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which should be available to the public.
of producing huge quantities of perfect magic mushrooms!
spores are covered with the hardest organic substance known.
and earth into the galactic mainstream of the higher civilizations.
thereby have spread throughout the galaxy over the long mlllenia. A mycelial network has no organs to move the world.
of our starswarm are heir to."
shows clearly: Man was at home with the concept of the sacred long before he possessed writing, agriculture, civilization.
and guided him forward since the earliest infanthood of humanity, contemporary with, possibly even preceding, his earliest use of tools, fire, even language itself.
unlike the rest of the vegetation with which he was familiar.
connection with the numinosum would be established.
the work of Wasson and his colleagues in the 1950s (cf. V.P.
and longing at the star-dusted sky on a clear winter's evening.
munching ancestor gazing into his Paleolithic fire lie only seconds of cosmic time.
these genera contain the compounds psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,Ndimethyltryptamine) as the active hallucinogenic agents (Fig.
hence is in the same class as amphetamine (a-methylphenylethylamine).
one species of magic mushroom, Stropharia cubensis Earle.
necessary. What is necessary is to follow the instructions closely and carefully.
probably be even greater were it not for the fact that its environmental requirements limit it to regions of mild temperatures and high humidity.
from Mushrooms of North America by Orson K. Miller, Jr.
Cap pale yellowish, viscid; persistent ring: blue-staining stalk.
when bruised. Veil white, leaving a superior membranous ring.
with a large pore at apex, purple-brown spore print. Cystidia (sterile cells) on gill edge club-shaped with rounded heads.
Miller places this species in the genus Psilocybe, after Singer.
1958, p. 247;Enos, 1970, p. 5).
while taking the spore print in order to retard dessication.
spore-print contains tens of millions of spores, and is sufficient to make hundreds of spore germinations.
so that approximately % of the cap covers each slide (Fig. 4).
then be sealed, together or separately, in plastic or paper.
somewhat technical portion may skip to page 21, paragrph 3.
mycelium, i.e., a mycelium having only one nucleus per cell.
four basidiospores on its outer surface as in the frontispiece.
together and made contact. A few days after contact has occurred, one can be reasonably sure that somatogamy has taken place and that a dikaryotic mycelium has been established.
that one is working with a single strain of dikaryotic mycelium.
should be apparent which strain is most vigorous.
cap surface with tincture of iodine using a sterile cotton swab.
dikaryotic strains, since mycelium isolated in this manner consists of only one strain. On the other hand, this procedure limits one to working with only one strain.
contamination. The information in this section therefore describes procedures for preparation, sterilization, and inoculation of solid nutrient media.
agar medium to which appropriate nutrients have been added.
usually printed on the container of dried agar preparation.
be reliquified over heat and reused.
the mycelium from succumbing to any "senescence factor"
readily prepared from a relatively few common ingredients.
consult Enos, 1970 (see Bibliography).
medium into the plates after sterilizing; do not autoclave plastic plates.
be certain that the lids are left loose, not screwed down tight.
prematurely, the pressure will rise but the water will be unable to vaporize, and dry heat requires much longer to accomplish sterilization.
temperature before opening the stopcock; otherwise, the sudden release of pressure will cause the medium to boil over.
fig. 10: Two views of a homemade inoculating hood.
liquid, to provide maximum surface area for mycelial growth.
ready to be inoculated. If possible, inoculation should be earned out inside an inoculation hood such as that shown in Fig.
as Penicillium and Aspergillus, Neurospora or various yeasts.
for information relating to fast and efficient inoculating techniques.
feed rye has usually been treated with a fungicide.
with a window in the lid such as illustrated in Figs. 17-20.
calcium carbonate need not be of great purity: powdered oyster shell, powdered limestone, or powdered chalk is suitable.
the jars will not seal during sterilization (Fig. 26).
the jars in the cooker, making sure that the lids are loose (Fig.
can be stacked in two tiers without difficulty (Fig. 29 & 30).
stopcock. Then close the stopcock, and bring to 15-20 Ibs.
(Fig. 31) then shake the remaining jars vigorously (Fig. 31).
for at least two hours or to room temperature.
diffusion of oxygen from the surrounding air, as proper aeration is essential for the fungus to grow. Repeat this inoculation step for each jar.
window in the lid . . .
fig. 19: Clear plastic vinyl is glued fig. 20: Completed box.
over the window . .
oyster shell (CaCO 3 ) are added.
fig. 29: The first layer of jars.
30: The second layer of jars.
be observed anywhere from the eighth to the fourteenth day.
if the rye is only partially permeated, then the culture is contaminated and should be discarded.
there for other contaminants to gain a foothold.
When one or more jars of rye have been completely permeated by mycelium, the third step in the procedure is completed and one is ready to move on to the fourth step, casing.
spot it within a few days after inoculation. Cultures contaminated with this organism are also almost impossible to salvage.
presence or absence of oxygen, and grows in either situation.
uncontaminated agar cultures as the source of inoculation.
Make sure that the working surface, and the inside of the inoculating hood, are thoroughly disinfected before inoculation.
gloved hands with spray Lysol before reaching into the hood.
possible, so that neither the receptacle containing the inoculum, or the mason jar are kept open longer than necessary.
the snow-white mycelium should be considered acceptable.
can be held to a minimum.
must be used to avoid sealing the surface of the casing soil.
throughout, but no water passes through the soil i n t o the mycelium. In other words, moisten thoroughly, but do not saturate, the soil.
lids and maintain the cultures in a high humidity environment.
touch. Boxes of newly cased jars should be stored in chronological order.
about half-size or less and then cease to grow; these ''aborts"
break the jar and remove the mycelium in a single block.
it is not allowed to become too dry.
part potting soil will work, and even unadulterated rich garden loam has been found suitable, though its unsterile condition makes contamination a possibility.
polyethylene garbage bag. If a glass jar is used, it can be sterilized with the casing soil in it.
ring of ruptured veil tissue, on the stem (cf. color figures).
mushroom should be allowed to flatten out to an umbrellashape before harvesting.
hours (Figs. 49 & 50). They may also be dried under a heatlamp, or placed on a screen and dried over a heating vent.
fig. 54: Fresh mushrooms and dried ones ready for tree/ing.
mg./kg. of body weight. (Schultes & Hofmann, 1973). Mescaline.by comparison, has a minimum effective dose of 200 mg.
for an average-size adult, and a toxicity 2.5 times that of psilocybin (Aboul-Enein, 1974).
jars. Mushroom growing is like alchemy in that there is a division of the work into practical effort and visionary reward.
The organic psilocybin within the mushroom is quality controlled by the very stable and ancient genes of the Stropharia.
that raising the dose is a valid alternate course.
undetermined and whose living organisms are full of singularities and surreal transforming promise.
and calculating volumes if such equipment is unavailable.
180ml. H 2 0 i s 6 f l . oz.
1 baggie (Glad type) weighs 1.5 g.
300-500 B.C. In the latter half of this century, "mushroom stones"
were found in highland Guatemala dating back at least as far as 300500 B.C.
being served at the coronation feast of Moctezuma.
visions, feel a faint ness of heart and are provoked to lust."
lasting, of which the symptom is a kind of uncontrolled laughter . ..
hashish and peyotl in the text.
'"Psilocyhian" in this context means any mushroom containing psilocybin.
Rcko's earlier work had been in error and this report was discounted.
Indians of the Sierra Juarez in Oaxaca in their religious feasts."
1936 Victor A. Reko (B.P."s brother) publishes Magische Gifte. In it.
he wrongly suggests that teonanacatl might be a species ofAmanita.
1936 Ing. Roberto J. Weitlaner obtained some teonanacatl in Oaxaca.
arrived in a decomposed state and thus escaped identification.
Johnson and two others attended a mushroom rite in Huatla, Oaxaca.
These were the first whites to attend a mushroom ceremony.
of Huatla de Jiminez in Oaxaca.
Stropharia. and Conocybe. Several of these species were new to mycology, but had been utilized as hallucinogens by the natives for centuries.
M.A. Palacios and Gaston Guzman, arrived in Oaxaca to do taxonomic work on the mushrooms.
Timothy Leary ate a dose of the mushrooms. Later, he wrote: ". . .
it was the classic visionary voyage and I came back a changed man . . .
law was voted on and passed!
1966 By this time several illicit labs were set up to manufacture hallucinogenic drugs in response to the growing demand by users.
instructions for cultivating mycelium on agar.
1975 The first living cultures of Stropharia cubensis were seen in limited numbers on t h e underground market.
the first to suggest the extraterrestrial origin of Stropharia cubensis.
continues, leading shortly to metamorphosis of mankind into symbiotic species.
Benedict, R.G., Tyler. V.E.. & Watling, R.: "Blueing in Conocybe, Psilocybe and a Stropharia Species and the Detection of Psilocybin,"
LloyJia, v. 30, #2, June 1967.
copyright 1970, Leonard Enos, Youniverse Productions.
New York, second printing, no date.
Drugs, v. 7, #|, Jan-Mar 1975.
Grain Spawn of the Cultivated Mushroom. Agaricus bisporus. " Mycologia, v. 63, 1971, p. 16ff.
fourtli printing, 1967, Wadsworth Publishing Company. Inc.. Belmont. California.
Schultes, R.E. & Hofmann, Albert: The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens, 1973, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, 111.
Hallucinogenic Mushroom, Pt. ]." Mycologia, v. 50, 1958, p. 239ff.
Wasson, R.G.: "Seeking the Magic Mushroom;' Life Magazine, May 13.
Agents." Proc Am Phil Soc, Philadelphia, v. 102,^3, June 24, 1958.
Ethnomycological Exploration," Trans A' Y Acad Sci, Ser. II. v. 21.
Pantheon Books. 1957. Out of print.
Chimiques. Paris: Museum National d'Historie Naturelle. 1959.
adnate (of gills) - attached directly to stalk.
adnexed (of gills) - notched just at stalk.
aerobic — requiring oxygen in order to live. Opposite of anaerobic.
basidiocarp — basidium-bearing structure or "fruiting body" of a Basidiomycete. Sometimes also called a carpophore.
basidiospore - spore formed exogenously on a basidium, generally following karyogamy and meiosis.
dikaryotic — a fungal hypha having two nuclei per cell.
full set of unpaired chromosomes; n.
genome — the basic set of chromosomes (n) contributed by each parent.
plants or animals; it usually consists of more than one species.
more morphologically similar sexual strains, with conjugation occurring only when compatible mating types are paired.
hypha (pi. hyphae) - one of the tubular filaments composing mycelium.
somes is reduced from the diploid (2n) to the haploid (n) state.
Meiosis produces sexual cells or gametes.
haploid nucleus; e.g., the primary mycelium of Basidiomycetes.
consisting of an aggregation of hyphae.
phylogeny — the evolutionary development of a species of plant or animal.
sexual cells as in the Basidiomycetes; does not include karyogamy.
among themselves but usually not with other species.
thallus (pi. thalli) — the undifferentiated body of the fungus: the mycelial mass.
annulus; the universal veil is a tissue surrounding the entire developing mushroom, usually lost early in development. Stropharia cubensis has both a partial and universal veil, but the latter is seldom observed in the absence of a magnifying glass.
inoculation — to implant microorganisms or fungal mycelium into a culture medium. The mycelium used for this is called the inoculum (pi.
of a long handle with a length of stainless steel or platinum wire attached to the end and usually bent into a loop at the tip.
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