Source: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&family=Xiphiidae
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 20:03:06+00:00

Document:
estara, Xiphias Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:231 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] New Zealand. Holotype: NMNZ. Paratypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nakamura 1983:267 [ref. 5371], Nakamura 1985:48 [ref. 20161], Nakamura 1990:998 [ref. 19483], Nakamura 2001:3757 [ref. 26306]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
gladius, Xiphias Linnaeus [C.] 1758:248 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European ocean. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:50 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Misspelled glaudius by Cabrera et al. 1817 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:176 [ref. 30438]. •Valid as Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Tortonese 1973:482 [ref. 7192], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:304 [ref. 7348], Nakamura 1983:263 [ref. 5371], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:275 [ref. 9277], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:224 [ref. 6441], Nakamura 1985:48 [ref. 20161], Nakamura in Whitehead et al. 1986:1006 [ref. 13676], Heemstra 1986:839 [ref. 5660], Robins & Ray 1986:266 [ref. 23100], Peden & Jamieson 1988:493 [ref. 12864], Allen & Swainston 1988:142 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:463 [ref. 25518], Winterbottom et al. 1989:66 [ref. 13251], Pequeño 1989:67 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:231 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:180 [ref. 14674], Randall et al. 1990:442 [ref. 15987], Nakamura 1990:997 [ref. 19483], Boschung 1992:170 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:455 [ref. 23827], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:173 [ref. 25472], Cervigón 1994:230 [ref. 24488], Gomon et al. 1994:829 [ref. 22532], Allen & Robertson 1994:278 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:70 [ref. 25356], Collette in Fischer et al. 1995:1651 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:379 [ref. 22896], Fierstine & Voigt 1996:148 [ref. 22401], Santos et al. 1997:110 [ref. 23531], Allen 1997:230 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:591 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:103 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:442 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:106 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:14 [ref. 24670], Fricke 1999:560 [ref. 24106], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:334 [ref. 25013], Fricke 1999:49 [ref. 24101], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1333 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:478 [ref. 25191], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:169 [ref. 27754], Nakamura 2001:3757 [ref. 26306], Pakhorukov 2001:380 [ref. 25409], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:140 [ref. 26753], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:509 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:1333 [ref. 26193], Youn 2002:423, 677 [ref. 26218], Nohara et al. 2003:1 [ref. 26814], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Nakamura 2003:1858 [ref. 27116], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Parin 2003:S27 [ref. 28536], Myers & Donaldson 2003:649 [ref. 27495], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:103 [ref. 27192], Randall et al. 2004:31 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:177 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3331 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:423 [ref. 28072], Mundy 2005:510 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:795 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Bray & Hoese 2006:1783 [ref. 29049], Fricke 2007:27 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:111 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:183 [ref. 30517], Gomon 2008:788 [ref. 30616], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:173 [ref. 31251], Fricke et al. 2009:113 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:182 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:220 [ref. 32988], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:84 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:11 [ref. 33516], Parin et al. 2014:516 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:118 [ref. 36167], Pinheiro et al. 2015:33 [ref. 34324], Psomadakis et al. 2015:318 [ref. 34104], Roberts 2015:1647 [ref. 34193], Bañón et al. 2016:324 [ref. 34397], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:611 [ref. 34923], Fourriére et al. 2016:459 [ref. 34668], Kells et al. 2016:318 [ref. 35888], Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2936 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565], Fricke et al. 2018:365 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:172 [ref. 36273], Martins & Carneiro 2018:70 [ref. 36550] as glaudius, Brown et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Red Sea). Habitat: marine.
imperator, Stromateus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Graells 1887:175 [Revista de los Progresos de las Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid v. 22 (no. 3); ref. 30438] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Reprint of Stromateus imperator Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817, which was possibly unpublished. Name only, not available. Independent from Xiphias imperator Bloch & Schneider 1801. •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae.
imperator, Stromateus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Possibly unpublished. Name only, not available. Independent from Xiphias imperator Bloch & Schneider 1801. See Stromateus imperator Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1887. •In the synonymy of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae.
imperator, Xiphias Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:93, Pl. 21 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mediterranean Sea. •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nakamura 1983:267 [ref. 5371], Nakamura 1985:48 [ref. 20161], Nakamura 1990:997 [ref. 19483]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
kleinii, Xiphias Suckow [G. A.] 1799:208 [Naturgeschichte der Thiere v. 4, pt. 1; ref. 18858] Mouth of Vistula River, Bay of Gdansk, Poland, Baltic Sea. No types known. Based on Klein (IV, 19, n. 3, T. 3, f. 1). •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
notistium, Xiphias Cuvier [G.] 1831:127 [The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization Vol. 2. Reptiles-fishes.; ref. 26487] Holotype (unique): BMNH whereabouts unknown. Described in a footnote. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
rondeletii, Xiphias Leach [W. E.] 1814:58, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh v. 2 (no. 1) (art. 4) (for 27 July 1911); ref. 17494] Queensferry, Firth of Forth, Scotland. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Cited on p. 62 in Leach & Nodder 1814 [ref. 2738]; date changed to 1814 (Oct. 2012). •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nakamura 1983:267 [ref. 5371], Nakamura 1985:48 [ref. 20161], Nakamura 1990:997 [ref. 19483]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
rostratus, Scomber Hermann [J.] 1804:304 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] No types known. Based on several literature sources. Xiphiidae.
thermaicus, Xiphias Serbetis [K.] 1951:269, Fig. [Praktlika tes Akademia Athenon v. 22; ref. 12803] Gulf of Thérmaikos, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Originally as thermaïcus. •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nakamura 1983:267 [ref. 5371], Nakamura 1990:998 [ref. 19483]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.
tuberculatus, Phaethonichthys Nichols [J. T.] 1923:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 94; ref. 3176] Rapa Island, Austral Group, Polynesia (from bird gullet). Holotype (unique): AMNH 8257. Genus originally as Phaëthonichthys. •Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 -- (Nakamura 1983:267 [ref. 5371], Nakamura 1985:48 [ref. 20161], Nakamura 1990:998 [ref. 19483]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758. Xiphiidae. Habitat: marine.

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