Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/268/169/
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 18:26:45+00:00

Document:
"The payment of the amount due by any judgment cf the Court of Claims . . . shall be a full discharge to the United States of all claim and demand touching any of the matters involved in the controversy."
P. 268 U. S. 171.
had moved over the line at the same time as the impedimenta -- Held that acceptance of the amount allowed, without protest or appeal to the Comptroller of the Treasury, was not acquiescence on the part of the railroad, and did not bar it from suing for the balance in the Court of Claims. P. 268 U. S. 172.
3. No action of the accounting officials can bar the right of a claimant to have the Court of Claims determine whether he is entitled to recover under a contract with the government. P. 268 U. S. 174.
4. To constitute acquiescence in payment by the government of a smaller sum than is due, something more must be shown than acceptance of the smaller sum without protest; there must have been some conduct of the creditor akin to abandonment or waiver, or from which an estoppel might arise. P. 268 U. S. 175.
5. The provision of the Dockery Act, July 31, 1894, c. 174, §§ 7, 8, 28 Stat. 162, 206, 207, making acceptance of payment under the auditor's settlement, without appeal to the Comptroller, conclusive does not prevent proceedings in the Court of Claims. Pp. 268 U. S. 173, 268 U. S. 177.
59 Ct.Cls. 82 affirmed in part, reversed in part.
Appeal from a judgment of the Court of Claims disallowing three claims for transportation furnished the War Department.
This is an appeal by the St. Louis, Brownsville & Mexico Railway from a judgment of the Court of Claims which disallowed three claims for transportation furnished to the War Department. 59 Ct.Cls. 82. That the claims were originally valid is conceded. The defense as to each is that recovery has been barred by discharge. As to two of the claims, by § 178 of the Judicial Code; as to the third, by the rule declared in Oregon-Washington R. Co. & Navigation Co. v. United States, 255 U. S. 339. Whether on the facts found the statute and the rule apply are the questions for decision.
to the United States of all claim and demand touching any of the matters involved in the controversy."
"One of the findings of fact in said [the earlier] case stated that 'the numbers and amounts referred to in the foregoing paragraphs constitute the component parts and sum total of the said $22,624.78 and are the only items in question in the case at bar.' Bills No. 3055 and No. 4732 are not mentioned in the findings in that case. The report of the Treasury Department filed in said case and upon which said stipulation of facts was based stated as to bills No. 3055 and No. 4732 that, because no deduction had been made from these bills 'on account of the cause of complaint set forth in the petition nothing is due in recovery.'"
The finding thus relied upon by the railway does not show that these two claims were not among "the matters involved in the controversy" in the earlier case. On the contrary, it shows that they were there in controversy. And it suggests that the railway, after the introduction of the report of the Treasury Department, acquiesced in the latter's conclusion that, as to these two, claims "nothing is due." Compare United States v. Frerichs, 124 U. S. 315, 124 U. S. 320; Michot v. United States, 31 Ct.Cls. 299; Vaughn v. United States, 34 Ct.Cls. 342. The case is unlike Spicer v. United States, 5 Ct.Cls. 34, Book v. United States, 31 Ct.Cls. 272, and Adams v. United States, 33 Ct.Cls. 411. As to these two claims, the judgment of the lower court is affirmed.
never been involved in any litigation. The whole claim presented to the auditor was on a single government bill of lading for transporting, in 1916, so-called Army impedimenta -- that is, guns, ammunition, caissons, tents, and miscellaneous military equipment belonging to the United States. That the whole of the service covered by the bill was actually rendered was never questioned. Nor was there any dispute either as to quantity or weight or as to the tariff rate under which such articles ordinarily move. Thus, the claim presented to the Auditor was definite in amount. The deduction made by him was somewhat in the nature of a counterclaim. The Comptroller of the Treasury ruled in 1918 that, for the transportation of military impedimenta, the government was entitled to the benefit of a provision in a passenger tariff by which, when persons travel in a party, there is allowed for every 25 passenger fares one baggage car free for personal effects. The Auditor apparently found that, at the same time these impedimenta moved, at least 25 soldiers had moved over the line. He therefore deducted a corresponding amount from this independent bill for freight. In suits brought by other companies, the Court of Claims held that the Comptroller's ruling was wrong. See Missouri Pacific R. Co. v. United States, 56 Ct.Cls. 341. Thereupon, this suit was brought in August, 1922, to recover the amount wrongly deducted. The lower court held that the railway was barred from recovery because it had accepted, without protest or appeal, the reduced amount which the Auditor allowed.
exact payment either in advance or upon the completion of the service rendered. It may, as a matter of accommodation or convenience, give a reasonable credit. Payment for transportation, as for other service or supplies, may ordinarily be secured by presenting the claim to the appropriate disbursing office of the department served. Because of limitations imposed upon the powers of disbursing officers, it is often desirable to present the claim for direct settlement to the Auditor for the department, who is an accounting officer of the Treasury. The Auditor may allow the claim in whole or in part. If his action is not satisfactory, either to the claimant or to the head of the department affected, an appeal may be taken to the Comptroller of the Treasury for its revision. In the absence of an appeal, the settlement of the Auditor is "final and conclusive upon the executive branch of the government." In case of such appeal, the decision of the Comptroller is conclusive. Any person accepting payment under a settlement by the Auditor is precluded from obtaining such revision of the settlement as to any item upon which payment is accepted. Dockery Act July 31, 1894, c. 174, §§ 7, 8, 28 Stat. 162, 206, 207.
in the payment by the government of a smaller amount than is due will ordinarily effect the discharge. Acquiescence can be established by showing conduct before the payment which might have led the government to believe that the amount allowed was all that was claimed, or that such amount, if paid, would be received in full satisfaction of the claim. Acquiescence can also be established by showing conduct after the payment which might have led the government to believe that the amount actually received was accepted in full satisfaction of the original claim. But to constitute acquiescence within the meaning of this rule, something more than acceptance of the smaller sum without protest must be shown. There must have been some conduct on the part of the creditor akin to abandonment or waiver or from which an estoppel might arise. Every case in which this Court has sustained the affirmative defense of acquiescence rests upon findings which include at least one of these additional features. [Footnote 1] In the case at bar, they are wholly lacking.
such cases, the plaintiff fails, even where it appears that the reduced payment was accepted under protest, because the contract implied in fact on which it seeks to recover cannot be established. Cases involving the affirmative defense of acquiescence by acceptance of a smaller sum than was actually due must likewise be differentiated from those in which one wrongly removed from a statutory office is denied relief unless suit is instituted promptly. The latter rest upon a policy not here applicable. [Footnote 9] The cases urged upon our attention by counsel for the government present, in the main, instances of defenses other than acquiescence.
v. United States, 13 Wall. 38. The railway was entitled to judgment for the amount wrongly deducted by the Auditor.
United States v. Shrewsbury, 23 Wall. 508; Railroad Co. v. United States, 103 U. S. 703; Pray v. United States, 106 U. S. 594; Central Pacific R. Co. v. United States, 164 U. S. 93, 164 U. S. 99-100; United States v. Garlinger, 169 U. S. 316; Oregon-Washington R. Co. & Navigation Co. v. United States, 255 U. S. 339, 255 U. S. 344-345, 255 U. S. 347-348; Western Pacific R. Co. v. United States, 255 U. S. 349, 255 U. S. 353-355; New York, New Haven & Hartford R. Co. v. United States, 258 U. S. 32, 258 U. S. 34; Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. United States, 258 U. S. 374, 258 U. S. 375; Louisville & Nashville R. Co. v. United States, 267 U. S. 395. Compare St. Louis Hay & Grain, Co. v. United States, 191 U. S. 159, 191 U. S. 164.
United States v. Justice, 14 Wall. 535. Compare 84 U. S. United States, 17 Wall. 67; Piatt's Administrator v. United States, 22 Wall. 496. In the following cases, there was a receipt in full or a release: United States v. Child & Co., 12 Wall. 232; United States v. Clyde, 13 Wall. 35; Sweeney v. United States, 17 Wall. 75; Chouteau v. United States, 95 U. S. 61; Francis v. United States, 96 U. S. 354; De Arnaud v. United States, 151 U. S. 483; St. Louis, Kennett & Southeastern R. Co. v. United States, 267 U. S. 346. In Cairo, Truman & Southern R. Co. v. United States, 267 U. S. 350, the release was under seal.
United States v. Adams, 7 Wall. 463, 74 U. S. 479; United States v. Mowry, 154 U. S. 564; United States v. Morgan, 154 U. S. 565.
Baird v. United States, 96 U. S. 430; Murphy v. United States, 104 U. S. 464.
Savage v. United States, 92 U. S. 382, 92 U. S. 388.
Stewart v. Barnes, 153 U. S. 456; Pacific Railroad v. United States, 158 U. S. 118.
Baird v. United States, 96 U. S. 430, 96 U. S. 432.
Eastern R. Co. v. United States, 129 U. S. 391; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. v. United States, 198 U. S. 385; Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. United States, 225 U. S. 640, 225 U. S. 650; Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. Co. v. United States, 249 U. S. 385; New York, New Haven & Hartford R. Co. v. United States, 251 U. S. 123, 251 U. S. 127; St. Louis S.W. Ry. Co. v. United States, 262 U. S. 70. Compare United States v. Bostwick, 94 U. S. 53, 94 U. S. 67; United States v. Martin, 94 U. S. 400; Willard, Sutherland & Co. v. United States, 262 U. S. 489, 262 U. S. 498.
Nicholas v. United States, 257 U. S. 71, 257 U. S. 76; Norris v. United States, 257 U. S. 77; Stager v. United States, 262 U.S. 728. Compare Arant v. Lane, 249 U. S. 367; Wallace v. United States, 257 U. S. 541, 257 U. S. 547.

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