Source: http://www.npnh.ru/modules/articles/print.php?id=13
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 00:45:54+00:00

Document:
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ No 5, 2018 г.
Проведены исследования, направленные на разработку комбинированных методов повышения качества моторных топлив. Рассмотрены варианты применения технологии экстракционной обработки для подготовки атмосферного газойля в качестве сырья для установки гидроочистки, очистки вакуумного газойля, получения компонента дизельного топлива из смеси атмосферного газойля и висбрекинга газойля.
Ключевые слова: экстракция, гидроочистка, рафинат, экстрагент, органические соединения серы.
Studies aimed at developing combined methods for improving the quality of motor fuels have been carried out. The variants of the application of the extraction treatment technology for the preparation of atmospheric gas oil as a raw material for the hydrotreatment unit, for vacuum gas oil purification, for obtaining the diesel fuel component from mixture of atmospheric gas oil and visbreaking gas oil are considered.
Keywords: extraction, hydrofining, raffinate, extractant, organic sulfur compounds.
1. Korelyakov L.V. Analysis of existing technological processes of motor and boiler fuels production with the purpose of the selection and justification of technologies for LLC "KINEF" reconstruction and development to increase the depth of oil refining, expanding the range and improving the quality of commercial products. M.: OJSC "CNIITEneftekhim", 2001, 168 p. (In Russ.).
2. Gaile A.A., Somov V.E., Zalishchevskii G.D. Selective solvents. Separation and purification of hydrocarbons. SPb: Khimizdat, 2008. 736 p. (In Russ.).
3. Kameshkov A.V., Fyedorov V.I., Semikin K.V. Semikin Influence of hydrodewaxing mode on the low-temperature properties of diesel cut. Refining and petrochemicals. Scientific-technical achievements and advanced experience. 2016, no. 4, рр. 3-7. (In Russ.).
4. Gaile A.A., Sayfidinov B.M. Alternative non-hydrogenated meth-ods of improving diesel fuel quality. St. Petersburg: SPbGTI (TU), 2009. 112 p. (In Russ.).
5. Akhmetov S.A. Technology of oil and gas deep processing: text-book for high schools. Ufa: Gilem, 2002. 672 p. (In Russ.).
6. Kaminski E.F., Osipov L.N., Khavkin V.A. and others. The development of technologies for deep hydrotreatment of diesel fuels and vacuum distillates at the refineries Russia. Oil and gas technology. 2001, no. 1, рр. 36-43. (In Russ.).
7. Gaile A.A., Somov V.E. The processes of separation and purifica-tion of products of oil and gas processing. St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2012. 376 p. (In Russ.).
8. Shishkin S.N. The development of chemical technological system in the combined process of diesel fuels hydrotreating: candidate’s thesis. St. Pe-tersburg, 2013. 135 p. (In Russ.).
9. Macaud M., Milenkovic A., Schulz E. at al. Hydrodesulfurization of alkyldibenzothiophenes: evidence of highly aromatic sulfur compounds. J. Catal. 2000, v. 193, no. 2, рр. 255-263.
10. Semenova O.I., Gaile A.A., Borutzky P.N. and others. Preparation of vacuum gas oil extraction as feed of hydrotreating unit. Izvestiya SPbGTI (TU). 2016, no. 36 (62), рр. 78-80. (In Russ.).
11. Semikin K. Extractive purification of hydro-treated gas oil with N-methylpyrrolidone. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82(00): 4-4 January 2017 in Article. (In Russ.).
12. Kameshkov A.V. Technology elaboration for obtaining of envi-ronmentally friendly winter and arctic diesel fuels: Thesis research for a scien-tific degree of PhD in Technical Sciences. SPb. 2016. 160 p. (In Russ.).
Показана актуальность исследования процесса регенерации ката-лизаторов риформинга в реакторах со стационарным и движущимся слоем. Важной составляющей для интенсификации данного процесса является стратегия системного анализа и метод математического моделирования. Данный подход позволяет проводить анализ и прогнозировать технологические показатели действующего производства, а также рассчитать оптимальные условия работы его основных узлов. В статье приведены исследования влияния мощности компрессорного оборудования на эффективность процесса выжига кокса, а также выполнены расчёты двух основных зон регенератора, которые в большей степени влияют на качество процесса регенерации – это зоны выжига и оксихлорирования.
Ключевые слова: катализатор, активность, дезактивация, регене-рация, риформинг, математическое моделирование.
The relevance the regeneration process studying of reforming catalysts in reactors with a fixed and moving bed is shown. An important component for this process intensification is the system analysis strategy and the mathematical modeling method. This approach allows to analyze and forecast the technological indicators of the current production, as well as to calculate the optimal operating conditions of its main units. The article studies the effect of compressor equipment on the efficiency of the coke burning process, and also calculates the two main regenerator zones, which largely affect the quality of the regeneration process — the burning and oxychlorination ones.
Keywords: catalyst, activity, deactivation, regeneration, reforming, mathematical modelling.
1. Ostrovsky N.M. The kinetics of deactivation of catalysts: mathe-matical models and their application. Moscow: Nauka, 2001. 334 p. (In Russ.).
2. Talyshinsky R.M. Kinetic aspects of deactivation of catalytic con-verters during long-term operation. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 2006, no. 1, рр. 35-37. (In Russ.).
3. Songbo Hea, Chenglin Sun, Xu Yanga, Bin Wang, Xihai Dai, Ziwu Bai Characterization of coke deposited on spent catalysts for long-chain-paraffin dehydrogenation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010, 163, рр. 389-394.
4. Meyers Robert A. (ed.) Handbook of petroleum refining processes 3-rd edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. 847 p.
5. Molotov K.V. Increase of efficiency of work of reactors of ri-forming of the big unit capacity with application of information-modeling complexes: the Author's abstract of the thesis of the candidate of technical sciences. Tomsk, 2012. (In Russ.).
6. Faleev S.A. Optimization of the process of reforming gasoline and on-stream flow in the reactor block, taking into account the balance of the ki-slit and metallic activity of the catalyst: Abstract of the thesis of Cand.Tech.Sci. Tomsk, 2013. (In Russ.).
7. Zanin I.K. Optimization of processes of regeneration of catalysts of reforming, dehydrogenation, hydrotreatment in apparatuses of circulation circuits: the Author's abstract of the thesis of a Cand.Tech.Sci. Tomsk, 2016. (In Russ.).
8. Molotov K.V., Ivanchina E.D., Kravtsov A.V., Faleyev S.A. De-velopment and application of technological criteria for assessing the stability and activity of Pt-catalysts for reforming by mathematical modeling. Oil refin-ing and petrochemistry. 2007, no. 6, рр. 18-22. (In Russ.).
9. Molotov K.V., Faleev S.A., Zanin I.K., Ivanchina E.D. The development of methods for the optimal supply of chlorine to reforming reactors based on the activity of the catalyst. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2012, no. 12, рр. 27-32. (In Russ.).
10. Molotov K.V., Koronatov N.N., Ivanchina E.D., Kravtsov A.V. Resource efficiency of the application of modeling systems on a physico-chemical basis in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2011, no. 2, рр. 3-6. (In Russ.).
11. Kostenko A.V., Molotov K.V., Ivanchina E.D., Kravtsov A.V., Faleev S.A. Development and application of technological criteria for assessing the stability and activity of Pt-catalysts for reforming by mathematical model-ing. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2007, no. 6, рр. 18-22. (In Russ.).
12. Froment G.F. Modeling of catalyst deactivation. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2001, v. 212, no. 1-2, рр. 117-128.
13. Ishmurzin A.V., Doroshchuk A.B., Yashin A.A., Marishev V.B., Osadchenko A.I. Features of the technology and the results of modernization of the catalytic reforming process. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2009, no. 4, рp.35-37. (In Russ.).
14. Ivanchina E.D., Chernyakova E.S., Faleev S.A., Koksharov A.G. Optimization of the modes of operation of the reforming catalysts using the mathematical modeling method. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2014, no. 10, рр. 25-29. (In Russ.).
15. Ivanchina E.D., Faleev S.A., Koksharov A.G., Chernyakova E.S., Chuzlov V.A., Glik P.A. Reduction of coke formation in the catalytic reforming reactor by optimization of the water-chlorine balance of the reaction zone. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2017, no. 10, рр. 19-26. (In Russ.).
Исследована зависимость выхода и состава тяжёлой смолы пиролиза от исходного углеводородного сырья и технологического режима. Показано, что при отношении к побочным продуктам, содержащим ценные углеводороды, как к целевым продуктам и сочетая технологический режим пиролиза и их состав, можно добиться наряду с максимальным выходом низкомолекулярных олефинов, значительного выхода тяжёлой смолы пиролиза и качественных изменений в её составе.
Ключевые слова: технологический режим, пиролиз, тяжёлая смола, олефины, этилен, пропилен, нафталин, бензин, ароматические углеводороды.
The dependence of the yield and composition of the heavy pyrolysis resin on the initial hydrocarbon feedstock and the technological regime is stud-ied. It is shown that with respect to by-products containing valuable hydrocar-bons, both to the target products and combining the technological pyrolysis re-gime and their composition, one can achieve along with the maximum yield of low molecular weight olefins, significant yield of heavy pyrolysis resin and qualitative changes in its composition.
Keywords: technological regime, pyrolysis, heavy pitch, olefins, eth-ylene, propylene, naphthalene, gasoline, aromatic hydrocarbons.
1. Lytvintsev I.Yu. Pyrolysis. Chemical Journal. 2006, no. 5, pp. 42-46.
2. Zhagfarov F.G., Guskov P.O., Lapidus A.L. Trends in the pro-cessing of gas hydrocarbon feedstock in the pyrolysis process. Gazokhimiya. 2011, no. 3-4 (19-20), рр. 26-31. (In Russ.).
3. Patent 2002126609A RF, 2004. Inventor A.J. Baumgartner, Puy-Ewen Jeffrey Chan, Denny Yuk-Kwan Ngan. Pyrolysis of crude oil and frac-tions of crude oil containing pitch.
4. Andreeva M.M. Coke formation during pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-native raw materials. Bulletin of Kazan University. 2014. v. 17, no. 2, рp. 279-280. (In Russ.).
5. Solodova N.L., Abdullin A.I. Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials. Kazan: KNITU Publishing House, 2007. 239 p. (In Russ.).
6. Sadigov F.M., Maharramova Z.Yu., Hajiyev G.N., Heydarly N.I., Jahandarov Sh.J., Mamedova I.G. Rational complex processing of light tar ob-tained by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2017, no. 7, рp. 21-24. (In Russ.).
7. Dumsky Yu.V., Cherednikova G.F., Dumsky S.Yu. New processes of the qualified use of liquid by-products of pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials. Izvestiya Volgograd State Technical University. 2014, no. 1, рр. 80-82. (In Russ.).
8. Salakhov I.I. Pyrolysis of straight-run gasoline with the addition of hydrogen in the production of lower olefins: candidate’s thesis. Kazan State Technological University, 2005, 171 p. (In Russ.).
9. Maharramov A.M., Akhmedova R.A., Akhmedova N.F. Petrochemical industry and oil refining. Baku: Baky University Publishing House, 2009, 660 p.
10. Lavrentieva T.A., Karatun O.N. Influence of the ratio of water vapor: raw materials to the yield of the target products of the pyrolysis process of the propane-butane fraction in the presence of pentasil-containing catalysts. Bulletin of the Astrakhan State Technical University. 2009, no. 1 (48), рр. 42-46. (In Russ.).
11. Sadigov F.M., Maharramova Z.Yu., Hajiyev G.N., Heydarly N.I, Sadygova N.S., Gakhramanov G.S. Processing of heavy pyrolysis resin for the purpose of solving environmental problems. Proceedings of the Republican scientific conference devoted to the 80th anniversary of the Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry. Baku, 2016, рр. 452-453.
12. Sadigov F.M., Magerramova Z.Yu., Hajiyev G.N., Huseynov I.A, Geidarly N.I., Gasan-zade G.G. Investigation of the ways of extraction of naphthalene from the heavy pyrolysis resin. Abstracts of the Baku International Mammad-Lie Conference. Baku, 2016, р. 137.
Высокое содержание тяжёлых углеводородных компонентов в сырье для процесса низкотемпературной паровой конверсии определяет высокие требования одновременно к активности и термостойкости катализаторов. Исследованы свойства катализатора паровой конверсии природного газа серии КМ, обладающего высокой термостойкостью и низким содержанием никеля, в конверсии модельной метан-пропановой смеси. Показано, что катализатор серии КМ активен в низкотемпературной паровой конверсии лёгких углеводородов при температурах 280-320°C и скорости подачи сырья 1500-3000 см3·гкат-1·ч-1. Активность катализатора серии КМ сопоставима с активностью промышленного катализатора метанирования НИАП-07-05, который содержит существенно больше никеля в своем составе.
High content of heavy hydrocarbons in feedstock for low temperature steam reforming requires both high activity and thermal stability of the catalyst. In this work the properties of natural gas steam reforming KM-series catalyst with low nickel content and high thermal stability were studied in low-temperature steam reforming of model methane-propane mixture. It was shown, that KM-series catalyst is active at temperature of 280-320°C and feedstock flow rate of 1500-3000 h-1. Activity of the KM-series catalyst is close to that of industrial methanation NIAP-07-05 catalyst, which contains a sufficiently higher amount of nickel.
Keywords: low-temperature steam reforming, nickel-containing cata-lyst, thermodynamic analysis, methanation catalyst, prereforming catalyst, cata-lyst deactivation.
3. Zyryanova M.M., Snytnikov P.V., Shigarov A.B., Belyaev V.D., Kirillov V.A., Sobyanin V.A. Low temperature catalytic steam reforming of propane–methane mixture into methane-rich gas: Experiment and macrokinetic modeling. Fuel. 2014, no. 135, рр. 76-82.
4. Zyryanova M.M., Snytnikov P.V., Amosov Yu.I., Belyaev V.D., Kireenkov V.V., Kuzin N.A., Vernikovskaya M.V., Kirillov V.A., Sobyanin V.A. Upgrading of associated petroleum gas into methane-rich gas for power plant feeding applications. Technological and economic benefits. Fuel. 2013, no. 108, pp. 282-291.
5. Cross J., Jones G., Kent M.A. An introduction to pre-reforming catalysis. Nitrogen+Syngas. 2016, no. 341, рр. 40-48.
9. Golosman E.Z., Efremov V.N. Industrial catalysts for the hydro-genation of carbon oxides, Catal. Ind. 4 (2012) 267-283.
11. Bertau M., Offermanns H., Plass L., Schmidt F., Wernicke H. Methanol: The basic chemical and energy feedstock of the future: Asinger's vi-sion today. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2014. 677 p.
12. Konstantinov G.I., Kurdyumov S.S., Maksimov Yu.V., Buchtenko O.V., Tsodikov M.V. Hydrogen Sulfide-Resistant Bifunctional Catalysts for the Steam Reforming of Methane: Activity and Structural Evolution, Catal. Ind. 10 (2018) 1-8.
13. Uskov S.I., Enikeeva L.V., Potemkin D.I., Belyaev V.D., Snytnikov P.V., Gubaidullin I.M., Kirillov V.A., Sobyanin V.A. Kinetics of low-temperature steam reforming of propane in a methane excess on a Ni-based catalyst, Catal. Ind. 9 (2017) 104-109.
Изучены реакции циклоалкилирования пара-хлорфенола 1-метилциклогексеном в присутствии катализатора КУ-23. Установлено, что при оптимальном режиме выход целевого 2-(1-метилциклогексил)-4-хлорфенола составляет 71,5% от теории, а селективность — 95,4% по це-левому продукту. В качестве термостабилизатора полипропилена испытан 2-(1-метилциклогексил)-4-хлорфенол.
Ключевые слова: пара-хлорфенол, 1-метилциклогексен, катали-затор, алкилирование, полипропилен, термостабилизатор, 2-(1-метилциклогексил)-4-хлорфенол.
In the article were given the results the cycloalkylation reaction of p-chlorophenol with 1-methylcyclohexene in the presence of КУ-23catalyst. It was determined that in the optimum regime the yield of the 2-(1-methylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorophenol is 71,5% according to the theory and the selectivity is 95,4% according to the target product. Synthesized of 2(1-methyl cyclohexyl)-4-chlorophenol tested as thermostabilization of polypropylene.
Keywords: para-chlorophenol, 1-methylcyclohexene, catalyst, alkyla-tion, polypropylene, thermostabilization, 2-(1-metylcyclohexyl)-4-chlorophenol.
1. Selezneva I.E., Levin A.Ya., Trofimova G.L., Ivanova O.V. New super-alkaline alkyl phenol additive to engine oils. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 2009, no. 4, рp. 10-12. (In Russ.).
2. Kazimzade A.K., Nagieva E.A., Farzaliev V.M. Detergent-dispersing alkylphenolate additive to motor oils. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 2012, no. 12, P. 44-12. (In Russ.).
3. Khusunutdinov R.I., Shadneva N.A., Khisamova L.F. Alkylation of aromatic compounds by 1-bromadamantane under the action of metal-complex catalysts. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2015, v. 51, no. 11, pp. 1576-1581.
4. Maharramov A.M., Bayramov M.R., Agaev M.A., Mamedova I.G. Al-ketnilphenols: obtaining, transforming, applying. Uspekhi Khimii. 2011, v. 80, no. 7, рp. 715-736.
5. Javadova A.A., Yusifova A.R., Yusifzade G.G. Protective proper-ties of new modifiers of alkyl phenol additives. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2014, no. 9, pр. 46-49. (In Russ.).
6. Smirnova A.I., Zhuk N.A. Functional materials in the production of plastics: Stabilizers: Textbook. St. Petersburg: VShTES-PSPUPS, 2016. 48 p. (In Russ.).
7. Linkova T.S. Technology for the preparation of polyoxypropylated aromatic amines: candidate’s thesis. Kazan, 2016. 130 p. (In Russ.).
Ключевые слова: природные нефтяные кислоты, ионные жидко-сти, N-метил-пирролидон гидросульфат, аллиловый эфир.
The optimal conditions of the reaction esterification of natural oil ac-ids by allyl alcohol in presence of ion liquid N-methylpyrrolydone hydrosul-phate have been investigated. It have been determined that the received allyl ester of the natural oil acid have the high yield (90%) and the less duration of reaction (2,5-3 hours). The structure of synthesized compounds was testified by method of IR-spectroscopy.
Keywords: natural oil acids, ion liquids, N-methylpyrrolydone hydrosulphate, allyl ester.
1. Chen W., Yinpei W., Jin C. et al., High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion of typical steels. Canadian Journal on Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2011, v. 2 (2), pp. 23-29.
2. Liang C.C., Chen X.H., Zhin-bin A.L. Overview of the mechanism of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion and Its Influencing Factors. Preure vessel technology (China). 2008, v. 25 (5), pp. 30-36.
3. Qud R., Zheng Y.G., Jing H.M., Yao Z.M. High temperature naphthenic acid corrosion and sulphidic corrosion of Q235 and 5Cr12Mo steels in synthetic refining media. Journal Corrosion Science. 2006, v. 48, pp. 1960-1985.
4. Mamedova T.A., Abbasov V.M., Veliev Kh.R. et al. Synthesis of ethylene-lycole esters of petroleum acids and their use as additives to diesel fuels. Petrochemistry. 2011, v. 51, no. 3, рp. 233-236.
5. Deineko P.S., Vasileva E.N., Popova O.V. et al. Naphtenic acid as antiwear additives for jet fuels. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 1994, v. 30, no. 9-10, рp. 343-345.
6. Kerimov P.M., Iskenderova O.M., Agaev B.K., Zeynalov E.B. Synthesis and study of mono-esters based on trimethylolpropane of natural naphthenic and α-naphthylacetic acids in the presence of nano-TiO2 (PC-500) catalyst. Azerb. Oil Economy. 2014, no. 3, рр. 46-50.
7. Abbasov V.M., Mursalov N.I., Aliyeva I.I., Abdullaeva E.G., Mah-Mudova L.A. Nitrogen derivatives of naphthenic acids are effective inhibitors of corrosion. Processes of petrochemistry and oil refining. 2007, no. 3 (30) (special issue), рp. 19-22.
8. Abbasov V.M., Mamedkhanova S.A., Efendieva L.M., Ismailov T.A., Research of petroleum-collecting properties of hydroxyesters of synthetic petroleum acids. Processes of petrochemistry and oil refining. 2013, v.14, no. 4 (56), рр. 332-338.
9. Olivier-Bourbigou H., Magna L. Ionic liquids. Perspectives for or-ganic and catalytic reactions. J.Mol.Catal. 2002, v. 419-437, рp.182-183.
10. Kustov L.M., Belitskaya I.P. "Creen chemistry" New thinking. Russian Chemical Journal. 2004, no. 6, pр. 3-12. (In Russ.).
11. Dongbin Z., Min W., Yuan K. Ionic liquids: Applications in catalysis. Catalysis Today. 2002, v.74, pр. 157-189.
12. Giernoth R. Homogenous catalysis in ionic liquids. Top Cuur. Chem. 2007, v. 276, pp.1-23.
13. Mamedova N.A., Abbasov V.M., Akhmedova S.Z., Rzaeva N.S., Kerimov P.N., Talybov A.G., Shakhmamedova A.G. Synthesis of allyl and pro -pargyl ester of natural petroleum acids in the presence of an ionic liquid as catalysts. World of Oil Products. Bulletin of Oil Companies. 2015, no. 8, рp. 26-32. (In Russ.).
14. Aghabarari B., Dorostkar N., Ghiaci M., Amini.S.G. Esterification of fatty acids by new ionic liquids as acid catalysts Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2014, no. 45, Is. 2, pp. 431-435.
15. Akhmedova S.Z., Abbasov V.M., Talybov A.G., Suleimanova S.A., Seidova S.A. The esterification of heptanoic acid with primary alcohols catalyzed by N-methylpyrrolidone with hydrogen sulfate. Jour. chemical prob-lems. 2016, no. 3, pр. 26-32.
16. Methods determination of acidity and acid number State standard 5985-79.
17. Dongbin Z., Min W., Yuan K., Enze M. Ionic liquids: applications in catalysis. Catalysis Today. 2002, v. 74, no. 1-2, pp. 157-189.
Исследован процесс получения высокосернистой присадки к смазочным материалам. Определены оптимальные условия проведения процесса, позволяющие получить присадку с содержанием химически связанной серы до 31% мас. Полученная присадка позволяет улучшить трибологические свойства смазочных материалов.
Ключевые слова: высокосернистая присадка, смазочные материа-лы.
The process of obtaining a high-sulfur additive to lubricating materials was studied. The optimum conditions of the process, which allow to receive additive which contains chemically bound sulfur to 31%, were deter-mined. The obtained additive makes it possible to improve the tribological properties of lubricating materials.
Keywords: high-sulfur additive, lubricating materials.
Исследованы оксиметиловые эфиры ди- и тритиоугольных кис-лот, в присутствии каталитических количеств минеральных кислот, при этом выявлено, что полученные оксидиметиленбисксантогенаты и -тритиокарбонаты, а также этиленбисбутилтритиокарбонат, полученный на основе дихлорэтана, обладают довольно высокими противозадирными свойствами и хорошо сочетаются в композиции с противоизносной при-садкой ДФ-11, что приводит коррозионность масел к пределам допусти-мых норм 1а-2а.
Ключевые слова: ксантогенаты, тритиокарбонаты, оксиметиловые эфиры, присадки, смазочные масла.
Oxymethyl esters of di- and trithioureacids were studied in the pres-ence of catalytic amounts of mineral acids, and it was found that the obtained oxydimethylene bis xanthogenates and -trithiocarbonates, as well as ethylene bisbutyltrithiocarbonate obtained on the basis of dichloroethane, had rather high load-carrying properties and combined well with the anti-wear additive ДФ -11, which leads to the corrosion of oils to the limits of permissible norms 1a-2a.
Keywords: xanthogenates, trithiocarbonates, oximethyl ethers, addi-tives, lubricating oils.
1. Kuliev A.M., Gasymova G.A., Yusifov Ch.A., Kuliyeva M.A., Aliev F.Yu. Ethers of xanthogen and dithiocarbamic acids as additives to lubricating oils. Petrochemistry. 1987, v. XXVII, no. 6, р. 829.
2. Esters of trithioureac acids as extreme pressure additives to lubri-cating oils. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecology in Oil Re-fining and Petrochemistry. Kazan, 1995, р. 265 (In Russ.).
3. Gadzhieva I.B., Novotorgina N.N., Aliev A.B. Additives to lubri-cating oils based on derivatives of xanthogen and trithioure acids. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2009, no 2, рр. 39-41. (In Russ.).
4. Synthesis and study of derivatives of dithiophosphoric and xanthogenic acids as additives to gear oils. Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual problems of natural and mathematical sciences in the current conditions of the country's development". St. Petersburg. 2015, рp. 41-44. (In Russ.).
5. Musaeva B.I., Kakhramanova G.A., Novotorgina N.N. et al. Investigation of the anti-wear properties of esters of dithiophosphoric acids. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2015, no. 7, рр. 38-39. (In Russ.).
Синтезированы симметричные, несимметричные, диэфиры 2,3 (бицикло /2.2.1/ гепт-5-ен) диметанола с алифатическими монокарбоновыми кислотами С5-С9. Определены физико-химические, вязкостно-температурные, термоокислительные и смазывающие свойства данных эфиров. Установлено, что они отличаются хорошими эксплуатационными характеристиками, отвечают требованиям к маловязким авиационным маслам. Исследовано влияние двойной связи в цикле на свойства синтезированных эфиров и выявлено, что гидрированные эфиры мало отличаются от негидрированных аналогов. Также изучена зависимость между химической структурой и свойствами полученных соединений.
Ключевые слова: эфиры бициклических диолов, смазочные масла, эксплуатационные свойства, химическая структура эфиров, корреляционная зависимость.
Symmetric, unsymmetrical, diesters of 2,3 (bicyclo 2.2.1/hept-5-ene) dimethanol with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids C5-C9 are synthesized. The physicochemical, viscosity-temperature, thermo-oxidative and lubricating prop-erties of these esters are determined. It is established that they meet good per-formance characteristics, meet the requirements for low-viscosity aviation oils. The effect of the double bond in the cycle on the properties of the synthesized esters was studied and it was found that the hydrogenated ethers differ little from the unhydrogenated analogues. A relationship between the chemical structure and the properties of the compounds obtained was also studied.
Keywords: esters of bicyclic diols, lubricating oils, performance prop-erties, chemical structure of esters, correlation dependence.
1. Mamedyarov M.A., Alieva F.Kh., Gurbanov G.N. Sinteticheskaya smazochniye masla (strukturoy i svoystva) [Synthetic lubricating oils (structure and properties]. Moscow: Nauchniy mir- The scientific world, 2017, 336 р. (In Russ.).
2. Danilov A.M. Introduction to the chemometology. Moscow: Pub-lishing House Technique, 2003, 464 p. (In Russ.).
3. Mamedyarov M.A., Gurbanov H.N., Yusifova L.M. Esters of oxypropylated cyclic diols as the basis and component of the synthetic oils. Processes of petrochemistry and oil refining. 2017, v.18, no. 2, pp.144-147.
4. Onischenko A.S. Diene synthesis. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1963, p. 649. (In Russ.).
5. Mamedyarov M.A., Gurbanov G.N., Guliyeva E.M., Suleymanova G.N., Gulu-zade F.A. The synthesis of vicinal substituting cyclohexanol other complexes and their study as lubricants meeting modern National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. Reports, 2015, no. 1, pp.47-51.
6. Mammadyarov M.A., Gurbanov H.N., Aliyeva F.Kh. Esters of cyclic diols as the basis and component of the synthetic lubricating oils. Science Magazine «Austria-science». 2017, no. 4, pp.60-62.
7. Butov G.M., Zorina G.I., Popov N.I. Research of the process of hydration of phenol to cyclohexanol. Oil refining and petrochemistry. 2007, no. 7, pp. 30-33. (In Russ.).
8. Vipper A.B., Vilenkin A.V., Geisner D.A. Foreign oils and addi-tives. Moscow: Chemistry, 1981, p. 192. (In Russ.).
9. Buyanovsky I.Ya. The theory of boundary lubrication: the initial period. Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils. 1996, no. 1. рp. 46-49. (In Russ.).
10. Patent 2186386, Russia, 2002.
11. Yanovsky L.S., Ezhov V.M., Molokanov A.A., Kolybelsky D.S. Domestic and foreign lubricating oils for aircraft engines. World of oil products. 2012, no. 9, рp.6-11. (In Russ.).
Представлен опыт АО «Газпромнефть-МНПЗ» по снижению техногенных рисков и повышению операционной эффективности НПЗ путём перехода к Технологии безопасной ресурсосберегающей эксплуатации оборудования на основе АСУ БЭР™ КОМПАКС®, которая в наиболее полном виде в реальном времени реализует принципы промышленного интернета вещей (IIoT) и цифровой экономики Индустрии 4.0, ставшие сегодня наиболее важными тенденциями в промышленности.
Ключевые слова: безопасность, риск, мониторинг, диагностика, техническое состояние оборудования, Индустрия 4.0, промышленный интернет вещей (IIoT), М2M.
SAFE RESOURCE-SAVING OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT – STRATEGY OF TECHNOGENIC SAFETY IMPROVEMENT AND OPERATING EFFICIENCY OF JSC " GAZPROMNEFT - MOSCOW REFINERY"
The paper presents the experience of the Gazprom Neft Moscow Re-finery in reducing the technogenic risks and improving its operational efficiency by transiting to the Technology of Safe and Resource-Saving Operation and Maintenance of Machinery based on the COMPACS® Automated Control System being the most complete real-time implementation of the principles of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the Industry 4.0 digital economy, which today are essential trends to the industry.
Keywords: safety, risk, monitoring, diagnostics, equipment state-of-health, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), М2M.
1. URL: http://www.gazprom-neft.ru/files/documents/pir-pasport.pdf. Date of application: March 14, 2018.
2. Kostyukov V.N., Makhutov N.A., Kostyukov A.V. Real-time machinery health and operation risk monitoring - the basis of industrial safety. Collection: Federal Directory. Moscow: Tsentr Strategicheskogo partnerstva [Center of Strategic Partnership], vol. 26., 2012. pp. 321-326. (In Russ.).
3. Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Boychenko S.N. Improvement of pump-compressor equipment reliability through failure and operation risk monitoring. Nasosy i oborudovanie. Nauchno-praktichesky zhurnal [Pumps and Equipment. Journal of Research and Practice]. 2014, no. 4-5, pp. 28-31. (In Russ.).
4. Kostyukov V.N. Production safety monitoring. Moscow: Mashi-nostroenie [Mechanical Engineering], 2002, 224 p. (In Russ.).
5. Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P. and others. Experience in implementation and operation of hazardous equipment monitoring systems. Khimicheskay tekhnika [Chemical Engineering], 2012, no. 12, рр. 24-28. (In Russ.).
6. Kostyukov A.V., Kostyukov V.N. Improvement of enterprise op-erational efficiency through real-time monitoring. Moscow: Mashinostroenie [Mechanical Engineering], 2009, 192 pp. (In Russ.).
7. GOST 32106-2013. Condition monitoring and diagnostics of ma-chines. Hazardous equipment monitoring. Vibration generated by rotodynamic pump and compressor units. (In Russ.).
8. Malov A.E., Shatalov A.A., Bronfin I.B., Dolgopyatov V.N., Kostyukov V.N., Boychenko S.N., Meling A.Ya. Efficiency of permanently installed vibration-based diagnostic systems implemented at the Omsk Refinery. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti [Occupational Safety in Industry], 1997, no. 1, рp. 9-15. (In Russ.).
Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по ин-тенсификации теплообмена в опытном двухтрубчатом аппарате за счёт рециркуляции части потока нагреваемой нефтегазоконденсатной смеси от 10 до 30%, при котором температура смеси на выходе из теплообменника дополнительно повышается до 12-14°С.
Ключевые слова: нефтегазоконденсатная смесь, рециркуляция потока, теплообмен, нагревание, температура, вязкость, скорость потока, критерий Рейнольдса, ламинарный режим, переходный режим, теплообменник, энергоэффективность.
The experimental results for enhancement of heat exchange in the experimental double-tube apparatus by recycling part of the flow of the heated mixture of oil and gas condensate from 10 to 30%, аt which temperature the mixture leaving the heat exchanger is additional increased to 12-14°C.
Keywords: oil-gas mixture flow recirculation heat, heating, temperature, viscosity, flow rate, the Reynolds number, laminar, transitional, a heat exchanger, the energy efficiency.
1. Glagoleva O.F., Kapustin V.M., Gyulmisaryan T.G. and others. The technology of oil refining. In 2 parts. Part one. Primary oil refining, Ed. O.F. Glagoleva and V.M. Kapustina. Moscow: Chemistry, ColosS, 2006, 400 p. (In Russ.).
2. Faramazov S.A. Equipment of oil refineries and its operation. Moscow: Chemistry, 1978, p. 163. (In Russ.).
3. Ismailov O.Yu., Khudaiberdiev A.A. The study of the process of heating of oil by hydrocarbon vapors in an experimental tubular heat exchanger. International Scientific and Technical Journal "Chemical Technology. Control and management». 2012, no. 5, рр. 23-27.
4. Scoblo A.I., Molokanov Yu.K., Vladimirov A.I., Shchelkunov V.A. Processes and apparatuses of oil refining and petrochemistry: A textbook for higher education. 3rd ed., Revised. and additional. Moscow: Nedra, 2000, 678 p. (In Russ.).
5. Ismailov O.Yu., Khudaiberdiev A.A., Gazieva F.N. Determination of the viscosity of hydrocarbon raw materials. Uzbek chemical journal. 2012, no. 3, рр. 25-27.
Рассмотрено повышение эффективности работы дизельных дви-гателей за счёт применения катализаторов топлива. Приведены результаты стендовых и эксплуатационных испытаний катализатора топлива КТ-14Д, показывающие эффективность улучшения механизма горения дизельного топлива за счёт предварительной обработки дизельного топлива в двигателе внутреннего сгорания.
Ключевые слова: исследование, катализатор, дизтопливо, двига-тель, транспорт, расход топлива.
The increase in the efficiency of diesel engines due to the use of fuel catalysts is considered. The results of bench and operational tests of the KT-14D fuel catalyst are shown, which show the efficiency of improving the combustion mechanism of diesel fuel by pre-processing diesel fuel in an internal combustion engine.
Keywords: research, catalyst, diesel fuel, engine, automobile, fuel consumption.
1. Manovyan A.K.. Technology of processing of natural energy carriers. Moscow: Chemistry, KolosS, 2004. (In Russ.).
2. Patent for utility model 163811, RF, IPC F02M 27/02. No. 2015113698; claimed. 14.04.2015; publ. 08/10/2016. Bul. No. 22. Rubeyzhansky P.N., Lyubenko P.I., Makarenko N.G. Catalyst of fuel.
3. Nefedov D.V. et al. Fundamentals of Scientific Research and Testing of Special Purpose Vehicles: A Textbook. MO RF. Omsk: OABII, 2015. 399 p. (In Russ.).

References: v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v.