Source: http://almanac.afpc.org/united-states
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 18:17:06+00:00

Document:
The structure of the U.S.-based Ikhwan-Jama’at duopoly can be understood on three levels: 1) a covert vanguard, 2) professional activist organizations with formalized membership schemes, and 3) the related grassroots they seek to mobilize. The vanguard consists of Brotherhood and Jama’at leaders in North America who hold key leadership positions in a network of overlapping activist organizations. These activist organizations are the most prominent Islamic groups in American civil society. They are influential in local, state, and national politics and have established relationships with editorial boards and news producers at media outlets throughout the country.
AMP is a virulently anti-Israeli group that actively seeks to delegitimize the Jewish state,69 and has defended Hamas70 as well as advocated in support of convicted terrorists.71 In 2015, the Investigative Project on Terrorism first identified connections between AMP and a now-defunct network called the Palestine Committee.72 Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Vice President Jonathan Schanzer expanded on those connections in congressional testimony a year later.73 The Palestine Committee was created by the Muslim Brotherhood to advance Hamas’ agenda politically and financially in the United States.74 A lawsuit filed in Chicago federal court in May 2017 alleges that AMP and several of its activists are “alter egos and/or successors” of a Hamas-support network that was found liable for an American teen’s death in a 1996 terrorist attack in Israel.75 AMP hosts conferences76 that feature anti-Israel speakers and supports “resistance” against the “Zionist state.”77 The organization is also one of the main supporters of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement against the Jewish state.
Jama’at al Fuqra (JF, Arabic for “Community of the Impoverished”) was founded in New York in 1980 by Pakistani religious leader Sheikh Mubarak Ali Gilani.78 JF has been described as a splinter group of Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM).79 Daniel Pearl, the late Wall Street Journal reporter, was on his way to interview Gilani in 2002 when he was kidnapped in Pakistan and subsequently beheaded.
The First Stage: The stage of culturing to produce people who believe in the idea and the method of the Party, so that they form the Party group.
The Second Stage: The stage of interaction with the Ummah (global Muslim community), to let the Ummah embrace and carry Islam, so that the Ummah takes it up as its issue, and thus works to establish it in the affairs of life.
There are a number of small U.S.-based formal and informal groups and networks that support violent jihad in America and elsewhere, but do not necessarily engage in it themselves. Most of their activities are political and social in nature, consisting of provocative public statements and demonstrations. Two particularly prominent groups deserve mention in this regard.
The fact that the most influential and well-resourced Muslim-American civil society groups are, in a very concrete sense, affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood and Jama’at-e-Islami is not widely held knowledge. This is partially because Islamist organizations have successfully framed themselves as “moderate,” “mainstream,” and representative American Muslim religious and civil rights organizations. This has allowed them to avoid widespread public distrust and frame criticism of them as Islamophobia targeting the Muslim-American community rather than criticism of the organizations themselves.
 Mina Hamblet, “The Islamic State’s Virtual Caliphate: Jihad in the West,” Middle East Quarterly (Fall 2017), http://www.meforum.org/6894/the-islamic-state-virtual-caliphate#_ftnref6.
 This term was coined in Kalim Siddiqui, Stages of Islamic Revolution (London: The Open Press, 1996). It refers to groups tied to the Muslim Brotherhood (Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimeen) and the Pakistani Islamist party, Jama’at al-Islami.
 Jama’at-e Islami is a South Asian Islamist movement founded in 1941 by Syed Abul A'ala Maududi, who was perhaps the most influential Islamist thinker of the 20th Century.
 Giles Kepel, The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2006); Lorenzo Vidino, The New Western Brothers (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming 2010); Lorenzo Vidino, “Aims and Methods of Europe’s Muslim Brotherhood,” Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 4 (2006); Allison Pargeter, The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), 20.
 “Elbarasse Search 1,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., 3:04-CR-240-G (N.D. Tex. 2008), http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-25-08/Elbarasse Search 1.pdf; “Elbarasse Search 3,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-25-08/Elbarasse Search 3.pdf; “Elbarasse Search 19,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-29-08/Elbarasse Search 19.pdf; “Elbarasse Search 2,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., http://www.txnd.uscourts.gov/judges/hlf2/09-25-08/Elbarasse Search 2.pdf; Esam Omeish, Letter to the Washington Post, September 16, 2004, http://www.unitedstatesaction.com/documents/omeish/www-masnet-org_pressroom_release-asp_nycmexs4.pdf; Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah et al., “A Rare Look at the Secretive Brotherhood in America,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2004, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/watchdog/chi-0409190261sep19,0,3008717.story.
 Stephen P. Cohen, The Idea of Pakistan (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2004), 348, n. 7; Vali Reza Nasr, The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jama’at-I Islami of Pakistan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
 “Exhibit 0003918-0003919,” (Letter from “The Political Office” re: the founding of the Islamic Association for Palestine by “the Group”), U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., 5.
 Zeid al-Noman, as quoted in “Elbarasse Search 2,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al.
 “Elbarasse Search 2,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al.
 Ahmed Shama, Speech before the 7th Annual MSA West Conference, University of Southern California, January 2005.
 “The North American Islamic Trust – NAIT,” North American Islamic Trust Website, n.d., http://www.nait.net/NAIT_about_ us.htm; See also John Mintz and Douglas Farah, "In Search of Friends Among the Foes," Washington Post, September 11, 2004, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12823-2004Sep10.html; Zeyno Baran, "The Muslim Brotherhood's U.S. Network," Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 6 (2008); Steven Merley, "The Muslim Brotherhood in the United States," Hudson Institute Research Monographs on the Muslim World Series no. 2, paper no. 3, April 2009.
 “List of Unindicted Co-Conspirators and Joint Venturers,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/423.pdf.
 “List of Unindicted Co-Conspirators and Joint Venturers,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al.
 “ISNA Board of Directors (Majlis Ash-Shura),” ISNA Website, ,November 14, 2016, accessed January 22, 2018, https://web.archive.org/web/20161114145902/http://www.isna.net/board-of-... “Elbarasse Search 3,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al.
 Zaheer Uddin, “ICNA: A Successful Journey and a Promising Road Ahead.” The Message International 23, no. 8 (1999), 24.
 “Promoting Radical Ideas—What ICNA Demands of its Members,” IPT News, August 10, 2010, https://www.investigativeproject.org/2098/promoting-radical-ideas-what-icna-demands-of-its; “ICNA Still Promotes Radical Texts,” IPT News, September 9, 2011, https://www.investigativeproject.org/3155/icna-still-promotes-radical-texts; “ICNA’s Radical Reading List,” IPT News, April 27, 2010, https://www.investigativeproject.org/1919/icnas-radical-reading-list.
 Nadeem F. Paracha, “Abdul Ala Maududi: An existentialist history,” Dawn, January 1, 2015, https://www.dawn.com/news/1154419.
 “Member’s Hand Book,” Islamic Circle of North America, pp. 9-10, https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/misc/475.pdf.
 “Kashmir Commander Speaks,” Interview with Syed Salahuddin Ahmed, Supreme Commander, Hizbul Mujahideen, The Message, October 1997, https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/misc/963.pdf.
 “Vision, Mission, Core Principles,” Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) Website, accessed January 22, 2018, https://www.cair.com/about-us/vision-mission-core-principles.html.
 “Articles of Incorporation, Council of American-Islamic Relations,” September 15, 1994.
 “Elbarasse Search 13,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/1536.pdf.
 Government Exhibit 003-0078, U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/717.pdf.
 “Jury Verdict,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/741.pdf.
 “Government’s Second Supplemental Trial Brief,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation et al., pp. 7-8, https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/case_docs/658.pdf.
 “CAIR and Terrorism: Blanket Opposition to U.S. Investigations, Equivocal Condemnations for Plots Against America,” Investigative Project on Terrorism, n.d., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/misc/116.pdf.
 “CAIR’s Extremism and anti-Semitism,” Investigative Project on Terrorism, n.d., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/misc/120.pdf.
 Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah, Roe and Cohen, "A rare look at secretive Brotherhood in America."
 Noreen S. Ahmed-Ullah, Roe and Cohen, "A rare look at secretive Brotherhood in America.
 “Abdurahman Alamoudi Sentenced to Jail in Terrorism Financing Case,” Department of Justice Press Release, October 15, 2004, https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2004/October/04_crm_698.htm.
 “American Muslims: Shaping the Future Through Faith Vision,” 16th Annual MAS-ICNA Convention, Chicago, December 28-30, 2017, http://www.masicna.com/.
 "About IIIT," IIIT Website, n.d.
 “Affidavit of SA David Kane,” In the Matter Involving 555 Grove Street, Herndon, Virginia, and Related Locations, 02-MG-114 (E.D.V.A. March 2002), 49–50. (Hereinafter “Kane Affidavit”).
 Mintz and Farah, "In Search Of Friends Among The Foes"; "Jordan's Islamic Action Front picks up New Leadership," Deutsche Presse-Agentur, May 31, 2009.
 Syed Saleem Shahzad, "Jordan's Islamic Front rallies Muslims," Asia Times Online, March 7, 2003, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EC07Ak01.html.
 See, for example, Jamal Halaby, “Jordan Islamists to Step up Anti-Election Campaign,” Associated Press, January 15, 2013, http://news.yahoo.com/jordan-islamists-step-anti-election-campaign-114524529.html.
 “Islamic Action for Palestine—An Internal Memo (Government Exhibit 003-0015,” U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation, et al., https://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/misc/23.pdf#page=11.
 Richard Sale, "Pakistan ISI link to Pearl kidnap probed," United Press International, January 29, 2002, http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2002/01/29/Pakistan-ISI-link-to-Pearl-kidnap-probed/UPI-22581012351784/. JeM is designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. government. JeM seeks to liberate Kashmir and reunite it with Pakistan.
 "Welcome to the International Quranic Open University," International Quranic Open University Website, n.d., http://www.iqou-moa.org/.
 The online edition of The Islamic Post can be accessed at http://islamicpostonline.com/.
 Colorado Attorney General Press Release, "Attorney General Salazar announces 69 Year Sentence for 'Fuqra' defendant convicted of racketeering and conspiracy to commit murder," March 16, 2001.
 "United States: The Jamaat al-Fuqra Threat," Stratfor, June 2, 2005, http://www.stratfor.com/memberships/61912/united_states_jamaat_al_fuqra_threat.
 "'Homegrown Jihad: The Terrorist Camps Around U.S.' Hits Cable TV," Christian Action Network Website, n.d., http://www.christianaction.org/homegrown-jihad/.
 “Hizb ut Tahrir,” Hizb ut Tahrir America Website, n.d., http://www.hizb-america.org/index.php/aboutus/hizbuttahrir.
 “Hizb ut Tahrir,” Hizb ut Tahrir America Website, n.d.
 Houriya Ahmed and Hannah Stuart, Hizb ut Tahrir: Ideology and Strategy (London: Centre for Social Cohesion, 2009).
 Matt Zapotosky, “New Jersey man sentenced to prison for extremist Islamic Web posts,” Washington Post, April 25, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/new-jersey-man-to-be-sentenced-for-extremist-islamic-web-posts/2014/04/24/406e65a8-cbc4-11e3-93eb-6c0037dde2ad_story.html?utm_term=.95898084ffe5.
 Rukmini Callimachi, “Once a Qaeda Recruiter, Now a Voice Against Jihad,” New York Times, August 29, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/30/us/al-qaeda-islamic-state-jihad-fbi.html?_r=0.
 Matt Zapotosky, “The feds billed him as a threat to American freedom. Now they’re paying him for help,” Washington Post, February 5, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/the-feds-billed-him-as-a-threat-to-american-freedom-now-theyre-paying-him-for-help/2016/02/04/32be460a-c6c5-11e5-a4aa-f25866ba0dc6_story.html?utm_term=.f1f753576d06.
 Rachel Weiner, “Man Who Turned Away from Radical Islam Arrested on Drug, Prostitution Charges,” Washington Post, January 25, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/man-who-turned-away-from-radical-islam-arrested-on-drug-prostitution-charges/2017/01/25/70a9627e-de7a-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html .
 U.S. Department of Justice Press Release, “Seven Charged with Terrorism Violations in North Carolina,” July 27, 2009; U.S. Department of Justice Press Release, “Superseding Indictment in Boyd Matter Charges Defendants with Conspiring to Murder U.S. Military Personnel, Weapons Violations,” September 24, 2009.
 United States Department of Justice, “Man Sentenced to 24 Years in Prison for Attempting to Use a Weapon of Mass Destruction to Bomb Skyscraper in Downtown Dallas,” October 19, 2010, http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2010/October/10-nsd-1170.html.
 “Criminal Complaint,” U.S. v. Smadi, 3:09-MT-286 (N.D. Tex. September 24, 2009).
 Zachary Fagenson, “Two men charged in Miami with financing foreign terrorist groups,” Reuters, August 13, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/13/us-usa-florida-suspects-idUSBRE97C0ZL20130813.
 Philip Sherwell and Alex Spillius, "Fort Hood Shooting: Texas Army Killer Linked to September 11 Terrorists," Telegraph (London), November 7, 2009.
 “Judge Denies Defense Lawyers’ Request in Fort Hood Case,” New York Times, August 27, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/us/judge-denies-defense-lawyers-request-in-fort-hood-case.html.
 See, for example, “Pentagon Will Not Classify Fort Hood Shootings as Terrorism -- or Anything Else,” CNS News, October 22, 2012, http://cnsnews.com/news/article/pentagon-will-not-classify-fort-hood-shootings-terrorism-or-anything-else - sthash.YWjerBq9.dpuf.
 “Lawmakers Call Ft. Hood Shootings ‘Terrorism,” New York Times, November 19, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/us/politics/20hood.html.
 Katherine Q. Seelye, William K. Rashbaum, and Michael Cooper, “2nd Bombing Suspect Caught After Frenzied Hunt Paralyzes Boston,” New York Times, April 19, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/20/us/boston-marathon-bombings.html?hp.
 Michael Cooper, Michael S. Schmidt, and Eric Schmidt, “Boston Suspects Are Seen as Self-Taught and Fueled by Web,” New York Times, April 23, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/us/boston-marathon-bombing-developments.html?hp&pagewanted=all.
 Ann O’Neill, Aaron Cooper and Ray Sanchez, “Boston Marathon bombing Dzhokar Tsarnaev sentenced to death,” CNN, May 17, 2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/15/us/boston-bombing-tsarnaev-sentence/.
 Joe Mozingo, “‘The worst thing imaginable:’ Bodies and blood everywhere after San Bernardino terrorist attack, DOJ report shows,” Los Angeles Times, September 9, 2016, http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-san-bernardino-terror--20160909-snap-story.html.
 Rukmini Callimachi, “Islamic State Says ‘Soldiers of Caliphate’ Attacked in San Bernardino,” New York Times, December 5, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/world/middleeast/islamic-state-san-bernardino-massacre.html.
 AnneClaire Stapleton and Ralph Ellis, “Timeline of Orlando nightclub shooting,” CNN, June 17, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-shooting-timeline/.
 United States Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, “Joint Statement From the Justice Department and FBI Regarding Transcript Related to Orlando Terror Attack,” June 20, 2016, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-justice-department-and-fbi-regarding-transcript-related-orlando-terror-attack.
 Scott Fais, “Mateen to News 13 producer: ‘I’m the shooter. It’s me,’” News 13, June 15, 2016, http://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2016/6/14/orlando_shooting_oma.html.
 Pete Williams, Tom Winter, Andrew Blankstein and Tracy Connor, “Suspect Identified in Ohio State Attack as Abdul Razak Ali Artan,” NBC News, November 28, 2016, http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/suspect-dead-after-ohio-state-university-car-knife-attack-n689076.
 Besheer Mohamed, “A new estimate of the U.S. Muslim population,” Pew Research Center, January 6, 2016, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/06/a-new-estimate-of-the-u-s-muslim-population/.
 Michael Lipka, “Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world,” Pew Research Center, February 27, 2017, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/27/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/.
 Pew Research Center, “Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism,” August 30, 2011, http://people-press.org/files/2011/08/muslim-american-report.pdf.
 Pew Research Center, “Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism”.
 “Terrorism Prevention Partnerhips,” Department of Homeland Security, https://www.dhs.gov/terrorism-prevention-partnerships.
 Christine Rousselle, “Ted Cruz Introduces Bill to Designate Muslim Brotherhood As Terrorist Organization,” Townhall, January 11, 2017, https://townhall.com/tipsheet/christinerousselle/2017/01/11/ted-cruz-introduces-bill-to-designate-muslim-brotherhood-as-terrorist-organization-n2269714.
 Guy Taylor, “How to deal with Muslim Brotherhood triggers Trump White House infighting,” Washington Times, March 27, 2017, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/27/muslim-brotherhood-listing-as-terror-group-delayed/.

References: v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v. 
 v.