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NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 10 (1): 138-142 Article No.
Abstract. The early Upper Miocene (Sarmatian: Bessarabian) deposits of the Bârnova Formation exposed on the Moldavian Platform at Bozieni (Neamţ District) yielded a mandible fragment assigned to a juvenile specimen of the acerathere Aceratherium incisivum. The Bârnova Formation corresponds to the first appearance of this rhinoceros species in Romania (MN 9 unit), being also the most basal lithostratigraphic unit where the “Hipparion Datum” in our country is documented. This specimen is the first juvenile reported in Romania and belongs to an early evolutionary stage of this species, in Early Vallesian. A discussion about the localities where this acerathere is mentioned in Romania is presented. Key words: Perissodactyla, acerathere, Middle Sarmatian, Moldavian Platform, Romania.
1848 Family Rhinocerotidae Gill. 1885 Tribe Aceratherini Dollo.The early Upper Miocene Aceratherium incisivum from Moldavian Platform. marking the “Hipparion Datum”. than reinforced by a professional polymer (mowillite). Before the definitive burial. 1872 Subfamily Aceratheriinae Dollo. 1: lingual view. The Bârnova Formation is the most basal appearance of the hipparions in Moldova and Romania. 3: occlusal view. The next molar was in full eruption. I. 8 lens and processed in Photoshop to sharpen the bone texture and also to create the accompanying line drawings. and Fortelius (1990). the first hipparions reached this region as result of the uplift of the Volhynian land (Popov et al. 1832 Plate I. In laboratory. Fig. Aceratherium incisivum. but not in wearing. the mandible branch was broken in the diastema area. 1832 Aceratherium incisivum Kaup. Romania 139 bed at the base of the Bohotin (Iaşi District) outcrop. m1-m2 and unerupted p3 (AICUPM 3064). Figure 1. Methods The fossil (AICUPM 3064) is at the Museum of Paleontology of the “Al. Results Systematic paleontology Order Perissodactyla Owen. Lithostratigraphic log at Bozieni. Bozieni (Moldavian Platform). Figure 3. they did not determine precisely the stratigraphic position of the fossil. left mandible with d2-d4. Cuza” University Iaşi. The terminology and measurements follow Guérin (1980). Therefore. Fig. Photographs of the studied specimen were taken with a Canon EOS 500D camera and an 50mm fl. All the . m1-m2 and unerupted p3 (AICUPM 3064). Figs. All the premolars were still nested inside the corpus mandibulae when the animal died. it was unearthed by usual digging and didn’t need revetment by plaster jacket. The mandible fragment belongs to a juvenile. the bone was cleaned by the adherent sand. Middle Sarmatian (Late Bessarabian). 1885 Genus Aceratherium Kaup. 2004). Fig. missing d1. Probably. Heissig (1975). The acerathere find level indicated by arrow. 1-3 Material: fragment of left mandible with d2-d4. The m1 was already in wearing from the definitive cheek teeth but only at an incipient stage. Plate I. As the bone is small. Figure 2. 2: buccal view. Location of the Upper Miocene (Sarmatian: Late Bessarabian) vertebrate locality Bozieni (Neamţ District).
Another examples include fossils from Fundu Văii-Ruseni-Plopana (Bacău District. a character mentioned for A. the few features still visible are in accordance with the ones described for Turk. height of mandible between m1/m2 = 70. with d2-d4 series. A continuous cingulum can be noticed on buccal side. The morphology of the definitive cheek teeth noticeable in our specimen is in accordance with the one outlined by Guérin (1980).G. Older reports of A. Therefore. The d4 is more preserved then the first two milk teeth. it is not obstructing this opening. The hypsodonty index value is 94. the size differences are obvious: Alicornops simorrense (Lartet 1851) has shorter lower teeth and still has the d1 (Guérin 1980). Table 1. On the opposite. d2 d3 d4 p3 m1 BL 32 36 38.0. The d1 was not present in the tooth row. 1980). Muncelu Member (Late Bes- . incisivum known from Romania (Codrea 2000). Both are devoid of lingual cingula. while d3 is rectangular. All teeth breath values (Table 1) are smaller than initially due to the enamel damage already mentioned. as is the case of our specimen.buccal length. Ţabără & Cojocaru (2001) reported a proximal fragment of a (?!) radius of (?) A. as well as the alveolar capsule once nesting p3. see also Codrea 2000) that could belong instead to a Meotian rhinoceros. A bone rupture begins on the lower border under m1 on the lingual side of the corpus mandibulae and is obliquely ascending before d2. Turkey) consisting of a mandible fragment (p. Teeth measurements in Bozieni A.140 buccal walls of the cheek teeth are devoid of their enamel. a similar fossil was reported (Kaya & Heissig 2001) from Çorlu-Yulafli (Thrace. Therefore.5 45 MB 12.2 LL 30. now lost.4 16. The m2 was at an incipient stage of eruption. Abbreviations: BL . incisivum collected from the Şcheia Formation.5 35. In the Late Bessarabian of Draxeni (Vaslui District). Mesurements (in mm): length of the mandible fragment = 300.5 23 DB 15 17 20. The unerupted p3 and p4 are visible.4 (Hy = 100 x H/L.0. the mesial wall of the tooth came in a limited contact with the distal enamel of m1. Răţoi Discussion This is the first juvenile of A. incisivum from Moldova based on a rather superficial analysis of characters may be in error.1. The m3 was removed from its alveolar capsule.lingual length. The transverse valleys of the first molar are similar to that of d4. and Acerorhinus zernowi (Borissiak 1914) can be distinguish both by its size and the presence of a large d1 (Kaya & Heissig 2001). cf. 461. The first two milk teeth are extremely worn and the dental morphology is rather unnoticeable.7 36. Hy = 81. see also Codrea 2000) is based on few characters.3 38 37.5 V. incisivum. Dihoplus pikermiensis (Toula 1906) is bigger (Geraads & Spassov 2009). while d4 is somewhat bigger in our specimen. as a prolongation of the mesial one. incisivum is often reported from various Miocene localities of the Moldova region in Romania.buccal height. the bone is broken at the level of the alveolar capsule once bearing the unerupted m3. an isolated enamel small column is obstructing the opening in the rear transverse valley. extremely close in length to the one in our specimen. or the ones from the Bessarabian of Iaşi (Macarovici 1978).distal breadth. The surface of the occlusion has the same outline as in d3. Even though the milk teeth morphology of our specimen is poorly preserved and damaged by the advanced wear. species assignation for the material from Aroneanu-Iaşi (Sevastos 1903.7 BH 35.4 19. LL . transverse diameter in same area = 40. However.8 44. or to the action of fluids flowing after into the rocks. we used data from specimens found elsewhere for comparisons. A. Compared to other coeval Miocene species. Codrea & B. probably due either to a too long weathering. Guérin. Sevastos 1922. Fig. towards the opening of the anterior transverse valley. The d2 has an elongated triangular outline in crown view. Since this cingulum is located considerably low on the crown. The sizes of the first two milk teeth are very similar. Rear. Codrea & Ursachi (2007) reported a p3 in a more wearing advanced stage. DB . the ones of Giurcani or Zorleni (Vaslui District) with a poor stratigraphy (Macarovici 1938. Taxonomy based on fragmentary mandibles is uncertain especially for juveniles.0. both “U” shaped in their transverse sections. incisivum by Guérin (1980).2 25.The d2 has wrinkled enamel on the anterior-lingual side. transverse diameter at m1/d4 = 35. As in our specimen that mandible is devoid of d1. A cingulum occurs buccally. but also from the inner Carpathian area.0. 1960). BH . the two transverse valleys being distinguishable.5 37. 4/2).A. For example. MB mesial breadth.
in a temperate wet climate is recorded in the Bessarabian-Kersonian in the Comăneşti Basin (Ţabără & Chirilă 2011). ..The early Upper Miocene Aceratherium incisivum from Moldavian Platform.R. since it was reported on better arguments at Draxeni (Codrea & Ursachi 2007) in association with Testudinidae indet.l. under the responsibility of the Managing Authority for the Sector Operational Program for Human Resources Development 2007-2013 [grant POSDRU/107/1. Heissig 1999) this acerathere is recorded in MN9-MN13 units. Ed. near Sebeş town (Alba District. The first occurrence of this acerathere is there recorded in the Middle Bessarabian in localities such as Otovasca 1. a rather wooded environment with swampy tendencies and scarce open areas.Chişinău. 1993 and Codrea 2000). Pannonian s. Codrea 2000).). (1994): Sur quelques restes de rhinocéros d’âge sarmatien du Bassin de Comăneşti (Carpates Orientales. pp. such as Ciobruciu and Taraclia. incisivum occurred in Romania at least from the Middle Sarmatian (Late Bessarabian.s. 1960. Cerdeño 1998. in Kretzoi 1982) could be in fact an Acerorhinus. Accordingly. MN 9) and until the Meotian (MN 912). Bujor 1 etc. In this context. A. Prothero et al. Calfa. pikermiensis (= Dicerorhinus orientalis Schlosser. Lungu 2008. A. Stan 1963. However.. Şcheia (formerly related to “Chilotherium zernowi” by Trelea & Simionescu 1985. Hippotherium sp. but also in the Meotian. 2006 and Geraads & Spassov 2009) and in Meotian at Bacău. Mileştii Mici. On the other hand. Romania. Some assignments to A. as well as the one near the Kersonian/ Meoţian boundary at Reghiu-Scruntar (Vrancea District. This assignment seems to be in error. 1941. 2005. being known also from other European regions as in the Iberian areas (Cerdeño & Nieto 1995). 1995) or in Meotian (MN 10) at Bacău (Rădulescu & Şova 1987). 2003. 111-118 In: The Miocene from the Transylvanian Basin-Romania (E. There is no clear evidence for the species survival until MN 13 (Pontian). Téglas 1886) or Vinga (Arad District. Romania 141 sarabian). We thank Cristina Fărcaş. Breila. 1958. 1832. Apostol 1966). Cluj-Napoca.) deposits. since the bone is clearly not a radius. In other European areas (Kaya & Heissig 2001. not only from a systematic point of view. Mureş District. Pannonian s. Guérin (1980) specified for this species preferences related to “dominating wooded biotopes interrupted by extended grassy spaces with palustrine and lacustrine tendencies. Lungu & Kowalska 2011). or MN 10 according Spassov et al. in a warm and wet climate”. 1943. Rădulescu et al. References Alexandrescu. Carpatica. the Pannonian Basin or the Neogene basins of Western Apuseni Mountains. incisivum from the Early Pontian of Derna-Tătăruş (Bihor District. Codrea 2000. From this overview. the number of the Romanian localities in which A. 1982. including its equivalent in Transylvania (i. IaşiRepedea and Păun (Macarovici & Paghida 1966) or Draxeni (Codrea & Ursachi 2007). Nicorici ed. incisivum are also uncertain for fossils from the Transylvanian Basin. Roumanie). incisivum is certainly reported was reduced. This warm and moist tendency in MN 9-MN 10 units is not surprisingly. Macarovici 1938. 1958 in Kersonian/Meotian at Reghiu-Scruntar (MN 11 according Ştiucă. 1921) at Comăneşti (Alexandrescu & Rădulescu 1994) or with Chilotherium sarmaticum Korotkevich. after revised by Lungu et al. such a presence in this stratigraphic level of the Moldavian Platform would not be incorrect. but also from an anatomical one. Koch 1900). C. where the species is documented by a mandible fragment collected several decades ago from Upper Miocene (Pannonian s. Cerdeño & Nieto 1995) this acerathere last occurred in the Middle Turonian (MN 12) but not latter. The only credible locality in Transylvania would be Ungurei. we recognize that the record of this species is correct for the following Moldovian localities: Comăneşti (MN 9b. Rădulescu. and its preservation is also extremely poor. G. similarly to Romania.5/S/78342 to B. ?Lagomerycinae.). The report of this species at Bozieni in Bârnova Formation refers to an early representative in Romania. Bozieni is a new Sarmatian locality for this species. We warmly thank Diogo Provete for improving the English version of this text. cf. 1989. Mihai Dumbravă and Alex Solomon (Babeş-Bolyai University) for their collegial help.e.]. Guérin 1980. in Spain (Cerdeño 1992. as material from the latest Miocene (?Pontian) at Ormeniş (Viişoara. This work was supported by the European Social Fund in Romania. In Moldova.. Geraads & Spassov (2009) considered that the A.s. incisivum in Romania is associated in Sarmatian with D. There is a comparable situation in the Republic of Moldova (Ionesi et al. Acknowledgements. the mastodon Tetralophodon longirostris Kaup.
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