Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/269/49/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 10:26:08+00:00

Document:
shall have the powers and jurisdiction conferred in the Code upon a circuit judge in his Circuit. P. 269 U. S. 53.
2. Jud.Code § 201 gives the Chief Justice full discretion, without further designation by any other judge under § 18, as amended Sept. 14, 1922, to vest in a commerce court circuit judge full authority to act as judge of the district curt specified in the designation. Id.
Appeal from a judgment of the district court in a habeas corpus proceeding remanding the appellant to custody. See also 296 F. 843; 265 U.S. 585. The case is decided on a motion to dismiss or affirm.
This is an appeal from a judgment in a habeas corpus case remanding the petitioner. It is brought under § 238 of the Judicial Code on the ground that it involves the construction or application of the Constitution of the United States.
"The senior Circuit Judge of the Fifth Circuit having certified that, on account of the accumulation and urgency of business in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, it would be a great public advantage if you could be assigned to service in said district court, and your consent in writing to be designated and appointed to serve in said district court having been duly signed and exhibited to me: Now therefore pursuant to the authority vested in me by § 201 of the Judicial Code of the United States as amended by the acts of Congress approved October 22, 1913, I do hereby designate and assign you for service in the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Florida, during the period commencing January 20, 1923, and ending March 31, 1923, and for such further time as may be required to complete unfinished business."
"Dated January 11, 1923, Washington, D.C."
It is said that this designation was without authority of law, and therefore that the proceeding in the district court against the petitioner was coram non judice, and his conviction and present custody in pursuance thereof is without due process of law, in violation of the Fifth Amendment.
"If at any time, the business of the Commerce Court does not require the services of all the judges, the Chief Justice of the United States may, by writing, signed by him and filed in the Department of Justice, terminate the assignment of any of the judge or temporarily assign him for service in any circuit court or circuit court of appeals."
"Sec. 291. Wherever, in any law not embraced within this Act, any reference is made to or any power or duty is conferred or imposed upon the circuit courts, such reference shall, upon the taking effect of this Act, be deemed and held to refer to and to confer such power and impose such duty upon the district courts."
"Sec. 292. Wherever, in any law not contained within this Act, a reference is made to any law revised or embraced herein, such reference, upon the taking effect hereof, shall be construed to refer to the section of this Act into which has been carried or revised the provision of law to which reference is so made."
time to time shall be designated and assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States for service in the district court of any district, or the circuit court of appeals for any circuit, or in the Commerce Court, and when so designated and assigned for service in a district court or circuit court of appeals, shall have the powers and jurisdiction in this Act conferred upon a circuit judge in his circuit."
"Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to affect the tenure of any of the judges now acting as circuit judges by appointment under the terms of said Act, but such judges shall continue to act under assignment, as in the said Act provided, as judges of the district courts and circuit courts of appeals."
The contention is, first, that §§ 200 to 206 of the Judicial Code, which incorporated the provisions of the Act establishing the Commerce Court, were necessarily repealed by the Act of October 22, 1913, taking effect December 31, 1913. In view of the saving clause of that Act, we think this view quite untenable, and that § 201 was entirely saved in its application.
"Section 5. The Chief Justice of the United States, or the circuit justice of any judicial circuit, or the senior circuit judge thereof, may, if the public interest requires, designate and assign any circuit judge of a judicial circuit to hold a district court within such circuit."
The reference to the Chief Justice, it is said, is to him only as a circuit justice in the circuit to which he is allocated by order of the court, and that at the time was the Fourth Circuit, not the Fifth. It is urged therefore that, after the Chief Justice had under § 201 assigned this former Commerce Court circuit judge to the Fifth Circuit, it was, in addition, necessary that the Circuit Justice of the Fifth Circuit, or the senior circuit judge of that circuit, should then assign him as a pro tempore circuit judge of the Fifth Circuit to the particular district court of that circuit in which he was to exercise the duties of a district judge. We think such reasoning is making complex a very simple statute, and going out of the way to create confusion. Section 201 gives to the Chief Justice full discretion, without further designation by any other judge, to vest in a Commerce Court circuit judge full authority directly to act as judge either in a particular district court or in the circuit court of appeals of any circuit, and the designation of Judge Mack in this case was ample for the purpose. We thus do not think it necessary to consider whether, even if the designation had not been valid, the sitting judge should be regarded as a judge de facto, whose authority could not be questioned in a collateral attack like a proceeding in habeas corpus.
Constitution such that, if the construction contended for were correct, and the judge were sitting without warrant, the trial would be without due process of law. We have assumed that for the purposes of the decision, and also that the question could be raised on habeas corpus.

References: § 201
 § 18
 § 238
 § 201
 § 201
 § 201