Source: https://www.profinfo.pl/sklep/panstwo-i-prawo,7255,r,2017,nr,8.html
Timestamp: 2017-10-22 06:43:49+00:00

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Państwo i Prawo (Nr 8/2017 [858]) , 2017 (Druk, PDF) - Profinfo.pl
Państwo i Prawo (Nr 8/2017 [858])
Miesięcznik Komitetu Nauk Prawnych PAN. Pismo ukazuje się regularnie od 1946 roku i jest obecnie jedynym czasopismem prawniczym w Polsce obejmującym swym zakresem wszystkie dziedziny prawa. www.panstwoiprawo.pl
TREŚĆ ZESZYTU 8/2017 "PAŃSTWA I PRAWA"
Prof. dr hab. Jan Zimmermann, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
Kilka refleksji o nowelizacji kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego | str. 3
Prof. dr hab. Agnieszka Bień-Kacała, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Dr Andrzej Jackiewicz, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Militant democracy - demokracja, która sama się broni (?) | str. 25
Dr Jan Podkowik, Uniwersytet
Dr Jan Podkowik, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Bezpośrednie konstytucyjne granice wolności człowieka | str. 42
Prof. dr hab. Barbara Nita-Światłowska, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
Ekstradycja obywatela polskiego na podstawie umowy ekstradycyjnej między Rzecząpospolitą Polską a Stanami Zjednoczonymi | str. 62
Dr Michał Błoński, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Przeprowadzanie na rozprawie dowodów uzyskanych w ramach czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych | str. 78
Mgr Jacek M. Wojciechowski, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Przepisy karne dotyczące ciszy wyborczej w świetle zasady nullum crimen sine lege | str. 93
Doc. dr Botjan Tratar, Lublana
Prawa konstytucyjne w Republice Słowenii (zagadnienia wybrane) | str. 107
Uchwała nr 2/2017 Komitetu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk z 21.07.2017 r. | str. 119
Ewa Monika Guzik-Makaruk, Transplantacja narządów, tkanek i komórek. Wybrane aspekty kryminologiczne i prawnokarne (rec. Roman Danielewicz) | str. 120
Dziedzictwo Leona Petrażyckiego (Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa, Warszawa, 1.06.2017 r.) (Jakub Karczewski) | str. 123
Normy postępowania karnego. Sędzia wobec zmiany prawa karnego procesowego (5. Wrocławskie Seminarium Karnoprocesowe, Wrocław, 10.04.2017 r.) (Dominika Czerniak, Dorota Czerwińska) | str. 127
Prawo opiekuńcze dotyczące ochrony osób dorosłych (4. Światowy Kongres Prawa Opiekuńczego Dotyczącego Osób Dorosłych, Erkner k. Berlina, 14-17.09.2016 r.) (Błażej Bugajski) | str. 130
Z ORZECZNICTWA IZBY KARNEJ SĄDU NAJWYŻSZEGO
Glosa Dariusza Drajewicza do uchwały z 30.04.2014 r., I KZP 4/14 (zaskarżalność postanowienia o zmianie prawomocnie orzeczonej kary i stosowanie per analogiam art. 420 § 2 k.p.k.) | str. 133
POLSKA BIBLIOGRAFIA PRAWNICZA | str. 139
CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIERES
A few reflexions on the amendment of the Code of Administrative Proceedings
Quelques réflexions sur la réforme du Code de procédure administrative
Agnieszka Bień-Kacała, Andrzej Jackiewicz
Militant democracy - a democracy that defends itself (?)
Militant democracy - la démocratie qui se défend elle-meme (?)
Direct constitutional limits of human freedom
Les limites constitutionnelles directes de la liberté d'un homme
Extradition of Polish nationals according to the Extradition Treaty between the USA and the Republic of Poland
L'extradition d'un citoyen polonais selon le traité d'extradition entre la République de Pologne et les Etats-Unis
Examination of evidence gathered in the course of investigation before a court of law
La présentation pendant l'audience des preuves recueilles au cours des activités opérationnelles
Penal provisions on pre-election silence in the light of the nullum crimen sine lege principle
Les dispositions pénales sur la silence électorale dans la lumiere de la principe nullum crimen sine lege
Botjan Tratar
Constitutional Rights in the Republic of Slovenia (selected issues)
Les droits constitutionnels dans la République de Slovénie (les aspects choisis)
MATERIALS - MATERIAUX
Resolution No. 2/2017 of the Committee of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21.07.2017
La résolution n° 2/2017 du Comité des Sciences Juridiques de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, 21.07.2017
BOOK REVIEWS - COMPTES RENDUS
Ewa Monika Guzik-Makaruk, Transplantation of organs, tissues and cells. Selected aspects under criminology and criminal law
La transplantation des organes, tissus et cellules. Les aspects choisis criminologique et pénales (Roman Danielewicz)
The aim of this article is to express an opinion about certain regulations included in the new text of the Code of Administrative Procedure of 7 April 2017. The author begins with highlighting and analysing the general premises that should predetermine such vital modifications. In the author's opinion, these premises have not been fulfilled, therefore,the Code thus amended has become eclectic, while its changes are random and inconsistent. The second part of the analysis presents selected new regulations relating to the administrative procedure, i.e. the so called tacit consent, simplified proceedings and certain general rules. The conclusions drawn from this analysis are negative and pessimistic. The analysis has revealed that not only the new regulations are far from being comprehensive, but they also fail to strengthen civil rights. Furthermore, some regulations which are contrary with the Polish Constitution have been introduced into the Code.
The article is a starting point for further studies on the contemporary shape of the militant democracy conception. The text presents the assumptions of the original conception developed by Karl Loewenstein. Furthermore, the authors discuss the interpretations of the concept in Polish literature and the dilemmas associated with the translation of this term into the Polish language. The authors find it necessary to indicate the complexity of this conception and its mechanisms. They focus,in particular, on the constitutional method of review of constitutionality regarding the objectives and actions of political parties. The paper also presents, against the background of freedoms of an individual,a proposal of a possible democratic militant action in situations where the system is taken over by anti-democratic or antiliberal options. The discussion is illustrated with judgments of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and of the German Federal Constitutional Court.
The article presents the concept of direct constitutional limits of human freedom in the form of constitutional norms setting the scope of human freedom protected by the Constitution of 1997. To ensure the protection of freedom of every human being, the Polish Constitution of 1997 affirms natural individual autonomy as well as freedom from interference by state and private entities. However, it is not the final scope of freedom protected by the Constitution. Restrictions imposed on thus understood natural freedom are usually expressed in statutes passed by ordinary legislature, where requirements of proportionality must be met. However, they can also be influenced for the reasons of the Constitution. Therefore, being a social contract, the Constitution represents resolution of conflicts of fundamental value and/or social importance. These norms, by limiting natural freedom of every human being, determine the constitutional framework for the protection of freedom as a legal position (the so-called fundamental freedom). Thus understood freedom may be subject to further, proportionate restrictions imposed by an ordinary legislator.
In the article, absolute and relative direct constitutional limits have been distinguished. The former are definitive limits leaving no margin for discretion for the legislature. They include: prohibition of human dignity violation, prohibition of discrimination or prohibition of permanent employment of children under the age of 16. The relative limits, in turn, set the scope of individual freedom protected prima facie, as long as the legislator does not resolve specific conflicts of freedoms and rights. The obligation to respect rights and freedom of other people is an example of such a norm that emphasises unacceptability of breaching a constitutionally protected sphere of another person, unless permitted by the legislature.
The guarantees related to extradition derive both from constitutional provisions (in particular Art. 55 of the Constitution of Poland) and from international treaties binding upon Poland, as well as from the provisions of statutory law (primarily contained in Chapter 65 of the Criminal Procedure Code).
According to Art 4(1) of the Extradition Treaty between the USA and the Republic of Poland, '[n]either Contracting State shall be bound to extradite its own nationals, but the Executive Authority of the Requested State shall have the power to extradite such persons if, in its discretion, it be deemed proper and possible to do so.' Interpreting this provision requires taking into account a judgment of the Constitutional Court of 21 September 2011, case No. SK 6/10. The Court ruled that Art. 4(1) of the Extradition Treaty is consistent with Art. 55, paras. 1 and 2, read in conjunction with Art. 2 of the Constitution of Poland and is not inconsistent with Art. 78 of the Constitution. A correct understanding of the 'proper and possible' clause in accordance with the Constitution is not explained in the judgment, but it is made clear in the statement of reasons. Because of the wording of Art. 190(1) of the Constitution, courts are bound by this interpretation in all the cases concerning extradition of Polish nationals to the USA.
This article touches upon the problem of examination, before a court of law, of evidence gathered in the course of investigation that may constitute an important evidence in serious offences, including organised crime. A position has been presented that conversations recorded on data carriers constitute documentary evidence rather than material evidence, therefore they can be played on the grounds of Article 393 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The author is in favour of an admissible deviation from the principle of directness though the disclosure of this evidence without it being heard at a court hearing (Article 394 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), unless its hearing could contribute to a clarification of discrepancies that arose in the given case and advocates for the need of selection of materials by the Public Prosecutor in terms of their usefulness under the sanction of the case being sent back to the prosecution pursuant to Article 344a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In connection with the content of Article 168a of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the author expresses his view on the inadmissibility of using conversations obtained in an unlawful (illegal) manner, also through a crime,, with a direct reference to the Constitution,particularly Article 31.3 and Article 49 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
This study focuses on an analysis of penal provisions concerning violations of pre-election silence from the point of view of the requirements of the nullum crimen sine lege principle. This crucial principle of penal law, which protects individuals against the abuses of public authorities, underlies, among other things, the principle of certainty when defining prohibited acts (nullum crimen sine lege certa) and the requirement that criminal acts must be provided for only in a written and codified law (nullum crimen sine lege scripta). In the context of these considerations, a key role is played by the currently applicable legal solutions that concern an extension of the voting time, whose application is impliedly referred to in the features of the prohibited acts defined under Art. 498 and Art. 500 of the Electoral Code, because their laconic form gives rise to a number of interpretation problems, also hindering the application of penal regulations in force by making them imprecise and unclear for the addressees. In his considerations over the issue in question, the author does not confine himself to an analysis of the currently applicable legal regulations, but also formulates suggestions of specific solutions aimed to improve the existing state of the law.
The author discusses the constitutional rights in the Republic of Slovenia and states that the constitutional rights play not only a defensive function in the Slovenian law, but they operate as value gauges (value guidelines). It is confirmed that constitutional rights are the fundamental values of constitutional order (value guidelines), therefore, the state (that is the legislative, executive and judicial branches of power) is obliged to respect them and not only protect them,which means abstaining from violation, but also (actively) put them in place,which means realizing them in horizontal legal relations. The approach represented in the comparative legal systems (e.g. Germany or Switzerland) where the constitutional rights are value norms (i.e. the duty of the state to protect or/ and put them in place in the whole legal system), is enforced in a new Slovenian Constitution in the first sentence of the first paragraph of Article 5 of the Slovenian Constitution. The objective content of the constitutional rights arises from their inclusion in the Constitution and from their position, right after the Preamble and the first chapter that regulates the fundamental characteristics of Slovenia as a democratic republic, a state of law and a welfare state. The constitutional rights are also an element of the state constitution as well as of the (social,state) integration.
Podstawowe informacje dla autorów: www.czasopisma.wolterskluwer.pl
Sekretariat: tel. 22 535 82 19

References: art. 420
 Art. 55
 Art. 4
 Art. 55
 Art. 2
 Art. 78
 Art. 190
 Art. 498
 Art. 500