Source: http://ijera.com/pages/v4no9(v3).html
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 05:09:47+00:00

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Abstract: Linearization of power amplifier has been an area of intense research from the last many years. The various types of linearization techniques are available for linearising PA but Digital Predistortion technique has been observed as one of the most common and effective method. But due to the issues like memory effects and exact characterization of non-linear behaviour of power amplifier, the implementation of existing predistortion technique suffers. So in this paper, a digital predistorter based on memory polynomial has been proposed that takes care of above mentioned issues. The presented technique is easy to implement and simple.
Key words: AM/AM characteristics, Digital Predistortion (DPD), Memory polynomial, Power Amplifier (PA), Power Spectral Density (PSD).
 Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Fast complex Memory Polynomial based Adaptive Digital Pre-Distorter", International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 98, No.7, Page, 923-931, July 2011.
 Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjit Singh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, "Power amplifier Linearization using Digital Predistortion" International e-Journal of Communication and Electronics, Volume 2, January 2009.
 Andrea, A.N., Lottici, V. and Reggiannini, R.(1996) RF Power Amplifier Linearization through Amplitude and Phase Predistortion. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 44:1477-1484.
 Ding L., "Digital Predistortion of Power Amplifiers for Wireless Applications", Ph.D thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, March 2004.
 Jeckeln, E.G. and Beauregard, F. (2000), "Adaptive Baseband/ RF Pre-distorter for Power Amplifiers through Instataneous AM-AM and AM-PM Characterization using Digital Receivers", IEEE MTT International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2000.
Abstract: The Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) widely used as the on-chip bus in System-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. The important aspect of a SoC is not only which components or blocks it houses, but also how they are interconnected. AMBA is a solution for the blocks to interface with each other. The biggest challenge in SoC design is in validating and testing the system. AHB Bus Tracer is a significant infrastructure that is needed to monitor the on chip-bus signals, which is vital for debugging and performance analysis and also optimizing the SOC. Basically on chip signals are difficult to observe since they are deeply embedded in a SoC and no sufficient I/O pins are required to access those signals. Therefore, we embed a bus tracer in SoC to capture the bus signals and store them. The AMBA AHB should be used to which are high bandwidth and require the high performance of a pipelined bus interface. Performance can be improved at high-frequency operation. Performance is independent of the mark-space ratio of the clock. No special considerations are required for automatic test insertion. Our aim in this project is to Design the AHB- protocol with bus tracer. For real-time tracing, we should reduce the trace size as much as possible without reducing the original data.SYS-HMRBT supports tracing after/before an event triggering, named post-triggering trace/pre-triggering trace, respectively. SYS-HMRBT runs at 500 MHz and costs 42 K gates in TSMC 0.13- m technology, indicating that it is capable of real time tracing and is very small in modern SoCs.The experimental results show that trace compression ratio reduced by 96.32%. Finally this approach was designed successfully along with MODEL SIM and synthesis using Xilinx ISE. The SoC can be verified in field-programmable gate array.
Key words: AMBA, AHB Bus Tracer, Real Time Compression, multi-resolution, signal tracing.
[2.] ARM Ltd., San Jose, CA, ―ARM. AMBA AHB Trace Macrocell (HTM) technical reference manual ARM DDI 0328D, 2007.
[3.] B. Vermeulen, K. Goosen, R. van Steeden, and M. Bennebroek, "Communication- centric SoC debug using transactions," in Proc. 12th IEEE Eur. Test Symp., May 20–24, 2007, pp. 69–76.
[4.] ARM Ltd., San Jose, CA, "Embedded trace macro cell architecture specification," 2006.
[5.] First Silicon Solutions (FS2) Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, "AMBA navigator spec sheet," 2005.
Abstract: A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding blades to cut a lawn at an even length. Even more sophisticated devices are there in every field. Power consumption becomes essential for future. Solar grass cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in construction. It is used to maintain and upkeep lawns in gardens, schools, college's etc. We have made some changes in the existing machine to make its application easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in pollution control is attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate easily and maintain the lawn very fine and uniform surface look. In our project, ―Solar grass cutter‖ is used to cut the different grasses for the different application.
4. The influence of the manganese citrates, obtained using aquananotechnologies, on the biomass production of medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd.
The influence of the manganese citrates, obtained using aquananotechnologies, on the biomass production of medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd.
Abstract: A comparative study of the impact of citrate of manganese, obtained with the help of nanotechnology, on the growth of mycelium of medicinal fungus Trametes versicolor on their cultivation in a liquid media. It was demonstrated that sulfate and citrate manganese have dramatically different effects on the growth of mycelium Trametes versicolor depending on which medium they were added to.
Key words: Trametes versicolor, citrate, sulfate, manganese, cultivation, nanotechnologies.
[1.] Cai X, Pi Y, Zhou X, Tian L, Qiao S, Lin J. (2010) Hepatoma cell growth inhibition by inducing apoptosis with polysaccharide isolated from Turkey tail medicinal mushroom, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Int J Med Mushr. 12: 257–263.
[4.] Standish LJ, Wenner CA, Sweet ES, Bridge C, Nelson A, Martzen M, Novack J, Torkelson C. (2008) Trametes versicolor mushroom immune therapy in breast cancer. J Soc Integr Oncol. 6:122–128.
[5.] Zong A, Cao H, Wang F (2012) Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: A review of recent research. Carbohyd Polym 90: 1395–1410.
Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to prove a common fixed point theorem for weakly biased mappings satisfying the E.A property on a non complete fuzzy metric space.Also this result does not required continuity of the self maps.This theorem Generalizes the result of V.srinivas B.V.B.Reddy and R.Umamaheswarrao  in Fuzzy metric spaces.
Key words: Common fixed point, coincidence, weakly compatible, Weakly biased, E.A property.
 V Srinivas, B.V.B.Reddy, R.Umamaheswarrao, A Common fixed point Theorem on Fuzzy metric Spaces, Kathmandu University journal of Science ,Engineering and Technology,8 (II)(2012)77-82.
 P.P.Murthy, M.R.Singh, L.S.Singh, weakly Biased maps as a generalization of occasionally weakly compatible maps, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics ,91(2) 2014,143-153.
 M.R Singh ,Y Mahendra Singh,Fixed points for biased maps on metric space, Int.J.Contemp.Math.Sci.Vol.4(2009),no.16, 769-778.
 H.K.Pathak, R.R Lopez and R.K Verma, A Common fixed point theorem using implicit relation and Property (E.A) in metric Spaces, Filomat 21(2)(2007),211-234.
 S.Sharma, Common fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric space, Fuzzy sets and Systems,127(2002),345-352.
Abstract: Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs) show an astonishing qualities in the concept of networks which are used without wires. MANETs experience numerous communication medium restrictions such as constrained storage of memory and development of effectual routing protocols. Furthermore, multihop routing mechanism employed in MANETs gives rise to the contention in the channel and jamming within the network. This limits the effectiveness of the network which reduces the energy efficiency of the network and also lessens the routing performance of MANETs. Hence, the major matter in MANETs is to minimize the congestion and contention in order to enhance the routing mechanism. Hence, in this paper, a novel protocol is put into practice having an enhanced route discovery mechanism which is implemented in order to avoid the congestion during the routing. The proposed protocol chooses the route for the transference of information on the basis of load within the traffic on the node and then resets the route with the change in topology. The protocol is then integrated with the proposed algorithm Pollination Based Optimization (PBO) algorithm. This is an efficient technique for transmission that requires a link for longer period of time. The simulator used for the simulation of the work is Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). Simulation results have been carried out showing that the route optimization and enhancement in the route discovery using Pollination Based Optimization (PBO) algorithm.
Key words: Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Protocol, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Protocol, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), Pollination Based Optimization (PBO) Algorithm.
 Renato, C. Dutra, Heberte, F. Moraes and Claudio, L. Amorim, "Interest-centric Mobile Ad hoc Networks", 11th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, IEEE, Brazil, pp.130-138, 2012.
 Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, "Wireless mesh networks: A survey," Computer Networks, vol. 47, pp. 445–487, 2005. [Online]. Available: citeseer.ist.psu.edu/akyildiz05wireless.html.
 M. Conti and S. Giordano, "Multihop ad hoc networking: The theory," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 78 –86, 2007.
 H. Lim and C. Kim, "Flooding in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," in Proceedings of ACM MSWiM Workshop at MobiCom, Aug. 2000; Computer Communication Journal, 24, 3–4, 353–363, 2001.
 P. Bose, P. Morin, I. Stojmenovic, and J. Urrutia, "Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks," in Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop DIAL M, Seattle, August 20, 1999, pp. 48–55; ACM/Kluwer Wireless Networks, 7, 6, 609–616, 2001.
Abstract: Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates major environmental problems when discharged to the surface land or water. Various operations in a dairy industry may include pasteurization, cream, cheese, milk powder etc. Considering the above stated implications an attempt has been made in the present project to evaluate one of the Effluent Treatment Plant for dairy waste. Samples are collected from three points; Collection tank (CT), primary clarifier (PC) and Secondary clarifier (SC) to evaluate the performance of Effluent Treatment Plant. Parameters analyzed for evaluation of performance of Effluent Treatment Plant are pH, TDS, TSS, COD, and BOD at 200C The pH, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD removal efficiency of Effluent Treatment Plant were 26.14 %, 33.30 %, 93.85 %, 94.19 % and 98.19 % respectively.
Key words: Dairy industry, Effluent treatment, Performance evaluation, Removal efficiency, Wastewater characteristics.
 Eaton, A. D.Clesceri, L.S. and Greenberg, A. E, Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater(APHA, AWWA and WPCF,1995).
 Harper, W.J., Implant control of dairy wastes. Food Tech.28, 50. (1974).
 V.Yip,S.D.Amsfield and A.W.Hydamaka, J.Dairy Sci.79: 710-716 (1996).
 Dipali chaudhari, R.M. Dhoble, Performance evaluation of effluent treatment of dairy industry, Current world environment,5(2), 2010, 373-378.
Index Terms: FACTS, power quality, sag and swell mitigation, distributed power flow controller.
[1.] J. Faiz, G. H. Shahgholian, and M. Torabian, "Design and simulation of UPFC or enhancement of power quality in transmission lines," IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, vol. 24, no. 4, 2010.
[2.] E. Emanuel and J. A. McNeill, "Electric power quality," Annu. Rev. Energy Environ, 1997.
[3.] N. R. Patne and K. L. Thakre "Factor affecting characteristics of voltage sag due to fault in the power system," Serbian Journal of Electrical engineering. vol. 5, no.1, 2008.
[4.] J. R. Enslin, "Unified approach to power quality mitigation," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial Electronics (ISIE '98), vol. 1, 1998.
[5.] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, "A review of active filters for power quality improvement," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 960–971, 1999.
Abstract: Land cover change for the period 1987, 2002 and 2007 was investigated using satellite remote sensing data. The investigation was necessitated to determine the changes over time and how this changes influence urban flooding in Warri Metropolis Delta State, Nigeria. Landsat images of the study area for the years 1987, 2002, 2007 show that in 1987 total built-up area was 83.15km2 (16.7%) and by 2007 it was 236.76km (43.7%) this reflect an annual frequency of change of 1.09%. Marginal areas and vegetation were converted to residential areas which increased the total impervious cover of the study area and generally increased the peak runoff. The conversion of marginal areas also reduced the channel capacity thus leading to flooding. Questionnaires were also administered to get information on how the respondents perceive the cause of flood in the area, the data generated was subjected to ANOVA statistical tool using SPSS. The correlation matrix between Annual rainfall and frequency of flooding show that at P<0.01, r = 0.460 indicating a very significant relationship. The single Factor ANOVA, F >F crit at P < 0.05 show that uncoordinated or unregulated urbanization activities is similar in all the flood zones (Warri 1- Warr4).
Key words: Urban flood, Urban centres, Urbanization, Land use change, Landsat.
[4.] Angotti, T (1993) Metropolis 2000: Planning, Poverty and Politics. London, Routledge Agobie, O.I ( 2013). Implementation of Physical Planning Laws and Its Implication on flood control in Warri Niger Delta. Unpublished M.Phil Thesis, Institute of Geosciences and Space technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology. Port Harcourt Nigeria.
Abstract: We consider a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold admitting a semi-symmetric metric connection and study semi-invariant submanifolds of a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with semi-symmetric metric connection. We also find the integrability conditions of some distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold andstudy parallel distributions on nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold.
Key Words and Phrases: Semi-invariant submanifolds, Nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold, Semi-symmetric metric connection, Parallel distribution, Integrability condition. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 53D05, 53D25, 53D12.
 Agashe N. S. and Chafle M. R., A semi-symmetric non-metric connection in a Riemannian manifold, Indian J. Pure Applied Math., 23 (1992), 399-409.
 M. Ahmad, K. Ali, Semi-invariant submanifolds of a nearly hyperbolic Kenmotsu manifold with semi-symmetric non-metric connection, International J. of Math. Sci. &Engg.Appls.(IJMSEA), Vol. 7 No.IV(July, 2013), pp. 107-119.
 Ahmad M. and Jun J. B., On semi-invariant submanifolds of a nearly Kenmotsu Manifold with semi-symmetric non-metric connection, Journal of the Chungcheong Math. Soc., 23(2) (June 2010), 257-266.
 Ahmad M., Jun J. B. and Siddiqi M. D., Some properties of semi-invariant submanifolds of a nearly trans-Sasakian manifold admitting a quarter symmetric non-metric connection, JCCMS, 25(1) (2012), 73-90.
 Ahmad M. and Siddiqi M. D., On nearly Sasakian manifold with a semi-symmetric semi-metric connection, Int. J. Math. Analysis, 4(35) (2010), 1725-1732.
Abstract: Data mining plays important role in marketing and is quite new. Although this field expands rapidly, data mining is still foreign issue for many marketers who trust only their experiences. Data mining techniques cannot substitute the significant role of domain experts and their business knowledge. In the other words, data mining algorithms are powerful but cannot effectively work without the active support of business experts. We can gain useful results by combining these techniques and business expertise. For instance ability of a data mining technique can be substantially increased by combining person experience in the field or information of business can be integrated into a data mining model to build a more successful result. Moreover, these results should always be evaluated by business experts. Thus, business knowledge can help and enrich the data mining results. On the other hand, data mining techniques can extract patterns that even the most experienced business people may have missed. In conclusion, the combination of business domain expertise with the power of data mining techniques can help organizations gain a competitive advantage in their efforts to optimize customer management. Clustering algorithms, a group of data mining technique, is one of most common used way to segment data set according to their similarities. This paper focuses on the topic of customer segmentation using data mining techniques. In the other words, we theoretically discuss about customer relationship management and then utilize couple of data mining algorithm specially clustering techniques for customer segmentation. We concentrated on behavioral segmentation.
Key words: Clustering, Customer Relationship Management, Customer Segmentation, Data Mining.
 K. Tsiptsis and A. Chorianopoulos, "Data Mining Techniques in CRM: Inside Customer Segmentation", John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication, 2009.
 Peelen, Ed. Customer Relationship Management. Upper Saddle River: Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2005.
 Ph. Kotler and K. Lane Keller. Marketing Management (12th Edition) (Marketing Management). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2005.
 A. Kristin. Customer Relationship Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
 J.A. Berry and S. Gordon Linoff, Mastering Data Mining: The Art and Science of Customer Relationship Management. New York: Wiley, 1999.
Abstract: Escalating increase in the level of integration has led the design engineers to embed the pre-design and pre-verified logic blocks on chip to make a complete system on chip (SoC) technology. This advancing technology trend has led to new challenges for the design and test engineers. To ensure the testability of the entire system, the test planning needs to be done during design phase. To save the test cost, the test application time needs to be reduced which requires the test to be done concurrently. However the parallel running of test of multiple cores increases the power dissipation. This thereby leads to make test optimization to take care of time and power. This paper presents an approach for the scheduling the cores with the test time, power, test access mechanism and bandwidth constraint based on greedy algorithm. The TAM allotment to the various cores is done dynamically to save the test time and utilize the full bandwidth. Scheduling is done on ITC'02 benchmark circuits. Experiments on these ITC'02 benchmark circuits show that this algorithm offers lower test application time compared to the multiple constraint driven system-on-chip.
 G. L. Craig, C. R. Kime, and K. K. Saluja, ―Test scheduling and control for VLSI built-in-self-test‖, IEEE transactions on Computers, 37(9).1099-1109, September 1998.
 B. H. Fang, Q. Xu, and Nicola Nicolici, ―Hardware/Software Co-testing of embedded Memories in Complex SOCs,‖ Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design, 599-605, November 2003.
 V. Iyenger, K. Chakrabarthy and E. J. Marinissen, ―On Using Rectangle Pack-ing for SOC Wrapper/TAM Co-optimization,‖ Proceedings of 20th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (VTS'02), 253-258, May 2002.
 J. Pouget, E. Larsson and Z. Peng, ―Multiple-Constraint Driven System-on-Chip Test Time Optimization,‖ Springer Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications 21, 599-611, 2005.
 S. K. Goel, E. J. Marinissen, A. Sehgal and K. Chakrabarty, ―Testing of SoCs with Hierarchical Cores: Common Fallacies, Test Access Optimization and Test Scheduling,‖ IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 58, no. 3, March 2009.
Abstract: In this paper, we propse 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adder (Rapid single flux quantam), kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple carry adder s(slow adders compare to other adders), and carry lookahead adders(area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most of industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder, Our prefix sparse tree adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. We simulate and synthesis different types of 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adders using Xilinx ISE10.1i tool, By using these synthesis results, We noted the performance parameters like number of LUT's and delay. We compare these three adders interms of LUT's represents area) and delay values.
Key words: digital arithmetic, RSFQ adder, kogge-stone adder ,carry operator, prefix adder.
 P.M Kogge and H. S. Stone, ―A parallel algorithm for the efficient solution of a general class of recurrence equations,‖ IEEE Trans. Comput, vol.C-22, no. 8 , pp. 786-793, Aug .1973.
 S. Mathew, M. Anders, R. K. Krishnamurthy, and S. Borkar, ―A 4-GHz 130-nm address generation unit with 32-bit sparse-tree adder core,‖ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 689–695, May 2003.
 A. G. M. Strollo and E. Napoli, ―A fast and area efficient complimentary pass-transistor logic carry-skip adder,‖ in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Microelectron., Sep. 1997, vol. 2, pp. 701–704.
 O. A. Mukhanov, S. V. Rylov, V. K. Semonov, and S. V. Vyshenskii, ―RSFQ logic arithmetic,‖ IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 857–860, Mar. 1989.
 Z. J. Deng, N. Yoshikawa, J. A. Tierno, S. R. Whiteley, and T. van Duzer, ―Asynchronous circuits and systems in superconducting RSFQ digital technology,‖ in Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Adv. Res. Asynchronous Circuits Syst., Apr. 1998, pp. 274–285.
Abstract: Predictive analysis include techniques fromdata mining that analyze current and historical data and make predictions about the future. Predictive analytics is used in actuarial science, financial services, retail, travel, healthcare, insurance, pharmaceuticals, marketing, telecommunications and other fields.Predicting patterns can be considered as a classification problem and combining the different classifiers gives better results. We will study and compare three methods used to combine multiple classifiers. Bayesian networks perform classification based on conditional probability. It is ineffective and easy to interpret as it assumes that the predictors are independent. Tree augmented naïve Bayes (TAN) constructs a maximum weighted spanning tree that maximizes the likelihood of the training data, to perform classification.This tree structure eliminates the independent attribute assumption of naïve Bayesian networks. Behavior-knowledge space method works in two phases and can provide very good performances if large and representative data sets are available.
Key words: Bayesian networks, Behavior-knowledge space, TAN.
 Huang, Y.S., Suen, C.Y., The behavior-knowledge space method for combination of multiple classifiers,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1993. Proceedings CVPR '93., 1993 IEEE Computer Society Conference, 1993, 347-352.
 Terry Windeatt, Fabio Roli, The Behavior Knowledge Space Fusion Method: Analysis of Generalization Error and Strategies for Performance Improvement, Multiple Classifier Systems, (4th International Workshop, MCS 2003 Guildford, UK, June 11–13, 2003 Proceedings, Springer Berlin Heidelberg).
Abstract: Data Security with Colors using RSA technique that integrates the RGB Color model with the well-known public key cryptographic algorithm RSA (Rivest, Shamir and Adleman). This model provides both confidentiality and authentication to the data sent across the network. RSA algorithm uses public key and private key to encrypt and decrypt the data and thus provides confidentiality. But the public key is known to everyone and so anyone can encrypt the data and send the message. Hence authentication of users is needed. In this technique we use RGB color model to provide authentication. Every user will have a unique color assigned to him. A sender must know the receiver's color to send a message. The color value is encrypted using a key which is used as a password while decrypting the message. To decrypt the message, the receiver must provide his color values. If the decrypted color values and his color values are equal then the sender and receiver are send to be authentic. The data encryption and decryption follows RSA procedure. Thus both authentication and confidentiality are provided for the data.
Key words: DSCR, RSA, encryption, decryption, confidentiality, authentication, private key, public key.
 Advanced Encryption Standard",2001.Federal Information Processing Standard Publications.
 Hu, Zhihua,2011. "Progress on advanced encryption standard". International conference on Intelligence Science and Information Engineering.China.
Abstract: Pterocarpus species has been admired for centuries for its dye, beautiful color, hardness and durability. The present study deals with the extraction of natural dye from Pterocarpus wood materials. Response surface methodology was used to study the optimal conditions for the extraction of dye. Factors such as extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid to liquid ratio were identified to be significantly affecting natural dye extraction efficiency. By using three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design, the optimized conditions for dye extraction by different techniques such as Solvent, Ultrasonic and Microwave extraction method. Microwave assisted extraction method showed the highest natural dye yield percentage which is 50.0 for ethyl acetate solvent and 50.2 for methanol solvent.
Key words: Pterocarpus species, Natural dye, Response surface methodology.
[1.] Kodithuwakku Kankanange Indika Upali Arunakumara, Buddhi Charana Walpola, Siripala Subasinghe and Min-Ho Yoon, Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. (Rath handun): A Review of Its Botany, Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 54(4), 2011, 495-500.
[2.] Ali, S., Hussain, T., & Nawaz, R., Optimization of alkaline extraction of natural dye from henna leaves and its dyeing on cotton by exhaust method, Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 2009, 61-66.
[4.] Montazer, M. & Parvinzadeh, M. Dyeing of wool with Marigold and its properties. Fibers & Polymer, 8(2), 2007, 181-185.
[5.] G. D. S. C. Borges, F. G. K. Vieira, C. Copetti, L. V. Gonzaga,and R. Fett,"Optimization of the extraction of flavanols and anthocyanins from the fruit pulp of Euterpe edulis using the response surface methodology," Food Research International, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 708–715, 2011.
Abstract: Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud is surrounded by many security issues like securing data and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. Security is one of the major issues which reduce the growth of cloud computing. A large number of clients or data owners store their data on servers in the cloud and it is provided back to them whenever needed. The data provided should not be jeopardized. Data integrity should be taken into account so that the data is correct, consistent and accessible. For ensuring the integrity in cloud computing environment, cloud storage providers should be trusted. Dealing with single cloud providers is predicted to become less secure with customers due to risks of service availability, failure and the possibility of malicious insiders in the single cloud. This paper deals with multi cloud environments to resolve these issues. The integrity of the data in multi cloud storage has been provided with the help of trusted third party using cryptographic algorithm.
 R. K. Balachandra, P. V. Ramakrishna and A. Rakshit, Cloud Security Issues, Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Services Computing, Bangalore, 2009, 517-520.
 N. Gruschka and M. Jensen, Attack Surfaces: A Taxonomy for Attacks on Cloud Services, Proc. 3rd IEEE Conf. on Cloud Computing, Miami, FL, 2010, 276-279.
 S. Ramgovind, M. M. Eloff and E. Smith, The Management of Security in Cloud Computing, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Cloud Computing, Johannesburg, 2010, 1-7.
 T. Jaeger and J. Schiffman, Outlook: Cloudy with a Chance of Security Challenges and Improvements, IEEE Security and Privacy, vol. 8, issue 1, 2010, 77-80.
 B. Grobauer, T. Walloschek and E. Stocker, Understanding Cloud Computing Vulnerabilities, IEEE Security and Privacy, vol. 9, issue 2, 2011, 50-57.
Abstract: This paper discusses an automated approach to database change management throughout the companies' development workflow. By using automated tools, companies can avoid common issues related to manual database deployments. This work was motivated by analyzing usual problems within organizations, mostly originated from manual interventions that may result in systems disruptions and production incidents. In addition to practices of continuous integration and continuous delivery, the current paper describes a case study in which a suggested pipeline is implemented in order to reduce the deployment times and decrease incidents due to ineffective data controlling.
 S. Ambler, Agile database techniques: effective strategies for the agile software developer. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
 N. Ashley, Taking control of your database development. Available in http://dbdeploy.com/wpcontent/uploads/2007/05/taking-control-of-your-database-development.pdf.
 K. Beck and C. Andres, Extreme programming explained: embrace change. Boston, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2004.
 M. Fowler and K. Beck, Refactoring: improving the design of existing code. Boston, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1999.
 M. Fowler and M. Foemmel, Continuous integration. Available in http://www. thoughtworks. com/Continuous Integration. pdf.
Abstract: In today's digital communication era sharing of information is increasing significantly. The information being transmitted is vulnerable to various passive and active attacks. Therefore, the information security is one of the most challenging aspects of communication. Cryptography is the one of the main categories of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form by using Encryption and Decryption Techniques. The two main characteristics that identify and differentiate one encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure the protected data against attacks and its speed and efficiency in doing so. There are basically two techniques of cryptography Symmetric and Asymmetric. This paper presents a detailed study of the symmetric encryption techniques.
Key words: Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, AES, DES, TRIPLEDES, Blowfish.
 Manoj Kumar Pandey, et.all., ―Survey Paper: Cryptography The art of Hiding Information‖, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), ISSN: 2278 – 1323, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2013.
 Irfan Landge et al., ―Encryption and Decryption of Data Using Twofish Algorithm‖, World Journal of Science and Technology, ISSN: 2231-2587, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 157-161, 2012.
 Anjali Arora et al., ―A Survey of Cryptanalytic Attacks on Lightweight Block Ciphers‖, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology & Security, ISSN: 2249-9555, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012.
 A. Grediaga et al., ―Analysis and Implementation Hardware-Software of Rijindael Encryption‖, IEEE Latin America Transactions, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 82-87, March 2010.
Abstract: This paper presents Direct Torque Control (DTC) using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for an induction motor drive fed from a photovoltaic multilevel inverter (PV-MLI). The system consists of two main parts PV DC power supply (PVDC) and MLI. The PVDC is used to generate DC isolated sources with certain ratios suitable for the adopted MLI. Beside the hardware system, the control system which uses the torque and speed estimation to control the load angle and to obtain the appropriate flux vector trajectory from which the voltage vector is directly derived based on direct torque control methods. The voltage vector is then generated by a hybrid multilevel inverter by employing space vector modulation (SVM). The inverter high quality output voltage which leads to a high quality IM performances. Besides, the MLI switching losses is very low due to most of the power cell switches are operating at nearly fundamental frequency. Some selected simulation results are presented for system validation.
 Z. Sorchini, P. Krein "Formal Derivation of Direct Torque Control for Induction Machines" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No.5, September 2006, pp. 1428 – 1436.
 M. Vasudevan, R. Arumugam, S. Paramasivam: "High-performance Adaptive Intelligent Direct Torque Control Schemes for Induction Motor Drives", Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, May 2005, pp. 93 – 116.
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Abstract: The rising abuse of information stored on large data centres in cloud emphasizes the need to safe guard the data. Despite adopting strict authentication policies for cloud users data while transferred over to secure channel when reaches data centres is vulnerable to numerous attacks .The most widely adoptable methodology is safeguarding the cloud data is through encryption algorithm. Encryption of large data deployed in cloud is actually a time consuming process. For the secure transmission of information AES encryption has been used which provides most secure way to transfer the sensitive information from sender to the intended receiver. The main purpose of using this technique is to make sensitive information unreadable to all other except the receiver. The data thus compressed enables utilization of storage space in cloud environment. It has been augmented with Hadoop‟s map-reduce paradigm which works in a parallel mode. The experimental results clearly reflect the effectiveness of the methodology to improve the security of data in cloud environment.
 Anitha, P. and Palanisamy, Data protection Algorithm Using AES, International Journal of Current Research, 2011 vol.3, issue 6, pp.291-294.
 Chaitanya P.Sahithi and M.Murali, Improved Schemes to Secure Distributed Data Storage against Untrusted Users, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology(IJCSIT), 2014,vol.5(2), pp.1774-1777.
 Chauhan Nitin Singh and Ashutosh Sexena, Cryptography and Cloud Security Challenges, CSI Communications, 2013, pp. 18-20.
 Kulkarni Gurudatt, Jayanti Gambhir, Amruta Dongare, Security in Cloud Computing, International Journal of Computer Engineering &Technology (IJCET), 2012, vol. 3, issue1, pp. 258-265.
 Nagendra M. and M. Chandra Sekhar , Performance Improvement of Advanced Encryption Algorithm using Parallel Computation, International Journal of Software Engineering and its Application(IJSEIA),2014, vol. 8, no 2, pp.287-296.

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