Source: https://www.radioeng.cz/papers/2008-3.htm
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This paper presents the application of simple, and therefore cheap, planar resonators for building 3D isotropic metamaterials. These resonators are: a broadside-coupled split ring resonator with a magnetic response providing negative permeability; an electric dipole terminated by a loop inductor together with a double H-shaped resonator with an electric response providing negative permittivity. Two kinds of 3D isotropic single negative metamaterials are reported. The first material consists of unit cells in the form of a cube bearing on its faces six equal planar resonators with tetrahedral symmetry. In the second material, the planar resonators boxed into spherical plastic shells and randomly distributed in a hosting material compose a real 3D volumetric metamaterial with an isotropic response. In both cases the metamaterial shows negative permittivity or permeability, according to the type of resonators that are used. The experiments prove the isotropic behavior of the cells and of the metamaterial specimens.
ENGHETA, N., ZIOLKOWSKI, R. W. Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. Willey-IEEE Press, 2006.
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VERNEY, E., SAUVIAC, B., SIMOVSKI, C. R. Isotropic metamaterial electromagnetic lens. Physics Letters A, 2004, vol. 331, p. 244-247.
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VENDIK, B., VENDIK, O. G., ODIT, M. A. Isotropic artificial media with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability. Special Issue of Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2006, vol. 48, no. 12, p. 2553-2556.
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GRBIC, A., ELEFTHERIADES, G. V. An isotropic threedimensional negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterial. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 98, p. 043106.
SMITH, D. R., VIER, D. C., KOSCHNY, T., SOUKOULIS, C. S. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. Phys. Rev. B, 2005, vol. 71, 036617.
MARQUES, R., MEDINA, F., RAFII-EL-IDRISSI, R. Role of bianisotropy in negative permeability and left-handed metamaterials. Physical Review B, 2002, vol. 65, 144440.
Keywords: Electric dipole, isotropic metamaterial, single negative metamaterial, split ring resonator.
This paper deals with mathematical simulations of EMI filters’ performance. These filters are commonly used for the suppressing of electromagnetic interference which penetrates through the power supply networks. The performance of these filters depends on terminating impedances which are plugged to the inputs and outputs clamps of the EMI filters. This paper describes the method by which it is possible to calculate the insertion loss of the filters. The method is based on the modified nodal voltage method. The circuitry of the EMI filters is used for their description. The effect of spurious components is not taken into account. The filter itself is described by set of admittance parameters, which makes the presented method more universal. The calculated results were compared with measured data of several filters for several impedance combinations. Different test setups, like asymmetrical, symmetrical, etc. were taken into account. The simplicity and accuracy of the presented method is discussed in the conclusion. The achieved accuracy is on high level. The described method is universal, but for filters with more than one current compensated inductor, the mentioned method is complicated. The size of the final equation for calculating the insertion loss rapidly increases with the number of current compensated inductors.
Schaffner Holding AG, Switzerland. [online], 25-5-2008, Available at: http://www.schaffner.com/.
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CSN CISPR 17: Methods of Measurement of the Suppression Characteristics of Passive Radio Interference Filters and Suppression Components. Czech Technical Standard. Czech Normalization Institute. Prague, November 2000. 27 pages. (in Czech).
Schaffner Holding AG, Switzerland. CISPR 17 Measurements (application note). 12 pages. [online] 20-5-2008, Available at: http://www.schaffner.com.cn/sc/UploadFile/200691958328797.pdf.
MIL-STD-220B: Test Method Standard - Method of Insertion Loss Measurement. Military Standard, Department of Defence, USA. June 2004. 28 pages. [online] 24-5-2008, Available at: http://www.dscc.dla.mil/Downloads/MilSpec/Docs/MILSTD- 220/std220.pdf.
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DRINOVSKY, J. SVACINA, J. Estimation of EMI filter performance for the "worst-case" system. Radioengineering (Part I: Special Issue: Electromagnetic Compatibility), 2006, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 16-21, ISSN 1210-2512.
Schurter AG, Switzerland. 5110 EMI filter (data sheet). 4 pages. [online] 23-6-2008, Available at: http://www.schurter.cz/pdf/english/typ 5110.pdf.
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Schaffner Holding AG, Switzerland. 1-phase filters FN 2070 (data sheet). 4 pages. [online] 26-6-2008, [available at] http://www.schaffner.com/components/en/ pdf/Datasheet%20FN 2070%20e%2055.pdf.
Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility EMC, EMI mains filter, insertion loss, impedance termination, filter model, modified nodal voltage method, current compensated inductors.
This paper deals with the approximate worst-case test method for testing the insertion loss of the EMI filters. The systems with 0.1 Ω and 100 Ω impedances are usually used for this testing. These systems are required by the international CISPR 17 standard. The main disadvantage of this system is the use of two impedance transformers. Especially the impedance transformer with 0.1 Ω output impedance is not easy to be produced. These transformers have usually narrow bandwidth. This paper discusses the alternative system with 1 Ω and 100 Ω impedances. The performance of these systems was tested on several filters’ models and the obtained data are depicted, too. The performance comparison of several filters in several systems is also included. The performance of alternate worst-case system is discussed in the conclusion.
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MIL-STD-220B: Test Method Standard - Method of Insertion Loss Measurement. Military Standard, Department of Defense, USA. June 2004. 28 pages. [online] 24-5-2008, Available at: http://www.dscc.dla.mil/Downloads/MilSpec/Docs/MILSTD- 220/std220.pdf.
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In this detailed paper, several novel oscillator\'s configurations which consist only of five positive second generation current conveyors (CCII+) are presented and experimentally verified. Each network is able to generate the conservative chaotic attractors with the certain degree of the structural stability. It represents a class of the autonomous deterministic dynamical systems with two-segment piecewise linear (PWL) vector fields suitable also for the theoretical analysis. Route to chaos can be traced and observed by a simple change of the external dc voltage. Advantages and other possible improvements are briefly discussed in the text.
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Keywords: Analog oscillator, attractor, conservative dynamics, chaos, state space.
New antenna matrices for both scalar and vector measurement of microwave interferograms for the frequency 2.45 GHz were developed and used for an analysis of sources of measurement errors. Influence of mutual coupling between individual antennas in an antenna matrix on a measurement of microwave interferograms, particularly on a measurement of interferogram minimum values, was studied. Simulations and measurements of interferograms, proposal of a new calibration procedure and correction method are presented. Influence of differences in radiation patterns of individual antennas of an antenna matrix on a measurement of microwave interferograms was studied as well.
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This paper deals with the coexistence simulation of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi physical layers. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi systems share the same ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band and therefore using both systems in the same area may cause interference. A model of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b/g physical layers was made in Mathworks Matlab Simulink environment. A new simulation of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi coexistence is presented. The results in graphical form are introduced as a dependence of BER on Eb/N0 and BER on power ratio of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi systems.
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This paper is concerned with inter-system and intra-system interference measurements of 2.5G and 3G mobile communication systems. The both systems UMTS and GSM/EDGE are assumed to operate in a common radio band of 900 MHz. The main system parameters are briefly introduced as well as the measurement scenario. Several simulations and key measurements were performed. Important results are described and commented along with a graphical representation, namely bit error ratio (BER) dependence on carrier to noise ratio (CNR) in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), the measurement of adjacent channel interference ratio of each system, the coexistence of both systems in same band and the impact of a carrier offset on BER.
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The fast power adaptation is essential for WCDMA based mobile radio networks, as 3G UMTS. Although the first version of UMTS has been released in 1999 (Release 99) evolution was not finished yet. Quality of Service (QoS) and user data rate (e.g. HSDPA and HSUPA) are continuously increasing from release to release. Even though link adaptation frequency (1500 times per second) seems to be enough to span accidental fadings of mobile radio channel, used link adaptation algorithm is based on non-actual information about mobile radio channel state, which causes transmitter reaction delay to the actual channel state. Usage of appropriate prediction method to estimate near future channel state seems to be a valuable step to improve hybrid link adaptation algorithm. In this article we have described and simulated the new SIR-slot based advanced link adaptation algorithms. Algorithms were designed to increase efficiency of data transmission among a user equipment and base stations (uplink) for different simulation environments (pedestrian channel with mobile subscriber speed 5 km/h, 15 km/h and vehicular channel with speed 45 km/h).
EKMAN, T. Prediction of Mobile Radio Channels – Modeling and Design. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Signal Processing at Uppsala University, Sweden, 2002, ISBN 91-506- 1625-0.
EKMAN, T. Prediction of Mobile Radio Channels. PhD thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden, 2001.
PSENAK, V., WIESER, V. High speed downlink packed access in UMTS network. Advances in Electrical Engineering. University of Zilina. 2005, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 8-13, ISSN 1336-1376.
WIESER, V., PSENAK, V. WCDMA Mobile radio network simulator with hybrid link adaptation. Advances in Electrical Engineering. University of Zilina. 2005, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 200-205. ISSN 1336-1376.
WIESER, V., PSENAK, V. BER and SIR based hybrid link algorithms performance in mobile radio channel. Radioenginnering 2005, vol. 14, no.4, p. 81-86. ISSN 1210-2512.
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WIESER,V., PSENAK,V. Data rate increasing for high speed multimedia services in enhanced WCDMA mobile radio network. In IWSSIP 2006, 13th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing. Budapest (Hungary), 2006, pp.75-78, ISBN 80-89082-09-2.
3GPP TS 25.213 V6.2.0 (2005-03). Spreading and Modulation (FDD).
ETSI TR 101 112 V3.2.0. (1998-04). Selection Procedures for the Choice of Radio Transmission Technologies of the UTMS.
3GPP TS 25.212 V6.4.0 (2005-03). Multiplexing and Channel Coding (FDD).
WIESER,V., PSENAK,V. Performance of hybrid link adaptation algorithm with prediction of mobile radio channel state. In TPS 2007, 30th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing. Brno (Czech Republic), 2007, pp.32-35, ISBN 978-80- 214-3445-5.
Generally OFDM systems use a predefined signal pattern, called preamble  , which helps the receiver to achieve a better signal detection (coarse, fine time synchronization) with the frequency offset and channel estimation. In most of the time having all these conditions fulfilled the receiver achieves relatively a good performance while keeping as low as possible the total consuming power and the BER (Bite Error Rate).
This paper presents the results obtained while combining a part of the preamble   and the Minn\'s training sequence. We have got interesting performance results comparable to those results obtained for the relatively new standard 802.16a.
SCHMIDL, T. M., COX, D. C. Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1997, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1613 – 1621. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/26.650240.
The method of speech coding CELP is extensively used in much voice communication-, multimedia-, video conference and other systems. There are a lot of papers related to CELP coding characteristics improvement for a better speech quality after decoding. Most of the papers are dedicated to lower the rate of CELP coded speech transmission. One problem related to low rate CELP speech transmission with a good speech decoding quality is noising in the channel for transmission. The goal of this paper is to combine the advantages and the possibilities of CELP speech coding to reduce the rate of transmission and the methods of channel coding to protect the most important CELP coding parameters in each speech frame such as line prediction coefficients, excitation indexes etc.
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The paper deals with the transmission of the digital television signal according to the DVB-T standard in SFN network over fading channels for the fixed reception. The laboratory transmission system for the real broadcasting based on R&S RF test and measuring equipments is presented including the transmission parameters setup. The results of broadcasting over Gausian, Ricean and Rayleigh channels and results of the echo impairments are presented and discussed with the theory and simulation results. The BER before and after Viterbi decoding and according to MER equal to S/N ratio in the channel from the constellation diagram were compared in all transmission experiments. Additional picture quality evaluation is presented using DVQL-W metric that monitors blockiness structures in MPEG-2 compressed pictures and gives notice of known \"cliff-off\" effect.
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The paper presents a video quality metric designed for the H.264/AVC codec. The metric operates directly on the encoded H.264/AVC bit stream, parses the encoding parameters and processes them using an artificial neural network. The network is designed to estimate peak signal-to-noise ratios of the video sequence frames, thus enabling computation of full reference objective quality metric values without having the undistorted video material prior to encoding for comparison. We present the metric framework and test its performance for LDTV (low definition television) as well as HDTV (high definition television) video material.
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This paper describes a method for glaucomatous eye detection based on fractal description, followed by classification. Two methods for fractal dimensions estimation, which give a different image/tissue description, are presented. The fundus color images are used, in which the areas with retinal nerve fibers are analyzed. The presented method shows that fractal dimensions can be used as features for retinal nerve fibers losses detection, which is a sign of glaucomatous eye.
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In this paper, a method for localization and extraction of faces and characteristic facial features such as eyes, mouth and face boundaries from color image data is proposed. This approach exploits color properties of human skin to localize image regions – face candidates. The facial features extraction is performed only on preselected face-candidate regions. Likewise, for eyes and mouth localization color information and local contrast around eyes are used. The ellipse of face boundary is determined using gradient image and Hough transform. Algorithm was tested on image database Feret.
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The article concentrates on effects of a digitized audio signal DC component on a typical A/D converter and its influence on further signal processing. This article analyses reasons of the interfering DC component emergence in the A/D converter. Results of the measurement made on Analog Devices converter are presented. The DC component can adversely affect a series of signal processing algorithms such as algorithms for maintaining stable level of signal (e.g. leveler algorithm). The article examines the possibility of a DC component removal by digital filtering. Attention is focused on the choice of a suitable filter type and its parameters in order to avoid any destruction of a transmitted signal, e.g. due to poor group delay characteristic, or by suppressing low frequencies in the filter.
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