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Timestamp: 2019-04-19 05:18:29+00:00

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Case:   INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION V. J-T TRANSPORT CO.
RAILWAY CO., V. REDDISH 368 U.S. 81 INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION V.
REDDISH 368 U.S. 81 ARKANSAS-BEST FREIGHT SYSTEM V. REDDISH 368 U.S.
NO. 17.  ARGUED OCTOBER 17-18, 1961 - DECIDED DECEMBER 4, 1961* - 185 F.
SUPP. 838; 188 F. SUPP. 160, AFFIRMED.
AL. V. REDDISH ET AL., NO. 53, INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION V.
REDDISH ET AL., AND NO. 54, ARKANSAS-BEST FREIGHT SYSTEM, INC., ET AL.
THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS, ARGUED OCTOBER 18, 1961.
CASES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION.  HELD:  THE JUDGMENTS ARE AFFIRMED.
MUST BE WEIGHED AGAINST THE ADEQUACY OF EXISTING SERVICES.  P. 88.
THE EXPENSE OF THE SHIPPERS' IN A MANNER NOT INTENDED BY CONGRESS.  PP.
DISTINCT NEEDS OF THE SHIPPER THAN THE PROTESTANTS.  P. 90.
WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICY.  PP. 91-92.
SERVICE THAT IS DESIRED.  PP. 92-93.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION V. J-T TRANSPORT CO., INC., ET AL.
F. SUPP. 838; 188 F. SUPP. 160.
CARRIAGE OF AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR BULKHEADS FOR BOEING AIRPLANE CO.
OF THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT AS AMENDED, 71 STAT.  411, 49 U.S.C.
NEVER HAD HAD THE BUSINESS IN QUESTION.
CARRIERS, APPELLANTS IN NO. 49.
THE REDDISH APPLICATION WERE DENIED THEY WOULD USE PRIVATE CARRIAGE.
AUTHORITY TO THIS CONTRACT CARRIER.  81 M.C.C. 35.
OUR DECISION IN UNITED STATES V. CONTRACT STEEL CARRIERS, 350 U.S.
CAUSED CONCERN TO THE COMMISSION WHICH PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE ACT.
TYPE OF SERVICE FOR WHICH A NEED HAS BEEN SHOWN."
DELEGATION TO IT OF RESPONSIBILITY.
IT SAID THAT THE APPLICANT HAD NOT SHOWN THAT THE SERVICE OF U.S.A.C.
REASONABLY ADEQUATE SERVICE UPON REQUEST."  81 M.C.C. 35, 42.
SHIPPERS SHOULD SEEK RELIEF FOR THEIR REDUCTION.  81 M.C.C. 35, 42-43.
VEHICLES AND CARRIERS BY RAIL, WE HELD IN SCHAFFER TRANSPORTATION CO.
RATE ADVANTAGE AND IF SO WHETHER SUCH ADVANTAGE ESTABLISHES A "NEED"
ISSUES THAT FALL FAR SHORT OF A RATE PROCEEDING.
1957 AMENDMENTS CHANGED THE RESULT OF OUR DECISION IN UNITED STATES V.
CUSTOMER" THAT THE CONTRACT CARRIER IS DESIGNED TO FILL.  SEC.
RENDER THE SERVICE ARE NOT THE END OF THE MATTER.  THE "DISTINCT NEED"
SERVICES" OF THE PROTESTING CARRIERS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SEC.
AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON THEM ONLY IN THE UNUSUAL CASE.
U.S. 1, 15-17.  ACCORDINGLY THE JUDGMENTS BELOW ARE AFFIRMED.
FOREIGN COMMERCE, 85TH CONG., 1ST SESS., P. 6.
COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, 85TH CONG., 1ST SESS., P.
UNABLE TO PERFORM A GIVEN SERVICE."  ID., P. 303.
THE REQUIRED TYPES OF SERVICE SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN."
NEED OF EACH INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER."
DECLARATION OF POLICY."  54 STAT. 899.
SECS. 203(A)(15) AND 209(B) OF THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT, 49 U.S.C.
COMMISSION IS SAID TO HAVE INJECTED AN INADMISSIBLE "SIXTH CRITERION"
INTO THE FIVE FACTORS DESIGNATED BY CONGRESS IN THE REVISED SEC.
DID NOT MEET THE STANDARD OF SPECIFIC NEEDS IN AMENDED SEC.
BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE LOSS OF POTENTIAL TRAFFIC.
SUCH COMMISSION ACTION AS IS NOW BEFORE US.
EVEN THE MOST MINIMAL STANDARDS OF SAFETY OR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY.
PORTION WHICH LACKS THE BUTTERFATS TO HIS COMMON-CARRIER COMPETITOR.
CONG., 1ST SESS. 17 (1935).
CARRIER ACT OF 1935 (NOW INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT, PART II).  SEE H.R.
WERE REQUIRED TO HOLD THEMSELVES OUT TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, SECS.
203(A)(14), 207, UNDER JUST AND NONDISCRIMINATORY TARIFFS, SECS.
GENERALIZED QUALIFICATIONS NEEDED TO OBTAIN A CONTRACT-CARRIER PERMIT.
INTERSTATE OR FOREIGN COMMERCE ..  .""
IS DESIGNED AND CONFINED WITH THAT END IN VIEW ..  .
FILING OF CONTRACTS BY CONTRACT CARRIERS, 20 M.C.C. 8, 11 (1939).
INTENSIFIED  ..  .""  1 M.C.C., AT 631.
CARRIER TRANSPORTATION IN CIRCUMSTANCES SUCH AS ARE HERE DISCLOSED."
PRODUCED CONSISTENT RULINGS EXACTLY AKIN TO THOSE NOW CHALLENGED HERE.
INTEREST OR NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICY.
R.L. SMITH CONTRACT CARRIER APPLICATION, 1 M.C.C. 717 (1937).
TRAFFIC WAS THUS MADE DETERMINATIVE.
GROUND FOR THE GRANTING OF A PERMIT.
NEEDED.  REAFFIRMING C.&D., THE COMMISSION DENIED THE PERMIT.
EMERGED AS THE 1957 AMENDMENT TO SEC. 203(A)(15).
NECESSARY FOR HIS BUSINESS TO DO SO.
KILMER TRANSP.  CO. EXTENSION - UNIONTOWN, 53 M.C.C. 561 (1951).
THIS IS ANOTHER CASE VERY CLOSE TO THE PRESENT ONE ON ITS FACTS.
VIABLE SYSTEM OF COMMON CARRIAGE BE SATISFIED.
ORIGIN, AND PURPOSE OF THOSE AMENDMENTS.
AS NOW AMENDED BY 71 STAT. 411 (1957), SEC. 203(A)(15), 49 U.S.C.
DISTINCT NEED OF EACH INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER."
REFERRED TO IN AMENDED SEC. 203(A)(15).
UNITED STATES V. AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSNS., 310 U.S. 534, 542-550.
AND THE CLAUSE AND THE STATUTE THAT EXPRESS THE PURPOSE OF CONGRESS,"
UNITED STATES V. UNIVERSAL CORP., 344 U.S. 218, 221.
APPRECIATION OF THE "MISCHIEF" THAT CONGRESS WAS SEEKING TO ALLEVIATE.
ITSELF EXPOSED IT IN UNITED STATES V. CONTRACT STEEL CARRIERS, 350 U.S.
LICENSE."  350 U.S., AT 412.
OF SECS. 203(A)(15) AND 209(B).  70 I.C.C. ANN. REP. 162 (1956).
CARRIERS, AND OPENS THE DOOR TO UNJUST DISCRIMINATION AMONG SHIPPERS."
CONTRACT CARRIERS, NOT TO ENHANCE THEM.
THE EFFECT OF A DENIAL ON THE SHIPPER, WHICH IS AT ISSUE HERE.
FACTORS WHICH, IN OUR OPINION, ARE IMPORTANT TO THE PUBLIC INTEREST."
STANDARDS THAN ARE CONTAINED IN THE PRESENT LAW."  103 CONG.  REC.
AS HERE.  B&F BUS SERVICE, INC., CONTRACT CARRIER APPLICATION, SUPRA.
GIVEN THE UNQUALIFIED APPROVAL THAT IT DID TO THE FINAL BILL.  SEE H.R.
CONG., 1ST SESS.  6 (1957); 103 CONG. REC. 14035 (1957)(REMARKS OF SEN.
TRANSPORTATION POLICY, REQUIRE THAT THE BILL, AS AMENDED, BE PASSED."
S. REP. NO. 703, 85TH CONG., 1ST SESS. 7 (1957).
CONTRACT CARRIERS WAS DESIGNED WITH THAT END, AMONG OTHERS, IN VIEW."
RESTRICTIONS WERE LEGISLATIVELY DISAPPROVED OR NARROWED.
GUESSEFELDT V. MCGRATH, 342 U.S. 308, 313-315.
LANGUAGE PLAINLY EVINCING A PURPOSE TO CHANGE THE LAW IN THIS RESPECT.
AS THOSE OF OPPOSING CARRIERS."  185 F. SUPP. 838, 848 (W.D. MO.
1960).  THIS WAS A DESTRUCTIVE ERROR.
WOULD HAVE BEEN IN CLEAR ERROR.  IT DID NOT DO SO.
LATER COMMISSION DISPOSITIONS TO CONFIRM ITS SUSPICIONS.  IN ROY D.
STATUTORILY IMPERMISSIBLE BURDEN OF PROOF TO THE APPLICANT.
ITS TRAILERS TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF EACH OF THE SHIPPERS."
WHICH IN FACT COULD NOT BE SUPPLIED BY A COMMON CARRIER."  185 F.
STATUTE'S REQUIREMENTS, DOES NOT SUSTAIN THIS HOLDING.
U.S.A.C.  AS BY THE APPLICANT J-T.
THE FAULT OF U.S.A.C. OR OF THE SHIPPER.
TO DEDICATE THE NECESSARY EQUIPMENT EXCLUSIVELY TO THE SHIPPER.
AUTHORITY THAT THE COMMISSION WAS UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO CREDIT.
"DISTINCT NEED" OF THE SHIPPER.  THAT PHRASE WAS INSERTED IN SEC.
CONSIDERATION OF "DISTINCT NEED" WOULD BE IRRELEVANT.
COMMISSION HAD ERRED IN ITS RESOLUTION OF THE THIRD FACTOR IN SEC.
GRANT OF AUTHORITY WILL ADVERSELY AFFECT THE SERVICE OF A PROTESTANT.
PROVIDED BY COMMON CARRIERS" FROM THE AMENDMENT TO SEC. 203(A)(15).
BUT, AS WE HAVE SEEN, THAT IS PLAINLY NOT WHAT THE COMMISSION DID.
ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE SERVICES OF THE PROTESTING CARRIER."  185 F.
WERE DENIED, IT REPLIED THAT IT DID NOT KNOW.
EXISTING CARRIER DENIED POTENTIAL TRAFFIC.
..  .""  AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSNS.  V. UNITED STATES, 364 U.S. 1, 18.
WHEN THE SHIPPER HAD SO DEMONSTRATED ITS ANTIPATHY TO COMMON CARRIAGE.
THAT SHIPPERS' DESIRES ARE NOT TO BE CONTROLLING.
APPLICANT, AND PROTESTANT IN A PARTICULAR SITUATION ARE CONCLUSIVE.
OPERATIONS."  79 M.C.C., AT 708.
FAR IN ADVANCE OF THIS PROCEEDING.  ITS RECORD OF RECENT "DEADHEADS,"
1957, 92 DEADHEADS AS AGAINST 61 FULL LOADS; IN APRIL, 85 AGAINST 60.
BUILDING OF F-184'S, B-47'S, AND B-36'S.  EACH HAD ENDED.
POLICY"), AND DIRECTED HIM TO DO SO "BY TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION"
II BASE PERIOD SELECTED AS ONE UNAFFECTED BY SPECIAL WARTIME DEMANDS.
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, HIS DECISION SHOULD STAND.
COMMERCE COMMISSION V. UNION PACIFIC R. CO., 222 U.S. 541, 547-548.
U.S. 358, 368-371, WITH LABOR BOARD V. HEARST PUBLICATIONS, 322 U.S.
TO THIS CONCLUSION.  SEE UNITED STATES V. PIERCE AUTO LINES, 327 U.S.
IN ARBITRARY USE OF ITS POWERS.
NEGLECTED TO MAKE REQUISITE FINDINGS.
BE APPLIED BY THE COMMISSION TO EACH APPLICATION, SEE SCHAFFER TRANSP.
CONCLUSIONS.  UNITED STATES V. CHICAGO, M., ST. P.&P.R. CO., 294 U.S.
WARNING FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF OUR DECISION IN CITY OF YONKERS V.
OUGHT NOT TO BE REPEATED HERE.
FN2  54 STAT. 898, 920 (1940).
TO CARRYING OUT THE ABOVE DECLARATION OF POLICY."
GROUP  ..  .""  86 CONG. REC. 11546 (1940).
TO ITS DISPOSITION OF THEM.
IS THAT OF A CONTRACT CARRIER AND WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE PERMIT  ..
(1957)(HEREINAFTER CITED AS SENATE HEARINGS).
FN8  S. 1384 IS PRINTED AT SENATE HEARINGS 6.
HAD TO FURNISH REASONABLY ADEQUATE AND PROMPT SERVICE?"
THERE IS COMMON CARRIER SERVICE THERE."  SENATE HEARINGS 200-201, 203.
HEARD BUT BEFORE DIVISION 1'S ORDER WAS ISSUED.  SEE ZIFFRIN, INC., V.
CAPACITY OF 24,000 POUNDS.  (PROTESTANT'S EXHIBIT NO. 15, R. 147; R.
DEDICATE EQUIPMENT TO THE USE OF ANY ONE SUCH SHIPPER.  WHEN U.S.A.C.
PARTICULAR NEEDS HAD BEEN MET.
TRANSPORTATION UNWARRANTED PROTECTION FROM COMPETITION FROM OTHERS."
NECESSARILY PERTAIN TO APPLICATIONS OPPOSED BY OTHER MOTOR CARRIERS.
M.C.C., AT 710, AND ITS EXPERT CONCLUSION IS ENTITLED TO GREAT WEIGHT.
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MOTOR CARRIERS.
*(THIS OPINION APPLIES ONLY TO NO. 49, ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE R.
TRANSPORTATION IN THE TERRITORY PROPOSED.
THAN-TRUCKLOAD SERVICE AT TRUCKLOAD RATES.
DENIED, THEY WOULD RESORT TO PRIVATE CARRIAGE.
SHIPPERS WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY A DENIAL OF THIS APPLICATION."
FACTORS IT HAS BEEN ASKED BY CONGRESS TO CONSIDER.  UNITED STATES V.
PIERCE AUTO LINES, 327 U.S. 515, 535-536; BASS V. UNITED STATES, 163 F.
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE V. CENTRAL ROIG REF. CO., 338 U.S. 604.
MAKE TRANSPORTATION COSTS PROHIBITIVE FOR A SUPPORTING SHIPPER.
OPERATIONS.  SECTION 209(B) MAKES NO SUCH REQUIREMENT.
WHAT IT RULED IN THIS CASE, SEE 81 M.C.C., AT 42-43.
SEE OMAHA & C.B.R.  & BRIDGE CO. COMMON CARRIER APPLICATION, 52 M.C.C.
TRUCKING ASSNS.  V. UNITED STATES, 326 U.S. 77, 86-87.
THE COMMISSION HAS IN FACT RECOGNIZED WHAT IT STYLES AN "EMBARGO"
HANDLE WITH THE SHIPPER ITS CLAIM THAT THEIR RATES ARE PROHIBITIVE.
BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THIS ACTION."
COMMISSION MADE NO FINDING ON THIS ISSUE.  COMPARE SCHIRMER TRANSP.
ARBITRARILY.  CF. FLORIDA V. UNITED STATES, 282 U.S. 194, 214-215.
IMPOSE AN EMBARGO ON THE SHIPPERS' GOODS.
TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IS NOT INADEQUATE TO MEET A SHIPPER'S NEEDS.
CARRIERS, 108 U. PA. L. REV. 775, 783 N. 24 (1960).
BUT NO INCOME STATEMENT (R. 31).

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