Source: https://es.scribd.com/document/172763633/FITOCOSMETICOS-Y-PATENTES-AMAZONAS-BRASILENO
Timestamp: 2019-04-21 02:15:56+00:00

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Quxuz v. Jimdo et. al.
SFA Systems v. Wal-Mart Stores et. al.
J-Channel Industries v. Home Depot et. al.
The aim of this study is to analyze the research and the patent of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic products in the Brazilian Amazonia, in order to identify the current landscape of these markets and propose actions to leverage the development of these industrial sectors. The data analyzed proceed from research groups of the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and patents applications from the National Institute of Industrial Pro perty (INPI). Our results showed the existence of 86 regional research groups and 35 patent applications and none can be related to Amazonian companies. Legal impediments of the Provisional Measure 2.186-16/2001, in relation to applications for inventions by individuals, may result in refusal of the patent, representing a significant loss of Amazon innovative effort and reduction in the development of these sectors in the Brazilian Amazonia. Keywords: Brazil; amazon; biodiversity; biotechnology; herbal medicine; phytocosmetic; phytotherapeutic; research groups; patents; public policy.
Doctor’s degree student of the Plant Biotechnology Program at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Health Science Center (CCS). Phone number: +55 (21) 2562-6676. FAPEAM fellowship holder. Address: Bl. K/ S. K2-032, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code: 21941-590. City: Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Country: Brazil. Email: fasect@yahoo.com.br. 2 Researcher and Permanent Profesor. National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Address: Praça Mauá 7, sala 709, Centro. City: Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Country: Brazil. Zip Code: 20081-240. Phone number: +55 (21) 3037-3543. Postdoctoral researcher at CDTS/FIOCRUZ, INCT– Neglected Diseases, Supported by FAPERJ. Email: alexguim@inpi.gov.br.
7 billion. 2004). Issue 4 1. Foundation of Tropical Medicine of Amazonas (FMT/AM). this study analyzed the management of scientific knowledge about Brazilian Amazonia biodiversity. Perfumery.8% over the previous year. probiotic agents. the Amazonian Region presents important scientific institutions installed over there. and higher than 18% in the year of 2006. 2007). However there is a lack of large companies installed in the Brazilian Amazon. Emílio Goeldi Paraense Museum (MPEG). Freitas (2007) has calculated that the Brazilian phytotherapeutic agents segment has invoiced.J. pollutants bioremediator agents. the segment of phytotherapeutic agents had an accelerated increase of invoicing. chemical products.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. etc (Fonseca. (2009). such as Brazilian Company of Agricultural and Cattle Breeding Research (Embrapa) Western Amazonia and Eastern Amazonia. and Cosmetics Industry (ABIHPEC). from the point of view of its diffusion and application in the generation of Technological Product & Process (TPP) inventions of phytotheraputical and phytocosmetic sectors.3 and US$8. in the period of 2003 November to 2006 October. therapeutic agents. According to Arruda (2009) based on the data from the Brazilian Association of Personal Hygiene.Volume 6. Introduction Brazil possesses strategic conditions to generate innovations and obtain a worldwide prominent position in the exploitation of knowledge associated to biodiversity (Vasconcellos and Rodrigues. In the XXI century. in the USA and Europe.3 millions pharmaceutical units. the Brazilian market of cosmetic agents closed the year of 2005 with a liquid invoicing of US$8. The international market of therapeutic agents based on plants moved in 2000.5 billion. al. being converted into technological development for the phytotherapics and phytocosmetics sectors. The scientific benefits from a better understanding about the Amazonian biologic diversity are extensive. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 137 . Technol. and a sales increase of 15. cosmetics.jotmi. The conversion of scientific research about Amazon biodiversity into commercial products is a national challenge. 2002). about US$6. Two of this segments are phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents. due to economic importance to these organisms for the production of new antibiotics. which will be potentially applicable to different fields. Institute of Researches in Tropical Pathologies (IPEPATRO). ISSN: 0718-2724. Innov. 2011. respectively (Simões and Schenckel. which could offer the technological development of regional products based on biodiversity (Frickmann and Vasconcellos. In line with the Oslo Manual (OECD. or medication packages. the Brazilian Amazonian looks to congregate brand new factors for the configuration of a scenery promising for the development of innovations in strategic Brazilian sectors. Authors such as Becker (2009) and Arruda (2008) list the segments productive strategy for the generation of Amazon technological innovations. such as pharmaceutics. such as phytotherapic and phytocosmetic ones. as new scientific discoveries about Amazon biodiversity will enable the development of innovations in the biotechnology sector. 2009). mainly. among others. and nutrition. which are inserted in the new paradigm of social and economic development based on renewable resources and are also currently in expansion (Hasenclever et. The Tropical Rain Forest presents high diversity of organisms and. microorganisms. which was of 10% in the year of 2005. According to Hasenclever et. Poz and Silveira. polymers.. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). which are insufficiently inventoried yet (Miguel. National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA). Currently. Therefore. 2008). Manag. 2010) to global markets. In this way the present research has verified the amount of scientific production in the Brazilian Amazonian institutions that is. The Brazilian Amazonia is a single natural asset that could offers to Brazil competitive advantages in the global biotechnology industry. 2005) there are two basic families of scientific and technological (S&T) indicators which are directly relevant to the measurement of TPP innovation: resources devoted to research and development (R&D) and patent statistics. effectively. In Brazil. (http://www. the amount of US$1. al. enzymes.086 billions with the sale of 122. biolixiviation agents.
Pc = 0. as exact phrase). The research for identification of the CNPq Research Groups working with medicinal plants. Sum without repetition = 4). Pt = 1. the keyword phytotherapeutic and the keyword phytocosmetic. the Amapá (Mp = 3. whose purpose is to work for the promotion of scientific and technological research and training of human resources for research in Brazil. Pc = 0. because some research groups have utilized both. totalizing a surface of approximately 5. inserted into tables containing information about: the inventors. The Maranhão State does not possess any research group in phytocosmetic agents (Mp = 10. Pt = 8. The State of Pará was the most diversified (Mp = 11.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. was developed using the following three (03) keywords: plantas medicinais (medicinal plants. Rondônia (RO). the State of Maranhão (only the State part western to 44º West Greenwich meridian). Amazonas (AM). Sum without 3 Federation Unit ISSN: 0718-2724. fitocosméticos (phytocosmetic) and fitoterápicos (phytotherapeutical).jotmi. Manag. Pt = 4. Results Respecting to research groups in the fields of medicinal plants (Mp). the respective abbreviation of the nine states composing the Legal Amazonia was selected: AC. those who get public funding and figure between the Brazilian public research institutions that are registered in the CNPq Directory of Research Groups. research group UF3 item. or personal hygiene use. such as. the State of Amazonas was the one presenting the largest number of research groups. Pt = 1. Amapá (AP). PA. the patent titles. in order to obtain public funding from this council. AM. but only partially. the territory of Legal Amazonia includes nine States: Acre (AC). Pc = 0. (http://www. Innov. phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents present in the Brazilian Amazonia. 2010a). MA. The Brazilian researchers need to participate in research groups and to carry out these groups registration in the Directory of Research Groups from the CNPq. br/buscaoperacional/). for instance. 2011. using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software. Roraima (RR). Technol. and the year of application. RR. Such data were registered and. MT. The time interval was the period from 1982 to 2009. Pc = 1. all of this in order to identify the current main challenges for the development of innovations in these sectors. which originated from Amazonian States. Sum without repetition = 14) and abundant respecting to other States possessing research groups in the three analyzed categories.Volume 6. Pt = 6. The search about patents applications was performed in the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) database. phytotherapeutic (Pt) and phytocosmetic products (Pc) existing in the Brazilian Amazonia. and the Brazilian Amazonia phytotherapeutical and phytocosmetic sectors has been developed through a survey of existing research groups. in their own description. this study considers the main Brazilian research groups. Issue 4 2. Utility Models and Invention Addition Certificates originated from Brazilian Amazonia States. and the phytotherapical and phytocosmetic sectors verifying also the occurrence of Brazilian patent applications in these sectors. and the geographic area was the Legal Amazonia States. AP. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 138 .cnpq.J. Objective To investigate the existing research groups in the Brazilian Amazonia studying medicinal plants. Tocantins (TO) and also. Thus. TO. RO. the applicants. Materials & Methods In accordance with to geopolitical classification of 1966. odontological. The CNPq is an agency of the Ministry of Science. The study involved Invention Patents. Technology and Innovation (MCTI) of Brazil. in that region. done within the A61K class of the International Patent Classification (IPC). After that.217. The research about scientific knowledge of medicinal plants. 3. Sum without repetition = 16). The repetitions occurred. and records about research groups in the CNPq website (http://dgp. Sum without repetition = 12). Pará (PA). Mato Grosso (MT). the applications related to phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic products were selected by abstract reading and further analyzed. In the searching filters section. as well as the States of Mato Grosso (Mp = 10. which is referred to preparations for medical. when summed the three categories without the inclusion of research groups repeated in the different categories (Mp = 13. Pc = 1.423 km² (Brasil. 4.
phytotherapic and phytocosmetic research in Science and Technology Institutions (STI) of Brazilian Amazonia.'4#. Comparing the research groups found at Brazilian Amazonia to research groups found all over the Brazilian territory and utilizing the same keywords.3(+'3.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Tocantins (Mp = 5.'/&("0+' *.. research institutes (14%). The State of Rondônia has presented only one research group using the keyword ‘medicinal plants’ (Figure 1). Figure 1: Distribution of the amount of CNPq research groups. foundations (1%). Technol. Issue 4 repetition = 11). effectively presenting research groups registered in the Carlos Chagas Platform of CNPq are: universities (78%). Pc = 0. registered in the Carlos Chagas Platform of CNPq. Acre (Mp = 3./010.- +- 1+2. (http://www.J. as observed at figure 2. which is named ‘Technological Development’ of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Researches of the State of Amapá (IEPA). Pc = 0. and (3) 40% of all groups investigating phytocosmetic agents (NA = 2. Sum without repetition = 10). Number of Brazilian (NB) = 479]. and Roraima (Mp = 1. and companies (5%). Manag. These research groups were the following ones: ‘Development and Innovation of Pharmaceutical and/or Cosmetic Products’ of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) formed in 2009.626<8=>*=8<03 '( ') '* (' (+ *' .5678./0121345062 *.+8:%8&.Volume 6.'9&. Pt = 1. which develops investigation in a cooperative system with the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) to obtain and characterize standardized plant extracts for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. Sum without repetition = 3). NB = 186). ! Only two research groups of Brazilian Amazonia have utilized the keywords ‘phytocosmetic’. Innov.5% of all groups investigating phytotherapeutic agents (NA = 27.jotmi. 2011. the Amazon research efforts represent the following fractions: (1) 11. . and the research group of the State of Amapá. There is eighty six (86) research groups involved with medicinal plants. (2) 14. NB = 5) of the total Brazilian research groups. "! &% &$ &# &" &! % $ # " ! !"#$%&'()'*%+%.57895:062 (5. ISSN: 0718-2724. Sum without repetition = 2).&-. The types of Science and Technology Institutes (STI) types of Brazilian Amazonia. Pt = 5.9% of all Brazilian groups investigating medicinal plants [Number of Amazon (NA) = 57. museums (2%). Pt = 1. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 139 . per Brazilian Amazonia State in 2010. Pc = 0.
65. Altogether 23 STI were found. out of which ten (10) are federal. in 2010.Volume 6. the MPEG (Paraense Emílio Goeldi Museum). Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). The Federal Universities are: Federal University of Acre (UFAC). phytotherapic and phytocosmetic by Brazilian Amazonia. Innov.3% of them are institutions developing research about medicinal plants. and two (2) are private universities. Federal University of Tocantins (UFT). three (03) are state. The distribution of research groups investigating the fields of phytotherapeutic agents. a Foundation. Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP). Technol. Federal University of Pará (UFPA). the FMT (Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas) and a Company. State University of Maranhão (UEMA). 91. 2011. Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). and medicinal plants of these institutions can be visualized at figure 3. Manag. IFMA (Federal Institute of Maranhão). Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR). Issue 4 2% 5% 1% 3% Companies 11% 2% 8% Foundations State Institutes Federal Institutes Museums State Universities Federal Universities Private Universities 68% Figure 2: Distribution of research groups involved with medicinal plants.J.75% conduct research about phytocosmetic agents. The Private Universities investigating phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents at Amazonia are the Uninilton Lins (Nilton Lins University Center) and Ulbra (Lutheran University of Brazil). The STI found were: INPA (National Institute of Amazonian Research). Facultad de Economía y Negocios 140 . (http://www. It was found also a Museum. University of the State of Pará (UEPA) and University of the State of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT). Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA). Federal University of Roraima (UFRR). and IEPA (Institute of Scientific and Technological Researches of the State of Amapá). per category of STI. Such universities are distributed among all Amazon States. The State Universities are: State University of the State of Amazonas (UEA). ISSN: 0718-2724. the EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). ! Sixteen universities were found. phytocosmetic agents.2% develop research about herbal medicines and 8. IFAM (Federal Institute of Amazonas).org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado.jotmi.
These deposits are referred to processes for obtainment of plant extracts. medications and even herbicides. Vernonia sp. botanic family Plantaginaceae). murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. AIDS.. for instance. per Amazonian institution until 2010. Technol. solutions with antibacterial activity. The patent applications analysis has indicated that 56% of them presented. and asthma. botanic family Compositae). inserted in the Class A61K of IPC (International Patent Classification) by Amazonian institutions. chemical composition. active substances. botanic family Anacardiaceae. botanic family Leguminosae). chapeu-de-couro [Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli. botanic family Leguminosae). Açacur (Hura crepitans L. botanic family Rutaceae). botanic family Arecaceae). 17% of phytocosmetic agents (N=7). The Amazon patent applications of A61K Class of IPC represent about 0. 2011. cosmetic composition. copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayane. Issue 4 ! Figure 3: Distribution of research groups investigating phytotherapeutic agents. catinga de mulata (Tanacetum vulgare L. ISSN: 0718-2724. had two (N= 2) of its patent applications for phytotherapeutical agents filed.. Such patent applications were classified and subdivided into: 40% of phytotherapeutic agents (N=15).) Coville.Volume 6. phytotherapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases such as hemorrhoids. (http://www. Piper aducum L.. such as. 35 patent applications were found. rejuvenators. in the product description. botanic family Euphorbiaceae).org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. a patent application titled “Água Milagrosa” (Miraculous Water).jotmi. as 31. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 141 . and phytocosmetic agents. odontological compositions with plant resources. botanic family Alismataceae]. formulations.. Manag. Respecting to intellectual protection strategies employed for the Amazon bioproducts of personal hygiene and health sectors. and 43% of other types of Class A61K products (N=13). barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. the remaining patent applications for phytotherapeutical agents of these states continue to follow their normal course at INPI. The Amazonas State.J. formulation of toilet soaps and shampoos. and medicinal plants. (botanic family Piperaceae) and vassourinha (Scoparia dulcis L. the utilization of plant resources such as.1% of patent deposits done in Brazil within this CIP field.700 patent deposits have been found at INPI database (04/18/2011) having A61K classification. similarly to Mato Grosso State. manufacture methods of gels based on Amazonian plants. The States of Amazonas and Mato Grosso were the Amazonian States that most deposited patent applications of phytotherapeutical agents (N= 4 for each). limão tanjalo (Citrus nobilis Lour. cancer. andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet.. including also products involving mystical elements. Innov. Astronium urundeuva Engl. botanic family Meliaceae). diabetes..
6% 1. Between the three (N= 3) patent applications for “phytoproducts” of Pará. Utility Model (MU). the remaining are following the normal course at INPI. Manag. in 2004. Company Natural Person University 32. The patent applications originated from Amazon States and related to phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic sectors deposited at INPI were in their majority. as evidenced at figure 4. 91% Figure 5: Percent distribution of patent applications of A61K class of the IPC. and one (N= 1) for phytotherapeutic agent. 3% Patent (PI). that is. requested by natural persons (PF). nor phytocosmetic patents. indicating a scientific partnership between these research institutions for the production of biotechnological inventions based on Amazonian plant resources. done in Brazil in the period between 1982 and 2009. one for phytocosmetic agent was filed. The State of Maranhão has developed two (N= 2) patent applications for phytotherapeutic agent. 2011.A). The requests of Amapá and Tocantins were filed. Innov. only one (N= 1) of the found patent deposits was done in co-titularity. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 142 . originated from Amazon States. being requested by a company settled in São Paulo/Brazil (Natura Cosméticos S. Issue 4 The State of Acre had the leadership in patent applications for phytocosmetic agents. The State of Pará has thirteen (N=13) patent deposits in the class A61K. ! ISSN: 0718-2724. with three (N= 3) requests deposited and following the normal course at INPI.Volume 6. within the A61K class of the IPC. Such patent was requested in the State of Pará. Number of Patent Applications 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Ac re Ro nd ôn ia Pa rá na s ap á ar an hã o M nt in s Gr os so ato Am az o Am To ca Phytotherapeutic Phytocosmetic Other M ! Figure 4: Patent applications in the period between 1982 and 2009. No deposit of Invention 2. and one (N= 1) for phytocosmetic agent.jotmi. and Amapá have all requested one patent for phytotherapeutic agent (N=1 for each). originated from Amazon States. Figure 5 represents the percent distribution of these patents depositors. Tocantins.J. It was also found a patent application on behalf of University of Amazonas Foundation (FUA) and Teaching Association of Ribeirão Preto/SP. The State of Roraima has requested neither phytotherapeutical patents. and it is titled “Cosmetic composition embracing lipidic fraction of plant origin and anti-crystallizing agent”. The States of Rondônia. and Certificate of Invention Addition (C) was done by a Brazilian Amazonia company. 91%. in the year of 2010. only two (N= 2) were for phytocosmetic agent. Refinadora da Amazônia). Technol. but out of them. at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). in partnership with a company in the state of Pará/Brazil (Cia.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. (http://www.
However. mainly. wood artifacts.4 million in a business enterprise promoted by the Superintendence of Manaus Free Zone (SUFRAMA). by the perspectives that this fact represents in the international scenery. 2011. for further participation analysis of the Amazonian research groups in the Brazilian scenery. that invested US$ 98. such as Natura S. and pulps). because it detains the largest scientific knowledge about the productive chains of the most utilized regional raw materials. products as handicrafts. The State of Pará congregates both. The Brazilian buyer companies came from 15 Brazilian states. 2010b). 2009) and. 4 Cosmetic products containing bioactive ingredients with therapeutic properties for skin treatment. such installation is also important. in the sector of cosmetic and dermocosmetic agents. Part of this scientific and technological advancement in the State of Pará could be a direct consequence of the presence of large São Paulo companies over there.A.063 individuals with doctorate level (PhD) in Brazil.095/2006). regional fruits (in natura. copaiba. firstly. and spirits). taking into account the total number of 87. and in course at INPI. Innov. an interest in the generation of innovations in this sector. which has as mission to promote the technological innovation of processes and products. Amazonas is the more technoscientifically organized state for the development of dermocosmetics4. ISSN: 0718-2724. consequently. and Beraca Sabará. The existence of Foundation for support of research in the State of Amazonas (FAPEAM) has been also fundamental for the regional development.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. biscuits. Another important differential of Amazonas is the existence of the State Law of Technological Innovation (Law # 3. and the technological invention indicated by the patent “Cosmetic composition embracing lipidic fraction of plant origin and anti-crystallizing agent”.5% of Brazilian research groups investigating phytotherapeutic agents and 40% of Brazilian research groups investigating phytocosmetic agents. which created the possibility of “incentives to innovations and scientific/technological research in the productive environment”. the State of Acre possesses the largest number of deposits in the phytocosmetic sector. transference of technology from the country Southern Region to country Northern Region. Refinadora da Amazônia. and the participation of these groups in the Brazilian scenery is relevant. Issue 4 5.jotmi. the scientific research produced by the CNPq research group titled “Development and innovation of pharmaceutical and/ or cosmetic products”. fish. stimulating and creating the basic conditions to support the development of industrial activities based on the sustainable exploitation of Amazonian biodiversity.A and Cia. only 5% of them. foods and beverages (candies. medicinal and aromatic herbs. working in the Amazon Region were able to produce 14. Discussion The results of this investigation reveal that the Brazilian Northern Region is starting an of arrangement process for its research groups in the area of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents.J. According to Arruda (2009). which in 2009 has moved about US$11. and the international ones came from 13 different countries (Brasil. such as andiroba. (http://www. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 143 . with three (n= 3) patent applications deposited. other parameters such as impact of scientific publications. furniture. Manag. In this case. in period 19962008 years (Brasil. The Amazonian biodiversity linked to the pioneer character of these investigations could effectively represent a promising expectation for the regional and Brazilian development. it constitutes the main regional source of non-reimbursable public investments for R&D in the areas that were characterized by the 2007-2010 Action Plan of MCTI. indicating a protection expectation for inventions of this technological field and. This because. being demanded on that occasion. 2010c). because it results in generation of employments. as “future holders” in the Northern Region. taxes income.5 million in research & development (R&D) in the interval between 2003 and 2008 (Amazonas. published. by the elucidation of properties of these Amazonian genetic resources. In the State of Amazonas. there is the experience of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM). and castanha-do-pará. and production of patents in the Amazonia. currently. which was requested by the Natura company S. phytotherapeutic agents.Volume 6. plant extracts and oils. Arruda (2008) points also for the important existence of the Amazon Biotechnology Center (CBA). jams. and secondly. should be considered and analyzed in conjunction with the data presented in this study. Technol. natural colorants.
(7) Crajirú – Fridericia chica (Bonpl. and built a forest vivarium with pau-rosa. (4) Chichuá – Maytenus guyanensis Klotzsch ex ReissekCelastraceae. and andiroba seedlings. . 2009). ex. copaiba.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. once that. botanic family Rhamnaceae) which is utilized as antimalarial. The results of this work point also to the relevance of public research institutions.. These actions are of extreme importance for the Amazon technological and scientific development. (5) Mulateiro – Calycophylum spruceanum (Benth) Hook F. according to Cruz (1999). in order to transform them into technological products.5 million in the regional Micro and Small Businesses for the development. HR-Doctorate programs of FAPEAM. financing the research of Amazon botanical species with some demand and associated production. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 144 . where critical mass of technical-scientific competence is not built due to the lack of resources. (10) Patauá – Oenocarpus bataua var. (3) Pedrahume-caá – Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl. in the community of Silves/ AM.Lauraceae. besides to analyze the traditional handling techniques of the liana saracura-mirá or cerveja-de-índio (Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke. However.G. Innov. such argument was evidenced in states lacking FAPs up to the year of 2009. Technol.Arecaceae.Sterculiaceae. Issue 4 In this sense. the Science and Technology Program for the Green Amazonas and the PPOPE6 developed forest inventories and researches in conjunction with traditional populations.Lohmann. etc. . among other products. HR-Interiorization. and amapá seedlings. In the Rural Settlement of Cristo Rei do Uatumã.Rubiaceae.) L. 2007a). preciosa. In this work. such as the Federal Universities. extracts.Bignoniaceae. andiroba. ex Schult. adjusting the intellectual utilization of Amazon professionals with that of the remaining areas of the Brazil..) Urb.Areacaceae. research groups of institutions such as INPA and UFAM have offered management courses. This way. where the number of research groups investigating “Phytos”. and supplementary issues analyzed for the improvement of local populations quality of life. phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents. such as scientists and engineers developing their activities. mainly the federal ones. were lower. 2007b). the progress in R&D is directly related to the presence of professionals. where no patent application to INPI has occurred.Volume 6. Programa Amazonas de Apoio a Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas em áreas Estratégicas or Amazonas Program of Research Support in Public Policies within Strategic Areas. . such as territorial demarcation. ex Spreng.) DC. (11) Pau-Rosa – Aniba rosaeodora Ducke.Olacaceae. by means of actions like the Human Resources (HR)-Postgraduate. . cultural and linguistic rescue. forest resources management. pulp. It has invested US$3. bataua . (6) Preciosa – Aniba canellila (Kunth) Mez . and resources lack due to the absence of this critical mass (Jornal da Ciência. observing the potential for nonwood exploitation (Amazonas. . .jotmi. and in Roraima. Programa Integrado de Pesquisa e Inovação Tecnológica or Integrated Program of Research and Technological Innovation. of castanhado-brasil.J. for the development of scientific research of Amazonian phytotherapeutical and phytocosmetic agents. it is emphasized that such patent applications have very low success rate in Brazil. Manag. (http://www. and their respective patent applications. according to Plans of Preliminary Development (PDP). 5 6 ISSN: 0718-2724. building of vivariums of copaiba.Myrtaceae.) K.Schum. the arrangement of Amazon R&D system has amplified the frame of regional doctors. 2011. – Lauraceae. (9) Buriti – Mauritia flexuosa L. the implementation of FAPs (State Foundations of Research Support) in the Brazilian Amazonia constitutes a tool to ease the lack R&D investments in the region. HR-Inter-institutional. and the absence of FAPs in states such as Rondônia. Schum. This action stimulates also the development of Local Productive Arrangements (APLs). and concentrates of regional fruits and environmental services (Amazonas. (2) Muirapuama – Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. (8) Cupuaçú – Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Other programs like PIPT5.Rubiaceae. Roraima confines the states research nuclei in a vicious circle. such as: (1) Unha de gato – Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.f. these research groups have also inventoried the region. for the development of protocols of in vitro propagation of andiroba. Other actions directly related to the development of “Phytos” sector are being implemented with the support of the Amazon Programme Support Research in Business (PAPPE) of FAPEAM Edict.
as: (1) Small business owners deposit patent applications as natural persons. which in its Article 88th establishes that “The invention and the utility model pertain exclusively to the employer. the patents associating resources of the Brazilian genetic asset with traditional knowledge (CTA). It is still uncertain the destination of 91% of the patent applications found by this investigation. there are no paths in the moment to authorize it to independent inventors. they have not institutional character. Esquibel and Lage (2004). So. for purposes of granting of invention patents by INPI. September 16th. the problem falls over the sphere of MP 2186-16/2001. Article 1st). 2009) by Ministry of Environment (MMA) of the Deliberation # 246 that accredited the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) to authorize: (1) other institutions to develop the activities of access to samples of a component of the genetic asset. which evidenced that the application of more than a half of patents in this technological field was done on behalf of independent inventors. (2) Investigators deposit the results of their researches developed within Brazilian STI. up to the moment of the patent application examination. The third possible explanation is that (3) They really result from natural persons. and not as juridical persons. created to regulate the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the Brazilian territory. and only eleven (N= 11) are still in course at INPI. when resulting from a work contract whose execution occurs in Brazil. 2009). Manag. representing so a loss of regional innovative efforts. It is important to detach that of the “phytos” patent applications. with only two (N=2) of them pertaining to juridical person. nine (N= 9) requests where already filed. in order to decrease the procedural costs charged by INPI. The Resolution 23 of 2006 of CGen establishes the mechanism of verification of accomplishment of MP Nº 2186-16/2001. it is assured yet the minimum participation of 5%. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 145 . should have their investigation processes analyzed by the Board of Management of Genetic Resources (CGen). thanks to unfamiliarity of Brazilian investigators with the Law of Industrial Property # 9. Some changes are being developed in the technical procedures of CGen. and the maximum one of 1/3 from the economic gains received by the STI. resulting from an agreement for technology transference and license for granting of right of use or exploitation of the protected creation (Chapter III. To the inventor. for instance. should inform the number and date of the access authorization issued by CGen. The MP 2186-16/2001 determines that the access to the component of genetic asset in Brazil is authorized only to Brazilian institutions. in the A61K Class of IPC and applied by Amazon inventors at INPI on behalf of independent inventors.279/1996. Innov. such as the issuing (on August 27th. only for purposes of scientific research (published in the Union Official Daily Newspaper. anticipating the possibility of a public server or employee to receive pecuniary retribution from the STI or support institution. probably. This situation is repetitive. and it determines that the holder of patent applications resulting from access to Brazilian genetic asset (PG). the Law of National Innovation (N° 10973/04) to stimulate the innovation in the ambit of federal research institutions enables incentives to public investigators who are involved in activities of technological innovation (Chapter I. and (2) to send samples of a component of the genetic asset to an institution settled overseas.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. § 1st). The significant participation of independent inventors in the sector of phytotherapeutic agents in Brazil had already been reported in the work of Vasconcellos. therefore. but by CNPq. that is. for purposes of scientific research. Possible explanations for this fact are formulated herein. This regulation was implemented at INPI by means of Resolution 207. ISSN: 0718-2724. on their own behalf. which could be refused. 2011. Article 9th. having as purpose the investigation or inventive activity. from independent and not institutionalized inventors. Article 8th.J. public or private. with which his/her respective federal research institution has signed an agreement (Chapter III. besides to provide the receipt of the fellowship for stimulation to innovation (Chapter III.jotmi. exerting activities of research in biological and similar areas. Besides. or when it results from the nature of the services for which the employee was hired”. Thus. § 2nd). Facing the impossibility of public investigator to register an institutionally developed patent on his/her own behalf. such cases are no more analyzed by CGen. 2002). there are nine (N= 9) patent applications deposited by independent inventors from Amazonian States in the A61K Class of IPC. (http://www. In this last case. Issue 4 A peculiarity of Amazon technological development in the sector of “Phytos” is that the largest part of Amazon patents of A61K Class applied at INPI. created to coordinate the implantation of policies for the management of Brazilian genetic asset and establish technical rules for such purpose (BRASIL.Volume 6. Technol. or patent applications resulting from associated traditional knowledge (CTA). has the application done on behalf of independent inventors or natural person (91%). Article 13th).
the Amazonian Region is trying to follow up this process. and registrations. reaching the domestic and international markets adding value to these products. regularly.J. for the sustainable development of Amazonian Region. are indispensable for the commercialization. by means of networks and technological projects. The excess of technical regulatory norms over these markets of international interest. embarrasses the growth of small and middlesized Amazon companies. result in innovative products and processes protected by the system of patents. Productive arrangements and efficient policies. stimulating so the partnership with large sized companies settled in other Brazilian States and even with international companies. and Venezuela. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 146 . and Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Staff (CAPES). in which is referred to planning. that none of these patents was granted so far. it was verified that these research efforts in the scientific area do not. there is a lack of large sized companies. by means of edicts such as PAPPE from FAPEAM. It is also necessary. it is necessary the continuation of stimulation to in-company research. avoiding so future problems for their companies. Suriname. The companies that achieve to grow exploiting this market niche. in areas inhabited by traditional populations. could create a productive environment favorable to these sectors. These genetic resources are exportation merchandises of the commodities type. need to follow up the meetings of CGen thematic chambers to understand the rules. breaking the vicious cycle of predatory exploitation of biodiversity. respectively. effectively. hire attorneys that actively participate of CGen thematic chambers. French Guyana. the entrepreneurs interested in exploit the market of Amazon biodiversity. To be able to transcend the local market. Currently. According to Revilla (2007). Colombia. Conclusion Despite the existence of seventy two (72) research groups in the Amazon Region investigating themes such as phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents. 2006). coordination. or medicinal plants. more efforts are necessary for the conversion of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic researches into innovative and intellectually protected ISSN: 0718-2724. Innov. mainly. probably.jotmi. in order to separate the phytotherapeutic agents from the teas of conventional and empiric use. time of use. the amplification of support strategies for the regional extractive activities. side effects. and others from the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP). invigorating the biotechnological market. This situation. The reality is that Brazil is still acquiring international experience in technological innovation and. a sector that trends to add more value to bioproducts. Ecuador. (http://www. as of phytotherapeutic sectors. such as: the lack of information about the dosage. The Amazonia is not only Brazilian (Clement and Higuchi. In order to improve the patent development of Amazonian States in the areas of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents. and management of economic interests of extractors and merchants. Issue 4 Currently.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. 2011). consequently. in Brazilian territory. as of phytocosmetic ones. is also more attractive for the holders of 150 international patents utilizing Amazon genetic resources. Cooperative Republic of Guyana. among others. in order to organize the demand of products offering as well. effectively. if adopted. Manag. Technol.Volume 6. but pertains to more than eight countries: Bolivia. being so indispensable the technoscientific investments for previous studies. So. 6. reveals that the potential of Amazon biodiversity is not being adequately utilized in Brazilian Amazonian to the generation of inventions in the areas of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents. all the regulations must be accomplished (Frickmann and Vasconcellos. associated to the result verified in this present investigation. identified by Homma (2008). facing great difficulties for that. 2011. of phytotherapeutic agents and products based on honey. Livestock and Supply (MAPA). without aggregated value (Lasmar. which could significantly contribute for add value to Amazonian bioproducts and. settled in the Brazilian Amazonia (Frickmann and Vasconcellos. the market of phytotherapeutic agents of Amazonian origin faces obstacles related to overcoming of Brazilian and worldwide phytosanitary barriers. 2005). for instance. CNPq. mainly. The low amount of patent applications of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents originated from the Amazon States. The accomplishment of technical norms of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the Ministry of Agriculture. obviously. 2010). pharmaceutical formulations. and develop activities of bioprospection of plants obtained. Peru. Such actions could stimulate the growth of Amazon productive sector of phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic agents.
Manag. and including into its scope.(2009). as it will amplify the strategies of transference of technologies of patents produced in the ambit of federal universities. BECKER. traditional populations and governors. Besides. Fundação de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM). logistical. it is a priority the implementation of FAPs in all states of Brazilian Amazonia Region. Bibliographic References: AMAZONAS (2007a). AMAZONAS (2009). could understand the actual potential of the Amazon biodiversity to generate foreign currency. Brasil.º 3. (2008). and so ascend to and definitely achieve an international detached position in the biotechnological development. Acknowledgements This investigation obtained financial support from the Foundation of Support to Research of the State of Amazonas (FAPEAM). Parcerias Estraégicas. and extractive communities participating in technological chains that are strategic for the development of commercial sectors. Amazonas. C.jotmi. Amazonas. STI. Brasil. B. Uma visão de futuro para o coração florestal da Amazônia. ARRUDA. It is urgent. become the market of bioproducts viable on sustainable bases. Relatório de Gestão.Volume 6.). that is. a politic adequacy of actions promoted by different public organisms. (http://www. anticipating also the existence of Brazilian sponsorships to large scale research projects. creating an aspect of Brazilian ambiguity respecting to the actual interest on the Amazonian biotechnological development. ARRUDA. the Foundation of Support to Research of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). As already highlighted by Querido. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos – CGEE.095. 6(14).org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. In: Pires. companies. in sectors considered politically strategic. Amazonas. it is important to increase the scientific sponsorships for the Brazilian Amazonia. T. 23-34. AMAZONAS (2006). (Ed. 7. Brasil. A. mainly the federal ones. Rede de inovação de dermocosméticos na Amazônia: o uso sustentável de sua biodiversidade com enfoques para as cadeias produtivas da castanha-do-pará e dos óleos de andiróba e copaíba. Amazonas. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 147 . so. and intellectual support from the Postgraduate Program in Vegetal Biotechnology of the UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and the INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property). Brasil 14(29). and effectively consolidate the production and innovation in the field of Brazilian phytotherapeutic and phytocosmetic products. Innov. Brasil. at the same time. Issue 4 products. Lage and Vasconcellos (2011) the support to universities NITs (Nuclei of Technological Innovation) is also indispensable for the regional innovation. as a program for stimulation to sustainable utilization of biodiversity and Amazon genetic resources. Um projeto para a Amazônia no século 21: desafios e contribuições. Amazonas/FAPEAM.J. 145-172. is that both. as strategies for stimulation to innovation and conservation. Revista T & C Amazônia. N. Cosméticos um caminho para a valorização da Biodiversidade Amazônica. Only with the maturation and Brazilian comprehension about the complexities involving the biotechnological sectors making use of the Amazonian biodiversity as matrix.C. Other impressive point is the creation of a Brazilian Law of Biodiversity able to cease the discussions about the MP 2186-16/2001. Ciência/ AMAZONAS (2007b). Brasil. A. the country and the Amazonia. 2011. de 17 de Novembro. 8. Brasilia/DF. ISSN: 0718-2724. The capacity in innovation should continue to be offered and expanded. resulting from complaints from diverse Amazonian representatives: entrepreneurs. PAPPE. with up to thirty years of duration. Technological.C. Technol. addressed mainly to federal scientific institutions. assuring benefits to innovative efforts from Brazilian investigators in the field of Amazonian biotechnology. (2009). Brasília/DF. 6-27. once the reality offers an entanglement of opportunities and obstacles crossing the legal sphere. Catálogo PIPT e Temático: resumos. Lei de Inovação Tecnológica. Amazonas FAPEAM. effectively competitive in the Brazilian and international markets. pp: 38-86. 3(6). Face to necessity to amplify the inventory of Brazilian Amazonian species and.K.
6(1). Revista T&C Amazônia.Volume 6. BRASIL (2010a). CRUZ.J.973 de 02 de dezembro de 2004.gov. Poz.J. Diagnóstico dos desafios e oportunidades no mercado de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos brasileiro.20 y 21 de octubre de 2011. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE). Ministério da Integração Nacional..gov. Valorização da Biodiversidade: capacitação e inovação. [online] . 23(641). Texto para Discussão 27.pdf [Accessed November 18.L. (http://www. LASMAR. K.br/pdf/cic/v58n3/ a18v58n3. 20-28. (2011). BRASIL (2004).J. mudas e inoculantes. Pp. HASENCLEVER.A.S.de S. 8(19). BRASIL (2010b). . Brasil. MIGUEL. A.ada. L. Technol.br/defaultCab. Cienc. Vasconcellos. Rio de Janeiro. 2010]. Mendes. C. Oslo Manual: Guidelines forcollecting and interpreting Innovation data. UFRJ-Coppe. Hoefle. O.redegoverno.M. Amazônia Legal: área de atuação/situação geográfica. ht tp://w w w. Estrutura de mercado do segmento de fitoterápicos no contexto atual da indústria farmacêutica brasileira.F. LEI N°10.M. Relatório Final do Centro de Gestão de Estudos Estratégicos – CGEE. Dispõe sobre incentivos à inovação e à pesquisa científica e tecnológica no ambiente produtivo e dá outras providências. What is the Destiny of Patents of Brazilian University? Journal of Technology Management & Innovation. https:// portal... ISSN: 0718-2724. Brasil. Estados buscam amparo para pesquisa científica e tecnológica. . Paris.php FRICKMANN. Ministério da Saúde. (Org. php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=9&i d=54&Itemid=51 [Acessed August 16. Vasconcellos. In: Silveira. Embrapa Informação Tecnológica. (2007).jotmi. (2005). asp?idservinfo=35614&url=http://www. Lopes. tecnologia na fitoindústria do Amazonas. L.D. E. Resolução nº 001. Medida Provisória nº 2. 3rd Eddition Paris: OECD/ EUROSTAT. Brasília – DF. Brasil. Ministério do Desenvolvimento da Indústria e do Comércio Exterior (MDIC)/ Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus (SUFRAMA) Amazonas. A. L.S. Revista Humanidades. Brasil. Innov. Brasília-DF/Brasil.G.. FINEP. (2011). L. de 23 de agosto de 2001. http://cienciaecultura. Donati. tecnologia e inovação na amazônia brasileira: o caminho da conversão dos investimentos públicos em biotecnologias regionais. Brasília-DF. Cult. A. e S. 15-29. & Higuchi.L. M. H. Issue 4 BRASIL (2002). Brasília. Campinas.S.186-16. A. Castro.fucapi. M.R.. Brasil. Decreto nº 3. Brasília – DF. FREITAS. (2010c). Rio de Janeiro..) Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos: Desafios e oportunidades para o Brasil. Brasil. a empresa e a pesquisa que o país precisa. Universidade de São Paulo/Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Humana. 44-49.J. FRICKMANN. OECD (2005). Sociedade Brasileira Para o Progresso da Ciência.B. T. A.br/index. N.bvs. F. Cacicedo. E..H. Dal Poz.D.L. Ministério do Meio Ambiente – MMA/ CGen. (2004). Extrativismo. A.G.F. Doutores 2010: Estudo da demografia da base técno-científica brasileira. Manag. F. D. Investimentos em ciência. A (2007). de 8 de julho de 2002. (2009).br/tec/artigos. São Paulo/BR..945. Vasconcellos. dos S. A Floresta Amazônica e o Futuro do Brasil. CLEMENT. 2010]. de 28 de setembro de 2001. F. 19. Brasil. R. 45(1). Tese de doutorado.. C. 46-57. L. Antunes.166-197. Relatório de Gestão 2009. (2010) Oportunidade para a inovação e aproveitamento sustentável da biodiversidade amazônica em bases sustentáveis. JORNAL DA CIÊNCIA (2009). Assad. Facultad de Economía y Negocios 148 . BRASIL. HOMMA. Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade na Amazônia Brasileira: experiências atuais e perspectiva das bioindústrias de cosmético e fitoterápico.Biodiversidade e Biopirataria na Amazônia (2008). Brasília-DF/Brasil. XIV Congreso Latino-Iberoamericano de Gestión Tecnológica.org) Journal of Technology Management & Innovation © Universidad Alberto Hurtado. FONSECA. Biotecnologia vegetal e produtos afins: sementes. Lage. Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia. J.. Lima – Perú (CD-ROM).M. 2011. QUERIDO. A universidade.A (1999).. C. Silveira. Brasília. (2006)... D. Brasil. G.G. Klein.
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