Source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol3/pp37-47
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 06:26:39+00:00

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Apart from the slightly higher ground at the village site, and an even smaller area just north of the village, the whole of the township lies at less than 25 ft. above sea-level. South of the village the belt of riverside alluvium broadens towards the confluence of the Ouse and the Derwent. The township boundary on the south and west follows the rivers, including the old course of the Ouse, but elsewhere it makes little use of natural features. The relatively small areas of open-field land lay close to the village, with meadows towards the river and extensive early inclosures from woodland in the north of the township. The remaining open fields were inclosed in 1844.
The chief roads in Hemingbrough are those leading north-westwards to Cliffe and eastwards towards Howden. Hagg Lane leads to South Duffield and another minor road to a former ferry crossing the Derwent to Barmby on the Marsh. In the 20th century the Cliffe and Howden roads, together with the streets of Hemingbrough village, became part of the Hull-Selby trunk road, and a bypass around the north-east side of the village was among the many alterations to the road made in the late 1920s. (fn. 4) The Derwent ferry, belonging to the prior of Durham as lord of the manor, was mentioned in 1330 and frequently in the 15th century. (fn. 5) It survived into the twentieth. (fn. 6) Another ferry, across the Ouse, was worked from a farm-house south of the village c. 1930. (fn. 7) In 1850 the old course of the Ouse was followed by a track known as Old Ways Lane, (fn. 8) but this has since ceased to exist. The Hull-Selby railway line, opened in 1840, (fn. 9) crosses the north of the township.
Most of the older village houses lie along the closely-built-up Town Street, their garths stretching back to the 'old' Ouse on the west and to Back and Garth Ends Lanes on the east. Town Street and the back lanes are connected at the north and south ends of the village and also in the centre, near the church, by the old Howden road, known as Finkle Street where it leaves the village. Many of the houses in Town Street are 18th-century in date, most being of brown brick, two storeys high, and with marked plat bands, brick cornices, and projecting kneelers. Three are dated, the Hollies with 1763 inscribed on a keystone, Hoton House with 1751 on a kneeler, and a farm-house in the south of the village with wrought-iron tie-rod anchors for 1754. One later18th-century house, sometimes known as the Old Hall, has a pretentious elevation with the centre bay recessed, raised an extra storey, and surmounted by a pediment. Most of the larger 19th-century houses are in the streets running east from Town Street; they include Manor Farm, which probably incorporates an earlier building, the Chase, the Cottage, the Villa, Hemingbrough Hall, and the former Vicarage. (fn. 10) Smaller 19th-century houses occur in Town Street but it was not until the present century that general development spread into the back lanes; in recent years there has been much new building, including 30 council houses, particularly towards the south and east. The few isolated farm-houses include Wood House in the north of the township and Hemingbrough Grange to the south of the village.
Before and after the Dissolution the lands in the manor had been held by copyholders and freeholders, and consequently no land was attached to the modern manor. None of the lesser estates has been very large.
In 1529, when John West's land in the township was used to endow a chantry, (fn. 63) the open-field land still lay in many different places. The first mention of fields reveals the existence of Water, Near Water, Uttermore Water, Chapel, Mill, and North fields, but West also had many parcels of land elsewhere. Some of the names, like Best plat, Grantacres, the Carrs, Worthorp, and Mortilcroft, had been in the list of assarted lands in 1330. Other arable parcels lay in Harstones in North field and in Somergangs, and there was meadow in Cow ings and 'between dikes'. There were 12 a. of inclosed pasture. (fn. 64) It is not clear whether all of the woodland had been cleared by the 16th century. John West had a small parcel 'in Hemingbrough wood', but among the former chantry property in 1553 was pasture called Hemingbrough wood. (fn. 65) Wood closes were mentioned in 1668. (fn. 66) The former wooded character of the north-east corner of the township is still recalled by the names Hagg Lane and Wood House.
Medieval river traffic may have given employment to a few Hemingbrough men: a mercer and a merchant were mentioned in 1379, for example, and there were also two weavers at that date. (fn. 81) Subsequently few men seem to have followed other than agricultural occupations or the usual village crafts and trades. A glover and a tanner were mentioned in 1624, (fn. 82) however, and a tanner in 1769. (fn. 83) Bricks have long been made at sites north of the village. A string of ponds along Hagg Lane in 1850 was probably the result of digging for clay, and a brick and tile yard already stood near the Cliffe road where it has been worked ever since; (fn. 84) only drainage tiles were being made in 1973.
The manorial windmill at Hemingbrough was mentioned in 1276-7 (fn. 85) and repairs to it were frequently recorded in the Middle Ages. (fn. 86) It was granted away by the Crown separately from the manor in 1609-10 and was frequently recorded thereafter, often in the tenancy of the Howdell family who eventually bought it in 1730. (fn. 87) It was a post mill in 1892. (fn. 88) A miller was last mentioned in 1913 (fn. 89) and the mill, which stood just to the south of the village, had been demolished by 1973.
Surviving court books for the period 1816-1935 (fn. 95) are entirely concerned with surrenders and admissions.
There are surviving churchwardens' accounts for 1715-1878 which show that all the townships, including Barlby, were assessed to the Hemingbrough rates. There were commonly two churchwardens for Hemingbrough, two for Cliffe with Lund, and one each for Barlby, South Duffield, Osgodby, and Brackenholme, Woodhall, Menthorpe, and Bowthorpe combined. (fn. 96) Hemingbrough joined Howden poor-law union in 1837 (fn. 97) and the nine former poorhouses in the main street were sold by the union in 1866. (fn. 98) The township became part of Howden rural district in 1894, Derwent rural district in 1935, (fn. 99) and the Selby district of North Yorkshire in 1974.
A church was recorded at Hemingbrough in 1086. (fn. 100) It was given with the manor to the bishop of Durham soon afterwards and assigned by him to Durham priory. (fn. 101) The rectory was a valuable one but the priory received from it only a pension of 5 marks. (fn. 102) Consequently attempts were made in the 14th century to appropriate the church, but papal sanction could not be obtained. (fn. 103) Instead the church was made collegiate in 1427, with a staff comprising a provost, having cure of souls in the parish, three prebendaries, six vicars, and six clerks. (fn. 104) A pension of 5 marks continued to be received by the priory. (fn. 105) Hemingbrough remained in the peculiar jurisdiction of the priory until the Dissolution. (fn. 106) The college was suppressed in 1545 and the church eventually became a vicarage.
A parsonage house may have existed in 1324. (fn. 125) The rector may for a time have lived in a house called the Stackgarth, which he rented from Durham priory in 1402-3. (fn. 126) The Stackgarth had in 1339 been assigned by the priory to the priests of the Cliffe chantry, then in course of foundation, and it lay opposite the church next to the Brackenholme road. (fn. 127) The chantry-priests apparently did not use it, however, and after the provost of the college assumed the duties of the former rectors in 1427 the priory frequently had no tenants for the Stackgarth. (fn. 128) The suggestion that it was used as the bedern of the vicars of the college cannot be substantiated. (fn. 129) After the Dissolution nothing is known of the parish priests' place of residence until 1707, when the former Stackgarth was conveyed to trustees for the incumbent's benefit. It was enlarged at the vicar's expense in the mid 18th century but in 1786, when the vicar was non-resident, the house was let to the petty school master. It was partly rebuilt by the vicar in 1794 and repaired by his successor, John Ion, in 1826. (fn. 130) In 1842, however, Ion built Hemingbrough Villa for his own residence (fn. 131) and the need for a house belonging to the living was eventually met in 1862, when a large Vicarage was erected on the Howden road east of the village. (fn. 132) A new Vicarage was built on the Selby road in 1973, (fn. 133) when the 1862 house was known as the Hermitage.
The wealthy living was held by several eminent rectors before 1427, some of whom were non-resident and enjoyed other livings also. (fn. 149) Robert de marisco, rector 1217-18 to 1258, became dean of Lincoln in 1258. Richard of Middleton was the king's chancellor, and in 1270 he had a gift of fish from the royal fishpond of the Foss at York to stock his pond at Hemingbrough. (fn. 150) Hugh of Evesham, rector 1272-87, was a prebendary of York and a member of the Sacred College. Bogo of Clare (1287-94) was treasurer and prebendary at York, dean of Stafford, and the holder of many rich livings. John of Droxford (1294-1309) became bishop of Bath and Wells in 1309 and was chancellor of the Exchequer in 1307-16. (fn. 151) Stephen de Mauley (1309-17) was a prebendary of York and dean of Wimborne and Auckland. Joscelin d'Ossat (c. 1317-48) became cardinal bishop of Alba. Thomas of Walworth (1375-1409) was a prebendary of York and master of St. Nicholas's hospital there. John Rickinghall (1413-26) held offices at York minster, was chancellor of the university of Cambridge, and became bishop of Chichester in 1426.
There was one service each Sunday in 1743 and 1764, and communion was received four times a year by about 100 people. (fn. 159) By 1851 there were two weekly services, (fn. 160) and in 1865 and later communion was celebrated monthly with about 20 communicants. (fn. 161) By 1914 communion was celebrated weekly. (fn. 162) There were three services each Sunday in 1973. A mission room was erected at Cliffe in 1908 and a weekly service and monthly communion were held there in 1914; (fn. 163) a service was still held there each Sunday in 1973.
The two eastern bays of both nave arcades are of the late 12th century but have been cut through the walls of an earlier building, of which all four corners can still be seen, which probably dates from the 11th century. Soon after 1200 the nave and aisles were extended westwards by two bays and a north transept, with a narrow aisle on its west side, was added. The latter suggests that the church was being enlarged to a cruciform plan which would involve an extensive reconstruction of the east end, but no evidence of this remains. The work may not have been completed, or there may have been some calamity like the fall of the crossing tower, for the south transept is of the late 13th century and the present crossing tower is only slightly later and is contemporary with an extensive reconstruction of the north transept and the building of the chancel. The lower storey of the vestry was built in the mid 14th century at about the time that the south aisle was widened and the south porch added. In 1410 £10 was bequeathed for the rebuilding of the 'north part' of the church; (fn. 165) possibly this was the north aisle but if so nothing survives as evidence that the work was done.
The transepts were used as chapels from an early date, and the original piscina and backing for a reredos remain in the south transept. The Babthorpe chantry chapel, between the north transept and the vestry, was probably built soon after the deaths of Thomas Babthorpe's father and brother in 1455 (fn. 168) and the room over the vestry is contemporary with it. The south chapel, which is joined to the chancel by an arcade of four bays, was probably built at the expense of Anne Manners of Turnham Hall after 1513 (fn. 169) and was used as a Lady chapel.
Many of the medieval fittings, including the rood screen and much stained glass, have gone, but among those that remain are the font of c. 1200, a single misericord of c. 1300, parts of stalls and much restored seating of the early 16th century, and the screens to the south chapel.
Two families of Presbyterians and one of Quakers were reported in the parish in 1743 and one family of unspecified dissenters in 1764. (fn. 183) Houses in Hemingbrough township were registered for dissenting worship in 1787 and 1812. (fn. 184) A chapel was built there by the Wesleyan Methodists in 1836 and rebuilt in 1848, (fn. 185) and it was still used for worship in 1973. The Primitive Methodists replaced an earlier meeting-place (fn. 186) by a chapel built in 1857. (fn. 187) Its registration was cancelled in 1937 (fn. 188) and it was used as a storehouse in 1973.
John Allanson or Allison, by will dated 1722, gave £2 from a house and land in Lund, to be distributed in bread to the poor of the parish. Joseph Underwood, in 1781, gave 12s. a year from 2 a. in Hemingbrough to be laid out in bread. These two bequests were used in 1823 to distribute weekly bread worth 1s. (fn. 217) Part of the rent-charge was being withheld in the early 20th century (fn. 218) and no more is known of the charity.
2. P.N.E.R. Yorks. (E.P.N.S.), 260-1.
3. O.S. Map 6", Yorks. (1854 edn.). The whole township is on sheet 222.
4. e.g. E.R.C.C. Mins. 1928-9, 237; 1929-30, 389; R.D.B., 358/563/459.
5. Prior's Kitchen, Durham, D. & C. Muniments, 3. 2. Ebor. 42; chamberlains' accts., e.g. 1450-1(A).
6. O.S. Map 6" (1958 edn.).
8. O.S. Map 6" (1854 edn.).
9. V.C.H. Yorks. E.R. i. 392.
11. T. Burton, Hist. Hemingbrough, 124; Sheahan and Whellan, Hist. York & E.R. ii. 622.
12. E.R.R.O., DDBH/9/2; H.U.L., DTT/1/38, 53-5, 60; directories; see p. 53.
16. Baines, Hist. Yorks. ii. 216-17.
17. White, Dir. E. & N.R. Yorks. (1840), 331; Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1872), 374; O.S. Map 6" (1854 edn.).
18. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1909), 524; (1913), 545.
19. T.E.R.A.S. xv. 33-5. There is no return for 1377.
20. Cal. S.P. Dom. 1591-4, 147.
22. B.I.H.R., Bp. V. 1764/Ret. 24; Herring's Visit. ii. 66.
23. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 498.
24. The area added from Barmby had no population.
26. E.Y.C. ii, pp. 302-3, 316.
27. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 153, 196, 319.
28. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.) v. 301.
29. C 66/1985 no [1 from end].
30. Burton, Hemingbrough, 154-5. For the Ingrams see J. Foster, Pedigrees of . . . Yorks. i.
34. R.D.B., 93/425/407 (1897); 214/368/308.
35. Ibid. FU/292/328; FX/95/118; HQ/398/458; /399/ 459.
37. Ibid. LE/92/133; MO/420/640; 60/538/484(1900).
38. Ibid. 43/164/148 (1902); 240/43/34; 768/362/307.
39. Cal. Pat. 1549-51, 31.
41. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, M.C. 5701 (3-6), 6645 (provost's accts).
42. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 359.
43. Valor Eccl. v. 139.
45. H.U.L., DRA/746; Cal. Pat. 1569-72, p. 173. For other leases see Cal. Pat. 1563-6, pp. 186-7; Burton, Hemingbrough, 153-4.
46. C 66/1967 no. 2.
47. C 94/3 f. 77.
49. Burton, Hemingbrough, 74; O.S. Map 6" (1854 edn.). There is no evidence to support Burton's suggestion that it had formerly been the rector's house.
50. Cal. Pat. 1553-4, 146.
51. Burton, Hemingbrough, 74-5; see below p. 65.
53. For the bedern see Burton, Hemingbrough, 84-6.
55. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 196.
56. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, Cart. III f. 32v. (an 'extract of old muniments and rentals' compiled in 1430 by the chancellor of the priory). A transcript of the document in Burton, Hemingbrough, 388-9 contains some inaccuracies.
57. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, 3. 2. Ebor. 42 (1330 rental); Cart. III f. 32v. (1430 extract).
58. O.S. Map 6" (various edns.).
60. Cal. Chart. R. 1257-1300, 457.
61. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, 3. 2. Ebor. 42.
62. Ibid. chamberlains' accts., passim. Some transcripts and extracts are printed in Acct. Rolls of Abbey of Durham, i (Sur. Soc. xcix), 168-97.
64. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, M.C. 6650.
65. Cal. Pat. 1553, 22.
69. E.R.R.O., Enrolment Bk. H, pp. 57 sqq.
70. Ibid. DDTR/Box 9 (uncalendared).
73. e.g. see p. 53.
74. [1st] Land Util. Surv. Map, sheet 32; 2nd Land Util. Surv. Map, sheet 689 (SE 63-73).
75. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlains' accts., e.g. 1362-3, 1372-3.
76. E.R.R.O., QSF. East. 1779, C. 20.
78. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 633.
79. e.g. B.I.H.R., TA. 446S; O.S. Map 6" (all edns.).
84. O.S. Map 6" (1854 edn.); directories.
85. Durham Annals and Documents of the 13th Cent. (Sur. Soc. clv), 185.
86. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlains' accts., e.g. 1372-3, 1521-2.
88. Bulmer, Dir. E. Yorks. (1892), 633.
89. Kelly's Dir. N. & E.R. Yorks. (1913), 545.
93. Cal. Pat. 1467-77, 600.
94. B.I.H.R., PR. HEM. 39; E.R.R.O., DDX/31/397.
96. Ibid. PR. HEM. 25-6.
97. 3rd Rep. Poor Law Com. 168.
98. R.D.B., IY/167/238; O.S. Map 6" (1854 edn.).
100. V.C.H. Yorks. ii. 196.
102. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlain's charty., f. 5; Reg. Gray, p. 154; Tax. Eccl. (Rec. Com.), 336.
103. R. B. Dobson, Durham Priory, 1400-1450, 156-62.
104. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 359.
105. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlains' accts., e.g. 1450-1 (A).
106. V.C.H. Yorks. iii. 86.
107. e.g. Reg. Giffard, i, pp. 30, 57; Reg. Romeyn, ii, p. 34; Cal. Papal Regs. iv. 222.
109. Cal. Pat. 1557-8, 420.
110. York Dioc. Regy., Order in Council 415.
112. Tax. Eccl. 302, 336.
113. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, M.C. 6645.
114. Valor Eccl. v. 145.
116. C 94/3 f. 77. For the descent of the rectory see p. 40.
117. B.I.H.R., TER. N. Hemingbrough 1716 etc.
119. Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 940.
120. Lond. Gaz. 5 Sept. 1862, p. 4366; 13 May 1881, p. 2499; 8 July 1881, p. 3407.
121. B.I.H.R., Bp. V. 1914/Ret. There is no return to the visitation of 1884.
122. Ibid. TER. N. Hemingbrough 1716, 1749; charity list in church; Burton, Hemingbrough, 140.
123. B.I.H.R., TER. N. Hemingbrough 1853.
124. Ex inf. the vicar, 1974.
126. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlain's acct.
127. Ibid, chamberlain's charty., ff. 6d.-8v. For the chantry see below.
128. Ibid. chamberlains' accts., 1475-6 etc.
130. B.I.H.R., PR. HEM. 25 (s.v. 1794); Burton, Hemingbrough, 86-7, 115-19, 122-3.
132. B.I.H.R., TER. N. Hemingbrough 1865.
136. Valor Eccl. v. 139.
137. Cal. Pat. 1553, 21-3.
138. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, chamberlain's charty., ff. 6d.-8v.; 1. 2. Archiep. 1; Burton, Hemingbrough, 90-3.
139. Valor Eccl. v. 139.
141. Prior's Kitchen, D. & C. Muniments, M.C. 6650; 3. 2. Ebor. 46; Burton, Hemingbrough, 93-4.
142. Valor Eccl. v. 139.
143. Cal. Papal Regs. iv. 454.
145. O.S. Map 6" (various edns.).
149. This paragraph is largely based on Burton, Hemingbrough, 45-59.
150. Cal. Close, 1268-72, 194.
151. Reg. Romeyn, ii, p. 105 n.
153. Calamy Revised, ed. A. G. Matthews, 194.
154. Burton, Hemingbrough, 37, 111.
156. Ibid. 124; Rep. Com. Eccl. Revenues, 940.
158. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 236.
159. Ibid. Bp. V. 1764/Ret. 24; Herring's Visit. ii. 66.
161. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 236; V. 1868/Ret. 212; V. 1871/Ret. 211; V. 1877/Ret.
162. Ibid. Bp. V. 1914/Ret.
167. Bequests for work on the nave were made in 1463 and 1508: B.I.H.R., Prob. Reg. 2, f. 588; N. Country Wills, i (Sur. Soc. cxvi), 272.
171. Ibid. 44-5; W. H. Wright, Restoration of Hemingbrough Ch.
174. Inventories of Ch. Goods, 80.
175. Boulter, 'Ch. Bells', 31.
176. B.I.H.R., Fac. Bk. viii, p. 258.
177. Yorks. Ch. Plate, i. 260.
180. York Dioc. Regy., Consecration deed.
181. Aveling, Post Reformation Catholicism, 63; Burton, Hemingbrough, 314-20.
182. B.I.H.R., Bp. V. 1764/Ret. 24.
183. Ibid.; Herring's Visit. ii. 66.
184. G.R.O. Worship Return, Vol. v, nos. 688, 2602.
187. Burton, Hemingbrough, 162. It was registered in 1860: G.R.O., Worship Reg. no. 9331.
188. G.R.O. Worship Reg. no. 9331.
189. B.I.H.R., V. 1865/Ret. 236; Bp. V. 1914/Ret.
195. Educ. Enquiry Abstract, 1086.
196. 11th Rep. Com. Char. 772.
199. B.I.H.R., V. 1868/Ret. 212.
200. Returns relating to Elem. Educ. 796.
201. Lond. Gaz. 26 Jan. 1875, p. 303.
202. E.R.R.O., SBM. Hemingbrough, 1875-87.
203. Ed. 7/135 no. 72.
204. Rep. of Educ. Cttee. of Council, 1878-9 [C. 2342-1], p. 1035, H.C. (1878-9), xxiii.
205. B.I.H.R., Bp. V. 1894/Ret.; Ed. 49/8548.
208. E.R.R.O., SBM. Hemingbrough, 1887-1903.
209. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1906-7, 288; 1907-8, 61; 1926-7, 183; 1927-8, 181.
210. Bd. of Educ. List 21 (H.M.S.O.).
211. E.R. Educ. Cttee. Mins. 1955-6, 151.
212. Ibid. 1962-3, 110, 114.
213. Ex inf. Chief Educ. Officer, County Hall, Beverley, 1973.
214. Ex inf. the vicar, 1974.
215. B.I.H.R., TER. N. Hemingbrough 1770; 11th Rep. Com. Char. 772; list in church.
217. 11th Rep. Com. Char. 771-2; Burton, Hemingbrough, 139-40.
219. Ibid.; Burton, Hemingbrough, 140-1.
220. B.I.H.R., PR. HEM. 26.
222. Ibid, (under Cliffe and Hemingbrough).

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