Source: https://taxcaselaw.com/income_tax_case_laws/section-11/delhi-h-c-the-explanation-after-section-112-is-applicable-in-respect-of-the-accumulation-up-to-fifteen-per-cent-referred-to-in-section-111a-also-as-distinct-from-the-accumulation-out-of-eight/
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 18:59:27+00:00

Document:
Badar Durrez Ahmed And Rajiv Sahai Endlaw, JJ.
Rajiv Sahai Endlaw, J. – This appeal has been preferred against the order dated 27-2-2009 of the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (‘ITAT’) dismissing the appeal of the revenue against the order dated 18-6-2007 of the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) [‘CIT(A)’] allowing the appeal of the assessee against the order dated 23-3-2006 of the Income-tax Officer (‘ITO’) assessing the income of the assessee, a Trust duly registered under section 12AA and duly recognised under section 80G(5)(vi) of the Income- tax Act, 1961 for the assessment year 2003-04 at Rs. 31,38,840 and initiating penalty proceedings against the assessee for furnishing inaccurate particulars of its income.
2. The assessee for the relevant year filed return declaring ‘Nil’ income. The case though processed under section 143(1) was selected for scrutiny. The assessee had shown the gross total income for the relevant year as Rs. 6,92,453 and deducted therefrom the amount applied for charitable purposes to the extent of Rs. 27,28,001. The assessee had made application of income by donation of Rs. 26,66,000 comprising of donation of Rs. 25 lakhs to BLB Trust as corpus donation and Rs. 1,66,000 to others. The source of the balance amount over and above the income of Rs. 6,92,453 was from FDR encashment, MIP units and MIP-97 encashment which was the accumulation of income of the past and encashment made out of these accumulations/funds.
3. The ITO found that that donation of Rs. 25 lakhs as corpus donation to BLB Trust was not from current year’s income but out of accumulations from the income of earlier years. The ITO, being of the opinion that owing to the Explanation appended to section 11(2) with effect from the assessment year 2003-04, any donation made out of income accumulation or set apart during the period of accumulation or thereafter to any trust or institution registered under section 12AA, as BLB Trust was, was liable to be added in the income of the donor trust, accordingly, computed the income as aforesaid of the assessee.
4. It was inter alia the contention of the assessee before the CIT(A) that the ITO should in any case have given credit of Rs. 6,92,453 being the income of the current year. The CIT(A) found merit in the said contention. It was also the contention of the assessee before the CIT(A) that the Explanation appended to section 11(2) was not applicable in the facts of the case because the donation to BLB Trust was not out of the accumulations within the meaning of section 11(1)(a) but out of the free reserves. The CIT(A) accepted the said contention of the assessee and held the donation by the assessee of Rs. 26,66,000 aforesaid including the donation of Rs. 25 lakhs to BLB Trust to have been made out of excess of income over expenditure and not out of amount accumulated under section 11(1)(a) of the Act. The appeal was accordingly, allowed and the assessee was held to have not violated the provisions of section 11(1)(a) or 11(2)(a) of the Act.
5. The ITAT affirmed the order of the CIT(A) and held that the revenue has not been able to make out any case to controvert or rebut the finding of the CIT(A) of the donation in question having been made by the assessee out of free reserves and income for the year under consideration and not out of accumulations.
Thus, the income applied for charitable purposes is not to be included in the total income for the relevant year. A Division Bench of this Court, of which one of us was a member, in CIT v. Shri Ram Memorial Foundation  269 ITR 351 has held that when a donor trust which is itself a charitable and religious trust donates its income to another trust, the provisions of section 11(1)(a) can be said to have been met by such donor trust and the donor trust can be said to have applied its income for religious and charitable purposes, notwithstanding the fact that the donation is subjected to a condition that the donee trust will treat the donation as towards its corpus and can only utilize the accruing income from the donated corpus for religious and charitable purposes. From the same, it follows that if the assessee trust either itself uses any part of its income for charitable purposes or donates the same to any other charitable trust, such income is exempt from inclusion in the total income of the assessee trust for the relevant year. The emphasis is on utilizing the income in the relevant year and accumulation is permitted only to a maximum extent of 15 per cent. As long as such accumulation is not more than 15 per cent, such accumulation is also exempt from inclusion in the total income. However, if more than 15 per cent of the income is accumulated, under section 11(1)(a) the same would not be exempt from inclusion in the total income for the relevant year.
9. What follows is that the amount accumulated cannot be donated to another trust. However, the said Explanation does not place a total embargo on donations by one trust to another. It does not prohibit the trust from donating its entire income in a relevant year to another trust, as is the law as noticed in the Division Bench judgment in Shri Ram Memorial Foundation’s case (supra). The embargo is only on the income of the trust not applied in the relevant year but accumulated or set apart being donated to another trust. The question which arises is whether such prohibition/embargo is only on the accumulations in excess of 15 per cent with which section 11(2) deals or extends even to accumulation to the extent of 15 per cent under section 11(1)(a).
10. Ordinarily, the “Explanation” having been appended to section 11(2), is intended to explain section 11(2) only and not section 11(1). There is nothing to indicate that the Explanation though placed after sub-section (2) is intended to explain section 11(1)(a) also. The Finance Act, 2002 vide which the said Explanation was added and/or the objects and reasons thereto do not throw any light as to the reason or purpose of the said Explanation or that the same is/was intended to apply even to accumulation to the extent of 15 per cent under section 11(1)(a).
11. The Supreme Court in M.P.V. Sundararamier & Co. v. State of Andhra Pradesh AIR 1958 SC 468 and in Mohan Lal Hargovind Das v. State of MP AIR 1967 SC 1022 held that the context and setting of the enactment governs the scope of the ‘Explanation’. In M.K. Salpekar v. Sunil Kumar Shamsunder Chaudhari AIR 1988 SC 1814, the scope of the ” Explanation” was construed again in the light of the scheme of the enactment. In Patel Roadways Ltd. v. Prasad Trading Co. AIR 1992 SC 1514, the question was whether the Explanation to section 20 of the CPC was to clause (a) only. The Supreme Court decided, taking into consideration the circumstances and the history of the Legislation. The Supreme Court in CAIT v. Plantation Corpn. of Kerala Ltd.  247 ITR 155 1 was concerned with whether the “Explanation” at the bottom of section 5 of the Agricultural Income-tax Act applied to the entire section or to only one of the clauses thereof. It was held that an Explanation below a particular clause/sub-section is intended to be an Explanation to that specific or particular clause/sub-section but when at the bottom of the section, is generally meant to explain the entire section.
13. It was held that the exemption under section 11(1)(a) (then to the extent of 25 per cent and which was reduced to 15 per cent, also by the Finance Act, 2002) is unfettered and not subject to any conditions and is an absolute exemption. It was further held that if the conditions contained in section 11(2) are read as applicable to the exemption of up to 15 per cent under section 11(1)(a) also, then what is an absolute and unfettered exemption of accumulated income guaranteed by section 11(1)(a) would become a restricted exemption as laid down in section 11(2). Section 11(2) was held to not operate to whittle down or to cut across the exemption provision contained in section 11(1)(a). In this regard, it was further noticed that section 11(2) does not contain any non obstante clause like “notwithstanding the provisions of the sub-section (1)”. Consequently, it was held that after section 11(1)(a) has had full play and still if any accumulated income of the previous year is left to be dealt with and to be considered for the purpose of income exemption, sub-section (2) of section 11 can be pressed in service and if it is complied with then such additional accumulated income beyond 15 per cent (then 25 per cent) can also earn exemption from income-tax on compliance of the conditions laid down by section 11(2). Section 11(2) while enlarging the scope of exemption by removing the restriction imposed by section 11(1)(a) was held not to take away the exemption allowed by section 11(1)(a).
14. The same view was followed in S.RM.M.CT.M. Tiruppani Trust v. CIT  230 ITR 6362 (SC).
15. The “Explanation” appended after section 11(2) is nothing but an additional condition attached to accumulation in excess of 15 per cent permitted under section 11(2). We are unable to hold it as a condition on accumulation up to 15 per cent as provided for in section 11(1)(a) also. We are unable to find any rational classification for imposing the restriction as contained in the “Explanation” to the accumulation of up to 15 per cent also when there is no such restriction to donating the entire income of a year to another charitable trust. If the Legislature intended to completely ban/discourage inter se donation between trusts, it would have changed the position as existing in law as noticed in the Division Bench judgment of this Court in Shri Ram Memorial Foundation’s case (supra). The Legislature did not do so. Even after the insertion of the ‘Explanation’, if a trust donates its entire income for a year to another charitable trust, it would still be entitled to exemption under section 11(1)(a). It defies logic as to why such donations cannot be permitted out of 15 per cent accumulation permitted under section 11(1)(a) itself. There is, however, rationale for imposing the restriction as contained in the “Explanation” (supra) to accumulations in excess of 15 per cent. Such accumulations, but for the conditions imposed in section 11(2) and in the Explanation aforesaid, would have been eligible to be taxed. One of the conditions in section 11(2)(a) is that the purpose for which accumulation in excess of 15 per cent is being made is to be notified; another condition is of the accumulation being permitted for a period not exceeding 10 years; yet another condition is as to the modes in which the accumulation can be invested. There are no such restrictions on accumulation under section 11(1)(a). The scheme of the section indicates that the additional condition by way of the aforesaid “Explanation” is also intended to apply only to accumulations in excess of 15 per cent under section 11(2) and not to accumulations up to 15 per cent under section 11(1)(a). The Explanation is not found to be intended to take away something from the accumulation up to 15 per cent permitted without any conditions whatsoever under section 11(1)(a).
16. The question of law framed is answered accordingly.
17. It also follows that even if the donations by the assessee herein were to be out of accumulations from previous years’ and not out of surplus reserves, the same would still not be liable to be included in the total income as assessed by the Income-tax Officer and the order of CIT and ITAT would still be upheld. It is nobody’s case that the said accumulations were beyond the accumulation of 15 per cent permitted in section 11(1)(a).
This entry was posted in Section 11 and tagged 344 ITR, Charitable or religious trust, Delhi High Court, In favour of Assessee.

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