Source: http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555817558.chap25
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 02:34:15+00:00

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The resurgence of malaria morbidity and mortality underlines the failure of hopes for the eradication of malaria of the middle part of the 20th century. By the 1950s, control measures based on chemotherapy with chloroquine and use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) had reduced the disease burden of malaria so substantially that many policymakers believed the task of malaria control was close to being completed. DNA sequences from Plasmodium falciparum parasites can be delivered as DNA molecules (DNA vaccines) or various recombinant attenuated DNA viruses to generate candidate DNA-based vaccines. There is an unimaginably large number of possible malaria constructs for inclusion in a malaria vaccine. In general, recombinant protein-based platforms are chosen where antibody induction is thought to be the most important effector mechanism. Adjuvants are chemicals which, when administered in combination with an antigen, augment the immune response to the antigen. All vaccines, including malaria vaccines, are evaluated in animal models to assess their safety and immunogenicity. For a vaccine to have any public health impact it must be licensed, manufactured, promoted, and distributed. Once a vaccine that prevents clinical disease is licensed by a regulatory authority, it may yet be many years before the vaccine is added to local immunization programs in countries where malaria is endemic. Inclusion of sexual-stage vaccine components in multistage vaccines is theoretically attractive.
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