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Timestamp: 2019-04-24 12:19:21+00:00

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it is on how you can improve your writing skills for IETLS.
almost. It is noticeable that France and Germany have similar profiles. D and E have (相同 ) NO4 each Sweden has the most students studying CAD (9).According to the pie chart. Overall. 2. 5% and 2% respectively. chicken. and finally come E. which is 40%. precisely 表示列举 data/information句型 1. fish and other at 15%. which is %. According to the pie chart. B is next with NO2. while C has NO3. followed by C. Germany has 11. is the most popular among the total meat sold. is the most···among the total···. while France has 6. . nearly 完全： Exactly. France and Spain both have 12 students. Sweden has the largest number of enrolled students (17) and Syria the smallest(5). Overall.也就是说， 这时候 关于描 述变化 趋势和 变化特 征的 词汇和句 型就用 得上了。 此时此 刻， 我们要 concentrate的是 • • • • 首先客观 描述变 化的大 体趋势 （是升 高了还 是降 低了，是 多了还 是少了 ） 然 后 描 述 变 化 的 具 体 特 征 （ 是 怎 样增 加 的 ， 是 怎样 减 少 的 ， 幅 度 如 何 ， 速 率 接 着 找 出 变 化 趋 势 相 似 的 不 同 物 体， 然 后 客 观 描述 一 下 ， 以 减 少 单 词 和 词 汇 同样，这 里也需 要一个 纵横全 局的归 纳和总 结 如何） 的重复使 用，避 免啰嗦 说了那么多，估计你们也看烦看腻了。毕竟很多人都想着一蹴而就，想着尽可能多背单词多 抄句型。好吧，闲话不多说，上货！请大家验明正身！ ！ 程度副词 多于： More than. Germany and Syria have 4 CAD students each.A has the most+名 词 +doing (NO1). E has NO4. making up 18%. just over. then next is pork with 20%. %. C and D both have NO3. and finally come lamb. followed by beef. % respectively. A has the largest number of名词 (NO1) and B the smallest (NO2). over 少于： Less than. making up %. just under 几乎： Approximately. then next is B with %. 3. F and G at %. Spain is next with 7. A.
drop 缓慢: gradual.The number of··· was No1 in Yr and rose/reduced by % to No2 The number of miles that car traveled was 3199 in 1985 and rose by 50% to 4806 in the subsequent years. growth. moderately 5.The percentage/proportion/number of is修 饰词 larger/ smaller than that of 修饰词 明显: substantially. grow 减少/下降: decrease. plunge to or 主语 +上 升 /减 少 by 4.···tend to be more/less preferred 倾向越来 越受 (不 )受欢 迎 As can be seen from the table. drastic 大幅: significant.主语 +上 升 /减 少 to··· 急促上升: jump. walk and certain short-distance transportation. drop. obviously 轻微: slightly.there is a downward/ upward/ opposite/ general/ dominant trend 下降的 /上升 的 /相 反的 /总 体的 /主要的 趋势 2. rise. slight 震荡: considerable/marked/sharp/minor fluctuation 2. decline 3.纵向比较 1.表示 不变的 状态： 主语 remain constant/unchanged/stable/steady at 表示趋势 的句型 1. 3. surge to 急促下降: plummet to. compared with the data (4. steady.Experience/witness/see/enjoy+修 饰词 (最高 级 )+增 加 /减 少 /震荡 Experience/enjoy + a significant/the most dramatic + decrease/increase 增加: increase. slow 小幅: moderate. . significant.There is a considerable increase/decrease in ··· There is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transportation. 增加/上升: increase.A修饰词 increase/decrease occurred 修饰词 大幅: considerable. soar to. substantial 减少: decrease.740 miles) in 1985. slight 6. substantial 小幅: moderate. rise 快速: dramatic. such as cycled and local bus tend to be less preferred.
women outnumber men by two to one. where A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector. = there are twice as many women as men 在这个行业，女性人数是男性的两倍 . but less sharply decreased/declined/dropped The sales of games software also rose during this period. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later. but less sharply. 表示相同 相似变 化趋势 的句式 A similar situation was seen in the···. There are some similarities between A and B Be similar to/ A has something in common with B 表示变化 特征的 词汇 表示超过 的词语 Outnumber 比···多，在数量上超过 In this profession.表示比较 增长或 减少趋 势 B also rose/increased/grew during this period.
The figure by long distance bus more than doubled during the same period (54 miles vs.表示 “ A占 总体的 多少 ”或 “ A为 B···倍 ” 或 “ A为 B的 ···分之 ···" .The number of men outnumbered women by four to one. while···doubled/trebled/quadrupled/halved which were 数字 (年 份 ) and数字 (年 份 ) respectively. Overtake (在数量或重要性方面)大于，超过 Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel. 横向比较 1. 表示连续 的时间 段 1.in the No. 我们的人数以4比1超过他们 Exceed 超过···数量 The price will not exceed $100.over a span of··· years = over the period from···to··· = in the years between···and··· 2.during the same period 3.··· 程 度 副 词 doubled/trebled 三 倍 /quadruple 四 倍 /halve 减 半 (NO. 2.). years spanning from 19xx through 19xx = from···to···within the 5 years period 4. vs NO. 124 miles).from then on 接下来 = from this time onwards = in the subsequent years. while the miles by taxi trebled which were 13 miles and 42 miles respectively.
there is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transportation.By contrast/In comparison. 同样地 ， ··· Likewise.740 miles) in 1985.···数字 (A+B).句子 .2 million were from the UK and 1. ···had a higher/lower total number of名 词 than any of the other+名词 France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list. at only US$1500 per year 3. 相反地 ， ··· By contrast. 表示比较 的句型 1. the use of other. spanning from 1985 to 2000. In comparison. 4. . 2.3.句子 . 4. unspecified. of which 1. compared with the data (4. although there exists some differences. forms of transport also increased. student expenditure in country C was considerably lower.8 million were from the USA.···had half/twice/triple·times as many 可 数 名 词 as···. but/yet the number of···and···was the same.likewise.句 子 . of which A were···and B were··· Italy received 20 million visitors. 与 ···相比较， ··· Overall. the long distance vehicle enjoyed a significant increase over the period.compared with the data (数 字 ) in年份 .
陆地占了地球表面的三分之一 Account for (数量上，比例 上 )占 日本市场占公司收入 占劳动力的大多数 The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue. while句 子 . 12 million Americans visited Canada while 5.5% of the country’s population 基督教徒占这个国家人口的 2. 0. proportion. 5. Occupy 占据 Dry lands occupy a third of the world’s surface. Constitute 构成 Constitute around 60% of the total/a larger percentage (around 20%) of Constitute the majority of the labour force.5% Comprise 构成 Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty. large – highest. share 高： High.3 million. 6.···had a higher/lower total number of … than any of the other+名词复 数 France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.句子 . largest 低： low. smallest 表示 “占 %” 的词组 正向： A constitute/occupy/account for/compose/comprise B 负向： % of B be composed of A (总体)有%的(某一元素) A占 B的 % % of名 词 be composed of (总体)有%的(某一元素) 我们的饮食中大约有15%的蛋白质 Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. . small—lowest.5 million visited Mexico. 表示 “%”的 词语 百分比： percentage. but the number of visitors to those countries from the UK and the USA was the same.Australia had half as many visitors as Thailand (3 million vs 6 million). composes (某一元素)构成总体的% Christians compose around 2.
对了，差 点忘了 ，要区 分数据 是 data 还是 percentage.的35%.这个 决定了相 对应的 词汇 如果大家 能够熟 练地掌 握我上 述的总 结和归 纳的 话， 相对 对于以 上四种 图表一 定能够 得心应手 了 Part 2 地图题 慎小嶷最 近的新 书《十 天突破 写作完 整真题 库》 里面的 DAY 1O(page 297~318) .
g. this hotel offers its guests an ideal location in central London 表示 “A与 B仅一 河之隔 /仅一 路之隔 ”:A is right across from B 表示 “A在道路 或河流 的南北 端 ” A is located/situated/lies on the north/south end of the river/the road 表示 “A在 B的对 面 ”:A is opposite B 表示 “A在 B某一 侧的边 界上 ” A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern border of B 表示 “A在 B某侧 的边缘 上 ” A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern edge of B 表示 “A朝北 /朝南 /面朝公 园等 ” A faces north/south Alongside the river/road . situated on the south side of the River Thames.表示 “A位于 ” A is located/situated/lies··· A is just off the road to··· A就在通向某地的路边上 A is right at the center of··· A就在···的正中央 表示 “A靠近或 者紧挨 着 B”:A is next to/near/close to 表示 “A在距离 B某一面 ···公里处 ” A is located/situated/lies···kilometers/miles to the east/west/north/south of B 表示 “A位于 B内 的某个 部分 ” A is located/ situated/ lies in the eastern/western/northern/southern part of B 表示 “A在 B的某 个角上 ” A lies/is located/is situated on/at the east/west/north/south/corner of B 表示 “剩下 的 ”部分： The rest of the··· 表示 “道路 通向 /河 流流向 某处 ”: The road runs from···to··· The river runs/ flows from···to··· 表示 “沿着 河流 /道 路 ”:Along with river/road 表示 “A在道路 或者河 流的某 一侧 ” A is located/situated/lies on the north/south side of the river/ the road e.
around 表示一块 地： a patch of land/ a stretch of land 表示从 A·延 伸到 ·： A extended/ stretched from···to··· The park extended from Main Street to King George Street This period stretched from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century 表示比较 ， “与 ···所不 同的是 ” Unlike A. B Compared with A. theoretically. 表示大约 ： approximately. B A···while/ whereas B··· In comparison/ in contrast/ by contrast. about. C and D 表示 A的长 度是： The length of A is···=A is···in length 表示 A的宽 度是： The width of A is···=A is···in width 表示 A的面 积是： A is···in area The farm is 50 kilometers in area The building almost doubled in floor area. hypothetically 表示但事 实上： but in reality/ however. B 表示可以 “ 使用 ”： available 表示可以 “ 容纳 ”： can accommodate 表示理论 上讲： in theory. though . realistically/ yet in practice/ but in fact/ as a matter of fact.A faces towards the north/ the south A faces a park 表示 “斜向 的方位 ”: 东北 north-east 西北 north-west 东南 south-east 西南 south-west 表示建筑 物的布 局： Layout 指一个建 筑物周 边的环 境： The surroundings of a building 表示 “A占据了 某个空 间 ”： A occupies 表示 A由几 个不同 的部分 组成： A consists of/ is composed of/ is made up of B. roughly.
表示在某 处建造 了 A： A was built in=was constructed in=was established in 表示在某 处又增 建了 A： A was added to=an addition was made to···.which was A 表示改动 原建筑 或原场 地： v. change/ modify/ remodel n. 考官是怎么改卷子的？ 知己知彼，百战百胜，所以“考官是怎么改卷子的，他以什么为标准的评分”的尤为重要。经 过朋友的介绍，我认识了Steward，他是一位资深的写作老师和改卷老师，在悉尼大学语言 中心工作(那些在悉尼的朋友，如果想找他的话，请给我留言，我有他的联系方式)。我上了 他两小时的课，他帮我改了12篇大作文和2篇小作文。我觉得这短短的两小时，远远比上什 么新东方新航道环球雅思什么保7班精品班重要得多得多。after all，很 多中国 雅思 老师 . change/modification/remodeling 表示 A被改 造成了 B： A was turned into/ was transformed into/ was converted into B 表示 A被搬 走或拆 掉： A was removed/ demolished/ taken down from··· 表示 A被 B取 代了： A was replaced by B/ A made way for B 表示 A的面 积缩小 ： the size of A was reduced to only half of/ one third of the original size 表示 A的面 积扩大 :A was expanded to twice its size=the size of A almost doubled 表示 A向 XX方向 延伸： expand/extend northward/southward/eastward/westward 表示 A经历 了： A experienced/ witnessed/saw 起初： at first=initially=in the beginning=originally 接 着 ： then=next=after period=afterward 在这个阶 段： at this point=in this phase=in this stage 最终： finally=eventually=in the end that=in the following stage=in the next/subsequent Part 3 流程图 对于流程图，本人从来没有准备过。我觉得没必要捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。毕竟它出 现的频率很低，而且几乎很难准备。有见及此，对于那些在考试当中遇到流程图 的烤鸭们，我只能说：“不要慌，不要怕，前面就是天堂，一路走好！ ！” TASK 2 大作文 Part 1.
还是处于 意淫阶 段。 看着他改了12篇文章，发现他改作文的模式非常非常的mechanical，他说考官一般会在1小 时内改六份作文（including task 1 and task2） ，那就是说平均5分钟改一篇。在这五分钟里， 他 就 死 死 地 盯 着 评 分 规 则 ， 从 task response. 雅思写作 7分是什么样的概念 以下是雅思写作的 7分标准 (a). lexical resources. coherence and cohesion. but there may be a tendency to over-generalize and/or supporting ideas may lack focus. grammatical range and accuracy 这四个方 面评分 。而 且让我 无比深 刻 的是：雅 思是一 门语言 能力考 试，它 侧重于 测试 学生的语 言表达 能力，而不是 思维能 力。记住 ：核心 词是语 言表达 ！ ！ Part 2. 用中文最简单的理解是：首 尾 都 要 回 答问 题 ，允 许 泛泛 而 谈 。这就是说，我们没必要花 太多的精力去考虑观点是否绝对严谨是否意义深刻， 关键是要告诉考官你的思考逻辑。 这就 是剑桥雅思的魅力，它要考你的不是你的思维能力，而是你的语言表达能力。哪怕在 ridiculous的观点，只要你能用最恰当的语言去表达，你也可以同样得7分（当然，如果你的 目标是8分，你就当我痴人说话吧） 。还有就是说，很多题目本身包含很广泛的概念，很多大 学教授用十几万字都解释不清的关系，怎么就能让我们这些门外汉用三言两语就解释好呢。 说了这么多，我想说的是，如 果 你 从 一 开 始 就 习 惯 背 诵 满 分 作 文 ， 习 惯 复 制 别 人 的 观 点，这样的 复习方 法会很 吃力（我 不敢说 是错的 ，那是确实 低效，甚 至有赌 博成分 ） ， 事倍功半 。毕竟 我们都 是正常 人，我 们都有 自己 的思考能 力和理 解能力 ，我们 说的每 一个观点 都是 make sense， 不 make sense的是 我们没把 那个观 点说清 楚。 (b). task response: • • • addresses all parts of the task presents a clear position throughout the response Presents. extend and supports main ideas. there is clear progression throughout lies a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some presents a clear topic within each paragraph under-or over use 用中文最简单的意思是：分 段分 点， 每 点之 前必 须 有连 接词 。 这一点非常非常容易达到 （我总结了大量这样的词汇，明天或者后天上传上来） 。然后那个考官最为推介的范式（以 . coherence and cohesion • • • logically organizes information and ideas.
Grammatical range and accuracy • • • uses a variety of complex structures produces frequent error-free sentences has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few mistake 用中文最简单的意思是：句子 结构多 样性和 允许语 法错误的 存在。对于句子结构多样性， 这一点，我觉得我们中国学生肯定没问题的，什 么定 语从句 ，什 么名词 性从 句，什 么状 语从句 ，倒 装句， 虚拟 语态， 被动 语态 等，我们只会过犹不及。从我的个人经验来看， 我有时候会把定语从句和同位语从句搞乱 （并不是我们不知道有什么不同， 而是一紧张就很 容易忽视了） 。说到语法错误，我可以说，我们中国学生最最最常犯的语法错误都是非常低 级（请参考part. spelling and/or word formation 用中文最简单的意思是：足 够就好 ，不需 要多 ；一 两个大词 就够，不需要 滥。一说到单 词，相信我们并不陌生，甚至认为学英语就是背单词，写作就是单词的选美与堆砌。尽管我 们都知道这是不对的，但是依旧默默地坚持着，比如说背诵一大堆同义词代换，一大堆除了 莎士比亚见过之外其他人都没见过的大词。 这样的复习会很累而且会逐渐把雅思写作从逻辑 表述变成词汇大杂烩。至于何谓是足够的单词，何谓是less common lexical items，这就是 问题6的范畴了。经过我写了大概30篇雅思作文，我觉得我们需要的词汇其实真的不多（我 的词汇表一定会upload上来，估计在明天或者后天） 。我想说的是，记单 词最好 的方法 是， 把单词放 到句型 或者例 句上面 来，然 后句型 或者 例句一定 要与雅 思写作 topic 相关 。 如果不相 关，证 明那个 词就算 记住了 ，也不 会用 。 (d).argumentation的题目为例，因为report类的文章更死板了） ：开 头段 +主体 段（让 步一段 ， 支持 （ 反对 ）两 段 ） +结 尾 段 。其实说白了，就是我们最熟悉不过的模版。 也就是说， 模版是非 常有用 的，之 所以变 成没用 （ serve no helpful purpose ）是因 为用模 范的 那个人没 有用（想起粤语里面的一句歇后语，叫“太监撒尿”） 。至于怎么用模版才能变得不 落于俗套，下文回答问题7的时候会有详细分析。 (c). 雅思写作 7分所需要的词汇 (a).只 要 掌 握 了 这 些 连 词 ， 就 能 符 合 到 coherence and cohesion 7分 以上的 要求 .4内容） 。 Part 3. 雅 思 写 作 必 备 连 词 -. lexical resource • • • uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation may produce occasional erros in word choice.
again. immediately. • To show results Accordingly. at last. equally important. in the first place. • To signal time After. last. summing up. primarily. afterwards. in substantiation. whenever. more importantly. while . another. to list. contrarily. currently. furthermore. the evidence for···is. next. then. as a final point. including. to affirm this. at the same time. last but not least. in summary. to further verify. following. this time. additionally. meanwhile. to substantiate this. actually. sometimes. concurrently. in other words. before. rarely. summary. resulting from this. finally. finally. to . thus. that being the case. then. further. besides this. to conclude. as I have noted. overall. as was previously stated. the reasons for···are. so it can be seen that. to attest to this. until then. in summation. subsequently. to explain. originally. briefly. moreover. in that case. therefore this implies. at first. also. as indicated earlier. it follows that. as previously stated. so. as a result. simultaneously. it is evident that. as we have seen. this suggests that. this is clear because. in short. later. in addition. owing to. correspondingly. to sum up. hence. too. finally. in a like manner. as well as. next. in other words. • To introduce evidence/support/reasons Contradictory to this. thus we can see that. consequently.以下为英 语写作 ( 雅思写 作，学 术论文 等 )必备 的 连词汇总 。以 下的内 容参考 了悉尼 大 学本科学 生 orientation handbook里面关 于如何 preparing for essays的总 结，再 加 上本人的 积累。有些连 词与下 面的句 型汇总 重合 ，请以句 型汇总 为重点 。对于 应该雅 思写作和 大学学 术论文 绝对绰 绰有余 ，希望 能帮 助大家。 为了更好 地分享 我的经 验，我 将以下 的词语 划分 成三组 • • • 用 下 划 线 highlight的 是 适 用 那 些 总 感 觉 雅 思 写 作 写 不 长 、 写 不 满 250字 、 需 用粗体 highlight的 是适用于 那些每 次都写 得太长 、写爆格 ，务实 的同学 用斜体 highlight的 是适用于 那些有 强烈大 词欲， 渴望用大 词整死 考官的 同学 要灌水的 同学 • To signal sequence or addition Accordingly. by and large. presently. at the same time. consequently. for this reason. as a result. once. therefore. in the meantime. on the whole. in conclusion. thus. under these circumstances. at length. as mentioned. this is supported by. hence. likewise. as long as. during. until. all in all. all together. similarly. to begin with. consistent with this. afterward. in support of this. since. • To signal repetition. in the future. given these facts. to recapitulate. initially. or conclusion Accordingly. otherwise. to further confirm. in the same way. to corroborate. it follows. what is more. and. overall. in brief.
contrastingly. dissimilarly. alternately. • To signal concession Admittedly. conversely. another similar issue is. under certain. regardless of. in the event of. After all. on the condition that. whereas. paradoxically. • To reference Concerning this. in similar fashion. be that as it may. it may appear that. in order to. for example . providing that. at any rate. then. to demonstrate. when in fact. that is. in like manner. • To signify a condition Granting that. rather than. since. in spite of this. while it may seem that. for the purpose. to the end that. with this end. for that reason. in view of. by the same token. because. nonetheless. in other words. in the same way. although it is true that certainly. instead. bu. in particular. whatever happens. in any event. with this in mind. given this context. yet. to clarify. knowing this. still. with this All the same. similarly. of course. to elaborate. and yet. however. due to . either way. so long as • To prove examples As an illustration. naturally. with regards to . in support of this. to explain. thus. in fact. hence. in comparison. after all. nevertheless. this is only the case when. that is. though. although . by way of example. for all that. with respect to. despite. • objective • To dismiss To show purpose In order to. on the other hand. • To contrast. likewise . indeed. notably. particularly. to illustrate. • To introduce causes or effects Accordingly. to exemplify. in as much as. that is to say. equally. on the contrary. even so. to elaborate. on account of. from this perspective. meanwhile. on the one hand. to paraphrase. inconsistent with this is that.repeat. specifically. in this case. in reality. circumstances. for instance. albeit. from this point of view. granted. as a result. considering this. that is. while this is true. this means that. analogous to. therefore. in contrast. in particular. in the hope that. at the same time. even though. at the same time. • To compare Also. up to a point. to highlight. in opposition to this. in contrast to this. consequently. in either case . notwithstanding. in that. owing. put another way. otherwise. this is particularly true when. • To clarify In other words. specifically. in this context. for as much as. to review. to put it another way. to narrow the focus.
give rise to.集中 ： v. particularly. bring about. solve 6. focus on. combat. accentuate. lead to. bring/call attention to. (b). chiefly. primarily. generate.强调： v. truly. create. in any case. that. importantly.解决 ： v.• To emphasise Above all.从事 ： v. Be a contributing factor to 2.导致 ： v. notably. cause. claim.认为 ： v. strengthen 4. 雅 思 写 作 必 备 同 义 词 代 换 --只 要 掌 握 了 这 些 连 词 ， 就 能 游 刃有余地驾驭我们想要表达的 观点， 满足 lexical resource 7分 要求 对于雅思写作，总有那么一个问题绕不开，那就是我 们究 竟需 要 积累 多 少个 单词 才 能写 出一篇能 够完整 表达我 们观点 的文章 。 有的老师说最起码要有6级的词汇量， 有的老师(慎 小嶷)说熟记286个单词就足够~~根据本人的经验，我觉得在 一开始 备考的 时候，完全没 有必要去 考虑我 们究竟 需要多 少个单 词，因为在 没有练笔 就开始 记单词 的情况 ，我 们 的思路往 往受我 们所记 过的单 词的影 响。在这样 的惯性下 ，我 们很可 能很生 硬地套 用 单词，而不 是自然 而然地 抒发观 点。我觉得只有在自己平时充分练笔(我自己大概写了30 多篇雅思作文)的前提下，我们才知道我们自己究竟需要什么样的单词和词组，需要多少的 同义词代换~~我的经 验是：不 要让单 词成为 自己 的负担，最好 是边写 边积累，毕竟我 们不 是考 GRE。哪 怕是 GRE词 汇 的巨 人也 可 能成 为雅 思写 作 的侏 儒 ~~关 键是 用 词准 确到位， 清晰表 达观点 以下是经过我 30 篇雅思写作练笔之后总结出来的 75 组必备的同义词代换，如 果 能 熟 练 掌 握，必 定能让 你们在 驾驭 和阐述 观点 的时候 变得 游刃有 余 ~~其实不 单单 是为了 雅思 写 作 ， 出 国 留 学 不 能 避 免 的 就 是 每 个 学 期 排 山 倒 海 的 individual assignments 和 group works，相 信以下 的词汇 对大家 是有帮 助 的。 中性动词 1. specifically. argue. undoubtedly. consider 3. address. indeed. mostly. as a matter of fact. concentrate on 5. resolve. perform . conduct. it must be emphasised. think. assert. carry out. point out. tackle. in particular. especially. obviously. mainly. emphasize. of course. heighten. certainly.
spark off 15. achieve. start 12. performance 10. advance. upgrade. commence. put into effect.执行 ： v. start n. enhance. develop. prompt.开始： v.产生 ： v. develop. encourage. stimulate. evolve. implementation.发展 ： v. allow.唤起： v. begin.获得 ： v. advocate. get. come into being/existence. gain. advance. gain. advancement 13. promote. growth. grow. flourish n. advancement. arouse. motivation 14. rise. accept. require . broaden n. obtain. concede. widen. augment. improve. increase. motivate n. execute. grow. accomplish.需要： v. further. encourage. intensify n. increase.增加 ： v.改善 ： v. come about 8. 促进 ： v. attain n. perform n. acquire. augment. demand. incentive.实现： v. enlargement 3. fulfill.支持 ： v.提高 ： v. attain 9. act as stimulus. agree with 2. flourishing 7. attainment 11. foster n. development. increase. expansion. promotion. enlarge n. boost n. support. boom 4. enlarge. encouragement. acknowledge. cause. develop. call for. extend. accomplishment.承认 ： v. implement.鼓励： v. rise. expand. grant 正向动词 1. enhancement.扩张 ： v. commencement. growth. beginning.7. admit. extension 5. enlargement. trigger. increase. induce. development 6. improvement. achievement. stimulate.
反对 ： v. reduce. replacement. 建立 ： v. obstruction. exhaust. shield n. lessening. restriction 6. safeguard. decline 3. obstacle. accelerate. mitigate n. oppose 2. limit. substitute for n. rot n. hamper. defence. object. lessen. 阻碍： v. safeguard. curb. alleviation. using up. deteriorate. reduce. decrease. jeopardize.减少 ： v. abatement. mitigation 19. Acceleration. give the means to. take the place of. set up. follow. 危及： v. obstruct. quicken n. found. deterioration. substitution for. exhaustion. use up n. hinder. speeding up 18. establishment. hindrance. put at risk 7. 允许 ： v. protect. replace. protection.16. permit. preserve. 衰败： v. place a limit on n. decrease. 减轻 ： v. restrict. facilitate 负向动词 1. drop. construction 22. reduction. preservation. cut down n. endanger. raise objections. impede. 保护 ： v. abate. 遵守 ( 规则， 法 律 )： abide by. construct n. degenerate. inhibit n. deplete.保卫： v. degrade. impediment 5. 耗尽： v. act in accordance with 23. depletion. establish. degeneration . speed up. in place of 17. foundation. limit. 4. 取代 ： v. alleviate. conserve n. lower. shelter 21.限制 ： v. defend. imperil. comply with. conservation 20. 加快 ： v. allow. respect.
exacerbate. pollution. become/get estranged from n. destroy. 逃避 ： v. devastating. debase 13. invalidate 15.误解： v. misinterpret n. corrupt. aggravation 10. aggravation. intensify. break out. aggravate n. contravention. intervene in. suffer from.扭曲： v. 加剧： v. lose sight of. exacerbation. deprave.削弱： v.疏远： v. ignore.违反： v. alienation. sharpen.遭受： v. misunderstand.8. disobey. damage. weaken. breach 22. misapprehend. intensification. 与 ···相 违背 /相矛盾 ： run counter to = run contrary to Contradict (each other)= conflict with = be at odds with sth 18. encroachment on/upon = impinging on/upon 17. 败坏 ： v. misunderstanding. encroach on/upon (time/rights/personal life) n. contaminate n. pollute. 恶化： v. inflame n. misreport 14.破坏： v. 污染 ： v. misapprehension. impair. transgress. distort. infringe n. aggravate. undermine. isolation. isolate. alienate. escape. interference/intervention/involvement in/with 16. escalate. destruction. devastation adj. lead astray. worsening 9. elude 20. misinterpretation 19. violate. 忽视 ： v. 侵犯 ： v. 干涉 ： v. be stricken with. falsify. contamination 12. evade. interfere in/with. pervert. impinge on/upon(侵犯 ) n. neglect 23. estrangement 其他重要的同义词代换 . devastate n. misrepresent. misstate. ruin. pervert. be afflicted with 21. violation. damage. destructive 11. escalation. ruin. worsen. infringement.
severe. wealthy. 健康 的： healthy. 积极的： beneficial. repercussion. considerable 2. 当代 ： in current society. humankind.1. wholesome. drastically 4. 影响 ： impact. severely. seriously.严重 的： adj. destitute. rich. obvious. effect. 有营 养的： nutritious. substantial. crucial. acutely. humanity 13. important 3. apparent 11. harmful 5. hazardous. robust 16. drastic adv. disparity. evident. nourishing. 差距： n. affluent 7. serious. vigorous. poverty-stricken. 贫穷的： adj. 人类 ： the human race. in contemporary society 14.消极 的： baneful. acute. human being. tremendous. 有害的： adj. massive. poor. ramification 12. 明显 的： manifest. old-fashioned 15. detrimental 10. advantageous 9. conventional. impoverished 6. 传统 的： traditional. in this day and age. healthy 常用的正向形容词 Adequate/ basic/ broad/ general/ sufficient 充分的 / 基本 的 / 宽泛的 / 大概的 / 足够的 Penetrating/ profound/ revealing/ remarkable/ proper/ thorough 入木三分 的 / 深刻的 / 发人心省 的 / 出色的 / 正确的 / 彻底的 Original/ unique/ fresh/ rare/ clear/ fascinating/ interesting 独到的 / 独特 的 / 新鲜的 / 少有的 / 清楚 的 / 生 动的 / 有趣的 Significant/ substantial/ considerable 常用的负向形容词 . divergence 8.重要 的： significant. dangerous. 富有的： adj.大量 的： enormous. gap. in present-day society.
Unethical/ immoral/ unscrupulous/ unprincipled 不道德的 Antisocial/ unacceptable/ undesirable 反社会 的 / 不能接受 的 / 令人不 快的 Aggressive/ criminal/ disruptive/ violent 挑 衅的 / 犯罪的 / 扰乱的 / 暴力 的 Notorious/ appalling/ vicious/ bloody 臭名 昭著的 / 令人 震惊的 / 令人发指 的 / 血腥的 (c). 雅 思写作低级语法错误 (1) 冠词 a. an.another few books • other通常修饰复数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 ，如Henry Smith is taller than any . the的 乱用，少 用，多 用 。 （对于这个问题，考官说了，this mistake is insignificant and it takes time for people to avoid it） 。结合自身经验，就算我自己 真的看了语法书，我们也同样会继续犯错，但这个错误不影响我们拿7分（当然也不能每句 话都错一两次） (2) 名词单复 数。这个问题很普遍，特别要搞清楚哪些名词 是可数 的，哪 些名词 是不可 数的， 哪些名 词是 既可数 又不 可数（ 可数 与不可 数表达 不一样 的意 思） ，哪 些名词 是 单复 数 同形 ，以 及 哪些 词 可以 修 饰可 数 ，哪 些只 能修 饰 不可 数。 这就需要积累。特别 是平时写作的时候，刻意留意这个问题，在有疑问的单词打圈，然后写完之后马上查词典。 以下是从网络上找来的，很管用的总结。 • • • 单数名词 不能单 独存在 ，一般前面应该有限定词修饰。 不定冠词a/an永远只能修饰单数可数名词。 every和each永远只能修饰单数可数名词。但every+数词+复数名词是正确的，如： every ten years • 序数词后面一般使用单数可数名词。 • anther永远只修饰单数可数名词。但another+数词/few+复数名词是正确的，如： another eight years. 雅思写作必备写作 单词 --这一 项是最虚最模糊的一项。不 同的人因为有不同的观点，因而需 要 不同的独特单词。 (如果 时 间紧迫的同学，请先参考 慎小嶷的《 十天突破雅思写作》 ，我的 单词汇总仍在整理当中，不便 之处， 敬请原谅 ) Part 4. 雅思写作常见的语法错误 (a).
雅思写作的误区 (a). 在使 用倒装 句时， 请注意 助动词 提前。 如果 不熟练， 那就请 你不要 用了。 Part 5. 雅 思考官是不太在乎你 是用一 面倒还是 ”先让步再支持 “ 记得在悉尼海外东方学院的J老师说过，现在“一面倒”已经很难甚至不能拿7分了。我问了一 下考官，他给我的答复非常的straightforward，无论 让步还是 一面倒 ，都是 可以拿 7分 ， 关键是 reasonably explain and extend your idea. (b). “extend” or “example” 你或我总会那么一个时候， 想到了一个观点但是不知道怎么论证， 或者不知从哪一个点开始 论证。其实很简单，要 么你 就 说为 什 么这 个 观点 会 产生 ， 要么 你就 说 这一 观 点所 产生 的影响 （积极 或消 极） ，要 么就举 例子 说明观 点的 存在性 。无非 就是 这么三 种思 考方 向。假 如一篇 文章你 有 4个观 点，只要上 述三项 各 用一两次 ，文 章看起 来更加 有可信 度，句型 就自然 而然变 得有多 样性的 。 . 定语 从句与 状语从 句的混 淆（例 如 where. when等 引导的 从句需 要特别 注意， 要清楚其 在句子 中的成 分） (4). 雅思写作如何展开论证 记 住 三 个 英 文 单 词 “explain”.这就是说慎小嶷《十天》里面 最喜欢的开头了，“介绍背景+分析双方观点+表明自己态度”；也就是说用模版。 Part 6.(3). 雅 思 写 作 中 只 要 是 问 opinion 的 题 目 ( 包 括 ”discuss both views and give your own opinion“和 ”to what extent do you agree or disagree")，开头 和结尾都 要表明观点 记得还是悉尼海外东方学院，还是那个“名师”J，他说在写”discuss both view and give your opinion”和” to what extent do you agree and disagree”的开头是不要一样的。前者不用一 开始就表明你自己的 opinion ，后者才需要。但是雅思考官给我的回答是： “you should preview the question and give you opinion immediate so that the examiners can easily understand what you are going to argue”.
g.5分。并不是我在吹牛， 我只是想说，学会用以下句型，既可以保证你有稳定的发挥，又可以有效的避免语法错误， 而且还能把大词很自然而然地就写出来了，一点都不造作。 还有，我想说的是，这里没有所谓的 7分句型或者什么6分句型。我觉得这样划分只会导致 我们盲目地背诵高分句型而忽略它实际的用法和语境。什么是高手？高 手就是 用最简 单方 式表达最 准确的 意思 。你们可以根据自己的喜好和习惯，自己选择。还有，再好的句型， 如果不能很随心所欲地从自己笔下写出来， 那只能证明那个句型还不是属于自己。 这就需要 平时刻意的运用，每写完一篇之后再回过头来看看，有哪些更恰当的句型没有用上。经过多 次的trial and error，这些句型就会变成你以后show off的资本了。 我怎么变得这么啰嗦啊，说了这么多还没有上货。对了，还有一点，对于以下所有句型和单 词，我 都查过 牛津高 阶词典 和柯林 斯大词 典，语 境和用法 基本是 正确。很 多都配 上例 子，如果 发现有 错的， 希望大 家提个 醒，我 会马 上纠正。 如果觉得要记上这 160+的句型很 吃 力的话，或者觉得下周就 要 考 试 了 ， 来 不 及 熟悉 用 法 的 话， 我 用红 色 highlight了我 最 最 最 常用的，最最最喜欢的而且最 最最万 金油的句型 (a). The issue of whether the practice of requiring students to wear school uniforms will .！ ！ ！重点推介 ···雅思写作必备句型！ ！ ！ 说到这， 我就分享一下怎么才能让模版看起来不像模版。 最立竿见影的方法是总结和归类句 型。经过我三个月的复习和总结，我发现雅思作文无非就是以下几种关系：开头句 型，插 入语和连 词，中立关 系，积极关 系，消极关 系，因果关系 ，建 议关系 和结尾 句型 。我 总结超过160个句型，而且我所有文体（report类，argumentation类，综合类） ，几乎所有 领域（教育类，社会类，发展类，环保类，犯罪类，科技类等）都写过了，而且所写的文章 经过考官批改都是至少7分，有几篇 8分。我这就是归功于我平时积累的这些句型。而且在 上次2月26日的考试（题目应该算是比较难的，小作文地图题+社会类粮食方面的大作文） 中，我用了36分钟去写地图题，只剩下24分钟写大作文，我当时都很害怕，害怕写不完。 但是我总结的句型帮了我一大忙。我用了20分就写完了，最后得了7. 开头句型 适合 discussion 问题的 开头 The issue/ discussion/ topic/ problem/ subject about/ of (whether从句 or how +不定 式 ) is of great interest/ concern/ importance/ significance to/ for··· has triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of··· • The issue of···is of great interest to··· e.
.g. this is simply untrue in our day-to-day experiences • Although it is generally acknowledged that···. this is actually not the case. Although it is commonly believed that conventional views about a healthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer relevant to young people ’s needs today.g. the reality of the situation is often far more complicated than that. this is actually not the case e. this can hardly be held true in many real-life situations.g. • Although it is widely accepted that···. • The topic of···is of great concern for··· e.g.affect their personality and individuality is of great interest to many people. The subject of how to resolve the problems caused by the rapid development of technology nowadays is of great importance to many scientists. • • • The question of···is a matter of much contention among The problem···has been widely debated in the world of··· The inquiry into··has triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of··· e. The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has triggered an intense controversy in the realm of science 对于人类克隆研究与实验的道德性所作的研究已经引起了科学界的激烈争议 适合 agree/disagree问题的 开头 • Although it is commonly believed that···. • The subject of···is of great importance to··· e. • Although conventional wisdom has it that···.g. • The discussion about···is of great significance to··· e. The topic of whether it is appropriate and effective to use corporal punishment on young children is of great concern for many people. The discussion about the most effective way to provide financial and technological supports to third-world countries is of great significance to both industrialized and developing countries.
this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up. where industrial technologies are being employed and new varieties of crops are being created.g.g. • • Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of··· Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in··· e. Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural development. There has been a widespread phenomenon that students from rural areas find it increasingly difficult to have access to college or university education. this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded. Although the received opinion is that schoolchildren generally benefit from watching television and using other high-tech media in their learning process.g. • Although most individuals are convinced that···. this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded. the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture. Although most individuals are convinced that their happiness is closely linked with the level of their financial success. and we need further .g. 虽然大多数人坚 信 ···，但 这却是 一种我 们 必须揭穿 的普遍 错误观 点 e. Although many people subscribe to the belief that providing public library facilities and services is a waster of taxpayer’s money. this is a really complicated matter. yet. • Although many people subscribe to the belief that···.虽然传统大 众观念 认为 ···， 但是现 状却远 比这种观 念要复 杂得多 • Although the received opinion is that···.g. opponents of this development have raised a number of difficult questions. this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up 虽然 许多人 认同这 样的观 点：···，但 是事实 上这却是 一种我 们需要 澄清的 普遍 错误观念 e. From my point of view. the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture 虽然大众普遍接 受的观 点是 ···，但 是 无情的现 实往往 显现出 不同的 图景 e. 表示趋势 的句型 There has been a growing trend that··· an interesting tendency that/of··· a common practice of/that··· a widespread phenomenon that··· e.
(b).investigations to understand the whole picture. 中立关系 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • It is worth mentioning that··· It is by no means certain that··· It is far too soon that··· It is undeniable that··· It is unavoidable that It is not uncommon that··· 值得一提的是 完全不能 确定 的是 为时过早 的是 不足为奇的是 不可否认的是 不可回避 的是 明显的 是 逐渐被某 人认识到 首要的 是 普遍认为 It is obvious/ evident/ manifest that It is gradually borne in on sb that It is of great interest that··· It is of great urgency that··· 广为兴趣 的是 刻不容缓的 是 It is of paramount importance that··· It is +副词 + suggested/argued/advised/believed that It is widely accepted that It is generally/commonly believed that It is universally acknowledged that 普遍 相信的是 众所周知 的是 强烈 It is strongly/commonly suggested recommended/ advised that It is sometimes argued that 有时候争论 的是 建议的是 There is/was little/no substance that ···几 乎毫 无 /没有 根据 It is no without substance that ···并非 没有根 据 表达观点 的句式 • • Advocates of······的 支持者 Opponents of······的反 对者 Point out/ argue/ claim声 称 /believe / assert断 言 / declare 宣 称 / conceive设想 that • 表示趋势 的句型 There has been a growing trend that··· an interesting tendency that/of··· a common practice of/that··· a widespread phenomenon that··· Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of witnessed a major .
Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起 ···作用 Play a role in sth • 扮演 ···角色 现在是并且将 来也 会继续 ··· e. the privately insured are entitled to special benfits such as having the choice pf their own doctors.g. Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.transformation in • 表示 “强调 某种状 态在特 定明显 或不明 显 ”的句型 This is especially true if/when we consider the fact that/when it comes to/in terms of 当我们考虑 ··的 时候， 这一点 尤为正 确 It is not even always true that··· • Incline to = tend to • Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to 获得 /得 到直接 /自由 /容易 /方便 /不受限 制 /受限 制 /平等 /接近的 机会 e. Education has been and will continue to be central to the country’s economic 正 面 :Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/ stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative 相当大的 /巨大的 /起支配作用的/深远的 /有利的/稳定的 /广泛的 /实际的 /( 对成长或 发展) 重大作用 . Men and wowen should have equal access to education and employment.g. • Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(负面的 ) = evoke 引 起，造成 e. • Have and will continue to performance in the 21st century.g.g. • Be accompanied by ···并不是总是正 确的 倾向于 B伴随 A • Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorised to 使享有权利，使符合 资格 e. and being able to avoide long waiting lists for hospital beds.
• Be an underlying factor in··· e.• 负面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive) 不利的/腐蚀的/破坏的 Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有 内在的优 点 /缺 点 e. • .g. exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages. Children should not always rely on parent’s help. • A is a key determinant of B A是 B的决定 因素 e. In an individual ’s career. 是 ···潜在 /隐 含力 量 Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapers • Rely (almost exclusively) on = depend on (几乎全 )依 靠 e. tenacity is a key determinant of success.g.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians. people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and vegetable from the tropical zone. In terms of environmental protection. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight.g. • Be in a position to do 有条件去做 e. the advancement of technology turns out be conducive to the mankinds. • Be considered as = be think of as = be acknowledged as = be regarded as被 认 为是 • Be served/used as a brenchmark • It turned out that = turn out to be 证明是 E.g.g.g. • Be a double-edged sword ···是一把双刃剑 • Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth • Turn on = hinge on 装备 ，使有能 力，向 ···提 供 取决于 e.
g.g. • 面临着 be confronted with/in the face of fierce/stiff/intense competition Deserve/require (careful/full/serious/sufficient/ special) consideration 需要仔细 /全面 /认真 /足够 /特别考 虑 Take sth into consideration/account • A and B are not mutually exclusive 考虑到 ， 顾 及 两者并 不互相排 斥 e. Students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be.g.Be confronted with···= In the face of ··· e. • Be no exception to··· 也不例 外 e.g. as the case may be.宾语 根据具体 情况而 定，视 情况而 定 e. There is no exception to this rule in modern or in accent times. • Does not necessarily mean • ···be now a commonplace··· • A and B alike 并不必然意味 着 司空见惯的 事 两者都，同样地 • Reach saturation point 到达饱和程 度 • End up + doing/ adj/ in sth 以 ···告终 (c). This two options are not mutually exclusive.句 子 or 主语 +谓语 . 插入语和衔接词 In essence • In terms of 本质上 就 ···而言 • As the case may be. .
It is by no means certain that genetrically modified food will benefit humans in the future. 转基因食品能否在未来有益于人类仍是不确定的 Be by no means a perfect way 绝非完善 的方 法 e. and press on when others fade. though not prevalent. Such cases. In my opinion. This is by no means a perfect way to solve the problem. Be by no means separated from 绝不应该脱 离 e. Theory should by no means be separated from practice. From my perspective. 往往就是这些时刻将成功者与其他人区分开来——因为成功者从不绝望， 会在他人放弃时选 择坚持下去。 表示 “依我 而言 ”的词 组 From my point of view. More often than not it is these moments that separate the victors from the rest – because they never despair . are by no means isolated. The occurrence of such things is by no means fortuitous/ coincidental Be by no means isolated 绝非孤立 /个 别 e. Poverty and deprivation are by no means confined to the north of the country.句子 . To my mind.g. Be by no means fortuitous/coincidential 绝非偶然 e.g. .g. To my way of thinking 关于 By no means的 应用 Be by no means an exclusive/a unique way Be by no means confined to··· 绝不局限于 绝不是唯 一的方 法 e.g.g. 理论绝对不应该脱离实际 Be by no means certain 仍未确 定的 e.• More often than not.g.g. 通常，往往 e.
表示例证 的句型 ···is a good case in point = one example will suffice to illustrate this point = a telling(有说 服力的 ) /notorious (臭 名昭著 的 ) example is ··· = ···is a representative of ··· 表示大量 的词组 A+形容 词 + number of+可 数名词 +谓 语动词 复 数 A+ 形 容 词 +amount of+ 不 可 数 名 词 + 谓 语 动 词 单 数 (time/money/information/help/data) 大量的 : Massive/considerable/enormous/ tremendous 不成比例 的 :disproportionate 小量的 :Limited/moderate/small A wide range of = a vast/impressive array of = a wealth of = a host of = a variety of 表示 “一系 列 ”的词组 A series of = a chain of = a sequence of 表示 “等等 ”的 词组 and so forth= and so on = and the like 表示程度 的短语 in full measure 最大程度地 ，最大 限度地 在很大 /某种 /很 大 /同 样程度 上 in no small/ some/ large/ equal measure To some/a certain extent To a lesser extent 其次 在某种 /一定程 度上 表示 “关于 ，谈及 到，就 ···而 言 ”的词 组 When it comes to .
With respect to In regard to In relation to 表示某个 时间段 的词组 In the midst of Amid +名 词词组 正值 ···时候 在 ···当中 在 ···浪潮中 Under the wave of +名 词 表示伴随 状态的 词组 With the rapid development of··· 随着 ···快速发展 With the advent of··· 随着 ···时代 的来临 With the proliferation of··· 随着 ···扩散 随着 ···扩张 With the huge expansion of··· 表示 “不管 ”的 词组 Regardless of = irrespective of 表示 “考虑 到，鉴 于 ”的词组 In the light of = in view of 表示 “更不 用说 ”的词 组 not to mention + sth = let alone 表示 “(对社会 规则的 ) 遵从， 遵守 ”的词 组 In conformity with = in compliance with = in accordance with 表示 “除了 之外 ”的词 组 Apart from···= Other than··· .
g. instill an idea/confidence deeply into sb 灌输某人 ··· .g. • Provide/give sb deep/penetrating/revealing/ fascinating insights into sth 给予某人 深刻的 /有启 发性的 /发人心 省的 /生动的 见识 e. Local people or government have better knowledge with the operation of charity organization in terms of the oversee of donations. 更了解 ··· e.g.表示 “连锁 反应 ”的词 组 Domino effect Knock-on effect 多米洛 骨牌效 应 连锁反应 (d). thus ascertaining the transparency of fund arrangement and avoiding misappropriation of the public fund.g. The old buidling in cities can give people especially teenagers fascinating insights into the change of history. • Become/be proficient/skillful in/at sth/ in doing 精通，熟练 e. • Instill sth in/into sb = inculcate sth in/into sb e.g. student should become proficient in using several languages. 积极关系 Be made (readily/ freely/ publicly/ generally) available for/to sb 可以容易 /免费 /让公众 /普遍 得到 e. acquire/advance/broaden/deepen one’s understanding of sth 识 = gain/get/obtain insights into • Have better acquaintance with 获得 /增 进 ···见 Free medical care must be made available for those too poor to do so. Have better acquaintance with the local needs than those in other countries so that it utilise the social resources more efficiently = have better knowledge with e.g.
g. Even though most citizens are conscious that recycling garbage can fully utilise natural resources in the best interest of the whole society. they are the major beneficiaries from doing their tasks at home in this age of the computer technology Be conducive/ helpful/ beneficial/instrumental to··· = be advantageous to = be of advantge to = to the advantage of e. car have become an indispennsable part of our lives. 善用 /利 用机 . Schools should equip students with practicial skills so that they are competent to find a job under current fierce competition. People should put the media to good account.g.inculcate a sense of responsibility in sb = impart sth to sb 传授 ···给某人 • Be capable of sth/doing sth有能 力的， 足以胜 任的 = be competent to do sth = Be more than capable of ···完 成有能 力 e. People have been fully aware of the urgency of environmental protection. • Make use of = turn sth to good account = take advantage of sth 会 e.g.g.对 ···起 作用 给予足够的 /更大 的自主 权 e.g.g. In respective of individuals. students should be given sufficient autonomy in deciding the courses they take as the case may be Be in the best interest of··· 符合 ···利益 e. An environment conducvie to learning • Be given sufficient/greater autonomy in doing··· 有利于 .g.g. Be the major beneficiaries from = largely benefit from··· 成为最主 要的受 益人 e. Be well/fully aware of/that = be conscious of/that 意识到，注 意到 e. be instrumental in bring about an end to the conflict. they are still reluctant to do so • Become an indispensable part of··· 成为 ···不可 分割的一 部分 e.
• Be/get accustomed to doing/sth = be/get used to doing/sth e. • Break down/remove/cross/overcome the barriers打破 /消除 /跨越 /克服障 碍 e. Students should not get accustomed to relying on others’ help. • Serve a useful function of = Perform the function of 起到有用的 功能 履行 ···的功 能 实现一种 有价 值的功能 = Fulfilll a valuable function in = Serve the purpose of 起到 ···的目 的 实现一种 教 育目的 = Fulfill an educational purpose e. they believe that sport can cross any barriers.We should make better use of our resources. e. a good building should also fulfill an aesthestic purpsoe by inviting the residents to appreciate its beauty both inside and outside.g 减轻 ···重负 Staying at home for work and study can alleviate the heavy burden of transport and energy consumption. It is sometimes claimed that zoo perform an improtant function in the protection of endangered or rare species e.脱 离 . Visiting museum is not only an enjoyable experience for young children.g.g. • 习惯于 ··· .消除 ( 不好的 感觉 . 他们相信体育可以跨越任何障碍。 • Get rid of··· 摆脱 . • Alleviate the heavy burden of··· e.g.解除 (使 )摆脱 .情况 ) 消除 .挣脱 = rid sb/sth/yourself of sb/sth = extricate sb/sth/yourself from sth e.g.g Apart from serving the practical function of giving people a comfortable shelter.解救 . he had managed to extricate himself from most of this official duties. culture and tradition. but it also fulfills an important edcuational purpose by exposing them to a rich deposit of history.g.
g.g. Basic science lays the foundation on which any other subjects are built. It is standard practice that children are brought up to respect the law. because of the heavy snow storm. The EC Council of Finance Ministers failed to reach a consensus on the pace of integration • Be brought up to do··· 教养，培养 e.g. The corporate sector has remained largely immune to this crisis. Student should immerse themselves in studying theory in universities instead of learning practical skill Reach a consensus on 达成共识 e.g.g.Adapt yourself to sth/ doing 适应 (新环 境 ) = adjust oneself to sth/ doing e.g. the local government commits more money to improve local infrastructure. 满足 ···要求 satisfy/cater to the needs of tourists from abroad serve the needs of future generations • Cater for sth 迎合 e.g. 为 ···提供基础 = Lay the foundation on··· e. 提供巩固的 基 础 respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage. students should adjust themselves to current fierce competition • Serve/ satisfy/ cater to the needs of··· e. Catering for international tours.g. The owners of companies have no more worries about employees not coming for work. 通常来说，小孩子接受教育要遵守法律 • .g. 不用再担 心 Have no more worries about··· e.g. Immerse oneself in = Commit oneself to sth 潜心于， 专心于 e. Be immune to 不 ···(负面的 )影 响 e. • Provide a solid foundation for··· e.
women bear the brunt of childcare duties School will bear the brunt of cuts in govenment spending.··更有可 能在某 天发生 e. The country ends up being stricken with the epidemic. 如果少一 点的 ··. A bear/take the brunt of B A首 当其冲 受到 B的 不利影响 e. A number of advanced professional personnel are needed to keep the pace with the rapid economic development.g. (e). 否定关系 Serious/distinct/relative lack/ shortage/ absence/ insufficiency/ scarcity of = Be lack of/be short of/ be deficient in/ be in need of 地 )缺乏 ··· • Be a hurdle to/ be a hindrance to/ be a barrier to (严重地 /明显 地 /相 对 阻碍 ··· = confronted with/encounter/erect/put up barriers to • Scratch the surface of the problem 治标不治 本 e. greater possibilities of returning us a balance in ecosystem will be taking place someday. one country finds it difficult to be immune to global affairs. Be (severely/grievously) stricken with sth = be afflicted with/by = suffer from 受煎熬， 遭难的 ，受折 磨 e.g.g. 政府削减开支，学校将首当其冲受到影响 . Find it difficult to be immune to··· 很难不受 ···的影响 e. obviously. this solution scratch the surface of the problem. greater possibilities of动 名词组 合 will be taking place someday.g With less people driving to work or school. • With less +名词 +动 名词组 合 .g.g.Keep the pace with 与 ···俱进 e. with the development of globalisation and social development.
g. The entity is potentially vulnerable to competitor’s moves. Vital public services have fallen victim to budget cuts 一些重要的公众服务项目成了削减预算后的牺牲品 • A take one ’s toll on B A对 B产生严 重不良 影 响 .g. 创 The pressure of trying to win a competition has taken its toll on their health. this issue has shaken the foundations of French politics.g. malnourished people are prone to infection. 易受到 社会恶 习腐蚀 • Be prone to sth 易于遭受， 有做 (坏事 ) 的倾向 e.g. • 动词形式 ： interfere in/with = intervene in 干 涉，介入 名词形式 ： interference in/with = intervention in/with . 新一届政府深受腐败和欺诈行为之苦 • Be vulnerable to 容易受 ···(不好 的 )影响 e.造 成重大 损失 经济衰退使住房市场遭受重 e. The recession is taking its toll on the housing markets. Come with unpleasant/undesirable side-effects···伴随着不好的副作用 • Fall victim to = become a victim of 成为 ···的牺牲品 e. Illness had taken a heavy toll on her. government intervening in people's private lives run counter to modern democratic spirit.g. 国的政治 • run counter to = be at odds with sth = conflict with 与 ···不相符 /相矛盾 e.g. tired. Students are usually vulnerable to social evils.g. the new government has fallen prey to corruption and fraud.• Fall prey to sth 受害，受 坏影响 e. 疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害 • Shake/rock the foundations of sth 从根本上 动摇 ··· 这个问题从根本上动摇了法 e.
government should interfere in the coverage of media. • Be awash with sth = be inundated with sth 充斥着 ··· e. the experiments serve no useful purpose. He works longer and longer hours.g.g.g. • Pose a grave threat to···对 ···构成威 胁 e. Merely equipping students with employment skills may defeat the very purpose of universities as educational institutions. • Be notorious for sth/ doing sth 因 ···而臭 名昭 著 e. The international fast foods have long been notorious as a kind of junk food. • Be (potentially/rather/highly) hazardous to e. chemicals that are harzardous to human beings • Defeat the very purpose of = render sth useless/ineffective 对 ···有潜在 /相当 /很大的 危害 使某物无用 /无效 e. TV nowadays is awash with violent and pornographic content • Create a vicious circle 产生恶性循 环 e. one country should not impringe on other's internal affairs.g. 句子 + at the expense of +名 词 以（损害） ···为代价 e.g. • Serve no useful purpose 不起作 用 e. High production rates are often achieved at the expense of quality of work.g. • 动词形式 ： impinge on/upon = encroach on/upon侵犯 名词形式 ： impringing on/upon = encroachment on/upon e.g. the proliferation of non-biodegradable trash poses a grave threat to humanity.g. It turns out to be a vicious circle of destruction/ poverty • 句子 + to the detriment of +名 词 = Be detrimental to 有害于，不利 于 e.e.g.g. In present-day society. .g. to the detriment of his marriage.
g. People intend to maximize their own interest instead of having the best interests of the whole society at heart. pornograhy. the young are not mature enough so that they may not resist the temptation to conduct some unhealthy behaviours. • Be accused of = be prosecute for/as = be on trial(审理 ) for 被指责 /被控告 . delights of lesure (安 逸) Too much indulgence in the Internet games or movies may lead to a superficial (肤浅的) idiot (傻子) short of abstract thinking or may aggravate the isolation of the single children.g. People are reluctant to recycle garbage for the reason that they cannot acquire direct benefit from it. Strange as it may seem. • Give way to temptation= not resist the temptation to 经不住诱惑 e. electronic game.g. students grow weary of learning a series of historical fact. • Get/grow weary of sth/ doing sth= lose interest in 对 ···不再热心 e.• Be apathetic to/about= be (utterly)indifferent to Not have sb’s best interests at heart 对 ···冷漠 /漠然 不关心 ···利益 e. addict oneself to gambling. Those children have a good life and to turn a blind eye to patriotism • Have a slack attitude about对 ···持有疏 忽的态 度 Be largely ignored/neglected by···= lose sight of 被 ···忽略 e. drug. the significance of basic science – the main driving force behind productivity. • Addict oneself to doing = get/be(irreparably不可收复 地 /seriously) addicted to = indulge oneself in = indulgence in 沉迷， 放纵 e.g.g.g. • Turn a blind eye to = shut one’s eyes to sth 对 ···视而不见 e. has been largely ignored by the general public.g. • Be reluctant to = be unwilling to 不愿意 e.
some lay the blame for falling exports on financial turmoil sweeping many Asian countries 有的人干脆认为造成出口下降的原因是横扫亚洲许多国家的金融危机。 • be criticised for··· A被控告 ··· 因 ···受到批评 因 ···受到谴责 (宽恕 condone) be condemned for/by··· e. something will ensue 如果 ···， (不好的 现象 )接着 发生 e. lack of discipline and respect will ensue.= Accuse/prosecute sb of doing/sth = A stand accused of = stand trial/go on trial for • lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事 归咎某 人 e. Peer pressure often impels yongsters to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories (首饰) • If···. • Be exposed to / expose sb to sth 使暴露于险 境 e.g.g.g. experimentaing upon lab animals without rying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/ unjustifiable.g.g. • Sth is/seem (quite/totally/wholly) unwarranted/ unjustifiable 很不合 理 e.g. the action has been widely condemned by human rights groups 这一行动受到人权组织的普遍谴责 • Deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人 ··· e. The report revealed that workers had been exposed to unacceptably high levels of radiation 报告披露了工人们收到有害的高强度辐射 • Sth prompts/ impels sb to do 促使 ···去做 e. if parents neglect their offspring. • It is a waste of time/money/effort doing sth 浪费 (时间 /金 钱 )去做 ··· = squander = fritter away(time/energy/money/fortune) .g. modern cities deprived city-dwellers of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.
(f). 比较关系 Unlike A. 因果关系 归因类 • 根本原因 ···是根本原因 Root in = be (deeply) rooted in = be the root (cause) of e. The public ignorance of basic science research is largely due to its unpredictable Put the blame for sth on sb 把 某事归 咎于某 人 . • 主要原因 Be a major contributing factor to Be a driving force to Be largely attributed to (结果 ) be the result of (原因 ) ···的原 因是 ··· e. B Compared with A. has been largely ignored by the general public • 可能原因 Be attributable to 可能由 于 Be largely due to 很大 可能是 由于 e.g. B A···while/ whereas B··· In comparison/ in contrast/ by contrast. as the main driving force behind productivity. the modern farming techniques seems to be the chief culprit of the current crisis. These traditions were deeply rooted in local custom.g. The need for short-term profits seems to be the driving force behind these mergers The significance of basic science. value. B (g).g. Be the chief culprit of··· ···是罪魁祸首 e.g.
g. On account of = due to = owing to = because of On account of fierce competition. The government has no choice but to take feasible action to protect the environment.g.g. In expectation of = in hope of = in order to = with a view to doing 为了··· = with the aim of = in an attempt to = in an effort to (h). but for the development of science as well. 建议关系 Do not slacken their vigilance against 不可放 松警惕 e. Do not slacken their vigilance against the possible abuse of such a tremendous powers Exercise/ maintain (constant/ continued/ extra) vigilance against 实行 /保 持 (时刻的 /始终 的 )警惕 Be/keep alert to 对 ···保持警 惕 e.g. not just for the sake of profit. • . some people blame the increasing gap between the poor and the rich on unfair social systems.Be blamed on··· 把 ···归咎于，归 罪于 e. people have no choice but to work overtime and put more effort into jobs The reason for···lies in the nature of···来 源于 ···的特性 The reason for this unfortunate fact lies in the nature of basic science Account for 是 ···的原因 Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour 目的类 For the sake of = for the purpose of + 名词 Companies and institutes should financially support scientists who commit themselves to basic science. • Have no choice/alternative but to··· 别无选择，唯有 ··· e. People should be alert to conditions that may indicate possible misstatement due to error and fraud.
Keep a wary eye on sb/ sth = Take a very cautious approach = Cast a discriminate eye on密 切注意 e. • put···on top agenda = be a top priority Be on top of the agenda = be high on the agenda当务 之急 e. • attach heavier weight to= give serious/ fullest consideration to e. these figures do not take account of changes in the rate of inflation. • Take a long view of 长远打算 • unless +句子 ，主句 . Cast a discriminate eye on their way of presentation. comments and implict assumptions • Be cautious of= Be wary of 小心翼翼的， 谨慎的 e. 把某事 考虑在 内 e.g.g. Since basic science is the foundation of most technological developments. financial security was high on the list of priorities. We should be wary of using a strong form of output control to encourage certain scientist while discouraging others • take priority over = give priorities to··· 优先， 优先权 e.g.g.如 果没有 ， ··· .g.g.g. • hold more responsibility for = be held accountable for···为某人 应对某 事负责 e. environmental considerations should be attached heavier weight during the decision-making process. The government should be held accountable for citizen’s health • take account of = take sth into account/ consideration the improvement of poverty should take priority over the space exploitation. • Some steps must be taken to reverse this trend··· e.g. some steps must be taken to reverse this trend.
I concede that using air freight comes with some unpleasant side-effects. Based on the above arugment. I am convinced that as long as people turn the massive media to good account. people could not have enough motivation to put effort into environmental protection.g. Part 7.g. • Bear sth in mind = bear in mind that +句子 注意，记 住 (i). 本人的拙笔 --7分作文 以下为我写的，经过考官评分的7分作文。相信大家看了之后就能体会到熟练掌 握上述列举的160+句型所带来的好处和快感。唯一需要担心的是，怎么控制不 要让字数超过300字 本人建议，若 想快速提高写作分数 ，必须是要多练笔多 总结多 修改。千万不要直接抄 袭别人的模版 ，千万不要背别人的观 点， 更 不 要 迷 信 所 谓 的 满 分 作 文 。 我 最 疯 狂 的 时 候 可 以 写 4篇 大 作 文，2篇小作文。重点不是在写，重点 是写完之后的反思与总结 。 上述的所有句型，词汇和感受都是在我不断的练习当中总结和 归纳的。我觉得，每个人一旦习惯了不断总结与反思的这样一 . it is reasonable to conclude that可以合 理去推 断 e.g. it is reasonable to conclude that if every member of the society is aware of the relationship between humans and nature and stops their destructive behaviour. they can constantly benefit from its favourable functions.g. 结尾句型 Given the above argument. Given the above arugment. Based on the above argument.unless there is an effective incentive program for recycling. I am convinced that 我相 信 ··· e. I concede that 我承认 ··· e. it is going to alleviate the pressure of ecosystem. ···outweigh···在 ···(影响或 重要性 方面 )超 过 e. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
the recipes of traditional foods will gradually disappear. For societies. For families. they may be easily stricken with some severe chronic diseases. the negative effects induced by these fast foods should not be ignored. directly and indirectly. However. render people weak in combating diseases. cancers and so forth. This is especially true when we consider the fact that nowadays more and more people are participating in the labour market and undertaking an enormous amount of work. such as hamburgers and fried chickens. high blood pressure. actually or potentially. Therefore. since they are. this is unfavourable to the carrying forward of traditional culture. It is undeniable that international fast foods. traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. I personally believe that these foods exert an adverse impact on both families and societies. these foods. detrimental to individuals and societies. Although fast foods may bring about some direct benefits in people's daily lives. which reflects the unique character of a nation. Hence. to some extent. local citizens may lose a sense of cultural identity and social belonging. although international fast foods may provide people with some direct benefits. If people get accustomed to eating these foods. the introduction and the growing popularity of international fast foods. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Recent decades have witnessed an obvious trend that international fast foods have gradually taken the place of traditional foods in many regions. takes its toll on the protection of traditional culture. such as heart disease.个做事模式的话，没有什么是攻 克不 了的。 (紫色字体 为最新 upload ) Argumentation –社会 类 In many countries. To conclude. If local people prefer to eat fast foods rather than cook traditional foods. one of the most direct influences induced by fast foods is that they worsen the quality of people's health. people should pay attention to the negative effects of . Consequently. It is widely accepted that international fast foods have long been criticised as junk food because they contain a considerable number of calories with high level of heat and fat. have helped people save time for cooking and extricated them from a series of complicated cooking processes that are used in cooking traditional foods. It is generally acknowledged that the culture of diets and foods is an indispensable part of traditional culture. they pose a serious threat to people’s health and the preservation of traditional culture. Therefore.
Nevertheless. Obviously. It is of paramount importance to equip the public with abundant knowledge and impact a proper outlook on life to them. the citizens can become competent enough to maintain their daily lives by means of their own efforts. Admittedly. In fact. Argumentation – 广告类 . arts and music. those arts cannot generate direct benefits for them. subsidizing artist cannot help the public get rid of the heavy burdens of their lives. such as education and medical care. art and music are not an actual prescription to extricate people from an array of worries and burdens. while others claims that it is of great urgency for governments to allocate money to the areas that are in need. Therefore. they are by no means a unique tool to achieve this goal. In addition. it is money and knowledge that contribute to the improvement of people ’s lives. it is more urgent for governments to commit money to some fundamental social systems like education and public health. To begin with. To conclude. Some people argue that art and music are conducive to the improvement of people ’s lives. Consequently. the governments should give priority to some basic social systems. serve a valuable function in enriching people ’s daily lives and help them to foster a positive attitude towards life. to some extent. whichare considered as an essential way to enable people to live a decent life. It is not uncommon that the arts such as music and painting are a meaningless symbol to many because from their perspective. to what extent do you agree or disagree? The issue of whether governments should spend money on the arts has sparked off an intense debate.these fast foods and properly change their diet structure.5 Argumentation – 政府类 Many people arts and music do not improve the quality of life. However. such as education and medicare programs instead of subsidizing the arts. art and music are not the key determinant of a good quality of life. To my way of thinking. I am convinced that governments should attach heavier weight to other sectors. I concede that the arts can play a favourable role in improving the quality of people ’s lives. Investing in education is a good case in point. the government should spend money on other things rather than the arts such as music and painting. This is simply because a well-rounded social system is the guarantee of the enhancement of the quality of people ’s lives. 考官评分(按照上述4项评分规则)：7，8，8，8 总分：7.
so that they can enjoy the sense of accomplishment and vanity. Obviously. Accordingly. From my perspective. To what extent do you agree or disagree. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Although it is widely accepted that the prevalence of advertisements plays a positive role in stimulating consumers to go shopping. some social factors. thereby promoting sales of products.Many people argue that nowadays consumers buy lots of goods they don ’t actually need because they are influenced by advertisements. such purchasing behaviour is not actuated by the needs of those products To conclude. with the enforcement of relevant laws in the realm ofprotection of consumers’ rights. someone says it could make bad consequence. In fact. for the purpose of gratifying their vanity. Argumentation – 犯罪类 Giving detailed descriptions of crime by newspaper and television. are significantly influenced by the celebrities that endorse the products. Consequently. They tend to imitate their idols with a view to expressing their love and spiritual support for those stars. especially luxurious goods. It is undeniable that advertisements have exerted a considerable impact on triggering people to buy goods. Therefore. this kind of media should be restricted. especially young teenagers. such as peer influence and celebrity effect. As a result. they may buy the products that their idols are in favour of. the advertisements are no longer the main cause to lead consumers to buy things that they do not need. The issue of whether mass media should give detailed descriptions of crime is of great concern to the public . I disagree with this statement. Hence. In fact. it is not true to consider advertisement as the chief culprit of the fact that consumers buy a host of things that they do not need. Nevertheless. those products serve no helpful function in satisfying their real needs. peer influence is attributed to this situation. In addition. peer influence and celebrity effect are the major cause of people buying a vast number of goods that they do not actually need. some people. it exerts an advese impact on . advertisements have a certain influence on customer’s purchasing behaviour. people are gradually addicted to buying goods. However. people tend to compare with their peers and flaunt their wealth. contribute to this phenomenon. With the improvement of living standards and the increase of disposal incomes. Some advertisers may exaggerate the quality of products in an attempt to mislead customers. customers bear the brunt of these advertisements and purchase an array of useless goods.
ensuring that people have healthy lifestyles is conducive to social harmony as well as performing of government’s functions. Admittedly. such as nervousness. I concede that giving detailed descriptions of crime can serve a positive function in combating the crime. Hence. Nevertheless. Simultaneously.individuals and society. which reduces the possibility of the occurrence of similar crimes. To begin with. the media should be constrained in the amount of details they report. Argumentation –政府 类 Some people think it is the responsibility for government to ensure that people have healthy lifestyles. this kind of media should be restricted. . Also it helps people to strengthen the awareness of crime-prevention by popularizing the protective actions against crime. Consequently. Therefore. Also. people may lose a sense of social security and find it difficult to trust others. In addition. To my mind. those programs may give some would-be wrongdoers a chance to imitate the anti-social behaviours that were described in the programs. fear and so forth. without proper lifestyles. Under this circumstance. to some extent. giving detailed descriptions of crime can serve as a warning to potential criminals. As a result. To begin with. However. I am convinced that it comes with certain unpleasant side-effects. To conclude. healthy lifestyles of citizens lay the foundation ofsocial order. forces those victims to experience the nightmare again. the whole society will fall prey to it. which are detrimental to both individuals and society. the alienation of interpersonal relationships will ensue. anxiety. Obviously. Advocates ofgovernment’s dominant role in people ’s lifestyles claim that the functions of a government and the costs of unhealthy lifestyles determine that governments have an obligation to make sure that people have healthy lifestyles. Giving detailed demonstrations of crime. In addition. Others think people should have a free for their own lifestyles decisions. the negative influences resulting from these detailed illustrations of crime should not be ignored. those programs may give the public an illusion that they are surrounded by a considerable number of would-be criminals. the purpose of establishment of a government is to fulfill the essential function of maintaining social stability. The issue of whether government should hold responsibility for people’s healthy lifestyle has sparked off an intense debate . Therefore. It seems that those shows do nothing but indirectly encourage some to commit a crime. it will lead them to be afflicted with chronic psychological problems. victims who suffer from crime bear the brunt of it. governments should respect people ’s rights on deciding their lifestyles.
the pattern of people ’s interaction and communication has become diverse. people are going to be. Furthermore. the pervasive use of the Internet helps people save time and enhance the efficiency. in no small measure. without meeting other people face to face. If local governments do not limit the misuse of drug and alcohol. deprives people offreedom of choices. thisdoes not necessarily mean that government can interfere with people private life. I concede that government can play a dominant as well as favourable role in the daily life of citizens. which further makes . Due to the absence offace-to-face interview and communication. That means it is costly and even impossible for government to ensure that people have lifestyles in conformity with the definition set by the government. However. Even if the government can do so. opponents argue that it is pointless forgovernment to interfere incivilian private life. healthy lifestyle is an abstract concept and by no means confined to a defined as well as unique prescription. such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions. So convenient is the application of telecommunication and online-shopping that people are extricating themselves from such undesirable factors as traffic congestion. which exerts a profound impact onboth individuals and society. an increase in crime rate and widespread vandalism will ensue. bad weather and tight schedule and so forth.5 Report –社 会类 People now can perform some everyday tasks. over-indulgence in the Internet potentially renders people as a slave ofinternet and computer. For individuals. What are the effects of this development on an individuals and on society as a whole? With the advent of the Age of the Internet. To conclude. On the other hand. Any obstacles to the realization of reasonable human rights are unwarranted by the public. government’s intervention inpersonal lifestyle. I believe that civilians are entitled to live in a way that they wish and have a freedom of choicein terms oftheir lifestyles. 考官评分(按照上述4项评分规则)：7，8，8，8 总分：7. isolated from each other. This is especially unacceptable in modern democratic countries because it run counter to the spirit of democracy that human rights should deserve full consideration and respect. it inevitably leads to stifle the expression of diverse personality. However. Drug and alcohol abuse is a good case in point. It is not uncommon that a considerable extension of unhealthy lifestyle is associated with some undesirable consequences. geographically as well as emotionally. First of all.individuals and societies alike would fall victim to its destructive influence.
The issue of whether academic abilities should be served as an only reliable standard in terms of selecting students has sparked off an intense debate. Other than academic mark. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.people lose a sense of identity and social belonging. to students. schools are set up to fulfill the educational function of imparting a great deal amount of knowledge. Accordingly. This is simply because the interaction and communication is no longer confined to geographical impediment. To begin with. unemployment rate may be driven up because many job positions have and will continue to be replaced by online automatic transaction systems. One example will suffice to illustrate this point.5 Argumentation --教育类 Some people think that schools should select students according to their academic abilities while others believe that it is better to have students with different abilities study together. it is widely accepted that it is a relatively objective and fair assessment system to all students and better reduce the dispute of unfair treatments. For society. consumption and investment undoubtedly flourish. industries such as electronic commerce and online-business have become major beneficiaries ofthis tendency. As long as people turn the application of electronic transaction systemto good account. such as liberal arts and science. many small and medium sized enterprises may fall victim tothe wave of electronic businesson account of insufficiency of money and technology to develop online transaction system. which can served as a driving factor to facilitate the sustainable development of social economy. On the other hand. I concede that the development of telecommunication technology and internet comes with some unpleasant side-effects. On the one hand.However. it is understandable that some take it for granted that academic results can serve as an effective benchmark for assessing students’ capability. Whoever is chosen by schools could not ensure the absolute fairness and objectivity of the selection. while students go to school mainly for the purpose of fostering academic ability. To conclude. educators find it difficult to compare the ability of student who is proficient at painting and who is skillful at sports. advocates of the of academic results claim that it is more effective as well as fairer for schools to adopt an academy-oriented approach to select students. In addition. opponents of only concentration on academic abilities argue that . However. In this essay. both individuals and society will profit from it. With increasing popularity ofonline shopping and banking. I aim at discussing both sides of the problem and put up my own opinion. Besides this. its positive effects outweigh its negative ones. 考官评分(按照上述4项评分规则)：7，8，8，8 总分：7.
A convincing example is that people in Frigid Zone would by no means have access to tropical food without the export of farm produce. I concede that judging students by academic ability helps schools select proper students. export countries may become a major beneficiary fro m this situation. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Only focusing on academic skills inevitably leads many who are short of academic study but good at other subjects to lose opportunities to promote their talents. if students with different abilities can study together. Instead. Some people say this is a good thing while other people think it cannot be justified. To conclude. In addition. However. Nevertheless. exporting . For importing countries. those agricultural products substantially enrich the diet of local citizens and improve the nutrition structure. people will become a major beneficiary from such trade if they can develop environmental-friendly fuel for air transport It is widely believed that using air transport for the purpose of the export of agricultural products to countries where they cannot be grown or out of season can have a beneficial influence on both importing and exporting countries. To my mind. those people are in a position to acquire a more abundant supply of food and vegetable. In terms ofinternational trade. while others claim that air freight pose a serious threat to environment. because it helps expand the market of farm produce. The issue of whether exporting fruits and vegetable by means of air transport is conducive to the society is of great concern to the public.5 Argumentation –环保 类 Air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people argue that exporting food benefit people in both exporting and importing countries. it is also manifest that in terms of environmental protection. schools are not a place where students are turned into pedants. Because ofthe existence of express transport such as air freight. First and foremost. I am convinced that allowing students with many talents to study together outweigh the former view.the academic result is by no means an exclusive way to evaluate students’ capabilities. 考官评分(按照上述4项评分规则)：7，8，8，8 总分：7.it is out of question that all the students will benefit from such a combination. accelerate the sales of agricultural output and improve the well-being of domestic farmers. it is considered asan educational platform for students to develop their versatile skills and grow into a person who gets accustomed to the needs of the society. This is simply because it helps students complement each other and give them motivation as well as chances to learn more from each other.
Consequently. Other than toxic gases.agricultural products by means ofair transportation has its inherent disadvantages. greenhouse gazes (i. environmental-friendly energy for aircraft so that people can constantly benefit from the export of agricultural products. the toxic fumes – such as sulphur dioxide. people are unavoidably afflicted with respiratory diseases. So far there has not been complete substitution for oil. We should not pursue short-term profit at the expense ofthe sustainable development. To conclude. 考官评分(按照上述4项评分规则)：8，8，8，8 总分：8 无论你是为了实现留学 梦， 移民梦， 还是工作梦， 衷心祝福大家雅思必过， 烤鸭成功 ~~ . People should develop a new. carbon dioxide) worsen the global warming and then potentially induce the change of global climate. I concede that using air transport comes with some undesirable side-effects. To begin with. it accelerates the depletion of fossil fuel that is non-renewable resources. Also. released from the aircraft are the chief culprit ofatmospheric contamination.e. it is rather one-sided to deny the rationality of this phenomenon. Nevertheless.

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