Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-6-8236
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 09:47:25+00:00

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In this work, a new approach based on the use of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) made of dielectric layers with alternating refractive indexes deposited inside a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed as a suitable platform for the excitation of Bloch surface waves (BSWs). The presence of an additional dielectric layer on the 1DPC modifies the local effective refractive index, enabling a direct manipulation of the BSWs. In particular, we investigate BSW resonance conditions in a 1DPC of alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2 deposited inside a three-hole suspended-core PCF to design an ultra-wide range refractive index sensor in the near infrared. The obtained simulation results indicate that BSW sensors based on PCF could be an alternative to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, with a ultrahigh sensing figure-of-merit, which might facilitate applications in high-resolution refractive index sensing.
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Fig. 1 (a) Designed 1DPC structure. Band diagrams for (b) TM polarization and (c) TE polarization. In the band diagrams: white regions are the forbidden bands, the solid and discontinuous black lines are, respectively, the light in the analyte and the substrate, the green and red lines are the calculated TM- and TE-polarized BSW dispersion curves, respectively, and orange lines highlight the spectral region of interest (Δλ = 1500 – 1600 nm). For the analysis, the analyte refractive index was assumed as nA = 1.33.
Fig. 2 Schematic of the Ge-doped suspended-core silica PCF with a TiO2/SiO2 4-period multilayer structure designed to sustain Bloch surface wave modes.
Fig. 3 Electric field distribution in the PCF with 1DPC: (a) core-guided mode, (b) TM-polarized BSW mode and (c) TE-polarized BSW mode. The insets present the electric-field of the Bloch waves along the 1DPC in the fiber central region. In general, for this structure, the TM-polarized BSWs have an evanescent tail that significantly penetrates the homogeneous external medium and therefore are of greater interest for sensing applications.
Fig. 4 Dispersion curves (dashed lines) of the modes and transmission spectra (blue solid lines) of the designed PCF with the 1DPC in CH1, assuming an analyte medium of nA = 1.33 and a 1DPC length of 1.0 mm and 0.7 mm for the TM- and TE-polarized BSWs, respectively: (a) y-polarized core-guided mode excites the TM-polarized BSW modes, (b) x-polarized core-guided mode excites the TE-polarized BSW. The insets correspond to the electric-field distributions of the excited TM- and TE-polarized BSW modes in the spectral ranges analyzed.
Fig. 5 Resonance wavelength of the BSW1 mode as a function of the top layer thickness with nA = 1.33. The blue and red curves represent the TM and TE modes, respectively.
Fig. 6 Transmission spectra as a function of the analyte refractive index for a TM-polarized BSW sensing structure based on three-hole suspended-core PCF with a 1DPC length of 1.5 mm.
Fig. 7 Operation of the TM-polarized BSW sensor based on three-hole suspended-core PCF with a 1DPC length of 1.5 mm in an ultra-wide refractive index range. (a) Resonance wavelength shift and (b) sensitivity.
Fig. 8 Transmission spectra of the sensing structure for five different sensor lengths.

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