Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/226/570/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 20:00:36+00:00

Document:
Where the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court does not depend entirely on diverse citizenship, but is also founded upon a federal statute, and the amount exceeds one thousand dollars, the judgment of the circuit court of appeals is not final under § 6 of the Judiciary Act of 1891.
Even if the petition in a suit against an intrastate carrier for the death of one engaged in interstate commerce asserts a cause of action under the state statute, without referring to the Federal Employers' Liability Act, the court is presumed to be cognizant of the federal act and of the fact that it has superseded state laws upon the subject.
Under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, the beneficiaries of one killed cannot maintain an action against the employer except a personal representatives of the deceased, but, where the plaintiff is sole beneficiary and takes out letters after the commencement of the action, the court may allow an amendment alleging that the plaintiff sues in the capacity of administrator.
An amendment to the effect that plaintiff sues as personal representative on the same cause of action under the federal statute, instead of as sole beneficiary of the deceased under the state statute, is not equivalent to the commencement of a new action, and is not subject to the statute of limitations. Union Pacific Ry. Co. v. Wyler, 158 U. S. 285, distinguished.
The facts, which involve the construction of the Federal Employers' Liability Act and to what extent amendments of pleadings are allowable, are stated in the opinion.
"plaintiff is the mother of the said Fred S. Wulf, and is a feme sole, and the said Fred S. Wulf was an unmarried man, leaving no wife or children surviving. That his father died prior to the time that he died, and plaintiff is the sole heir, next of kin, and beneficiary of the estate of the said Fred S. Wulf, deceased. That there is no administration pending on the said estate of the said Fred S. Wulf within this state [Texas] or elsewhere, and that none is necessary. That said decedent was a resident citizen of the State of Texas when he was killed, but was temporarily working in Kansas. That, by virtue of the laws of the State of Kansas, where the said Fred S. Wulf was killed, a right of action is provided by statute for injuries resulting in death."
and deceased was in its employ and was himself engaged in interstate commerce, and that the cause of action is not governed by the laws of Kansas, but arises out of the Federal Employers' Liability Act of 1908. There were also a general denial of the allegations of the petition, and an averment of contributory negligence on the part of the deceased and of his fellow servants. Upon the same day (January 6, 1911), the plaintiff filed her first amended original petition, averring that she was the sole heir and next of kin of Fred S. Wulf, deceased; that, at the time of the filing of the original petition, there was no administration upon his estate and no necessity for any; that, on January 4, 1911, she was duly appointed temporary administratrix of his estate by the County Court of Grayson County, Texas, a court of competent jurisdiction, and qualified as such, with full power and authority to prosecute this suit as party plaintiff, and had made application to be appointed permanent administratrix.
"That there now exists no necessity for an administration upon the estate of the said Fred S. Wulf unless the same should be necessary for the sole purpose of prosecuting this suit as administratrix of said decedent for the benefit of herself as the surviving parent and next of kin of the said decedent, said plaintiff being the next of kin and sole beneficiary of whatever may be recovered in this suit. She therefore sues in her original capacity as such sole beneficiary and next of kin, but, in the event it shall be determined that she is not entitled to recover in said capacity, then she asks that she be allowed to recover as administratrix for her benefit, as aforesaid. Therefore she sues both in her individual capacity and as administratrix, as aforesaid."
was killed, and the Acts of Congress, a right of action is provided for injuries resulting in death in the manner and form and in the occupation that deceased was engaged in at the time of his death."
This amendment was allowed by the court, and an order was made permitting the plaintiff to prosecute as the personal representative of the deceased for her individual benefit, as well as in her individual capacity. Thereafter, the defendant filed its second amended answer, by which it excepted to that portion of the amended petition making Sallie C. Wulf a party plaintiff because, "under the Act of Congress known as the Employers' Liability Act, she is not a proper party to said suit," excepted to that portion making her a party as temporary administratrix, "because she was not made a party as such administratrix at the time of the filing of the original petition," and excepted to that portion seeking to make her a party as administratrix because the amendment making her a party in that capacity was made more than two years from the time the alleged cause of action accrued, and for that the cause of action, if any, was barred by the limitation of two years. There was also a general denial of the allegations of fact in plaintiff's petition contained, "except that this defendant says that, at the time the said deceased was killed, he was engaged in interstate commerce."
The exceptions being overruled, a trial was had upon the issues of fact, and resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of the plaintiff (now defendant in error) for $7,000, which was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, and the case comes here by writ of error.
circuit court of appeals was not made final by § 6 of the Evarts Act, and thus (the matter in controversy exceeding $1,000), there is a right to a writ of error from this Court. Act of March 3, 1891, 26 Stat. 828, c. 517, § 6; Judicial Code of March 3, 1911, 36 Stat. c. 231, pp. 1133, 1157, §§ 128, 241.
The argument for reversal rests wholly upon the mode of procedure followed in the circuit court. It is contended that the plaintiff's original petition failed to state a cause of action because she sued in her individual capacity and based her right of recovery upon the Kansas statute, whereas her action could legally rest only upon the federal Employers' Liability Act of 1908, which requires the action to be brought in the name of the personal representative of the deceased; that the plaintiff's amended petition, in which for the first time she set up a right to sue as administratrix, alleged an entirely new and distinct cause of action, and that such an amendment could not lawfully be allowed so as to relate back to the commencement of the action, inasmuch as the plaintiff's cause of action was barred by the limitation of two years before she undertook to sue as administratrix.
Congress. But the court was presumed to be cognizant of the enactment of the Employers' Liability Act, and to know that, with respect to the responsibility of interstate carriers by railroad to their employees injured in such commerce after its enactment, it had the effect of superseding state laws upon the subject. Second Employers' Liability Cases, 223 U. S. 1, 223 U. S. 53. Therefore, the pleader was not required to refer to the federal act, and the reference actually made to the Kansas statute no more vitiated the pleading than a reference to any other repealed statute would have done.
It is true that, under the federal statute, the plaintiff could not, although sole beneficiary, maintain the action except as personal representative. So it was held in American Railroad Co. v. Birch, 224 U. S. 547. But, in that case, there was no offer to amend by joining or substituting the personal representative, and this Court, while reversing the judgment, did so without prejudice to such rights as the personal representatives might have. The decision left untouched the question of the propriety of such an amendment as was applied for and allowed in the case before us -- an amendment that, without in any way modifying or enlarging the facts upon which the action was based, in effect merely indicated the capacity in which the plaintiff was to prosecute the action. The amendment was clearly within § 954, Rev.Stat.
relied upon the fellow servant's mere negligence, together with a statute of Kansas which made the master responsible for the consequences of the negligence of a fellow servant. The action having been commenced in a Missouri court which would not take notice of the Kansas statute unless it were pleaded (Babcock v. Babcock, 46 Mo. 243), this Court held that the rule that the federal courts take judicial notice of the laws of the several states did not apply. Since, in the present case, the federal statute did not need to be pleaded, and the amended petition set up no new facts as the ground of action, the decision in the Wyler case is not controlling.
MR. JUSTICE LURTON entertains doubts as to whether the two years' limitation does not apply.

References: § 6
 v. 
 § 6
 § 6
 v. 
 § 954
 v.