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Timestamp: 2019-04-24 23:55:21+00:00

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Prospects of development of the theory of chemmotology Abstract The role of the theory of chemmotology as a typically applied science, as well as the place and importance of the theory in the development of disciplines strictly practical orientation is shown. The critical characteristic of the modern state of the theory of chemmotology and prospects of its development is given. The ways of a possible way out of this situation are indicated.
Keywords: innovation, modern building methods, removal petroleum reservoir, modernization of refineries.
Hazardous plants vertical steel tanks dismantling procedures peculiarities are reviewed. Works basic complex factors are classified, i.e. stage tanks replacement at the tank farm, tanks group single embankment, rack of tanks surface poor quality, emergency cases high probability during dismantling procedure. Vertical steel tanks dismantling ordinary methods are reviewed. During hazardous plants revamping vertical steel tanks dismantling is usually carried out by two methods: element-by-element from top to bottom dismantling and spiral disassembly.
Up-to-date tanks spiral disassembly is revealed in detail. The essence of the method is as follows: tank bottom is separated from tank wall by plasma-arc cutting, and then the wall is cut in a spiral direction from the bottom to the top; separated wall stripe is gradually removed by the force of gravity.
Vertical steel tanks dismantling methods comparative analysis is reviewed. Vertical steel tanks dismantling method is determined by complex factors, taking into consideration every particular case.
In fact, the choice of the dismantling method in some cases is determined by economic factors, rather than safety rules and regulations. The modern approach of the refinery's operational services implies dismantling procedures operating contractor responsibilities in case of emergencies or accidents.
It is worth mentioning, up-to-date and prospective methods of dismantling procedures in the civil industry introduction is inextricably linked not only with the improvement of normative and technical documentation, but also with the economic efficiency. At present, the capital expenditures are estimated in accordance with the estimate documentation that regulate all contractor payment transactions for the completed works. Construction industry situation, when estimate rates base is lagging behind civil processes, is not unique, and it interferes with adequate construction works estimation basing on the unified payment system.
Thus, at present it is necessary to ensure state policy to achieve successful up-to-date dismantling methods introduction not only in terms of innovative dismantling methods, typical flow charts and reference books creation but as well in terms of the intrinsic interface of construction methods and estimate rates base.
2. Hanukov Kh.M., Shaybakov R.A., Abdrakhmanov N.Kh., Markov A.G. Technical diagnosis and safety analysis of upkeeping of tank farm. Available at http://www.ogbus.ru, accessed 27.10.2014.
3. Osipenko A.V. The value of the building pricing reform in application modern methods of construction for modernization of refineries [Rol' reformy tcenoobrazovaniya v primenenii sovremennykh metodov proizvodstva stroitel'no-montazhnykh rabot pri modernizatcii deystvuyuschikh NPZ]. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanih kompaniy - World of oil products. The Oil Companies’Bulletin, 2018, no. 2, pp. 4-7.
Gas generators of synthesis gas (GSG), which are the main elements of synthesis gas (SG) production complexes and implement the technology of non-catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbon raw materials, mainly hydrocarbon gases (HCG) with various types by oxidizers-air enriched with air, oxygen are considered.
Control of technological processes in the complexes of SG production is carried out with the help of automated control and control systems (ACCS), which include local tracking systems that provide an automated output of GSG in the nominal technological mode and automatic stabilization of the nominal mode parameters during the normal operation of the complex. Flowmeters – mass flow regulators (MFR) which are the precision tracking systems and which are the most expensive elements of ACCS are used as the executive elements of these systems.
The composition and parameters of the SG used for further catalytic synthesis of the target products depend on the determining degree on the accuracy of reproduction of the nominal mode partial oxidation. Therefore, the actual task considered in the article is the development of methods for selecting the accuracy class of MFR.
On the example of partial oxidation of natural gas by air, the features of producing SG for low-tonnage methanol production are considered. The requirements for permissible static errors of reproduction of the nominal technological mode of partial oxidation are substantiated. It is shown that the maximum permissible errors of the natural gas and air supply to the GSG and the determination of their accuracy class are calculated on the basis of the requirements for the permissible errors of the excess oxidant coefficient. The choice of accuracy class of MFR of the supply of chemical treated water to the evaporating chamber of GSG is calculated on the basis of the requirements to the permissible error of the gas temperature control at the outlet of GSG.
The offered technique of a choice of accuracy class MFR allows you to secure precise control of the process of generating synthesis gas and to optimize the ratio price-quality while making package bundle ACCS complexes for producing synthesis gas.
1. Zagashvili Yu.V., Efremov V.N., Kuz'min A.M. Complex for obtaining synthesis-gas for smalltonnage production of methanol [Kompleks polucheniya sintez-gaza dlya malotonnazhnogo proizvodstva metanola]. Neftegazohimiya - Oil & gas chemistry, 2017, no. 1, pp. 19-26.
2. Pat. 2632846 RF, 2017. Method for producing hydrogen-containing gas for the production of methanol and a device for its implementation.
3. Pat. 2643542 RF, 2018. Method for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons.
5. Zagashvili Yu.V., Levikhin A.A., Kuz'min A.M. Foundations of design of three-component gas generator of synthesis gas [Osnovy proektirovaniya trekhkomponentnogo gazogeneratora sintez-gaza] Neftegazohimiya - Oil & gas chemistry, 2017, no. 4, pp. 9-16.
6. Aniskevich Yu.V., Krasnik V.V., Filimonov Yu.N. The choice of the regime parameters of the process of partial gas-phase oxidation of methane by oxygen of air to produce synthesis gas of the required composition [Vybor rezhimnykh parametrov protsessa partsial'nogo gazofaznogo okisleniya metana kislorodom vozdukha s tsel'yu polucheniya sintez-gaza trebuemogo sostava]. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii - J. of applied chemistry, 2009, v. 82, no. 8, pp. 1335-1341.
7. Theoretical investigation of operational parameters and appearance of a new generator of synthesis gas, development of automated system control and generator design documentation [Teoreticheskoe issledovanie rezhimnykh parametrov i oblika novogo generatora sintez-gaza, razrabotka avtomatizirovannoy sistemy kontrolya i upravleniya i konstruktorskoy dokumentatsii generator: Otchet o NIR.]. S.-Pb: Ltd. GSG, 2016, 115 p. http://www.rosrid.ru/nioktr/JDBZNL5ANBV1BU08S31MDOVM.
8. Arutyunov V.S., Savchenko V.I., Sedov I.V. On the prospects of commercial gas chemical technologies based on nitrogen-containing synthesis gas [O perspektivakh promyslovykh gazokhimicheskikh tekhnologiy na osnove azotsoderzhaschego sintez-gaza]. Neftegazohimiya - Oil & gas chemistry, 2016, no. 4 pp. 14-23.
9. Lischiner I.I., Malova O.V., Tarasov A.L. Obtaining methanol from deballasting nitrogen synthesis gas [Poluchenie metanola iz zaballastirovannogo azotom sintez-gaza]. Kataliz v promyshlennosti - Catalysis in industry, 2010, no. 4, pp. 50-55.
10. Zagashvili Yu.V., Kuz'min A.M., Levikhin A.A., Aniskevich Yu.V., Savchenko B.I. Management of technological process of producing synthesis gas in a high temperature reactor [Upravlenie tekhnologicheskim protsessom polucheniya sintez-gaza v vysokotemperaturnom reaktore]. Mekhatronika, avtomatizatsiya, upravlenie - Mechatronics, automation, control, 2015, t. 16, no. 10, pp. 704-709.
11.11. Smirnov V.I., Petrov Yu.A., Razintsev V.I. Basics of design and calculation of tracking systems [Osnovy proektirovaniya i rascheta sledyashchih system]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1983, 295 p.
Koval'skiy B.I., Bezborodov Yu.N., Efremova E.A.
Keywords: optical density, viscosity-temperature characteristic, viscosity index, criterion of thermal-oxidative stability.
The results of the study of the thermooxidative stability of motor oils, taking into account the viscosity-temperature characteristics and optical density, are presented using such priors as a thermostatic instrument, a photometer and electronic scales. A criterion for thermal-oxidative stability is proposed, which is determined by the product of the optical density and the decimal logarithm of the viscosity index. The linear dependence of the proposed criterion for optical density is established. Based on these data, it is proposed to classify oils. A comparative characteristic of temperatures among the oils with the same class of operational properties is given. When choosing oils, the viscosity grade and base oil are taken into account. But there are no temperature indicators at which lubricants are most effective, and at which oil oxidation is optimal, ensuring maximum resource. To increase information on the temperature limits of the performance of lubricants for various purposes by applying their stepwise temperature control and photometric measurement. According to the proposed methodology, studies were carried out that showed a discrepancy between the temperature indices of the processes and the group of operational properties. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was shown that with the same classes of operating properties, temperatures of oxidation processes, evaporation and temperature transformations, they differ greatly, therefore, choosing an oil for a certain temperature mode of the engine, it is impossible to be guided only by the class of operating properties. It is also proposed to improve the existing classification system for oils.
1. Topliva, smazochnye materialy, tekhnicheskie zhidkosti. Assortiment, primenenie: spravochnik [Fuel, lubricants, technical liquids. Range and application: handbook. Ed. V.M. Shkol'nikov]. Moscow: Tekhinform, 1999, 596 p.
2. Koval'skiy B.I. Metody I sredstva povysheniya effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya smazochnykh materialov [Methods and means of increasing the efficiency of the use of lubricants]. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2005, 341 p.
3. Koval'skiy B.I., Kravtsova E.G., Lysyannikova N.M., Artemov M.N. The method of controlling the effect of oxidation processes and temperature degradation on changes in the viscosity index of motor oils [Metod kontrolya vliyaniya protsessov okisleniya i temperaturnoy destruktsii na izmeneniya indeksa vyazkosti motornykh masel]. Izvestiya TulGU - The news of Tula State University, 2015, iss. 8, p. 2, pp. 109-116.
4. Koval'sky B.I., Bezborodov Yu.N., Ermilov E.A. The research of the effect of oxidation products on the viscosity- temperature characteristics of motor oils [Vliyanie produktov okisleniya na vyazkostno-temperaturnye kharakteristiki motornykh masel]. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanykh kompaniy - World of oil products. The Oil Companies’ Bulletin, 2017, no.1, pp. 20-22.
Rasulov Ch.K., Aghamaliyev Z.Z., Naghiyeva M.V., Amirov F.A.
Keywords: phenol, methylcycloalkene, aluminum phenolate, sterically hindered phenols, aminoethylnonylimidazoline, formaldehyde, Mannich bases.
The results of cycloalkylation of phenol with diprene, dipentene and their mixture in the presence of an aluminum phenolate catalyst and the influence of various parameters on the yield of the desired product are presented. In order to find the optimal conditions ensuring the greatest yield of the desired product, the reaction temperature varied from 260 to 320°C, the reaction time from 3 to 9 hours, the molar ratio of phenol to cyclone from 1: 1 to 1: 3, the amount of the catalyst from 10 to 25%. It was found that the following conditions are necessary for obtaining the maximum yield of 2,6-di-[3 (4)-methylcyclohexene-3-yl-isopropyl]-phenols: temperature 300–350°C, reaction time 7-8 hours, ratio of phenol to methylcycloalkene 1: 2 mol / mol and the amount of the catalyst is 20-25% based on the phenol taken. In this case, the yield of the desired products of 2,6-di-[3 (4)-methylcyclo]-phenols is 40.4–43.3% of the phenol taken. Chromatographic studies of the products of cycloalkylation of phenol with isoprene cyclodimers in the presence of an aluminum phenolate catalyst showed that 2,6-dicycloalkyl-substituted phenols (68.5–77.7%) are mainly contained in the alkylate. After rectification of the alkylate at low pressure (20 mm Hg), the desired products were obtained with a purity of 92.4–94.0%, their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The 2,6-di-[3 (4) -methylcyclohexene-3-yl-isopropyl]-phenols obtained were subjected to aminomethylation with formaldehyde and aminoethylnonylimidazoline in a ratio of 1:2:2.
Interaction of 2,6-di-[3(4)-methylcyclohexene-3-yl-isopropyl]-phenols with formaldehyde and aminoethylinonyl imidazoline yielded Mannich bases with a yield of 61.3-69.8% of the theory. Physicochemical parameters of synthesized 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-[3 (4)-methylcyclohexene-3-yl-isopropyl]-benzyl-aminoethylnonyl-imidazolines were determined.
1. Chukicheva I.Yu., Kuchin A.V. Natural and synthetic terpenophenols [Prirodnye i sinteticheskie terpenofenoly]. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal - Russian Journal of Chemistry, 2004, v. 48, no. 3, pp. 21-37.
2. Nugumanova G.N. Synthesis of spatially-hindered phenol compounds on the basis of indole and its derivatives [Sintez prostranstvenno-zatrudnennykh fenol'nykh soedineniy na osnove indola i ego proizvodnykh]. Zhurnal organicheskoy khimii - Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2007, v. 43, no. 12, pp. 1796-1801.
3. Chukicheva I.Yu., Sterikhin L.V., Kuchin A.V. Molecular tandem rearrangement in alkylation of phenol by camphene [Molekulyarnaya tandemiya peregruppirovki pri alkilirovanii fenola kamfenom]. Zhurnal organicheskoy khimii - Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, v. 44, no. 1, pp. 69-73.
4. Ziyatdinova G.K., Budnikov K.K. Natural phenolic antioxidants [Prirodnye fenol'nye antioksidanty]. Uspekhi khimii - Success of chemistry, 2015, v. 84, no. 8, pp. 1258-1276.
5. Agamaliev Z.Z., Mekhtizade R.A., Nazarov I.G., Amirov F.A., Rasulov Ch.K. Alkylation of para-cresol with isopren in the presence of phosphorus-containing catalyst [Alkilirovanie para-krezola tsiklodimerami izoprena v prisutstvii fosforsoderzhaschego tseolita]. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanykh kompaniy - World of oil products. The Oil Companies’ Bulletin, 2017, no. 9, pp. 16-19.
6. Mirzayev V.H. Some Peculiarities of Alkylation Reactions of Phenol with C4-fraction Dimerization Products of Pyrolysis Process. Elixir Appl. Chem., 2017, v. 109, pp. 47926-47928.
Mukhutdinova E.K., Abdul'minev K.G., Kolyshkina A.I., Tukaev V.R., Yuldashev D.V.
Abroad and in our country, the volume of production of high-octane gasoline is constantly growing, which makes it necessary to improve the technological processes of their production. In the Russian Federation, gasoline contains the largest amount of catalytic reforming gasoline - 54.1% by volume.
Reforming catalysts, both monometallic and, in particular, polymetallic, are sensitive to such catalytic poisons as compounds of sulfur and nitrogen, arsenic and other elements that may be contained in gasoline fractions. Polymetallic catalysts require the purification of raw materials to a residual content of impurities, % by mass: sulfur – 10-4, nitrogen – 10-4, metals – 10-7.These impurities from the gasoline fraction are removed in a separate unit in a stream of hydrogen at elevated temperatures on hydrotreating catalysts of the Al-Co-Mo-O and Al-Ni-Mo-O type.
The hydrotreating unit provides the required amount of hydrogenate - feed of the reforming unit, while the decrease in the activity of the catalyst S-12 is not observed. However, it is necessary to note the fact of a significant increase in pressure drop in the hydrotreating unit system, equal to 1.6 MPa, with a maximum allowable 1.8 MPa, complicating the operating conditions of the catalyst; at the same time, the volumetric feed rate decreased slightly (from 4.94 to 4.91 h-1). To prevent the breakdown of low-temperature equipment, a scheme for water washing of refrigerators ВХ-101, Х-1/2 has been introduced.
1. Ganus A.I., Abdul'minev K.G., Bulatov D.F., Mukhutdinova E.K., Razina A.V. Ways to reduce the benzene content in the reformates [Obzor variantov snizheniya soderzhaniya benzola v riformatakh]. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanykh kompaniy - World of oil products. The Oil Companies’ Bulletin, 2018, no. 7, pp. 21-24.
2. Bulatov D.F., Abdulminev K.G., Babaev N.M. Research and development of the technology of aromatization of hydrocarbons with the involvement of the residual fraction of reformate in the feedstock [Issledovanie i razrabotka tekhnologii aromatizatsii uglevodorodov s vovlecheniem ostatochnoy fraktsii riformata v iskhodnoe sir'e]. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanykh kompaniy - World of oil products. The Oil Companies’ Bulletin, 2018, no. 7, pp. 24-26.
3. Abdul'minev K.G., Manushkov V.A., Gibadullin A.H. Technologies for reduction of benzene in gasoline catalytic reforming [Tekhnologiya snizheniya benzola v benzinakh kataliticheskogo riforminga]. Neftegazovoe delo - Oil and gas business, 2013, T. 11, no. 4, pp. 137-140.
4. Levoschenko A.S., Abdul'minev K.G., Akhmetov A.F., Morozov A.N. Promising processes of reducing the content of benzene in the reformate [Perspektivnye protsessy snizheniya soderzhaniya benzola v reformate]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiya - Oil refining and petrochemistry, 2009, no. 5, pp. 8-9.
5. Matuzov G.L., Akhmetov A.F. Development of production of motor gasoline in Russia [Razvitie proizvodstva avtomobil'nykh benzinov v Rossii]. Bashkirskiy khimicheskiy jurnal - Bashkir chemical J. 2007, t. 14, no. 3.
6. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 27.02.2008 № 118 on approval of Technical regulations"on requirements for automotive and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and fuel oil".
7. Kashin O.N., Ermolenko A.D., Firsova T.G., Rudin M.G. Problems of production of high-quality gasoline and diesel fuels [Problemy proizvodstva vysokokachestvennykh benzinov i dizel'nykh topliv]. Neftepererabotka i neftekhimiya - Oil refining and petrochemistry, 2015, no. 5, pp. 31-37.
8. Solodova N.L., Terentieva N.A. Gidroochistka topliv: Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie [Hydrotreating of fuels: a Teaching manual]. Kazan: Izd. KGTU, 2008, 103 p.
9. Potemkin I.P., Ledenev S.M. Analysis of the process of Hydrotreating gasoline fraction [Analiz protsessa gidroochistki benzinovoy fraktsii]. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii - Modern science-intensive technologies, 2013, no. 2, pp. 111-112.
10. Vintilov S.V., Akishev D.A., Zholobov V.L., Zaitsev V.I. Analysis of problems associated with the formation of deposits in the processes of oil refining and increasing corrosion wear of equipment at the refinery [Analiz problem, svyazannykh s obrazovaniem otlozheniy v protsessakh pererabotki nefti i rostom korrozionnogo iznosa oborudovaniya na NPZ]. Khimicheskaya tekhnika [Elektornnoe izdanie] - Chemical engineering, 2015, no. 6.
Khairudinov R.I., Bystrov A.I., Tikhonov A.A., Khairudinov I.R.
Keywords: high-viscosity oil, alternatives for cracking process implementation, comparison of processing effectiveness in terms of the light fraction yield.
The article considers two variants of technological schemes for processing of high-viscosity oils with different yield of light fractions (up to 300°C). The dependence of the skimming processing depth is associated with the initial fractional composition of high-viscosity oil. For this purpose, high-viscosity oils produced in various regions of Russia were selected.
The first scheme provides the preliminary distillation of light distillate followed by the liquid-phase thermal cracking process of weighted oil, and for the reaction mass sent to the main distillation column the light distillate is used as a chilling-down product. The second scheme eliminates the stage of light distillate distillation, the cooled bottoms of the main distillation column are used in it to chill down the reaction mass.
The speciality of the first scheme is that the light distillate withdrawn selectively from the first column after cooling is partially directed: a) to dilute the initial high-viscosity oil; b) as an reflux in the first column; c) as a chilling-down product in the feed line of the reaction mass from the reactor to the second column. Thus, in the product of rectification, derived from the second column, a bottom residue is obtained, in which the secondary compaction processes are minimized, and the secondary distillates that have not experienced these transformations are allocated in whole for the plant in a large volume.
The second scheme is simpler and in it the initial high-viscosity oil is fed to the reactor immediately after heating in the furnace in the form of a reaction mass and then after chilling down to the column, and the chilling-down agent is the bottom product derived from the bottom of the column.
The absence of a low-boiling chilling-down agent in scheme 2 leads to the formation of heavier compaction products in a greater degree.
High-viscosity oil containing a greater amount of the light fraction and processed according to the scheme 1 was also processed additionally according to the scheme 2.
Comparison of the results of high-viscosity oil processing containing 16% of a light distillate, by these two variants, showed that the final product - oil "Syncrude" obtained in the first variant, has a more acceptable commercial properties: viscosity at 20°C – 90,4 cSt, the yield of light fractions (IBP – 350°C) 54,6% of the masses. The second variant with comparable viscosity values of the final oil allows to obtain a product with the yield of light fractions of only 44% of the mass.
1. Stepanov V.A., Archegov V.B., Kozlov A.V., Smyslov A.A. Modern technologies of managing reservoirs of ultra-heavy oils and bitumens, prospects of their application in Russia. Sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii “Prirodnye bitumy i tyazhelye nefti-2006” (Proc. Int. Sci. Conf. “Natural Bitumens and Heavy Oils-2006”). Saint-Petersburg: Nedra, 2006, pp. 376-391.
2. Khayrudinov I.R., Tikhonov A.A., Taushev V.V., Telyashev E.G. Sovremennoe sostoyanie I perspektivy razvitiya termicheskikh protsessov pererabotki neftyanogo syr'ya [Modern state and prospects of development of thermal processes of petroleum feedstock processing]. Ufa: State unitary enterprise institute of oil refining and petrochemicals in the republic of Bashkortostan, 2015, pp. 307-314.
3. Khayrudinov I.R., Tikhonov A.A., Sazhina T.I., Khayrudinov R.I., Telyashev E.G. Prospects of thermal processing application for synthetic oil production of Russian high-viscosity oils [Perspektivy primeneniya termicheskoy pererabotki dlya polucheniya sinteticheskoy nefti iz vysokovyazkikh neftey Rossii]. Bashkirskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal - Bashkir Chemical Journal, 2016, v. 23, no. 4, pp. 66-74.
The article presents the results of the study of Avgas 100LL compositions prepared on the basis of a alkylate with high boiling point value, fractionated isomerate, and toluene. Avgas 100LL is now the most demanded brand in the world. The capabilities of this brand almost completely cover the needs of the Russian piston aircraft and helicopter fleet. Traditionally, the principal component for avgas blending is aviation alkylate (light fraction of alkylate), with a low value of final boiling point. A few years ago, several Russian companies began production of Avgas 100LL, however there are a problems, one of which is the lack of aviation-alkylate at the Russian refineries. Traditionally, to increase the fuel evaporation characteristics, its composition involves pentane-hexane isomerate, which is a mixture of mainly C5-C7 isoparaffinic hydrocarbons. However, it is impossible to prepare the Avgas 100LL aviation gasoline composition according to the traditional recipe, using a alkylate with high boiling point value instead of aviation alkylate, due to non-compliance with the requirements of the standard, such as final boiling point, temperature of 40% evaporation and vapor pressure. A method is proposed for optimizing the composition of Avgas 100LL containing alkylate without fractionation due to the use of isomerate fractions C6 and C7+ in its composition. These fractions can be obtained in isomerization units of pentane-hexane fractions with depentanizer and deisohexanizer columns. It was shown that the inclusion in the composition of Avgas 100LL isomerate, rich in C6 isoparaffins (light fraction of deisohexanization column) and isomerate, rich in paraffins and isoparaffins C7+ (bottom fraction of deisohexanization column) meets the requirements to distillation points. It has been established that the using of these isomerate fractions in the Avgas 100LL compositions instead of C5-C6 isomerate, allows to use of alkylate without fractionations. As a result of tests for compliance with the requirements of GOST 55493-2013 (ASTM D910) of Avgas 100LL samples, consist of alkylate (FBP=195 C) in the boundary concentrations (30 and 35%), the light fraction of deisohexanization column (28 and 33%), bottom fraction of deisohexanization column (12%) and toluene (25%), with the addition of 0.53 ml/L TEL, positive results were obtained.
2. ASTM D 910-11 Standard specification for aviation gasolines.
3. DEF STAN 91-90. Issue 3. Gasoline aviation: Grades 80/87, 100/130 and 100/130LL. Joint service designation: AVGAS 80, AVGAS 100 and AVGAS 100LL.
4. State standard GOST R 55493-2013. Avgas petrol Avgas 100LL. Standard Specification (in Russian).
5. Technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the requirements for motor and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and fuel oil” (in Russian).
6. Creek R.J. Manufacturing aviation gasoline. Future fuels for general aviation, ASTM STP 1048, K.H. Strauss and C. Gonzalez, Eds., American society for testing and materials. Philadelphia, 1989, pp. 5-16.
7. The official site of the company PJSC "NPP Neftekhim", page of description of isomerization technologies. URL: http://nefthim.ru/spravochnik/protsess-izomerizatsii/ (in Russian), (access date: 03.12.2018).
8. Losikov B.V. Nefteprodukty: svoystva, kachestvo, primenenie. Spravochnik, [Petroleum products: properties, quality, application. Reference book]. Moscow: Khimiya, 1966, 776 p. (in Russian).
9. ASTM D909-18. Standard test method for supercharge rating of spark-ignition aviation gasoline.
Мозырский НПЗ, «Белнефтехим» и Euro Petroleum Consultants проведут совместную научно-техническую конференцию «Развитие нефтеперерабатывающих и нефтехимических производств Республики Беларусь», которая состоится 23-25 апреля 2019 в городе Мозырь (Республика Беларусь).
На протяжении всей современной истории, традиционным спутником нефтегазовой отрасли является вертолетная техника. Облик современной вертолетной и нефтегазовой индустрий динамично меняется, и для повышения эффективности деятельности в части совместных проектов представителям этих двух сфер требуется эффективная площадка для диалога и развития коммуникаций. Именно с этой целью Ассоциация Вертолетной Индустрии организует конференцию по теме «Вертолетные услуги в интересах нефтегазовой отрасли» в рамках одной из самых авторитетных отраслевых выставок – «НЕФТЕГАЗ-2019». Конференция состоится 15 апреля в ЦВК «Экспоцентр» в Москве.
15 апреля в Москве "Конференция о вертолетных услугах для нефтегазовой отрасли"
Integrated Service Solutions (ISS), динамично развивающийся поставщик логистических услуг из Дубая, семимильными шагами движется к расширению в мировом масштабе. Как раз сегодня, когда в свободной экономической зоне при Международном аэропорте Дубая (DAFZ) открылся новый офис, завершено создание совместного предприятия с Группой Creon из Москвы. ISS Global Solutions расположена в Люксембурге, откуда будет осуществляться управление деятельностью группы в Европе и Евразии. Роберто Биззарри, специалист группы по нефтегазовым проектам, будет исполнять обязанности генерального директора компании.

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