Source: https://www.lco-cdo.org/en/our-current-projects/joint-several-liability/joint-and-several-liability-final-report-february-2011/endnotes-31/
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 23:55:17+00:00

Document:
Ontario Business Corporation Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16 [OBCA].
 OBCA, note 1, s.1(1), definition of “offering corporation”.
 OBCA, note 1, ss. 148, 149(1).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 149(1).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 111.
 OBCA, note 1, s. 112.
 OBCA, note 1, s. 115(2).
 OBCA, note 1, Part XV.
 OBCA, note 1, s. 115(1).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 134(1).
 BCE Inc. v. 1976 Debentureholders, 2008 SCC 69,  3 S.C.R. 560.
 OBCA, note 1, s. 134(2).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 134(3).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 136.
 OBCA, note 1, s. 119(4).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 116(2).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 154(1).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 168(1).
 OBCA, note 1, s. 92(1); the common law allows courts to “pierce the corporate veil” in order to access shareholders’ personal assets in very limited cases that are outside the scope of this Report.
 Law Commission of Ontario, “Joint and Several Liability Consultation Paper – April 2010” Available online: <http://www.lco-cdo.org/en/joint-several-liability-consultation-paper>.
 Negligence Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. N.1.
 The Ontario Trial Lawyers Association [OTLA] Submission at 2 (on file with the LCO).
 William Sasso of Sutts, Strosberg LLP Submission at 1-2 (on file with the LCO); British Columbia Investment Management Corporation [bcIMC] Submission at 2-3 (on file with the LCO); The Advocates’ Society Submission at 6-7 (on file with the LCO).
 bcIMC Submission, note 29 at 2.
 David Debenham, “One Percent at Fault, One Hundred Percent Liable to Pay: A Look at Accountants” Solidary Liability in Canada” 8:3 (2010) Commercial Law Review 1.
 Solicitors Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.15.
 Solicitors Act, note 32, s. 22.
 CBCA, note 25, s. 237.3(1).
 CBCA, note 25, s. 237.1, definition of “financial loss”.
 CBCA, note 25, s. 237.4(1).
 CBCA, note 25, s. 237.3(4).
 CBCA, note 25, ss. 237.2(2), 237.5(1)(b); Canada Business Corporations Act Regulations, 2001 (SOR/2001-512), s. 95.
 CBCA, note 25, s. 237.6(1).
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 9-10.
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 10.
 bcIMC Submission, note 29, at 1.
 OSA, note 5, s. 130(8).
 OSA, note 5, s. 138.3.
 OSA, note 5, s. 138.5.
 OSA, note 5, s. 138.1, definition of “liability limit”.
 OSA, note 5, s. 138.1.
 OSA, note 5, s. 138.6(2).
 The Advocates’ Society Submission, note 29 at 9.
 The Advocates’ Society Submission, note 29 at 10.
 Siskinds LLP Submission at 3 (on file with the LCO).
 Siskinds LLP Submission, note 52.
 Alberta Law Reform Commission, Contributory Negligence and Concurrent Wrongdoers, 1979.
 Uniform Law Conference of Canada, Consolidation of Uniform Acts, 1985.
 British Columbia Law Reform Commission, Report on Shared Liability, 1988.
 Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Contribution Among Wrongdoers, 1988.
 Ontario Ministry of Financial Institutions, Final Report of the Ontario Task Force on Insurance, 1986.
 Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan, The In Solidum Doctrine and Contributory Negligence, 1998.
 Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce, Joint and Several Liability and Professional Defendants, 1998.
 Law Reform Commission of Saskatchewan, note 59.
 Pub. L. No. 104-67, 109 Stat. (1995) [PSLRA]. The Act became law on December 22, 1995 when Congress overrode the then-President’s veto.
 Standing Senate Committee, note 60 at 18.
 U.K. Department of Trade and Industry, Professional Liability: Report of the Study Teams.
 Companies Act 2006, c.46, ss. 534-538.
 Companies Act 2006, note 70, s. 507.
 Companies Act 2006, note 70, s. 493.
 Companies Act 2006, note 70, s. 503.
 Companies Act 2006, note 70. s. 519(3).
 Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario [ICAO] Submission at 13 (on file with the LCO).
 Richard Snyder Submission (on file with the LCO).
 ICAO Submission, note 75; The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario, “The Legal Environment: Frequently Asked Questions” online: <http://www.casforchange.ca/LE/index.aspx#faq7> [The Legal Environment].
 See, e.g., the submission of defence counsel The Advocates Society, note 29 at 17.
 Richard Hardingham Submission (on file with the LCO).
 Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario Submission to the Federal Competition Policy Review Panel, “Appendix A: An Issue for Bay Street and Main Street”, online: <http://www.icao.on.ca/Public/LiabilityReform/CompPolicy/1009page8343.pdf>.
 Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario Submission to the Federal Competition Policy Review Panel, “Appendix G: How Big is the Problem?”, online: <http://www.icao.on.ca/Public/LiabilityReform/CompPolicy/1009page8349.pdf>.
 ICAO, “The Legal Environment”, note 77.
 ICAO Submission, note 75 at 14.
 J. Rob Collins, Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP Submission, on behalf of the ICAO and large accounting firms (on file with the LCO).
 Richard Hardingham Submission, note 79.
 ICAO Submission, note 75 at 22-23.
 Ontario Society of Professional Engineers [OSPE] Submission (on file with the LCO).
 The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario, “Ontario Needs a Legal Liability Framework that Contributes to Prosperity” The Globe and Mail (25 March 2008), online: <http://www.casforchange.ca/LE/documents/Page3.pdf>.
 ICAO Submission. note 75 at 11-12.
 ICAO Submission, note 75 at 12.
 The Association of Municipalities of Ontario [AMO] Submission at 1, 3 (on file with the LCO).
 Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce. Joint and Several Liability and Professional Defendants: Options Discussion Paper (October 1997) at 36.
 ICAO Submission, note 75 at 34.
 ICAO Submission, note 75 at 15.
 Sasso Submission, note 29 at 3.
 Hercules Managements Ltd. v. Ernst & Young,  2 S.C.R. 165 [“Hercules”].
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 20-21.
 Ontario Bar Association [OBA] Submission at 6 (on file with the LCO); Accountability Research Corporation Submission at 2 (on file with the LCO).
 See generally, bcIMC Submission, note 29.
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 13-14.
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 17; Knutsen Submission at 3 (on file with the LCO).
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 11-12.
 Siskinds LLP Submission , note 52, at 2.
 OBA Submission, note 105 at 7.
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 11, quoting Debenham.
 Richard Hardingham Submission, note 79; See generally, ICAO Submission, note 75; for counterpoints, see OTLA Submission, note 28 at 16 and Knutsen Submission, note 109.
 OTLA Submission, note 28 at 17.
 See generally, OTLA Submission, note 28.
 Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce, note 98 at 36.
 Wayne Gray Submission at 3 (on file with the LCO).
 Lawrence A. Cunningham, “Securitizing Audit Failure” 49 William & Mary Law Review 3 (2007) 14.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 20; also see Collins Submission, note 88 at 1-2.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 25.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 27.
 See generally, Cunningham, note 122.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 34.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 35.
 Cunningham, note 122 at 38.
 Kamloops (City of) v. Nielsen,  2 S.C.R. 2 [“Kamloops”].
 Hercules, note 103 at para. 20.
 Hercules, note 103, at paras. 33-35.
 OBA Submission, note 105 at 6; Hercules, note 103 at para. 37.
 Hercules, note 103 at para. 32.
 Hercules, note 103, at para. 36.
 For a more detailed analysis of this area, see, e.g., Snell v. Farrell,  2 S.C.R. 311; Athey v. Leonati,  3 S.C.R. 458; Resurfice Corp. v. Hanke,  1 S.C.R. 333.
 Final Report of the Ontario Task Force on Insurance (1986) at 12.

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