Source: http://mail.derechos.org/peace/china/doc/usaprk11.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 22:57:06+00:00

Document:
S/AC.49/2017/11 - Report by the United States on concrete measures the United States have taken in order to implement effectively the provisions of resolution 2321 (2016) strengthening sanctions against DPRK.
The United States would like to submit its national implementation report (see annex) for Security Council resolution 2321 (2016) pursuant to paragraph 36 of that resolution.
The present report describes concrete measures by which the United States implements paragraphs 3, 4, 15, 16, 18, 22-24, 26 and 29-33 of Security Council resolution 2321 (2016) regarding the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The United States considers it essential for Member States to fully and effectively implement the resolution. The United States intends to continue supporting other States' efforts, as requested, and to the extent possible, to implement the resolution.
The United States has designated all of the individuals and entities listed in annex I to resolution 2321 (2016) for an asset freeze under various authorities administered by the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State. The rules of the Office of Foreign Assets Control extend this freeze to entities that are 50 per cent or more owned by designated persons. Individuals and entities acting on behalf or at the direction of a designated individual or entity, and entities that are controlled (but are not 50 per cent or more owned) by designated entities may be subject to derivative designations under the authority used to designate the primary target.
The names of all individuals listed in annex I have been entered into the appropriate consular database for assessment should an individual apply for a visa or entry. Individuals and entities acting on behalf or at the direction of a designated individual or entity may be subject to derivative designations under the authority used to designate the primary target.
The Department of Homeland Security has the authority to deny entry into or transit of aliens through the United States based on grounds specified by the relevant laws and regulations, including, for example, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1182 (a) (3) (C) and (f).
The United States does not permit the export or re -export to North Korea of any items that could contribute to North Korea's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes. These restrictions apply to the items listed in annex III to the resolution, which include items that are controlled for nuclear non-proliferation, missile technology, and chemical and biological reasons and items that could contribute to North Korea's nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes.
The items in that annex require a licence from the United States Department of Commerce under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) for export or re-export to North Korea. Applications for export and re-export to all end users in North Korea of the items listed in annex III are subject to a policy of denial.
The United States works with like-minded countries, including those in the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Zangger Committee, the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group and the Proliferation Security Initiative, and participates in outreach programmes to non-member countries, to prevent transfers to North Korea of technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of the items in annex III to the resolution.
Section 1 of Executive Order 13570, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any goods, services or technology from the DPRK. Section 1 (a) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, in relevant part blocks all property and interests in property of the DPRK Government. Section 3 (a) (i) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the exportation or re-exportation, direct or indirect, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any goods, services or technology to the DPRK, except as otherwise licensed or exempted.
The Department of Commerce restricts exports and re-exports United States-origin technology and software to the DPRK, whether by United States persons or non-United States persons, including "deemed" exports and re-exports (releases of technology subject to the EAR to a foreign national in the United States or in a third country). Provision of specialized teaching or training to DPRK nationals could constitute an export of services to the DPRK under the Executive Order (and is thus prohibited except as licensed or exempt). Such teaching or training could also involve a release of technology to a foreign national; if the technology is subject to the EAR, the Bureau of Industry and Security would restrict its release.
The Department of Homeland Security has the authority to deny entry into or transit through the United States of aliens deemed inadmissible on grounds specified by the relevant laws and regulations, including, for example, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1182 (a) (3) (C) and (f).
Section 1 (a) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, in relevant part blocks all property and interests in property of the DPRK Government. Provision of goods or services in the United States to the official mission of the DPRK to the United Nations is authorized by a general licence. However, on 20 December 2016, the Department of the Treasury amended this general licence to require United States financial institutions to obtain specific licences to operate accounts for, and extend credit to, the DPRK mission or to the employees of that mission. Subsequently, the Department of the Treasury specifically licensed a United States financial institution to establish and operate one bank account for the mission and to establish and operate one bank account for each accredited member of the mission.
Section 1 (a) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, in relevant part blocks all property and interests in property of the DPRK Government. Provision of goods or services in the United States to the official mission of the DPRK to the United Nations is authorized by a general licence, but that authorization is limited to activities for the conduct of the official business of the mission.
Section 1 (a) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, in relevant part blocks all property and interests in property of the DPRK Government. Section 3 (a) (i) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the exportation or re-exportation, direct or indirect, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any goods, services or technology to the DPRK, except as otherwise licensed or exempted.
Section 1 of Executive Order 13570, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any goods, services or technology from the DPRK. Section 1 (a) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, in relevant part blocks all property and interests in property of the DPRK Government.
(c) Transactions in iron and iron ore that are determined to be exclusively for livelihood purposes and unrelated to generating revenue for the DPRK's nuclear or ballistic missile programmes or other activities prohibited by resolutions 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016) or this resolution."
Section 1 of Executive Order 13570, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any goods, services or technology from the DPRK. Section 2 (a) of Executive Order 13570 prohibits any transaction by a United States person or within the United States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of or attempts to violate the prohibitions in Executive Order 13570.
In addition, wherever located, a United States person is prohibited by Executive Order 13722 from dealing in property in which a designated person or the Government of the DPRK has any interest.
Since 1998, the Federal Aviation Administration has prohibited civil flight operations by United States-registered aircraft, except where the operator of such aircraft is a foreign air carrier, through the Pyongyang Flight Information Region west of 132 degrees east longitude, which includes the DPRK's territorial airspace. The flight prohibition also applies to all United States air carriers or commercial operators and all persons exercising the privileges of an airman certificate issued by the Federal Aviation Administration, except such persons operating United States-registered aircraft for foreign air carriers. Exceptions exist for (a) operations authorized by an exemption issued by the Federal Aviation Administration; (b) operations authorized by another agency of the Government of the United States with Federal Aviation Administration approval; and (c) in-flight emergencies.
The Department of Homeland Security, United States Customs and Border Protection, can inspect all cargo on aircraft destined for or departing the United States (see, for example, 19 U.S.C. §§ 482, 1499), and seize and/or forfeit any article introduced or exported contrary to law or arms or munitions of war exported in violation of law, as well as any associated vessel or aircraft (see, for example, 19 U.S.C. § 1595a and 22 U.S.C. § 401).
With respect to United States -flagged vessels, pursuant to 14 U.S.C. § 89, the Department of Homeland Security/United States Coast Guard may board and inspect any United States-flagged vessel anywhere it is located, beyond the territorial sea of another country, to enforce United States laws. Within United States customs waters (up to 24 nautical miles from the coastline of the United States) or a declared customs -enforcement area (see 19 U.S.C. § 1701), the Department of Homeland Security/Coast Guard and the United States Customs and Border Protection share authority to board vessels, examine manifests and search cargo (see, for example, 19 U.S.C. § 1581 and 14 U.S.C. § 89).
If a vessel or aircraft is itself of United States origin, regardless of its flag, or if the value of the United States-origin parts of the vessel or aircraft exceeds 10 per cent of the total value of the vessel/aircraft, the vessel or aircraft itself is subject to the Export Administration Regulations and a Bureau of Industry and Security licence would be required for the vessel to travel to the DPRK and for its re -export from the DPRK to a third country. These EAR export and re-export rules would apply even if the prohibited items the vessel or aircraft is transporting are not themselves subject to the EAR because they do not meet the de minimis threshold for controlled United States-origin content.
The Department of Commerce's regulations (EAR), prohibit the export from the United States to the DPRK (or re-export from a third country) of all items subject to the EAR except food or medicine designated as "EAR99," unless otherwise licensed. The EAR licence requirement covers all vessels or aircraft subject to the EAR, including United States-origin vessels and aircraft and foreign-origin vessels and aircraft in which the value of the United States-origin content exceeds 10 per cent of the item's total value, regardless of flag. The Bureau of Industry and Security would review licence applications for the export or re-export of new helicopters and vessels subject to the regulations under a general policy of denial. A separate export or re-export licence requirement could apply to the vessel or aircraft (regardless of flag) transporting any new helicopters and vessels. This licence requirement could apply to the export or re-export of the helicopters or vessels even if they are transported by a vessel/aircraft that is not subject to the EAR (foreign-origin and does not meet the de minimis United States-origin content threshold).
Section 3 (a) (i) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the exportation or re-exportation, direct or indirect, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any goods, services or technology to the DPRK, except as otherwise licensed or exempted. Under the Executive Order, the Office of Foreign Assets Control prohibits exports from abroad by United States persons of items not subject to the EAR.
Section 3 (a) (i) of Executive Order 13722, administered by the Department of the Treasury in consultation with the Department of State, prohibits the exportation or re-exportation, direct or indirect, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any goods, services or technology to the DPRK, except as otherwise licensed or exempted.
Section 3 (a) (ii) of Executive Order 13722 prohibits new investment in the DPRK by United States persons, wherever located.
In addition, the Department of Commerce prohibits United States persons' support of, or participation in, "trade" activities with the DPRK that could contribute to the DPRK's weapons of mass destruction programmes without a licence. Applications to engage in such activities will be denied if the activities would make a material contribution to the DPRK's weapons of mass destruction programmes (see section 744.6 of the EAR). Such prohibited support need not involve the export or re-export of an item subject to the EAR.
The Department of Homeland Security can remove such an individual pursuant to a final order of removal, or if the individual poses a threat to national security or public safety (see 8 U.S.C. § 1227 (a) (4)).
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References: § 1595
 § 401
 § 89
 § 1701
 § 1581
 § 89
 § 1227