Source: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Kenya
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 04:10:31+00:00

Document:
BBC, Country Profiles: Kenya Profile, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13681342, May 21, 2013.
 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Committee Against Torture Examines Kenya, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?LangID=E&NewsID=13337, May 16, 2013.
 Kenya Prisons Act, sec. 69, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 90, Feb. 19, 1963, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
At least 23 people are under sentence of death at the end of 2017.  More than 21 new death sentences were recorded in 2017.  This is after President Uhuru Kenyatta commuted the death sentences of all persons on death row to life imprisonment in 2016.
 The Constitutional of Kenya, art. 7(1), August 28, 2010.
Robbery is punishable by death under the Penal Code.  The definition of robbery requires that the perpetrator use or threaten to use violence while stealing.  If robbery is committed while using a weapon, with a gang, or results in actual personal violence to the victim, it is punishable by death.  The death penalty for armed robbery was challenged in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic.  In 2013, the High Court in Nairobi held that the death penalty was not too severe a sentence for armed robbery and was therefore constitutional.  The Supreme Court is expected to make a decisive statement on the matter.
Despite the judgment in Mutiso, in 2013 the Court of Appeal at Nairobi in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic upheld the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery,  holding that it was up to the legislature to decide whether or not to retain the mandatory death penalty.  The Supreme Court is expected to resolve the conflict between Mutiso and Mwaura.
The Penal Code employs mandatory sentencing language for the offense of robbery committed with violence or the threat of violence, by a gang, or resulting in personal harm (“shall be sentenced to death”).  Although the Court of Appeal at Mombasa in Mutiso v. Republic determined that the mandatory death penalty for murder violates the protections against arbitrariness and inhuman treatment,  the Court of Appeal at Nairobi in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic upheld the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery.  These conflicting decisions will presumably be resolved in a challenge to the mandatory death penalty that is currently pending before the Kenyan Supreme Court.
The Court of Appeal at Mombasa in Mutiso v. Republic determined that the mandatory death penalty for murder violates the protections against arbitrariness and inhuman treatment,  using language that equally applies to other capital offenses. The Court of Appeal at Nairobi, however, in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic upheld the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery, ruling that the mandatory nature of the death penalty should be decided by the legislature.  These conflicting decisions will presumably be resolved in a challenge to the mandatory death penalty that is currently pending before the Kenyan Supreme Court. The future constitutionality of the mandatory of the death penalty is therefore uncertain.
Juveniles may not be sentenced to death in Kenya. The Penal Code of Kenya states that the death sentence shall not be pronounced on anyone who was under the age of 18 at the time the offense was committed.  In lieu of a death sentence, the offender shall be “detained during the President’s pleasure…in such place and under such conditions as the President may direct.”  Kenya is also a party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child  and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child,  which prohibit the execution of juveniles.
Though the Penal Code does not specifically discuss mental illness as mitigation for death eligible offenses, the Code provides for an insanity defense: “[a] person is not criminally responsible for an act or omission if at the time of doing the act or making the omission he is through any disease affecting his mind incapable of understanding what he is doing, or of knowing that he ought not to do the act or make the omission.”  Consequently, if, at trial, the offender is found to have been insane at the time of the offense, “the court shall make a special finding…that the accused was guilty…but was insane.”  The President may then order the person “detained in a mental hospital, prison or other suitable place of safe custody.”  Additionally, the court shall postpone criminal proceedings if the accused is “of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence.”  Therefore, a person deemed to be insane at the time of the offense may escape capital punishment. However, we found no legal provisions excluding the death penalty for prisoners who are mentally ill at the time their sentence is to be carried out.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 203, 206(a-b), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 204, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 28, 33-34, 36-38, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 203, 204, 206(c-d), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 296(2), 297(2), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 295, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 2008, Court of Appeal at Nairobi, Oct. 18, 2013.
 Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 2008, p. 14, Court of Appeal at Nairobi, Oct. 18, 2013.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 40(1-2), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 40(3), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Defense Forces Act, secs. 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 72, Law No. 25 of 2012, Aug. 3, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 60, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 40, 60, 296(2), and 297(2), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 36-38, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010.
 Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 2008, p. 26, Court of Appeal at Nairobi, Oct. 18, 2013.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 295, 296(2), 297(2), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 28, 33-34, 36-38, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010. Simons Muirhead & Burtons, Mandatory death penalty unconstitutional: Kenya Court of Appeal, The Online Citizen, http://theonlinecitizen.com/2010/08/mandatory-death-penalty-unconstitutional-kenya-court-of-appeal/, July 30, 2010. Amnesty Intl., Kenya: Important Death Penalty Judgment, http://www.amnesty.org.au/news/comments/23548/, Aug. 18, 2010.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 25(2), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, Nov. 20, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Feb. 26, 2014.
 List of Countries which have Signed, Ratified, or Acceded to the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/List/African%20Charter%20on%20the%20Rights%20and%20Welfare%20of%20the%20Child.pdf, Mar. 1, 2010.
 Kenya Penal Code, secs. 211-212, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Penal Code, sec. 12, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 63, Aug. 1, 1930, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, sec. 166(1), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 75, Aug. 1, 1930 as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 75, Aug. 1, 1930 as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Feb. 21, 2014.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Feb. 21, 2014.
 Status, Declarations, and Reservations, Second Optional Prot. to the ICCPR, Aiming at the Abolition of the Death Penalty, 1642 U.N.T.S. 414, Dec. 15, 1989, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-12&chapter=4〈=en, last accessed Feb. 21, 2014.
 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Ratification Table: African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, http://www.achpr.org/instruments/achpr/ratification, last accessed Mar. 4, 2014.
 U.N.G.A., 67th Session, Third Committee, Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, U.N. Doc. A/C.3/67/L.44/Rev.1, Nov. 15, 2012.
 U.N.G.A., 60th Plenary Meeting, Draft Resolution: Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, U.N. Doc. A/67/457/Add.2, Dec. 20, 2012.
Although it has carried out no executions since 1987, Kenya continues to hand down a high volume of death sentences. The United Nations Human Rights Committee reported that at the end of 2012, there were at least 1,582 prisoners on death row.  All of these death sentences were pronounced in the space of three and a half years, since 4,000 death-sentenced prisoners had their sentences commuted to life imprisonment in August 2009, when President Mwai Kibaki stated that the mass commutation would help alleviate the “undue mental anguish and suffering, psychological trauma and anxiety” that resulted from extended stays on death row.  Furthermore, Kenya has abstained from voting on all four U.N. General Assembly Resolutions calling for a moratorium on the use of capital punishment.  Although the death penalty has not been applied in over 20 years, there seems to be no political will to move towards abolition. The result is legal limbo for the hundreds of individuals who are living on death row.
Three years later in 2013, the Court of Appeal at Nairobi in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic upheld the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery, ruling that it was up to the legislature to decide whether or not to impose the mandatory death penalty.  These conflicting decisions will presumably be resolved in a challenge to the mandatory death penalty that is currently pending before the Kenyan Supreme Court.
These conflicting decisions will presumably be resolved in a challenge to the mandatory death penalty that is currently pending before the Kenyan Supreme Court. Therefore the future constitutionality of the mandatory of the death penalty is uncertain.
LawAfrica (www.lawafrica.com) provides a subscription-based access to case reporters from throughout the East African region.
 The Constitution of Kenya, art. 26, Aug. 28, 2010.
 The Constitution of Kenya, art. 21(4), Aug. 28, 2010.
 The Constitution of Kenya, art. 51(3), Aug. 28, 2010.
 The Constitution of Kenya, art. 238 (2), Aug. 28, 2010.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Kenya, para. 10, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/KEN/CO/3, Aug. 31, 2012.
 Nick Wadhams, Kenya’s Death Row Inmates Get Life Instead, Time Magazine, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1914708,00.html, Aug. 5, 2009.
 U.N.G.A., 67th Session, Third Committee, Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty, U.N. Doc. A/C.3/67/L.44/Rev.1, Nov. 15, 2012. U.N.G.A., 65th Session, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, p. 5, U.N. Doc. A/65/456/Add.2, Dec. 8, 2010. U.N.G.A., 63rd session, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, U.N. Doc. A/63/430/Add.2, Dec. 4, 2008. U.N.G.A., 62nd Session, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, U.N. Doc. A/62/439/Add.2, Dec. 5, 2007.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 28, 34, 36-38, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010.
 Kenya Defense Forces Act, secs. 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 72, no. 25 of 2012, Aug. 3, 2012.
 Amnesty Intl, Kenya Annual Report, https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/kenya/report-2013#section-76-10, last accessed Feb. 24, 2014.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 28, 34, 36-38, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010. Simons Muirhead & Burtons, Mandatory death penalty unconstitutional: Kenya Court of Appeal, The Online Citizen, http://theonlinecitizen.com/2010/08/mandatory-death-penalty-unconstitutional-kenya-court-of-appeal/, July 30, 2010. Amnesty Intl., Kenya: Important Death Penalty Judgment, http://www.amnesty.org.au/news/comments/23548/, Aug. 18, 2010.
 Mutiso v. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 17 of 2008, paras. 14-19, Court of Appeal at Mombasa, Jul. 30, 2010.
 Republic v John Kimita Mwaniki, Criminal Case, no. 116 of 2007, p. 25, High Court of Kenya, Jun. 10, 2011.
 The Court of Appeal in Mutiso v. Republic determined that the mandatory death penalty for murder violates the protections against arbitrariness and inhuman treatment, but in 2013 the Court of Appeal in Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic upheld the mandatory death penalty for armed robbery.These conflicting decisions will presumably be resolved in a challenge to the mandatory death penalty that is currently pending before the Kenyan Supreme Court. Therefore the future constitutionality of the mandatory of the death penalty is uncertain.
 Joseph Njuguna Mwaura & 2 Others vs. Republic, Criminal Appeal No. 5 of 2008, p. 21, Court of Appeal at Nairobi, Oct. 18, 2013.
 Tom Ojienda, Leonard Obura Aloo and Mathews Okoth, Update: Researching Kenyan Law, GlobaLex, http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Kenya1.htm#_Law_Reporting, Sep. 2011.
 The Constitution of Kenya, art. 133, Aug. 28, 2010.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, sec. 332(1), Ch. 75 Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, secs. 332(1-3), Ch. 75 Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Kenya, Denial of Fair Public Trial, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204343.pdf, Apr. 19, 2013.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, sec. 349, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 75, Aug. 1, 1930, as amended by Law No. 7 of 2007, Oct. 10, 2007.
 The Constitution of Kenya, arts. 50(1), 50(2)(q), Aug. 28, 2010.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 3, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012. U.S. Dept. of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Kenya, Denial of Fair Public Trial, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204343.pdf, Apr. 19, 2013.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 5(1), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 59(1), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 7, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 70(5), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
We did not find any information about the racial/ethnic composition of death row.
Unclear. Under the Constitution, “[e]very person has the right to have any dispute that can be resolved by the application of law decided in a fair and public hearing before a court;” this includes the right to state-funded counsel “if substantial injustice would otherwise result.”  The Chief Justice or presiding judge may, at any time during a criminal application or appeal, assign an advocate to represent the appellant if “desirable in the interests of justice.”  The funds of the Court shall defray the fees and expenses of an assigned advocate.  We do not know whether this right is implemented in practice for capital defendants on appeal.
 Death Penalty News, Being on Death Row in Kenya, http://deathpenaltynews.blogspot.com/2013/06/being-on-death-row-in-kenya.html, Jun. 24, 2013.
 Penal Reform International, The Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Alternative Sanction in East Africa: Kenya and Uganda, p. 37, http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/East-Africa-research-report-on-death-penalty-and-life-imprisonment.pdf, May 2013. Death Penalty News, Being on Death Row in Kenya, http://deathpenaltynews.blogspot.com/2013/06/being-on-death-row-in-kenya.html, Jun. 24, 2013.
 Patricia Jameria Mbote and Migai Akech, Kenya: Justice Sector and Rule of Law, p. 152, Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa, Mar. 2011.
 Penal Reform International, The Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Alternative Sanction in East Africa: Kenya and Uganda, p. 18, http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/East-Africa-research-report-on-death-penalty-and-life-imprisonment.pdf, May 2013.
 Penal Reform International, The Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Alternative Sanction in East Africa: Kenya and Uganda, p. 19, http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/East-Africa-research-report-on-death-penalty-and-life-imprisonment.pdf, May 2013.
 U.S. Dept. of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Kenya, Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204343.pdf, Apr. 19, 2013.
 Nick Wadhams, Kenya’s Death Row Inmates Get Life Instead, Time, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1914708,00.html, Aug. 5, 2009.
 Amnesty Intl., Executions of Juveniles since 1990, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/executions-of-child-offenders-since-1990, last accessed Mar. 14, 2014.
 The Constitution of Kenya, arts. 50(1), 50(2)(h), Aug. 28, 2010.
 Kenya National Commission on Human Rights: Position Paper No. 2 on the Abolition of the Death Penalty, p. 11-12, http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/PositionPaperonDeath.pdf, 2007. Patricia Jameria Mbote and Migai Akech, Kenya: Justice Sector and Rule of Law, p. 152, Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa, Mar. 2011.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Kenya, paras. 17, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/83/KEN, Apr. 29, 2005.
 Penal Reform International, The Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Alternative Sanction in East Africa: Kenya and Uganda, p. 14, http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/East-Africa-research-report-on-death-penalty-and-life-imprisonment.pdf, May 2013.
 Kenya Appellate Jurisdiction Act, sec. 24(1), Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 9, Oct. 28, 1977, as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Kenya Criminal Procedure Code, sec. 349, Laws of Kenya Rev. Ed. 2010 Ch. 75, Aug. 1, 1930 as updated through to Jul. 12, 2012.
 Patricia Jameria Mbote and Migai Akech, Kenya: Justice Sector and Rule of Law, p. 143, Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa, Mar. 2011.
 Patricia Jameria Mbote and Migai Akech, Kenya: Justice Sector and Rule of Law, p. 7, Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa, Mar. 2011. U.S. Dept. of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Kenya, Denial of Fair Public Trial, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204343.pdf, Apr. 19, 2013.
 The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, Nguzo za Haki Issue 1, p. 16-18, http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Nguzo_Issue1.pdf, Feb. 2003.
 U.N. ICCPR, Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: Kenya, paras. 13, 17, 18, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/83/KEN, Apr. 29, 2005.
 UPR-Info.org, Responses to Recommendations: Kenya, Universal Periodic Review, p. 9, http://www.upr-info.org/IMG/pdf/Recommendations_to_Kenya_2010.pdf, Jan. 13, 2011. see also U.N.G.A., Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the UPR, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/15/8, Jun. 17, 2010.
 UPR-Info.org, Responses to Recommendations: Kenya, Universal Periodic Review, p. 10, http://www.upr-info.org/IMG/pdf/Recommendations_to_Kenya_2010.pdf, Jan. 13, 2011.
 U.N., Committee Against Torture, Conv. Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Kenya, Concluding Observations, CAT/C/KEN/CO/1, Jan. 19, 2009.
The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (http://www.knchr.org/) is an independent public institution established to advise the government on protecting and promoting human rights.
The Kenya Legal Resources Foundation (http://www.lrf-kenya.org/) has reported on prison conditions.
Patricia Kameri Mbote & Migai Akech, Kenya: Justice Center and the Rule of Law, Open Society Initiative for East Africa, http://www.ielrc.org/content/a1104.pdf, Mar. 2011. The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights issues annual and thematic reports on human rights issues, available at http://www.knchr.org/.
Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, Abolition of the Death Penalty in Kenya, Position Paper No. 2 http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/PositionPaperonDeath.pdf, 2007.
Penal Reform International, The Abolition of the Death Penalty and its Alternative Sanction in East Africa: Kenya and Uganda, http://www.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/East-Africa-research-report-on-death-penalty-and-life-imprisonment.pdf, May 2013.
 Rosalia Omungo, Call for Abolition As Thousands Await, IPS, http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38474, Jul. 9, 2007.
 Group: Kenya Police Death Squad Killed 2 Suspects, USA Today, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/06/26/kenya-death-squads/2461807/, Jun. 26, 2013. Philip Alston, U.N. Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Arbitrary or Summary Executions, Mission to Kenya 16-25 February 2009, Statement, http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/52DF4BE7194A7598C125756800539D79?opendocument, Feb. 25, 2009. U.N. Press Release, Independent Expert on Extrajudicial Executions Says Police Killings in Kenya Are “Systematic, Widespread and Carefully Planned”, http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/EAFBE45849510C0EC125756800534815?opendocument, Feb. 25, 2009.

References: art. 7
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 art. 26
 art. 21
 art. 51
 art. 238
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 art. 133