Source: http://globalraptors.org/grin/SpeciesResults.asp?specID=8160
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 01:08:41+00:00

Document:
Other Names: Besra Sparrowhawk, Philippine Sparrowhawk.
Subspecies: 11 races. A. v. affinis: Northern INDIA and NEPAL east to central and southern CHINA and INDOCHINA; A. v. ablulali: ANDAMAN IS. and possibly NICOBAR IS.; A. v. besra: Southwestern INDIA and SRI LANKA (and southeastern INDIA?); A. v. confusus: Northern and eastern PHILIPPINES (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and Catanduanes Is.); A. v. fuscipectus: Mountains of TAIWAN; A. v. nisoides: MYANMAR and THAILAND (probably also the MALAY PENINSULA); A. v. quagga: Southeastern PHILIPPINES (Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Siquijor, and Mindanao Is.); A. v. quinquefasciatus: LESSER SUNDAS (Flores); A. v. rufotibialis: Northern BORNEO; A. v. vanbemmeli: SUMATRA; A. v. virgatus: JAVA and BALI.
Taxonomy: Formerly considered conspecific with A. gularis, but probably forms a superspecies with it and possibly A. nanus (see Mees (1981).
Movements: Partial migrant and also an altitudinal migrant in some areas(Bildstein 2006).
Habitat and Habits: Occurs in areas of closed-canopy shrubland, dense broad-leafed and coniferous forest, and woodland. Outside the breeding season it is also found around marshes, fish ponds, mangroves, and agricultural lands (Carey et al. 2001). In Sabah, it occurs in clearings, roadsides, and montane forest (Sheldon et al. 2001). Generally inconspicuous, typically perching in dense cover, but also perches in tall trees at the forest edge (Coates and Bishop 1997).
Clark, W.S. 1994. Besra. Pp. 155 in del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J.
Sparrowhawk]. Raptor Research of Taiwan 5:11-19.

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