Source: https://fra.europa.eu/hu/charterpedia/article/5-rabszolgasag-es-kenyszermunka-tilalma
Timestamp: 2019-10-16 20:21:43+00:00

Document:
5. cikk- A rabszolgaság és a kényszermunka tilalma | European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
1. Az 5. cikk (1) és (2) bekezdésében lefektetett jog megfelel az EJEE azonos szövegezésű 4. cikke (1) és (2) bekezdésének. Tartalma és terjedelme – a Charta 52. cikkének (3) bekezdése értelmében – azonos az EJEE hivatkozott cikkével. Következésképpen:
- az (1) bekezdésben biztosított jog bármely korlátozása jogellenes;
- a (2) bekezdésben említett `kényszermunka vagy kötelező munka` fogalmát az EJEE 4. cikkének (3) bekezdésében található fogalommeghatározásra figyelemmel kell értelmezni:
`3. E cikk szempontjából a `kényszer- vagy kötelező munka` kifejezés nem foglalja magában:
a) azt a munkát, amelyet az Egyezmény 5. cikke rendelkezéseinek megfelelően eszközölt letartóztatás folyamán, vagy az ilyen letartóztatásból történt feltételes szabadlábra helyezés idején általában megkövetelnek;
d) a rendes állampolgári kötelezettségek körébe tartozó munkát vagy szolgálatot.`
2. A (3) bekezdés közvetlenül az emberi méltóságból ered, és figyelemmel van a szervezett bűnözés közelmúltbeli fejlődésére, így az illegális bevándorlásra, vagy a szexuális kizsákmányolásra épülő, haszonszerzési célú hálózatokra. Az Europol-egyezmény melléklete – a szexuális kizsákmányolási célú emberkereskedelemre utaló – következő fogalommeghatározást tartalmazza: `emberkereskedelem: valamely személy tényleges és jogellenes alávetése más személyek akaratának erőszak, fenyegetés vagy megtévesztés alkalmazásával, vagy függőségi viszony kihasználásával, az alábbi céllal: prostituáltak kizsákmányolása, kiskorúak szexuális kizsákmányolásának formái, kiskorúakkal szembeni erőszak vagy elhagyott gyermekekkel folytatott kereskedelem`. Az uniós vívmányok közé illesztett Schengeni Végrehajtási Egyezmény VI. fejezete, amelynek az Egyesült Királyság és Írország is részese, a 27. cikkének (1) bekezdésében az illegális bevándorlásra épülő hálózatokra utaló következő meghatározást tartalmazza: `A Szerződő Felek kötelezettséget vállalnak arra, hogy megfelelő szankciókat vezetnek be azok ellen a személyek ellen, akik anyagi haszonszerzés céljából segítik vagy megkísérlik elősegíteni egy külföldi beutazását a Szerződő Felek egyikének területére, illetve tartózkodását annak területén, megsértve ezzel az illető Szerződő Félnek a külföldiek beutazására és tartózkodására vonatkozó jogszabályait`. 2002. július 19-én a Tanács az emberkereskedelem elleni küzdelemről szóló kerethatározatot fogadott el (HL L 203., 2002.8.1., 1. o.), amelynek 1. cikke részletesen meghatározza azokat a munkára kényszerítéssel vagy szexuális kizsákmányolással összefüggő emberkereskedelemmel kapcsolatos bűncselekményeket, amelyeket a tagállamoknak e kerethatározat alapján büntetendővé kell tenniük.
Article 7 Every liege bond and thraldom is abolished in perpetuity. Every obligation or performance which encumbers property held in fee is commutable and for the future no real property may be burdened with a performance of that kind which cannot be commuted.
Artikel 7 Jeder Unterthänigkeits- und Hörigkeitsverband ist für immer aufgeho-ben. Jede aus dem Titel des getheilten Eigenthumes auf Liegenschaften haftende Schuldigkeit oder Leistung ist ablösbar, und es darf in Zukunft keine Liegenschaft mit einer derartigen unablösbaren Leistung belastet werden.
Article 4 1. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. 2. No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. 3. For the purpose of this Article the term “forced or compulsory labour” shall not include: a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such detention; b) any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service; c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community; d) any work or service which forms part of normal civic.
Artikel 4 (1) Niemand darf in Sklaverei oder Leibeigenschaft gehalten werden. (2) Niemand darf gezwungen werden, Zwangs- oder Pflichtarbeit zu verrichten. (3) Als „Zwangs- oder Pflichtarbeit“ im Sinne dieses Artikels gilt nicht: a) jede Arbeit, die normalerweise von einer Person verlangt wird, die unter den von Artikel 5 der vorliegenden Konvention vorgesehenen Bedingungen in Haft gehalten oder bedingt freigelassen worden ist; b) jede Dienstleistung militärischen Charakters, oder im Falle der Verweigerung aus Gewissensgründen in Ländern, wo diese als berechtigt anerkannt ist, eine sonstige an Stelle der militärischen Dienstpflicht tretende Dienstleistung; c) jede Dienstleistung im Falle von Notständen und Katastrophen, die das Leben oder das Wohl der Gemeinschaft bedrohen; d) jede Arbeit oder Dienstleistung, die zu den normalen Bürgerpflichten gehört.
The Belgian Penal Code
Article 433 quinquies (inserted by law of 2005-08-10/61, art.10 ; in force 12-09-2005) §1 ; amended by law 2013-04-29/15, art.2 and 2013-06-24/24; in force 02-08-2013) §1 In the event the crime results in human trafficking, the recruitment, the transport, transmission, accommodation, sheltering of a person or taking control over that person with the aim to:
1° Exploit prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation;
2°Exploit begging;
3.°Preform work or services in circumstances who are contrary to the provisions on human dignity.
4.°Remove organs which is contrary to the law of 13 June 1986 regarding the removal and transplantation of organs and human body materials, and the law of 19 December 2008 regarding the acquirement and usage of human body materials with the aim of medical application on humans or medical research.
5°Force a person to commit a crime and misdemeanour against his or her will. Except in 5°, is the permission of the person mentioned in the first section for the intended or actual exploitation, of no relevance. §2 The crime mentioned in §1, will be punished with a sentence of one to five years and with a fine of 500 EUR to 50.000EUR. §3 Attempt to the crime mentioned in §1, will be punished with a sentence of one to three years and with a fine of 100 EUR to 10.000 EUR. §4 The fine will be applied as many times as there are victims.
Read more about The Belgian Penal Code
Art. 433quinquies. (Inséré par L 2005-08-10/61, art. 10; En vigueur : 12-09-2005; modifié par L 2013-04-29/15, art.2 et L 2013-06-24/24; En vigueur 02-08-2013)§ 1er. Constitue l'infraction de traite des êtres humains le fait de recruter, de transporter, de transférer, d'héberger, d'accueillir une personne, de prendre ou de transférer le contrôle exercé sur elle :
5° ou afin de faire commettre par cette personne un crime ou un délit, contre son gré.
Sauf dans le cas visé au 5, le consentement de la personne visée à l'alinéa 1er à l'exploitation envisagée ou effective est indifférent.
§ 2. L'infraction prévue au § 1er sera punie d'un emprisonnement d'un an à cinq ans et d'une amende de cinq cents euros à cinquante mille euros.
§ 3. La tentative de commettre l'infraction visée au § 1er sera punie d'un emprisonnement d'un an à trois ans et d'une amende de cent euros à dix mille euros.
§ 4. L'amende sera appliquée autant de fois quil y a de victimes.
Read more about Code Pénal
Het Belgisch Strafwetboek
Art. 433quinquies. (Ingevoegd bij W 2005-08-10/61, art. 10; Inwerkingtreding : 12-09-2005 ; geamendeerd bij W 2013-0429/15, art. 2 en W 2013-06-24/24; Inwerkingtreding : 02-08-2013)§ 1. Levert het misdrijf mensenhandel op, de werving, het vervoer, de overbrenging, de huisvesting, de opvang van een persoon, het nemen of de overdracht van de controle over hem met als doel :
1° de uitbuiting van prostitutie of andere vormen van seksuele uitbuiting;
2° de uitbuiting van bedelarij;
3° het verrichten van werk of het verlenen van diensten, in omstandigheden die in strijd zijn met de menselijke waardigheid;
4° het wegnemen van organen in strijd met de wet van 13 juni 1986 betreffende het wegnemen en transplanteren van organen, of van menselijk lichaamsmateriaal in strijd met de wet van 19 december 2008 inzake het verkrijgen en het gebruik van menselijk lichaamsmateriaal met het oog op de geneeskundige toepassing op de mens of het wetenschappelijk onderzoek;
5° of deze persoon tegen zijn wil een misdaad of een wanbedrijf te doen plegen.
Behalve in het in 5 bedoelde geval is de toestemming van de in het eerste lid bedoelde persoon met de voorgenomen of daadwerkelijke uitbuiting van geen belang.
§ 2. Het in § 1 bedoelde misdrijf wordt gestraft met gevangenisstraf van één jaar tot vijf jaar en met geldboete van vijfhonderd euro tot vijftigduizend euro.
§ 3. Poging tot het in § 1 bedoelde misdrijf wordt gestraft met gevangenisstraf van één jaar tot drie jaar en met geldboete van honderd euro tot tienduizend euro. § 4. De boete wordt zo veel keer toegepast als er slachtoffers zijn.
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Art. 48. [...] (4) No one shall be compelled to do forced labour.[...]
Чл. 48. [...] (4) Никой не може да бъде заставян да извършва принудителен труд.[...]
1. Ουδείς τελεί εις κατάστασιν δουλείας ή υποτελείας.
2. Ουδείς εξαναγκάζεται εις εκτέλεσιν αναγκαστικής ή υποχρεωτικής εργασίας.
3. Ο εν τω παρόντι άρθρω όρος «αναγκαστική ή υποχρεωτική εργασία» δεν περιλαμβάνει:
(α) οιανδήποτε εργασίαν επιβαλλομένην κατά την κανονικήν διάρκειαν της κρατήσεως συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι του άρθρου 11 του Συντάγματος ή κατά την διάρκειαν της υπό όρον απολύσεως από τοιαύτης κρατήσεως,
(β) οιανδήποτε τυχόν επιβληθησομένην στρατιωτικού χαρακτήρος υπηρεσίαν ή, προκειμένου περί των κατά συνείδησιν εναντιουμένων εις αυτήν και υπό την προϋπόθεσιν της αναγνωρίσεως αυτών υπό νόμου, υπηρεσίαν επιβαλλομένην αντί της στρατιωτικής υποχρεωτικής υπηρεσίας, και
(γ) οιανδήποτε υπηρεσίαν επιβαλλομένην εις περίπτωσιν καταστάσεως εκτάκτου ανάγκης ή συμφοράς απειλούσης την ζωήν ή την ευημερίαν του λαού.
2. No person shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
3. For the purposes of this Article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include -
(a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 11 or during conditional release from such detention;
(b) any service of a military character if imposed or, in case of conscientious objectors, subject to their recognition by a law, service exacted instead of compulsory military service;
(c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the inhabitants.
Article 9 (1) No one may be subjected to forced labour or service. (2) The provision of paragraph 1 shall not apply to: (a) labour imposed in accordance with law upon persons serving a prison sentence or upon persons serving other penalties that take the place of the penalty of imprisonment, (b) military service or some other service provided for by law in place of compulsory military service, (c) service required on the basis of law in the event of natural disasters, accidents, or other danger threatening human life, health, or property of significant value, (d) conduct imposed by law for the protection of life, health, or the rights of others.
Článek 9 (1) Nikdo nesmí být podroben nuceným pracím nebo službám. (2) Ustanovení odstavce 1 se nevztahuje na: (a) práce ukládané podle zákona osobám ve výkonu trestu odnětí svobody nebo osobám vykonávajícím jiný trest nahrazující trest odnětí svobody, (b) vojenskou službu nebo jinou službu stanovenou zákonem namísto povinné vojenské služby, (c) službu vyžadovanou na základě zákona v případě živelních pohrom, nehod, nebo jiného nebezpečí, které ohrožuje životy, zdraví nebo značné majetkové hodnoty, (d) jednání uložené zákonem pro ochranu života, zdraví nebo práv druhých.
Article 29. (…) No one may be compelled to perform work or service against his or her free will, except for service in the defence forces or alternative service, or work required to prevent the spread of an infectious disease or to contain a natural disaster or catastrophe, or work which a convicted offender is required to perform according to the law and pursuant to a procedure established by law. (…)
§ 133 - Trafficking in human beings.
(1) Placing a person in a situation where he or she is forced to marry, work under unusual conditions, engage in prostitution, beg, commit a criminal offence or perform other disagreeable duties, and keeping a person in such situation, if such act is performed through deprivation of liberty, violence, deceit, threatening to cause damage, by taking advantage of dependence on another person, helpless or vulnerable situation of the person,
is punishable by one to seven years’ imprisonment.
Read more about Penal Code
§ 29. (...) Kedagi ei tohi sundida tema vaba tahte vastaselt tööle ega teenistusse, välja arvatud kaitseväeteenistus või selle asendusteenistus, tööd nakkushaiguse leviku tõkestamisel, loodusõnnetuse ja katastroofi korral ning töö, mida seaduse alusel ja korras peab tegema süüdimõistetu. (...)
§ 133. Inimkaubandus.
(1) Inimese asetamise eest olukorda, kus ta on sunnitud abielluma, töötama tavapäratutel tingimustel, tegelema prostitutsiooniga, kerjama, panema toime kuriteo või täitma muud vastumeelset kohustust, samuti inimese sellises olukorras hoidmise eest, kui tegu on toime pandud vabaduse võtmise, vägivalla, pettuse, kahju tekitamisega ähvardamise, teisest isikust sõltuvuse, abitu seisundi või haavatava seisundi ärakasutamisega, – karistatakse ühe- kuni seitsmeaastase vangistusega.
Read more about Karistusseadustik
Article 12 (1) All Germans shall have the right freely to choose their occupation or profession, their place of work and their place of training. The practice of an occupation or profession may be regulated by or pursuant to a law. (2) No person may be required to perform work of a particular kind except within the framework of a traditional duty of community service that applies generally and equally to all. (3) Forced labour may be imposed only on persons deprived of their liberty by the judgment of a court. Article 12 a(1) Men who have attained the age of eighteen may be required to serve in the Armed Forces, in the Federal Border Police, or in a civil defence organisation. (2) Any person who, on grounds of conscience, refuses to render military service involving the use of arms may be required to perform alternative service. The duration of alternative service shall not exceed that of military service. Details shall be regulated by a law, which shall not interfere with the freedom to make a decision in accordance with the dictates of conscience, and which shall also provide for the possibility of alternative service not connected with units of the Armed Forces or of the Federal Border Police. (...)
Section 232 Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation(1) Whoever exploits another person through a coercive situation or the helplessness that is associated with their stay in a foreign country to induce them to take up or continue in prostitution, to commit sexual acts on or in front of the perpetrator or a third party through which they are exploited, or to allow them to be committed on the person by the perpetrator or a third party, shall be punished with imprisonment from six months to ten years. Whoever induces a person under twenty-one years of age to take up or continue in prostitution or any of the other sexual acts designated in sentence 1 shall be similarly punished.(2) An attempt is punishable.(3) Imprisonment from one to ten years shall be imposed, if:1. the victim of the offence is a child (Section 176 subsection (1)); 2. the perpetrator seriously physically maltreats the victim through the act or places the victim in danger of death through the act; or 3. the perpetrator committed the offence on a commercial basis or as a member of a gang that has combined for the continued commission of such acts. (4) Punishment for the acts named in subsection (3) will also be imposed on whoever: 1. induces another person with force, threat of appreciable harm, or trickery to take up or continue prostitution or any of the other sexual acts designated in subsection (1) sentence 1, or 2. seizes another person by force, threat of appreciable harm, or trickery to induce them to take up or continue prostitution or any of the other sexual acts designated in subsection (1) sentence 1. (5) In less serious cases under subsection (1) imprisonment from three months to five years shall be imposed; in less serious cases under subsections (3) and (4) imprisonment from six months to five years shall be imposed. (...) Section 233: Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of the Exploitation of Workers(1) Whoever exploits another person through a coercive situation or the helplessness that is associated with their stay in a foreign country to induce them into slavery, serfdom, or debt bondage, or to take up or continue work with him or a third party under working conditions that are strikingly disproportionate to the working conditions of other workers who perform the same or a comparable activity, shall be punished with imprisonment from six months to ten years. Whoever induces a person under twenty-one years of age into slavery, serfdom, or debt bondage, or to take up or continue work as designated in sentence 1 shall be similarly punished. (2) An attempt is punishable. (3) Section 232 subsections (3) through (5) shall apply mutatis mutandis.Section 233a: Promotion of Trafficking in Human Beings (1) Whoever abets trafficking in human beings according to Section 232 or Section 233 by recruiting, promoting, passing on, harbouring, or picking up another person shall be punished with imprisonment from three months to five years. (2) Imprisonment from six months to ten years shall be imposed, if: 1. the victim of the offence is a child (Section 176 subsection (1)); 2. the perpetrator seriously physically maltreats the victim through the act or places the victim in danger of death through the act; or 3. the perpetrator committed the offence with force, the threat of appreciable harm, on a commercial basis, or as a member of a gang that has combined for the continued commission of such acts.
Read more about Criminal Code
Artikel 12 (1) Alle Deutschen haben das Recht, Beruf, Arbeitsplatz und Ausbildungsstätte frei zu wählen. Die Berufsausübung kann durch Gesetz oder auf Grund eines Gesetzes geregelt werden. (2) Niemand darf zu einer bestimmten Arbeit gezwungen werden, außer im Rahmen einer herkömmlichen allgemeinen, für alle gleichen öffentlichen Dienstleistungspflicht. (3) Zwangsarbeit ist nur bei einer gerichtlich angeordneten Freiheitsentziehung zulässig. Artikel 12a (1) Männer können vom vollendeten achtzehnten Lebensjahr an zum Dienst in den Streitkräften, im Bundesgrenzschutz oder in einem Zivilschutzverband verpflichtet werden. (2) Wer aus Gewissensgründen den Kriegsdienst mit der Waffe verweigert, kann zu einem Ersatzdienst verpflichtet werden. Die Dauer des Ersatzdienstes darf die Dauer des Wehrdienstes nicht übersteigen. Das Nähere regelt ein Gesetz, das die Freiheit der Gewissensentscheidung nicht beeinträchtigen darf und auch eine Möglichkeit des Ersatzdienstes vorsehen muß, die in keinem Zusammenhang mit den Verbänden der Streitkräfte und des Bundesgrenzschutzes steht. (...)
§ 232 Menschenhandel zum Zweck der sexuellen Ausbeutung(1) Wer eine andere Person unter Ausnutzung einer Zwangslage oder der Hilflosigkeit, die mit ihrem Aufenthalt in einem fremden Land verbunden ist, zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung der Prostitution oder dazu bringt, sexuelle Handlungen, durch die sie ausgebeutet wird, an oder vor dem Täter oder einem Dritten vorzunehmen oder von dem Täter oder einem Dritten an sich vornehmen zu lassen, wird mit Freiheitsstrafe von sechs Monaten bis zu zehn Jahren bestraft. Ebenso wird bestraft, wer eine Person unter einundzwanzig Jahren zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung der Prostitution oder zu den sonst in Satz 1 bezeichneten sexuellen Handlungen bringt.(2) Der Versuch ist strafbar. (3) Auf Freiheitsstrafe von einem Jahr bis zu zehn Jahren ist zu erkennen, wenn 1.das Opfer der Tat ein Kind (§ 176 Abs. 1) ist, 2.der Täter das Opfer bei der Tat körperlich schwer misshandelt oder durch die Tat in die Gefahr des Todes bringt oder 3.der Täter die Tat gewerbsmäßig oder als Mitglied einer Bande, die sich zur fortgesetzten Begehung solcher Taten verbunden hat, begeht. (4) Nach Absatz 3 wird auch bestraft, wer 1.eine andere Person mit Gewalt, durch Drohung mit einem empfindlichen Übel oder durch List zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung der Prostitution oder zu den sonst in Absatz 1 Satz 1 bezeichneten sexuellen Handlungen bringt oder 2.sich einer anderen Person mit Gewalt, durch Drohung mit einem empfindlichen Übel oder durch List bemächtigt, um sie zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung der Prostitution oder zu den sonst in Absatz 1 Satz 1 bezeichneten sexuellen Handlungen zu bringen. (5) In minder schweren Fällen des Absatzes 1 ist auf Freiheitsstrafe von drei Monaten bis zu fünf Jahren, in minder schweren Fällen der Absätze 3 und 4 ist auf Freiheitsstrafe von sechs Monaten bis zu fünf Jahren zu erkennen. § 233 Menschenhandel zum Zweck der Ausbeutung der Arbeitskraft(1) Wer eine andere Person unter Ausnutzung einer Zwangslage oder der Hilflosigkeit, die mit ihrem Aufenthalt in einem fremden Land verbunden ist, in Sklaverei, Leibeigenschaft oder Schuldknechtschaft oder zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung einer Beschäftigung bei ihm oder einem Dritten zu Arbeitsbedingungen, die in einem auffälligen Missverhältnis zu den Arbeitsbedingungen anderer Arbeitnehmerinnen oder Arbeitnehmer stehen, welche die gleiche oder eine vergleichbare Tätigkeit ausüben, bringt, wird mit Freiheitsstrafe von sechs Monaten bis zu zehn Jahren bestraft. Ebenso wird bestraft, wer eine Person unter einundzwanzig Jahren in Sklaverei, Leibeigenschaft oder Schuldknechtschaft oder zur Aufnahme oder Fortsetzung einer in Satz 1 bezeichneten Beschäftigung bringt. (2) Der Versuch ist strafbar. (3) § 232 Abs. 3 bis 5 gilt entsprechend.§ 233a Förderung des Menschenhandels(1) Wer einem Menschenhandel nach § 232 oder § 233 Vorschub leistet, indem er eine andere Person anwirbt, befördert, weitergibt, beherbergt oder aufnimmt, wird mit Freiheitsstrafe von drei Monaten bis zu fünf Jahren bestraft. (2) Auf Freiheitsstrafe von sechs Monaten bis zu zehn Jahren ist zu erkennen, wenn 1.das Opfer der Tat ein Kind (§ 176 Abs. 1) ist, 2.der Täter das Opfer bei der Tat körperlich schwer misshandelt oder durch die Tat in die Gefahr des Todes bringt oder 3.der Täter die Tat mit Gewalt oder durch Drohung mit einem empfindlichen Übel oder gewerbsmäßig oder als Mitglied einer Bande, die sich zur fortgesetzten Begehung solcher Taten verbunden hat, begeht. (3) Der Versuch ist strafbar.
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Άρθρο 22(4). Oπoιαδήπoτε μoρφή αναγκαστικής εργασίας απαγoρεύεται. Eιδικoί νόμoι ρυθμίζoυν τα σχετικά με την επίταξη πρoσωπικών υπηρεσιών σε περίπτωση πoλέμoυ ή επιστράτευσης ή για την αντιμετώπιση αναγκών της άμυνας της Xώρας ή επείγoυσας κoινωνικής ανάγκης από θεoμηνία ή ανάγκης πoυ μπoρεί να θέσει σε κίνδυνo τη δημόσια υγεία, καθώς και τα σχετικά με την πρoσφoρά πρoσωπικής εργασίας στoυς oργανισμoύς τoπικής αυτoδιoίκησης για την ικανoπoίηση τoπικών αναγκών [...]
Article 22(4) Any form of compulsory work is prohibited. Special laws shall determine the requisition of personal services in case of war or mobilization or to face defence needs of the country or urgent social emergencies resulting from disasters or liable to endanger public health, as well as the contribution of personal work to local government agencies to satisfy local needs. (...)
Article III (Freedom and Responsibility) (1) No one shall be subject to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or held in servitude. Trafficking in human beings shall be prohibited. […]
III. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) (1) Senkit nem lehet kínzásnak, embertelen, megalázó bánásmódnak vagy büntetésnek alávetni, valamint szolgaságban tartani. Tilos az emberkereskedelem. […]
Article 45 [Social Policy](...) (4.2) The State shall endeavor to ensure that the strength and health of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children shall not be abused and that citizens shall not be forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their sex, age or strength.
Read more about Criminal Law (Human Trafficking) Act 2008
Read more about Child Trafficking and Pornography Act, 1998
106. (…) Forced labour is prohibited. Participation in the relief of disasters and their effects, and work pursuant to a court order shall not be deemed forced labour.
106. (…) Piespiedu darbs ir aizliegts. Par piespiedu darbu netiek uzskatīta iesaistīšana katastrofu un to seku likvidēšanā un nodarbināšana saskaņā ar tiesas nolēmumu.
Article 48. (...) Forced labour shall be prohibited. Military service or alternative service performed instead of military service, as well as work performed by citizens in time of war, natural disaster, epidemics, or other extreme cases, shall not be considered forced labour. In cases where persons convicted by a court perform work regulated by law, such work shall not be considered forced labour, either.
48 straipsnis. (...) Priverčiamasis darbas draudžiamas. Priverčiamuoju darbu nelaikoma tarnyba kariuomenėje ar ją pakeičianti alternatyvioji tarnyba, taip pat piliečių darbas karo, stichinės nelaimės, epidemijos ar kitais ypatingais atvejais. Priverčiamuoju darbu nelaikomas ir įstatymo reguliuojamas teismo nuteistųjų darbas.
Article 35(1) No person shall be required to perform forced labour.(2) For the purposes of this section, the expression "forced labour" does not include(a) any labour required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court;(b) labour required of any person while he is lawfully detained by sentence or order of a court that, though not required in consequence of such sentence or order, is reasonably necessary in the interests of hygiene or for the maintenance of the place at which he is detained or, if he is detained for the purpose of his care, treatment, education or welfare, is reasonably required for that purpose;(c) any labour required of a member of a disciplined force in pursuance of his duties as such or, in the case of a person who has conscientious objections to service as a member of a naval, military or air force, any labour that that person is required by law to perform in place of such service;(d) any labour required during a period of public emergency or in the event of any other emergency or calamity that threatens the life or well-being of the community.
54C.(1) A crime against humanity is committed where any of the following acts is committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:(a) murder; (b) extermination; (c) enslavement; (d) deportation or forcible transfer of population; (e) imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law; (f) torture; (g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity; (2) For the purpose of subarticle (1) - (a) ''attack directed against any civilian population'' means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in subarticle (1) against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack; (b) ''extermination'' includes the intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population; (c) ''enslavement'' means the exercise of any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over a person and includes the exercise of such power in the course of trafficking in persons, in particular women and children; (d) ''deportation or forcible transfer of population'' means forced displacement of the persons concerned by expulsion or other coercive acts from the area in which they are lawfully present, without grounds permitted under international law; (e) ''torture'' means the intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions; (f) ''forced pregnancy'' means the unlawful confinement of a woman forcibly made pregnant, with the intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other grave violations of international law. This definition shall not in any way be interpreted as affecting national laws relating to pregnancy; (g) ''persecution'' means the intentional and severe deprivation of fundamental rights contrary to international law by reason of the identity of the group or collectivity; (h) ''the crime of apartheid'' means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in subarticle (1), committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime; (i) ''enforced disappearance of persons'' means the arrest, detention or abduction of persons by, or with the authorization, support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of those persons, with the intention of removing them from the protection of the law for a prolonged period of time.
Read more about Criminal Code, Cap. 9 of the Laws of Malta
Kostituzzjoni ta' Malta
35. (1) Ħadd ma għandu jkun meħtieġ jagħmel xogħol furzat. (2) Għall-finijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, il-frażi "xogħol furzat" ma tinkludix - (a) xi xogħol meħtieġ b’konsegwenza tas-sentenza jew ordni ta’ qorti; (b) xogħol meħtieġ mingħand xi ħadd waqt li jkun legalment detenut b’sentenza jew ordni ta’ qorti li, għalkemm ma jkunx meħtieġ b’konsegwenza ta’ dik is- sentenza jew ordni, ikun meħtieġ raġonevolment flinteressi tal-iġjene jew għat-tiżmim tal-post li fih ikun detenut jew, jekk ikun detenut għall-iskop tal-kura, trattament, edukazzjoni jew ġid tiegħu, ikun raġonevolment meħtieġ għal dak l-iskop; (ċ) xi xogħol meħtieġ mingħand membru ta’ korp dixxiplinat minħabba d-dmirijiet tiegħu bħala tali jew, fil-każ ta’ persuna li jkollha oġġezzjonijiet ta’ kuxjenza għal servizz bħala membru ta’ forza navali, militari jew tal-ajru, xi xogħol li dik il-persuna hija meħtieġa b’liġi li taqdi minflok dak is-servizz; (d) xi xogħol meħtieġ matul perijodu ta’ emerġenza pubblika jew fil-każ ta’ xi emerġenza oħra jew kalamità li thedded il-ħajja jew il-ġid tal-komunità.
54Ċ. (1) Isir delitt kontra l-umanità meta jitwettaq xi att minn dawn li ġejjin bħala parti minn attakk, mifrux jew sistematiku, dirett kontra xi popolazzjoni ċivili, b’għarfien tal-attakk: (a) omiċidju; (b) esterminazzjoni; (ċ) tjassir; (d) deportazzjoni jew trasferiment ta’ popolazzjoni bilforza; (e) priġunerija jew deprivazzjoni oħra ħarxa tal-libertà fiżika bi ksur tar-regoli fondamentali tal-liġi internazzjonali; (f) tortura; (g) stupru, jasar skont is-sess, prostituzzjoni kostretta, tqala kostretta, sterilizzazzjoni kostretta, jew kull forma oħra ta’ vjolenza sesswali li tkun daqstant gravi; (h) persekuzzjoni kontra xi grupp identifikabbli jew kollettività għal raġunijiet politiċi, razzjali, nazzjonali, etniċi, kulturali, reliġjużi, ta’ ġeneru sesswali kif imfisser fis-subartikolu (3), jew għal raġunijiet oħra li huma universalment rikonoxxuti bħala mhux permissibbli taħt il-liġi internazzjonali, f’konnessjoni ma’ xi att imsemmi f’dan is-subartikolu jew xi delitt taħt l-artikolu 54A; (i) għajbien mġiegħel ta’ persuni; (j) id-delitt ta’ apartheid; (k) atti oħra kontra l-bniedem ta’ xorta simili li xjentement jikkaġunaw tbatija kbira, jew ħsara gravi fil-ġisem jew fil-moħħ jew fis-saħħa fiżika. (2) Għall-finijiet tas-subartikolu (1) – (a) "attakk dirett kontra xi popolazzjoni ċivili" tfisser dik ix-xorta ta’ mġieba li tinvolvi l-għemil għal bosta drabi tal-atti msemmija fis-subartikolu (1) kontra popolazzjoni ċivili, konformement jew bi tkomplija ta’ xi politka Statali jew organizzazzjonali li jitwettaq dak l-attakk; (b) "esterminazzjoni" tinkludi l-impożizzjoni bil-ħsieb ta’ kondizzjonijiet ta’ ħajja, fost l-oħrajn il-privazzjoni ta’ aċċess għall-ikel u mediċina, meqjusa biex iġibu lqirda ta’ xi parti mill-popolazzjoni; (ċ) "tjassir" tfisser it-twettiq ta’ xi poter jew tal-poteri kollha relattivi għall-jedd ta’ proprjetà fuq persuna u tinkludi t-twettiq ta’ dik is-setgħa fil-kors tat-traffikar fil-persuni, b’mod partikolari tan-nisa u t-tfal; (d) "deportazzjoni jew trasferiment ta’ popolazzjoni bilforza" tfisser ċ-ċaqlieq tal-persuni milquta b’atti ta’ espulsjoni jew atti oħra ta’ ġegħil mill-area fejn dawn ikunu preżenti skont il-liġi, bla ebda raġuni li tkun permessa taħt il-liġi internazzjonali; (e) "tortura" tfisser l-impożizzjoni bil-ħsieb ta’ uġigħ jew tbatija ħorox, kemm fiżiċi kemm mentali, fuq persuna fil-kustodja jew taħt il-kontroll tal-akkużat; ħlief li ttortura ma għandhiex tinkludi uġigħ jew tbatija li jitnisslu biss minn, huma inerenti fi jew inċidentali għal, sanzjonijiet leġittimi; (f) "tqala kostretta" tfisser id-detenzjoni mġiegħla kontra l-liġi ta’ mara li tkun saret tqila bil-forza, bil-ħsieb li tintlaqat il-kompożizzjoni etnika ta’ xi popolazzjoni jew li jitwettqu vjolazzjonijiet oħra serji tal-liġi internazzjonali. Din it-tifsira ma għandha b’ebda mod tkun imfissra bħala li tolqot il-liġijiet nazzjonali konnessi mat-tqala; (g) "persekuzzjoni" tfisser id-deprivazzjoni maħsuba u ħarxa tad-drittijiet fondamentali kuntrarju għal-liġi internazzjonali minħabba fl-identità tal-grupp jew kollettività;
Article 65(...) 2. An obligation to work may be imposed only by statute. (...)
Art. 65.(...) 2. Obowiązek pracy może być nałożony tylko przez ustawę. (...)
Artigo 25.º (Direito à integridade pessoal) 2. Ninguém pode ser submetido a tortura, nem a tratos ou penas cruéis, degradantes ou desumanos. Artigo 59.º (Direitos dos trabalhadores) 1. Todos os trabalhadores, sem distinção de idade, sexo, raça, cidadania, território de origem, religião, convicções políticas ou ideológicas, têm direito: a) À retribuição do trabalho, segundo a quantidade, natureza e qualidade, observando-se o princípio de que para trabalho igual salário igual, de forma a garantir uma existência condigna; b) A organização do trabalho em condições socialmente dignificantes, de forma a facultar a realização pessoal e a permitir a conciliação da actividade profissional com a vida familiar; c) A prestação do trabalho em condições de higiene, segurança e saúde; d) Ao repouso e aos lazeres, a um limite máximo da jornada de trabalho, ao descanso semanal e a férias periódicas pagas.
Article 25 (Right to personal integrity) (2) No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment or punishment. Article 59 (Workers’ rights) (1) Regardless of age, sex, race, citizenship, place of origin, religion and political and ideological convictions, every worker has the right: (a) To the remuneration of his work in accordance with its volume, nature and quality, with respect for the principle of equal pay for equal work and in such a way as to guarantee a proper living; (b) That work be organised under conditions of social dignity and in such a way as to provide personal fulfilment and to make it possible to reconcile work and family life; (c) To work in conditions that are hygienic, safe and healthy; (d) To rest and leisure time, a maximum limit on the working day, a weekly rest period and periodic paid holidays.
Article 42(1) Forced labour is prohibited. (2) Forced labour does not include: a) activities of doing the military service, as well as activities performed in lieu thereof, according to the law, due to religious or conscience-related reasons; b) the work of a sentenced person, carried out under normal conditions, during detention or conditional release; c) any services required to deal with a calamity or any other danger, as well as those which are part of normal civil obligations as established by law.
Articolul 42(1) Munca fortata este interzisa. (2) Nu constituie munca fortata: a) activitatile pentru îndeplinirea îndatoririlor militare, precum si cele desfasurate, potrivit legii, în locul acestora, din motive religioase sau de constiinta; b) munca unei persoane condamnate, prestata în conditii normale, în perioada de detentie sau de libertate conditionata; c) prestatiile impuse în situatia creata de calamitati ori de alt pericol, precum si cele care fac parte din obligatiile civile normale stabilite de lege.
Article 18 (1) No one may be subjected to forced labor, or services. (2) The provision of paragraph 1 does not apply to a) work assigned according to law to persons serving a prison sentence or persons serving other sentence substituting a prison sentence, b) military service or other service laid down by law in lieu of compulsory military service, c) services required on the basis of the law in the event of natural disasters, accidents, or other dangers posing a threat to life, health, or property of great value, d) activities prescribed by law to protect life, health, or the rights of others, e) small community services on the basis of the law.
Čl. 18(1) Nikoho nemožno poslať na nútené práce alebo nútené služby. (2) Ustanovenie odseku 1 sa nevzťahuje na a) práce ukladané podľa zákona osobám vo výkone trestu odňatia slobody alebo osobám vykonávajúcim iný trest nahrádzajúci trest odňatia slobody, b) vojenskú službu alebo inú službu ustanovenú zákonom namiesto povinnej vojenskej služby, c) službu vyžadovanú na základe zákona v prípade živelných pohrôm, nehôd alebo iného nebezpečenstva, ktoré ohrozuje životy, zdravie alebo značné majetkové hodnoty, d) konanie uložené zákonom na ochranu života, zdravia alebo práv iných, e) menšie obecné služby na základe zákona.
49. člen Zagotovljena je svoboda dela. Vsakdo prosto izbira zaposlitev. Vsakomur je pod enakimi pogoji dostopno vsako delovno mesto. Prisilno delo je prepovedano.
Section 25(...) 2. Punishments entailing imprisonment and security measures shall be aimed at reeducation and social rehabilitation and may not involve forced labour. (...)
Artículo 25 (...) 2. Las penas privativas de libertad y las medidas de seguridad estarán orientadas hacia la reeducación y reinserción social y no podrán consistir en trabajos forzados. (...)
Section 1 Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour
Read more about Modern Slavery Act 2015
Section 2 Human trafficking
Section 3 Meaning of exploitation
Section 57 Trafficking into the UK for sexual exploitation (1) A person commits an offence if he intentionally arranges or facilitates the arrival in the United Kingdom of another person (B) and either— (a) he intends to do anything to or in respect of B, after B’s arrival but in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to do something to or in respect of B, after B’s arrival but in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence. (2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable— (a) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both; (b) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.Section 58 Trafficking within the UK for sexual exploitation (1) A person commits an offence if he intentionally arranges or facilitates travel within the United Kingdom by another person (B) and either— (a) he intends to do anything to or in respect of B, during or after the journey and in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to do something to or in respect of B, during or after the journey and in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence. (...)Section 59 Trafficking out of the UK for sexual exploitation (1) A person commits an offence if he intentionally arranges or facilitates the departure from the United Kingdom of another person (B) and either— (a) he intends to do anything to or in respect of B, after B’s departure but in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to do something to or in respect of B, after B’s departure but in any part of the world, which if done will involve the commission of a relevant offence. (2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable— (a) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both; (b) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years.
Read more about Sexual Offences Act 2003
Section 4. Trafficking people for exploitation (1) A person commits an offence if he arranges or facilitates the arrival in the United Kingdom of an individual (the "passenger") and- (a) he intends to exploit the passenger in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to exploit the passenger in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. (2) A person commits an offence if he arranges or facilitates travel within the United Kingdom by an individual (the "passenger") in respect of whom he believes that an offence under subsection (1) may have been committed and- (a) he intends to exploit the passenger in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to exploit the passenger in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. (3) A person commits an offence if he arranges or facilitates the departure from the United Kingdom of an individual (the "passenger") and- (a) he intends to exploit the passenger outside the United Kingdom, or (b) he believes that another person is likely to exploit the passenger outside the United Kingdom. (4) For the purposes of this section a person is exploited if (and only if)- (a) he is the victim of behaviour that contravenes Article 4 of the Human Rights Convention (slavery and forced labour), (b) he is encouraged, required or expected to do anything as a result of which he or another person would commit an offence under the Human Organ Transplants Act 1989 (c. 31) or the Human Organ Transplants (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/2408 (N.I. 21)), (c) he is subjected to force, threats or deception designed to induce him- (i) to provide services of any kind, (ii) to provide another person with benefits of any kind, or (iii) to enable another person to acquire benefits of any kind, or (d) he is requested or induced to undertake any activity, having been chosen as the subject of the request or inducement on the grounds that- (i) he is mentally or physically ill or disabled, he is young or he has a family relationship with a person, and (ii) a person without the illness, disability, youth or family relationship would be likely to refuse the request or resist the inducement. (5) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable- (a) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 14 years, to a fine or to both, or (b) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both.Article 4 ECHR is also incorporated through the Human Rights Act 1998
Read more about Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004
Ireland / High Court / [2015] IEHC 222
Poland / Supreme Administrative Court / I ONP 1/14
Read more about Protecting migrant workers from exploitation in the EU: workers’ perspectives
Read more about Out of sight: migrant women exploited in domestic work
Read more about Migration to the EU: five persistent challenges
Read more about Guardianship systems for children deprived of parental care in the European Union - Summary
Read more about Guardianship systems for children deprived of parental care in the European Union
Read more about Fundamental rights at land borders: findings from selected European Union border crossing points Summary
Read more about Fundamental rights at land borders: findings from selected European Union border crossing points
Read more about Child Trafficking in the EU - Challenges, perspectives and good practices

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