Source: http://metcalflawnyc.com/criminal-law/2016516ineffective-assistance-of-counsel/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 10:47:20+00:00

Document:
The Sixth Amendment has also been interpreted to mean that, in absent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense unless he was represented by counsel. Most importantly, the right to counsel extends to the “critical stage” of accepting a plea bargain.
 5 Wayne R. LaFave, Jerold H. Israeal, Nancy J. King & Orin S. Kerr, Criminal Procedure§ 21.3(b) 710 (3rd ed. 2007).
 See Erwin Chemerinsky, Constitutional Law, Principles and Policies 980 (3rd ed. 2006).
 Kansas v. Ventris, 129 S. Ct. 1841, 1845 (2009) (quoting Michigan v. Harvey, 494 U.S. 344, 110 S. Ct. 1176 (1990)).
 Fellers v. United States, 540 U.S. 519, 124 S. Ct. 1019 (2004).
 See Michigan v. Johnson, 475 U.S. 625, 106 S. Ct. 1404 (1986) (holding that after initiation of adversary judicial proceedings, the Sixth Amendment provides the right to counsel at “critical stages,” even when there is no interrogation and no Fifth Amendment applicability); see also People v. Killebrew, 16 Mich. App. 624 (1969) (explaining the phrase “critical stage” means prosecutorial activity that had some effect on determination of guilt or innocence, which could properly be avoided, or mitigated, by presence of counsel); compare to People v. Sawyer, 222 Mich. App. 1 (1997) (finding that a post-lineup witness interview is not a critical stage requiring a defense attorney’s presence); compare with Hansel v. Bisard, 30 F. Supp. 2d 981 (E.D. Mich. 1998) (finding there is no right to counsel where a driver in a traffic accident had no reason to believe he was a criminal suspect).
 See 5 Wayne R. LaFave, Jerold H. Israeal, Nancy J. King & Orin S. Kerr, Criminal Procedure§ 21.3(a) (3rd ed. 2007).
 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694 (1984).
 Padilla, 130 S. Ct. at 1482.
 People v. Cristache, 29 Misc.3d 720, 740, 907 N.Y.S. 2d 833, 848 (2010) (quoting Boakye v. United States, 2010 WL 1645055, *6 (S.D.N.Y.2010)).
 Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
 See Donald A. Dripps, Ineffective Assistance of Counsel: The Case for an Ex Ante Parity Standard, 88 Crim. L. & Criminology 242, 243 (1997).

References: v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v.