Source: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/510072014021/consolide
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 08:50:40+00:00

Document:
22.04.2010 RT I 2010, 22, 108 01.01.2011, shall enter into force on the date specified in the decision of the Council of the European Union concerning abrogation of the derogation established with regard to the Republic of Estonia on the basis of Article 140 (2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Decision No. 2010/146/EU of the Council of the European Union of 13 July 2010 (OJ L 196, 28.07.2010, pp. 24-26).
The purpose of this Act is to prevent the use of the financial system and economic space of the Republic of Estonia for money laundering and terrorist financing.
4) the liability of obligated persons for violations of the requirements arising from this Act.
(2) The provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act apply to administrative proceedings prescribed in this Act, taking account of the specifications provided for in this Act.
10) non-profit associations and foundations for the purposes of the Non-profit Associations and Foundations Act, if a cash payment of more than 15 000 euros or an equal amount in another currency is made to them, regardless of whether the financial obligation is performed in the transaction in a single payment or in several linked payments, unless otherwise provided by law.
5) the foundation, operation or management of trusts, companies or other similar entities.
(21) This Act applies to the registrar of the Estonian Central Register of Securities if it organises opening securities accounts and provides services relating to register operations without mediation by an account administrator.
(3) For the purposes of this Act ‘cash’ means cash within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No. 1889/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on controls of cash entering or leaving the Community (OJ L 309, 25.11.2005, pp. 9-12). The provisions regarding cash are also applicable to performance of financial obligations using a precious metal, which is measured in bars or other units.
(4) For the purposes of this Act, ‘precious stones’ means natural and artificial precious stones and semi-precious stones, their powder and dust, and natural and cultivated pearls. In this Act the terms ‘precious metal’ and ‘precious metal articles’ are used within the meaning set out in the Precious Metal Articles Act.
2) the conversion, transfer, acquisition, possession or use of property derived from criminal activity or property obtained instead of such property for the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin of the property or of assisting a person who is involved in criminal activity to evade the legal consequences of his or her action.
(2) Money laundering also means a situation whereby the criminal activity that generated the property to be laundered was carried out in the territory of another state.
Terrorist financing means financing acts of terrorism as defined in § 2373 of the Penal Code.
2) the branch of a foreign credit institution registered in the Estonian commercial register.
11) the branch of a foreign service provider registered in the Estonian commercial register and providing a service specified in clauses 1) to 10).
(3) For the purposes of this Act, a currency exchange service is the exchange of the official currency of one country for the official currency of another country within economic or professional activities of an undertaking.
(4) A provider of services of alternative means of payment is a person who in its economic or professional activities and through a communications, transfer or clearing system buys, sells or mediates funds of monetary value by which financial obligations can be performed or which can be exchanged for an official currency, but who is not a person specified in subsection (1) or a financial institution for the purposes of the Credit Institutions Act.
5) acting as a representative of a shareholder of a public limited company or arrangement of representation of a shareholder by another person, except in the event of companies whose securities have been listed in a regulated securities market and with respect to whom disclosure requirements complying with European Community legislation or equal international standards are applied.
(1) A beneficial owner is a natural person who, taking advantage of their influence, exercises control over a transaction, operation or another person and in whose interests or favour or on whose account a transaction or operation is performed.
2) otherwise exercising control over management of a legal person.
(2) A beneficial owner is also a natural person who, to the extent of no less than 25 per cent determined beforehand, is a beneficiary of a legal person or civil law partnership or another contractual legal arrangement, which administers or distributes property, or who exercises control over the property of a legal person, civil law partnership or another contractual legal arrangement to the extent of no less than 25 per cent.
(3) A beneficial owner is also a natural person who, to an extent not determined beforehand, is a beneficiary of a legal person or civil law partnership or another contractual legal arrangement, which administers or distributes property, and primarily in whose interests a legal person, civil law partnership or another contractual legal arrangement is set up or operates.
(4) Clause 1) of subsection (11) of this section does not apply to companies whose securities have been listed on a regulated stock exchange.
For the purposes of this Act, property means any object as well as a document certifying the right of ownership of such object or other rights related to the object, including an electronic document, and a benefit received from the object.
An obligated person is a person specified in subsection 3 (1) or (2).
2) is not based on a continuing contract, but which may reasonably be expected to last for a certain term and during which the obligated person repeatedly makes independent transactions in the framework of their economic or professional activities, while providing a service or a professional service, performing professional operations or offering goods.
(2) For the purposes of this Act, ‘customer’ means a person who has a business relationship with an obligated person.
(1) In economic or professional activities an obligated person shall pay special attention to the activities of a person participating in a transaction or professional operation or of a person using a professional service or of a customer and to circumstances that refer to money laundering or terrorist financing or the connection of which with money laundering or terrorist financing is probable, including to complex, high-value and unusual transactions which do not have any reasonable economic purpose.
4) when the documents or data gathered earlier while identifying and verifying a person or while updating the respective data prove to be deficient or there is doubt about the veracity of the documents or data.
5) constant monitoring of the business relationship, including monitoring transactions carried out during the business relationship, regular verification of data used for identification, updating relevant documents, data or information and, if necessary, identification of the source and origin of funds used in the transaction.
(2) Credit institutions and financial institutions shall take due diligence measures in an agency, branch or subsidiary where they have a majority shareholding and which is located in a third country and shall follow there such requirements for collection and keeping of records, which are at least equal to the provisions of this Act. If the legislation of a third country does not allow for taking equal measures, the credit institution or financial institution shall immediately notify the competent supervision authority thereof and take additional measures for prevention of money laundering or terrorist financing risks.
(1) An obligated person shall take the due diligence measures provided in clauses 13 (1) 1)‑4) before establishment of any business relationship or carrying out any transaction, unless otherwise provided by this Act.
(2) If a financial obligation is performed in a transaction in several linked payments and the total amount of these payments is unknown, the person must be identified and verified as soon as the exceeding of the amount provided for in clause 12 (2) 2) becomes evident.
(3) An obligated person shall take any and all due diligence measures specified in subsection 13 (1) of this Act, but may choose the appropriate scope of taking of the due diligence measures based on the nature of the business relationship or transaction or the risk level of the person participating in the transaction or professional operation, the person using a professional service or the customer.
(4) Upon taking the due diligence measures specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)‑3), an obligated person has the right to rely on information received by the obligated person in a format that can be reproduced in writing from a credit institution registered in the Estonian commercial register or from the branch of a foreign credit institution or from a credit institution that has been registered or whose place of business is in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or a third country where requirements equal to those provided in this Act are in force.
(5) In their economic or professional activities an obligated person shall pay special attention to business relations and transactions if the place of residence or seat of the customer or the person participating in transaction or the person using the professional service or the seat of the provider of the payment service of the beneficiary is in a third country or in a territory where sufficient measures for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing have not been taken or if the country or territory is not engaged in international cooperation for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing or if it is a low tax rate territory.
(1) Upon opening an account in a credit institution or a financial institution or upon the first use of another service by a person with whom a credit institution or a financial institution has no business relationship, the person participating in the transaction or using the service shall be identified while being present at the same place as the person or the person’s representative.
(2) A credit institution and a financial institution shall not provide services that can be used without identification of the person participating in the transaction and verification of submitted information. A credit institution and a financial institution are also obligated to open an account and keep an account only in the name of the account holder.
(3) A credit institution and a financial institution shall not conclude a contract or make a decision on opening an anonymous account or savings bank book. A transaction in violation of the prohibition shall be void.
(4) A credit institution and a financial institution may exceptionally, at the request of a person participating in a transaction, open an account before the full taking of due diligence measures on the condition that the account is debited after the full taking of the due diligence measures specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)-4) and the first payment relating to the transaction is made through an account of the same person, which has been opened in a credit institution that operates in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or in a country where requirements equal to those provided for in this Act are in force.
(41) A credit institution may open an account pursuant to the procedure provided for in clause 67 (4) 1 of the Commercial Code in the name of a company being established, via a notary authorised on the basis of subsection 520 (4) of the Commercial Code or on the basis of personal data automatically verified by the registrar via a computer network, provided that a share capital contribution is made to the account from an account opened in a credit institution operating in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or in the branch of a foreign credit institution opened in a contracting state, and that the account is not debited before the company is entered into the Estonian commercial register or before taking the due diligence measures specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)-4) of this Act pursuant to the procedure provided for in subsection (1) of this section. Representatives of the company shall allow the credit institution to take the due diligence measures pursuant to the procedure provided for in subsection (1) of this section and shall sign a settlement contract regarding the account within six months after opening the account.
3) a person who wishes to establish a business relationship with a credit institution or a financial institution has been identified and verified by a credit institution or a financial institution specified in subsection (1) of this section, and upon identifying the person, the credit institution or financial institution relies on written information and documents which it has received from a credit institution or financial institution specified in subsection (1) of this section.
2) until the taking of the due diligence measures specified in clauses 1)-4) of subsection (1) of § of this Act, the credit institution or the financial institution shall not provide third parties with authorisation or authentication services with regard to the person specified in this subsection pursuant to the procedure provided for in subsection (1) of this section.
(5) An insurer and an insurance broker may verify the identity of a beneficiary under a life assurance contract after the establishment of a business relationship, but not later than upon making a disbursement or commencement of realisation of the rights of the beneficiary arising from the life assurance contract.
(6) Upon provision of currency exchange services, a provider of currency exchange services shall identify and verify all persons participating in the transaction if the amounts exchanged in cash either in a single transaction or linked transactions exceed 6400 euros or an equal amount in another currency.
(7) Upon provision and mediation of a service, a provider of payment services shall identify all customers who make or receive money transfers through the provider of payment services.
2) upon mediation of a transaction between several customers, identify and verify each person participating in a transaction.
(1) An organiser of games of chance shall identify and verify the data specified in subsection 23 (3) regarding all persons who pay or receive in a single transaction or several linked transactions an amount exceeding 2000 euros or an equal amount in another currency.
(2) Identification of persons and the taking of other due diligence measures by a notary shall be based on the Notarisation Act and the Notaries Act with the specifications provided by this Act.
(3) A notary, enforcement officer, bankruptcy trustee, auditor, attorney and another legal service provider may identify and verify the identity of a customer or a person participating in a transaction and a beneficial owner in the course of establishing a business relationship or carrying out a transaction, provided that it is necessary for the purpose of not interrupting the ordinary course of professional activities and if the risk of financing money laundering or terrorist financing is low.
(4) In the event specified in subsection (3), the taking of due diligence measures must be completed as soon as possible after the first contact and before performing any binding acts.
(1) Upon fulfilment of the conditions provided for in § 18 of this Act, an obligated person may, in the event of a low risk of money laundering or terrorist financing, take the due diligence measures specified in subsection 13 (1) of this Act pursuant to a simplified procedure, determining the appropriate scope thereof pursuant to the nature of the business relationship or the risk level of the risk level of the transaction and the person participating in the transaction or professional operation, person using the professional operation or the customer.
(2) Simplified due diligence measures shall not be taken if there is suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing.
(3) An obligated person shall gather enough information to identify whether a transaction performed in economic or professional activities or a person participating in a transaction or professional operation, a person using a professional operation or a customer complies with the conditions provided for in subsections 18 (1)-(4) of this Act.
5) a credit institution or a financial institution, a credit institution or a financial institution located in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or in a third country, which in the country of location is subject to requirements equal to those provided for in this Act and the performance of which is subject to state supervision.
(2) An obligated person may take simplified due diligence measures with regard to the beneficial owners of an official account opened by a notary or enforcement officer of a contracting state of the European Economic Area or third country, provided that the official account is subject to due diligence measures which are in compliance with the international standards for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing, state supervision is exercised over adherence to these requirements and the notary or enforcement officer has and keeps information about the identity of the beneficial owner.
3) a transaction is carried out in the framework of a superannuated pension scheme or another scheme allowing for such pension benefits whereby insurance premium is debited from wages and the terms and conditions of the pension scheme do not allow for assignment of the rights of a participant in the scheme.
(31) An electronic money institution may take simplified due diligence measures if an electronic money device does not allow for reloading and the amount saved in one electronic money device does not exceed 250 euros.
4) the obligated person registers at least the data specified in clauses 23 (2) 1)-4) of this Act with regard to a customer.
(5) The criteria of the low risk of money laundering or terrorist financing with regard to certain persons or transactions in the event of which simplified due diligence measures may be taken shall be established by a regulation of the Minister of Finance.
(1) If the nature of a situation involves a high risk of money laundering or terrorist financing, an obligated person shall take enhanced due diligence measures.
3) a person participating in a transaction performed in economic or professional activities, a person participating in a professional operation, a person using a professional service or a customer is a person specified in subsection 21 (1) of this Act.
3) making the first payment relating to a transaction through an account opened in the name of a person or customer participating in the transaction in a credit institution which has its place of business in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or in a country where requirements equal to those provided for in this Act are in force.
(4) In the events specified in subsections (1) and (2) an obligated person shall take the due diligence measures specified in clause 13 (1) 5) more frequently than usually.
(5) An obligated person is responsible for the proper taking of due diligence measures.
(1) A politically exposed person is a natural person who performs or has performed prominent public functions, their family members and close associates. A person who, by the date of entry into a transaction, has not performed any prominent public functions for at least a year, and the family members or close associates of such person are not considered politically exposed persons.
6) a member of a directing, supervisory or administrative body of a state company.
(3) The provisions of clauses (2) 1)-5) include positions in the European Union and in other international organisations.
4) his or her parent.
2) a person who as a beneficial owner has full ownership of a legal person or contractual legal arrangement, which is known to have been founded for the benefit of the person performing prominent public functions.
(1) Upon establishment of a business relationship with or carrying out a transaction with or performance of a professional operation for or provision of a professional service to a politically exposed person of a contracting state of the European Economic Area or a third country or their family member or close associate, an obligated person shall take the enhanced due diligence measures provided for in § 19 of this Act.
4) continuously take the due diligence measures specified in clause 13 (1) 5).
2) the control systems of the credit institution of the third country for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
3) upon keeping records and upon performance of the notification obligation and taking other measures for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
(21) Prior consent of the management board of the credit institution or financial institution or the person authorised by the management board is required for opening a correspondent account for a credit institution or a financial institution of a third country or for opening a correspondent account in a third country credit institution or financial institution or for signing the corresponding contract.
3) according to international standards or the circumstances provided for in this section, which are to be used as a basis for assessment, deficiencies become evident in the trustworthiness of the executives of the credit institution and in assessment of measures for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
(4) An agreement in violation of the prohibition of opening a correspondent account in a credit institution corresponding to the conditions specified in clauses (3) 1) and 2) shall be void.
(5) Subsections (3) and (4) apply to correspondent relationships with institutions and undertakings whose principal and permanent activity lies in carrying out transactions resembling those provided for in subsection 6 (1) of the Credit Institutions Act.
(1) An obligated person shall identify a natural person and verify the person on the basis of a document specified in subsection 2 (2) of the Identity Documents Act or a valid travel document issued in a foreign country or a driving license complying with the conditions provided in subsection 4 (1) of the Identity Documents Act. In addition to an identity document, the representative of a person participating in a transaction shall submit a document in the required format, certifying the right of representation. A person below 7 years of age may be identified on the basis of a birth certificate specified in § 30 of the Vital Statistics Registration Act.
4) the name of the document used upon identification and verification of the right of representation, and its date of issue and the name of the issuer.
(3) On the basis of the information received from the person specified in subsection (1), an obligated person shall register the address of the place of residence and the profession or area of activity of the person. If a customer or a person participating in a transaction carried out in economic or professional activities is a natural person of a contracting state of the European Economic Area or a third country, the obligated person shall register the information about whether the person performs or has performed any prominent public functions or is a close associate or a family member of a person performing prominent public functions.
(4) A person participating in a transaction performed in economic or professional activities, a person participating in a professional operation, a person using a professional service or a customer shall, at the request of an obligated person, submit documents and provide relevant information required for taking the due diligence measures specified in subsection 13 (1) of this Act.
(5) A representative of a legal person of a foreign country shall, at the request of an obligated person, submit a document certifying his or her powers, which has been notarised or authenticated pursuant to an equal procedure and legalised or authenticated by a certificate substituting for legalisation (apostille), unless otherwise prescribed by an international agreement.
(6) If the documents or data specified in subsections (1) and (3) cannot be received, documents certified or authenticated by a notary or authenticated officially may be used for verification of the identity of a person.
(7) A person a person participating in a transaction or professional operation performed in economic or professional activities, a person using a professional service or a customer shall, at the request of an obligated person, certify the correctness of the submitted information and documents by signature.
(1) An obligated person shall identify a legal person and its passive legal capacity and verify the information obtained. Legal persons registered in Estonia and branches of foreign companies registered in Estonia shall be identified on the basis of an extract of a registry card of the relevant register and foreign legal persons shall be identified on the basis of an extract of the relevant register or a transcript of the registration certificate or an equal document, which has been issued by a competent authority or body not earlier than six months before submission thereof.
3) the date of issuance of the document and the name of the agency which issued the document.
4) the data of the beneficial owners of the legal person.
(4) If an obligated person has information that a politically exposed person of another contracting state of the European Economic Area or a third country may be related to a customer or a person participating in a transaction carried out in economic or professional activities, the circumstances specified in subsection 23 (3) shall be registered on the basis of the information received from the representative of the legal person in addition to the data specified in subsection (3).
(5) An extract of the registry card does not have to be submitted if the obligated person has access to the data of the commercial register and the register of non-profit associations and foundations via a computer network.
(6) If the document or data specified in subsections (1) and (3) cannot be received, documents certified or authenticated by a notary or authenticated officially shall be used for verification of the identity of a person.
(1) Upon identification and verification of a person, an obligated person shall register the date or period of time of entry into a transaction and a description of the content of the transaction.
9) in the event of another transaction: the transaction amount, the currency and the account number.
(1) An obligated person shall keep the original counterparts or copies of the documents specified in §§ 23 and 24, which serve as the basis for identification and verification of a person, and of the documents serving as the basis for establishment of a business relationship, for no less than five years after termination of the business relationship.
(2) An obligated person shall keep on any data medium the documents prepared with regard to a transaction and the documents and data serving as the basis for the notification obligations specified in subsections 32 (1) and (2) for no less than five years after carrying out the transaction or performance of the notification obligation.
(3) An obligated person shall keep the documents and data specified in sections (1) and (2) in a manner which allows for a full and immediate reply to enquiries received from the Financial Intelligence Unit or, pursuant to legislation, from other investigative bodies or a court.
(4) If an obligated person makes, for the purposes of identifying a person, a query to a database that is part of the state information system the use of which is obligatory for the obligated person under the legislation in force, the obligation provided for in subsections (1) and (3) of this section shall be deemed complied with if the information about making the electronic query to the corresponding register can be reproduced over a period of five years after the end of the business relationship. If an obligated person has identified a person pursuant to subsection 15 (43) of this Act, the information of the document used for digital identification, including the user’s facial image and signature image, shall be kept in a form that can be reproduced for a term of five years after the termination of the business relationship.
(1) An obligated person is prohibited to establish a business relationship or to carry out a transaction specified in clause 12 (2) 2) of this Act if a person participating in the transaction or professional operation, a person using professional services or a customer, regardless of the respective request, does not submit the documents or relevant information required for complying with the due diligence measures specified in clauses 13 (1) 1) to 4) of this Act or if on the basis of the documents submitted the obligated person has reasonable doubt that the situation may constitute money laundering or terrorist financing.
(11) Credit institutions are prohibited to sign a settlement contract if the owner of the account specified in subsection 15 (41) of this Act, regardless of the respective request, does not submit the corresponding data and documents required for taking the due diligence measures specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)-4) of this Act or if the submitted documents make the obligated person suspect money laundering or terrorist financing.
(2) An obligated person has the right to refuse to carry out a transaction if a person participating in a transaction or professional operation, a person using a professional service or a customer, regardless of the respective request, does not submit the documents or relevant information required for identification of the circumstances specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)-4) of this Act or data certifying the legal origin of the property constituting the object of the transaction or if the data and documents submitted make the obligated person suspect money laundering or terrorist financing.
(3) If a person participating in a transaction carried out in economic or professional activities or a customer, regardless of the respective request, does not submit documents and relevant information required for performance of the obligation specified in clauses 13 (1) 1)-4) of this Act, it shall be deemed a fundamental breach of contract and the obligated person shall be required to, without following the term of advance notification, extraordinarily cancel the contract concluded for an indefinite period, which serves as the basis for the business relationship.
(4) In the event of termination of a business relationship on the basis of subsection (3) of this section a credit institution and a financial institution may transfer the property of a customer only to an account opened in a credit institution or the branch of a credit institution registered in the Estonian commercial register or in a credit institution registered or having its seat in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or in a country where requirements equal to those provided in this Act are in force. The provisions of subsection 720 (6) of the Law of Obligations Act do not apply to this subsection.
(41) Any agreement violating the prohibition provided for in subsection (11) of this section shall be null and void. The provisions of the first sentence of subsection (4) of this section apply to the account of a company being founded, unless otherwise provided in a precept of the Financial Intelligence Unit issued on the basis of subsection 40 (1) of this Act.
(5) The provisions of subsections (1) to (3) do not apply to notaries, attorneys, enforcement officers, bankruptcy trustees or other legal service providers or to auditors and persons providing accounting or tax advice when evaluating the customer’s legal position, defending or representing the customer in court, challenge or other such proceedings, including providing the customer with consultations regarding the initiation or avoidance of proceedings.
4) the information serving as the basis for the notification obligation arising from § 32 of this Act.
(1) If an obligated person has outsourced an activity to a third party for the purpose of better performance of the obligations related to its economic or professional activities, it shall be deemed that the third party knows of any and all requirements arising from this Act. The obligated person who outsourced its activities is liable for infringement of the requirements.
6) it is ensured that the documents and records collected for fulfilment of the requirements arising from this Act are kept pursuant to the procedure provided for in this Act and legislation adopted on the basis thereof.
(3) An obligated person shall notify the competent supervision authority about outsourcing its activities.
(1) An obligated person shall establish written rules of procedure for taking the due diligence measures provided in this Act, including assessment and management of the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing, collection and keeping of records, and performance of the notification obligation and notification of the management, as well as internal control rules for checking adherence thereto.
(11) An obligated person is required to pay special attention to implementing rules of procedure and internal control rules in the subsidiaries where it has a majority holding, in branches and in representative offices if their seat or place of business is located in a third country which does not implement sufficient measures for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing or does not participate in international cooperation for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing or if the country is a low tax rate territory. Obligated persons shall ensure that, upon implementation of rules of procedure and internal control rules in the subsidiaries where they have a majority holding and in their branches and representative located in a third country, requirements at least equivalent to those provided for in this Act are established.
(2) The management board of a legal person constituting an obligated person, the head of the branch of an obligated person or, upon absence of the former, an obligated person shall ensure the provision of regular training in the performance of duties arising from this Act for employees whose duties include establishment of business relationships or carrying out transactions. The training shall, among other things, give information about the modern methods of money laundering and terrorist financing and the related risks.
(3) The management board of a credit institution and financial institution and the head of the branch of a foreign credit institution and financial institution registered in the Estonian commercial register shall appoint a person who acts as the contact person of the Financial Intelligence Unit (hereinafter compliance officer). Only a person who has the education, professional suitability, abilities, personal characteristics and experience required for performance of the duties of a compliance officer and impeccable reputation may be appointed as a compliance officer. Before the appointment of a compliance officer and during performance of the compliance officer’s duties, the Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to receive information from the compliance officer, their employer and state databases for the purpose of verifying the compliance officer’s background and suitability. If a structural unit performs the duties of a compliance officer, the provisions of this subsection apply to each employee of the structural unit.
(31) For the purposes of this Act, a person does not have impeccable reputation if, as a result of a background check carried out by the Financial Intelligence Unit, it becomes evident that the person’s credibility is under suspicion due to their previous acts or omissions. In such an event the credit institution or financial institution may extraordinarily terminate the compliance officer’s employment contract due to the loss of credibility.
(4) An obligated person who is not a credit institution or financial institution may appoint a compliance officer for performance of the duties related to prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing. If a compliance officer has not been appointed, the duties of a compliance officer shall be performed by the management board of a legal person, the head of the branch of a foreign company registered in the Estonian commercial register, or a self-employed person.
(5) An employee or a structural unit may perform the functions of the compliance officer. If a structural unit performs the duties of the compliance officer, the head of the respective structural unit shall be responsible for performance of the given duties. The competent supervision authority shall be notified of appointment of the compliance officer.
(6) The obligations provided for in this section do not apply to non-profit associations or foundations.
(1) The rules of procedure established by an obligated person shall correspond to the type, scope and complexity of the economic or professional activities of the obligated person and regulate the taking of due diligence measures at least in the events specified in subsection 13(1).
(2) An obligated person shall regularly check whether the established rules of procedure are up-to-date and establish new rules of procedure where necessary.
5) set out the requirements and procedure for application of subsection 27 (6) of this Act.
5) a person with whom a transaction is carried out using telecommunications.
(5) The rules of procedure shall be introduced to all employees of an obligated person whose duties include establishment of business relationships or carrying out transactions.
(6) The detailed requirements for the rules of procedure established by credit institutions and financial institutions, internal audit rules for checking performance thereof, and application thereof shall be established by a regulation of the Minister of Finance.
(7) The obligations provided for in this section do not apply to non-profit associations or foundations.
(1) The organisational structure of credit institutions and financial institutions shall be suitable for performance of the requirements arising from this Act and ensure direct subordination of the compliance officer to the management board of the credit institution or financial institution.
(2) The management board of a credit institution or financial institution and the head of the branch of a foreign credit institution or financial institution registered in the Estonian commercial register shall ensure that the compliance officer has the competence, means and access to relevant information required for performance of the functions provided for in this Act in all structural units of the credit institution or financial institution.
4) performance of other obligations, which are related to the fulfilment of the requirements of the Act by the credit institution or financial institution.
2) demand that the structural units of the obligated person eliminate within a reasonable term the deficiencies detected in the implementation of the requirements for prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
(5) The obligations provided for in this section do not apply to non-profit associations or foundations.
(1) If , upon performance of economic or professional activities or professional operations or provision of professional services, an obligated person identifies an activity or circumstances which might be an indication of money laundering or terrorist financing or an attempt thereof or in the event of which the obligated person has reason to suspect or knows that it is money laundering or terrorist financing, the obligated person shall immediately, but not later than within two working days from identifying the act or circumstances or from the rise of the suspicion, notify the Financial Intelligence Unit thereof.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section shall also apply in the event of the circumstances specified in clauses 27 (6) 1)-3).
(3) An obligated person, except a credit institution, shall immediately, but not later than within two working days of executing the transaction, notify the Financial Intelligence Unit of any transaction where the financial obligation exceeding 32 000 euros or an equal amount in another currency is performed in cash, regardless of whether the transaction is carried out in a single payment or in several linked payments. A credit institution shall immediately, but not later than within two working days of executing the transaction, notify the Financial Intelligence Unit of any currency exchange transaction exceeding 32 000 euros in cash, unless the credit institution has a business relationship with the person participating in the transaction.
(4) Notaries and attorneys are not subject to the notification obligation arising from subsections (1) and (3) when evaluating a customer’s legal position, defending or representing the customer in court, challenge or other such proceedings, including providing the customer with consultations regarding the initiation or avoidance of proceedings, regardless of whether the information has been received before, during or after proceedings.
(5) An obligated person has the right to postpone the transaction or professional operation in the event specified in subsection (1). If the postponement of a transaction may cause considerable harm, the transaction has to be carried out or if it may impede catching the person who possibly committed money laundering or terrorist financing, the transaction or professional operation shall be carried out and the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be notified thereafter.
(1) The information shall be transmitted to the Financial Intelligence Unit of the contracting state of the European Economic Area in whose territory the obligated person is situated.
(2) A notification shall be communicated orally, in writing or in a format which can be reproduced in writing. If a notification was communicated orally, it shall be repeated the next working day in writing or in a format which can be reproduced in writing.
(3) The data used for identifying and verifying a person or, where necessary, copies of relevant documents may be appended to a notification.
(4) The format for notification to be transmitted to the Financial Intelligence Unit and instructions for the preparation thereof shall be established by a regulation of the Minister of the Interior.
(1) An obligated person, and a structural unit, a member of a directing body and an employee of an obligated person who is a legal person is prohibited to notify a person, the beneficial owner or representative of the person about a notification given to the Financial Intelligence Unit about the person and about precepts made by the Financial Intelligence Unit or initiation of criminal proceedings under § 40 or 41. After a precept made by the Financial Intelligence Unit has been complied with, an obligated person may notify a person that the Financial Intelligence Unit has restricted the use of the person’s account or that other restrictions have been imposed.
(2) The provisions of subsection (1) are also applied in the event of provision of information to third parties, unless otherwise provided in this Act.
3) the information specified in subsection (1) concerns the same person and the same transaction which is related to several obligated persons and the information is given by a credit institution, financial institution, notary, attorney or auditor to a person operating in the same branch of the economy or profession and located in a contracting state of the European Economic Area or third country where requirements equal to those provided in this Act are in force, state supervision is exercised over fulfilment thereof and requirements equal to those in force in Estonia are applied for the purpose of keeping professional secrets and protecting personal data.
(4) Information exchanged pursuant to subsection (3) may be used solely for the purpose of prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
(5) The prohibition provided in subsection (1) is not applied if a notary, attorney or auditor tries to convince a customer to refrain from illegal acts.
(1) An obliged person, its employee, representative or a person who acted in its name shall not, upon performance of the obligations arising from this Act, be liable for damage arising from failure to carry out a transaction or failure to carry out a transaction by the due date if the damage was caused to the person participating in the transaction made in economic or professional activities in connection with notification of the Financial Intelligence Unit of the suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing in good faith, or for damage caused to a customer or a person participating in a transaction carried out in economic or professional activities in connection with cancellation of a contract concluded for an indefinite period on the basis provided in subsection 27 (3).
(2) The performance in good faith of the notification obligation arising from § 32 and communication of relevant data by an obligated person is not deemed infringement of the confidentiality requirement provided by law or contract and no liability provided by legislation or contract is imputed with regard to the person who performed the notification obligation for disclosure of the information. An agreement derogating from this provision is void.
(3) Upon issuing to the Financial Intelligence Unit data and documents related to the professional activities of a notary on the basis of a precept issued by the Financial Intelligence Unit on the basis of subsection 41 (1) of this Act, the notary shall be relieved from the confidentiality requirement prescribed in § 3 of the Notaries Act.
(1) The Financial Intelligence Unit is an independent structural unit of the Police and Border Guard Board.
(2) The Director General of the Police and Border Guard Board shall appoint the head of the Financial Intelligence Unit on a proposal of the Deputy Director General in the field of Criminal Police.
(3) The Police and Border Guard Board shall provide the Financial Intelligence Unit with sufficient funds for performance of the functions provided by law.
11) to process applications for authorisations, to suspend or prohibit economic activities or to suspend or revoke an authorisation pursuant to the procedure set out in the General Part of the Economic Activities Code Act, taking account of the specifics of this Act.
(2) The Financial Intelligence Units analyses and verifies information about suspicions of money laundering or terrorist financing, taking measures for preservation of property where necessary and immediately transmitting materials to the competent authorities upon detection of elements of a criminal offence.
(1) The Financial Intelligence Unit issues precepts and other administrative decisions in order to perform the functions arising from law.
(2) A precept issued on the basis of subsections 40 (1) and (3) and 41 (1) and (4) of this Act shall not set out the factual basis for issue thereof. The facts on the basis of which a precept is issued shall be set out in a separate document. The person whose transaction was suspended or the use of whose account or other property was restricted by a precept has the right to examine the document presenting the facts. The Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to deny a request to examine a document if this would impede the prevention of money laundering or terrorist financing or hinder the truth from being ascertained in criminal proceedings.
(3) An administrative decision of the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be signed by the head or deputy head of the Financial Intelligence Unit or by an official authorised by the head of the Financial Intelligence Unit. Upon signature by an authorised official, the number and date of the document granting the right of signature and the place where the document can be reviewed shall be indicated next to the signature.
(4) In the event of failure to comply with an administrative decision, the Financial Intelligence Unit may impose a coercive measure pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Substitutive Enforcement and Penalty Payment Act. The upper limit for a penalty payment for failure to comply with an administrative decision is 1300 euros for the first occasion and 6000 euros for each subsequent occasion.
(5) An appeal against an administrative decision issued or an administrative act performed by the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be filed with an administrative court.
(1) The Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to issue advisory guidelines to explain legislation regulating the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing.
(2) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall issue advisory guidelines regarding the characteristics of suspicious transactions.
(3) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall issue advisory guidelines regarding the characteristics of terrorist financing. The guidelines shall be coordinated with the Security Police Board beforehand.
(4) The guidelines of the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be published on the website of the Financial Intelligence Unit.
(1) In the event of suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, the Financial Intelligence Unit may issue a precept to suspend a transaction and to impose restrictions on the disposal of an account or other property constituting the object of the transaction, professional operation or professional service or other assets or property suspected of being associated with money laundering or terrorist financing for up to 30 days as of the delivery of the precept. In the event of property registered in the land register, ship register, Estonian Central Register of Securities, traffic register, construction register or another state register, the Financial Intelligence Unit may, in the event of justified suspicion, restrict the disposal of the property for the purpose of ensuring its preservation for up to 30 days.
(2) Before expiry of the term specified in subsection (1) a transaction may be carried out or the restriction of disposal of an account or other property may be derogated from only upon the written consent of the Financial Intelligence Unit. During the time that restrictions on using an account are in force, the credit institution or financial institution shall not execute any orders issued by the account holder for debiting the account.
2) there is suspicion that the property is used for terrorist financing.
(31) Property subject to restrictions on use imposed by the Financial Intelligence Unit pursuant to the procedure provided for in this section shall not be seized or transferred in enforcement proceedings or bankruptcy proceedings.
(4) If in the event of suspicion of money laundering the legality of the source of the property is verified before the term specified in subsection (3) of this section expires, the Financial Intelligence Unit is required to revoke the restrictions on the disposal of the property immediately.
(5) After submission of the materials specified in subsection 37 (2) of this Act, the competent authority shall immediately inform the Financial Intelligence Unit of the seizure of, refusal to seize or release from seizure of assets or property pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure. If assets are or property is seized pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be required to immediately terminate any restrictions of disposal of the assets or property after a court ruling regarding the seizure of the assets or property has entered into force.
(6) If the owner of assets or property has not been identified, the Financial Intelligence Unit may request that the administrative court grant permission to restrict the disposal of the assets or property until the owner of the assets or property has been identified, including also in the event of termination of the criminal procedure, but not for more than one year. The possessor of the assets or property against whom the restriction of disposal of the assets or property is being decided has the right to give an explanation to the administrative court within the prescribed term.
(7) If the owner of assets or property has not been identified within one year after the establishment of restrictions on the disposal of the assets or property, the Financial Intelligence Unit or the Prosecutor’s Office may apply to the administrative court for permission to transfer the assets or property to state ownership. The administrative court shall decide the granting of the permission in a court hearing. The assets or property shall be sold pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Code of Enforcement Procedure and the amount received from the sale shall be transferred to state revenue. The owner of the property has the right to claim an amount corresponding to the value of the assets or property within three years as of the date of transfer of the assets or property to state revenue.
(1) To perform the functions arising from law the Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to receive information from the Financial Supervision Authority and other state and local authorities and, on the basis of precepts, from obligated persons regarding the circumstances, transactions or persons related to suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing.
(2) The addressee of a precept is required to comply with the precept and to submit the requested information, including any information subject to banking or business secrecy, during the term prescribed in the precept. The information shall be submitted in writing or in a format which can be reproduced in writing.
(3) In order to prevent money laundering, the Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to obtain relevant information, including information collected by surveillance, from any surveillance agency pursuant to the procedure provided by legislation. If the Financial Intelligence Unit wishes to transmit information collected by surveillance which was submitted by a surveillance agency to other agencies, the Financial Intelligence Unit shall obtain written consent from the surveillance agency which submitted the information.
(4) On the basis of a precept the Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to receive information from third parties for identification of circumstances which are of relevance in the prevention of money laundering or terrorist financing, including to receive accounting documents on any data medium from a third party whose connection to the investigated transactions became evident in the course of the inspection or analysis.
(5) This section does not apply to attorneys, except in events where the notification submitted by an attorney to the Financial Intelligence Unit does not meet the established requirements, the required documents are not attached to the notice or the attached documents do meet the requirements.
In order to perform the functions arising from law, the Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to make enquiries to and to receive data from state and local government databases and databases maintained by persons in public law, pursuant to the procedure provided by legislation.
(1) Only officials of the Financial Intelligence Unit shall have access to the information in the Financial Intelligence Unit database and the right to process such information.
(2) In order to prevent or identify money laundering or terrorist financing or criminal offences related thereto and in order to facilitate pre-trial investigation thereof, the Financial Intelligence Unit is required to transmit significant information, including information subject to tax and banking secrecy to the prosecutor, the investigative body and the courts in connection with court proceedings.
(3) Information registered in the Financial Intelligence Unit shall only be transmitted to the authority engaged in a pre-trial procedure, a prosecutor or a court in connection with criminal proceedings on the basis of a written request of the preliminary investigation authority, the Prosecutor’s Office or the court or on the initiative of the Financial Intelligence Unit if the information is significant for the prevention, identification or investigation of money laundering, terrorist financing or a criminal offence related thereto. The Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to establish restrictions on the use of the data transmitted on its initiative, which the user of the data must adhere to.
(4) The Financial Intelligence Unit may notify the Financial Supervision Authority of infringement of the requirements established by this Act by credit institutions and financial institutions.
(5) The Financial Intelligence Unit shall not disclose the personal data of a person or a member or employee of the directing body of an obligated person performing the notification obligation.
(6) The procedure for the registration and processing of information collected by the Financial Intelligence Unit shall be established by a regulation of the Minister of the Interior.
(1) Only a person with impeccable reputation, the required experience, abilities and education, and high moral qualities may be appointed as an official of the Financial Intelligence Unit.
(2) Officials of the Financial Intelligence Unit are required to maintain the confidentiality of information made known to them in the course of their official duties, including information subject to banking secrecy, even after the performance of their official duties or the termination of a service relationship connected with the processing or use of the information.
(1) The Financial Intelligence Unit and the Security Police Board cooperate in investigation of transactions suspected of terrorist financing through mutual official assistance and exchange of information.
(2) The Director General of the Security Police Board shall appoint a contact person who has the right to receive information of any and all notifications of suspicion of terrorist financing equally to the official of the Financial Intelligence Unit and to make proposals for requesting additional information where necessary.
(3) The contact person of the Security Police Board shall be subject to the provisions of clauses 37 (1) 1), 6) and 7), § 41, subsections 43 (1) to (5) and subsection 44 (2).
(4) The contact person of the Security Police Board has the right to exercise supervision specified in § 48 jointly with the Financial Intelligence Unit.
The Financial Intelligence Unit has the right to exchange information and conclude cooperation agreements with foreign agencies which perform the functions of a financial intelligence unit.
(1) The Financial Intelligence Unit exercises state supervision over fulfilment of the requirements arising from this Act and legislation adopted on the basis thereof, unless otherwise provided in this section.
(2) The Financial Supervision Authority exercises supervision over fulfilment by credit institutions and financial institutions which are subject to supervision by the Financial Supervision Authority under the Financial Supervision Authority Act of the requirements arising from this Act and legislation adopted on the basis thereof. The Financial Supervision Authority shall exercise supervision pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Financial Supervision Authority Act.
(3) The board of the Estonian Bar Association (hereinafter the Bar Association) exercises supervision over fulfilment of the requirements arising from this Act and legislation adopted on the basis thereof by the members of the Bar Association on the basis of the Bar Association Act, taking into account the provisions of this Chapter.
(4) The Ministry of Justice exercises supervision over fulfilment of the requirements arising from this Act and legislation adopted on the basis thereof by notaries on the basis of the Notaries Act, taking into account the provisions of this Chapter. The Ministry of Justice may delegate supervision to the Chamber of Notaries.
(5) The Financial Supervision Authority, the board of the Bar Association, the Ministry of Justice and the Chamber of Notaries cooperate with the Financial Intelligence Unit pursuant to the goals of this Act.
(6) Supervisory authorities have the right to exchange information and cooperate with the supervisory authorities of other states, taking account of the functions provided for in this Act.
(1) A law enforcement authority may, for the purpose of exercising the state supervision provided for in this Act, take special measures of state supervision provided for in §§ 30, 31, 32, 35, 50 and 51 of the Law Enforcement Act on the grounds and pursuant to the procedure provided for in the Law Enforcement Act.
(2) On the conditions provided for in § 50 of the Law Enforcement Act, a law enforcement authority may enter the seat and the place of business of an obligated person as well as a building and a room that the obligated person possesses only in the presence of the inspected person or its representative.
(1) The administrative supervision authority has the right to inspect the seat or the place of business of obligated persons. The administrative supervision authority has the right to enter a building and a room that the obligated person possesses in the presence of a representative of the inspected person.
2) receive oral and written explanations from the obligated person being inspected, members of its directing body or employees.
(3) The administrative supervision authority has the right to demand that an obligated person submit information required for inspection also without carrying out an on-site inspection.
(1) If upon exercising supervision the Financial Supervision Authority, the board of the Bar Association, the Ministry of Justice or the Chamber of Notaries detects a situation the elements of which give rise to justified suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, they shall immediately notify the Financial Intelligence Unit thereof pursuant to the procedure provided in subsection 33 (4).
2) violations detected upon exercising supervision, the number of punished persons and the legal bases of the punishments, for each obligated person.
(1) The supervision authority shall prepare a report on the inspection results, which shall be communicated to the inspected person within one week after the inspection.
8) the process and results of the inspection with the required level of detail.
(3) The author of the inspection report shall sign it. The inspection report shall remain with the supervisory official and a copy thereof shall remain with to the inspected person or its representative.
(4) The inspected person has the right to submit written explanations within seven days after the receipt of the inspection report.
(1) The Data Protection Inspectorate exercises supervision over the legality of the processing of information registered in the Financial Intelligence Unit.
(2) The Police and Border Guard Board exercises supervision over the legality of the activities of the Financial Intelligence Unit.
(3) The Director General of the Police and Border Guard Board and an official authorised by the Director General has the right to access information registered in the Financial Intelligence Unit to the extent required for exercising supervision.
(4) The restriction provided for in subsection 43 (5) and the obligation provided for subsection 44 (2) of this Act apply to an official exercising supervision.
6) buying-in or wholesale of precious metals, precious metal articles or precious stones, except precious metals and precious metal articles used for production, scientific or medical purposes.
(2) The authorisation obligation does not apply to financial institutions subject to supervision by the Financial Supervision Authority pursuant to § 2 of the Financial Supervision Authority Act.
9) if the undertaking, its management board member, procurator, beneficial owner or owner is a foreign national or if the undertaking is a foreign service provider, a certificate of the register of convictions or an equal document issued by a competent judicial or administrative body of its country of origin, which certifies the absence of a penalty for a criminal offence against the authority of the state, criminal offence relating to money laundering or another wilfully committed criminal offence and has been issued no more than three months ago and has been notarised or authenticated and legalised pursuant to an equal procedure or authenticated with a certificate replacing legalisation (apostil), unless otherwise provided by an international agreement.
(4) If an undertaking would like to use the authorisation in the activities of its subsidiary, the undertaking shall, in addition to the information required in the General Part of the Economic Activities Code Act, submit all the information regarding the subsidiary, which is specified in subsection 52 (3) of this Act.
An application for authorisation shall be processed by the Financial Intelligence Unit, an independent structural unit of the Police and Border Guard Board, by granting or refusing to grant the authorisation within 30 working days as of the date of submission of the application.
3) the undertaking’s subsidiary for whose activities the authorisation to be applied in the name of the undertaking is to be used complies with the requirements specified in clauses 1) and 2) of § 522 of this Act.
If an undertaking submits a notice of intention to change the economic activities regarding a change of the undertaking, a member of its management body, procurator, beneficial owner or owner, the document specified in clause 52 (3) 9) of this Act must be enclosed with the notice if the undertaking is a foreign service provider or the member of its management body, procurator, beneficial owner or owner is a foreign national.
In a notice of the intention to change the economic activities and in a notice of the change of economic activities the undertaking shall describe which circumstances that form a part of the object of inspection of the authorisation or relate to the secondary conditions of the authorisation have changed or are to be changed or the undertaking shall submit, regarding its undertaking that will commence economic activities within the object of regulation of the authorisation, all the information specified in subsection 3) of § 52 of this Act regarding the subsidiary and the information specified in clauses 15 (1) 1)-3) and 5) and 6) of the General Part of the Economic Activities Code Act.
(1) Failure on the part of an obligated person or an employee thereof to comply with the identification obligation provided for in this Act is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 32 000 euros.
(1) Violation of the requirements for collecting information about the purpose and nature of business relations or transactions on the part of an obligated person or on the part of an employee thereof is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
(2) The act specified in subsection (1) of this section, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 32 000 euros.
(1) Violation of requirements for taking enhanced due diligence measures or failure to take enhanced due diligence measures, including violation of requirements for carrying out transactions with politically exposed persons of a third country, on the part of an obligated person or an employee thereof is punishable by a fine of up to 200 fine units.
(2) The act specified in subsection (1) of this section, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a fine of up to 20 000 euros.
(1) Making a decision to open an anonymous account or savings book or signing a corresponding contract on the part of an employee of a credit or financial institution is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
(1) Violation of the requirement to register information and keep records as provided for in this Act is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
Failure on the part of an employee of an obligated person to submit mandatory information provided for in this Act to the compliance officer or the manager, or wilful failure to submit such mandatory information on time, is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
(1) Violation of requirement to constantly monitor business relationships as provided for in this Act on the part of an obligated person or an employee thereof is punishable by a fine of up to 200 fine units.
(1) Violation of the obligation to notify the Financial Intelligence Unit of suspicion of money laundering or terrorist financing, currency exchange transaction or another transactions whereby the financial obligation exceeding 32 000 euros or an equal amount in another currency is performed in cash or submission of incorrect information by the manager, compliance officer or another employee of an obligated person is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units or detention.
(1) Unlawful notification of a person or the beneficial owner of a person by the manager, compliance officer or another employee of an obligated person or by an employee of a supervision authority about a notification or data submitted to the Financial Intelligence Unit regarding the person or the precepts made by the Financial Intelligence Unit or criminal proceedings instituted regarding the person is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units or detention.
(1) Failure by the manager of an obligated person to establish rules of procedure for taking due diligence measures, assessment and management of the risk of money laundering and terrorist financing, collection of information, record keeping and performance of the notification obligation and failure by the manager of a credit institution or a financial institution to appoint a compliance officer is punishable by a fine of up to 300 fine units.
(1) Violation of requirements for establishing correspondent relations with a credit or financial institution of a third country as provided for in this Act, on the part of an employee of a credit or financial institution is punishable by a fine of up to 200 fine units.
Failure to notify of the intention to change the circumstances relating to the object of inspection or the secondary conditions of the authorisation granted to a financial institution not subject to supervision by the Financial Supervision Authority or to a provider of trust and company services or to a provider of currency exchange services or to a provider of services of alternative means of payment or to a pawnbroker or to a person engaged in buying-in or wholesale of precious metals, precious metal articles or precious stones (except precious metals and precious metal articles used for production, scientific or medical purposes) or violation of the obligation to notify of the termination of the activities of a service provider is punishable by a fine of up to 32 000 euros.
(1) The misdemeanours specified in §§ 57-641 are subject to the provisions of the general part of the Penal Code and the Code of Misdemeanour Procedure.
(2) Extrajudicial proceedings concerning the misdemeanours specified in §§ 57-641 shall be conducted by the Police and Border Guard Board and the Financial Supervision Authority.
Chapter 6 of this Act shall enter into force with regard to pawnbrokers, trust and company service providers and financial institutions not subject to supervision exercised by the Financial Supervision Authority on 15 June 2008.
A person engaged in the buying-in or wholesale of precious metals, precious metal articles or precious stones, except precious metals and precious metal articles used for production, scientific or medical purposes before entry into force of clause 52 (1) 7) of this Act shall bring their activities into compliance with clause 52 (1) 7) of this Act by 1 September 2012.
The head of the Financial Intelligence Unit who is in office at the time of entry into force of the wording of 18 April 2012 of this Act is considered as appointed to office for five years as of the entry into force of the wording.
1Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing (OJ L 309, 25.11.2005, pp. 15-36); Commission Directive 2006/70/EC of 1 August 2006 laying down implementing measures for Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definition of "politically exposed person" and the technical criteria for simplified customer due diligence procedures and for exemption on grounds of a financial activity conducted on an occasional or very limited basis (OJ L 214, 04.08.2006, pp. 29-34).

References: § 2373
 § 18
 § 19
 § 30
 § 32
 § 40
 § 32
 § 3
 § 41
 § 48
 § 50
 § 2
 § 522
 § 52