Source: https://lawphilreviewer.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/criminal-law-book-1-articles-61-70/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 12:18:06+00:00

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1. When the penalty prescribed for the felony is single and indivisible, the penalty next lower in degrees shall be that immediately following that indivisible penalty in the respective graduated scale prescribed in Article 71 of this Code.
2. When the penalty prescribed for the crime is composed of two indivisible penalties, or of one or more divisible penalties to be impose to their full extent, the penalty next lower in degree shall be that immediately following the lesser of the penalties prescribed in the respective graduated scale.
3. When the penalty prescribed for the crime is composed of one or two indivisible penalties and the maximum period of another divisible penalty, the penalty next lower in degree shall be composed of the medium and minimum periods of the proper divisible penalty and the maximum periods of the proper divisible penalty and the maximum period of that immediately following in said respective graduated scale.
4. when the penalty prescribed for the crime is composed of several periods, corresponding to different divisible penalties, the penalty next lower in degree shall be composed of the period immediately following the minimum prescribed and of the two next following, which shall be taken from the penalty prescribed, if possible; otherwise from the penalty immediately following in the above mentioned respective graduated scale.
5. When the law prescribes a penalty for a crime in some manner not especially provided for in the four preceding rules, the courts, proceeding by analogy, shall impose corresponding penalties upon those guilty as principals of the frustrated felony, or of attempt to commit the same, and upon accomplices and accessories.
The rules provided in this Art should also apply in determining the minimum of the Indeterminate Sentence Law (ISL). It also applies in lowering the penalty by one or two degrees by reason of the presence of the privileged mitigating circumstance or when the penalty is divisible and there are two or more mitigating circumstances.
When the penalty is single and indivisible (ex. RP), the penalty next lower shall be reclusion temporal.
Ex. one divisible penalty is reclusion temporal. The penalty immediately following RT is prision mayor. 2 divisible penalties are prision correccional to prision mayor. The penalty immediately preceding the lesser of the penalties of prision correccional to prision mayor is arresto mayor.
Ex. penalty for murder is reclusion temporal to death. The point of reference will be on the proper divisible penalty which is reclusion temporal. Under the 3rd rule, the penalty next lower to reclusion temporal is composed of the medium and minimum periods of reclusion temporal and the maximum of prision mayor.
Ex. the “several” periods contemplated in this rule correspond to different divisible penalties. A penalty of prision mayor in its medium period to reclusion temporal in its minimum period is an example of such. The penalty immediately following the minimum of the entire sentence, which is prision mayor medium, is prision mayor in its minimum and the 2 periods next following, which are prision correccional max and medium.
Ex. Abduction punishable by prision correccional in its medium and minimum. The next penalty following is formed by 2 periods to be taken from the same penalty if possible or from the periods of the penalty numerically following the lesser of the penalties prescribed. The penalty next following prision correccional in its med and min shall be arresto mayor in its med and max.
Mitigating and Aggravating circumstances are first disregarded in the application of the rules for graduating penalties. It is only after the penalty next lower in degree is already determined that the mitigating and aggravating circumstances should be considered.
1. Aggravating circumstances which in themselves constitute a crime specially punishable by law or which are included by the law in defining a crime and prescribing the penalty therefor shall not be taken into account for the purpose of increasing the penalty.
2. The same rule shall apply with respect to any aggravating circumstance inherent in the crime to such a degree that it must of necessity accompany the commission thereof.
4. The circumstances which consist in the material execution of the act, or in the means employed to accomplish it, shall serve to aggravate or mitigate the liability of those persons only who had knowledge of them at the time of the execution of the act or their cooperation therein.
5. Habitual delinquency shall have the following effects.
(c) Upon a fifth or additional conviction, the culprit shall be sentenced to the penalty provided for the last crime of which he be found guilty and to the additional penalty of prision mayor in its maximum period to reclusion temporal in its minimum period.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this article, the total of the two penalties to be imposed upon the offender, in conformity herewith, shall in no case exceed 30 years.
For the purpose of this article, a person shall be deemed to be habitual delinquent, is within a period of ten years from the date of his release or last conviction of the crimes of serious or less serious physical injuries, robo, hurto estafa or falsification, he is found guilty of any of said crimes a third time or oftener.
is found guilty of any of the said crimes a third time or oftener.
Subsequent crime must be committed after conviction of the former crime. Cases still pending are not to be taken into consideration.
The imposition of the additional penalties on habitual delinquents are constitutional, it is simply a punishment on future crimes on account of the criminal propensities of the accused.
The imposition of such additional penalties are mandatory.
Habitual delinquency applies at any stage of the execution because subjectively, the offender reveals the same degree of depravity or perversity as the one who commits a consummated crime.
Habitual delinquency applies to all participants because it reveals persistence in them of the inclination to wrongdoing and of the perversity of character that led them to commit the previous crime.
Cases where the attending aggravating or mitigating circumstances are not considered in the imposition of penalties.
Art. 63. Rules for the application of indivisible penalties. — In all cases in which the law prescribes a single indivisible penalty, it shall be applied by the courts regardless of any mitigating or aggravating circumstances that may have attended the commission of the deed.
1. When in the commission of the deed there is present only one aggravating circumstance, the greater penalty shall be applied.
2. When there are neither mitigating nor aggravating circumstances and there is no aggravating circumstance, the lesser penalty shall be applied.
3. When the commission of the act is attended by some mitigating circumstances and there is no aggravating circumstance, the lesser penalty shall be applied.
4. When both mitigating and aggravating circumstances attended the commission of the act, the court shall reasonably allow them to offset one another in consideration of their number and importance, for the purpose of applying the penalty in accordance with the preceding rules, according to the result of such compensation.
1. When there are neither aggravating nor mitigating circumstances, they shall impose the penalty prescribed by law in its medium period.
2. When only a mitigating circumstances is present in the commission of the act, they shall impose the penalty in its minimum period.
3. When an aggravating circumstance is present in the commission of the act, they shall impose the penalty in its maximum period.
6. Whatever may be the number and nature of the aggravating circumstances, the courts shall not impose a greater penalty than that prescribed by law, in its maximum period.
7. Within the limits of each period, the court shall determine the extent of the penalty according to the number and nature of the aggravating and mitigating circumstances and the greater and lesser extent of the evil produced by the crime.
Par 4: the mitigating circumstances must be ordinary, not privileged. The aggravating circumstances must be generic or specific, not qualifying or inherent.
Art. 65. Rule in cases in which the penalty is not composed of three periods. — In cases in which the penalty prescribed by law is not composed of three periods, the courts shall apply the rules contained in the foregoing articles, dividing into three equal portions of time included in the penalty prescribed, and forming one period of each of the three portions.
8 yrs (maximum of the minimum).
4) use the maximum of the minimum period as the minimum of the medium period and add 1 day to distinguish from the minimum period. Then add 2 years to the minimum of the medium (disregarding the 1 day) to get the maximum of the medium period.
Art. 66. Imposition of fines. — In imposing fines the courts may fix any amount within the limits established by law; in fixing the amount in each case attention shall be given, not only to the mitigating and aggravating circumstances, but more particularly to the wealth or means of the culprit.
Art. 67. Penalty to be imposed when not all the requisites of exemption of the fourth circumstance of Article 12 are present.— When all the conditions required in circumstances Number 4 of Article 12 of this Code to exempt from criminal liability are not present, the penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum period shall be imposed upon the culprit if he shall have been guilty of a grave felony, and arresto mayor in its minimum and medium periods, if of a less grave felony.
1. Upon a person under fifteen but over nine years of age, who is not exempted from liability by reason of the court having declared that he acted with discernment, a discretionary penalty shall be imposed, but always lower by two degrees at least than that prescribed by law for the crime which he committed.
2. Upon a person over fifteen and under eighteen years of age the penalty next lower than that prescribed by law shall be imposed, but always in the proper period.
Art. 68 applies to such minor if his application for suspension of sentence is disapproved or if while in the reformatory institution he becomes incorrigible in which case he shall be returned to the court for the imposition of the proper penalty.
If the act is attended by two or more mitigating circumstance and no aggravating circumstance, the penalty being divisible a minor over 15 but under 18 may still get a penalty two degrees lower.
Art. 69. Penalty to be imposed when the crime committed is not wholly excusable. — A penalty lower by one or two degrees than that prescribed by law shall be imposed if the deed is not wholly excusable by reason of the lack of some of the conditions required to justify the same or to exempt from criminal liability in the several cases mentioned in Article 11 and 12, provided that the majority of such conditions be present. The courts shall impose the penalty in the period which may be deemed proper, in view of the number and nature of the conditions of exemption present or lacking.
1 or 2 degrees lower if the majority of the conditions for justification or exemption in the cases provided in Arts. 11 and 12 are present.
In the imposition of the penalties, the order of their respective severity shall be followed so that they may be executed successively or as nearly as may be possible, should a pardon have been granted as to the penalty or penalties first imposed, or should they have been served out.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the rule next preceding, the maximum duration of the convict’s sentence shall not be more than three-fold the length of time corresponding to the most severe of the penalties imposed upon him. No other penalty to which he may be liable shall be inflicted after the sum total of those imposed equals the same maximum period.
Such maximum period shall in no case exceed forty years.
In applying the provisions of this rule the duration of perpetual penalties ( pena perpetua) shall be computed at thirty years. (As amended).
Example: Juan has 10 sentences of 6 months and 1 day each and a fine of 1000. He was not able to pay the fine. Therefore, he must serve subsidiary penalty after 18 months and 3 days in jail.
Posted on December 21, 2011, in Criminal Law and tagged Criminal Law Book 1 Articles 61 - 70. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.

References: Art. 63

Art. 65

Art. 66

Art. 67

Art. 68

Art. 69