Source: http://nv.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.20140430_0000448.DNV.htm/qx
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 04:29:48+00:00

Document:
ERNESTO CASTALDO, et al. Defendants.
LLOYD D. GEORGE, District Judge.
This pro se prisoner civil rights action by a Nevada state inmate comes before the Court for initial review of the complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A as well as on plaintiff's motion (#2) for leave to file a longer than usual complaint. The initial partial filing fee in effect has been paid through installments drawn from plaintiff's inmate account.
Turning to initial review, when a "prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity, " the court must "identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint: (1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief." 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b).
In considering whether the plaintiff has stated a claim upon which relief can be granted, all material factual allegations in the complaint are accepted as true for purposes of initial review and are to be construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See, e.g., Russell v. Landrieu, 621 F.2d 1037, 1039 (9th Cir. 1980). However, mere legal conclusions unsupported by any actual allegations of fact are not assumed to be true in reviewing the complaint. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 677-81 & 686-87 (2009). That is, bare and conclusory assertions that constitute merely formulaic recitations of the elements of a cause of action and that are devoid of further factual enhancement are not accepted as true and do not state a claim for relief. Id.
[A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." [ Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007).] A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. Id., at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955. The plausibility standard is not akin to a "probability requirement, " but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Ibid. Where a complaint pleads facts that are "merely consistent with" a defendant's liability, it "stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief.'" Id., at 557, 127 S.Ct. 1955 (brackets omitted).
.... [W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged - but it has not "show[n]" - "that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed. Rule Civ. Proc. 8(a)(2).
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
Allegations of a pro se complainant are held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972).
#1-1, at 3A (electronic docketing page 5). While purportedly not challenging the conviction, plaintiff nonetheless alleges that the defendants "created this case, " referring to his criminal case, through unconstitutional outrageous government conduct. He further includes a prayer to have his criminal record expunged, as well, as, inter alia, two million dollars a year monetary damages from January 2007 until the conclusion of this case, i.e., during his still continuing incarceration on the criminal conviction that he seeks to have expunged.
When a federal civil rights plaintiff presents claims that necessarily challenge the validity of his conviction, then the claims are not cognizable in the civil rights action "no matter the relief sought (damages or equitable relief), [and] no matter the target of the prisoner's suit... if success in that action would necessarily demonstrate the invalidity of confinement or its duration." Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 82 (2005)(emphasis in original); Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477 (1994). A plaintiff presenting claims necessarily challenging the validity of his conviction first must establish that the confinement has been declared invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such a determination, expunged by executive order, or called into question by the grant of a federal writ of habeas corpus. Heck, 512 U.S. at 486-87. Heck applies to Bivens actions as well as to civil rights actions under §1983. See, e.g., Martin v. Sias, 88 F.3d 774 (9th Cir. 1996).

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