Source: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/20070429/index.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 01:11:39+00:00

Document:
1 The Confederation works with the Cantons to coordinate, maintain the quality and ensure the competitiveness of the entire higher education sector in Switzerland.
1 This Act applies to higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector of the Confederation and the Cantons.
universities of applied sciences (UAS) and universities of teacher education (UTEs).
3 With the exception of the provisions on basic contributions and contributions to cover expenditure for construction and use of buildings, this Act applies to all FITs and other federal higher education institutions.
4 The provisions of Chapter 5 and Chapter 9 of this Act shall apply for the accreditation of private universities, universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education and other private institutions within the higher education sector. Article 19 paragraph 2 applies to the participation of these higher education institutions in the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions.
avoiding competitive distortions between higher education institutions and professional education institutions with regard to the provision of services and continuing education and training courses.
1 The Confederation is responsible for leading coordination of the joint activities of the Confederation and the Cantons within the higher education sector.
2 It shall provide contributions under the terms of this Act.
3 It shall manage and fund FITs under the terms of the FIT Act of 4 October 19911 as well as other federal higher education institutions by virtue of their respective legal basis.
4 The Federal Assembly may issue decrees enabling the Confederation to fully or partially take over higher education institutions, with the consent of the sponsor, if the said institutions are particularly important for federal activities. Before taking such action, the Confederation shall hear the Higher Education Council.
2 Amended by Annex No 1 of the Innosuisse Act of 17 June 2016, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 4259; BBl 2015 9487).
1 The Confederation shall respect the autonomy granted by sponsors to higher education institutions as well as the principles of freedom and the unity of teaching and research.
2 When performing its tasks, it shall consider the specific characteristics of tier-one universities, universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education and other institutions within the higher education sector.
1 Basing themselves on this Act and on the Intercantonal Agreement on Cooperation in Higher Education, the Confederation and the Cantons shall enter into a Cooperation Agreement on fulfilment of their respective tasks.
2 This Cooperation Agreement shall create the joint bodies required under this Act.
3 It may transfer the powers established in this Act to the joint bodies.
responsibilities, structure and procedures of joint bodies.
5 If the Cooperation Agreement contradicts a provision contained in this Act, the Act shall take precedence.
6 This Cooperation Agreement shall be signed by the Federal Council on behalf of the Confederation.
1 The Federal Personnel Act and federal liability law apply to employees of joint bodies and the Swiss Accreditation Agency. The Higher Education Council may depart from the provisions of the Federal Personnel Act under the Cooperation Agreement when this is required for the purposes of fulfilling the mandate.
2 The joint bodies and the Swiss Accreditation Agency are subject to federal data protection and public procurement legislation.
1 The Confederation shall pay the costs of managing the affairs of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions under Article 14.
2 Remaining costs of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions shall be equally shared by the Confederation and the Cantons.
3 The Plenary Assembly shall decide on the basis of the Cooperation Agreement who will pay the costs of the other joint bodies and the Swiss Accreditation Agency.
1 The Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions is the highest policymaking body within the Swiss higher education sector. It is responsible for Swiss-wide coordination of the activities of the Confederation and the Cantons within the higher education sector.
2 It convenes either as the Plenary Assembly or as the Higher Education Council.
3 It has its own budget and its own accounting.
4 Its Organisational Regulations are issued by the Higher Education Council.
one member of each cantonal government.
other areas of responsibility arising from this Act.
fourteen members of the governments of cantons that subsidise cantonal universities, universities of applied sciences and universities of teacher education.
2 Each Canton has only one seat on the Higher Education Council. The Intercantonal Agreement on Cooperation in Higher Education determines how subsidising cantons are represented on the Higher Education Council.
other representatives of organisations as well as individuals who have been invited for the purpose of discussing specific items on the agenda.
1 The name of the organisational unit was changed in application of Art. 16 para. 3 of the Publications Ordinance of 17 Nov. 2004 (AS 2004 4937).
3 Amended by Annex No 1 of the Innosuisse Act of 17 June 2016, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 4259; BBl 2015 9487).
4 Amended by Art. 57 para. 3 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2012 on the Promotion of Research and Innovation (AS 2013 4425; BBl 2011 8827).
5 The name of the Council was modified in application of Art. 20 para. 2 of of the Publications Ordinance of 7 Oct. 202015 (AS 2015 3989) on 1 Jan. 2018.
1 The Presidium of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions comprises a President and two Vice-Presidents.
2 The President is the designated member of the Federal Council. This person serves as head of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions. The Federal Council decides who shall act as deputy.
3 The Vice-Presidents are representatives of cantons that subsidise higher education institutions. They take part in the management of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions.
4 The Federal Council shall assign one Federal Department to manage the affairs of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions.
5 When preparing important resolutions, the Presidium shall ask interested parties to submit their stances.
other standing and non-standing committees as needs require.
2 These committees may also comprise persons who are not members of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions.
3 The standing committee comprising representatives of professional organisations shall take a stance on the affairs of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions under Article 11 paragraph 2 and Article 12 paragraph 3.
4 The standing committees mentioned in Article 15 paragraph 1 letters a and b above may, at their own initiative or on behalf of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions, take a stance on individual developments affecting national higher education policy and may submit proposals.
5 The Presidium of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions shall maintain ties with the standing committees mentioned in Article 15 paragraph 1 letters a and b above. It shall periodically organise gatherings with these two committees.
1 Each member of the Plenary Assembly has one vote.
3 Instead of the rule established in paragraph 2, the Cooperation Agreement may provide for a simple majority of the members present in the case of elections, procedural decisions and official stances.
1 Each member of the Swiss Higher Education Council has one vote. In addition, representatives of the Cantons have a specific number of points determined on the basis of the number of students. The allocation of points is decided in the Intercantonal Agreement on Cooperation in Higher Education.
the simple majority of points.
3 Instead of the rule established in paragraph 2, the Cooperation Agreement may provide for a simple majority of the members present in the case of procedural decisions and official stances.
The Federal Council shall inform the parliamentary committees responsible for education and research of important developments in Swiss higher education policy as well as on the allocation of tasks in particularly costly areas.
1 The Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions comprises the rectors or presidents of Swiss higher education institutions.
2 It constitutes itself. It shall establish its own Organisational Regulations. This document also governs the participation of rectors or presidents of accredited private higher education institutions under this Act. These Organisational Regulations require approval by the Higher Education Council.
3 The Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions has its own budget and shall maintain its own accounting records.
The Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions has the tasks and responsibilities transferred to it under the Cooperation Agreement.
1 The Swiss Accreditation Council comprises 15-20 independent members; these members represent in particular higher education institutions, professional organisations, students, mid-level faculty as well as professors and lecturers. Teaching and research fields at higher education institutions as well as gender must be adequately represented. A minority of at least five members must be mainly involved in activities abroad.
2 On the basis of the Cooperation Agreement, the Higher Education Council elects Accreditation Council members for a four-year term of office. Each member may only be re-elected once.
3 On the basis of the Cooperation Agreement, the Accreditation Council decides on accreditation in accordance with this Act.
5 It organises itself. It issues its own Organisational Regulations; these Organisational Regulations require approval by the Higher Education Council.
6 The Swiss Accreditation Council manages its own budget and the budget of the Swiss Accreditation Agency; each maintain their own accounting records.
7 It may recognise other Swiss or foreign accreditation agencies.
8 At the request of the Director of the Swiss Accreditation Agency, it issues Organisational Regulations for the Swiss Accreditation Agency; these Organisational Regulations require approval by the Higher Education Council.
1 The Swiss Agency of Accreditation and Quality Assurance in Higher Education (Swiss Accreditation Agency) is a legally dependent entity.
2 It is under the authority of the Swiss Accreditation Council.
1 Admission to the first level of studies at tier-one universities is open to holders of a baccalaureate.
2 They may grant admission to the first level of studies on the basis of equivalent prior education and training. For quality control purposes, the Higher Education Council issues guidelines on equivalency under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement.
1 Admission to the first level of studies at universities of teacher education is open to holders of a baccalaureate.
2 Admission to the first level of studies for those wishing to teach at pre-school and primary school level is open to holders of a baccalaureate or a specialised baccalaureate in pedagogy or, under certain conditions, a Federal Vocational Baccalaureate; the Higher Education Council establishes the requirements.
3 They may grant admission to the first level of studies on the basis of equivalent prior education and training. For quality control purposes, the Higher Education Council issues guidelines on equivalency under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement.
a specialised baccalaureate in an occupation related to the desired field of study.
2 In the Cooperation Agreement, the Higher Education Council establishes specific admission requirements for individual fields of study. It may also decide that additional admission requirements are needed.
1 Through a blend of practical studies and applied research and development, universities of applied sciences prepare students to carry out activities associated with specific professions that require the use of research findings and methods as well as, depending on the field of study, creative and artistic talents.
2 On completion of the first level of studies, students normally obtain a qualification that enables them to work in a given profession.
At regular intervals, higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector review the quality of their teaching, research and services and pursue long-term quality control and development of quality.
study programmes of higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector (programme accreditation).
3 Programme accreditation is voluntary.
1 With institutional accreditation, higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector have the right to use the reserved designation «university», «university of applied sciences» or «university of teacher education» or derived designations such as «tier-one college» or «UAS college».
2 The right to use reserved designations also applies to equivalent terms in languages that are not national languages of Switzerland.
it is possible to verify that the institution fulfils its mandate.
Tier-one universities and universities of applied sciences shall provide teaching, research and services in several disciplines or fields of study.
Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector and their sponsors shall take steps to ensure that the institution can be sustainably managed.
2 The Swiss Higher Education Council establishes the specific requirements in accreditation guidelines. When doing so, it shall consider the specific characteristics and autonomy of tier-one universities, universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education and other institutions within the higher education sector.
Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector shall take steps to ensure high-quality teaching.
Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector and their sponsors shall take steps to ensure that study programmes may be completed.
The Swiss Accreditation Agency and other accreditation agencies recognised by the Swiss Accreditation Council shall carry out the accreditation procedure according to this Act and under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement. The accreditation procedure must meet international standards.
Referring to the request submitted by the Swiss Accreditation Agency or by another Swiss or foreign accreditation agency recognised by the Swiss Accreditation Agency, the Swiss Accreditation Council shall decide on institutional accreditation and programme accreditation.
The Swiss Higher Education Council shall decide on the duration of accreditation.
1 The Swiss Accreditation Council and the Swiss Accreditation Agency shall charge general cost-covering fees for its decisions and services.
2 The Swiss Accreditation Council issues a regulation on fees; this document requires approval by the Higher Education Council.
1 Through the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions, the Confederation and the Cantons shall work together to ensure coordination of the entire Swiss higher education sector and decide on the allocation of tasks in particularly costly areas; this shall be done respecting the autonomy of higher education institutions and in consideration of the different remits of tier-one universities, universities of applied sciences and universities of teacher education.
establishing the financial plan at the national level, namely with regards to coordination of federal and cantonal contributions as well as funding of subsidising cantons.
3 The allocation of tasks in particularly costly areas is intended to ensure that education and research priorities receive effective and adequate attention within the higher education sector.
1 Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector shall prepare a multi-annual development and financial plan. This document shall include multi-annual objectives and priorities as well as funding requirements.
2 Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector and their sponsors shall comply with the requirements of the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions and heed the recommendations made by the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions.
1 The Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions shall provide the Swiss Conference of Higher Education Institutions with a proposal on national coordination of higher education policy as well as on the allocation of tasks in particularly costly areas.
the financial plans of the Confederation and the Cantons.
3 For each planning period, it shall highlight coordination needs among the various higher education institutions and shall take corresponding measures to address these needs.
1 The Higher Education Council shall decide on coordination of the entire Swiss higher education sector and the allocation of tasks in particularly costly areas. It shall determine the corresponding priorities as well as the measures that must be taken throughout the higher education sector in order to reach common objectives.
2 It shall periodically provide the corresponding federal and cantonal authorities with an update on the amount of funding needed to reach these objectives.
3 It may provide for measures to be taken to expand study options that serve the interests of the whole of Switzerland but which are not yet adequately offered by individual higher education institutions.
1 At the request of the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions, the Higher Education Council shall determine particularly cost-intensive areas and decide how tasks should be allocated in these areas.
2 When determining particularly cost-intensive areas, expenditure in a given field of study or discipline shall be compared with overall expenditure within the higher education sector. Expenditure for a particularly cost-intensive area must comprise a significant share of overall expenditure within the Swiss higher education sector.
3 If a sponsor is unable to comply with the decisions reached under paragraph 1, then the federal contributions under this Act may be reduced or denied.
1 The Confederation and the Cantons shall see to it that public funding of the higher education sector is enough to ensure high-quality teaching and research.
2 The Confederation and the Cantons shall co-fund higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector and shall do so on the basis of uniform funding principles.
3 The Confederation and the Cantons shall see to it that public contributions are used in a prudent and effective manner.
4 Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector shall seek to secure adequate third-party funding.
1 For each funding period, the Higher Education Council shall determine the public funding requirements of higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector.
Coordination of the entire Swiss higher education sector.
On the basis of financial plans prepared by the Confederation and the Cantons, the Plenary Assembly shall establish the general financial conditions for the given funding period; before reaching its decision, it shall first hear the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions.
1 Reference costs are the expenses required in order to provide high-quality teaching to each student.
2 Output values used to establish reference costs shall reflect the average costs of teaching according to cost accounting records of higher education institutions.
3 Output values shall be adjusted so that public funding is enough to ensure high-quality teaching and the research required for this. Here, consideration shall be given to the specific characteristics of tier-one universities and universities of applied sciences as well as their specific fields of study and disciplines.
4 The Plenary Assembly shall determine reference costs and review these periodically.
is a meaningful addition, expansion or alternative to existing institutions.
carries out tasks that further higher education policy interests and may be included in coordination of the entire Swiss higher education sector decided by the Higher Education Council.
where the curricula or qualifications issued are aligned with public education policy.
1 The Federal Council decides on the eligibility of funding of higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector.
2 It shall first hear the Plenary Assembly.
2 Universities of teacher education may only receive project contributions.
3 The Confederation may provide financial support in the form of contributions to shared infrastructure facilities of higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector if the said infrastructure facilities are used to carry out tasks of importance to the whole of Switzerland. These contributions may not exceed 50 per cent of the total operational costs.
1 The Federal Assembly shall determine the financial resources to be set aside for federal contributions. It shall establish multi-annual budget appropriations and funding commitments.
for basic contributions for universities of applied sciences and other institutions within the higher education sector.
3 Budget appropriations must be established in such a way as to ensure that corresponding annual payment budgets match contribution rates.
Basic contributions shall be used to cover operational costs.
1 In force from 1 Jan. 2020.
1 The total annual amount is determined mainly on the basis of teaching and research performance achieved by institutions that are deemed eligible for funding.
the quality of education and training.
acquisition of third-party funding, particularly funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, EU research framework programmes, the Commission for Technology and Innovation as well as from other public and private sources.
4 No more than 10 per cent of the total annual amount shall be paid to eligible institutions on the basis of the proportion of their foreign students to the total number of foreign students enrolled in Swiss higher education institutions.
the special characteristics of tier-one universities and universities of applied sciences as well as of their fields of study.
6 It shall review these proportions periodically.
7 It shall issue implementing provisions required for assessment.
8 It shall first hear the Plenary Assembly.
1 The competent Department shall decide on basic contributions.
2 It may delegate this decision to the corresponding Federal Office.
1 The competent Federal Office may issue mandates to or sign performance agreements with other institutions within the higher education sector that are eligible for contributions and may pay fixed contributions to cover operational costs instead of paying the basic contributions set forth in Article 50-52.
2 Such contributions may not exceed 45 per cent of operational costs.
3 Under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement, the Swiss Higher Education Council shall issue basic principles on the payment of fixed contributions.
1 Contributions to cover expenditure for construction and use of buildings are intended for the acquisition, long-term use, creation and transformation of buildings for teaching, research or other higher education purposes.
public fees, depreciation and interest expenses.
3 For university clinics, no contributions are provided to cover expenditure for construction and use of buildings.
includes facilitated access for the disabled.
the building used includes facilitated access for the disabled.
The Confederation provides a maximum contribution of 30 per cent of eligible costs.
1 The Federal Council decides on the calculation of eligible costs. It shall first hear the Higher Education Council.
2 It may provide for a lump-sum calculation method, namely maximum threshold values per square metre of useable area.
1 The competent Department decides whether to approve or deny applications for contributions to cover expenditure for construction and use of buildings.
1 Multi-annual project contributions may be paid for expenditures that serve national higher education policy interests.
measures to encourage student participation in decision-making processes.
3 The Cantons as well as higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector involved in the project must contribute their own resources to an adequate degree.
4 Project funding for universities of teacher education requires the involvement of several universities of applied sciences or tier-one universities.
1 Project contributions are determined on the basis of costs for planning, development and implementation of a given project.
2 They are provided for a limited period of time.
1 The Higher Education Council decides on the awarding of project contributions.
consequences of failure to reach established objectives.
1 The reserved designations «university», «university of applied sciences», «university of teacher education» and derived designations (e.g. «tier-one college» or «UAS college»), whether expressed in a national language of Switzerland or in any other language, may only be used by institutions that have been accredited under this Act.
2 The titles given to graduates of tier-one universities, universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education and other institutions within the higher education sector subject to this Act shall be protected under the corresponding legal basis.
a fine not exceeding CHF 100,000 in cases of negligent conduct.
2 The Canton in which the institution is established is responsible for prosecuting such cases.
1 If the requirements for accreditation are no longer met or if certain conditions have not been satisfied within the established timeframe, then the Swiss Accreditation Council shall take the necessary administrative measures.
3 The administrative measures taken by federal subsidising authorities are based on the Federal Act of 5 October 19901 on Financial Assistance and Subsidies, those taken by the Cantons are based on the Intercantonal Agreement on Cooperation in Higher Education.
1 Decisions reached on the basis of this Act, its implementing provisions or the Cooperation Agreement may be contested by appeal to the Federal Administrative Court.
2 Decisions of the Federal Council on funding entitlements and decisions by the Accreditation Council on accreditation are not appealable.
3 Furthermore, the general provisions on the administration of federal justice apply.
participation in international support programmes and projects.
3 Under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement, the Higher Education Council and the Swiss Conference of Rectors of Higher Education Institutions shall take part in preparations for such agreements. The Cooperation Agreement shall establish the conditions for participation in this process.
The Federal Council shall issue implementing provisions if implementation of this Act falls under its area of authority.
the employability and activities of graduates after completion of their higher education studies.
2 It shall first hear the Higher Education Council.
1 On request, the competent Federal Office shall decide whether to recognise a foreign higher education qualification as being valid for work in a regulated profession.
2 The recognition of equivalence may be delegated to a third party; the third party may charge a fee for its services.
3 The authority of the cantons over recognition of foreign qualifications relating to professions regulated at intercantonal level shall remain reserved.
1 Amended by No I of the FA of 30 Sept. 2016, in force since 1 Feb. 2017 (AS 2017 159; BBl 2016 3089).
The repeal and amendment of current legislation are regulated in the Annex.
1 If the level of average annual basic contributions determined by the Confederation for the first time under this Act is considerably different from the level effectively paid on average to cantonal universities and universities of applies sciences within a four-year period under previous legislation, then the Federal Council shall request an adjustment of the contribution rates under Article 50 when it submits the first budget appropriation request for basic contributions under this Act.
2 The Federal Council shall establish the four-year funding period and the relevance criteria under paragraph 1.
3 It shall first hear the Plenary Assembly.
1 Until decided by the Higher Education Council, admission to universities of applied sciences is subject to the conditions set forth in paragraphs 2-4.
a Federal Baccalaureate or federally recognised baccalaureate and at least one year of work experience that has enabled the prospective student to gain practical know-how and knowledge in an occupation relating to the desired field of study.
Resolutions adopted by the Plenary Assembly of the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education in relation to higher education institutions specialised in music, theatre, art and design as well as in relation to study programmes in applied psychology and applied linguistics at universities of applied sciences.
the learning objectives for one-year traineeships in individual fields of study.
1 Not published in the Official Compilation of Federal Legislation. The text of these decrees may be consulted at the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Einsteinstrasse 2, 3003 Bern or viewed online at HYPERLINK "http://www.bbt.admin.ch" .
1 In the first years following commencement of this Act, an average of six per cent of funding allocated for basic contributions may be used in support of higher education institutions whose basic contributions fall by more than five per cent as a result of the changes made to funding calculation methods.
2 The awarding of cohesion contributions shall be digressive and shall cease no later than eight years following commencement of this Act.
1 Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector must seek institutional accreditation no later than eight years following commencement of this Act.
2 The entitlement to contributions by virtue of the Federal Act of 8 October 19992 on University Funding and Cooperation in the Field of University Education (University Funding Act, UFundA) and the Federal Act of 6 October 19953 on the Universities of Applied Sciences (Universities of Applied Sciences Act, UASA) remains in effect until the Federal Council decides on the entitlement to contributions under the present Federal Act.4 Universities of teacher education, federal institutes of technology and other federal higher education institutions shall retain their entitlement to project contributions until the institutional accreditation decision is made by the Swiss Accreditation Council, no later than eight years following commencement of this Act.
3 Higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector that were accredited after 1 January 2011 under previous legislation remain institutionally accredited for a period of up to eight years following commencement of this Act.
1 Inserted by No I of the FA of 30 Sept. 2016, in force since 1 Feb. 2017 (AS 2017 159; BBl 2016 3089).
4 Amended by No I of the FA of 30 Sept. 2016, in force since 1 Feb. 2017 (AS 2017 159; BBl 2016 3089).
For higher education institutions and other institutions within the higher education sector that are not institutionally accredited under this Act or are not deemed institutionally accredited under Article 75 paragraph 3, the right to use reserved designations and the corresponding criminal and administrative law penalties shall be based on previous legislation for a period of up to eight years following commencement of this Act.
1 Applications that were pending at the time of commencement of this Act shall be examined on the basis of the new legislation.
2 The Federal Council may make exceptions in justified cases.
1 The titles of federally recognised UAS degrees, Bachelor's degrees, Master's degrees or Master of Applied Sciences (MAS) degrees under previous legislation remain protected.
2 Inserted by No I of the FA of 30 Sept. 2016, in force since 1 Feb. 2017 (AS 2017 159; BBl 2016 3089).
For a period of five years following commencement of this Act, cantonal governments may issue ordinances for the purpose of making adjustments to their legislation on universities of applied sciences, provided these adjustments are absolutely necessary.
UAS Act of 6 October 19952: the provisions on federal contributions (Art. 18-21) and Article 23.
3 It shall establish the provisions on coordination of the entire Swiss higher education sector and the allocation of tasks (Chap. 6; Art. 36-40), on funding (Chap. 7; Art. 41-44) and on federal contributions (Chap. 8; Art. 45-61) no later than five years after the remaining provisions go into effect.
Commencement Date:3 Articles 1-35, 45, 46 and 62-81 on 1 January 2015; Articles 36-44 and 47-61 on 1 January 2017; Article 50 on 1 January 20204.
UAS Act of 6 October 19952.
3 The amendments may be consulted under AS 2014 4103..
1 SR 1012BBl 2009 45613 Federal Council Decree of 12 Nov. 20144 Federal Council Decree of 23 Nov. 2016 (AS 2016 4855).

References: Art. 16
 Art. 57
 Art. 20
 Art. 36
 Art. 41
 Art. 45