Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/291/610/
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 22:15:27+00:00

Document:
1. The writ of mandamus will not be issued by this Court at the instance of a trustee in bankruptcy to compel the District Court to accept jurisdiction on removal of a suit in a state court, brought against him as such trustee and affecting the title and possession of property of which he has taken possession as part of the bankrupt estate. There is an adequate remedy by application to the court of bankruptcy to enjoin the prosecution of the suit. P. 291 U. S. 614.
2. All property in the possession of a bankrupt of which he claims the ownership passes, upon the filing of the petition in bankruptcy, into the custody of the court of bankruptcy. P. 291 U. S. 615.
3. Where a court of competent jurisdiction has, through its officers, taken property into its possession, the property is thereby withdrawn from the jurisdiction of other courts, and the court having possession may not only issue all writs necessary to protect its possession from physical interference, but is entitled to determine all questions respecting the same. P. 291 U. S. 615.
4. The jurisdiction in such cases is exclusive of the jurisdiction of other courts, although otherwise the controversy would be cognizable by them. P. 291 U. S. 615.
5. In bankruptcy, this rule applies regardless of whether the property is located in the district in which the bankruptcy jurisdiction originated, and an injunction to protect its possession may issue either from the federal court of original jurisdiction, or from the federal court of the district in which the state court suit is brought or in which the plaintiff in that suit resides. P. 291 U. S. 615.
6. The exclusive jurisdiction acquired by a court of bankruptcy through taking possession of land as part of the bankrupt's estate is not limited to prevention of interference with use of the land but extends also to the adjudication of questions respecting the title. P. 291 U. S. 616.
7. The inherent power of a bankruptcy court to protect its jurisdiction over property of which it has taken possession from interference by suit against the trustee thereafter begun in a state court, is expressly reserved in § 265, Jud.Code, and is not abridged by § 23(a) of the Bankruptcy Act, relating to suits over property brought by trustees in bankruptcy against adverse claimants, nor by § 66, Jud.Code, which provides that every receiver or manager of any property appointed by any court of the United States, may be sued without previous leave of that court, in respect of any act or transaction of his in carrying on the business connected with such property, subject, however, to the equity jurisdiction of the appointing court so far as may be necessary to the ends of justice. P. 291 U. S. 616.
8. A suit brought in a state court against trustees in bankruptcy to forfeit to the plaintiffs a railroad right of way in the trustees' possession, upon the ground that the bankrupt railway company broke an agreement requiring it to maintain train service, held subject to the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court notwithstanding that, as a mere incident, damages also were prayed against the trustees because of their failure to maintain the service after they took over the railway. P. 291 U. S. 618.
9. Nonfeasance of the trustees in bankruptcy in not reviving train service which the bankrupt wholly ceased to maintain before they took possession was not an " act or transaction " of the trustees, within the meaning of § 66, Jud.Code. Id.
should not issue commanding that jurisdiction be taken of a petition for the removal to that court of a suit pending in a court of Texas against the petitioners Baldwin and Thompson, trustees in bankruptcy, the Beaumont, Sour Lake Western Railway Company, and the Houston North Shore Railway Co.
The federal court entered an order denying the petition for removed and returned the papers to the petitioners, on the ground that it appears from the petition for removal that the suit is not one in which it is sought to hold the trustees "responsible in their own person and/or property, but only in their representative capacity." See Ruff v. Gay, 3 F.Supp. 264; 67 F.2d 684.
The petition for mandamus alleges that among the properties of which the trustees took possession is an interurban railway in Texas, owned by the Houston North Shore Railway and leased to the Beaumont, Sour Lake & Western Railway; that they had taken possession of this property prior to the institution of the suit in the state court, and that the necessary effect of the institution and prosecution of the suit in the state court "is and will be to materially interfere with and obstruct the jurisdiction and powers of the federal court for eastern Missouri, with respect to the properties and assets of said debtors, the Beaumont, Sour Lake & Western Railway Company and Houston North Shore Railway Company, and each of them."
of the interurban railway's right of way had been acquired by mesne conveyance from the predecessor in title of the investment company; that, after the trustees took possession of this interurban railway, the investment company brought the suit in the state court in which it claims that it is the owner of the fee of a part of the land over which the railway extends, and that the easement of right of way has been forfeited by failure of the Texas corporations and the trustees to operate trains thereon in accordance with the conditions contained in a contract which accompanied the grant of the right of way, [Footnote 4] and prayed as follows: that the deeds conveying the right of way be cancelled; that they be "annulled and held for naught as an existing cloud upon plaintiff's title to the lands and properties therein conveyed;" that the two railways and the trustees be enjoined from making further use of the lands for the operation of the interurban railway or otherwise, and that the complainant recover from Houston North Shore Railway and the trustees "in their capacity as trustees" damages in the sum of $150,000.
We are of opinion that the trustees may be entitled to have their controversy with the investment company adjudicated in the federal court, but are not entitled to the remedy of mandamus, because, to secure adjudication in the federal court of their rights and duties, they could have applied, and still can apply so far as now appears, either in the original bankruptcy proceeding or by an ancillary bill in Texas, for an injunction to restrain the investment company from prosecuting its suit in the state court.
"The United States district courts shall have jurisdiction of all controversies at law and in equity, as distinguished from proceedings in bankruptcy, between trustees as such and adverse claimants concerning the property acquired or claimed by the trustees, in the same manner and to the same extent only as though bankruptcy proceedings had not been instituted and such controversies had been between the bankrupts and such adverse claimants."
"Every receiver or manager of any property appointed by any court of the United States may be sued in respect of any act or transaction of his in carrying on the business connected with such property, without the previous leave of the court in which such receiver or manager was appointed; but such suit shall be subject to the general equity jurisdiction of the court in which such manager or receiver was appointed so far as the same may be necessary to the ends of justice. "
We have no occasion to determine otherwise the scope of Judicial Code § 33. Nor need we consider whether the federal court, if it had entertained the petition for removal, would have been obliged to dismiss the suit on the ground that the state court was without jurisdiction because the bankruptcy court had possession of the res.
All the stock of these corporations is owned by New Orleans, Texas & Mexico Railway Company, and nearly all of the latter's voting stock is owned by the Missouri Pacific.
"When any civil suit . . . is commenced in any court of a state . . . against any officer of the courts of the United States for or on account of any act done under color of his office or in the performance of his duties as such officer . . . , the said suit . . . may, at any time before the trial or final hearing thereof, be removed for trial into the district court . . . in the district where the same is pending."
The contract provided for an easement subject to forfeiture for nonuser for the purpose of an interurban railroad. "Nonuser" is defined as failure to operate the railroad for 30 successive days, and "operation" as involving a passenger schedule over which first-class coaches must run over the entire line by electric or gas engines on a regular schedule of at least one train not less than every two hours of each day from 6 o'clock a.m. until 12 o'clock midnight.
See In re Patterson Lumber Co., 228 F. 916; 247 F. 578; In re Lookout Mountain Co., 50 F.2d 421. As to railroads, see § 77, added to the Bankruptcy Act by Act of March 3, 1933, c. 204, § 1, 47 Stat. 1467, 1474.
"without prejudice to the plaintiff hereafter to seek such injunction against said defendant railway companies when and if they shall be discharged from jurisdiction and control of"
the federal court for Eastern Missouri. We have no occasion to consider the effect of the amendment so far as concerns the right of removal.
Whitney v. Wenman, 198 U. S. 539; In re Rochford, 124 F. 182, 186; In re Moody, 131 F. 525; Fidelity Trust v. Gaskell, 195 F. 865; In re Dialogue, 241 F. 290; cases in note 8 infra.
J.I. case Plow Works v. Finks, 81 F. 529; In re McCallum, 113 F. 393; In re Lipman, 201 F. 169; In re Williams, 53 F.2d 486.
See also New River Coal Co. v. Ruffner Bros., 165 F. 881; Dickinson v. Willis, 239 F. 171.
Compare Buckhannon & W. R. Co. v. Davis, 135 F. 707, 711; Love v. Louisville R. Co., 178 F. 507; Dickinson v. Willis, 239 F. 171; Field v. Kansas City Refining Co., 296 F. 800; 9 F.2d 213.
Compare In re Zehner, 193 F. 787; First Trust Co. v. Baylor, 1 F.2d 24, 27. See note 12 infra.
McHenry v. La Societe Francaise, 95 U. S. 58; In re Johnson, 127 F. 618; In re Zehner, 193 F. 787; First Trust Co. v. Baylor, 1 F.2d 24, 27; In re Schulte-United, 50 F.2d 243; In re Gas Products Co., 57 F.2d 342; compare In re Schermerhorn, 145 F. 341; In re Locust Bldg., 272 F. 988; Field v. Kansas City Refining Co., 296 F. 800; 9 F.2d 213.

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 § 77
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