Source: https://learnnigerianlaws.com/index.php/upcoming-events/tag/sabi%20law
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 22:48:58+00:00

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Gone are the days of free, safe and unguarded internet and communication in Nigeria. The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, has powers to declare any computer, website, system or data as vital and critical National Information Infrastructure to Nigeria. And as such, he regulates and makes guidelines and rules for their use, protection, access and control in any part of Nigeria. The President can make such declaration by an Executive Order published in the Federal Gazette upon recommendation of the National Security Adviser. And such Presidential Order empowers the National Security Adviser To audit and inspect at any time any device or system declared as critical national information infrastructure.
My authorities are sections 3, 58 and 59 of the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc.) Act, 2015.
Since 1983, unlawful removal, disconnection, damage, tampering or interference with any electrical fittings, meter or appliances used for generation, transmission, distribution or sell of electricity in any part of Nigeria, has been a criminal offence.
The above offence is punishable with imprisonment for not more than 21 years.
My authorities are sections 1(10) and 5 of the Miscellaneous Offences Act, 1983.
Power of attorney can be written for any purpose. It is an authority/consent given by any person to anyone to do or not to do anything on behalf of the giver of such consent.
Courts MUST presume any document claiming to be power of attorney to be a genuine power of attorney if such power of attorney was signed and authenticated by a Notary Public or any Judge or Magistrate, consul or Nigeria representative or Presidential representative. Once a power of attorney is signed and authenticated by any of the persons mentioned above, such document will be accepted by any court as a good evidence of power of attorney.
My authorities are sections 150 and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
With the enactment of the Evidence Act, 2011, it is now easy to tender and use documents produced by computer in courts across Nigeria. The condition for such use is enshrined in section 84 of the Evidence Act and is a certificate of compliance showing that such document was authentically generated from a reliable computer in the ordinary cause of activities. The Supreme Court in DICKSON V. SYLVA (2017) 8 NWLR (PT 1567) 167, has held that such certificate can be written or oral, if written, it is still subject to the powers of court to demand for an oral evidence. Also, the Supreme Court held in our, per Onnoghen, JSC as he then was, that where there is no certificate of compliance, a document produced by computer will not be admissible.
Generally, Computer is defined in section 258 of the Evidence Act to include any device for storing and processing information. Hence, Computer and device are used interchangeably, here. Note that, both primary and secondary documents, that are documents produced by computer must also fulfill the conditions of section 84 of the Evidence Act aside any other condition ordinarily expected for such.
Below are questions and reasons for such questions, needed to lay proper foundation for oral certification of document produced by computer in any court in Nigeria.
Please tell this honourable court what document is referred to as “xxxxxxxxxxxx” [insert title of document] in your witness statement on oath?
Pursuant to section 84(4)(a) of Evidence Act, a document produced by computer should be identified. Such document should be mentioned giving its title and unique name. Like, bank statement of Mr. Musa Ibeh between 2nd April to 23 May, 2019.
How was the document produced?
What device was used in producing the document?
Pursuant to section 84(4)(b) of Evidence Act, there should is need for provision of particulars/details of the computer like Name, Type, Model, Year and unique title (if any). Note that by section 84(3) of the Evidence Act, where sets, groups or combination of computers were used whether concurrently or simultaneously, they all will be regarded as constituting a single computer. Hence, in such situation one need not mention all the computers employed in producing a document.
How regular was the device used during the period the document was produced?
Pursuant to sections 84(2)(a) and 84(4)(c) of Evidence Act, there is need to establish that the computer was regularly used to store/process information by any person/persons for regular activities whether the activities are private or for profit making.
What was the device mainly and regularly used for?
Pursuant to sections 84(2)(b) and 84(4)(c) of Evidence Act, there is need to establish that the computer was regularly supplied information like the type on the document produced by computer sought to be tendered.
What was the condition of the device before the production of the document?
Pursuant to sections 84(2)(c) and 84(4)(c) of Evidence Act, the device was operating properly during the concerned period and that even if it was out of operation or part of it was not operating properly, that such never affected the document produced by computer or its content.
Where was the information on document produced by computer gotten from?
Pursuant to sections 84(2)(d) and 84(4)(c) of Evidence Act, there is need to establish that the information in the document produced by computer sought to be tendered was derived from the information supplied to the device in the ordinary and regular course of activities.
What is your relationship with the device?
Pursuant to section 84(4)(c) of Evidence Act, there is need to establish that the person providing a certification for document produced by computer and the computer used for such production, is a person of responsible position with regards to the operation of the device or the management the relevant activities. Such a person must not be a computer expert; he may even be a manager of a department/company that owns the concerned device and as such familiar with the computer.
My authorities are sections 84 and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011. Also the Supreme Court Judgments in the cases of DICKSON V. SYLVA (2017) 8 NWLR (PT 1567) 167 and KUBOR V. DICKSON (2012) LPELR-9817(SC).
WHAT IS THE ALLOWED PRESUMABLE ORDER OF DEATH OF PERSONS IN NIGERIA*. DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 309) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*WHAT IS THE ALLOWED PRESUMABLE ORDER OF DEATH OF PERSONS IN NIGERIA*. DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 309) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
No one knows when he/she will die but we all must die some day! Well, for the sake of sharing property and determining ownership of property, where two (2) or more persons died in circumstances that have made it impossible to determine who died before the other, they would be presumed to have died according to their order of seniority, with the eldest dying first. The first to come to life is presumed to be first to die.
My authorities are sections 164 (2) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
Human trafficking is an offence in Nigeria. Even where the consent of a victim of human trafficking was obtained, it is still an offence so far as there was an intention and actual performance of crime.
My authorities are sections 13(5) and 83 of the Trafficking in Person (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act, 2015.
No matter the type/kind of case, an arrested suspect is believed to have committed or the status of the person that reported an arrested person or the security agency that arrested a suspect, an arrested suspect MUST be allowed to seek and receive legal advice from any lawyer of his choice. No security agency can choose or reject lawyers for an arrested person! Hence, an arrested person MUST be given reasonable facilities to get legal services, obtain bail and defend himself for any crime in Nigeria.
My authorities are sections 14(2), 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
Ordinarily, a lawyer cannot give away information obtained from a client because such was obtained under professional privilege and the lawyer owes duty to the client not to reveal such communication.
4. Where such communication is necessary for a lawyer to defend himself, employees or associates against accusation of wrongful conduct.
My authorities are sections 192(1) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011 as well as Rules 19(3) and 57 of the Rules of Professional Conduct for Legal Practitioners, 2007.
Not minding the records and reports on the life expectancy of Nigerians and the nation’s mortality projections, the age of a person at the point of his death can never be presumed even though it can be shown that such a person was alive at a particular time.
My authorities are sections 164 (3) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
Every Nigerian child must attend and complete primary school and junior secondary school education. They are free universal basic education and parents/guardian must ensure children participate.
It is a crime for any parent/guardian not to ensure that his child attends and completes such education. It is punishable with community service for first time offender, while a second time offender is punishable with fine of N2,000.00 and or imprisonment for not more than 1 month but for third time or more offender, it is punishable with fine of not more than N5,000.00 and or imprisonment for not more than 2 months.
My authorities are sections 15, 277 and 278 of the Child’s Rights Act, 2003 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
The answer is No. Particularly in cases of garnishee proceeding, where a bank is a garnishee, the only duty the bank owes is to show why monies kept or owed by it to a judgement debtor should not be ordered to be paid to a judgement creditor. Hence, bank has no power to argue and defend its customer (judgement debtor) or to protect monies of such customer or to contest the validity of a court order.
Note that, “Garnishee Proceedings” is a procedure where a judgement creditor (a winner in a case/successful litigant) sues a person/company holding the money/goods of a judgement debtor (a loser in a case/unsuccessful litigant) to pay/transfer such money/goods directly to the judgement creditor as away to enable a judgement creditor enforce his judgement.
My authorities are the Supreme Court decisions in the cases of GUARANTY TRUST BANK PLC V. INNOSON NIGERIA LTD (2017) LPELR-42368(SC) and also UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC V. BONEY MARCUS INDUSTRIES LTD (2005) 13 NWLR (PT. 943) 654 at page 666.
First of all, any person in Nigeria can arrest a person he suspects to have committed an offence. Where and when any person is arrested for any offence, such arrested person must be IMMEDIATELY taken to a police station.
Hence, no person, party, company, church, royal home, estate, school, or family can arrest and detain any person/suspect without immediately handing over such arrested person to the nearest police station. This is also applicable to government offices and agencies that have no statutory powers to arrest, detain and prosecute criminal suspects.
My authorities are sections 14, 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
HOW TO PROVE THAT A BANK IS LICENSED IN NIGERIA.* DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 300) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*HOW TO PROVE THAT A BANK IS LICENSED IN NIGERIA.* DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 300) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
No bank can operate in Nigeria without a banking license from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The easiest way to prove that a bank has been licensed by Central Bank of Nigeria under the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act by the production of a certificate by an officer of the bank that it has been duly licensed.
My authorities are sections 92 and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
HOW TO PROVE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES IN NIGERIA. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 298) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*HOW TO PROVE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES IN NIGERIA. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 298) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
First of all, electronic signatures are allowed and acceptable in any part of Nigeria including courts. Electronic signatures can be proved by any manner. One of the ways to prove such is by showing there is a security procedure or system or symbol that exists which allows any person relying on any electronic signature to verify such signature before proceeding to rely on it and transact. The security procedure or system or symbol must be one that can prove that an electronic signature or record belongs to a person it claims to belong to.
My authorities are sections 93(3) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
DO YOU KNOW THAT EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE HAS BEEN A CRIME IN NIGERIA SINCE 1983. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 297) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*DO YOU KNOW THAT EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE HAS BEEN A CRIME IN NIGERIA SINCE 1983. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 297) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
Not minding the incessant cases of cheating and examination malpractices in schools across Nigeria, examination malpractice has been a federal crime in Nigeria since 1983. The law extends cheating at examination to include even acts done before an examination in anticipation of an examination or at an examination. It also extends to children and adults, as well as teachers and any other person that aids in cheating at an examination.
The above offence is punishable with imprisonment for not more than 10 years.
My authorities are sections 1(16) and 5 of the Miscellaneous Offences Act, 1983.
WHAT IS THE COMPULSORY PERIOD FOR YOU TO BE RECONNECTED TO ELECTRICITY OR BE PAID FOR DELAYED RECONNECTION BY DISCO. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 295) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*WHAT IS THE COMPULSORY PERIOD FOR YOU TO BE RECONNECTED TO ELECTRICITY OR BE PAID FOR DELAYED RECONNECTION BY DISCO. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 295) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
Where a customer is disconnected from electricity in any part of Nigeria for whatever reason, and such customer has met reconnection conditions including payment of reconnection costs and administrative costs, such customer must be reconnected to electricity within 48 hours by the concerned electricity Distribution Company (DisCo). Where a DisCo fails to reconnect a customer within 48 hours, then the DisCo must pay compensation to such customer as Delayed Reconnection Costs.
2. For a Commercial customer, DisCo must pay N1,500 for each day.
3. For an Industrial customer or Special customer, DisCo must pay N2,000 for each day.
Also note that DisCo is to pay a customer where a DisCo disconnects a customer without justification.
My authorities are Regulations 2 and 14 of the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission’s Connection and Disconnection Procedures for Electricity Services, 2007 as well as Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission’s Order on Unauthorised Access, Meter Tampering and By-Pass (ORDER NO: NERC/REG/41/2017.
AT Hon. Justice Mary Odili Moot Court Complex, Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu City, Enugu State.
19th SABI LAW LECTURE SERIES.
LEGAL RIGHTS OF A HEART BROKEN LOVER WITH A PROMISE TO MARRY. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 294) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
*LEGAL RIGHTS OF A HEART BROKEN LOVER WITH A PROMISE TO MARRY. * DAILY LAW TIPS (Tip 294) By Onyekachi Umah, Esq., LLM. ACIArb(UK).
Like any other agreement, a promise to marry someone is a serious agreement that when breached can cause legal action.
Where there is a promise to marry under the statutory law or customary law or Islamic law such promise is a binding agreement between the two parties(man and woman) involved. Hence, refusal to marry where there is a promise to marry is a breach of agreement and the refused lover can go to court and seek for damages. The damages may include money spent on love, wasted years, psychological trauma, emotional trauma and loss of other suitors.
A promise to marry must not be in writing, it may be oral too.
My authorities are Martins V. Adenugba (1946) 18 NLR 63 and the case of Miss Chinye Ezeanah V. Alhaji Mahmoud Atta (2004)7 NWLR (PT. 873) 468 or (2004)LPELR-1198(SC).
Whether for construction/installation purposes or by accident, any person who damages any highway or guard rails or any structure on a highway in any part of Nigeria, wilfully, unlawfully or maliciously and fails, refuses or neglects to repair such has committed an offence.
The above offence is punishable with imprisonment for not more than 10 years without an option of fine.
My authorities are sections 1(6) and 5 of the Miscellaneous Offences Act, 1983.
Due to developments in electronic payment system across Nigeria, the Central Bank of Nigeria approved a format for every physical and electronic records of transactions in Nigeria from any transaction channel including ATMs, POS, Internet Payments, Mobile Payments, Physical Branch or agent.
The approved receipt formats are sufficient proof of transactions in Nigeria and as such all financial institutions must provide customers with only approved receipts.
My authorities are sections 47(4) of the Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007 and Approved Format of Evidence For Electronic Transactions, 2013.
POLICE OFFICERS CAN BREAK OUT OF ANY HOUSE/PLACE IN NIGERIA.
A Police Officer can break out of any house or place to gain liberation for himself or any other person, having entered such place lawfully during an attempt to arrest any person. Such police officer has no liability for any damage because he cannot be detained in any place for attempting to make an arrest.
My authorities are sections 13, 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 289) ARE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES ACCEPTABLE IN NIGERIA.
ARE ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES ACCEPTABLE IN NIGERIA.
Where any document is to be approved/proved by signature, then an electronic signature on such document is a sufficient signature. So, electronic signatures are allowed and acceptable in any part of Nigeria including courts.
My authorities are sections 93(2) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 285) WHEN CAN POLICE SEARCH A HOUSE WITHOUT A WARRANT.
WHEN CAN POLICE SEARCH A HOUSE WITHOUT A WARRANT.
Ordinarily, police and every other security agency cannot search a house/property without a search warrant(written authority) issued by a court.
One of the situations, where a security officer can search any property/place without a search warrant is where a criminal suspect sought to be arrested is inside such house/property or is believed to be inside such house. In such situation, the person in charge of such house must give free access and all needed support to the security agency to search the property for the suspect.
My authorities are sections 12(1), 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 284) CAN CUSTOMER BE CHARGED FOR ELECTRICITY EVEN AFTER DISCONNECTION.
CAN CUSTOMER BE CHARGED FOR ELECTRICITY EVEN AFTER DISCONNECTION.
Every user of electricity in any part of Nigeria, has a Right to Request for Disconnection from electricity at any time of the year. Duration a period that a customer requested for a disconnection from the electricity Distribution Company (DisCo) in charge of his area, such a customer can no longer be charged/billed for electricity, whether or not such disconnection was done. It is illegal for any DisCo to charge or request for payment for a period a customer was disconnected. Kindly report such illegal demands and practises to Nigerian Electricity Regulation Commission (NERC) or speak to your lawyer.
My authorities are Regulations 8 and 14 of the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission’s Connection and Disconnection Procedures for Electricity Services, 2007.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 283) WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL RELIGION OF NIGERIA AND STATES IN NIGERIA.
WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL RELIGION OF NIGERIA AND STATES IN NIGERIA.
Some Countries have preference for some religions and as such have official state religions.
In Nigeria, both at Federal and State levels and across all parts of Nigeria, there is no federal, state or official religion. It is prohibited and unconstitutional to adopt any religion for Nigeria or any state in Nigeria.
All religions are allowed and permitted in Nigeria, so far as practises of such religions are not contrary to any law.
Even states that have Sharia or Customary/Tradition laws do not have any official religion. Also, no religion should have prevalence or relevance or more access to state facilities in any part of Nigeria.
Note that it is a breach of fundamental human rights to discriminate against any religion or persons of religion or violate any person’s right to freedom of religion.
My authorities are sections 10, 38, 42 and 319 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 280) WHAT MALE POLICE OFFICERS MUST DO BEFORE ENTERING A WOMAN’S HOUSE.
WHAT MALE POLICE OFFICERS MUST DO BEFORE ENTERING A WOMAN’S HOUSE.
1. The Police Officer must inform the woman to withdraw so that she will not be seen, if she pleases.
2. Police Officer must give the woman enough time and opportunity to withdraw and then enter the property.
My authorities are sections 12(3), 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 278) WHEN CAN A MISSING PERSON BE PRESUMED DEAD IN NIGERIA.
WHEN CAN A MISSING PERSON BE PRESUMED DEAD IN NIGERIA.
Ordinarily, the only time any person can be declared dead is when the person’s body is found and a physician declares such lifeless. But, where a missing person has not been heard from for seven (7) years or more by those that naturally should have heard from such person if such person was alive, then such a person would be presumed dead. Although such person is presumed dead, there is no presumption as to the time when such a person died.
Note that where there are circumstances to account/prove for the long time that such a person has not been heard from, such a person cannot be presumed dead.
My authorities are sections 164 (1) and 259 of the Evidence Act, 2011.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 277) PLACES, WORKERS CANNOT BE PAID SALARIES IN NIGERIA.
PLACES, WORKERS CANNOT BE PAID SALARIES IN NIGERIA.
No worker, staff or employee in Nigeria can be paid his wages, salary or payment in any premises, property or house used for the sale of intoxicating liquor (alcohol) or retail of goods, like supermarkets and shopping malls. The only exception is where a worker is ordinarily employed to work in such premises or property.
My authorities are sections 3, 91 and 92 of the Labour Act, 1971.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PRACTISE REGULATION 2016 IS NOW ONLINE!
The National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2016 was made on 10th February 2016 to replace the National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2007. The National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2016 is made pursuant to the Environmental Health Officers (Registration etc) Act, 2002.
The National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2016 is enforce in all parts of Nigeria and covers issues of environmental health, waste management and issuance of permits/licenses. Among others, it empowers both State and Local Governments to regulate and collect waste collection fees across Nigeria. Before now, The National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2016 was not accessible online making it hard for Nigerians to know their rights and duties under the said Regulation. Now you can download the The National Environmental Health Practise Regulation 2016 as well as the Environmental Health Officers (Registration etc) Act, 2002 for free! It pays to #SabiLaw.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 264) IT IS ILLEGAL FOR AN ASSOCIATION/GROUP APART FROM A POLITICAL PARTY TO CAMPAIGN FOR A CANDIDATE.
IT IS ILLEGAL FOR AN ASSOCIATION/GROUP APART FROM A POLITICAL PARTY TO CAMPAIGN FOR A CANDIDATE.
The only associations allowed to canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or are political parties. Hence, no other association, group or movement is allowed to canvass and campaign for votes for any candidate at any election in any part of Nigeria.
My authorities are sections 221 and 319 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 263) WHO ARE THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA.
WHO ARE THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA.
Central Bank of Nigeria is created to promote stability and continuity in economic management of Nigeria, among other things. The minimum authorised capital of the bank is One Hundred Billion Naira. The capital are all subscribed and held by only the Federal Government. Hence, the Federal Government of is the only shareholder of Central Bank of Nigeria. So, no individual, company, bank, foreign agency, state, state government or local government is permitted to be a shareholder of the Central Bank of Nigeria.
My authorities are sections 4, 60 and 61 of the Central Band of Nigeria Act, 2007.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 262) WHEN LAWYERS CAN PERSONALLY STAND BAIL FOR CLIENTS.
WHEN LAWYERS CAN PERSONALLY STAND BAIL FOR CLIENTS.
There is popular saying in Nigeria, that a lawyer cannot be surety and take a client on bail. Well, this is NOT true! There is no law that stops a lawyer from being a surety and taking a client (who is a suspect) on bail in any where in Nigeria. The Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers expressly prohibits lawyers from being sureties and taking their clients (who are accused persons) on bail in any court in Nigeria. The Rules purposely mentioned only courts and excluded detention centers including Police stations, Economic and Financial Crimes Commissions(EFCC), Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC), Department of State Services (DSS) and all other security agencies. Consequently, it is not a professional misconduct for a lawyer to be a surety and take his client who is a suspect on bail in any place but cannot do so for his clients who are accused persons in any court.
My authorities are Rules 37(1) and 57 of the Rules of Professional Conduct for Legal Practitioners, 2007.
DAILY LAW TIPS by Onyekachi Umah,Esq. (Tip 261) LIST OF FRUITS/PLANTS PROHIBITED FROM IMPORTATION IN NIGERIA.
LIST OF FRUITS/PLANTS PROHIBITED FROM IMPORTATION IN NIGERIA.
Some fruits/plants whether living or dead are allowed to grow in Nigeria but cannot be imported into Nigeria or can only be imported with written permission. This is to control plant diseases and pests in Nigeria. It also extends to even soil.
Hence, the importation of prohibited fruits/Plants/Soil is a criminal offence punishable with fine of not more than One Hundred Naira or imprisonment for not more than six months and cost of destruction/exportation of such prohibited fruit.
16. Peas and related plants (their Vegetative material including hay, fodder and litter).
33. Yam (All parts except Vegetative propagating materials and seeds as well as Tubers for consumption).
My authorities are sections 1 2 and 5 of the Agriculture (Control of Importation) Act, 1964 and Paragraphs 2, 5, 7 and 9 of the Plants, etc.(Control of Importation) Regulations 1970.
Police or any other government owned security agency has right to arrest any person and medically examine such person without consent of the arrested person for needed evidence. The police can even use reasonable force where necessary in conducting such medical examination. Note that the medical examination must be conducted by a qualified medical practitioner or professional with needed skills.
My authorities are sections 11, 494 and 495 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and other similar laws across States in Nigeria.

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