Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-26-33271
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 10:23:57+00:00

Document:
We demonstrate the advantage of combining non-diffractive beam shapes and femtosecond bursts for volume laser processing of transparent materials. By re-distribution of the single laser pulse energy into several sub-pulses with 25 ns time delay, the energy deposition in the material can be enhanced significantly. Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis shows that in burst-mode detrimental defocusing by the laser generated plasma is reduced, and the non-diffractive beam shape prevails. At the same time, heat accumulation during the interaction with the burst leads to temperatures high enough to induce material melting and even in-volume cracks. In an exemplary case study, we demonstrate that the formation of these cracks can be controlled to allow high-speed and high-quality glass cutting.
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Fig. 1 a) Setup for the Bessel beam generation. The primary beam is produced with an axicon and projected to the focal region using a telescope setup with demagnification ratio M = f2/f1. b) Top-view micrographs of localized modification produced with 52 µJ Bessel beams in single-pulse mode (first row), or burst mode (second and third rows) were taken in transmission configuration using bright-field (left column), crossed-polarizers (center column), and phase-contrast illuminations (right column). In burst mode, four sub-pulses with 25 ns delay were employed. For all images, laser incidence was towards the plane of the figure, scanning was performed from left to right. The pulse duration was 450 fs (FWHM).
Fig. 2 Propagation of a Bessel beam produced by a 13 µJ 450 fs pulse at conical angle of θB=6.7°. a) The fluence distribution achieved in linear regime (all nonliearities set to zero) exceeds thresholds for self-focusing and photoionization by more than one order of magnitude. b) Fluence distribution in the nonlinear propagation regime. On the right, energy deposition maps obtained from fully nonlinear propagation for c) a single 13 µJ pulse at θB=6.7°, d) a single 52 µJ pulse at θB=6.7°, and a single 13 µJ pulse at θB=13.3°.
Fig. 3 Temperature maps after interaction with: a) a single 52 µJ pulse at θB=6.7°, b,c) cumulative action of a burst of 4×13 µJ pulses, propagating at b) θB=6.7° and c) θB=13.3°. Time delay between pulses in burst mode is 25 ns. Pulse duration of individual pulses is 450 fs. d) Temperature (red curves) and stress profiles (blue curves) produced in the xy plane at z=400 µm for 4×13 µJ bursts in different optical arrangements: after the first pulse for θB=13.3° (dashed line), after the fourth pulse at 75 ns for θB=13.3° (solid line) and θB=6.7° (dash-dotted line). In the inset, a scheme illustrating the stress components caused by thermal dilatation is shown.
Fig. 4 Average roughness Ra of the sidewall after cutting of Eagle glass using internal scribing technique as a function of conical angle θB. The following experimental parameters were used: a) Ep=80 µJ, 4 sub-pulses, θB=13.3°, l=0.86 mm, b) Ep=98 µJ, 4 sub-pulses, θB=12°, l=1.05 mm, c) Ep=126 µJ, 4 sub-pulses, θB=10°, l=1.52 mm, d) Ep=74 µJ, 5 sub-pulses, θB=6.7°, l=0.86 mm. In all cases, the pulse repletion rate was 25 kHz, and the sample was translated at a speed of 100 mm/s.
Fig. 5 Laser-induced cleaving of D263T glass by volume absorption of Bessel beams, Ep=70 µJ, 4 pulses per burst, θB=13.3°, 10 kHz, v=125 mm/s. a–b) microscopy images of laser entrance and exit surfaces, respectively. Black dots which result from initial laser modifications are joined by a thin crack on both surfaces. c) Top-view on the sample after cleaving reveals no chipping. d) Sidewalls have an average roughness Ra of less than 500 nm.

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