Source: https://sherayzenlaw.com/reducing-form-5471-penalties-form-5471-tax-lawyer-attorney/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 16:46:20+00:00

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Reducing Form 5471 penalties has become a big headache for US shareholders of foreign corporations due to a very aggressive enforcement stance by the IRS. In this essay, I would like to explore the main option for reducing Form 5471 penalties – the Reasonable Cause Exception.
Reducing Form 5471 Penalties: What is Form 5471?
26 USC §6038 requires a US shareholder to report certain information with respect to a foreign corporation which is owned at least ten percent by the shareholder. Additionally, 26 USC §6046 imposes additional reporting requirements on US shareholders and US directors of a foreign corporation with respect to acquisition of its stock, its organization and its reorganization.
All of these reporting requirements can be satisfied by a timely filing of accurate Form 5471 with the taxpayer’s tax return. There are four different categories of Form 5471 filers depending on the taxpayer’s ownership percentage, the event that triggered the filing of Form 5471, whether the taxpayer is a director of the corporation and whether the corporation in question is a Controlled Foreign Corporation (“CFC”). Each of the filer categories needs to complete his own parts of Form 5471 and its Schedules.
There are five sets of Form 5471 penalties that may be imposed on US shareholders.
First, with respect to failure to comply with Form 5471 and Schedule M requirements (i.e. failure to comply with 26 USC §6038), there is a $10,000 penalty per form. Additionally, an extra $10,000 penalty per each 30-day period (or a fraction thereof) during which the failure continues after the initial 90-day notice from the IRS. This additional penalty is capped at $50,000 per form.
Second, with respect to failure to comply with Form 5471 and Schedule O requirements (i.e. failure to comply with 26 USC §6046), there is another $10,000 penalty. Similar to §6038, an additional $10,000 penalty may be imposed by the IRS for continuous failure to comply with 26 USC §6046; this penalty also cannot exceed $50,000 per form.
Third, in certain situation, the IRS may recommend criminal penalties under 26 USC §§7203, 7206 and 7207 if a taxpayer fails to comply with 26 USC §§6038 and §6046.
Fourth, failure to timely supply the required Form 5471 information may result in a 10% reduction in the foreign tax credit available under 26 USC §§901, 902 and 960. If the failure persists for 90 days or more after the date when the IRS informs the taxpayer of this failure, an additional 5% reduction is applied for each three-month period (or fraction thereof) of the continuation of the failure to comply with Form 5471 requirements. 26 USC §6038(c)(2) imposes certain limitations on this reduction of foreign tax credit.
Finally, foreign financial asset understatement penalties may be imposed pursuant to 26 USC §6662(j). In other words, any underpayment of tax as a result of a taxpayer’s failure to file an accurate Form 5471 will lead to the imposition of a 40% penalty on the underpaid tax (as opposed to the usual 20% accuracy-related penalty on underpayments).
All of the penalties listed above may be reduced to zero if the taxpayer is able to establish that he could not comply with Form 5471 requirements due to reasonable cause. For example, see Treas. Reg. §1.6038-2(k)(3).
Reasonable Cause is not defined anywhere in the Internal Revenue Code, but, in general, the courts have followed the Supreme Court’s definition in United States v. Boyle, 469 U.S. 241, 246, 105 S. Ct. 687, 83 L. Ed. 2d 622 (1985). The Boyle case stated that, if a taxpayer exercises ordinary business care and prudence and is nevertheless unable to obtain and provide the required information, the failure to file will be considered to have occurred due to reasonable cause.
This is a standard that, of course, requires a very detailed analysis of the facts that led to Form 5471 noncompliance. Drafting a Reasonable Cause Statement is a very creative and detail-oriented process at the same time. Everything should be analyzed carefully by the international tax attorney who is drafting a Reasonable Cause Statement: taxpayer’s education and work history, his cultural backgrounds, reliance on tax and financial professionals, mistaken understanding of law or facts, circumstances beyond the taxpayer’s control and innumerable other factors.
In order to establish that the Reasonable Cause exception applies to Form 5471 noncompliance, the taxpayer needs to make an affirmative showing of all facts alleged as reasonable cause in a written statement containing a declaration that it is made under the penalties of perjury. See Treas. Reg. §1.6038-2(k)(3). “The statement must be filed with the district director for the district or the director of the service center where the return is required to be filed.” Id.
Sherayzen Law Office has a unique expertise in drafting Form 5471 Reasonable Cause Statements with respect to foreign corporations established in a very wide range of countries in Africa, Asia (including Japan), Europe and Latin America; of course, we a also have had a large number of clients who own Canadian corporations. We have helped all of these taxpayers to successfully reduce and even eliminate their Form 5471 penalties.

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