Source: http://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83945:58778&catid=1590&Itemid=566
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 10:01:09+00:00

Document:
G.R. No. 170046, December 10, 2014 - PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. MAXIMO A. BORJE, JR., BURT B. FAVORITO, FLORENDO B. ARIAS, ERDITO Q. QUARTO, AGERICO C. PALAYPAY, NAPOLEON S. ANAS, DANILO C. PLANTA, LUISITO S. DELA ROSA, ROGELIO L. BERAY, NORMA A. VILLARMINO, RICARDO M. JUAN, JR., NELSON UMALI, MARIA LUISA T. CRUZ, MELISSA T. ESPINA, VIOLETA R. TADEO, JESSICA J. CATIBAYAN, VIOLETA C. AMAR, RONALDO G. SIMBAHAN, FELIPE A. SAN JOSE, ROLANDO C. CASTILLO, CONCHITA N. DELA CRUZ, JANETTE A. BUGAYONG, JESUS D. CAPUZ, RODELIA R. UY, ROMEO C. FULLIDO, NONETTE H. FULLIDO, VICTORIA M. GO, CARMELITO V. EDEM, AUGUSTO C. CAPUZ,+ VICENTE SANTOS, JR., JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES, AND THE SANDIGANBAYAN (SECOND DIVISION), Respondents.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner, v. MAXIMO A. BORJE, JR., BURT B. FAVORITO, FLORENDO B. ARIAS, ERDITO Q. QUARTO, AGERICO C. PALAYPAY, NAPOLEON S. ANAS, DANILO C. PLANTA, LUISITO S. DELA ROSA, ROGELIO L. BERAY, NORMA A. VILLARMINO, RICARDO M. JUAN, JR., NELSON UMALI, MARIA LUISA T. CRUZ, MELISSA T. ESPINA, VIOLETA R. TADEO, JESSICA J. CATIBAYAN, VIOLETA C. AMAR, RONALDO G. SIMBAHAN, FELIPE A. SAN JOSE, ROLANDO C. CASTILLO, CONCHITA N. DELA CRUZ, JANETTE A. BUGAYONG, JESUS D. CAPUZ, RODELIA R. UY, ROMEO C. FULLIDO, NONETTE H. FULLIDO, VICTORIA M. GO, CARMELITO V. EDEM, AUGUSTO C. CAPUZ,+ VICENTE SANTOS, JR., JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES, AND THE SANDIGANBAYAN (SECOND DIVISION), Respondents.
Before the Court is a petition for review under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court seeking to reverse and set aside the Resolutions dated January 20, 20051 and October 12, 20052 of the Sandiganbayan in Criminal Case No. 27969 dismissing the same for lack of probable cause for the crime of plunder without prejudice to the filing of appropriate charges against respondents.
That during the period from March to December, 2001, or sometime prior or subsequent thereto, in the City of Manila, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused MAXIMO BORJE, JR. y AQUINO, a public officer, being then the Chief of the Motorpool Section of the Department of Public Works and Highways, Port Area, Manila, by himself and in connivance/conspiracy with his co-accused BURT FAVORITO y BARBA, FLORENDO ARIAS y BUÑAG, ERDITO QUARTO y QUIAOT, AGERICO PALAYPAY y CORTES, NAPOLEON ANAS y SEBASTIAN, DANILO PLANTA y CALUYA, LUISITO S. DELA ROSA, ROGELIO BERAY y LAGANGA, NORMA VILLARMINO y AGCAOILI, RICARDO M. JUAN, JR., NELSON UMALI, MARIA LUISA CRUZ y TALAO, MELISSA ESPINA y TANGPUZ, VIOLETA TADEO y RAGASA, JESSICA CATIBAYAN y JARDIEL, VIOLETA AMAR y CASTILLO, RONALDO G. SIMBAHAN, FELIPE A. SAN JOSE, ROLANDO C. CASTILLO, and JOHN DOES and JANE DOES, who are his officemates being likewise officials and employees of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), two of whom are high ranking public officers, namely: BURT FAVORITO y BARBA, Director III, Administrative and Manpower Management Services [Salary Grade 27] and FLORENDO ARIAS y BUÑAG, Assistant Director, Bureau of Equipment [Salary Grade 27], and in further connivance/conspiracy with his other co-accused private individuals engaged in the business of motor vehicle and spare parts supply, namely: CONCHITA N. DELA CRUZ, JANETTE A. BUGAYONG, JESUS D. CAPUZ, RODELLIA UY y DEL ROSARIO, ROMEO C. FULLIDO, NONETTE H. FULLIDO, VICTORIA GO y MANIEGO, CARMELITO EDEM y VARGAS, AUGUSTO CAPUZ y CO, VICENTE SANTOS, JR., as well as other JOHN DOES and JANE DOES, with evident bad faith and intent to defraud and cause damage to the government, and taking undue advantage of his official position, authority, connection or influence as such public officer, did then and there, wilfully, unlawfully, and criminally, amass, accumulate and acquire, by himself, ill-gotten wealth in the aggregate amount of EIGHTY-TWO MILLION THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED FIFTY-FIVE AND 38/100 PESOS (P82,321,855.38), more or less, thereby unjustly enriching himself at the expense and to the damage of the Filipino People and the Republic of the Philippines in the aforestated amount, through a series and/or combination of overt or criminal acts or similar schemes or means, consisting of misappropriations, conversions, misuses, diversions and/or malversation of public funds and/or raids on the public treasury, by means of false pretenses and fraudulent acts executed prior to, or simultaneously with, the fraud, by falsifying public, officials and/or commercial documents, such as Job Orders, Pre-Repair Inspection Reports, Post-Repair Inspection Reports, Requisition for Supplies and/or Equipment (RSE), Certificates of Emergency Purchases/Repair, Waste Material Reports, Certificate of Acceptance, Certificates of Fair Wear and Tear, Price Verifications, Requests for Obligation Allotment and Disbursement Vouchers, and such other falsified documents, untruthfully narrating therein material facts on fictitious emergency repairs of various DPWH vehicles and/or ghost purchases of spare parts, which are, in truth, imaginary or spurious transactions, and by using such falsified documents of said imaginary or spurious transactions for said accused to unlawfully cause the undue releases of public funds and obtain undue payments on 4,406 transactions, more or less, for said fictitious emergency repairs of DPWH vehicles and/or ghost purchases of spare parts, thereby misappropriating, converting, misusing, diverting and/or malversing the proceeds thereof for MAXIMO BORJE, JR. y AQUINO’s personal use and benefit.
Thereafter, respondents filed their responsive pleadings essentially assailing the Ombudsman’s finding of probable cause. On March 19, 2004, the Sandiganbayan issued an Order7 giving respondents a period within which to submit their memoranda of authority. In its Omnibus Comment/Opposition8 of even date, petitioner questioned the authority of the Sandiganbayan to act on respondents’ motions, arguing that the same had not yet acquired jurisdiction over the persons of the respondents and, hence, it had no authority to hear and decide their motions. Petitioner also alleged that it successfully established probable cause justifying the issuance by the respondent court of a warrant of arrest.
On January 20, 2005, respondent Sandiganbayan issued the assailed Resolution9 upholding its authority to act on respondents’ motions for their filing of the same may be considered as voluntary submission to the jurisdiction of the court and dismissing the case for lack of probable cause for the crime of plunder without prejudice to the filing of appropriate charges against the accused-respondents. It ruled that as the records reveal, not all elements of the crime are present for the accused Borje had not amassed ill-gotten wealth of at least P50 million. It further denied petitioner’s Motion for Reconsideration in its Resolution10 dated October 12, 2005 for lack of merit.
THE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION OF DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF PROBABLE CAUSE FOR THE FILING OF AN INFORMATION IS VESTED SOLELY IN THE PROSECUTION.
THE OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN IS NOT BOUND BY THE FINDINGS OF ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES IN ITS DETERMINATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF PROBABLE CAUSE FOR THE FILING OF A CRIMINAL CASE.
Petitioner maintains that the preliminary investigation conducted by the Office of the Ombudsman is an executive, not a judicial function. As such, it asserts that respondent Sandiganbayan should have given deference to the finding and determination of probable cause in their preliminary investigation. Moreover, petitioner faulted the respondent court for taking into consideration the findings of Atty. Irene Ofilada of the Investigating Committee that it was not respondent Borje who encashed the checks but the respondent-suppliers, by virtue of a blanket authority given by the former to the latter. It posits that said findings cannot bind the Office of the Ombudsman in its determination of the existence of probable cause.
Respondents counter that the respondent court correctly dismissed the case for the evidence clearly shows the absence of certain elements of the crime. They maintain that while investigating officers have a wide latitude of discretion in the determination of probable cause, which deserves respect from the courts, the acts of the Ombudsman in disregarding essential pieces of evidence are tantamount to an abuse of discretion authorizing the dismissal by the court of the case.
We rule in favor of petitioner.
Moreover, it was clearly premature on the part of the Sandiganbayan to make a determinative finding prior to the parties’ presentation of their respective evidence that there was no bad faith and manifest partiality on the respondents’ part and undue injury on the part of the complainant. In Go v. Fifth Division, Sandiganbayan, we held that "it is well established that the presence or absence of the elements of the crime is evidentiary in nature and is a matter of defense that may be best passed upon after a full-blown trial on the merits.” Also, it would be unfair to expect the prosecution to present all the evidence needed to secure the conviction of the accused upon the filing of the information against the latter. The reason is found in the nature and objective of a preliminary investigation. Here, the public prosecutors do not decide whether there is evidence beyond reasonable doubt of the guilt of the person charged; they merely determine whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-founded belief that a crime has been committed and that respondent is probably guilty thereof, and should be held for trial.
The Ombudsman in this case, however, was merely performing his duty as mandated by the Constitution23 and by law.24 Filing an Information against respondents in this case based on sufficient ground to engender a well-founded belief that a crime has been committed and that respondents are probably guilty thereof cannot be said to be whimsical or despotic. As effectively shown by evidence, the Ombudsman’s charge was not at all baseless for the link between the respondents and the anomalous transactions herein has been satisfactorily established. In the absence, therefore, of any showing that the questioned acts of the Ombudsman were done in a capricious and whimsical exercise of judgment evidencing a clear case of grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, this Court will not interfere with the Ombudsman’s exercise of his constitutionally mandated powers.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is GRANTED. The assailed Resolutions dated January 20, 2005 and October 12, 2005 of the Sandiganbayan in Criminal Case No. 27969 are SET ASIDE. The Resolution dated January 7, 2004 of the Ombudsman in OMB-C-C-02-0507-H, finding probable cause to indict respondents for the crime of plunder is AFFIRMED.
* Designated Acting Member in lieu of Associate Justice Francis H. Jardeleza, per Special Order No. 1896 dated November 28, 2014.
1 Penned by Associate Justice Efren N. De la Cruz, with Associate Justices Edilberto G. Sandoval and Francisco H. Villaruz, Jr., concurring; Annex “A” to Petition, rollo, pp. 56-76.
2 Annex “B” to petition, id. at 77-83.
3 Department Order No. 15, Series of 2002.
6 Annex “E” of Petition, id. at 160-166.
7 Annex “I” to Petition, id. at 224.
8 Annex “F” to Petition, id. at 169-191.
9 Annex “A” to Petition, id. at 56-76.
10 Annex “B” to Petition, id. at 77-83.
11People of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 161083, August 3, 2010, 626 SCRA 352, 368, citing AAA v. Carbonell, 551 Phil. 936, 948 (2007), citing People v. Inting, G.R. No. 88919, July 25, 1990, 187 SCRA 788, 792-793.
12 People of the Philippines v. Castillo, 607 Phil. 754, 764 (2009), citing Paderanga v. Drilon, G.R. No. 96080, April 19, 1991, 196 SCRA 86, 90.
14Fuentes v. Sandiganbayan, 528 Phil. 388, 406 (2006).
15Principio v. Honorable Barrientos, et. al., 514 Phil. 799, 811 (2005).
16Tetangco v. Honorable Ombudsman, 515 Phil. 230, 234 (2006), citing Roxas v. Vasquez, 411 Phil. 276, 288 (2006).
17Kalalo v. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 158189, April 23, 2010, 619 SCRA 141, 148, citing Okabe v. Hon. Gutierrez, in his capacity as Presiding Judge of RTC, Pasay City, Branch 119, et al., 473 Phil. 758, 781 (2004).
18De Guzman v. Gonzalez, et. al., G.R. No. 158104, March 26, 2010, 616 SCRA 546, 554, citing Webb v. Hon. De Leon, 317 Phil. 758, 789 (1995).
19Kalalo v. Office of the Ombudsman, supra note 17, at 149, citing Galario v. Ombudsman, 554 Phil. 86, 103 (2007).
20Schroeder v. Saldevar, 550 Phil. 719, 724 (2007).
21 Supra note 12, citing Go v. Fifth Division, Sandiganbayan, 549 Phil. 783, (2007), Andres v. Cuevas, 499 Phil. 36 (2005), People v. Court of Appeals, 361 Phil. 401 (1999).
22Acuña v. Deputy Ombudsman for Luzon, 490 Phil. 640, 653 (2005), citing Alafriz v. Nable, 72 Phil. 278 (1941).
Sec. 12. The Ombudsman and his Deputies, as protectors of the people, shall act promptly on complaints filed in any form or manner against public officials or employees of the government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporation and shall, in appropriate cases, notify the complainants of the action taken and results thereof.
(1.) Investigate on its own or on complaint by any person, any act or omission of any public official, employee, officer or agency, when such act or omission appears to be illegal, unjust, improper or inefficient.

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