Source: https://patents.google.com/patent/US8906275B2/en
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 05:27:48+00:00

Document:
2012-08-09 Assigned to NIKE, INC. reassignment NIKE, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DAVIS, CARRIE L., DUA, BHUPESH, NIEGOWSKI, JAMES A.
A method of manufacturing a textured element may include (a) collecting a plurality of filaments upon a textured surface to form a non-woven textile and (b) separating the non-woven textile from the textured surface. Another method of manufacturing a textured element may include depositing a plurality of thermoplastic polymer filaments upon a first surface of a polymer layer to (a) form a non-woven textile and (b) bond the filaments to the polymer layer. A textured surface may then be separated from a second surface of the polymer layer, the second surface being opposite the first surface, and the second surface having a texture from the textured surface.
A variety of products are at least partially formed from textiles. As examples, articles of apparel (e.g., shirts, pants, socks, jackets, undergarments, footwear), containers (e.g., backpacks, bags), and upholstery for furniture (e.g., chairs, couches, car seats) are often formed from various textile elements that are joined through stitching or adhesive bonding. Textiles may also be utilized in bed coverings (e.g., sheets, blankets), table coverings, towels, flags, tents, sails, and parachutes. Textiles utilized for industrial purposes are commonly referred to as technical textiles and may include structures for automotive and aerospace applications, filter materials, medical textiles (e.g. bandages, swabs, implants), geotextiles for reinforcing embankments, agrotextiles for crop protection, and industrial apparel that protects or insulates against heat and radiation. Accordingly, textiles may be incorporated into a variety of products for both personal and industrial purposes.
Textiles may be defined as any manufacture from fibers, filaments, or yarns having a generally two-dimensional structure (i.e., a length and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness). In general, textiles may be classified as mechanically-manipulated textiles or non-woven textiles. Mechanically-manipulated textiles are often formed by weaving or interlooping (e.g., knitting) a yarn or a plurality of yarns, usually through a mechanical process involving looms or knitting machines. Non-woven textiles are webs or mats of filaments that are bonded, fused, interlocked, or otherwise joined. As an example, a non-woven textile may be formed by randomly depositing a plurality of polymer filaments upon a surface, such as a moving conveyor. Various embossing or calendaring processes may also be utilized to ensure that the non-woven textile has a substantially constant thickness, impart texture to one or both surfaces of the non-woven textile, or further bond or fuse filaments within the non-woven textile to each other. Whereas spunbonded non-woven textiles are formed from filaments having a cross-sectional thickness of 10 to 100 microns, meltblown non-woven textiles are formed from filaments having a cross-sectional thickness of less than 10 microns.
A method of manufacturing a textured element may include (a) collecting a plurality of filaments upon a textured surface to form a non-woven textile and (b) separating the non-woven textile from the textured surface. Another method of manufacturing a textured element may include (a) depositing a plurality of filaments upon a moving and endless loop of textured release paper to form a non-woven textile and (b) separating the non-woven textile from the textured release paper. A further method of manufacturing a textured element may include (a) extruding a plurality of substantially separate filaments that include a thermoplastic polymer material and (b) depositing the filaments upon a moving surface to form a non-woven textile and imprint a texture of the moving surface into the non-woven textile.
A method of manufacturing a textured element may include depositing a plurality of thermoplastic polymer filaments upon a first surface of a polymer layer to (a) form a non-woven textile and (b) bond the filaments to the polymer layer. A textured surface may then be separated from a second surface of the polymer layer, the second surface being opposite the first surface, and the second surface having a texture from the textured surface.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a textured non-woven textile.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the textured non-woven textile, as defined by section line 2 in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3A-3F are perspective views corresponding with FIG. 1 and depicting additional configurations of the textured non-woven textile.
FIGS. 4A-4F are cross-sectional views corresponding with FIG. 2 and depicting additional configurations of the textured non-woven textile.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a system utilized in a manufacturing process for the textured non-woven textile.
FIGS. 6A-6E are perspective views of portions of the manufacturing process.
FIGS. 7A-7E are cross-sectional views of the manufacturing process, as respectively defined in FIGS. 6A-6E.
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of another configuration of the system.
FIGS. 9A-9C are perspective views depicting further configurations of the system.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view corresponding with FIG. 7A and depicting another configuration of the system.
FIGS. 11A-11F are perspective views of another manufacturing process.
FIGS. 12A-12F are cross-sectional views of the manufacturing process, as respectively defined in FIGS. 12A-12F.
The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose various configurations of textured elements that incorporate a non-woven textile, as well as methods for manufacturing the textured elements. Although the textured elements are disclosed below as being incorporated into various articles of apparel (e.g., shirts, pants, footwear) for purposes of example, the textured elements may also be incorporated into a variety of other products. For example, the textured elements may be utilized in other types of apparel, containers, and upholstery for furniture. The textured elements may also be utilized in bed coverings, table coverings, towels, flags, tents, sails, and parachutes. Various configurations of the textured elements may also be utilized for industrial purposes, as in automotive and aerospace applications, filter materials, medical textiles, geotextiles, agrotextiles, and industrial apparel. Accordingly, the textured elements may be utilized in a variety of products for both personal and industrial purposes.
A textured element 100 with the configuration of a non-woven textile is depicted in FIG. 1 as having a first surface 101 and an opposite second surface 102. Textured element 100 is primarily formed from a plurality of filaments 103 that include a thermoplastic polymer material. Filaments 103 are distributed randomly throughout textured element 100 and are bonded, fused, interlocked, or otherwise joined to form a non-woven textile structure with a relatively constant thickness (i.e., distance between surfaces 101 and 102). An individual filament 103 may be located on first surface 101, on second surface 102, between surfaces 101 and 102, or on both of surfaces 101 and 102. Depending upon the manner in which textured element 100 is formed, multiple portions of an individual filament 103 may be located on first surface 101, different portions of the individual filament 103 may be located on second surface 102, and other portions of the individual filament 103 may be located between surfaces 101 and 102. In order to impart an interlocking structure to the non-woven textile within textured element 100, the various filaments 103 may wrap around each other, extend over and under each other, and pass through various areas of textured element 100. In areas where two or more filaments 103 contact each other, the thermoplastic polymer material forming filaments 103 may be bonded or fused to join filaments 103 to each other. Accordingly, filaments 103 are effectively joined to each other in a variety of ways to form a non-woven textile with a cohesive structure within textured element 100.
Although textured element 100 has a relatively constant thickness, areas of first surface 101 include a texture 104. In this example, texture 104 has a configuration of a plurality of curved, wave-like, or undulating lines. Referring to FIG. 2, texture 104 forms various indentations, depressions, or other discontinuities in first surface 101 with a hemispherical, curved, or generally rounded shape. In effect, these discontinuities make texture 101 perceptible through either vision, tactile touch, or both. That is, a person may see and/or feel texture 104 in areas of textured element 100. In addition to enhancing the aesthetics of textured element 100, texture 104 may enhance the physical properties of textured element 100, such as strength, abrasion resistance, and permeability to water.
The plurality of curved, wave-like, or undulating lines provide an example of one configuration that is suitable for texture 104. As another example, FIG. 3A depicts texture 104 as being various x-shaped features. Texture 104 may also be utilized to convey information, as in the series of alpha-numeric characters that are formed in first surface 101 in FIG. 3B. Similarly, texture 104 may be symbols, trademarks, indicia, drawings, or any other feature that may be formed in first surface 101. Although texture 104 may be generally linear features, texture 104 may also be larger indentations in areas of first surface 101, as depicted in FIG. 3C. Texture 104 may also be utilized to impart the appearance of other materials to textured element 100. As an example, texture 104 may include a plurality of elongate and non-linear indentations in first surface 101, as depicted in FIGS. 3D and 3E, that impart the appearance of leather or a leather-style grain to textured element 100. More particularly, texture 104 includes indentations in first surface 101 that may (a) cross each other or be separate from each other, (b) exhibit varying or constant widths and depths, or (c) appear randomly-located. As another example, texture 104 may include a plurality of randomly-located indentations in first surface 101, as depicted in FIG. 3F, that also impart the appearance of leather or a leather-style grain to textured element 100. An advantage of forming texture 104 to exhibit the appearance of leather is that textured element 100 may be utilized as a synthetic leather or a substitute for leather or conventional synthetic leather. Accordingly, the configuration of texture 104 may vary significantly to include a variety of shapes and features.
The discontinuities in first surface 101 that form texture 104 may have the hemispherical, curved, or generally rounded shape noted above. In other examples, however, the discontinuities forming texture 104 may have other shapes or configurations. As an example, FIG. 4A depicts texture 104 as being squared, V-shaped, and irregular indentations. Referring to FIG. 4B, the depth of the indentations forming texture 104 may vary. Additionally, FIG. 4C depicts texture 104 as being formed in both of surfaces 101 and 102, with some indentations being aligned and some unaligned. Texture 104 may also be raised in comparison with other areas of first surface 101, as depicted in FIG. 4D, to form bumps, bulges, or other outwardly-protruding features. Moreover, texture 104 may be a relatively large indentation, as depicted in FIG. 4E, that may correspond with the areas of texture 104 in FIG. 3C. Accordingly, the configuration of texture 104 may vary significantly to include a variety of indentations, depressions, or other discontinuities in first surface 101.
As another example of textured element 100, FIG. 4F depicts first surface 101 as being formed from a skin layer 105. For purposes of comparison, filaments 103 extend between and form surfaces 101 and 102 in each of the configurations discussed above. Skin layer 105, however, may be a layer of polymer material that does not include filaments 103. Moreover, texture 104 may be applied to skin layer 105, thereby forming indentations, depressions, or other discontinuities in portions of first surface 101 formed from skin layer 105. As noted above, texture 104 may impart the appearance of leather or a leather-style grain to textured element 100. The combination of skin layer 105 and the appearance of leather (e.g., through texture 104) may provide an enhanced synthetic leather or substitute for leather or conventional synthetic leather.
Fibers are often defined, in textile terminology, as having a relatively short length that ranges from one millimeter to a few centimeters or more, whereas filaments are often defined as having a longer length than fibers or even an indeterminate length. As utilized within the present document, the term “filament” or variants thereof is defined as encompassing lengths of both fibers and filaments from the textile terminology definitions. Accordingly, filaments 103 or other filaments referred to herein may generally have any length. As an example, therefore, filaments 103 may have a length that ranges from one millimeter to hundreds of meters or more.
Filaments 103 include a thermoplastic polymer material. In general, a thermoplastic polymer material melts when heated and returns to a solid state when cooled. More particularly, the thermoplastic polymer material transitions from a solid state to a softened or liquid state when subjected to sufficient heat, and then the thermoplastic polymer material transitions from the softened or liquid state to the solid state when sufficiently cooled. As such, the thermoplastic polymer material may be melted, molded, cooled, re-melted, re-molded, and cooled again through multiple cycles. Thermoplastic polymer materials may also be welded or thermal bonded to other textile elements, plates, sheets, polymer foam elements, thermoplastic polymer elements, thermoset polymer elements, or a variety of other elements formed from various materials. In contrast with thermoplastic polymer materials, many thermoset polymer materials do not melt when heated, simply burning instead. Although a wide range of thermoplastic polymer materials may be utilized for filaments 103, examples of some suitable thermoplastic polymer materials include thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, and polyolefin. Although any of the thermoplastic polymer materials mentioned above may be utilized for textured element 100, thermoplastic polyurethane provides various advantages. For example, various formulations of thermoplastic polyurethane are elastomeric and stretch over one-hundred percent, while exhibiting relatively high stability or tensile strength. In comparison with some other thermoplastic polymer materials, thermoplastic polyurethane readily forms thermal bonds with other elements, as discussed in greater detail below. Also, thermoplastic polyurethane may form foam materials and may be recycled to form a variety of products.
Although each of filaments 103 may be entirely formed from a single thermoplastic polymer material, individual filaments 103 may also be at least partially formed from multiple polymer materials. As an example, an individual filament 103 may have a sheath-core configuration, wherein an exterior sheath of the individual filament 103 is formed from a first type of thermoplastic polymer material, and an interior core of the individual filament 103 is formed from a second type of thermoplastic polymer material. As a similar example, an individual filament 103 may have a bi-component configuration, wherein one half of the individual filament 103 is formed from a first type of thermoplastic polymer material, and an opposite half of the individual filament 103 is formed from a second type of thermoplastic polymer material. In some configurations, an individual filament 103 may be formed from both a thermoplastic polymer material and a thermoset polymer material with either of the sheath-core or bi-component arrangements. Although all of filaments 103 may be entirely formed from a single thermoplastic polymer material, filaments 103 may also be formed from multiple polymer materials. As an example, some of filaments 103 may be formed from a first type of thermoplastic polymer material, whereas other filaments 103 may be formed from a second type of thermoplastic polymer material. As a similar example, some of filaments 103 may be formed from a thermoplastic polymer material, whereas other filaments 103 may be formed from a thermoset polymer material. Accordingly, each filaments 103, portions of filaments 103, or at least some of filaments 103 may be formed from one or more thermoplastic polymer materials.
The thermoplastic polymer material or other materials utilized for textured element 100 (i.e., filaments 103) may be selected to have various stretch properties, and the materials may be considered elastomeric. Depending upon the specific product that textured element 100 will be incorporated into, textured element 100 or filaments 103 may stretch between ten percent to more than eight-hundred percent prior to tensile failure. For many articles of apparel, in which stretch is an advantageous property, textured element 100 or filaments 103 may stretch at least one-hundred percent prior to tensile failure. As a related matter, thermoplastic polymer material or other materials utilized for textured element 100 (i.e., filaments 103) may be selected to have various recovery properties. That is, textured element 100 may be formed to return to an original shape after being stretched, or textured element 100 may be formed to remain in an elongated or stretched shape after being stretched. Many products that incorporate textured element 100, such as articles of apparel, may benefit from properties that allow textured element 100 to return or otherwise recover to an original shape after being stretched by one-hundred percent or more.
Textured element 100 may be formed as a spunbonded or meltblown material. Whereas spunbonded non-woven textiles are formed from filaments having a cross-sectional thickness of 10 to 100 microns, meltblown non-woven textiles are formed from filaments having a cross-sectional thickness of less than 10 microns. In many configurations, therefore, an individual filament 103 will have a thickness between 1 micron and 100 microns. Textured element 100 may be either spunbonded, meltblown, or a combination of spunbonded and meltblown. Moreover, textured element 100 may be formed to have spunbonded and meltblown layers, or may also be formed such that filaments 103 are combinations of spunbonded and meltblown.
In addition to differences in the thickness of individual filaments 103, the overall thickness of textured element 100 may vary significantly. With reference to the various figures, the thickness of textured element 100 and other elements may be amplified or otherwise increased to show details or other features associated with textured element 100, thereby providing clarity in the figures. For many applications, however, a thickness of textured element 100 may be in a range of 0.5 millimeters to 10.0 millimeters, but may vary considerably beyond this range. For many articles of apparel, for example, a thickness of 1.0 to 3.0 millimeters may be appropriate, although other thicknesses may be utilized.
Based upon the above discussion, textured element 100 has the general structure of a non-woven textile formed filaments 103. At least one of surfaces 101 and 102 includes texture 104, which may have various configurations. For example, texture 104 may be lines, letters, numbers, symbols, or areas. Texture 104 may also resemble biological matter, such as leather. Additionally, the various filaments 103 may be formed from a thermoplastic polymer material. As discussed below, the thermoplastic polymer material in textured element 100 provides significant variety in the manner in which textured element 100 may be used or incorporated into products.
An advantage of textured element 100 relates to versatility. More particularly, textured element 100 may be (a) modified in numerous ways to impart various properties, including fusing of regions, molding to have a three-dimensional shape, and stitching, (b) joined with other elements through thermal bonding, (c) incorporated into various products, and (d) recycled, for example. Additional information relating to these concepts may be found in (a) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/367,274, filed on 6 Feb. 2009 and entitled Thermoplastic Non-Woven Textile Elements and (b) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/579,838, filed on 15 Oct. 2009 and entitled Textured Thermoplastic Non-Woven Elements, both applications being incorporated herein by reference. Moreover, texture 104 may be utilized with textured element 100 when modified, joined, or incorporated into products to enhance aesthetic and physical properties (e.g., strength, abrasion resistance, permeability) of the products.
A system 200 that is utilized in a process for manufacturing, forming, or otherwise making textured element 100 is depicted in FIG. 5. Although system 200 is shown as manufacturing the configuration of textured element 100 depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, system 200 may be utilized to make other non-woven textiles, a variety of textured non-woven textiles, and any of the configurations of textured element 100 depicted in FIGS. 3A-3F and 4A-4F. Moreover, while system 200 provides an example of one approach to manufacturing textured element 100, a variety of other systems may also be used. Similarly, various modified versions of system 200, which may be discussed below, may also produce textured element 100.
The primary elements of system 200 are a filament extruder 210, a release paper 220, a conveyor 230, a pair of rollers 240, a post-processing apparatus 250, and a collection roll 260. In general operation, a plurality of filaments 103 are extruded from or otherwise formed by filament extruder 210. The individual filaments 103 are deposited or collected upon release paper 220 to form a layer of filaments 103. Release paper 220 moves with conveyor 230 toward rollers 240, thereby moving the layer of filaments 103 toward rollers 240. The combination of release paper 220 and the layer of filaments 103 passes through and is compressed by rollers 240 to (a) provide uniform thickness to textured element 100 and (b) ensure that a texture of release paper 220 is imprinted upon the layer of filaments 103. Once compressed, the layer of filaments 103 and release paper 220 are separated. The layer of filaments 103 then enters post-processing apparatus 250 to enhance the properties of textured element 100. Once post-processing is complete, a relatively long length of textured element 100 is gathered on collection roll 260.
As the individual filaments 103 are being extruded from filament extruder 210, release paper 220 and conveyor 230 are moving below spinneret 213. For purposes of reference in various figures, the direction in which release paper 220 and conveyor 230 are moving is identified by an arrow 201. Referring to FIGS. 6A and 7A, a textured surface 221 of release paper 220 faces upward and is exposed. Textured surface 221 includes various protrusions 222 that impart texture to release paper 220. Although release paper 220 and textured surface 221 are generally planar, protrusions 222 project upward from release paper 220. As depicted, protrusions 222 (a) are curved, wave-like, or undulating lines and (b) have a hemispherical, curved, or generally rounded shape, both of which are similar to texture 104 in FIGS. 1 and 2. In general, protrusions 222 have a height in a range of 0.05 to 3.0 millimeters, although the height may vary. In this range, protrusions 222 are more than mere irregularities in textured surface 221, but are not so large as to impart a three-dimensional or generally non-planar aspect to release paper 220. As such, protrusions 222 have a height that corresponds with general dimensions of textures in textiles and similar products. As an alternative to protrusions 222, textured surface 221 may form depressions or indentations that would also impart a texture to textured element 100. Although a width of release paper 220 (i.e., a dimension that is perpendicular to arrow 201) may vary, many configurations have a width of at least 30 centimeters to form textured element 100 with sufficient area to make apparel and a variety of other products, with protrusions 222 extending across at least a portion of this width.
Release paper 220 is utilized to provide an example of one manner of incorporating a textured surface into system 200. In general, release paper 220 is a relatively thin layer that (a) does not bond or otherwise join with the thermoplastic polymer material forming textured element 100 and (b) includes a texture (i.e., protrusions 222 upon textured surface 221) that is suitable for imparting a corresponding texture (i.e., texture 104) to textured element 100. Despite the use of “paper” in the term “release paper,” release paper 220 may be solely or primarily formed from polymer materials or other materials that are not commonly found in paper (e.g., wood pulp). As alternatives to release paper 220, other textured materials may be utilized, such as a textured metallic film. Moreover, release paper 220 or corresponding components may be absent from system 200 when, for example, a surface of conveyor 230 is textured.
Continuing with the manufacturing of textured element 100, release paper 220 moves with conveyor 230 to a position that is under or adjacent to spinneret 213 of filament extruder 210. Although filaments 103 are substantially separate and unjoined when exiting filament extruder 210, the individual filaments 103 are deposited or collected upon release paper 220 to begin the process of forming the non-woven textile of textured element 100, as depicted in FIGS. 6B and 7B. Moreover filaments 103 extend around and over the various protrusions 222 to begin the process of imparting texture to the layer of filaments 103.
Filament extruder 210 produces a constant and steady volume of filaments 103. Additionally, release paper 220 and conveyor 230 are continually moving relative to spinneret 213 at a constant velocity. As a result, a relatively uniform thickness of filaments 103 collects on release paper 220. By modifying (a) the volume of filaments 103 that are produced by filament extruder 210 or (b) the velocity of release paper 220 and conveyor 230, the layer of filaments 103 deposited upon release paper 220 may have any desired thickness.
After passing adjacent to filament extruder 210, a complete layer of filaments 103 is collected upon release paper 220, as depicted in FIGS. 6C and 7C. Although the layer of filaments 103 has a relatively uniform thickness, some surface irregularities may be present due to the random manner in which filaments 103 are deposited upon release paper 220. As this stage, release paper 220 and the layer of filaments 103 pass between rollers 240, as depicted in FIGS. 6D and 7D. Rollers 240 compress release paper 220 and the layer of filaments 103 to (a) ensure that the texture from release paper 220 is imprinted upon the layer of filaments 103 and (b) smooth surface irregularities that are present in the layer of filaments 103. In effect, therefore, textured element 100 is compressed against textured surface 221 to provide texture 104 and a uniform thickness. Additionally, rollers 240 may be heated to raise the temperature of the layer of filaments 103 during compression.
At this point in the manufacturing process for textured element 100, the layer of filaments 103 separates from release paper 220, as depicted in FIGS. 6E and 7E. Although a relatively short distance is shown between rollers 240 and the area where release paper 220 separates from the layer of filaments 103, this distance may be modified to ensure that the layer of filaments 103 is sufficiently cooled. The layer of filaments 103 now enters post-processing apparatus 250. Although shown as a single component, post-processing apparatus 250 may be multiple components that further refine properties of the layer of filaments 103. As an example, post-processing apparatus 250 may pass heated air through the layer of filaments 103 to (a) further bond filaments 103 to each other, (b) heatset filaments 103 or the web formed in textured element 100, (c) shrink the layer of filaments 103, (d) preserve or modify loft and density in the layer of filaments 103, and (e) cure polymer materials in textured element 100. Other post-processing processing steps may include dying, fleecing, perforating, sanding, sueding, and printing.
Once the layer of filaments 103 exits post-processing apparatus 250, the manufacturing of textured element 100 is effectively complete. Textured element 100 is then accumulated on collection roll 260. After a sufficient length of textured element 100 is accumulated, collection roll 260 may be shipped or otherwise transported to another manufacturer, utilized to form various products, or used for other purposes.
The manufacturing process discussed above has various advantages over conventional processes for forming non-woven textiles. In some conventional processes, calendar rolls are utilized to impart texture. More particularly, calendar rolls are placed within a manufacturing system to (a) heat a non-woven textile and (b) imprint a texture upon the non-woven textile. The process of removing calendar rolls with a first texture, installing calendar rolls with a second texture, and aligning the new calendar rolls may require numerous individuals and significant time. In system 200, however, release paper 220 is replaced with a new release paper 220, which may be performed by fewer individuals and relatively quickly. Additionally, calendar rolls are relatively expensive, whereas release paper 220 is relatively inexpensive. Accordingly, system 220 has the advantages of (a) enhancing efficiency of the manufacturing process, (b) reducing the number of individuals necessary to make modifications to the process, (c) reducing the time that the process is not in operation, and (d) reducing expenses associated with equipment.
The manufacturing process discussed above in relation to system 200 provides an example of a suitable manufacturing process for textured element 100. Numerous variations of the manufacturing process will now be discussed. For example, FIG. 8 depicts a portion of system 200 in which release paper 200 forms an endless loop. That is, release paper 200 follows conveyor 230, passes through rollers 240, and then returns to again follow conveyor 230. In effect, release paper 200 forms a loop and is used repeatedly to form texture 104 on textured element 100. Another example is depicted in FIG. 9A, in which a vacuum pump 202 draws air through various perforations 271 in release paper 220, effectively creating negative pressure at textured surface 221. In operation, the negative pressure may assist with (a) collecting filaments 103 upon textured surface 221 and (b) conforming the layer of filaments 103 to protrusions 222. Referring to FIG. 9B, a configuration is depicted where (a) release paper 220 is absent and (b) conveyor 230 includes a textured surface 231 with various protrusions 232. Continuing with this example, FIG. 9C depicts a configuration wherein vacuum pump 202 draws air through various perforations 271 in conveyor 230. Additionally, FIG. 10 depicts a configuration wherein protrusions 222 of release paper 220 are replaced by a plurality of indentations 223. As with protrusions 222, indentations 223 may have a depth in a range of 0.1 to 3.0 millimeters, for example.
In the manufacturing process discussed above, the non-woven material of textured element 100 is formed upon a textured surface (e.g., textured surface 221). After manufacturing, therefore, the non-woven material of textured element 100 also forms texture 104. That is, texture 104 forms various indentations, depressions, or other discontinuities in the non-woven material. As a variation, FIG. 4F depicts texture 104 as being formed in skin layer 405. A manufacturing process for producing a similar configuration will now be discussed. Referring to FIGS. 11A and 12A, a layered element 270 is located on conveyor 230 and includes a texture layer 271 and a skin layer 272. Texture layer 271 has a textured surface 273 that is in contact with skin layer 271 and includes a plurality of protrusions 274. As an example, texture layer 271 may be similar to release paper 220. Skin layer 272 is a polymer layer and may be formed from the thermoplastic polymer material of filaments 103, a different thermoplastic polymer material, or another polymer. Moreover, skin layer 272 includes various indentations 275 corresponding with protrusions 274.
As conveyor 230 moves, layered element 270 is positioned under a heating element 280, as depicted in FIGS. 11B and 12B. Heating element 280 may be an infrared heater, resistance heater, convection heater, or any other device capable of raising the temperature of skin layer 272. Although the temperature of skin layer 272 at this point in the manufacturing process may vary, the temperature of skin layer 272 is often raised to at least the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer material forming skin layer 272. Following heating, layered element 270 moves with conveyor 230 to a position that is under or adjacent to spinneret 213 of filament extruder 210. Although filaments 103 are substantially separate and unjoined when exiting filament extruder 210, the individual filaments 103 are deposited or collected upon the heated skin layer 272 to begin the process of forming the non-woven textile of textured element 100, as depicted in FIGS. 11C and 12C. Filaments 103 that are in contact with skin layer 272 may bond with skin layer 272.
After passing adjacent to filament extruder 210, a complete layer of filaments 103 is collected upon skin layer 272, as depicted in FIGS. 11D and 12D. Although the layer of filaments 103 has a relatively uniform thickness, some surface irregularities may be present due to the random manner in which filaments 103 are deposited upon skin layer 272. As this stage, layered element 270 and the layer of filaments 103 pass between rollers 240, as depicted in FIGS. 11E and 12E. Rollers 240 compress layered element 270 and the layer of filaments 103 to (a) ensure that filaments 103 bond with skin layer 272 (b) smooth surface irregularities that are present in the layer of filaments 103. Additionally, rollers 240 may be heated to raise the temperature of the layer of filaments 103 during compression.
At this point in the manufacturing process for textured element 100, texture layer 271 is separated from skin layer 272, as depicted in FIGS. 11F and 12F. More particularly, the combination of the layer of filaments 103 and skin layer 272 is separated from texture layer 271. Various post-processing may now be performed to refine the properties of the layer of filaments 103 and skin layer 272, thereby completing the manufacturing process and forming a structure similar to the variation of textured element 100 in FIG. 4F.
separating a textured surface from a second surface of the polymer layer, the second surface being opposite the first surface, and the second surface having a texture from the textured surface.
2. The method recited in claim 1, further including a step of selecting the polymer layer to include one of (a) a thermoplastic polymer material used to form the thermoplastic polymer filaments and (b) a different thermoplastic polymer material.
3. The method recited in claim 1, further including a step of heating the polymer layer prior to the step of depositing.
4. The method recited in claim 1, further including a step of compressing the non-woven textile and the polymer layer.
5. The method recited in claim 1, further including a step of selecting the textured surface to have at least one of (a) a plurality of protrusions with a height in a range of 0.1 millimeters to 3.0 millimeters and (b) a plurality of indentations with a depth in a range of 0.1 millimeters to 3.0 millimeters.
6. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the step of depositing includes moving the polymer layer and the textured surface.
7. The method recited in claim 1, further including a step of compressing the polymer layer against the textured surface.
8. The method recited in claim 1 further including a step of drawing air through the textured surface.
9. The method recited in claim 1 further including a step of selecting the textured surface to be one of (a) a release paper, (b) a surface of a moving conveyor, and (c) a release paper coupled to a moving conveyor.
separating the polymer layer from the texture layer.
11. The method recited in claim 10, wherein the step of heating includes raising a temperature of the polymer layer to at least a glass transition temperature of the first thermoplastic polymer material.
12. The method recited in claim 10, further including a step of selecting the first thermoplastic polymer material to be the same as the second thermoplastic polymer material.
13. The method recited in claim 10, further including a step of compressing the polymer layer against the textured surface.
14. The method recited in claim 10, further including a step of drawing air through the textured surface.
15. The method recited in claim 10, further including a step of selecting the textured surface to be one of (a) a release paper, (b) a surface of a moving conveyor, and (c) a release paper coupled to a moving conveyor.
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