 5(e) of the Rules (“If a Respondent does not submit a response, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, the Panel shall decide the dispute based upon the complaint.”).
See WIPO Overview of WIPO Panel Views on Selected UDRP Questions, Second Edition (“WIPO Overview 2.0”), paragraph 4.6.
See WIPO Overview 2.0, paragraph 4.7.
The Majority emphasizes these principles to distinguish its ruling from the Dissent, which is well reasoned and demonstrates that this case presents a difficult close question. However, in the end, the Majority concludes, that Complainant has not carried its burden.
The disputed domain name incorporates Complainant’s trademark and differs from Complainant’s registered VOGUE mark only by adding non-distinctive phrase “fashion model.” Nintendo of America Inc. v. Fernando Sascha Gutierrez, WIPO Case No. D2009-0434. Complainant satisfies paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy.
(iii) Respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
It is a complainant’s burden to prove that a respondent lacks rights or legitimate interests in a disputed domain name. National Construction Rentals, Inc. v. Toilets.com, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2009-0147. Because it is difficult to prove a negative assertion, the threshold is low. A complainant need only make a prima facie showing on this element, at which point the burden shifts to respondent to present evidence that it has some rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. WIPO Overview 2.0, paragraph 2.1. The ultimate burden of proof, however, remains with complainant. Id. Vicar Operating, Inc. v. Domains by Proxy, Inc. / Eklin Bot Systems, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2010-1141.
In view of Respondent’s default, the Panel finds that the above facts establish a prima facie showing that Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. Moreover, Respondent has not rebutted such a prima facie showing and therefore Complainant has succeeded with respect to this Policy element.
We are not using the name Vogue Magazine, the dba for this company is Vogue Fashion Models, Inc. Our attorneys advised us that there is no relation with Vogue Magazine, so there should be no issue. Our customers are aware of this. We will cease and desist from using this name until this is looked unto further and reverified. We have no desire to use this name if it’s in fact gives anyone the impression we are Vogue Magazine.
Annex H to the Complaint, page 1/3. Complainant makes no allegations that challenge or contradict Respondent’s assertion that it relied on advice of counsel when selecting its name. Complainant is silent on the point.
Evidence that a party relied on advice of counsel when registering a domain name is relevant when deciding whether the respondent acted in bad faith. The Jolt Company v. Digital Milk, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2001-0493 (“However, given the opinion of counsel and the differences in the goods and services of the parties, this does not appear to be a case of deliberate infringement. Legitimate disputes over likelihood of confusion are beyond the scope of the current Policy.[…] Thus, Complainant's remedy for infringement, should it wish to pursue it, is an action for infringement in the United States courts”.). Of course, we should not allow a respondent to avoid a finding of bad faith by simply invoking an unverified claim that it relied on advice of counsel, but neither should we dismiss evidence of such reliance without a basis for doing so, especially in the absence of pointed allegations to the contrary.
However, where a party asserts advice of counsel as a defense to bad faith, it is not too much to require at least a response to the complaint, if not supporting evidence such as a declaration or a copy of the opinion of counsel. Failing to require at least a response to the complaint and evidence (such as a sworn declaration) supporting the claim of reliance would risk enabling a respondent to improve its procedural position by defaulting, thereby avoiding any testing of the claim of reliance. Consequently, while the Majority would recognize reliance on advice of counsel as a valid defense to an allegation of bad faith registration or use, it is not willing to credit this defense on this record, where Respondent has defaulted and thereby failed to substantiate its claim of reliance on advice of counsel.
But just as we are procedurally strict with Respondent, so too must we be strict with Complainant. The Complaint here does not allege bad faith use of the disputed domain name, but instead alleges only bad faith registration1; consequently Respondent’s default triggers no adverse inferences regarding the required bad faith use element. Complainant leaves it to the Panel to search the record for evidence of bad faith use.
The Majority is frustrated in this search. There is no evidence in the record about whether or how Respondent uses the disputed domain name in association with a website2. Complainant attaches no annex with a copy of Respondent’s website to show how it is (or was) used, either before or after Complainant sent its cease and desist letter. As a result, the Panel has no direct evidence about the content of any webpage associated with the disputed domain name.
What’s more, the indirect evidence indicates that Respondent’s website, whatever its content, played no role in the instance of confusion reflected in the email exchange. The aspiring model’s email exchange that is of record recites that she was led to Respondent by virtue of a posting on a third party site at “www.exploringtalent.com” for an opportunity to audition for a modeling assignment for a Donna Karen’s winter catalogue project. There is no evidence in the record about the content of this third party site and, consequently, no evidence that it displayed the disputed domain name in any way (as a website URL or email address) or that the disputed domain name played in any role in the ingénue’s initial interest in the Donna Karen audition as it was advertised on the third party site. Indeed, quite to the contrary, the ingénue’s skeptical father, who apprised Complainant of his daughter’s communications with Respondent, reported that “They have no website. They claim Vogue.com as their website.” Annex F to the Complaint, page 5/6.
You mentioned your website, Could you please email me the link, I am not sure I am on the right one.
Vogue’s official website is vogue.com.
The Majority finds this response ambiguous. It can be construed as either supporting Complainant’s interpretation that this “suggests and affiliation” or, on the other hand, as an effort by Respondent to direct the inquiring model to the “official” Vogue site without making any claim that the link was to its own site.
Despite the ambiguity, this Majority finds that this response favors Complainant, but only slightly. Although the Majority finds that this exchange is evidence of ordinary likelihood of confusion, the Majority does not find this exchange, by itself, sufficient to support a finding of bad faith use.
As there is no express allegation of bad faith use, Complainant forces the Panel to decide on its own, without benefit of Complainant’s analysis, whether this email exchange is alone sufficient to show the required bad faith use. Although the Dissent would find bad faith use, the Majority is unwilling to do so, concluding instead that Complainant has not met its burden.
The Panel is aware of decisions holding that use of a domain name in an email address alone, without an associated webpage, may constitute bad faith use. The instant facts pale by comparison to those cases, however, because Complainant has neither alleged nor proved fraudulent misrepresentation or phishing for personal information or, for that matter, any other sort of conduct that would constitute comparable bad faith use. Compare, Smiths Group plc v. Lee Snooks, NAF Case No.FA1372112 (respondent used the disputed domain name in email address to impersonate employee and order ten mobile phones using complainant’s corporate account; also typosquating); News AustraliaPty Limited and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation v. Ron Kushner, NAF Case No. FA1446275; Anheuser-Busch, Incorporated v. Private Whois Service c/o budweiser-usa.com, NAF Case No. FA1335010) (using the disputed domain name as part of phishing scheme to collect personal information); Victoria's Secret Stores Brand Management, Inc. v. Private Whois victoriassecret-usa.com, NAF Case No. FA1415313 (“Respondent has used the domain name in question in connection with an e-mail address incorporating the domain name to send fraudulent emails, posing as a Human Resources Manager for Victoria’s Secret); Mary Kay, Inc. v. Guillermo Machado a/k/a None c/o Amarachi Joseph, NAF Case No. FA1283193 (respondent used the disputed domain names to pass itself off as complainant in order to phish for Internet users personal information through email solicitation.). The Majority would certainly be prepared to hold that bad faith use of a domain name in an email address could very well satisfy paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy, but not on this slim record, where Complainant has not affirmatively alleged bad faith email use and the record reflects a single ambiguous email exchange.
Respondent did not submit a Response to the Complaint.
This Panelist issues the following findings in accordance with paragraph 15(a) of the UDRP Rules (“A Panel shall decide a complaint on the basis of the statements and documents submitted and in accordance with the Policy, these Rules and any rules and principles of law that it deems applicable.”), and paragraph 10(d) of the UDRP Rules (“The Panel shall determine the admissibility, relevance, materiality and weight of the evidence.”).
This Panelist finds that the Domain Name <voguefashionmodels.com> is confusingly similar to Complainant’s VOGUE mark. The Domain Name contains Complainant’s VOGUE mark in its entirety, and the generic or descriptive phrase “fashion models” that relates to Complainant’s business. As Complainant noted, “‘Fashion Models’ are a prominent fixture in every Vogue publication.” See, e.g., Victoria's Secret Stores Brand Management, Inc. v. Michael Tepelboym, NAF Case No. FA1393068 (finding the domain name <victoriassecretmodels.net> confusingly similar to complainant’s VICTORIA’S SECRET mark); The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc. and NM Nevada Trust v. Unasi Management Inc., NAF Case No. FA448719 (finding the domain name <neimannmarcusfashion.com> among others confusingly similar to complainant’s NEIMANN MARCUS mark); Elite Licensing Company SA, Elite Model Management v. Sencea Brock, WIPO Case No. D2010-1747 (finding the domain name <elite-model-agency.com> confusingly similar to complainant’s ELITE mark because the addition of “two generic or descriptive terms relating to the field in which Complainants operate” does not distinguish the domain name from complainant’s mark, or prevent “[…] the likelihood of confusion in the minds of Internet users and clients of Complainants […]”).
Complainant alleged that Respondent has no legitimate rights or interest in the Domain Name. This Panelist concurs.
Neither the record nor Respondent have proved or demonstrated that Respondent “has been commonly known by the domain name” under paragraph 4(c)(ii) of the Policy. On the WhoIs record for the Domain Name, Respondent’s name is listed as Premier Models International Inc. In emails Respondent sent from the address info@voguefashionmodels.com and on the contract sent from that address, Respondent listed the trade name “Vogue Fashion Models, Inc.” Outside of Respondent’s use of the name “Vogue Fashion Models, Inc.” in connection with the Domain Name, there was no additional evidence in the record that Respondent uses that trade name. (The record did include an allegation by the model’s father that no such business name is registered in New York state, where Respondent is located, and that Respondent’s address corresponds to that of a third-party modeling agency.) In any event, Respondent’s use of the trade name “Vogue Fashion Models, Inc.” does not justify Respondent’s misappropriation of Complainant’s famous and federally registered VOGUE mark in the Domain Name. If that were the case, cybersquatters could freely use and appropriate the trademarks of others as domain names simply by also using a trade name or business name corresponding to the domain name. Both the courts and UDRP panels, however, have rejected this position. See, e.g., Eurotech, Inc. v. Cosmos European Travels AG, 2002 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13615, at pages 31-32 (E.D. Va. 2002) (holding that an alleged infringer's changing of its business name to incorporate the allegedly infringing domain name did not make it a legal name or commonly used name for purposes of determining bad faith under the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (“ACPA”). The district court stated: “If such a name change could preclude a finding of bad faith, an entity could escape the effect of the ACPA simply by registering an infringing domain name and then changing its business name to match the infringing domain name.”); CyBerCorp Holdings, Inc. v. Jay Allman, NAF Case No. FA244090 (“Respondent’s choice of a business name and domain name incorporating Complainant’s trademark was made primarily because of the notoriety of Complainant’s mark and/or with complete disregard Complainant’s trademark rights. Naming oneself with another’s trademark does not legitimatize the use of the name in a domain name. Therefore, Respondent cannot claim rights in the domain name pursuant to Policy 4(c)(ii).”).
Further, Respondent’s bald statement in its response to the cease-and-desist letter that “Our attorneys advised us that there is no relation with Vogue Magazine”, which the Majority interprets as a fact that “[Respondent] relied on advice of counsel when selecting its name”, does not demonstrate that Respondent has been commonly known by the Domain Name. See, e.g., Panavision, Inc. and Panavision International, L. P. v. Ed Meyer, d/b/a/ Panavisions Eyewear and Sunglasses, Domains by Proxy, Inc., and M.P.W., Inc. d/b/a Panavisions Eyewear and Sunglasses, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2004-0002 (“Respondent contends that it has trademark rights in PANAVISIONS and PANAVISIONS.COM. However, Respondent produces no evidence of such rights, whether in the form of registration rights or proof that the terms have acquired secondary meaning sufficient to designate Respondent as the source of particular goods and services. Absent such evidence, the Panel must disregard Respondent’s bald assertion.”); Mars UK Limited v. John Ritchie, WIPO Case No. D2002-0702 (finding no legitimate interest of respondent in the domain name <pedigreepetfoods.com> despite a letter in the record from respondent's attorney referring to a “detailed opinion from Counsel” and providing an opinion that the terms “pedigree” and “pet foods” were in their view generic).
Finally, Respondent’s agreement, in response to Complainant’s demand letter, to stop using the business name “Vogue Fashion Models, Inc.” - which is effectively identical to the Domain Name - constitutes further evidence that Respondent lacks rights in the Domain Name under paragraph 4(c)(ii) of the Policy.
Neither the record nor Respondent have proved or demonstrated that Respondent has a right or legitimate interest under paragraph 4(c)(i) or 4(c)(iii) of the Policy. Respondent has not used the Domain Name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services, or for a legitimate noncommercial or fair use. To the contrary, Respondent has used the Domain Name to negotiate a business contract with a model, and in the course of those negotiations, failed to reveal its own website in response to the model’s direct request for such information. Instead, Respondent, using the email address info@voguefashionmodels.com, pointed the model/applicant to Complainant’s “www.vogue.com” website as its own. Respondent’s actions in referencing Complainant’s website while using the email address info@voguefashionmodels.com reinforced and/or increased the suggestion of an affiliation with or sponsorship by Complainant already created by the Domain Name containing Complainant’s famous mark VOGUE long known for its fashion and modeling content. In addition, Respondent’s overtly commercial use of the Domain Name does not constitute a noncommercial or fair use of Complainant’s mark VOGUE in the Domain Name.
In short, Respondent’s use of the Domain Name to offer modeling agency services does not constitute a bona fide offering of goods or services because (a) the Domain Name is confusingly similar to Complainant’s VOGUE mark, and (b) Respondent used the Domain Name in a manner that caused a likelihood of confusion.
As discussed above, Complainant expressly alleged that Respondent registered and used the Domain Name in bad faith, and provided evidence that Respondent used the Domain Name in its email address to negotiate a business contract over the course of multiple emails. The record also shows that Respondent posted a casting call on a third-party website, and that the model/applicant responded to the casting call and the model’s interest was emailed to Respondent at info@voguefashionmodels.com. When the model asked Respondent for its website address, Respondent failed to provide it, and instead directed the model to Complainant’s “www.vogue.com” website. The model’s father subsequently contacted Vogue magazine and asked if Respondent was “part of the Vogue family.” He also stated, among other things, that “They claim to be part of your group.” Respondent has not contested Complainant’s allegations or the facts presented in its Complaint.
Based on the facts of this case, this Panelist finds that Respondent registered the Domain Name in bad faith with knowledge of Complainant’s rights in its VOGUE mark. This Panelist further finds that Respondent’s use of the confusingly similar Domain Name constitutes bad faith under paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the UDRP, because Respondent has used the Domain Name to intentionally attract, for commercial gain, Internet users by creating a likelihood of confusion with Complainant’s VOGUE mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, and/or endorsement of Respondent’s activities.
This Panelist respectfully disagrees with the Majority’s positions on bad faith as discussed in detail below.
First, the Majority holds that Complainant did not allege bad-faith use of the Domain Name. To the contrary, as noted above, Complainant expressly alleged that Respondent registered and used the Domain Name in bad faith.
Second, this Panelist believes that the Majority’s analysis does not give due consideration to Complainant’s unrebutted claims including, for example, that the VOGUE mark is famous and that Vogue magazine, published since 1892, is “one of the world’s most renowned fashion magazines” and is widely circulated; publishes information about “fashion and style,” among other topics; “‘Fashion Models’ are a prominent fixture in every Vogue publication. Inside the fashion industry and across popular culture, Vogue Magazine is considered synonymous with world-class modeling”; and, as a result, consumers viewing the Domain Name “will instantly recognize the Vogue brand and assume Complainant is somehow connected.” Accepting those allegations as true, when considering Respondent’s use of the Domain Name in connection with the fashion and modeling business, Respondent’s activities are in bad faith.
Fourth, this Panelist respectfully disagrees with the Majority’s characterization of Respondent’s response to the cease-and-desist letter as “contradicting” or “undermining” Complainant’s allegations. Respondent stated, “Our attorneys advised us that there is no relation with Vogue Magazine, so there should be no issue.” As noted above in this Panelist’s discussion on right or legitimate interest, the Majority interprets this sentence as a fact that “[Respondent] relied on advice of counsel when selecting its name.” However, (a) the quoted statement is simply a factual declaration that Respondent has no relation to Vogue Magazine, not a legal opinion, (b) Respondent did not state that the advice it allegedly received related to Respondent’s selection of the trade name or the Domain Name, (c) there is no evidence that this alleged advice of counsel preceded Complainant’s cease-and-desist letter, (d) Respondent did not identify the counsel or provide a copy of counsel’s opinion or advice (if there was such advice), and (e) Complainant’s inclusion of Respondent’s email containing a factual statement attributed to its counsel does not make it a verified allegation of Respondent, which defaulted.
In its opinion, the Majority states, “Evidence that a party relied on advice of counsel when registering a domain name is relevant when deciding whether Respondent acted in bad faith,” citing The Jolt Company v. Digital Milk, Inc., WIPO Case No. D2001-0493 (“However, given the opinion of counsel and the differences in the goods and services of the parties, this does not appear to be a case of deliberate infringement. Legitimate disputes over likelihood of confusion are beyond the scope of the current Policy. […] Thus, Complainant's remedy for infringement, should it wish to pursue it, is an action for infringement in the United States courts.”). The Jolt decision, however, is inapposite because the panel in that case denied the complaint based on the respondent’s presentation of “sufficient evidence to show ‘demonstrable preparations to use [the Domain Names] in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services’” and did not reach a finding on bad faith. Here, Respondent presented no evidence of such demonstrable preparations to use the Domain Name for a bona fide offering of services. Nor does the record does not contain any evidence that Respondent uses the Domain Name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services.
Finally, this Panelist respectfully disagrees with the Majority’s position that Respondent’s lack of a website associated with the Domain Name controls or has a material bearing on whether Respondent used the Domain Name in bad faith given Respondent’s other activities detailed above. Regardless of whether Respondent used the Domain Name for a website, use of the Domain Name for an email address alone can constitute bad-faith use. There is no requirement under the UDRP that a disputed domain name must be used for a website to be used in bad faith. Complainant has alleged and shown that Respondent used the Domain Name for email, and in doing so, created a likelihood of confusion with Complainant’s VOGUE mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, and/or endorsement of Respondent’s commercial activities. These facts meet the plain requirements of establishing bad faith under paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy.
The Majority instead appears to impose a higher burden on Complainant. Specifically, in attempting to distinguish this case from prior decisions finding bad faith based on use of a domain name in email addresses, the Majority states: “The instant facts pale by comparison to those cases, however, because Complainant has neither alleged nor proved fraudulent misrepresentation or phishing for personal information or, for that matter, any other sort of conduct that would constitute comparable bad faith use.” Thus, in the Majority’s view, it appears that use of a domain name in email addresses that creates a likelihood of confusion is not enough for Complainant to prevail, and Complainant must also prove phishing or fraud. This Panelist respectfully disagrees. In any event if such conduct was required, this Panelist further submits that Respondent’s actions here in identifying Complainant’s website as its own are highly deceptive and analogous to phishing and fraud.
Further, the Majority does cite and acknowledge prior UDRP decisions involving bad-faith use of a domain name used for email, but this Panelist finds its efforts to distinguish those cases based on differences between the facts of those cases and the instant case unpersuasive. As shown below, four of those decisions were based on commercial attempts to benefit from a likelihood of confusion (paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy), which is the case here, and one was based on a general finding of bad faith.
Accordingly, the decisions in Smiths, News Australia Pty Limited, Victoria's Secret, and Mary Kay support, rather than undermine, a finding that Respondent’s use of the Domain Name for email and to create a likelihood of confusion constitutes bad faith.
Like the above-discussed decisions, the Anheuser-Busch decision also supports a finding of bad faith in this case. Here, Respondent used the Domain Name to negotiate a modeling contract that granted Respondent rights to post photographs of the model on “any Company websites,” which Respondent failed to disclose in response to the model’s request. Instead, Respondent directed the model to Complainant’s “www.vogue.com” website. The model’s father then asked Vogue magazine if Respondent was “part of Vogue,” and stated, “They claim to be part of your group.” For purposes of the UDRP, this Panelist believes that Respondent’s bad-faith activities are just as actionable as the phishing cases.
For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, this Panelist would order that the Domain Name <voguefashionmodels.com > be transferred to Complainant.
1 The Dissent disagrees and asserts that Complainant did allege bad faith use. The Dissent refers to paragraph 11 of the Complaint, where Complainant asserts that Respondent is required to submit to a mandatory administrative proceeding because all three elements of the Policy are met, including “the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith”. Respectfully, in the Majority’s view, this conclusory jurisdictional recitation of the Policy does not substitute for factual allegations of bad faith use. The relevant allegations are in paragraph 29 of the Complaint, which omits any allegations of bad faith use of the disputed domain name.
2 Contrary to the Dissent’s characterization, the Majority does not hold that the UDRP only applies to use of a domain name in conjunction with a website. The Majority fully recognizes that use of a domain name in association with email may violate the Policy.

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