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Study of Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under different Atmospheric Conditions Harish Kumar*1 Vishal Saini#,2 and Vikas Yadav1 1Material Science & Electrochemistry Lab, Dept. of Chemistry, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana – 125 055 (India) 2Dept. of Chemistry, Janta Girls College, Ellenabad, Sirsa, Haryana – 125 055 (India) Abstract: Mild steel is used as main raw material in fabrication of equipment, chief material of construction and as weapons. During the storage and transportation conditions, it comes in contact with aggressive environment which leads to decrease in mechanical strength. Four different vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPCIs) i.e. n-Caprylic acid (CA), nButyric acid (BA), N,N-dimethyl propylene urea (DMPU) and 2-Amino Benzothiazole (ABT) were tested under different atmospheric conditions at 40 0C by Weight Loss, Eschke test, Salt Spray and SEM techniques. All the four VPCIs show very high corrosion inhibition efficiency i.e. 79-99 %. The results obtained from corrosion experiments were supported by SEM images.
Keywords: Mild steel, Atmospheric corrosion, Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, Eschke Test.
I. INTRODUCTION Mild steel is the most common form of steel and because of its low cost it is chief material of construction. Mild steel have good strength, hard and can be bent, worked or can be welded into an endless variety of shapes for uses from vehicles (like cars and ships) to building materials. Because of its unique properties like, very cheap, high strength, hardness and easy availability, it has wide range of applications in nut bolt, chains, hinges, knives, armour, pipes, magnets, military equipments etc. Atmospheric corrosion also known as vapor phase corrosion (VPC) is due to the individual and combined action of oxygen, moisture, and atmospheric pollutants. Additional contributors to VPC are rain, snow, dust, soot, ash, wind, and radiation (light, heat, etc.). The rate of VPC may be accelerated by both acids and bases, depending upon the metal and their alloys are exposed to aggressive environment under atmospheric condition during the manufacture, processing, storage, or transportation and can accelerate the degradation of the metal, alloys and their products. In such cases, the corrosion prevention methods like water-displacing products (oil or grease), water-absorption products (silica gel) and dehumidification are not significant due to high labor, material cost for the application and removal of product and difficulty to calculate specific moisture. The vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPCI) play a significant role in minimizing corrosion to metals and their alloy in atmospheric condition by producing vapors with sufficient vapor pressure due to their volatile nature, and prevent the metal or alloys from corrosion by adsorption of their vapors onto the metal surface.
Table 2. Vapour pressure of all the four investigated Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors.
A. Weight Loss Technique The values of weight loss (mg), corrosion rate (mpy) and PCIE for all the four VPCIs were shown in Table 3. The corrosion rate is found to be almost negligible in the coupons of mild steel treated with CA and BA. PCIE of all the four investigated VPCIs are shown in Fig. 1.
Table 3. Weight loss (mg), CR (mpy) and PCIE for all the four VPCIs for mild steel at 40 0C and 85.0% relative humidity after 10 days of exposure by weight loss method.
ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified 4.
C. Eschke Test Weight loss (mg), corrosion rate (mpy) and PCIE of all the four VPCIs at 40.0 0C after 10 days of exposure by Eschke test were shown in Table 5. Fig. 3 shows PCIE of all the four investigated vapor phase corrosion inhibitors. It is clear from the Fig. 3 that all the four investigated VPCIs shows very high PCIE i.e. more than 87.0 %. Out of these four, BA shows 98.38 PCIE for mild steel. The PCIE follows the order i.e. BA > CA > ABT > DMPU.
It is clear from Fig. 1 that all the four investigated VPCIs shows high PCIE i.e. 80-99 %. Out of the four investigated VPCIs, CA exhibit highest PCIE i.e. 99.3% for the mild steel at 40.0 0C and DMPU shows minimum i.e. 79.25. PCIE follows the order as CA > BA > ABT > DMPU. B. Salt Spray Method Weight loss (mg), corrosion rate (mpy) and PCIE of all the four investigated VPCIs at a temperature of 40.0 0C by Salt Spray method were shown in Table 4.
Table 5. Weight loss (mg), CR (mpy) and PCIE of all the seven investigated VPCIs for mild steel at 40.0 0C and 85.0 % relative humidity after 10 days of Exposure by Eschke Test.
Table 4. Weight loss (mg), CR (mpy) and PCIE of all the four VPCIs for mild steel at 40 0C and 85.0 % Relative humidity after 10 days of exposure by Salt Spray Method. S. No.
D. SEM technique SEM images of mild steel coupons treated with different VPCIs by weight loss method after exposure of 10 days at 40.0 0C were shown in Fig. 4.
V. CONCLUSION From the results of Weight Loss, Salt Spray, Eschke test and SEM techniques, the following conclusion can be drawn. 1) All the four investigated VPCIs show high percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency toward mild steel in different corrosive environment like high relative humidity, 3.0 % sodium chloride and high temperature i.e. 40.0 0 C. 2) Out of four investigated VPCIs, n-Caprylic acid (CA) and n-Butyric acid (BA) shows high corrosion inhibition efficiency in different corrosive environment. 3) VPCI saturate the space with their vapors and reducing the relative humidity below critical value and also alkalize the medium to a higher pH value at which the rate of corrosion become significantly low. 4) Percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to be in the order n-Caprylic acid > nButyric acid > 2-Amino Benzothiazole > N,Ndimethyl propylene urea in weight loss and salt spray corrosion experiments. 5) It was observed that aromatic nitrogen bases like ABT shows slightly less percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (80.0 %) whereas aliphatic compounds like n-Caprylic acid (CA) and nButyric acid (BA) shows high PCIE (99.0 %) for mild steel. 6) Results obtained from Weight Loss technique, Eschke test, Salt Spray method are in good agreement with each other inspite of different corrosive environment and are further supported by surface study carried out by SEM technique.
ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2013  M. A. Quraishi and D. Jamal, “Development and testing of VI. ACKNOWLEDMENT all organic volatile corrosion inhibitors”, Corrosion, vol. We are very thankful to University Grants 58, pp. 387-391, 2002. Commission, New Delhi for providing us financial support for this research work.  Y. T. Tuken and B. Erbil, Progress in organic coating, vol. 50, p. 115, 2004.
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