Source: http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx/Default.aspx?letter=C
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 10:19:27+00:00

Document:
n. the total of cost, insurance and freight charges to be paid on goods purchased and shipped.
n. the hearing at which a case is set for trial.
n. the intentional and generally vicious false accusation of a crime or other offense designed to damage one's reputation.
n. the record which lists all basic assets of a business, not including inventory or the alleged value of good will.
n. equipment, property, and funds owned by a business.
n. 1) the act of counting anticipated earnings and expenses as capital assets (property, equipment, fixtures) for accounting purposes. 2) the amount of anticipated net earnings which hypothetically can be used for conversion into capital assets.
adj., adv. 1) negligent. 2) the opposite of careful. A careless act can result in liability for damages to others.
n. in taxation accounting, using a current tax year's deductions, business losses or credits to refigure and amend a previously filed tax return to reduce the tax liability.
n. the act of transporting goods or individuals for a fee. It is important to determine if the carrier has liability for safe delivery or is subject to regulation.
v. pursuing a particular occupation on a continuous and substantial basis. There need not be a physical or visible business "entity" as such.
n. in taxation accounting, using a tax year's deductions, business losses or credits to apply to the following year's tax return to reduce the tax liability.
n. a case in which a question of interpretation of law is presented which has never arisen before in any reported case. Sometimes, it is only of first impression in the particular state or jurisdiction, so decisions from other states or the federal courts may be examined as a guideline.
n. 1) an accident which could not have been foreseen or guarded against, such as a shipwreck caused by storm or fire caused by lightning. 2) the loss, as of life, from such an unavoidable accident. The courts remain inconsistent on the exact definition.
n. in taxation, loss due to damage which qualifies for a casualty loss tax deduction. It must be caused by a sudden, unexpected or unusual occurrence such as a storm, flood, fire, shipwreck, earthquake or act of God, but would not include gradual damage from water seepage or erosion.
n. (kah-vee-ott) from Latin caveat for "let him beware." 1) a warning or caution. 2) a popular term used by lawyers to point out that there may be a hidden problem or defect. In effect, "I just want to warn you that…."
n. document which some states issue to prove a corporation's existence upon the filing of articles of incorporation. In most states the articles are sufficient proof.
(pronounced ses-tee kay use or setty kay use) n. an old-fashioned term for a person who benefits from assets held in a trust for the beneficiary's use. The term "beneficiary" is now used instead.
n. a court that can order acts performed. Today chancery courts are merged with law courts in most states.
n. in taxation, a contribution to an organization which is officially created for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, artistic, literary, or other good works. Such contributions are deductible from gross income, and thus lower the taxes paid.
n. an item of personal property which is movable, as distin-guished from real property (land and improvements).
n. 1) a person's natural offspring. 2) a person 14 years and under. A "child" should be distinguished from a "minor" who is anyone under 18 in almost all states.
n. the unethical and usually illegal practice of excessive buying and selling of shares of stock for a customer by a stockbroker or sales agent for the purpose of obtaining high sales commissions.
v. 1) to make reference to a decision in another case to make a legal point in argument. 2) to give notice of being charged with a minor crime and a date for appearance in court to answer the charge rather than being arrested (usually given by a police officer).
n. any lawsuit relating to civil matters and not criminal prosecution.
n. in many states, the name for the collection of statutes and laws which deal with business and negligence lawsuits and practices.
n. potential responsibility for payment of damages or other court-enforcement in a lawsuit, as distinguished from criminal liability, which means open to punishment for a crime.
n. fines or surcharges imposed by a governmental agency to enforce regulations such as late payment of taxes, failure to obtain a permit, etc.
n. evidence that proves a matter by the "preponderance of evidence" required in civil cases and beyond the "reasonable doubt" needed to convict in a criminal case.
n. holding ownership of real property without any claims by others on the owner's title and no history of past claims which might affect the ownership.
n. when more than one person or entity is sued in one lawsuit, each party sued is called a codefendant.
v. to arrange and label a system of laws.
n. an insurance policy in which the insurance company insures only a partial value of the property owned by the insured owner. Essentially the owner and the insurance company share the risk.
n. when two or more people sign a check or a promissory note, each is a comaker, and each is liable for the entire amount to be paid.
n. an action (a lawsuit) commences (begins officially) when the party suing files a written complaint or petition with the clerk of the court. Under a unique New York statute a plaintiff may prepare a summons and get a case number before filing a complaint.
n. all the law which applies to the rights, relations and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade and sales. In recent years this body of law has been codified in the Uniform Commercial Code, which has been almost universally adopted by the states.
n. an individual, a company or a public utility (like municipal buses) which is in the regular business of transporting people and/or freight. This is distinguished from a private carrier, which only transports occasionally or as a one-time-only event.
n. a person or entity who begins a lawsuit by filing a complaint and is usually called the plaintiff, or in some cases the petitioner.
n. (com-pose-men-tis) Latin for "having a sound mind."
n. a term or requirement stated in a contract, which must be met for the other party to have the duty to fulfill his/her obligations.
n. a sale of property or goods which will be completed if certain conditions are met (as agreed) by one or both parties to the transaction. Example: Hotrod agrees to buy Tappit's 1939 LaSalle for $1,000 cash if Tappit can get the car running by September 1st.
n. the obtaining of money from others through trick or swindle, generally by gaining the victim's trust and confidence.
n. a spouse's so-called "rights" to the comforts and companionship from his/her mate, meaning sexual relations. Some states allow prisoners to have "conjugal visits" so that they may have private visits and sexual relations with their spouse (or "significant other") in a special room or apartment.
1) n. a voluntary agreement to another's proposition. 2) v. to voluntarily agree to an act or proposal of another, which may range from contracts to sexual relations.
n. damages claimed and/or awarded in a lawsuit which were caused as a direct foreseeable result of wrongdoing.
n. a person whom a court has determined because of physical or mental limitations or just plain old age requires a conservator to handle his/her financial affairs, and/or his/her actual personal activities such as arranging a residence, health care and the like.
n. a person or business holding another's goods for sale or for delivery to a designated agent.
n. the act of consigning goods to one who will sell them for the owner or transport them for the owner.
n. when a person does not have actual possession, but has the power to control an asset, he/she has constructive possession. Having the key to a safe deposit box, for example, gives one constructive possession.
v. to determine the meaning of the words of a written document, statute or legal decision, based upon rules of legal interpretation as well as normal, widely accepted meanings.
adj. connected or "next to", usually meaning adjoining pieces of real estate.
adj. possible, but not certain.
n. an interest, particularly in real estate property, which will go to a person or entity only upon a certain set of circumstances existing at the time the title-holder dies. Examples of those potential circumstances include surviving one's brother or still operating the family farm next door.
n. the repeat-ed unauthorized use of anoth- er's real property, as compared to an occasional illegal entry.
adj. Latin for "against" or "opposite to". This usage is usually found in legal writing in statements like: "The decision in the case of Hammerhead v. Nail is contra to the rule stated in Keeler v. Beach."
1) n. the power to direct, manage, oversee and/or restrict the affairs, business or assets of a person or entity. 2) v. to exercise the power of control.
n. the laws of the state which will be relied upon in interpreting or judging disputes involving a contract, trust or other documents. Quite often an agreement will state as one of its provisions that the controlling law will be that of a particular state.
n. 1) disagreement, argument or quarrel. 2) a dispute, which must be an actual contested issue between parties in order to be heard by a court. The U.S. Supreme Court particularly requires an "actual controversy" and avoids giving "what if" advisory opinions.
1) v. to find guilty of a crime after a trial. 2) n. a person who has been convicted of a felony and sent to prison.
n. one who is a member of a partnership. The prefix "co" is a redundancy, since a partner is a member of a partnership. The same is true of the term "copartnership."
n. 1) Latin for body. 2) the principal (usually money, securities and other assets) of a trust or estate as distinguished from interest or profits.
n. (corpus dee-lick-tie) Latin for the substantial fact that a crime has been committed, and in popular crime jargon, the body of the murder victim.
v. to confirm and sometimes add substantiating (reinforcing) testimony to the testimony of another witness or a party in a trial.
n. evidence which strengthens, adds to, or confirms already existing evidence.
v. to sign a promissory note or other obligation in order to share liability for the obligation.
n. shorthand for court costs.
n. the situation when more than one person has an interest in real property at the same time, which may include tenancy in common, joint tenancy or tenancy by the entirety.
n. one who holds an interest in real property together with one or more others.
adj. actively involved in a person's employment at a particular time, most likely when an accident occurred, which is required to make a claim for work-related injury under state Worker's Compensation Acts.
n. the list of matters to be heard or set for trial or hearing by a court.
n. any court (state or federal) which hears appeals from judgments and rulings of trial courts or lower appeals courts.
n. a common provision in a contract for sale of a business in which the seller agrees not to compete in the same business for a period of years or in the geographic area. This covenant is usually allocated (given) a value in the sales price.
n. a promise contained in a deed to land or real estate which is binding upon the current owner and all future owners.
n. whether testimony is worthy of belief, based on competence of the witness and likelihood that it is true. Unless the testimony is contrary to other known facts or is extremely unlikely based on human experience, the test of credibility is purely subjective.
n. the field of law dealing with the legal means and procedures to collect debts and judgments.
n. a generic term for the procedure by which criminal conduct is investigated, evidence gathered, arrests made, charges brought, defenses raised, trials conducted, sentences rendered and punishment carried out.
n. those statutes dealing with crimes against the public and members of the public, with penalties and all the procedures connected with charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes.
n. the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death on an animal, usually a tame one, beyond necessity for normal discipline. It can include neglect that is so monstrous (withholding food and water) that the animal has suffered, died or been put in imminent danger of death.
adj. sufficiently responsible for criminal acts or negligence to be at fault and liable for the conduct. Sometimes culpability rests on whether the person realized the wrongful nature of his/her actions and thus should take the blame.
n. in old common law, the right of a surviving husband to a life estate in the lands of his deceased wife, if they had a surviv- ing child or children who would inherit the land. A few states still recognize this charming anachro- nism.
n. a federal court established (1926) to hear appeals from decisions of customs officials on classification of merchandise, duty rates and interpretation of customs laws. In turn its decisions can be appealed to the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.

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