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Life cycles of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
Key to microfilariae commonly found in the blood.
Brugia malayi. (Left) Head of microfilaria; note that the sheath is not that clearly visible. (Right) Tail of microfilaria; note the sheath and the two terminal tail nuclei.
Brugia malayi. Both images show the microfilarial tail. Note the sheath and two terminal tail nuclei with the bulge in the tail.
Brugia timori microfilarial tail. Note the two terminal tail nuclei with no bulge in the tail.
Life cycle of Loa loa.
Loa loa microfilariae in blood. Note the presence of the sheath and the tail nuclei positioned to the end of the tail.
Loa loa. (Left) Microfilarial tail; note that the tail nuclei go to the tip of the tail. (Right) Microfilarial tail enlarged; note that the tail nuclei go to the tip of the tail.
Mansonella ozzardi microfilaria. Note that the microfilaria is unsheathed and that the tail is pointed and slightly flexed and has a longer caudal space than M. perstans.
Mansonella perstans microfilaria. Note that the microfilaria is unsheathed and that there is a cephalic space and very little caudal space.
Life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus.
Dirofilariasis. (Upper) Computed tomogram image with fine needle in left pulmonary round focus; round focus in right lung periphery. (Lower) Histology of resected “coin lesion” with immature Dirofilaria in the peripheral pulmonary artery; silver methenamine stain. (From R. Fueter and J.-O. Gebbers, Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 127: 2014, 1997, with permission).
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