Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0175-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=01e8c7d4-6776-4bda-a946-85bc36aacdf3
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 16:39:43+00:00

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Fungi are phylogenetically and functionally diverse ubiquitous components of almost all ecosystems on Earth, including aquatic environments stretching from high montane lakes down to the deep ocean. Aquatic ecosystems, however, remain frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although fungi potentially hold important roles for organic matter cycling and food web dynamics. Recent methodological improvements have facilitated a greater appreciation of the importance of fungi in many aquatic systems, yet a conceptual framework is still missing. In this Review, we conceptualize the spatiotemporal dimensions, diversity, functions and organismic interactions of fungi in structuring aquatic food webs. We focus on currently unexplored fungal diversity, highlighting poorly understood ecosystems, including emerging artificial aquatic habitats.
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The authors thank J. Salazar for help designing the draft figures. H.P.G. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants GR1540/23-1 and GR1540/ 30–1, S.V.d.W. by DFG grant WY175/1-1 and M.C. by European Research Council (ERC) grant MYCO-CARB 772584. They thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Nature Reviews Microbiology thanks L. Tedersoo and the other anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
H.P.G. researched data for the article. H.P.G., S.V.d.W., M.K., C.W., M.C. and K.R-J. wrote the article, contributed substantially to discussion of the content and reviewed and edited the manuscript before submission.
Fungi that are well adapted and constantly active in aquatic habitats.
Fungi that are less adapted to and only periodically active in aquatic habitats.
Fungi that are little adapted to and only sporadically active in aquatic habitats.
A mechanism whereby atmospheric carbon is sequestered by vertical transfer to deep waters and sediments.
Pulsed event-based disturbances referring to strong single events such as storms and droughts.
Gradually increasing press disturbances such as global climate change or urbanization, both leading to species loss and shifts in community composition.
A fungus in symbiosis with a vascular plant via the root in the rhizosphere.
Fungi parasitizing on other fungi.
Parasites of a host that is also a parasite.
The precursor ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a prespliced, full-length transcribed ribosomal operon including all functional and spacer regions.

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