Source: http://blog.federaldefendersny.org/second-circuit-holds-that-nypl-%C2%A7-220-31-5th-degree-criminal-sale-of-a-controlled-substance-is-not-a-controlled-substance-offense-under-ussg-4b1-2b/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 08:22:30+00:00

Document:
(3) NY Penal Law § 220.31 is indivisible (as the Second Circuit had already held in Harbin v. Sessions), so a court must presume that a defendant convicted under § 220.31 sold HCG.
Any NY state statute that just uses the term “controlled substance” (as opposed to, say “narcotic drug”) IS NOT a controlled substance offense.The most common such statutes are: § 220.31 (criminal sale 5th); § 220.06(1) (criminal possession 5th); § 220.34(7) and (8) (criminal sale 4th); § 220.48 (criminal sale to child); § 220.65 (criminal sale by practitioner); § 220.77(1) (operating as major trafficker).
Statutes from other states with overbroad drug schedules may not qualify, depending on whether or not the statute is divisible, and whether the government has Shepard documents showing the particular substance sold.States that are known to have overbroad schedules include California, Connecticut, Kansas, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. However, there may be others.
Often, the good law on divisibility and overbreadth appears in immigration cases involving the “controlled substance offense” ground of removability. If you have an out-of-state drug prior, you will want to take a close look at overbreadth.
N.B. The Federal Defenders represents Mr. Townsend.

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