Source: https://wikimili.com/en/Roger_J._Traynor
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 02:22:58+00:00

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A jurist is someone who researches and studies jurisprudence. Such a person can work as an academic, legal writer or law lecturer. In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and in many other Commonwealth countries, the word jurist sometimes refers to a barrister, whereas in the United States of America and Canada it often refers to a judge.
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.6 million residents, California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The City and County of San Francisco is both the country's second-most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth-most densely populated county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs.
The Irish are a Celtic nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 12,500 years according to archaeological studies. For most of Ireland's recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Anglo-Normans conquered parts of Ireland in the 12th century, while England's 16th/17th-century (re)conquest and colonisation of Ireland brought a large number of English and Lowland Scots people to parts of the island, especially the north. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland and the smaller Northern Ireland. The people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities including British, Irish, Northern Irish or some combination thereof.
Professor is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.
A consultant is a professional who provides expert advice in a particular area such as security, management, education, accountancy, law, human resources, marketing, finance, engineering, science or any of many other specialized fields.
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate or a license plate, is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register. In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates.
Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969) and earlier as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953). The Warren Court presided over a major shift in constitutional jurisprudence, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, Reynolds v. Sims, and Miranda v. Arizona. Warren also led the Warren Commission, a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, and as such the highest-ranking judge of the federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the President of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint a chief justice, who serves until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die.
His 1948 opinion in Perez v. Sharp was the first instance of a state supreme court striking down a statute prohibiting miscegenation. Traynor also wrote a 1952 opinion that abolished the defense of recrimination in the context of divorce and paved the way for the social revolution of no-fault divorce. But his most significant and well-known contribution to contemporary American law is probably his 1963 creation of true strict liability in product liability cases. An earlier generation of judges had cautiously experimented with legal fictions like warranties to avoid leaving severely injured plaintiffs without any recourse. Traynor simply threw those away and imposed strict liability as a matter of public policy.
Traynor was also noted for the quality of his writing and reasoning,  and was honored during his lifetime with membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (a rare honor for a judge).  Many of his opinions are still mandatory reading for American law students. Also, Traynor did not uniformly join all opinions that could be characterized as "liberal" or "progressive" during his time on the Court; for example, he filed a two-sentence dissent in the landmark case of Dillon v. Legg (1968),  which was a major step towards the modern tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress.
In the 1944 case of Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co.  ... Traynor introduced the idea of broad social fault. "I believe," Traynor wrote, "the manufacturer's negligence should no longer be singled out as the basis of a plaintiff's right to recover in cases like the present one." .... "Even if there is no negligence," Traynor wrote further, "public policy demands that responsibility be fixed wherever it will most effectively reduce the hazards to life and health inherent in defective products that reach the market." Note the appeal to the demands of public policy, rather than law .... While this line of reasoning might be the basis for a legislative debate over which public policies should be adopted to allocate and compensate for risk, Justice Traynor's opinion represents a clear case of legislation by judicial fiat.
On January 2, 1970, Traynor announced his retirement in order to avoid losing eligibility for retirement benefits under a California law that stripped judges of most benefits if they chose to remain on the bench past age 70.   He became chairman of the National News Council, concerned with freedom of the press.    Afterwards, he retired to Berkeley and subsequently died there in his home from cancer.
Perez v. Sharp , 32 Cal. 2d 711 (1948) overturning a state law prohibiting miscegenation, Civil Code Section 69. The Supreme Court of California was the first state supreme court to abolish such laws.
Pencovic v. Pencovic , 45 Cal. 2d 67 (1955) the rule that parents cannot evade their child support obligations through the invocation of freedom of religion by becoming ostensible religious gurus and founding religious communes.
Drennan v. Star Paving Co. , 51 Cal.2d 409, 333 P.2d 757 (1958). A party who has detrimentally relied on an offer that is revoked prior to acceptance may assert promissory estoppel to recover damages. This doctrine was incorporated into the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, but most jurisdictions have been loath to apply it except in cases involving general contractors relying on bids by subcontractors in competitive-bid contracts (similar to the facts in Drennan).
Vandermark v. Ford Motor Co. , 61 Cal. 2d 256 (1964) extension of such strict liability from manufacturers to retailers and all others involved in the "overall producing and marketing enterprise that should bear the cost of injuries resulting from defective products,"
↑ White, G. Edward (1987). "Introduction," in The Traynor Reader: A Collection of Essays by the Honorable Roger J. Traynor. San Francisco: The Hastings Law Journal, Hastings College of the Law.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Johnson, J. Edward (1966). History of Supreme Court, Vol 2, Justices, 1900-1950 (PDF). San Francisco, CA: Bancroft-Whitney Co. pp. 182–196. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Ledbetter, Les (May 17, 1983). "Roger J. Traynor, California Justice". New York Times. p. B7. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
↑ "Sales Taxes Cause Upset of Business". Madera Tribune (79). California Digital Newspaper Collection. 2 August 1933. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Officers to Collect Sales Tax Selected". San Bernardino Sun (39). California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 3 August 1933. p. 15. Retrieved October 3, 2017. Roger J. Traynor, on leave from the University of California law school, was named division chief yesterday.
↑ "Divide State for Sales Tax". San Bernardino Sun (39). California Digital Newspaper Collection. Associated Press. 9 August 1933. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Business Men Confer With State Board About Troublesome Sales Tax Features". San Bernardino Sun (39). California Digital Newspaper Collection. Associated Press. 12 August 1933. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Chief Explains New Sales Law: Director Traynor Clears Up Disputed Points," Los Angeles Times , 4 August 1933, 11.
↑ Braitman, Jacqueline R.; Uelmen, Gerald F. (2012). Justice Stanley Mosk: A Life at the Center of California Politics and Justice. McFarland. p. 48. ISBN 0786468416.
↑ "Has Another Try Complete Court". Madera Tribune (80). California Digital Newspaper Collection. 31 July 1940. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Dunlap, Jack W. (5 August 1940). "Politically Speaking: Warren Rebukes Olson, Governor Names Traynor, Youthful, Inexperienced". Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar (88). California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Traynor Accepted in Supreme Court, University Professor Takes Oath of Office". Madera Tribune. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 14 August 1940. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Dunlap, Jack W. (31 October 1940). "Politically Speaking: California is the Key State". Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar (9). California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Johnson's Vote Makes Record in California". Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar (20). California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 9 December 1940. p. 1. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Lynch Takes Mosk's Place, Swears Him In". Madera Tribune (79). California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1 September 1964. p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
1 2 Lawrence M. Friedman, A History of American Law 3rd ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), 551, 688. ISBN 0743282582. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Les Ledbetter, "Roger J. Traynor, California Justice", New York Times , 17 May 1983, B6. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Irving Younger, "Legal Writing All-Stars," ABA Journal 72, no. 12 (December 1986): 94-95.
↑ Stephen Hayward, "Golden Lawsuits in the Golden State", Regulation 17, no. 3 (Summer 1998).
↑ Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. (1944), 50 P.2d 436, 24 Cal. 2d 453.
↑ Roger J. Traynor, "The Supreme Court's Watch On The Law," in History of the Supreme Court Justices of California: Volume II, 1900-1950, ed. J. Edward Johnson, 206-211 (San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney Company, 1966), 211. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Reagan Has First Chance To Name a State Justice". Desert Sun (130). California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 5 January 1970. p. 8. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Coast Chief Justice to Resign; Reagan Will Choose Successor," New York Times , 3 January 1970, 7.
↑ "'Freedom of Press' Has Own Roadblocks". Desert Sun. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 3 July 1973. p. A3. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Florida Rule Threat to Freedom of Press". Desert Sun. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 10 November 1973. p. 3A. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ "Nixon's Charges Under Study". Desert Sun. California Digital Newspaper Collection. Capitol News Service. 17 November 1973. p. A4. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Warren Burger, "A tribute," California Law Review 71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1037-1038, Henry J. Friendly, "Ablest judge of his generation," California Law Review 71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1039-1044 and Edmund G. Brown, "A judicial giant," California Law Review 71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1053-1054.
↑ "Press release: Cooley Litigator, Michael Traynor, Named to American Academy of Appellate Lawyers". Marketwired.com. Cooley Godward LLP. April 12, 2006. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Michal Traynor profile. The American Law Institute. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
↑ Jeffrey Robert White, "Top 10 in torts: evolution in the common law," Trial 32, no. 7 (July 1996): 50-53.
High-resolution portrait from Bancroft Library archives. California Digital Library, Calisphere.
Burger, Warren (1983). "A Tribute". Cal. L. Rev. 71 (4): 1037–1038. doi:10.15779/Z386M9N . Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Friendly, Henry J. (1983). "Ablest Judge of His Generation". Cal. L. Rev. 71 (4): 1039–1044. doi:10.15779/Z382T7Q . Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Brown, Edmund G. (1983). "A Judicial Giant". Cal. L. Rev. 71 (4): 1053–1054. doi:10.15779/Z38PN04 . Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Roger J. Traynor. California Supreme Court Historical Society.
Opinions authored by Roger J. Traynor. Courtlistener.com.
Past & Present Justices. California State Courts.
John Downey Works was a U.S. Senator representing California from 1911 to 1917, and an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court from October 2, 1888, to January 5, 1891.
Morey Stanley Mosk was an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court for 37 years (1964–2001), and holds the record for the longest-serving justice on that court. Before sitting on the Supreme Court, he served as Attorney General of California and as a trial court judge, among other governmental positions. Mosk was the last Justice of the California Supreme Court to have served in non-judicial elected office prior to his appointment to the bench. The Los Angeles County Courthouse is named after him.
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Wiley William Manuel was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California from 1977 to 1981 and the first African American to serve on the high court.
Mathew Oscar Tobriner was an American labor attorney, law professor, and Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court from July 2, 1962, to January 20, 1982.
Perez v. Sharp, also known as Perez v. Lippold or Perez v. Moroney, is a 1948 case decided by the Supreme Court of California in which the court held by a 4–3 majority that the state's ban on interracial marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 24 Cal.2d 453, 150 P.2d 436 (1944), was a decision of the Supreme Court of California involving an injury caused by an exploding bottle of Coca-Cola. It was an important case in the development of the common law of product liability in the United States, not so much for the actual majority opinion, but for the concurring opinion of California Supreme Court justice Roger Traynor.
Erskine Mayo Ross was an American attorney and jurist from California. He served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in from 1895 until 1928, having assumed senior status in 1925. A native of Virginia, previously he was a judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of California and the Supreme Court of California. He is also one of the three founding fathers of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.
Dillon v. Legg, 68 Cal. 2d 728 (1968), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of California that established the tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress. To date, it is the most persuasive decision of the most persuasive state supreme court in the United States during the latter half of the 20th century: Dillon has been favorably cited and followed by at least twenty reported out-of-state appellate decisions, more than any other California appellate decision in the period from 1940 to 2005.
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of Acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.
Frank Kellogg Richardson was an American attorney and Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court.
Marshall Francis McComb was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California from January 1956 to May 2, 1977.
Malcolm Millar Lucas was the 26th Chief Justice of California. He was appointed to the position after his predecessor, Rose Bird, was removed by the electorate in 1986 for reasons including her staunch opposition to capital punishment, which was reflected in her voting for reversal in all 61 death penalty appeals that came before the Court during her tenure. He previously served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
John Evan Richards was an American attorney who served as an associate justice of the California Supreme Court from 1924 until 1932.
Maurice Timothy Dooling Jr. was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California from June 30, 1960 to June 30, 1962.
Raymond E. Peters was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California from March 26, 1959 to January 2, 1973.

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