Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/1362
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 01:53:29+00:00

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a species or population stock is listed as an endangered species or a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.].
The terms “conservation” and “management” mean the collection and application of biological information for the purposes of increasing and maintaining the number of animals within species and populations of marine mammals at their optimum sustainable population. Such terms include the entire scope of activities that constitute a modern scientific resource program, including, but not limited to, research, census, law enforcement, and habitat acquisition and improvement. Also included within these terms, when and where appropriate, is the periodic or total protection of species or populations as well as regulated taking.
The term “district court of the United States” includes the District Court of Guam, District Court of the Virgin Islands, District Court of Puerto Rico, District Court of the Canal Zone, and, in the case of American Samoa and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the District Court of the United States for the District of Hawaii.
The term “humane” in the context of the taking of a marine mammal means that method of taking which involves the least possible degree of pain and suffering practicable to the mammal involved.
The term “intermediary nation” means a nation that exports yellowfin tuna or yellowfin tuna products to the United States and that imports yellowfin tuna or yellowfin tuna products that are subject to a direct ban on importation into the United States pursuant to section 1371(a)(2)(B) of this title.
The term “marine mammal” means any mammal which (A) is morphologically adapted to the marine environment (including sea otters and members of the orders Sirenia, Pinnipedia and Cetacea), or (B) primarily inhabits the marine environment (such as the polar bear); and, for the purposes of this chapter, includes any part of any such marine mammal, including its raw, dressed, or dyed fur or skin.
The term “marine mammal product” means any item of merchandise which consists, or is composed in whole or in part, of any marine mammal.
The term “moratorium” means a complete cessation of the taking of marine mammals and a complete ban on the importation into the United States of marine mammals and marine mammal products, except as provided in this chapter.
The term “optimum sustainable population” means, with respect to any population stock, the number of animals which will result in the maximum productivity of the population or the species, keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the habitat and the health of the ecosystem of which they form a constituent element.
The term “person” includes (A) any private person or entity, and (B) any officer, employee, agent, department, or instrumentality of the Federal Government, of any State or political subdivision thereof, or of any foreign government.
The term “population stock” or “stock” means a group of marine mammals of the same species or smaller taxa in a common spatial arrangement, that interbreed when mature.
the Secretary of the Interior as to all responsibility, authority, funding, and duties under this chapter with respect to all other marine mammals covered by this chapter.
in section 1387 of this title and subchapter V (other than section 1421f–1 of this title) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce.
The term “take” means to harass, hunt, capture, or kill, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, or kill any marine mammal.
The term “United States” includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Guam, and Northern Mariana Islands.
the areas referred to as eastern special areas in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990; in particular, those areas east of the maritime boundary, as defined in that Agreement, that lie within 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Russia is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States is measured, except that this subparagraph shall not apply before the date on which the Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for the United States.
any fishing for such stocks.
in any other case, means an organization consisting of those nations participating in a tuna fishery, the purpose of which is the conservation and management of that fishery and the management of issues relating to that fishery.
has the potential to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering.
any act that disturbs or is likely to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of natural behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, surfacing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering, to a point where such behavioral patterns are abandoned or significantly altered.
The term “Level A harassment” means harassment described in subparagraph (A)(i) or, in the case of a military readiness activity or scientific research activity described in subparagraph (B), harassment described in subparagraph (B)(i).
The term “Level B harassment” means harassment described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or, in the case of a military readiness activity or scientific research activity described in subparagraph (B), harassment described in subparagraph (B)(ii).
which is listed as a threatened species or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), or is designated as depleted under this chapter.
The minimum population estimate of the stock.
One-half the maximum theoretical or estimated net productivity rate of the stock at a small population size.
The term “Regional Fishery Management Council” means a Regional Fishery Management Council established under section 1852 of this title.
are likely to identify, evaluate, or resolve conservation problems.
The term “Alaska Native organization” means a group designated by law or formally chartered which represents or consists of Indians, Aleuts, or Eskimos residing in Alaska.
The term “take reduction plan” means a plan developed under section 1387 of this title.
The term “take reduction team” means a team established under section 1387 of this title.
The term “net productivity rate” means the annual per capita rate of increase in a stock resulting from additions due to reproduction, less losses due to mortality.
The term “International Dolphin Conservation Program” means the international program established by the agreement signed in LaJolla, California, in June, 1992, as formalized, modified, and enhanced in accordance with the Declaration of Panama.
The term “Declaration of Panama” means the declaration signed in Panama City, Republic of Panama, on October 4, 1995.
The Endangered Species Act of 1973, referred to in pars. (1)(C) and (19)(B), (C), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of this title and Tables.
“(B) The term ‘Level A harassment’ means harassment described in subparagraph (A)(i).
2000—Par. (12)(B). Pub. L. 106–555 inserted “(other than section 1421f–1 of this title)” after “subchapter V”.
1997—Pars. (28), (29). Pub. L. 105–42 added pars. (28) and (29).
1996—Par. (15). Pub. L. 104–297, § 405(b)(2), repealed Pub. L. 102–251, § 304. See 1992 Amendment note below.
Par. (21). Pub. L. 104–208 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 1852 of this title.
1994—Par. (12)(B). Pub. L. 103–238, § 24(a)(2), substituted “in section 1387 of this title and subchapter V” for “in subchapter V”.
Pars. (15) to (17). Pub. L. 103–238, § 16(a), redesignated par. (15) defining “fishery”, and par. (16), as pars. (16) and (17), respectively, and struck out former par. (17) which defined “intermediary nation”.
Pars. (18) to (27). Pub. L. 103–238, § 12, added pars. (18) to (27).
1992—Pars. (5) to (11). Pub. L. 102–582 added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) to (10) as (6) to (11), respectively.
Par. (12). Pub. L. 102–587 substituted “(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term” for “The term”, redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and added subpar. (B). See Construction of Amendment by Pub. L. 102–587 note below.
Pub. L. 102–582 redesignated par. (11) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (13).
Pars. (13), (14). Pub. L. 102–582 redesignated pars. (12) and (13) as (13) and (14), respectively. Former par. (14) redesignated (15).
Par. (15). Pub. L. 102–582 redesignated par. (14), defining waters under the jurisdiction of the United States, as (15).
Pub. L. 102–523 added par. (15) defining fishery.
Pub. L. 102–251, § 304, which directed the general amendment of par. (15) by reenacting the introductory provisions and subpars. (A) and (B) without substantial change and adding subpar. (C) which read “the areas referred to as eastern special areas in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990; in particular, those areas east of the maritime boundary, as defined in that Agreement, that lie within 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Russia is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States is measured.”, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–297, § 405(b)(2).
Pars. (16), (17). Pub. L. 102–523 added pars. (16) and (17).
1981—Par. (1). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(b)(2)(A), substituted a single management standard, that is, the maintenance of species at their optimum sustainable population, for the former management standard which had included the decline of a species or population stock that had declined to a significant degree over a period of years, the decline of a species or population stock which, if continued or resumed, would place the species or stock within the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and a species or population stock that was below the optimum carrying capacity for the species or stock within its environment.
Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(b)(2)(B), substituted “their optimum sustainable population” for “the optimum carrying capacity of their habitat”.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(a), (b)(2)(C), (D), redesignated par. (9) as (8) and substituted “carrying capacity” for “optimum carrying capacity”. Former par. (8), which defined “optimum carrying capacity” was struck out.
Pars. (9) to (12). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(b)(2)(C), redesignated pars. (9) to (13) as (8) to (12), respectively.
Par. (13). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(b)(2)(C), (E), redesignated par. (14) as (13) and substituted “the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Guam, and Northern Mariana Islands” for “the Canal Zone, the possessions of the United States, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands”. Former par. (13) redesignated (12).
Pars. (14), (15). Pub. L. 97–58, § 1(b)(2)(C), redesignated pars. (14) and (15) as (13) and (14), respectively.
1976—Par. (15)(B). Pub. L. 94–265 substituted “the waters included within a zone, contiguous to the territorial sea of the United States, of which the inner boundary is a line coterminous with the seaward boundary of each coastal State, and the outer boundary is a line drawn in such a manner that each point on it is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured” for “the fisheries zone established pursuant to the Act of October 14, 1966”.
1973—Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 93–205 substituted “Endangered Species Act of 1973” for “Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969”.
certification by the Secretary of State to Congress that a binding resolution of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission or other legally binding instrument establishing the International Dolphin Conservation Program has been adopted and is in force.
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996.
Pub. L. 94–265, title IV, § 404(b), Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 361, provided that the amendment made by section 404(a) of Pub. L. 94–265 to this section was to take effect Mar. 1, 1977, prior to the general amendment of title IV of Pub. L. 94–265 by Pub. L. 104–297.
Amendment by Pub. L. 93–205 effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 16 of Pub. L. 93–205, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1531 of this title.
Section effective upon the expiration of the sixty-day period following Oct. 21, 1972, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–522, set out as a note under section 1361 of this title.

References: § 405
 § 304
 § 24
 § 16
 § 12
 § 304
 § 405
 § 1
 § 1
 § 1
 § 1
 § 1
 § 1
 § 101
 § 211
 § 404