Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-6-8983
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 04:11:36+00:00

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The formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on two different dielectrics of K9 glass and fused silica upon irradiation in ambient conditions and in vacuum with multiple femtosecond (fs) laser pulse sequences at different pulse durations (35 fs, 260 fs, and 500 fs) was studied experimentally. Three types of LIPSS, so-called high-spatial-frequency LIPSS (HSFL), low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL), and supra-wavelength periodic surface structures (SWPSS) with different spatial periods and orientations were identified. The appearance was characterized with respect to the experimental parameters of laser fluence and number of laser pulses per spot. The crater morphologies — including nanoripples, periodic microgrooves, quasiperiodic microspikes, and central smooth zone — were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The supra-wavelength structures exhibit periodicities, which are markedly, even multiple times, higher than the laser excitation wavelength. The SWPSS were formed with a broader range of laser fluences, upon the longer laser pulse durations (260 fs and 500 fs) and/or on the lower band-gap dielectrics (K9 glass), due to the deeper effective light penetration depths and thicker viscous surface layers formation. The HSFL were observed on the higher band-gap dielectrics (fused silica) and within a certain narrow laser parameter window. The formation mechanisms of LIPSS were also discussed.
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Fig. 1 Periodicity dependence of LIPSS on laser fluence of (a) K9 glass, and (b) fused silica.
Fig. 2 SEM images of damage sites on K9 glass in different environments with pulse duration of 260 fs: (a, b, c) in air, and (d, e, f) in vacuum. Double headed arrow indicates the incident laser polarization. Single headed arrow indicates a symmetry axial direction.
Fig. 3 SEM images of damage sites on fused silica in different environments with pulse duration of 260 fs: (a, b, c) in air, and (d, e, f) in vacuum.
Fig. 4 Periodicity dependence of LIPSS on number of pulses on the surface of fused silica.
Fig. 5 SEM images of damage sites on fused silica with different number of pulses irradiation under laser fluence of 2.1 J/cm2, and pulse duration of 260 fs in vacuum: (a, c) N = 10 pulses, (b, d) N = 30 pulses (also showed in Fig. 3(f)). Double headed arrow indicates the incident laser polarization.
Fig. 6 SEM images of damage sites on fused silica at different number of pulses with F = 1.8 J/cm2, τ = 260 fs, in vacuum: (a) N = 10 pulses, (b) N = 20 pulses, (c) N = 30 pulses, (d) N = 40 pulses, and (e) N = 60 pulses. Random arrows in (c) and (d) represent the trenches formed.

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