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Timestamp: 2019-04-23 18:46:12+00:00

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2(1) This Act may be called the Advocates Act, 1961.
(3) It 3[shall, in relation to the territories other than those referred to in sub-section (4) come into force] on such date 4 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, and different dates3 may be appointed for different provisions of this Act.
5[(4) This Act shall, in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir6 and the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, come into force on such date7 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint in this behalf, and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act.
1. Subs, by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 2, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. The Act has been extended to The Union territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli by Regulation 8 of 1963. The Union territory of Pondicherry by Act 26 of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch.
3. Subs, by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
S.O. 1870, dated 7th August, 1961 16-08-61 Chapters I, II and VII.
S.O. 2790, dated 24th November, 1961 01-12-61 Chapter III and sub-section (2) of section 50.
S.O. 2919, dated 13th December, 1961 15-12-61 Sub-section (1) of section 50.
S.O. 297, dated 24th January, 1962 24-01-62 Section 51 and 52.
S.O. 63, dated 7th June 1968 in the Union territory of Pondicherry 10-06-68 Chapters I, II and III, section 32, Chapters IV, V, VI, VII and VIII.
S.O. 1500, dated 5th April, 1969 01-06-69 Sections 29, 31, 33 and 34 of Chapter IV .
G.S.R. 84(E), dated 21st February, 1979 01-06-69 in the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu Except section 30.
5. Sub-section (4) ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec, 2.
6. 1-8-1986 vide G.S.R. 1946(E), dated 15-7-1986 (except section 30) the Act is enforced in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
7. 1-6-1979, vide G.S.R. 84(E)/1979, (except section 30) the Act is enforced in Goa, Daman and Diu.
(n) “State roll” means a roll of advocates prepared and maintained by a State Bar Council under section 17.
1. Section 2 renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Clause (c) omitted by Act 107 of 1976, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 15-10-1976).
6. Subs. by Act 107 of 1976 sec. 2 for vakil or attorney (w.e.f. 15-10-1976).
18[(3) There shall be a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman of each State Bar Council elected by the Council in such manner as may be prescribed.
19[(4) An Advocate shall be disqualified from voting at an election under sub-section (2) or for being chosen as, and for being, a member of State Bar Council, unless he possesses such qualifications or satisfies such conditions as may be prescribed in this behalf by the Bar Council of India, and subject to any such rules that may be made, an electoral roll shall be prepared and revised from time to time by each State Bar Council.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Ins. by Act 30 of 2000, sec. 28 (w.e.f. 15-11-2000).
3. Subs. by Act 28 of 2000, sec. 24, for “and Madhya Pradesh” (w.e.f. 1-11-2000).
4. The word “Madras” omitted by Act 26 of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch.—Part I (w.e.f. 24-5-1968).
5. The word “Maharashtra” omitted by the Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Civil Courts and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations, 1963 (8 of 1963), sec. 12 (w.e.f. 1-7-1965).
6. Subs. by the Mysore State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1974, for “Mysore” (w.e.f. 1-11-1973).
7. Subs. by Act 29 of 2000, sec. 29, for “and Uttar Pradesh” (w.e.f. 9-11-2000).
8. Subs. by Act 69 of 1986, sec. 19, for clause (b) (w.e.f. 24-12-1986). Earlier clause (b) was substituted by Act 81 of 1971, sec. 34(3) and by Act 34 of 1986, sec. 16.
9. Subs. by Act 34 of 1973, sec. 5, for “the Union territory of the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands” (w.e.f. 1-11-1973).
10. Ins. by Act 26 of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch.—Part I (w.e.f. 26-5-1968).
11. Subs. by the Madras State (Alteration of Name) (Adaptation of Laws on Union Subjects) Order, 1970, for “State of Madras” (w.e.f. 14-1-1969). * Now Tamil Nadu.
12. Subs. by Act 18 of 1987, sec. 21, for clause (ccc) (w.e.f. 30-5-1987). Earlier clause (cc) was inserted by the Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Civil Courts and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations, 1963 (8 of 1963), regulation 12 and was re-lettered as clause (ccc) by Act 26 of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch.—Part I (w.e.f. 26-5-1968) and it was amended by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
13. Subs. by Act 53 of 1970, sec. 24, for clause (d) (w.e.f. 25-1-1971).
14. Subs. by Act 81 of 1971, sec. 34, for “Union Territories of Tripura and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands” (w.e.f. 21-1-1972).
15. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
16. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 4, for clause (b) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
17. Ins. by Act 21 of 1964, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 16-5-1964).
18. Subs. by Act 38 of 1977, sec. 2, for sub-section (3). Earlier sub-section (3) was substituted by Act 107 of 1976, sec. 3 (w.e.f. 13-9-1976).
19. Ins. by Act 21 of 1964, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 16-5-1964).
20. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 4 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3[(2) There shall be a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman of the Bar Council of India elected by the Council in such manner as may be prescribed.
1. Clause (bb) omitted by Act 38 of 1977 sec. 3 (w.e.f. 31-10-1977).
2. Inserted by Act 60 of 1973 sec 5 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974)..
3. Substituted by Act 38 of 1977 sec 3 for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 31-10-1979).
(h) to perform all other functions conferred on it by or under this Act; (i) to do all other things necessary for discharging the aforesaid functions.
(i) Model Bye-Laws framed by Bar Council of U.P. which were adopted by the Bar Council Association of Advocates. The petitioner objected in his writ petition that section 6 of the Advocates Act does not confer power to frame Model Bye-Laws and/or compel Bar Association of advocates to adopt it. None of the members of the Bar Council Association of Advocates, other than the petitioner, had challenged the enforcement of the Model Bye-Laws. The petitioner (as individual) in case of his genuine grievance can, if so desired, approach appropriate authority (in this case Register of Societies) under Societies Act) for redressal of his grievance; Neel Kanth Tiwari v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 2006 All 243.
(ii) When once the resolution was quashed petitioners continue to be members of the Bar Association and such continuance would enable them to get the requisite stamps from the Bar Association and practise the profession; V. Abdul Azeez v. Alappuzha Bar Association, AIR 1993 Ker 201.
1 Inserted by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 2(i)(a).
2. Inserted by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 6 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3. Substituted by Act 70 of 1993 sec. 2(i) (b).
4. Sub-section (2) and (3) subs. by Act 60 of 1973 sec.6 for sub -section (2).
6. Sub-sections (2) and (3) subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 6, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
5(3) The Bar Council of India may receive any grants, donations, gifts or benefactions for all or any of the purposes specified in sub-section (2) which shall be credited to the appropriate fund or funds constituted under that sub-section].
2. Inserted by Act 70 of 1993.
3. Inserted by Act 60 of 1973.
7A. Membership in international bodies.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 8 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
8. The term of office of an elected member of a State Bar Council.
1[8. The term of office of an elected member of a State Bar Council.
Provided that where a State Bar Council fails to provide for the election of its members before the expiry of the said term, the Bar Council of India may, by order for reasons to be recorded in writing, extend the said term, the Bar Council of India may, by order, for reasons to be recorded in writing, extend the said term for a period not exceeding six months.
The term of the elected members of the Bar Council of Delhi was extended by the Bar Council of India before expiry of its five years term. The extention granted by the Bar Council of India was valid; Javed Rahat v. Bar Council of India, AIR 2006 Del 200.
1. Section 8 subs. by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 4, for section 8 (w.e.f. 26-12-1993).
8A. Constitution of Special Committee in the absence of election.
1 Constitution of Special Committee in the absence of election.
(ii) two members to be nominated by the Bar Council of India from amongst advocates on the electoral roll of the State Bar Council, to discharge the functions of the State Bar Council until the Bar Council is constituted under this Act.
(c) all proceedings pending before the State Bar Council in respect of any disciplinary matter or otherwise shall stand transferred to the Special Committee.
(3) The Special Committee constituted under sub-section (1) shall, in accordance with such directions as the Bar Council of India may give to it in this behalf, hold elections to the State Bar Council within a period of six months from the date of its constitution under sub-section (1), and where, for any reason the Special Committee is not in a position to conduct election within the said period of six months, the Bar Council of India may, for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, extend the said period.
1. Section 8A subs. by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 4, for section 8 (w.e.f. 26-12-1993).
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any disciplinary committee constituted prior to the commencement of the Advocates (Amendment) Act, 1964, (21 of 1964) may dispose of the proceedings pending before it as if this section had not been amended by the said Act.
(1) A Bar Council may constitute one or more legal aid committees each of which shall consist of such number of members, not exceeding nine but not less than five, as may be prescribed.
10. Constitution of committee other than disciplinary committees.
(3) A State Bar Council and the Bar Council of India may constitute from amongst its members such other committees as it may deem necessary for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this Act.
10A. Transaction of business by Bar Councils and committees thereof.
2[(1) The Bar Council of India shall meet at New Delhi or at such other place as it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, determine.
(4) Every Bar Council and every committee thereof except the disciplinary committees shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at their meetings as may be prescribed.
1 Inserted by Act 60 of 1973 Sec. 10 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
10B. Disqualification of members of Bar Council.
An elected member of a Bar Council shall be deemed to have vacated his office if he is declared by the Bar Council of which he is a member to have been absent without sufficient excuse from three consecutive meetings of such Council, or if his name is, for any cause, removed from the roll of advocates or if he is otherwise disqualified under any rule made by the Bar Council of India.
1. Section 10A renumbered as section 10B by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 10 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
1[(3) As soon as may be practicable at the end of each financial year, but not later than the 31st day of December of the year next following, a State Bar Council shall send a copy of its accounts together with a copy of the report of the auditors thereon to the Bar Council of India and shall cause the same to be published in the Official Gazette.
1. Sub-sections (3) and (4) subs. by Act 63 of 1973, sec. 11, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f.31-1-1974).
13. Vacancies in Bar Councils and Committees thereof not to invalidate action taken.
No act done by a Bar Council or any committee thereof shall be called in question on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of the Council or committee, as the case may be.
(d) the manner in which and the authority by which doubts and disputes as to the validity of an election to the Bar Council 4[or to the office of the Chairman or Vice-Chairman] shall be finally decided.
1. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 12, for clause (a) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Clause (b) omitted by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3. Clause (c) ins. by Act 38 of 1977, sec. 5 (w.r.e.f. 31-10-1977).
4. Ins. by Act 38 of 1977, sec. 5 (w.r.e.f. 31-10-1977).
5. Clause (e) omitted by Act 23 of 1966, sec. 3 (w.r.e.f. 16-8-1961).
6. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
7. The words “the times and places where such meetings are to be held” omitted by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 12 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
16. Senior and other advocates.
(2) An advocate may, with his consent, be designated as senior advocate if the Supreme Court or a High Court is of opinion that by virtue of his ability, 1[standing at the Bar or special knowledge of experience in law] he is deserving of such distinction.
2[PROVIDED that where any such senior advocate makes an application before the 31st December, 1965 to the Bar Council maintaining the roll in which his name has been entered that he does not desire to continue as a senior advocate, the Bar Council may grant the application and the roll shall be altered accordingly].
1 Substituted by Act 60 of 1993 for words “experience and standing at the Bar”.
2 Added by Act 21 of 1964.
17. State Bar Councils to maintain roll of advocates.
1. Substituted by Act 60 of 1973 for words “and who within the prescribed time”.
2. Substituted by Act 21 of 1964 for words “and, such seniority shall be determined”.
3. Clause (c) omitted by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 14 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
4. Inserted by Act 47 of 1980.
18. Transfer of name from one State roll to another.
1[PROVIDEO that where any such application for transfer is made by a person against whom any disciplinary proceeding is pending or where for any other reason it appears to the Bar Council of India that the application for transfer has not been made bona fide and that the transfer should not be made, the Bar Council of India may, after giving the person making the application an opportunity of making a representation in this behalf, reject the application].
1. Added by Act 21 of 1964.
Every State Bar Council shall send to the Bar Council of India an authenticated copy of the roll of advocates prepared by it for the first time under this Act and shall thereafter communicate to the Bar Council of India all alterations in, the addition to, any such roll, as soon as the same have been made.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this chapter, every advocate who is entitled as of right to practise in the Supreme Court immediately before the appointed day and whose name is not entered in any State roll may, within the prescribed time, express his intention in the prescribed form to the Bar Council of India for the entry of his name in the roll of a State Bar Council and on receipt thereof the Bar Council of India shall direct that the name of such advocate shall, without payment of any fee, be entered in the roll of that State Bar Council, and the State Bar Council concerned shall comply with such direction.
(3) Where an advocate referred to in sub-section (1) omits or fails to express his intention within the prescribed time, his name shall be entered in the roll of the State Bar Council of Delhi].
1. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 15 for section 20 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
1. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 16, for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
(1) There shall be issued a certificate of enrolment in the prescribed form by the State Bar Council of every person whose name is entered in the roll of advocates maintained by it under this Act.
1. Section 17 subs. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec. 22 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
(1) The Attorney General of India shall have pre-audience over all other advocates.
(4) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), 2[(2), (3) and (3A)] the Advocate General of any State shall have pre-audience over all other advocates, and, the right of pre-audience among Advocates-General inter se shall be determined by their respective seniority.
(ii) The right of pre-audience over senior advocates inter se and other advocates inter se shall be determined by their respective seniority.
1. Ins. By Act No. 47 of 1980 sec. 3 (w.e.f. 29-11-1980).
2. Subs. by Act 47 of 1980 for the brackets, figures and words “(2) and (3)”.
24. Persons who may be adopted as advocates on a State roll.
Provided that where such person is a member of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and produces a certificate to the effect from such authority as may be -scribed, the enrolment fee payable by him to the State Bar Council shall be9[one hundred rupees and to the Bar Council of India, twenty-five rupees].
10[Explanation -For the purposes of this sub-section, a person shall be deemed to have obtained a degree in law from a University in India on the date on which the results of the examination for that degree are published by the University on its notice-board or otherwise declaring him to have passed that examination].
1. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 for 28th day of February 1963 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Subs. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec 18 for clause (iii) (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3. Ins by act 21 of 1964 sec. 13.
4. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 for he is a barrister (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
5. Ins. By Act No. 107 of 1976 sec. 6 (w.e.f. 15-10-1976).
6. Clause (d) omitted by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
7. Clause (f) subs. by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
8. Subs. By Act No. 70 of 1993 sec 6.
9. Subs. By Act No. 70 of 1993 sec 6.
11. Subs by Act 21 of 1964 sec. 13 for certain words.
12. Sub-section (3) and (4) ins. by Act 21 of 1964 sec. 13.
13. The words before the 31st day of March 1964 and then in force omitted by act 33 of 1968 sec. 2 (w.e.f. 5-6-1968).
14. Sub-clause (aa) ins by act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
15. Sub clause (b) omitted by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 18 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
16. Sub-section (4) omitted by Act 107 of 1976 sec. 6.
(a) If he is convicted of an offence involving moral turpitude.
(b) If he is convicted of an offence under the provision s of the Untouchables (Offences) Act, 1955.
2(c) (Note:- Ins. by Act 70 of 1993, sec.7) If he is dismissed or removed from employment or office under the State or any charge involving moral turpitude.
Explanation- In this clause, the expression “State” shall have the meaning assigned to it under article 12 of the Constitution.
Provided that the disqualification for enrolment as aforesaid shall cease to have effect after a period of two years has elapsed since his 3release or dismissal or, as the case may be, removal.
(2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to a person who having been found guilty is dealt with under the provision of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (20 of 1958).
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 19 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Ins. by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 7(i) (w.e.f. 26-12-1993).
3. Subs. by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 7(ii), for “release” (w.e.f. 26-12-1993).
26. Disposal of an application for admission as an Advocate.
(2) Where the enrolment committee of State Bar Council proposes to refuse any such application, it shall refer the application for opinion to the Bar Council of India and every such reference shall be accompanied by a statement of the grounds in support of the refusal of the application.
(3) The enrolment committee of State Bar Council shall dispose of any application referred to the Bar Council of India under sub-section (2) in conformity with the opinion of the Bar Council of India.
26A. Power to remove names from roll.
1[26A. Power to remove names from roll.
(e) The instilments in which the enrolment fee may be paid.
(3) No rules made under this Chapter shall have effect unless the Bar Council of India has approved them.
1. Clause (a) subs. by Act No. 60 of 1973 sec 21.
29. Advocates to be the only recognised class of persons entitled to practice law.
30. Right of advocates to practise.
(iii) Before any other authority or person before whom such advocate is by or under any law for the time being in force entitled to practice.
The professional duty includes the counseling to client, legal opinions, drafting, affidavits, pleading and participating in Law Conference, Pravin C. Shah v. K.A. Mohd. Ali, (2001) 8 SCC 650.
1. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 22, for “common roll” (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
Omitted by the advocates (amendment) act 1976 (107 of 1976) sec. 7.
33. Advocates alone entitle to practise.
1[(1A) The High Court shall make rules for fixing and regulating by taxation or otherwise the fees payable as costs by any party in respect of the fees of his adversary’s advocate upon all proceedings in the High Court or in any Court subordinate thereto.
1. Ins. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec 23 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Omitted by act 107 of 1976 sec. 8 (w.e.f. 1-1-1977 and again ins. by Act No. 38 of 1977 sec 6 (w.e.f. 31-10-1977.
3. Omitted by Act No. 107 of 1976 sec 8 (w.e.f. 1-1-1977.
35. Punishment of advocates for misconduct.
(1) Where on receipt of a complaint or otherwise a State Bar Council has reason to believe that any advocate its roll has been guilty of professional or other misconduct, it shall refer the case for disposal to its disciplinary committee.
(2) The disciplinary committee of a State Council 2[***] shall fix a date for the hearing of the case and shall cause a notice thereof to be given to the advocate concerned and to the Advocate General of the State.
(4) Where an advocate is suspended from practice under clause(c) of subsection (3) he shall, during the period of suspension, be debarred from practicing in any court or before any authority or person in India.
(5) Where any notice is issued to the Advocate-General under subsection (2), the Advocate-General may appear before the disciplinary committee of the State Bar Council either in person or through any advocate appearing on his behalf.
3[Explanation. -In this section 4[Section 37 and Section 38] the expression Advocate General’ and ‘Advocate-General of the State’ shall, in relation to the Union territory of Delhi, mean the Additional Solicitor General of India].
(i) Fees of advocate were not paid and the advocate had retained files of his client for not paying his fees. Question as to whether fees payable or not to advocate being disputed question of fact cannot be adjudicated upon either by the High Court or by Supreme Court in proceedings filed by the client claiming return of his files (papers). It is open for the advocate to file appropriate proceedings for recovery of his fees; New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. A.K. Saxena, AIR 2004 SC 311.
(ii) Where the solicitor calls to the property holders to his office to execute the release deeds in the name of his clients though such conduct is unprofessional, but he cannot be liable to be convicted under IPC and TADA, State of Maharashtra v. Bharat Chaganlal Raghani, AIR 2002 Sc 409.
(iii) When an advocate after accepting fees in a criminal case does not attend the trial day-to-day, he commits breach of his professional duty; S.J. Choudhary v. State, AIR 1984 SC 618.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 24 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3. Ins. by Act 21 of 1964, sec. 17 (w.e.f. 16-5-1964).
4. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 24 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
36. Disciplinary powers of Bar Council of India.
(1) Where on receipt of a complaint or otherwise the Bar Council of India has reason to believe that any advocate1[***] whose name is not entered on any State roll has been guilty of professional or other misconduct, it shall refer the case for disposal to its disciplinary committee.
2[either of its own motion or on a report by any State Bar Council or an application made to it by any person interested], withdraw for inquiry before itself any proceedings for disciplinary action against any advocate pending before the disciplinary committee of any State Bar Council and dispose of the same.
(4) In disposing of any proceedings under this section the disciplinary committee of’ the Bar Council of India may make any order which the disciplinary committee of a State Bar Council can make under sub-section (3) of Section 35, and where any proceedings have been withdrawn for inquiry 3before the disciplinary committee of the Bar Council of India the State Bar Council concerned shall give effect to any such order.
1. The words “on the common roll” omitted by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 25 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
2. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 25, for “of its own motion” (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
3. Subs. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 25, for “before the Bar Council of India” (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
36A. Changes in constitution of disciplinary committees.
1[36A. Changes in constitution of disciplinary committees.
Whenever in respect of any proceedings under Section 35 or Section 36, a disciplinary committee of the State Bar Council or a disciplinary committee of the Bar Council of India cease to exercise jurisdiction and is succeeded by another committee which has and exercises jurisdiction, the disciplinary committee of the State Bar Council or the disciplinary committee of the Bar Council of India, as the case may be, so succeeding may continue the proceedings from the stage at which the proceedings were so left by its predecessor committee.
1. Ins. By Act 60 No. of 1973 sec. 26 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 26 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
37. Appeal to the Bar Council of India.
(1) Any person aggrieved by in order of the disciplinary committee of a State Bar Council made 1[under Section 35] 2[or the Advocate-General of the State] may, within sixty days of the date of the communication of the order to him, prefer an appeal to the Bar Council of India.
(2) Every such appeal shall be heard by the disciplinary committee of the Bar Council of India which may pass such order 2[including an order varying the punishment awarded by the disciplinary committee of the State Bar Council] thereon as it deems fit.
1. Subs. By Act No. 21 Of 1964, for the words ‘under subsection (3) of Section 35.
2. Ins. by Act No. 60 of 1973.
38. Appeal to the Supreme Court.
Section 38 empowers the Supreme Court to decide as to the quantum of punishment against delinquent advocate including an order varying the punishment awarded by the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of India as it deems fit; Harish Chandra Tiwari v. Baiju, AIR 2002 SC 548.
1. Ins. by Act No. 60 of 1973.
1[39. Application of Sections 5 and 12 of Limitation Act, 1963.
1 [(1)] An appeal, made under Section 37 or Section 38, shall not operate as a stay of the order appealed against, but the disciplinary committee of tire Bar Council of India or the Supreme Court, as the case may be, (c) may for sufficient cause direct the stay of such order on such terms and conditions as it may deem fit.
1. Sec. 40 renumbered as sub-s. (1) thereof and sub-s. (2) inserted by Act 60 of 1973 sec. 30.
41. Alteration in roll of Advocates.
Anywhere any order is made removing an advocate from practice his name shall be struck off the State roll 2[***].
1. Omitted by Act No. 60 of 1973.
2. Words “or the common roll, as the cases may be” omitted by Act 60 of 1973.
(2) All proceedings before a disciplinary committee of a Bar Council shall be deemed to be judicial proceedings within the meaning (.if Sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45 of 1960), and every such disciplinary committee shall be deemed to be a civil court for the purpose of Sections 480, 482and 485 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898).
(3) For the purpose of exercising any of the powers conferred by subsection (1), a disciplinary committee may send to any civil court in the territories to which this Act extends, any summons or other process, for the attendance of a witness or the production of a document required by the committee or any commission which it desires to issue, and civil court shall cause such process to be served or such commission to be issued as the case may be, and may enforce any such process as if it were a process for attendance or production before itself.
Provided that no final orders of the nature referred to in sub-section (3) of Section 35 can be made in any proceedings unless the Chairman and other members of the disciplinary committee are present.
1. See now the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Act 2 of 1974), sections 345 (1), 346 and 349.
2. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 32 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
42A. Power of Bar Council of India and other committees.
1[42A. Power of Bar Council of India and other committees.
1. Ins. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec. 33 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 34 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
45. Penalty for persons illegally practicing in courts and before other authorities.
1. Earlier section 46 was substituted by Act 107 of 1976, sec. 9 (w.e.f. 15-10-1976).
46A. Financial assistance to State Bar Council.
1[46A. Financial assistance to State Bar Council.
1. Ins. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec. 35 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
(1) Where any country, specified by the Central Government in this behalf by noti fication in the Official Gazette, prevents citizens of India from practising the profession of law or subjects them to unfair discrimination in that country, no subject of any such country shall be entitled to practise the profession of law in India.
No suit or other legal proceeding shall lie against any Bar Council or any committee thereof or a member of a Bar Council 1[or any Committee thereof for any act in good faith done or intended to he done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act or of any rules made there under.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 36 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
(1) The Bar Council of India may, at any time, call for the record of any proceeding under this Act which has been disposed of by a State Bar Council or a Committee thereof, and from which no appeal lies, for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or propriety of such disposal it may pass such orders in relation thereto as it may think fit.
1. Ins. By Act No. 21 of 1964 sec. 19.
1. Ins. By Act No. 60 of 1973 sec. 37 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
48B. Power to give directions.
(1) For the proper and efficient discharge of the functions of a State Bar Council or any Committee thereof, the Bar Council of India may, in the exercise of its powers of general supervision and control, give such directions to the State Bar Council or any committee thereof as may appear to it to be necessary, and the State Bar Council or the committee shall comply with, such directions.
1. Ins. By Act No. 21 of 1968 sec 19.
1 [Provided further that] no rules made with reference to clause (e) shall have effect unless they have been approved by the Central Government.
1. Section 49 renumbered as sub-section (1) by Act No. 60 of 1973, and sub-section (2) added.
2. Sub. by Act No. 21 of 1964.
3. Subs. by Act No. 60 of 1973.
4. Subs. by Act No. 60 of 1973, for words “Provided that”.
49A. Power of central government to make rules.
1[49A. Power of central government to make rules.
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, make for carrying out the purposes of this Act including rules with respect to any matter for which the Bar Council of India or State Bar Council has power to make rules.
(g) Any other matter, which may be prescribed.
(4) If any provision of a rule made by a bar Council is repugnant to nay provision of a rule made by the Central Government under this section, then, the rule under this section, whether made before or after the rule made by the Bar Council shall prevail and the rule made by the Bar Council shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void.
2[(5) Every rule made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is session for a total period of thirty days Which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions and if, before the expiry of the sessions immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule].
1. Ins. by Act No. 21 of 1964.
2. Subs. by Act No. 60 of 1973 sec. 39 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974. 50. Repeal of certain enactments.
(1) On the date on which a State Bar Council is constituted under this Act, the provisions of Sections 3 to 7 (inclusive), sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) of Section 15 and Section 20 of the Indian Bar Council Act, 1926 (38 of 1926), shall stand repealed in the territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted.
(d) the provisions of the Letters Patent of any High Court and of any other law in so far as they relate to the admission and enrolment of legal practitioners.
(e) The provisions of the Letters Patent of any High Court and of any other law conferring on legal practitioners the right to practise in any, court or before any authority or person.
(i) Sub-section (1) of section 50 was brought into force on 15-12-1961, vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 1745, dated 13th December, 1961.
(iii) Sub-section (2) of section 50 was brought into force on 1-12-1961 vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 1723, dated 24th November, 1961.
(iv) Sub-section (4) of section 50 was brought into force on 1-9-1963 vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 513, dated 31st August, 1963.
1. Subs. by Act 70 of 1993, sec. 9, for “act” (w.e.f. 26-12-1993).
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the elected members of a State Bar Council constituted for the first time under this Act, shall be elected by and from amongst advocates, vakils, pleaders and attorneys who on the date of the election, are entitled as of right to practise in the High Court and are ordinarily practising within the territory for which the Bar Council is to be constituted.
Explanation. -Where the territory for which the Bar Council is to be constituted includes a Union territory, the expression ‘High Court’ shall include the Court of the Judicial Commissioner of that Union territory.
54. Term of office of members of first State Bar Council.
3[Provided that such members shall continue to hold office until the State Bar Council is reconstituted in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
1. Words “the Bar Council of India and” omitted by Act 21 of 1964.
2. Words “nominated and” omitted by Act 14 of 1962.
3. Ins. By Act 21 of 1964 sec.22(ii) and shall be deemed to have always been inserted.
shall, notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the relevant provisions of the Legal Practitioners Act, 1879 (18 of 1879), the Bombay Pleaders Act, 1920 (Bombay Act 17 of 1920) or other law, continue to enjoy the same rights as respects practice in any court or revenue office or before any authority or person and be subject to the disciplinary jurisdiction of the same authority which he enjoyed or, as the case may be, to which he was subject immediately before the said date and accordingly the relevant provisions of the Acts or law aforesaid shall have effect in relation to such persons as if they had not been repealed.
1. Clause (b) omitted by Act 107 of 1976, sec. 10 (w.e.f. 1-1-1977).
2. Subs. by Act 21 of 1964, sec. 23, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 16-5-1964).
56. Dissolution of existing Bar Council.
(2) In this section, ‘corresponding Bar Council’ in relation to a State Bar Council, other than the Bar Council of Delhi, means the Bar Council for the High Court in the territory for which the State Bar Council is constituted under this Act.
(1) Where a State Bar Council has not been constituted under this Act or where a State Bar Council so constituted is unable to perform its functions by reason of any order of a court or otherwise, the functions of the Bar Council or any committee thereof, insofar as they relate to the admission and enrolment of advocates, shall be performed by the High Court in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
(2) Until Chapter IV comes into force, a State Bar Council or a High Court performing the functions of a State Bar Council may enroll any person to be an advocate on a State roll, if he is qualified to be so enrolled under this Act, notwithstanding that no rules have been made under section 28 or that the rules so made have not been approved by the Bar Council of India, and every person so enrolled shall, until that chapter comes into force, be entitled to all the rights of practice conferred on an advocate under section 14 of the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926).
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every person who, immediately before the 1st day of December, 1961, was an advocate on the roll of any High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926) or who has been enrolled as an advocate under this Act shall, until Chapter IV comes into force, be entitled as of right to practise in the Supreme Court, subject to the rule made by the Supreme Court in this behalf.
1 Inserted by Act 14 of 1962.
2 Words “relating to the admission and enrollment of legal practitioners, the provisions of those Act” substituted by Act 32 of 1962.
3 Words “the issue and renewal” substituted by Act 21 of 1964.
4 Inserted by Act 32 of 1932.
58A. Special provisions With respect to certain Advocates.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, all advocates who, immediately before the 26th day of July, 1948, were entitled to practise in the High Court in Allahabad or the Chief Court in Oudh and who under the provisions of the United Provinces High Courts (Amalgamation) Order, 1948 were recognised as advocates entitled to practise in the new High Court of Judicature at Allahabad but whose names were not formally entered on the roll of advocates of that High Court merely by reason of the non-payment of the fee payable to the Bar Council of the said High Court, and all advocates who were enrolled as such between the said date and the 26th day of May, 1952, shall, for the purposes of clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 17 be deemed to be persons who were entered as advocates on the roll of the said High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926) and every such person may, on an application being made in this behalf, be admitted as an advocate on the State roll of Uttar Pradesh.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, all advocates who, immediately before the 10th day of October, 1952 were entitled to practise in the High Court of Hyderabad but whose names were not formally entered on the roll of advocates of that High Court merely by reason of the non-payment of the fee payable to the Bar Council of the said High Court shall, for the purposes of clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 17 be deemed to be persons who were entered as advocates on the roll of the said High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926) and every such person may, on an application being made in this behalf, be admitted as an advocates on the State roll of Andhra Pradesh or of Maharashtra.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, all persons who, immediately before the 1st day of December, 1961, were advocates on the roll of the Court of Judicial Commissioner in any Union Territory under any law in force in that territory shall, for the purposes of clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 17, be deemed to be persons who were entered as advocates on the roll of a High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926) and every such person may, on an application made in this behalf, be admitted as an advocate on the State roll maintained in respect of that Union Territory.
1. Ins. by Act 21 of 1964, sec. 25 (w.e.f. 16-5-1964).
1(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, all persons who, immediately before the date on which the provisions of Chapter II are brought into force in the Union territory of Pondicherry, were entitled to practice the profession of law (whether by way of pleading or acting or both) under any law in force in the said Union territory or who would have been so entitled had they not been in public service on the said date, shall for the purpose of clause( a) of sub section (1) of section 17, be deemed to be persons who were entered as advocates on the roll of a High Court under the Indian Bar Council Act, 1926, and every such person may, on an application made in this behalf within such time as may be specified by the Bar Council of Madras, be admitted as an advocate on the State roll maintained in respect of the said Union territory.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every person, who immediately before the date on which the provisions of Chapter IV are brought into force in the Union territory of Pondicherry, was practicing the profession of law (whether by way of pleading or action or both or in any other way) by virtue of the provisions of any law in force in the said Union territory of Pondicherry, was practicing the profession of law (whether by way of pleading or acting or both or any other way) by virtue of the provisions of any law in force in the said Union territory, who does not elect to be or is not qualified to be, enrolled as an advocate under sub section (1), shall notwithstanding the repeal of the relevant provisions of such law by the Pondicherry (Extension of Laws) Act, 1968, continue to enjoy the same rights as respects in any court or revenue office or before any authority or person and be subject to the disciplinary jurisdiction of the same authority which he enjoyed, or as the case may be, to which he was subject, immediately before the said date and accordingly the relevant provisions of the law aforesaid shall have effect in relation to such persons as if they had not been repealed.
Chapter III and Chapter IV were enforced in the Union Territory of Pondicherry on 10.6.1968, vide Pondicherry Gazette, Extra, p. 1 (No. 52), dated 7th June, 1968.
1. Ins. by Act 26 of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch.—Part I (w.e.f. 10-6-1968).
58AB. Special provisions with respect to certain persons enrolled by Mysore State Bar Council.
1. Ins by Act 33 of 1968 sec 3 (w.e.f. 5-6-1968 ).
58AC. Special provision with respect to certain persons enrolled by Uttar Pradesh State Bar Council.
1. Secs. 58AC, 58AD, 58AE and 58AF inserted by Act 60 of 1973.
58AD. Special provisions with respect to certain persons migrating India.
and notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the relevant provisions of such Act or law, every pleader, mukhtar or revenue agent so enrolled shall have the same right as respects practise in any court or revenue office or before any other authority or person and be subject to the disciplinary jurisdiction of the same authority to which he would be subject under the relevant provisions of such Act or law as if they had not been repealed and accordingly, those provisions shall have effect in relation to such persons.
1. Ins. by Act 60 of 1973, sec. 40 (w.e.f. 31-1-1974).
58AE. Special provisions in relation to the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every person who, immediately before the date on which the provisions of Chapter IV are brought into force in the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu, was practising the profession of law (whether by way of pleading or acting or both or in any other way) by virtue of the provisions of any law in force in the said Union Territory, or who does not elect to be or is not qualified to be enrolled as an advocate under sub-section (1), shall notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the relevant provisions of such law, continues to enjoy the same rights as respects practise in any court or revenue office or before any other authority or person and be subject to the disciplinary jurisdiction of the same authority which he enjoyed, or, as the case may be, to which he was subject, immediately before the said date and accordingly the relevant provisions of the law aforesaid shall have effect in relation to such persons as if they had not been repealed.
58AF. Special provisions in relation to Jammu and Kashmir.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, all advocates who, immediately before the date on which the provisions of Chapter III are brought into force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, were entitled to practise in the High Court of that .State, or who would have been so entitled had they not been in public service on the said date, shall for the purpose of clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 17, be deemed to be persons who were entered as advocates on the roll of a High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926), and every such person may, on an application made in this behalf within such time as may be specified by the Bar Council of India, be admitted as an advocate on the State roll maintained in respect of the said State.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every person who, immediately before the date on which the provisions of Chapter IV are brought into force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, was practising the profession of law (whether by way of pleading or acting or both or in any other way) by virtue of the provisions of any law in force therein, or who does not elect to be or is not qualified to be enrolled as an advocate under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), shall, notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the relevant provisions of such law, continue to enjoy the same rights as respects practise in any court or revenue office or before any other authority or person and be subject to the disciplinary jurisdiction of the same authority which he enjoyed, or as the case may be, to which he was subject, immediately before the said date and accordingly the relevant provisions of the law aforesaid shall have effect in relation to curli nprcnns as if fhpv had not been repealed.
58B. Special provisions relating to certain disciplinary proceedings.
(1) As from the 1st day of September, 1963, every proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter in relation to an existing advocate of a High Court shall, save as provided in the first proviso to sub-section (2), be disposed of by the State Bar Council in relation to that High Court, as if the existing advocate had been enrolled as an advocate on its roll.
PROVIDED FURTHER that where the High Court has referred back any case for further inquiry under sub-section (4) of section 12 of the said Act, the proceeding shall stand transferred to the State Bar Council in relation to the High Court as if it were proceeding before a corresponding Bar Council under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 56.
(4) In this section “existing advocate” means a person who was enrolled as an advocate on the roll of any High Court under the Indian Bar Councils Act, 1926 (38 of 1926), and who, at the time when any proceeding in respect of any disciplinary matter initiated against him, is not enrolled as an advocate on a State roll under this Act.
1. Inserted by Act 21 of 1964 sec. 25.
(1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, particularly in relation to the transition from the enactments repealed by this Act to the provisions of this Act, the Central Government may, by order published in the Official Gazette, make such provision not inconsistent with the purposes of this Act, as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty.
(1) Advocates (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 1963 (w.e.f. 1-9-1963) vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 513, dated 31st August, 1963.
(2) Advocates (Removal of Difficulties) Order No. 2, 1963 (w.e.f. 1-10-1963) vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 879, dated 21st December, 1963.
(3) Advocates (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 1966 (w.e.f. 1-11-1965 vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 7, dated 10th January, 1966.
(4) Advocates (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 1968 (enforcement at once) vide Gazette of India, Extra., Pt. II, sec. 3(ii), p. 127, dated 23rd February, 1968.
1 Inserted by Act 21 of 1964.
60. Powers of Central Government to make rules.
(1) Until rules in respect of any matter under this Act are made by a State Bar Council and approved by the Bar Council of India, the power to make rules in respect of that matter shall be exercisable by the Central Government.
(2) The Central Government after consultation with the Bar Council of India may by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules under sub-section (1) either for any State Bar Council or generally for all State Bar Councils and the rules so made shall have effect, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act.
1. Inserted by Act 32 of 1962 sec. 4.
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