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At present, most of simulation programs can characterize gate delays of microwave transistors. However, the delay is mostly approximated by means of first-order differential equations. In the paper, a more accurate way is suggested which is based on an appropriate second-order differential equation. Concerning the transmission line delay, majority of the simulation programs use both Branin (for lossless lines) and LCRG (for lossy lines) models. However, the first causes extreme simulation times, and the second causes well-known spurious oscillations in the simulation results. In the paper, an unusual way for modeling the transmission line delay is defined, which is also based on the second-order Bessel function. The proposed model does not create the spurious oscillations and the simulation times are comparable with those obtained with the classical models. Properties of the implementation of the second-order Bessel function are demonstrated by analyses of both digital and analog microwave circuits.
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This contribution deals with an application of three different algorithms which optimize a group delay of analog filters. One of them is a part of the professional circuit simulator Micro Cap 7 and the others two original algorithms are developed in the MATLAB environment. An all-pass network is used to optimize the group delay of an arbitrary analog filter. Introduced algorithms look for an optimal order and optimal coefficients of an all-pass network transfer function. Theoretical foundations are introduced and all algorithms are tested using the optimization of testing analog filter. The optimization is always run three times because the second, third and fourth-order all-pass network is used. An equalization of the original group delay is a main objective of these optimizations. All outputs of all algorithms are critically evaluated and also described.
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In this paper, a microstrip transmission line combined with a new U-headed dumb-bell defected ground structure (DGS) is investigated. The proposed DGS of two U-shape slots connected by a thin transverse slot is placed in the ground plane of a microstrip line. A finite cutoff frequency and attenuation pole is observed and thus, the equivalent circuit of the DGS unit can be represented by a parallel LC resonant circuit in series with the transmission line. A two-cell DGS microstrip line yields a better lowpass filtering characteristics. The simulation is carried out by the MoM based IE3D software and in the experimental measurements a vector network analyzer is used. The effects of the transverse slot width and the distance between arms of the U-slot on the filter response curve are studied. This DGS is utilized for different microstrip circuit applications. The DGS is placed in the ground of a capacitive loaded microstrip line and a very low cutoff frequency is obtained. The DGS is adopted under the coupled lines of a parallel line coupler and an improvement in coupling coefficient is noticed. The proposed DGS is also incorporated in the ground plane under the feed lines and the coupled lines of a bandpass filter to improve separately the stopband and passband performances.
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The paper deals with the new algorithm of animation of 3D model of the human head in combination with its global motion. The designed algorithm is very fast and with low calculation requirements, because it does not need the synthesis of the input videosequence for estimation of the animation parameters as well as the parameters of global motion. The used 3D model Candide generates different expressions using its animation units which are controlled by the animation parameters. These ones are estimated on the basis of optical flow without the need of extracting of the feature points in the frames of the input videosequence because they are given by the selected vertices of the animation units of the calibrated 3D model Candide. The established multiple iterations inside the designed animation algorithm of 3D model of the human head between two successive frames significantly improved its accuracy above all for the large motion.
The special issue of the IEEE Trans.on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology on MPEG-4 SNHC, July 2004.
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The main aim of this paper is the analysis of speech deteriorated by a very rare disease, which induce epileptic seizures in a part of brain responsible for speech production. Speech defects, represented mostly by the combination of missing and mismatched phonemes, are sought and examined in the spectral and time domain.
An algorithm, proposed in this paper, is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and it is most suitable for the speech recognition tasks. The algorithm is able to analyze in both time and spectral domains simultaneously; in the spectral domain as a log-likelihood score and in the time domain as a forced time alignment of the HMMs.
The suggested algorithm works properly in the time domain. The results for the spectral domain are not credible, because the algorithm have to be tested on more data (not available at the time of paper preparation).
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