Source: https://www.bafirm.com/practice-areas/qui-tam-litigation/federal-state-county-and-city-acts/montana-false-claims-act/
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 02:11:37+00:00

Document:
This part may be cited as the “Montana False Claims Act”.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 1.
(1) “Claim” includes any request or demand for money, property, or services made to an employee, officer, or agent of a governmental entity or to a contractor, grantee, or other recipient, whether under contract or not, if any portion of the money, property, or services requested or demanded issued from or was provided by a governmental entity.
(2) “Government attorney” means the attorney general except for complaints involving a unit of the university system.
(c) a unit of the Montana university system.
(b) A specific intent to defraud is not required.
(5) “Person” includes any natural person, corporation, firm, association, organization, partnership, limited liability company, business, trust, or other legal or business entity.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 2. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 1, eff. July 1, 2009.
(h) as a beneficiary of an inadvertent submission of a false or fraudulent claim to the governmental entity, subsequently discovers the falsity of the claim or that the claim is fraudulent and fails to disclose the false or fraudulent claim to the governmental entity within a reasonable time after discovery of the false or fraudulent claim.
(i) The person committing the act furnished the government attorney with all information known to that person about the act within 30 days after the date on which the person first obtained the information.
(ii) The person fully cooperated with any investigation of the act by the government attorney.
(iii) At the time that the person furnished the government attorney with information about the act, a criminal prosecution, civil action, or administrative action had not been commenced with respect to the act and the person did not have actual knowledge of the existence of an investigation into the act.
(b) A person who violates the provisions of this section is also liable to the governmental entity for the expenses, costs, and attorney fees of the civil action brought to recover the penalty or damages.
(3) Liability under this section is joint and several for any act committed by two or more persons.
(4) This section does not apply to claims, records, or statements made in relation to claims filed with the state compensation insurance fund under Title 39, chapter 71, or to claims, records, payments, or statements made under the tax laws contained in Title 15 or 16 or made to the department of natural resources and conservation under Title 77.
(d) that is based upon information discovered by a present or former employee of the governmental entity during the course of employment unless the employee first, in good faith, exhausted existing internal procedures for reporting and seeking recovery of the falsely claimed sums through official channels and the governmental entity failed to act on the information provided within a reasonable period of time.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 3. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 2, eff. July 1, 2009.
(b) 3 years after the date when facts material to the right of action are known or reasonably should have been known by the official of the governmental entity charged with responsibility to act in the circumstances.
(2) In no event may an action brought pursuant to subsection (1)(b) be brought more than 10 years after the date on which the violation was committed.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 4. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 3, eff. July 1, 2009.
The government attorney shall investigate an alleged violation of 17-8-403 and may file a civil action against any person who has violated or is violating 17-8-403.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 5. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 4, eff. July 1, 2009.
(1) A person may bring a civil action for a violation of 17-8-403 on behalf of the person and the governmental entity. The action must be brought in the name of the governmental entity. The action may be dismissed only if the court and the government attorney give written consent to the dismissal and provide their reasons for consenting to the dismissal.
(2) A copy of the complaint and written disclosure of substantially all material evidence and information that the person possesses must be served on the government attorney pursuant to Rule 4D, Montana Rules of Civil Procedure. The complaint must be filed under seal and must remain under seal for at least 60 days. The complaint may not be served upon the defendant until the court orders that it be served.
(3) Within 60 days after receiving the complaint and the material evidence and information, the government attorney may elect to intervene and proceed with the action or to notify the court that the government attorney declines to take over the action. If the government attorney declines to intervene or take over the action, the person bringing the action has the right to conduct the action. The government attorney may, for good cause shown, move the court for extensions of the time during which the complaint remains under seal.
(4) The defendant may not be required to respond to any complaint until 20 days after the complaint is unsealed and served upon the defendant pursuant to Rule 4D, Montana Rules of Civil Procedure.
(5) If the government attorney proceeds with the action, the government attorney has the primary responsibility for prosecuting the action and is not bound by an act of the person bringing the action. The person bringing the action has the right to continue as a party to the action subject to the limitations set forth in this part.
(b) the court, without limiting the status and rights of the person initiating the action, may permit the government attorney to intervene at a later date upon a showing of good cause.
(7) When a person files a civil action pursuant to this section, no person other than the government attorney may intervene or bring a related action based on the facts underlying the pending action.
(d) otherwise limiting the participation of the person in the litigation.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 6. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 5, eff. July 1, 2009.
On the motion of the government attorney, the court may dismiss a civil action notwithstanding the objection of the person who initiated the action if the government attorney has notified the person of the filing of the motion to dismiss and the court has given the person an opportunity to oppose the motion and present evidence at a hearing.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 7. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 6, eff. July 1, 2009.
(1) The plaintiff in an action under 17-8-405 or 17-8-406 shall prove each essential element of the cause of action, including damages, by a preponderance of the evidence.
(2) A person convicted of or who pleaded guilty or nolo contendere to a criminal offense may not deny the essential elements of the offense in an action under 17-8-405 or 17-8-406 that involves the same event or events as the criminal proceeding.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 9.
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), if the government attorney proceeds with an action brought by a person pursuant to 17-8-406, the person must receive at least 15% but not more than 25% of the proceeds recovered and collected in the action or in settlement of the claim, depending on the extent to which the person substantially contributed to the prosecution of the action.
(b) In determining the award, the court shall take into account the significance of the information and the role of the person bringing the action in advancing the case to litigation.
(3) Any payment to a person bringing an action pursuant to this part may be made only from the proceeds recovered and collected in the action or in settlement of the claim. The person must also receive an amount for reasonable expenses that the court finds to have been necessarily incurred, plus reasonable attorney fees and costs. The expenses, fees, and costs must be awarded against the defendant.
(4) If the government attorney does not proceed with an action pursuant to 17-8-406, the person bringing the action or settling the claim must receive an amount that the court decides is reasonable for collecting the civil penalty and damages on behalf of the government attorney or governmental entity. The amount may not be less than 25% or more than 30% of the proceeds recovered and collected in the action or settlement of the claim and must be paid out of the proceeds. The person must also receive an amount for reasonable expenses that the court finds were necessarily incurred, plus reasonable attorney fees and costs. All expenses, fees, and costs must be awarded against the defendant.
(5) Whether or not the government attorney proceeds with the action, if the court finds that the action was brought by a person who planned, initiated, or knowingly participated in the violation of 17-8-403, the court may, to the extent the court considers appropriate, reduce or eliminate the share of the proceeds of the action that the person would otherwise receive pursuant to subsections (1) through (4) of this section, taking into account the role of the person in advancing the case to litigation and any relevant circumstances pertaining to the violation. If the person bringing the action is convicted of criminal conduct arising from the person’s role in the violation of this part, the person must be dismissed from the civil action and may not receive any share of the proceeds of the action. The dismissal does not prejudice the right of the government attorney to continue the action.
(6) The governmental entity is entitled to any damages and civil penalty not awarded to the person, and the damages and civil penalty must be deposited in the general fund of the governmental entity, except that if a trust fund of the governmental entity suffered a loss as a result of the defendant’s actions, the trust fund must first be fully reimbursed for the loss and the remainder of the damages and any civil penalty must be deposited in the general fund of the governmental entity.
(7) Unless otherwise provided, the remedies or penalties provided by this part are cumulative to each other and to the remedies or penalties available under all other laws of the state.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 10. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 7, eff. July 1, 2009.
The governmental entity that filed a civil action or intervened is entitled to reasonable costs and attorney fees if the action is settled favorably for the governmental entity or the governmental entity prevails. In an action in which outside counsel is engaged by a government attorney, the costs and attorney fees awarded to that counsel must equal the outside counsel’s charges reasonably incurred for costs and attorney fees in prosecuting the action. In any other actions in which costs and attorney fees are awarded to the governmental entity, they must be calculated by reference to the hourly rate charged by the department of justice agency legal services bureau for the provision of legal services to state agencies, multiplied by the number of attorney hours devoted to the prosecution of the action, plus the actual cost of any expenses reasonably incurred in the prosecution of the action. A person who is a plaintiff or co-plaintiff is entitled to an amount or reasonable expenses that the court finds to have been necessarily incurred, plus reasonable costs and attorney fees, if the action is settled favorably for the governmental entity or the governmental entity prevails in the action. A defendant in a civil action brought pursuant to this part who prevails in an action that is not settled and that the court finds was clearly frivolous or brought solely for harassment purposes is entitled to the defendant’s reasonable costs and attorney fees, which must be equitably apportioned against the person who brought the action and the governmental entity if a person and a governmental entity were co-plaintiffs.
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 11. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 8, eff. July 1, 2009.
(1) A governmental entity or private entity may not adopt or enforce a rule, regulation, or policy preventing an employee from disclosing information to a government or law enforcement agency with regard to or from acting in furtherance of an investigation of a violation of 17-8-403or an action brought pursuant to 17-8-405 or 17-8-406.
(2) A governmental entity or private entity may not discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, or deny promotion to or in any other manner discriminate against an employee in the terms and conditions of employment because of the employee’s disclosure of information to a government or law enforcement agency pertaining to a violation of 17-8-403.
(iv) reasonable court or administrative proceeding costs and reasonable attorney fees.
(b) An employee may file an action for the relief provided in this subsection (3).
Enacted by Laws 2005, ch. 465, § 12. Amended by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 9, eff. July 1, 2009.
A government attorney may settle the case with a defendant notwithstanding the objections of the persons who initiated the action if the court determines, after a hearing, that the settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable under the circumstances. Upon a showing of good cause, the hearing may be held in camera.
Enacted by Laws 2009, ch. 64, § 10, eff. July 1, 2009.

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