Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-26-33261
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 14:49:10+00:00

Document:
We report control possibilities over ultrafast laser-induced periodic void lines in porous glass. Instead of high intensity regime leading to filaments, multi-pulse irradiation with high repetition rate (500 kHz) and various writing speed is used here in a transverse geometry. The formation of a perfectly controlled periodic void structure is shown to rely on such parameters as laser energy per pulse and scanning speed. In particular, both the threshold energy required for this effect and the period of the fabricated void arrays are shown to rise linearly with the number of the applied laser pulses per spot, or with a decreasing writing speed. To explain these results, a thermodynamic analysis is performed. The obtained dependencies are correlated with linear energy losses, whereas the periodicity of the observed structures is attributed to a static energy source formation at the void location affecting both material density and laser energy absorption.
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Fig. 1 Illustration of transverse laser scanning geometry (a) and the final structure (b).
Fig. 2 Illustration of the experimental setup, where tightly focused (20×, NA = 0.4) ultra-short laser pulses (200 fs, 500kHz, 515nm) create decompaction region inside of the porous glass.
Fig. 3 (a–c) Optical transmission microscopy of decompaction regions obtained for different writing speeds; (d) image of periodic lines of voids formed inside of the porous glass at a constant pulse energy (Ep = 2.2μJ) and with different number of pulses per focusing spot: (1) 2600, (2) 3200, (3) 5330, (4) 32000 and (5) 80000.
Fig. 4 (a) The period of the decompaction regions as a function of the number of laser pulses per spot at a constant pulse energy (Ep = 2.2μJ); (b) the total threshold energy required to obtain the decompaction of PG using mentioned experimental setup as a function of the number of pulses per focusing spot.
Fig. 5 (a) XZ view of base temperature distribution (Ep = 2.2μJ, Vs = 1mm/s, ν = 500kHz, ω0 = 2.45μm) after 10,000 pulses irradiated on the porous glass; (b) temporal profiles of base temperature increase in positions of (1,0,0)μm and (10,0,0)μm at various laser scanning speed; (c) 1D temperature increase along X axis at various scanning speed after 10,000 pulses illuminated on the material, as one can see, at speed lower than 10 mm/s the heat front propagates faster than the laser scan; Note, in this calculation, the coordinate is moving at speed of Vs; for simplicity, heat parameters are set as constants with cg = 1.6J/g/K, ρg = 2.2g/cm3 and α = 2.7 × 10−7m2/s.

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