Source: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1747335.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 01:25:35+00:00

Document:
ROBIN BLAKE COMBS, Sr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WASHINGTON STATE; et al., Defendants-Appellees.
Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges.
Robin Combs appeals the district court's order entering summary judgment for defendants on various claims arising from Combs's treatment by Washington state prison officials. We affirm.
The district court properly entered summary judgment for defendants on Combs's free exercise claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See U.S. Const. amend. I. Reviewing the record de novo, Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 883 (9th Cir. 2008), we agree with the district court's conclusion that no disputed question of material fact exists as to whether prison officials intentionally and substantially burdened Combs's right freely to exercise his fundamentalist Jewish faith. The sporadic mistakes in kosher food preparation principles here resulted from inadvertence and did not rise to the level of a constitutional violation. See Canell v. Lightner, 143 F.3d 1210, 1215 (9th Cir. 1998) (holding that “short-term and sporadic” interference with free exercise rights does not violate the First Amendment).
The district court properly entered summary judgment for defendants on Combs's deliberate indifference claims. See U.S. Const. amend VIII. No disputed question of material fact exists as to whether prison officials chose “medically unacceptable” treatments in “conscious disregard of an excessive risk” to Combs's health. Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1996). Combs offers no evidence establishing that prison officials chose medically unacceptable treatments for (1) Combs's gastroesphegeal reflux disease, and (2) Combs's inguinal hernia. Prison officials did not “inflict [ ] ․ unnecessary suffering ․ inconsistent with contemporary standards of decency” when they initially prescribed Combs a painkiller similar to that which he requested. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 103-04 (1976). Finally, decisions of the prison's Care Review Committee reflected only permissible differences in medical opinion. See Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989).
Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion when it excluded as hearsay several Internet articles about Combs's medical conditions. See Larez v. City of Los Angeles, 946 F.2d 630, 642-44 (9th Cir. 1991). Neither did the district court abuse its discretion when it denied Combs's motion to appoint independent medical and dietary experts.
1. Combs's remaining free exercise claims lack merit. Combs's unsupported allegations that the kosher diet “[did] NOT contain an adequate variety of nutrients,” do not rebut the state's record evidence demonstrating that the kosher diet complied with dietetic requirements. The record does not demonstrate that prison officials intended certain deprivations during Passover. And Combs concedes that a requirement that kosher inmates add identifying ties to their diet cards did not compel disclosure of religious association.

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