Source: https://www.ijeat.org/download/volume-8-issue-1/
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 18:33:55+00:00

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Abstract: Nowadays, digital images play an important role in real life applications as well as in the area of research and technology. Most of these images are degraded due to the inaccuracy or limitations of the capturing, transmission and storage devices. Removal of noise from images is still a challenging task for many researchers because there is always a trade off between noise removal and fine edge preservation. The noisy image is decomposed into different frequency bands using Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). The noise in the image is considered to be Gaussian. The detail coefficients undergo threes holding using mean filter and wavelet coefficient magnitude. Inverse Stationary Wavelet Transform (ISWT) is performed. The resultant image is passed through a sharpening filter to get the denoised image that highlights edges and fine details in an image.
Keywords: Denoising, Stationary Wavelet Transform, Thresholding, Sharpening Filter.
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Fei Xiao and Yungang Zhang, "A Comparative Study on Thresholding Methods in Wavelet-Based Image Denoising",Advanced Control Engineering and Information Science , pp. 3998-4003, 2011.
Lei Zhang, Paul Bao, Xiaolin Wu, "Multiscale LMMSE-Based Image Denoising With Optimal Wavelet Selection", IEEE Transactionon Circuits and Systems for Video Technology Vol:15,No:4, pp: 469-481, April 2015.
Ajay K. Mandava and Emma E. Regentova, "Image denoising based on adaptive nonlinear diffusion in wavelet domain", Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol: 20, Sept2011.
Junmei Zhong and Huifang Sun, "Wavelet Based Multiscale Anisotropic Diffusion with Adaptive Statistical Analysis for Image Restoration", IEEE Transaction on Circuits and System,Vol:55, No:9,pp:2716-2725, Oct 2008.
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Abstract: Power electronic converters are used for conversion of power from either AC to DC or DC to AC. Inverters convert DC power to AC power. A voltage source inverter (VSI) has been in use for power inversion but it suffers from few disadvantages. One of those drawbacks is, a VSI works as a buck converter only. So, in VSI, it is not possible to get an output which is more than the given input. To overcome this drawback, in this paper, Impedance source Inverter (ZSI) is presented. This inverter behaves as buck-boost inverter,i.e., using this inverter, we can get output either more or less than the given input. The PWM technique used to control the inverter is the proposed Unipolar PWM technique.
Keywords: Inverter, Voltage Source Inverter, Impedance Source Inverter, Modified Unipolar PWM Technique.
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Hanif, M.Basu, K.Gaughan, “Understanding the operation of a Z-source inverter for photovoltaic application with a design example”, published in IET power electronics journal, volume 4, Issue 3, 2011.
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Ali Algaddafi, KhalifaElnaddab, Abdullah Al Ma’mari, Abdelrahim Nasser Esgiar, “Comparing the Performance of Bipolar and Unipolar Switching Frequency to Drive DC-AC Inverter”, IEEE 2016.
Abstract: According to The American Cancer Society, In the US. they estimated that there will be 160,390 deaths from lung cancer and that 213,380 new cases will be diagnosed in 2007. The accurate diagnosis of the lung nodule in case of determine either malignant or benign requires a lot of resources to read the ever increasing volume of detecting nodules on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). So, the motivation for developing and enhancing the performance and accuracy of computer-aided-diagnosis systems (CADx) for HRCT has been the focus of many research groups to alleviate this burden. In this work, we report the results of a new CADx system that provides enhanced detecting performance. We utilize an optimized set of texture features using feature selection and apply the new system using Datasets provided by National Cancer Institute (NCI)’s and The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The results compared well to previous work with classification accuracy performance of 89.4% and 86% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The implementation details and analysis of the proposed system are described in this paper. The results of the new system will contribute a significant impact on the accuracy of such systems and hence the enhancement of detecting process outcome.
Keywords: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, Digital Mammogram, Gabor Wavelets Feature, Support Vector Machines, Classification.
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Armato III, Samuel G.; Hadjiiski, Lubomir; Tourassi, Georgia D.; Drukker, Karen; Giger, Maryellen L.; Li, Feng; Redmond, George; Farahani, Keyvan; Kirby, Justin S.; Clarke, Laurence P. (2015). SPIE-AAPM-NCI Lung Nodule Classification Challenge Dataset. The Cancer Imaging Archive. http://doi.org/10.7937/K9/TCIA.2015.UZLSU3FL.
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Abstract: Digital mammogram X-ray is commonly used for breast cancer diagnosis, where computer aided diagnosis (CADx) algorithms are used to help the radiologists process the large volume of data with more accurate diagnosis. In this study, we developed a new CADx algorithm applied and tested on digital X-ray mammogram images from a standard test database from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS). The algorithm starts by extracting features using Gabor wavelet transform of different level of orientation and wavelengths. After that, the dimension of the extracted features is reduced through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier of Gaussian kernel. The model perfectly fitted the training data with 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in detecting malignant cases versus benign ones. Furthermore, the model performed well on testing set with 90% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 89% specificity.
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Abstract: (Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are becoming more popular in the sensing applications where high precision is required. Fiber Bragg Grating is a periodic variation of refractive index in an optic fiber. Basically FBG is a wavelength selective filter for the optical signals. Filter frequency is based on the pitch length of the grating .Due to strain, the pitch length changes, which in turn changes the peak wavelength of the reflected spectrum. From the center wavelength shift, strain can be computed. Due to temperature , there is an indirect strain inducement in the fiber which can alter the peak wavelength in an indirect way .By computing the change in peak wavelength shift , temperature can also be measured .In this work, noise filtering was carried out with different filters like Butterworth LPF, Gaussian Filter and wavelet de-noising technique. After each filtering, Gaussian fitting technique was used to calculate the peak wavelength of the reflected spectrum since the reflected spectrum resembles with Gaussian distribution. It was observed that Wavelet de-noising associated with Gaussian fitting is more better in terms of peak wavelength shift after filtering .Studied the effect of temperature by applying constant strain at different temperatures in a digitally controlled oven .Observed that peak wavelength is same for a particular temperature at different instances while thermal cycling was carried out . A bonded sensor was tested to find the correlation between signals at different temperatures and found that the signal spectrum is highly correlated at different temperatures and thereby came to a conclusion that existing wavelet de-noising technique with Gaussian fitting can be used reliably for measuring the central wavelength shift.
Keywords: Gaussian fitting, Gaussian distribution, Fiber Bragg Grating, Optical Spectral Analyzer.
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Abstract: Photovoltaic energy generation is considered to be one of the most promising sources of renewable green energy because it is clean, inexhaustible and requires less maintenance. However, the efficiency and gain obtained from PV systems are not satisfactory. The output of a single PV cell is about 0.6V and hence high gain dc-dc converters are required to step up the voltage. Solar energy for off-grid power sources is preferred to be the best solution for rural households, which don’t have an uninterrupted power supply, across India. PV power generation for DC appliances will prove to be beneficial as the DC-AC conversion is eliminated. This paper discusses three topologies of DC-DC converters that act as an interface between PV and the load. The topologies investigated in this paper include Boost, Luo, and Luo-buck converters. The configuration of these converters is studied and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The operative parameters such as conversion gain, output voltage ripple, output current ripple, stress across the semiconductor devices and input current ripple are computed and the results are compared. From the results, it is found that the Luo-Buck DC-DC converter results in better performance compared to the other two topologies. The theoretical results are verified in simulation.
Keywords: PV; Boost, Luo; Luo-Buck; DC-DC Converters; Ripple; Stress.
M.Hansaneen, Adel.A.Elbaset Mohammed, Design and Simulation of DC-DC Boost Converter, IEEE Transaction, 2008.
Luo, F.L; Ye, H., Ultra-lift Luo-converter, Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings, vol.152, no.1, p.27-32, 7 Jan. 2005.
Nimimol, Dr. V. Gopalakrishnan and Immanuel John Samuel, Comparative analysis of SEPIC and Luo converter with MPPT algorithms, Journal of Information, knowledge, and research in electrical engineering, Vol. 03, no. 02, 2013.
Soedibyo, Mochamad Ashari and Budi Amri, the comparative study of Buck-Boost, Cuk, Sepic and Zeta Converters for maximum power point tracking photovoltaic using P&O method, 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), 2015.
He and Luo, “Analysis of Luo converters with voltage-lift circuit”, IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, Volume: 152 , Issue: 5, Sept. 2005.
Fang Lin Luo and Hong Ye” Advance DC/DC Converters”. CRC Press, London, U.K. pp.38-41.
Pandiarajan, Ranganath Muthu, Mathematical modeling of a photovoltaic module with Simulink, 2011 1st International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems, Newport Beach, CA, USA, 2011.
Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have made it possible to obtain images for all types of mapping data in fast and economic way. However, it is necessary to know the accuracy of the data and if it is within the allowable limits. This study aims to compare the accuracy of digital surface model (DSM) for an area that is derived from using two UAVs types. Ux5 and Aibotix. Both UAVs were used to obtain coordinates of reference points in order to determine the accuracy of the imagery produced from them. The coordinates were compared two times, one from the imagery acquired with a digital camera on board(Ux5) and second from imagery acquired withal digital camera on board Aibotix type. The UAVs flight height was100 m above ground. Twelve ground control points (G.C.Ps)marked by checkerboard mat were considered for data comparison. The horizontal coordinates (E,N) were obtained from the other rectified images derived from the two UAV types. The reference coordinates of the G.C. Paused for comparison were determinedly using G.P.S Leica Viva GNSS receiver with horizontal accuracy of (±3mm + 0.1ppm).The RMSE found to be σ∆E=±1.85cm and, σ∆N=±2.58cm for easting and northing respectively with total RMSE = ±3.17cmfor the Ux5, and found to be σ∆E=±2.15cm and, σ∆N=±3.67cm with total RMSE = ±4.25cm for the Aibotix. According to standards of American Society for Photogrammetric and Remote Sensing (ASPRS)andNational Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy2014(NSSDA),the horizontal accuracy for both Ux5 and Aibotix reported at the 95% confidence level can be categorized as class I and class II respectively. That indicate that the image obtained from Ux5 is more precise than Aibotix one.
Keywords: Ux5, Aibotix, Accuracy of UAV Imagery, Checkerboard Mat.
Abstract: This study aims to produce nano-sized montmorillonite particles which will be developed as polymer composites fillers. Montmorillonite particles were sieved and then calcined. Ball Milling process was applied to montmorillonite to achieve better particle size. Analyzing using Particle size analyzer (PSA) was carried out on montmorillonite powder without calcination process, calcined montmorillonite powder, and calcined montmorillonite which had ball milling treatment for 5,000 cycles and 10,000 cycles. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) used to find out the structure of particles due to the type of treatment that has been applied. As a result, the PSA shows that the calcination treatment produces smaller particle sizes. The smaller particle size was shown by the results of PSA testing of calcined montmorillonite powder and subjected to ball milling treatment for 10,000 cycles. The micrograph results confirm this phenomenon, where particles of 200nm appear on the powder that has undergone calcination and ball mill treatment.
Keywords: Ball Milling, Calcination, Montmorillonite, PSA.
S. Senthil Kumar, N. Mohana Sundara Raju, P.S. Sampath and L.S. Jayakumari, “Effects Of Nanomaterials On Polymer Composites - An Expatiate View.” (Rev.Adv.Mater. Sci. 38 2014), pp. 40-54.
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Abstract: This project is about vehicle collision safety detection system using an ultrasonic sensor for a car. We use the application of electronic systems embedded in automobile which is expected to minimize the vehicle accident disaster. This project concentrates on developing a model of rear end vehicle collision avoidance system that will detect the distance between two moving vehicles, alert the driver whenever he or she is in danger range using a microcontroller.
Keywords: Collision Safety Detection, Safety Distance Calculation, Alarming the Driver, IOT, Vehicle Collision.
Abstract: In every place, prominent amount of electricity is being used for street lighting. Some streets of the city may have less regularity of vehicles, but the amount of energy consumed is equal at every place. Due to this a large amount of energy is wasted. So in our proposed system we will replace the high intensity discharge lamps with LEDs. These LEDs can change its intensity based upon the requirement. LDR (Light Dependent Register) are used to sense the vehicle's movement and if there is a decrease in passers-by then automatically the intensity of light will be reduced. Hence, our proposed street lighting system can also stabilize the lighting conditions according to the weather environment.
Keywords: LDR, LED, Microcontroller, Arduino UNO, Street Lighting Automation, Solar Panel.
AndiAdriansyah, Akhmad Wahyu Dani, Gerri Irman Nugraha "Automation Control and Monitoring of Public Street Lighting System based on Internet of Things".
BhagyashreeBeeraladinni, AnkitaPattebahadur "Effective Street Light Automation By Self Responsive Cars For Smart Transportation".
Chen- Wei Yang ,Evgeny Nefedov, Seppo Sierla, Paul Flikkema "Vehicle and Pedestrain Aware Street Lighting Automation".
duTiot, C.Kruger, G.P .Hancke and T.D Ramotsoela "Smart Street Lights using Power Line Communication".
Ramadhani, K. A. Bakar and M. G. Shafer, "Optimization of standalone street light system with consideration of lighting control," 2013 The International Conference on Technological Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (TAEECE), Konya, 2013, pp. 583-588.
MaryGladence, M.Karthi, V.MariaAnu ”A Statistical Comparison of Logistic Regression and different Bayes Classification Methods for Machine Learning“ ARPNJournal of Engineering and Applied Sciences ISSN: 1819-6608 in Vol 10,No 14 August2015, Pg 5947-5953.
Abstract: Coupled ferrite and dielectric image guides with nonreciprocal behavior in Ka-band (26–38 GHz) have been investigated experimentally with the help of electric probes. The ferrite element has been magnetized inhomogeneously by a disk-shaped permanent magnet. The distributions of all three electric field components in forward and backward direction of propagation have been measured along the coupling length. Examination of measured distributions permit to clarify the operating mechanism of the nonreciprocal ferrite-dielectric structure. This structure can be used for design of nonreciprocal devices, namely isolators for this part of millimeter wave range.
Keywords: Coupled Image Guide Structures, Image Guide, Ferrite Materials, Nonreciprocal Devices, Millimeter Waves.
S. Akyol and L. E. Davis, “Measurements of a leaky-wave ferrite isolator”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 51, May 2003, pp. 1476–1481.
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Arestova, “Computer aided investigation of the dominant mode on the homogeneously magnetized ferrite image guide”, Annuaire de l’Universite de Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculte de Physique, vol. 111, 2018, pp. 41–50.
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Abstract: Model Predictive Control is gaining attention as a versatile tool for multi-phase drives. In the direct digital control configuration the predictive controller can use a finite number of control actions. This allows the use of exhaustive optimization to derive the control action. Using a cost function it is possible to consider several control objectives, such as current, torque or flux tracking. Also, different additional criteria such as switching frequency, harmonic distortion or torque ripple can be considered. Tuning of the controller involves assigning a value to weighting factors used by the cost function. This has been studied in detail for predictive torque controllers. In this paper three design strategies for designing predictive current controllers are compared. The first uses fixed weighting factors, the second eliminates weighting factors by using a ranking based selection and the last considers a local optimization of the weighting factors.
Keywords: Multiphase Systems, Model Predictive Control, Cost Function, Weighting Factors.
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Abstract: The paper presents the research’s results in extracting the size from the sizing system table of the human body measurements, which has got 24 sizes with 5 kinds of different inside legs from the sample has got 542 men who are living in Southern Vietnam and from 18 to 25 years old. The Principal Component Analysis to choose of the best primary dimensions to design the target function with force conditions and edge conditions. This target function is the function of multiple linear regression models. The mathematical model with input are variables of primary dimensions that are the inside leg measurement and the neck size measurements, these variables values have in the sizing system table. The result is the size need. This model support to look for sizes in the shortest time. Extracting sizes are very useful in the manufacture of garments and business clothing by online, face to face. It will reduce the time to choose the size for fitting body measurements.
Keywords: Sizing System, Primary Dimension, Extracting Size, Inside Leg, Neck Size.
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