Source: http://ca10.washburnlaw.edu/cases/2001/01/00-4129.htm
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 07:54:27+00:00

Document:
Defendant contends that the district court erred in not granting him a downward departure based on the over-representation of his criminal history category.(2) "Absent the trial court's clear misunderstanding of its discretion to depart, or its imposition of a sentence which violates the law or incorrectly applies the guidelines, we have no jurisdiction to review a refusal to depart." United States v. Saffo, 227 F.3d 1260, 1271 (10th Cir. 2000) (quotation omitted). We conclude that we have no jurisdiction to review the district court's refusal to downward depart here.
The sentencing guidelines explicitly authorize a district court to grant a downward departure when it determines that "the defendant's criminal history was significantly less serious than that of most defendants in the same criminal history category." USSG § 4A1.3. Despite this express authorization, defendant contends that the district court erroneously believed it had no discretion to depart downward because defendant's criminal history points far exceeded the number needed to place him in the highest criminal history category. Defendant contends that the court's erroneous belief is evidenced by three statements or omissions by the court. First, the court stated that "this is not a case for downward departure." R. Vol. III, at 5. Second, the court expressed doubt as to whether the length of incarceration prescribed by the guidelines was necessary for violators like defendant. Finally, the court expressly recognized its discretion to depart based on another factor­defendant's cultural assimilation­but it did not expressly recognize its discretion to depart based on the alleged over-representation of defendant's criminal history category.
We find nothing in these statements or omissions to suggest that the district court believed it was without discretion to depart on the basis of over-representation of defendant's criminal history category. Moreover, even if the court's statements and omissions created some ambiguity as to whether it believed it had no discretion to depart, we have held that "unless the judge's language unambiguously states that the judge does not believe he has authority to downward depart, we will not review his decision." United States v. Rodriguez, 30 F.3d 1318, 1319 (10th Cir. 1994). Because the district court did not misunderstand its authority to depart and the sentence was neither illegal nor the result of an incorrect application of the guidelines, we do not have jurisdiction to review the court's denial of a downward departure. Id.
Defendant also challenges his sentence on the ground that it runs afoul of the United States Supreme Court's recent decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), requiring that facts used to enhance the penalty for a crime beyond the statutory minimum be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Defendant argues that because the indictment did not charge him with the prior conviction of an aggravated felony and he did not plead guilty to that fact, the sentencing court could not rely on the prior conviction to enhance his sentence in accordance with 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2).
Apprendi, however, expressly carved out an exception to its rule when the enhancement factor is a prior conviction, based on the Court's previous decision in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 (1998).
Almendarez-Torres held that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2), which mandates an increased sentence for violation of § 1326(a) if the previous deportation was after commission of an aggravated felony, was not a separate element of the offense that must be proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt, but was, instead, merely a sentencing factor based on recidivism.
United States v. Martinez-Villalva, 232 F.3d 1329, 1332 (10th Cir. 2000). Like Martinez-Villalva, "[t]his case falls squarely within the exception to the Apprendi holding and is governed by Almendarez-Torres." Id. at 1331. "We are bound by that case to hold that the fact of defendant's prior felony conviction is not an element of the offense with which he was charged by indictment, but is, instead a sentencing factor." Id. at 1332. Defendant's efforts to challenge the continued validity of Almendarez-Torres are to no avail. United States v. Dorris, ___ F.3d ___, 2000 WL 1869462, at *5 (10th Cir. Dec. 22, 2000) (rejecting similar efforts). Accordingly, the district court's imposition of an enhanced sentence based on defendant's prior conviction did not violate his constitutional rights.
Because we have no jurisdiction to review the district court's denial of downward departure, the appeal is DISMISSED as to that issue. In all other respects, the district court's judgment is AFFIRMED. Appellee's motion to dismiss the appeal as to two issues listed in appellant's docketing statement is DENIED as moot.
2. Defendant also moved for departure based on cultural assimilation. He does not appeal the district court's refusal to depart on this ground.

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