Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/291/352/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 04:25:59+00:00

Document:
Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 291 › Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Nelson Co.
Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v.
N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Co.
1. On appeal from a judgment of the highest court of a state, in a suit in which the validity of a statute of the state is challenged, the decision of the state court as to the meaning of the statute is binding upon this Court. P. 291 U. S. 358.
2. A state statute providing that any bond executed after its enactment for the faithful performance of a building contract shall inure to the benefit of materialmen and laborers notwithstanding any provision of the bond to the contrary is not an arbitrary restraint upon the liberty of contract enjoyed by surety companies under the Fourteenth Amendment. Pp. 291 U. S. 358-359.
materialmen and laborer, and to substitute the bond as their security, but in subordination to the interests of the obligee building owner.
3. The business of insurance is one peculiarly subject to supervision and control by the state. P. 291 U. S. 360.
4. Liberty of contract is not an absolute concept, but is relative to many conditions of time and place and circumstance. P. 360.
147 So. 815 affirmed. See also 166 Miss. 222, 135 So. 497.
Appeal from the affirmance of a judgment against building contractors and the surety on their bond in favor of the assignee of a materialman. The surety company, and the surety on its appeal bond in the court below, joined in the appeal to this Court. Another branch of the same litigation was here before, but that appeal was dismissed for defect of parties appellant. 285 U. S. 169.
The statute challenged by the appellants was enacted in March, 1918, and is framed for the protection of subcontractors, materialmen, laborers, and journeymen who have had a part in the making of buildings or of structures akin thereto. Laws Miss.1918, c. 128; Mississippi Code 1930, §§ 2274-2281.
By section 1 (which amended § 3074 of the Code of 1906), materialmen or laborers not paid by a contractor may give notice in writing to the owner, and thereupon any amount due from the owner to the contractor shall be bound in the hands of the owner for the payment pro rata of claims covered by the notice.
"provided, however, that this section shall not apply to any contract or agreement where the contractor or the master workman shall enter into a solvent bond"
conditioned as provided for in section 3 thereof.
to perform the contract, the obligation shall be void, otherwise to remain in force, provided, however, that the obligee shall have complied with certain conditions precedent for the protection of the surety. One is that the terms of the building contract shall be faithfully fulfilled insofar as they call for performance on the part of the owner, the surety to be relieved of all liability in the event of a default. Another is that, if the obligee shall have notice of any claim against the contractor for unpaid labor or material, no further payments shall be made by the obligee to the contractor until such claims are satisfied. Finally, in an effort to cut off materialmen and laborers, the bond provides that "no right of action shall accrue upon or by reason hereof to or for the benefit of any one other than the obligee named herein."
"and could not have that effect. . . . All stipulations contrary to the statutory provisions must be disregarded so far as persons furnishing labor or material are concerned."
An appeal to this Court was dismissed for defect of parties. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Bunn, 285 U. S. 169.
In the meantime, the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company, the present appellee, had intervened in the court of chancery by leave of that court, and had made claim to its proportionate share of the proceeds of the bond. The surety renewed the contest, as it was privileged to do (Bigelow v. Old Dominion Copper Co., 225 U. S. 111, 225 U. S. 127), insisting that the bond was unaffected by the statute and that there could be no holding to the contrary without an arbitrary interference with liberty of contract and a resulting violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. The chancellor, overruling these contentions, gave judgment upon the bond in favor of the intervening claimant. The Supreme Court of Mississippi affirmed upon the authority of its earlier opinions. 147 So. 815. See also U.S.F. & G. Co. v. Parsons, 147 Miss. 335, 112 So. 469. An appeal to this Court followed; the surety on the appeal bond joining as appellant with the surety on the bond in suit. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Bunn, supra.
As to the meaning of the statute now challenged as invalid, the Supreme Court of Mississippi speaks with ultimate authority. Knights of Pythias v. Meyer, 265 U. S. 30, 265 U. S. 32; Great Northern Ry. Co. v. Sunburst Co., 287 U. S. 358, 287 U. S. 362; Guaranty Trust Co. v. Blodgett, 287 U. S. 509, 287 U. S. 513. We assume in accordance with its ruling that the statute was intended to apply to such a bond as the one in controversy here, and to blot out the causes repugnant to the statutory scheme. The only question in this Court is whether the result is consistent with the Constitution of the United states. Opposition is asserted by counsel for the surety. We think it is unreal.
value to the land. The builder may be required to give heed to the same equities in contracting with the owner or in disposing of his contract or of the moneys paid thereunder.
and future payments as a fund impressed with a trust and devoted to specific uses. U.S.F. & G. Co. v. Parsons, supra. Indeed, this very builder took advantage of that privilege, making an assignment of the contract and its proceeds to a bank, and, because of the bond, the assignment was upheld. Hartford Accident & I. Co. v. Natchez Investment Co., 155 Miss. 31, 53, 119 So. 366. Plainly he is in no position to complain that the statute is invalid in its application to himself. Indeed, owner and builder do not declare themselves aggrieved, but, through silence and inaction, if not otherwise, evince submission and consent. The only other person whose interests are affected is the surety on the bond. If the statute is valid in its application to owner and builder, to obligee and principal, there can be no privilege of the surety to contract on better terms. The secondary obligation must follow the primary one and conform to its restraints. The surety has the alternative either to write its indemnities and guaranties upon the only terms permitted to obligee and principal or to renounce the writing altogether. The business of insurance is one peculiarly subject to supervision and control. German Alliance Ins. Co. v. Kansas, 233 U. S. 389; National Ins. Co. v. Wanberg, 260 U. S. 71; Hardware Dealers Mutual Fire Ins. Co. v. Glidden Co., supra. The Fourteenth Amendment does not make it necessary that materialmen and laborers shall be deprived of fair protection to the end that sureties for profit may be given an opportunity to diversity their bonds.
261. It is relative to many conditions of time and place and circumstance. The Constitution has not ordained that the forms of business shall be cast in imperishable moulds. There is no question here of the impairment of the obligation of a contract by later legislation. The act assailed by the appellants was in existence for many years before the bond in suit was written. Principal and surety, in writing it, became subject to the statutes then in force, and by these they must abide.
"Sec. 3. That, when any contractor or subcontractor entering into a formal contract with any person, firm or corporation for the construction of any building or work or the doing of any repairs, shall enter into a bond with such person, firm, or corporation guaranteeing the faithful performance of such contract and containing such provisions and penalties as the parties thereto may insert therein, such bond shall also be subject to the additional obligations that such contractor or subcontractor shall promptly make payments to all persons furnishing labor or material under said contract, and in the event such bond does not contain any such provisions for the payment of the claims of persons furnishing labor or material under said contract, such bond shall nevertheless inure to the benefit of such person furnishing labor or material under said contract the same as if such stipulation had been incorporated in said bond, and any such person who has furnished labor or materials used therein for which payment has not been made, shall have the rights to intervene and be made a party to any action instituted on such bond, and to have his rights adjudicated in such action and judgment rendered thereon, subject, however, to the priority of the rights or claim for damages or otherwise, of the obligee. If the full amount of the liability of the surety thereon is insufficient to pay the full amount of said claims and demands, then, after paying the full amount due to obligee, the remainder shall be distributed pro rata among said intervenors. The bond herein provided for may be made by any surety company authorized to do business in the State of Mississippi."
"it shall be the obligation of every contractor and subcontractor estimating upon work under this contract operation to figure and include within his bid to furnish a bond in the sum and conditioned as the law of the State of Mississippi requires, in a surety company satisfactory to the Owner or Architects. . . . The bond shall . . . secure the Owner the faithful performance of the contract, in strict accordance with plans and specifications,"
and "shall protect the Owner against all liens or claims that may be filed against the building according to the laws of the Mississippi."
Rio Grande Lumber Co. v. Darke, 50 Utah, 114, 167 P. 241; Roystone Co. v. Darling, 171 Cal. 526, 154 P. 15; American Indemnity Co. v. Burrows Hardware Co., 191 S.W. 574; cf., however, Gibbs v. Tally, 133 Cal. 373, 65 P. 970; Hess v. Denman Lumber Co., 218 S.W. 162, 164.

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