Source: http://register.dls.virginia.gov/details.aspx?id=7155
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 12:39:20+00:00

Document:
REGISTRAR'S NOTICE: The State Air Pollution Control Board is claiming an exemption from Article 2 of the Administrative Process Act in accordance with § 2.2-4006 A 3, which excludes regulations that consist only of changes in style or form or corrections of technical errors. The State Air Pollution Control Board is also claiming an exemption from Article 2 of the Administrative Process Act in accordance with § 2.2-4006 A 4 a of the Code of Virginia, which excludes regulations that are necessary to conform to changes in Virginia statutory law where no agency discretion is involved. The State Air Pollution Control Board will receive, consider, and respond to petitions by any interested person at any time with respect to reconsideration or revision.
Title of Regulation: 9VAC5-91. Regulations for the Control of Motor Vehicle Emissions in the Northern Virginia Area (amending 9VAC5-91-20, 9VAC5-91-50, 9VAC5-91-185, 9VAC5-91-290, 9VAC5-91-340, 9VAC5-91-360, 9VAC5-91-380, 9VAC5-91-410, 9VAC5-91-420, 9VAC5-91-430, 9VAC5-91-440, 9VAC5-91-530, 9VAC5-91-540, 9VAC5-91-740, 9VAC5-91-750).
Statutory Authority: § 46.2-1180 of the Code of Virginia; § 182 of the Clear Air Act; 40 CFR Part 51, Subpart S.
Agency Contact: Karen Collins, Department of Environmental Quality, 1111 East Main Street, Suite 1400, P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218, telephone (804) 698-4337, FAX (804) 698-4510, or email karen.collins@deq.virginia.gov.
Pursuant to Chapter 555 of the 2018 Acts of Assembly, which authorizes the Department of Motor Vehicles to issue a registration card and license plates for military surplus motor vehicles and exempts military surplus motor vehicles from emissions standards, an amendment adjusts the definition of "affected motor vehicle" to exclude military surplus motor vehicles. Additionally, amendments update a Code of Federal Regulations citation and correct technical errors.
"Aborted test" means an emissions inspection procedure that has been initiated by the inspector but stopped and not completed due to inspector error or a vehicular problem that prevents completion of the test. Aborted tests are not tests that cannot be completed due to a "failed/invalid" result caused by an exhaust dilution problem or an engine condition that prevents the inspection from being completed.
"Acceleration Simulation Mode (ASM) 50-15 equipment" means dynamometer-based emissions test equipment used to perform an enhanced emissions test in one or more, discreet, simulated road speed and engine load modes.
"Acceleration Simulation Mode (ASM) 25-25 standards" means the standards utilized for one of the discreet modes of the ASM test of the enhanced emission emissions inspection program.
"Access code" means the security phrase or number which allows authorized station personnel, the department, and analyzer service technicians to perform specific assigned functions using the certified analyzer system, as determined by the department. Depending on the assigned function, the access code is a personal password, a state password, or a service password. Access code is not an identification number, but is used as an authenticator along with the identification number where such number is needed to perform specific tasks.
"Actual gross weight" means the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).
"Administrator" means the administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or an authorized representative.
5. For vehicles subject to the remote sensing requirements of 9VAC5-91-180, was designated by the manufacturer as model year 1968 or newer.
10. Military surplus motor vehicle, which means a multipurpose or tactical vehicle manufactured by or under the direction of the United States armed forces for off-road use and subsequently authorized for sale to civilians. A military surplus motor vehicle does not include specialized mobile equipment as defined in § 46.2-700 of the Code of Virginia, trailers, or semitrailers.
"Air intake systems" means those systems that allow for the induction of ambient air (to include preheated air) into the engine combustion chamber for the purpose of mixing with a fuel for combustion.
"Air pollution" means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more substances which are or may be harmful or injurious to human health, welfare, or safety;, to animal or plant life;, or to property; or which unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment by the people of life or property.
"Air Pollution Control Law" means Chapter 13 (§ 10.1-1300 et seq.) of Title 10.1 of the Code of Virginia.
"Air system" or "air injection system" means a system for providing supplementary air to promote further oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide gases and to assist catalytic reaction.
"Alternative fuel" means an internal combustion engine fuel other than (i) gasoline, (ii) diesel, or (iii) fuel mixtures containing more than 15% volume of gasoline.
"Alternative method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant that is not a reference method, but that has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the board, in specific cases, to produce results adequate for its determination of compliance.
"Authorized personnel" means department personnel, an individual designated by analyzer system manufacturer, station owner, licensed emissions inspector, program coordinator, station manager, or other person as designated by the station manager.
"Basic engine systems" means those parts or assemblies which provide for the efficient conversion of a compressed air and fuel charge into useful power to include but not be limited to valve train mechanisms, cylinder head to block integrity, piston-ring-cylinder sealing integrity, and post-combustion emissions control device integrity.
"Board" means the State Air Pollution Control Board or its designated representative.
"Calibration" means establishing or verifying the response curve of a measurement device using several different measurements having precisely known quantities.
"Calibration gases" means gases of precisely known concentrations that are used as references for establishing or verifying the response curve of a measurement device.
"Catalytic converter" means a post combustion device that oxidizes hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide gases, and may also reduce oxides of nitrogen.
"Certificate of emissions inspection" means a document, device, or symbol, whether recorded in written or electronic form, as prescribed by the director and issued pursuant to this chapter, which indicates that (i) an affected motor vehicle has satisfactorily complied with the emissions standards and passed the emissions inspection provided for in this chapter;, (ii) the requirement of compliance with the emissions standards has been temporarily waived;, or (iii) the affected motor vehicle has failed the emissions inspection.
"Certified emissions repair facility" means a facility, or portion of a facility, that has obtained a certification in accordance with Part VII (9VAC5-91-500 et seq.) to perform emissions related repairs on motor vehicles.
"Certified emissions repair technician" means a person who has obtained a certification in accordance with Part VIII (9VAC5-91-550 et seq.) to perform emissions related repairs on motor vehicles.
"Certified enhanced analyzer system" or "analyzer system" means the complete system that samples and reads concentrations of hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide, nitric oxides, and carbon monoxide gases or interrogates the vehicle OBD system or both, and that is approved by the department for use in the Enhanced Emissions Inspection Program in accordance with Part X (9VAC5-91-640 et seq.). The analyzer system includes the exhaust gas handling system, the exhaust gas analyzer, associated automation hardware and software, data media, the analyzer system cabinet, dynamometer control devices, vehicle identification equipment, printer, and calibration gases. The analyzer system does not include the dynamometer and associated cooling and exhaust fans that are supplied by the inspection station.
"Certified thermometer" means a laboratory grade ambient temperature-measuring device with a range of at least 20°F through 120°F, and an attested accuracy of at least 1°F with increments of 1°, with protective shielding.
"Chargeable inspection" means a completed inspection on an affected motor vehicle, for which the station owner is entitled to collect an inspection fee. No fee shall be paid for (i) inspections for which a certificate of emissions inspection has not been issued, (ii) inspections that are conducted by the department for referee purposes, (iii) inspections which were ordered due to on-road test failures but which result in an emissions inspection "pass" at an inspection station, or (iv) the first reinspection done at the same station that performed the initial inspection within 14 days. An inspection ordered by the department due to an on-road test failure that results in a confirmation test failure at an emissions inspection station is a chargeable inspection.
"Clean screen vehicle" means a vehicle that has been identified by the on-road inspector as having met the criteria in 9VAC5-91-185 A or B and is eligible to participate in the on-road clean screen program.
"Clean screen vehicle notification" means a document, device, or symbol, whether recorded in written or electronic form, as prescribed by the director and issued pursuant to this chapter, that (i) indicates that an affected motor vehicle has satisfactorily complied with the clean screen vehicle emissions standards for on-road testing, and (ii) may be used by the motor vehicle owner to voluntarily comply with the vehicle registration requirements of § 46.2-1183 of the Code of Virginia. The notification shall also indicate that the motor vehicle owner may obtain an emissions inspection from an emissions inspection station.
"Clean screen vehicle standard" means any provision of 9VAC5-91-185 that prescribes an emission limitation, or other criteria used to select clean screen vehicles.
"Confirmation test" means an emissions inspection required due to a determination that the vehicle exceeds the on-road high emitter emissions standards prescribed in 9VAC5-91-180 B. The confirmation emissions inspection procedure may include an exhaust test (ASM or TSI), OBD system test, or both.
"Consent order" means a mutual agreement between the department and any owner, operator, emissions inspector, or emissions repair technician that such owner or other person will perform specific actions for the purpose of diminishing or abating the causes of air pollution or for the purpose of coming into compliance with this chapter. A consent order may include agreed upon civil charges. Such orders may be issued without a formal hearing.
"Curb idle" means vehicle operation whereby the transmission is disengaged and the engine is operated with the throttle in the closed or idle stop position with the resultant engine speed between 400 and 1,250 revolutions per minute (rpm), or at another idle speed if so specified by the manufacturer.
"Data handling system" means all the computer hardware, software, and peripheral equipment used to conduct emissions inspections and manage the enhanced emissions inspection program.
"Data media" means the media contained in the certified analyzer system and used to electronically record test data.
"Day" means a 24-hour period beginning at midnight.
"Department" means any employee or other representative of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, as designated by the director.
"Director" means the director of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality or a designated representative.
"Emissions control equipment" means any part, assembly, or equipment originally installed by the manufacturer in or on a motor vehicle for the sole or primary purpose of reducing emissions.
"Emissions control systems" means any system consisting of parts, assemblies, or equipment originally installed by the manufacturer in or on a motor vehicle for the primary purpose of reducing emissions.
"Emissions inspection" means an emissions inspection of a motor vehicle performed by an emissions inspector employed by or working at an emissions inspection station or fleet emissions inspection station, using the tests, procedures, and provisions set forth in this chapter.
"Emissions inspection station" means a facility or portion of a facility that has obtained an emissions inspection station permit from the director authorizing the facility to perform emissions inspections in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
"Emissions inspector" means, except for an on-road emissions inspector, a person licensed by the department to perform inspections of vehicles required under the Virginia Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Law and is qualified in accordance with this chapter.
"Emissions standard" means any provision of Part III (9VAC5-91-160 et seq.) or Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.) that prescribes an emission limitation, or other emission control requirements for motor vehicle air pollution.
"Empty weight" or "EW" means that weight stated as the EW on a Virginia motor vehicle registration or derived from the motor vehicle title or manufacturer's certificate of origin. The EW may be used to determine emissions inspection standards.
"Enhanced emissions inspection program" means a motor vehicle emissions inspection system established by this chapter that designates, as the only authorized testing equipment for emissions inspection stations, (i) the use of the ASM 50-15 (acceleration simulation mode or method) together with an OBD-II (on-board diagnostic system) with wireless capability, (ii) the use of the ASM 50-15 together with the use of a dynamometer, and (iii) two-speed tailpipe testing equipment. Possession and availability of a dynamometer shall be required for enhanced emissions inspection stations. Only those computer software programs and emissions testing procedures necessary to comply with applicable provisions of Title I of the federal Clean Air Act shall be included. Such testing equipment shall be approvable for motor vehicle manufacturers' warranty repairs. An enhanced emissions inspection program shall include remote sensing and an on-road clean screen program as provided in this chapter.
"Equivalent test weight," "ETW," or "emission "emissions test weight" means the weight of a motor vehicle as automatically determined by the emissions analyzer system based on vehicle make, model, body, style, model year, engine size, permanently installed equipment, and other manufacturer and aftermarket supplied information, and used for the purpose of assigning dynamometer resistance and exhaust emissions standards for the conduct of an exhaust emissions inspection.
"Exhaust gas analyzer" or "gas analyzer" means an exhaust gas handling system that is capable of measuring the concentrations of certain air pollutants in the exhaust gas from a motor vehicle.
"Facility" means something that is built, installed, or established to serve a particular purpose; includes, but is not limited to, buildings, installations, public works, businesses, commercial and industrial plants, shops and stores, apparatus, processes, operations, structures, and equipment of all types.
"Federal Clean Air Act" means Chapter 85 (§ 7401 et seq.) of Title 42 of the United States Code.
"Fleet" means 20 or more motor vehicles that are owned, operated, leased, or rented for use by a common owner.
"Fleet emissions inspection station" means any inspection facility operated under a permit issued to a qualified fleet owner or lessee as determined by the director.
"Formal hearing" means a board or department process that provides for the right of private parties to submit factual proofs as provided in § 2.2-4020 of the Administrative Process Act in connection with case decisions. Formal hearings do not include the factual inquiries of an informal nature provided in § 2.2-4019 of the Administrative Process Act.
"Fuel control systems" means those mechanical, electro-mechanical, galvanic, or electronic parts or assemblies which regulate the air-to-fuel ratio in an engine for the purpose of providing a combustible charge.
"Gas span" means the adjustment of an exhaust gas analyzer to correspond with known concentrations of gases.
"Gas span check" means a procedure using known concentrations of gases to verify the gas span adjustment of a gas analyzer.
"Gross vehicle weight rating" or "GVWR" means the maximum recommended combined weight of the motor vehicle and its load as prescribed by the manufacturer and is (i) expressed on a permanent identification label affixed to the motor vehicle;, (ii) stated on the manufacturer's certificate of origin;, or (iii) coded in the vehicle identification number. If the GVWR can be determined it shall be one element used to determine emissions inspection standards and test type. If the GVWR is unavailable, the department may make a determination based on the best available evidence including manufacturer reference, information coded in the vehicle identification number, or other available sources of information from which to make the determination.
"Heavy duty gasoline vehicle" or "HDGV" means a heavy duty vehicle using gasoline as its fuel.
"Heavy duty vehicle" or "HDV" means any affected motor vehicle (i) which is rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or (ii) which has a loaded vehicle weight or GVWR of more than 6,000 pounds and has a basic frontal area in excess of 45 square feet.
"High emitter value" means the values in Table III-B of 9VAC5-91-180 that are used to determine vehicles in violation of the on-road high emitter emissions standard.
"Identification number" means the number assigned by the department to uniquely identify department personnel, an emissions inspection station, a certified emissions repair facility, a licensed emissions inspector, a certified emissions repair technician, or other authorized personnel as necessary for specific tasks.
"Idle mode" means a condition where the vehicle engine is warm and running at the rate specified by the manufacturer as curb idle, where the engine is not propelling the vehicle, and where the throttle is in the closed or idle stop position.
"Ignition systems" means those parts or assemblies that are designed to cause and time the ignition of a compressed air and fuel charge.
"Implementation plan" means the plan, including any revision thereof, that has been submitted by the Commonwealth and approved in Subpart VV of 40 CFR Part 52 by the administrator under § 110 of the federal Clean Air Act, or promulgated in Subpart VV of 40 CFR Part 52 by the administrator under § 110(c) of the federal Clean Air Act, or promulgated or approved by the administrator pursuant to regulations promulgated under § 301(d) of the federal Clean Air Act and that implements the relevant requirements of the federal Clean Air Act.
"Informal fact finding" means an informal conference or consultation proceeding used to ascertain the fact basis for case decisions as provided in § 2.2-4019 of the Administrative Process Act.
"Initial inspection" means the first complete emissions inspection of a motor vehicle conducted in accordance with the biennial inspection requirement and for which a valid vehicle emissions inspection report was issued. Any test following the initial inspection is a retest or reinspection.
"Inspection area" means in reference to an emissions inspection station, (i) the area that is occupied by the certified analyzer system and the vehicle being inspected or (ii) for only an OBD II test, the area within wireless range that is on the property on which the inspection station is located.
"Inspection fee" means the amount of money that (i) the emissions inspection station may collect from the motor vehicle owner for each chargeable inspection or (ii) an on-road emissions inspector may collect from the motor vehicle owner in response to a clean screen vehicle notification.
"Light duty gasoline vehicle" or "LDGV" means a light duty vehicle using gasoline as its fuel.
"Light duty gasoline truck" or "LDGT1" means a light duty truck 1 using gasoline as its fuel.
"Light duty gasoline truck" or "LDGT2" means a light duty truck 2 using gasoline as its fuel.
1. Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a vehicle.
2. Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons.
3. Equipped with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
"Light duty truck 1" or "LDT1" means any light duty truck rated at 6,000 pounds GVWR or less. LDT1 is a subset of light duty trucks.
"Light duty truck 2" or "LDT2" means any light duty truck rated at greater than 6,000 pounds GVWR. LDT2 is a subset of light duty trucks.
"Light duty vehicle" or "LDV" means an affected motor vehicle that is a passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less.
"Loaded vehicle weight," "LVW," or "curb weight" means the weight of a vehicle and its standard equipment; that is, the empty weight as recorded on the vehicle's registration or the base shipping weight as recorded in the vehicle identification number, whichever is greater; plus the weight of any permanent attachments, the weight of a nominally filled fuel tank, plus 300 pounds.
"Locality" means a city, town, or county created by or pursuant to state law.
"Mobile fleet emissions inspection station" means a facility or entity that provides emissions inspection equipment or services to a fleet emissions inspection station on a temporary basis. Such equipment is not permanently installed at the fleet facility but is temporarily located at the fleet facility for the sole purpose of testing vehicles owned, operated, leased, or rented for use by a common owner.
"Model year" means, except as may be otherwise defined in this chapter, the motor vehicle manufacturer's annual production period which includes the time period from January 1 of the calendar year prior to the stated model year to December 31 of the calendar year of the stated model year; provided that, if the manufacturer has no annual production period, the term "model year" shall mean the calendar year of manufacture. For the purpose of this definition, model year is applied to the vehicle chassis, irrespective of the year of manufacture of the vehicle engine.
"Monitors" means those computer programs in the on-board vehicle computer that evaluate the various emissions components and systems to determine status of such components and systems.
2. Is powered by an internal combustion engine.
"Motor vehicle dealer" means a person who is licensed by the Department of Motor Vehicles in accordance with §§ 46.2-1500 and 46.2-1508 of the Code of Virginia.
"Motor vehicle emissions" means any emissions related information that can be captured through (i) a basic test and repair inspection, (ii) enhanced emissions inspection, or (iii) on-road testing.
"Motor vehicle inspection report" means a printed certificate of emissions inspection that is a report of the results of an emissions inspection. It indicates whether the motor vehicle has (i) passed, (ii) failed, or (iii) obtained a temporary emissions inspection waiver. It may also indicate whether the emissions inspection could not be completed due to an exhaust dilution or an engine condition that prevents the inspection from being completed. The report shall accurately identify the motor vehicle and shall include inspection results, recall information provided by the department, warranty and repair information, and a unique identification number.
"Motor vehicle owner" means any person who owns, leases, operates, or controls a motor vehicle or fleet of motor vehicles.
"Nonconforming vehicle" means a vehicle not manufactured for sale in the United States to conform to emissions standards established by the federal government.
"Normal business hours" for emissions inspection stations, means a daily eight-hour period Monday through Friday, between the hours of 8 a.m. and 6 p.m., with the exception of national holidays, state holidays, temporary closures noticed to the department, and closures due to the inability to meet the requirements of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall prevent stations from performing inspections at other times in addition to the "normal business hours." Emissions inspection stations may, with the approval of the department, substitute a combined total of eight hours, between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m., over a weekend period for one weekday as their "normal business hours" for conducting emission emissions inspections. Emissions inspection stations shall post inspection hours.
"Northern Virginia emissions inspection program" means the emissions inspection program required by this chapter in the Northern Virginia program area.
"Northern Virginia program area" or "program area" means the territorial area encompassed by the boundaries of the following localities: the counties of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford; and the cities of Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park.
"On-board diagnostic system" or "OBD system" means the computerized emissions control diagnostic system installed on model year 1996 and newer affected motor vehicles.
"On-board diagnostic system test" or "OBD test" means an evaluation of the OBD system pursuant to either 40 CFR 86.094-17 (2009 CFR) or 40 CFR 86.099-17 as applicable, according to procedures specified in 40 CFR 85.2222 and this chapter.
"On-board diagnostic vehicle" or "OBD vehicle" means a model year 1996 and newer model affected motor vehicle equipped with an on-board diagnostic system and meeting the requirements of 40 CFR 85.2231.
"On-road clean screen program" means a program that allows a motor vehicle owner to voluntarily certify compliance with emissions standards by means of on-road remote sensing.
"On-road emissions inspector" means the entity or entities authorized by the Department of Environmental Quality to perform on-road testing, including on-road testing in accordance with the on-road clean screen program.
"On-road emissions measurement" means data obtained through on-road testing.
"On-road high emitter emissions standard" means any provision of 9VAC5-91-180 that prescribes an emission limitation, or other emission control requirements for motor vehicle emissions. The on-road high emitter emissions standard shall be determined by multiplying the high emitter value in Table III-B of 9VAC5-91-180 with the appropriate ASM 25-25 standard in 9VAC5-91-810 or the TSI standard in Table III-A of 9VAC5-91-160.
"On-road testing" means tests of motor vehicle emissions or emissions control devices by means of roadside pullovers or remote sensing devices.
"Operated primarily" means motor vehicle operation that constitutes routine operation into or within the program area as evidenced by observation using remote sensing equipment at least three times in a 60-day period with no less than 30 days between the first and last observation. The director may increase the number of observations required for compliance determination if, in his discretion, based on program experience, such an increase would not significantly adversely impact the objectives of this chapter. The term "operated primarily" shall be used to identify motor vehicle operation that is subject to the exhaust emission standards for on-road testing through remote sensing set forth in 9VAC5-91-180. The term "operated primarily" shall not be used to identify motor vehicle operation that will subject the vehicle to the compliance provisions set forth in 9VAC5-91-160 and 9VAC5-91-170 for biennial emissions inspections.
"Order" means any decision or directive of the board or the director, including orders, consent orders, and orders of all types rendered for the purpose of diminishing or abating the causes of air pollution or enforcement of this chapter. Unless specified otherwise in this chapter, orders shall only be issued after the appropriate administrative proceeding.
"Owner" means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a facility or motor vehicle.
"Party" means any person who actively participates in the administrative proceeding or offers comments through the public participation process and is named in the administrative record. The term "party" also means the department.
"Pollutant" means any substance the presence of which in the outdoor atmosphere is or may be harmful or injurious to human health, welfare, or safety, to animal or plant life, or to property,; or which unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment by the people of life or property.
"Program coordinator" means any person or corporation that has entered into a contract with the director to provide services in accordance with Part X (9VAC5-91-640 et seq.) and other services not to include remote sensing.
"Qualified hybrid motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle that (i) meets or exceeds all applicable regulatory requirements, (ii) meets or exceeds the applicable federal motor vehicle emissions standards for gasoline-powered passenger cars, and (iii) can draw propulsion energy both from gasoline or diesel fuel and a rechargeable energy storage system.
"Reconstructed vehicle" means every vehicle of a type required to be registered under Title 46.2 (§ 46.2-100 et seq.) of the Code of Virginia, materially altered from its original construction by the removal, addition or substitution of new or used essential parts. Such vehicles, at the discretion of the Department of Motor Vehicles, shall retain their original vehicle identification number, line-make, and model year.
"Referee station" or "referee facility" means those facilities operated or used by the department to (i) determine program effectiveness, (ii) resolve emissions inspection conflicts between motor vehicle owners and emissions inspection stations, and (iii) provide such other technical support and information, as appropriate, to emissions inspection stations and motor vehicle owners.
"Reference method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant as described in Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60.
"Reinspection" or "retest" means a type of inspection selected by the department or the emissions inspector when a request for an inspection is due to a previous failure. Any inspection that occurs 120 days or less following the most recent chargeable inspection is a retest.
"Rejected" or "rejected from testing" means that the vehicle cannot be inspected due to conditions in accordance with 9VAC5-91-420 C or 9VAC5-91-420 G 3.
"Remote sensing" means the measurement of motor vehicle emissions through electronic or light-sensing equipment from a remote location such as the roadside. Remote sensing equipment may include devices to detect and record the vehicle's registration or other identification numbers.
"Replica vehicle" means every vehicle of a type required to be registered under Title 46.2 (§ 46.2-100 et seq.) of the Code of Virginia not fully constructed by a licensed manufacturer but either constructed or assembled from components. Such components may be from a single vehicle, multiple vehicles, a kit, parts, or fabricated components. The kit may be made up of "major components" as defined in § 46.2-1600 of the Code of Virginia, a full body, or a full chassis, or a combination of these parts. The vehicle shall resemble a vehicle of distinctive name, line-make, model, or type as produced by a licensed manufacturer or manufacturer no longer in business and is not a reconstructed or specially constructed vehicle. Any vehicle registered as a replica vehicle shall meet emission requirements as established for the model year of which the vehicle is a replica.
"Sensitive mission vehicle" means any vehicle which, for law enforcement or national security reasons, cannot be tested in the public inspection system and must not be identified through the fleet testing system. For such vehicles, an autonomous fleet testing system may be established by agreement between the controlling agency and the director.
"Span gas" means gases of known concentration used as references to adjust or verify the accuracy of an exhaust gas analyzer that are approved by the department and are so labeled.
"Specially constructed vehicle" means any vehicle that was not originally constructed under a distinctive name, make, model, or type by a generally recognized manufacturer of vehicles and not a reconstructed vehicle as defined in this section.
"Specific engine family" means a group of motor vehicles with the same vehicle type, make, year, and engine size.
"Standardized instruments" or "standardizing instruments" means laboratory instruments calibrated with precision gases traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology and accepted by the department as the standards to be used for comparison purposes. All candidate instruments are compared in performance to the standardized instruments.
"Tactical military vehicle" means any motor vehicle designed to military specifications or a commercially designed motor vehicle modified to military specifications to meet direct transportation support of combat, tactical, or military relief operations, or training of personnel for such operations.
"Tampering" means to alter, remove, or otherwise disable or reduce the effectiveness of emissions control equipment on a motor vehicle.
"Test" means an emissions inspection of a vehicle, or any portion thereof, performed by an emissions inspector at an emissions inspection station, using the procedures and provisions set forth in this chapter.
"Test and repair" means motor vehicle emissions inspection stations that perform emissions inspections and may also perform vehicle repairs. No provision of this chapter shall bar emissions inspection stations from also performing vehicle repairs.
"Thermostatic air cleaner" means a system that supplies temperature-regulated air to the air intake system during engine operation.
"Two-speed idle test" or "TSI" means a vehicle exhaust emissions test, performed in accordance with section (II) of 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix B to Subpart S, which measures the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases of an engine (i) while the motor vehicle transmission is not propelling the vehicle and (ii) while the engine is operated at both curb idle and at a nominal engine speed of 2,500 rpm.
"Vehicle emissions index" means the ranking of probable emissions inspection failure-rates of affected motor vehicles. Values within the index are determined by calculating a percentile of the historical emissions inspection failure-rates of a specific engine family, and comparing that to the historical emissions inspection failure-rates of all engine families in a specific model year group. Motor vehicles with the highest percentage of failure rates have the highest ranking on the index. Failure rates are based on the two most recent calendar years of emissions inspection test data from the Virginia Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program.
x Speed x Acceleration + K2 x Speed + K3 x Speed3.
Acceleration = change in speed in miles per hour per second.
For light duty vehicles the values for K1, K2, and K3 are respectively 0.22, 0.0954, and 0.0000272. Based on EPA guidance, the department may develop different values for K1, K2, and K3 that are applicable to heavy duty vehicles or to specific classes of light duty vehicles.
"Virginia Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program" means the program for the inspection and control of motor vehicle emissions established by Virginia Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Law.
"Virginia Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Law" means Article 22 (§ 46.2-1176 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of Title 46.2 of the Code of Virginia.
"Visible smoke" means any air pollutant, other than visible water droplets, consisting of black, gray, blue, or blue-black airborne particulate matter emanating from the exhaust system or crankcase. Visible smoke does not mean steam.
9VAC5-91-50. Documents incorporated by reference.
A. The Administrative Process Act and Virginia Register Act provide that state regulations may incorporate documents by reference. Throughout this chapter, documents of the types specified below have been incorporated by reference.
3. Code of Federal Regulations.
5. Technical and scientific reference documents.
Additional information on key federal regulations and nonstatutory documents incorporated by reference and their availability may be found in subsection E of this section.
B. Any reference in this chapter to any provision of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) shall be considered as the adoption by reference of that provision. The specific version of the provision adopted by reference shall be that contained in the latest revision to the CFR in effect on July 1, 2012 2018, unless noted otherwise. In making reference to the Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 35 means Part 35 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations; 40 CFR 35.20 means § 35.20 in Part 35 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
C. Failure to include in this section any document referenced in this chapter shall not invalidate the applicability of the referenced document.
D. Copies of materials incorporated by reference in this section may be examined by the public at the central office of the Department of Environmental Quality, Air Division, 1111 East Main Street, Suite 1400, Richmond, Virginia, between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. of each business day.
E. Information on federal regulations and nonstatutory documents incorporated by reference and their availability may be found below in this subsection.
1. Code of Federal Regulations.
(1) 40 CFR Part 51 - Requirements for Preparation, Adoption and Submittal of Implementation Plans, specifically Subpart S (Inspection and Maintenance Program Requirements).
(2) 40 CFR Part 85 - Control of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines Mobile Sources, specifically Subpart W (Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests).
b. Copies may be obtained from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402; phone (202) 783-3238.
2. Environmental Protection Agency, Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory.
a. The following document is incorporated herein by reference: Environmental Protection Agency technical report, "EPA Recommended Practice for Naming I/M Calibration Gas," EPA-AA-TSS-83-8-B, September 1983.
b. The following document is incorporated herein by reference: Environmental Protection Agency technical guidance, Acceleration Simulation Mode Test Procedures, Emission Standards, Quality Control Requirements, and Equipment Specifications," EPA420-B-04-011, July 2004.
c. Copies may be obtained from: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
3. Building Officials & Code Administrators International, Inc.
a. The following document is incorporated herein by reference: The BOCA National Mechanical Code/1993, Eighth Edition.
b. Copies may be obtained from: Building Officials & Code Administrators International, Inc., 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, Illinois 60478-5795.
9VAC5-91-185. Clean screen vehicle emissions standards for on-road testing.
1. Up to 5.0% of the number of vehicles measured during any 30-day period may be identified as clean screen vehicles. This percentage may be evaluated annually by the department and adjusted based on the amount of emissions reduction lost due to clean screening.
2. Vehicles that have the cleanest measurements based on an average of at least three measurements (taken on three different days in a 120-day time period) may be identified as clean screen vehicles.
3. Vehicles must have no measurements exceeding the on-road high emitter emissions standard within the 120-day time period as required in subdivision 2 of this subsection to be identified as clean screen vehicles.
4. Vehicles must not be equipped with an OBD system unless DEQ makes a determination to include certain OBD model years based on evidence that there would not be a significant loss in emissions reduction benefits.
5. The most recent on-road emissions measurement taken within 12 months of the registration expiration date shall not exceed the clean screen standards as determined in subsection D of this section and the vehicle shall have a vehicle emissions index no greater than 75.
C. On an annual basis, at least 2.0% of the vehicles meeting the clean screen criteria in subsection B of this section shall not be notified of the clean screen and may receive an emissions test at an emission emissions inspection station. The department shall analyze these test results to determine the effect of on-road testing on total emissions reductions. The director may decrease the maximum vehicle emissions index specified in subdivision B 4 and 5 of this section as necessary to ensure compliance with federal requirements in accordance with 9VAC5-91-740 F.
D. The clean screen vehicle standards are determined as a percentage of the values in Table III-C. The director may adjust the percentage between 50% to 80% to ensure compliance with federal requirements in accordance with 9VAC5-91-740 F.
E. The director may exempt certain vehicle models with known emissions related deficiencies.
F. Clean screen vehicles in accordance with subsections A and B of this section may be recorded as having passed the next emissions inspection required by § 46.2-1178 of the Code of Virginia and the result shall be entered into the emissions inspection record for that vehicle.
9VAC5-91-290. Emissions inspection station operations.
A. Emissions inspection station operations shall be conducted in accordance with applicable statutes and this chapter.
B. Emissions inspection stations shall cooperate with the department during the conduct of audits, investigations and complaint resolutions.
C. Emissions inspection stations, except fleet emissions inspection stations permitted under 9VAC5-91-370, shall conduct emissions inspections during normal business hours and shall inspect every vehicle presented for inspection within a reasonable time period.
D. Emissions inspection stations that have performed a chargeable initial inspection that resulted in a test failure or failed invalid result shall provide one free reinspection on the same vehicle upon request within 14 calendar days of the initial inspection test failure or failed invalid result.
E. Emissions inspection stations finding it necessary to suspend inspections due to analyzer system malfunction or any other reason shall refund any inspection fee collected when a station cannot accommodate a customer's request for a free reinspection in accordance with subsection D of this section and 9VAC5-91-420 M.
F. Emissions inspection stations shall notify the department when they are unable to perform emission emissions inspections for any reason and shall notify the department when they are able to resume inspections.
1. Employ at least one emissions inspector.
2. Have an emissions inspector on duty during posted emissions inspection hours, except for fleet emissions inspection stations permitted under 9VAC5-91-370.
3. Only allow licensed emissions inspectors to conduct inspections.
H. Emissions inspection stations shall provide to emissions inspection customers any information which that has been provided to the emissions inspection station by the department and which that is intended to be provided to the customer.
I. Emissions inspection stations shall allow emissions inspection customers to have viewing access to the inspection process.
J. Emissions inspections and vehicle safety inspections may be performed in the same service bay provided that the facility is both an emissions inspection station and an official safety inspection station in accordance with §§ 46.2-1163 and 46.2-1166 of the Code of Virginia.
K. Emissions inspections may be performed in the inspection area of the emissions inspection station or, if by wireless means, in any other area on the premises of the emissions inspection station provided that all applicable test components can be performed at that location.
9VAC5-91-340. Motor vehicle inspection report; certificate of emissions inspection.
A. Emission Emissions inspection stations and emissions inspectors shall be responsible for ensuring that all motor vehicle inspection reports are legible, and properly completed and printed with correct information appearing in the correct location on the form and shall notify immediately the department and the vehicle operator of any incorrect information appearing on the form.
B. Emissions inspectors and emissions inspection stations shall be responsible for ensuring that all emissions inspection results are properly communicated to the department and to the vehicle operator. The use of the motor vehicle inspection report may serve as proper communication to the vehicle operator.
C. Certificates of vehicle emissions inspection shall be used only for documentation of official test results.
D. Certificates of emission emissions inspections and motor vehicle inspection reports shall be issued only by licensed emissions inspectors employed by permitted emissions inspection stations.
9VAC5-91-360. Inspector identification number and access code usage.
A. The department shall assign each emissions inspector a unique number and numerical code known as an inspector identification number and an access code to gain access to the analyzer system at the inspector's place of employment. Biometric identification may be used in place of an access code.
B. Access codes and identification numbers shall be added and deleted only by department personnel.
C. An inspector identification number and access code shall be used only by the inspector to whom it was assigned.
D. An inspector's name printed on a motor vehicle inspection report shall be an endorsement that the entire test was performed by the inspector whose name appears on the vehicle inspection report. Each inspector must sign his full name on the vehicle inspection report for each emission emissions inspection conducted.
E. Emissions inspection stations and emissions inspectors shall report any unauthorized use of an inspector identification number or access code to the department within 24 hours of the discovery of unauthorized use.
F. Emissions inspection stations and inspectors shall be responsible for any violation or fraudulent inspection which occurs using inspector identification numbers or access codes.
G. Emissions inspection stations shall be responsible for all certificates of vehicle emissions inspection and motor vehicle inspection reports issued by that emissions inspection station.
9VAC5-91-380. Emissions inspector licenses and renewals.
A. The director shall issue, suspend, revoke or deny licenses, and establish procedures and other instructions for emissions inspectors.
B. Applicants shall qualify under 9VAC5-91-390 and shall demonstrate to the department proof of identification and the ability to properly conduct vehicle emissions inspections according to this chapter prior to being issued an emissions inspector license.
C. Application for licenses shall be made to, and in accordance with procedures approved by, the department.
D. Licenses shall be valid for time periods determined by the department, not to exceed three years from the end of the month in which issued.
1. Upon expiration of the license, the emissions inspector shall no longer be authorized to perform emissions inspections.
2. Upon expiration of the license, the applicant shall be required to pass the testing requirements in 9VAC5-91-390 before being relicensed.
E. When supported by justification which the department deems adequate, the director may, upon written request by an emissions inspector, extend the expiration date of a license by a period not to exceed three months beyond the original expiration date for the purpose of allowing sufficient time for an inspector to correct such deficiencies in the application, such as completion of the required instruction, as have been identified by the department and to allow completion of the application review by the department. Such application for license extension may require demonstration of the applicant's ability to perform an emissions inspection at an emissions inspection or referee facility to the satisfaction of the department.
F. No person shall represent themselves as an emissions inspector without holding a valid emissions inspector license issued by the director and a valid motor vehicle driver's or operator's license.
1. All required licenses shall be made available to department personnel upon request.
2. It is the responsibility of the emissions inspector to have both a current valid emissions inspector and a valid motor vehicle driver's or operator's license. The department will endeavor to notify inspectors prior to the expiration of their emissions inspector license.
3. Licenses shall be valid only for the person to whom they are issued.
4. Emissions inspector identification numbers and access codes are valid only for the person to whom they are issued. Emissions inspectors shall not provide access codes to anyone except department personnel upon request.
G. Upon notification of revocation, the inspector shall surrender to the department all licenses issued by the director. It is the responsibility of the emissions inspector to notify the department of the termination of a suspension period.
H. Emissions inspectors shall keep their current mailing address and place of employment on file with the department and must notify the department of any changes in employment or mailing address.
I. Emissions inspectors may perform emissions inspections at more than one permitted emission emissions inspection station after notification to the department and with the authorization of the emissions inspection station owners.
J. The provisions of this part apply to current license holders and applicants for initial, renewal, or reinstatement of licenses.
K. Requalification may be required at any time by the department based on the results of monitoring of the performance of the emissions inspector or based on changes in applicable vehicle emissions control or inspection technology. Inspectors may be required to complete instruction or testing to satisfy any deficiencies identified by the department and, if necessary, require demonstration of the inspector's ability to perform an emissions inspection at an emissions inspection station or referee facility. Failure to requalify within three months of notification shall result in expiration of the emissions inspector's licenses.
1. Preliminary inspection of the vehicle to determine whether to accept the vehicle for testing or reject it, as approved by the department and according to 9VAC5-91-420 C. If the vehicle is rejected, the results of such preliminary inspection shall be provided to the customer.
2. Advise the customer of the ability of the emissions inspection station to perform emissions related repairs including the availability of certified emissions repair technicians and necessary equipment. If the vehicle failed the test, inform the customer of their right to seek repairs elsewhere.
3. An agreement between the customer and the emissions inspection station, oral or written, that an emissions inspection will be performed and the requisite fee paid.
4. Determination of the type of emissions test required, ASM or two-speed idle test, or OBD system test for OBD vehicles. For certain OBD vehicles, the director may require an exhaust test (ASM or two-speed idle) in addition to the OBD system test if he conducts appropriate studies and determines that (i) the expected failure rate for exhaust testing for these certain vehicles would be greater than 5.0%, (ii) additional emission emissions reductions would be achieved, and (iii) the EPA acknowledges such emission emissions reduction benefits.
5. The inspection of emissions control equipment and an evaluation for the presence of visible smoke.
6. The test of exhaust emissions levels, or the vehicle's on-board diagnostic system if applicable, using a certified analyzer system.
7. The distribution of documents and emissions inspection results. The emissions inspector shall sign each motor vehicle emissions inspection report for each emissions inspection performed by that inspector. The inspector's identification number or the inspector's signature, or both, shall be an endorsement that all aspects of the emissions inspection were performed by the inspector in accordance with this chapter.
8. Advise customers of emissions inspection results, options for waiver if applicable, and the obligation of the station to perform a free retest within 14 days for failed vehicles and the conditions placed on the motorist in regard to free retests.
9. Conduct free retest, if necessary, within 14 days of a chargeable initial test.
B. The emissions inspection station may charge a fee not to exceed the amount specified in § 46.2-1182 of the Code of Virginia.
9VAC5-91-420. Inspection procedure; rejection, pass, fail, waiver.
A. All aspects of the inspection shall be performed by an emissions inspector, using the instructions programmed in the certified analyzer system and procedures approved by the department, within the designated inspection area, and on the permitted premises.
B. The emissions inspection station shall notify the customer prior to initiating an emissions inspection that the emissions inspection station is either able or unable to perform the emissions-related repairs required by 9VAC5-91-480 for that particular vehicle should that vehicle fail the inspection. The emissions inspector shall not conduct an inspection on a motor vehicle unless the customer gives approval after being so notified.
C. The emissions inspector shall not conduct an inspection on a motor vehicle if the vehicle is in an unsafe condition for testing according to the following conditions. The customer shall be informed of any such condition.
1. The vehicle shall not have holes or detectable leaks in the exhaust system. The inspector may check the system for leaks by listening or visually inspecting for such leaks or by measuring carbon dioxide. The presence of leaks shall cause the vehicle to be rejected from testing.
2. The motor vehicle shall be evaluated for the presence of visible smoke emissions. Those vehicles exhibiting any visible smoke emissions from the engine crankcase or exhaust system or both, shall be rejected from testing.
3. The vehicle shall not have any mechanical problems, such as engine, brake, or transmission problems or engine, radiator, or transmission fluid leaks that would create a safety hazard for the applicable test, or bias test results. Such conditions shall cause the vehicle to be rejected from testing.
4. For vehicles receiving a test while operating on a dynamometer, the vehicle shall be rejected from testing if drive wheel tire tread wear indicators, tire cords, bubbles, cuts, or other damage are visible. Such vehicles shall be rejected from testing if space-saver spare tires are being used on a drive axle or if they do not have reasonably sized tires on the drive axle or axles based on dynamometer manufacturer safety criteria or if the set of tires is a mixture of radial and bias ply. Vehicles may be rejected if they have different sized tires on the drive axle or axles. Drive wheel tires shall be checked for appropriate tire pressure and adjusted as necessary as recommended by the tire or vehicle manufacturer.
5. The vehicle shall be rejected from testing if the fuel filler cap (gas cap) is missing.
6. The vehicle shall be rejected from testing if a known, emissions-related, manufacturers recall has not been satisfied according to Part XI (9VAC5-91-720 et seq.).
7. Vehicles that are overheated shall be rejected from testing. Vehicles that indicate that an overheated condition will be achieved during testing may be rejected from testing at the discretion of the inspector.
a. The OBD data link cannot be accessed physically or electronically.
(1) For model year 1996 through 2000, three or more monitors indicate "not ready."
(2) For model year 2001 and newer, two or more monitors indicate "not ready."
(3) For vehicles that failed the emissions inspection for a catalytic converter related fault code, and the catalyst monitor indicates "not ready" during a reinspection.
c. The catalyst monitor or oxygen sensor monitor, or both, are not supported, except for models exempt by the director.
d. The OBD system is unable to communicate successfully with the analyzer system.
e. The OBD system indicates evidence of tampering.
f. The director may adjust the number of "not ready" monitors required for rejection from testing for specific vehicle models based upon information from this program or other state programs, vehicle manufacturers, or the EPA.
1. For vehicles subject to exhaust emissions testing, the entire vehicle shall be in normal operating condition as indicated by a temperature gauge or touch test on the radiator hose. If ASM testing is performed, a cooling fan shall be directed at the engine cooling system if the ambient temperature exceeds 72°F.
2. The inspection shall be performed with the transmission in park or neutral for OBD testing or for two-speed idle testing, or in drive (if automatic), or the appropriate gear to achieve necessary RPM range (if manual) for ASM testing; and with all accessories off.
3. All electronic and mechanical testing equipment shall be properly attached according to vehicle and analyzer system manufacturer requirements and instructions.
4. For vehicles subject to exhaust emissions testing, the analyzer probe shall be properly inserted into the exhaust system.
a. The analyzer probe shall be inserted into the tailpipe as recommended by the gas analyzer manufacturer for a quality sample, or at least 10 inches if not specified by the manufacturer.
b. If a baffle or screen prevents probe insertion to an adequate depth, a suitable probe adapter or extension boot which effectively lengthens the tail pipe must be used.
c. If the vehicle is equipped with multiple unique exhaust outlets, a suitable analyzer system manufacturer recommended adapter or other apparatus shall be used in order to provide a single supply of the sample exhaust to the gas analyzer.
d. Vehicle exhaust shall be vented safely out of the inspection area and facility.
5. If the vehicle stops running or the engine stalls during the test it shall be started as soon as possible and, for vehicles subject to exhaust emissions testing, shall be running for at least 30 seconds prior to the restart of the test.
6. For vehicles subject to exhaust emissions testing, the exhaust test shall be terminated upon reaching the overall maximum test time for the applicable test, or if CO plus CO2 concentration falls below 6.0% as determined by the analyzer system.
7. Each emissions inspection, whether initial or retest, shall be conducted in its entirety with the exception of: (i) conditions which require that the vehicle be rejected from testing in accordance with subsection C of this section, (ii) invalid test conditions, or (iii) conditions beyond the emissions inspector's control that cause the test to be aborted.
1. The temperature of the inspection area shall be between 41°F and 110°F during the inspection. Inspection area temperatures shall be accurately measured in a well-ventilated location away from vehicle engine and exhaust heat sources and out of direct sunlight. The analyzer system shall not be operated when the temperature of the inspection area is not within the range stated above.
2. The analyzer system shall be kept in a stable environment which affords adequate protection from the weather and local sources of hydrocarbons or other pollutants that may interfere with gas analyzer performance or accuracy of test results, or both.
3. The electrical supply to the analyzer system shall be able to meet the manufacturer's requirements for voltage and frequency stability.
4. The inspection location shall meet all applicable zoning requirements.
5. The analyzer system shall be operated according to quality assurance procedures and other procedures approved by the department.
F. The emissions inspector shall accurately identify and enter vehicle information, visual component and visible smoke inspection results as applicable for vehicle emissions inspection records. The data entered into the certified analyzer system and recorded on the certificate of vehicle emissions inspection shall be the data from the vehicle being inspected and must be obtained from that vehicle.
1. An examination of the emissions control information decal (sticker) under the hood, reference manual, and applications guide to determine if the vehicle, as manufactured or certified for sale or use within the United States, should be equipped with a catalytic converter system, air injection system, fuel evaporative emissions control system, positive crankcase ventilation system, exhaust gas recirculation valve, on-board diagnostic system, or thermostatic air cleaner system, as appropriate.
a. The owner of the vehicle obtains a signed statement from the manufacturer's dealer or automotive parts source that supplies parts for the vehicle model indicating the nonavailability of such parts.
b. The statement submitted must be on letterhead or other official form or document and signed by an officer, owner or other responsible official of the automotive parts source.
c. The statement must identify the parts by description and part number and must indicate whether the parts are not currently stocked, have been superseded by other parts, or are out of production.
d. The department may conduct an independent investigation to locate any such parts or to verify the information on the statement prior to the issuance of any vehicle inspection report. The vehicle shall be held to all applicable inspection parameters, test type and standards or other conditions with the exception of the emissions control components and parts that have been verified as unavailable.
e. Any additional requirements to repair the vehicle to meet the applicable emissions standards or to qualify for an emissions inspection waiver under subsection M of this section shall apply.
f. If the department is able to determine that (i) the unavailable part, or parts, is the only method of controlling the emissions for which the vehicle has failed an emissions inspection or (ii) no other repairs will be effective in reducing such emissions, the department may issue a temporary waiver notwithstanding the provisions of subsection M of this section.
3. For OBD vehicles, an electronic inspection of the applicable on-board diagnostic (OBD) system according to manufacturer specifications and procedures approved by the EPA. The exhaust emissions test may also be performed on a limited basis as specified by the department for quality control or program evaluation purposes.
a. Emissions-related failure codes that cause the malfunction indicator lamp to be commanded "on" provided by OBD systems of OBD vehicles shall cause the vehicle to fail the emissions inspection. If testing equipment or visual inspection indicates that the malfunction indicator lamp is inoperable, the vehicle shall fail the emissions inspection. If the testing equipment indicates that the OBD system is in a "not ready" status, the vehicle shall be rejected from testing according to subdivision C 8 of this section.
b. Emissions-related failure codes that cause the malfunction indicator lamp to be commanded "on" as provided by OBD systems of light duty diesel powered vehicles of model years 1997 and newer shall cause the vehicle to fail the inspection. In addition, if the testing equipment or visual examination indicates that the malfunction indicator lamp is inoperable, the vehicle shall fail the emissions inspection. If the testing equipment indicates that the OBD system is in a "not ready" status, the vehicle shall be rejected from testing according to subdivision C 8 of this section. The director may increase or decrease the number of "not ready" monitors allowed based on an analysis of the program data, data from other state's programs and the EPA.
c. The department may exempt vehicle models or some classes of vehicles from OBD testing due to known OBD system problems or anomalies associated with such vehicles. If exempted from OBD testing, such vehicles shall receive the ASM or TSI test as applicable.
H. For vehicles otherwise subject to ASM testing based on model year and weight classification, the department may determine, due to complications identified in this or other state programs, or consultation with vehicle manufacturers, that certain vehicle makes or models shall be tested using the two-speed idle test in lieu of the ASM test or using a mixture of test modes such as an ASM 2525 coupled with an idle test.
I. For 1981 model year and newer vehicles with a GVWR up to and including 8,500 pounds, the exhaust emissions inspection procedure, if applicable, shall be an ASM, two-mode (ASM 5015 plus ASM 2525), loaded test, performed while the vehicle is operating on a dynamometer. The test shall be preceded by a 30-90 second preconditioning period, as determined by the department, using the ASM 2525 load simulation.
5. Vehicles which have some other configuration which has been determined by the department to interfere with proper ASM testing.
1. The motor vehicle meets the applicable emissions control systems inspection requirements.
2. For vehicles subject to exhaust emissions testing, the vehicle emissions levels are the same as or less than the applicable exhaust emission standards in Part III (9VAC5-91-160 et seq.) and Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.), as applicable; or for vehicles subject to OBD, the vehicle passes the OBD test and exhaust emissions test, if applicable.
3. There are no visible smoke emissions from the vehicle engine crankcase or tail pipe, or both.
L. If the vehicle fails the initial emissions inspection, a certificate of emissions inspection and a motor vehicle inspection report shall be issued indicating a failure, and the owner shall have 14 days in which to have repairs or adjustments made and return the vehicle to the emissions inspection station which performed the initial inspection for one free reinspection.
1. The vehicle passes the emissions control systems inspection described by subsection G of this section if applicable.
2. There are no visible smoke emissions from the vehicle engine crankcase or exhaust system, or both.
3. The vehicle continues to exceed applicable emissions standards after emissions related repairs required by 9VAC5-91-480 have been performed.
c. The repair work was performed no earlier than 60 days prior to the initial inspection.
N. The repair cost requirements for waiver eligibility for the enhanced emissions inspection program shall be $450 adjusted to reflect the increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and adjusted annually thereafter, as described at 40 CFR 51.360(a)(7) and § 46.2-1181 C of the Code of Virginia.
O. A waiver shall not be issued for a vehicle which is eligible for the emissions control systems performance warranty, under the provisions of § 207(b) of the federal Clean Air Act. In accordance with the provisions of § 207(b) of the federal Clean Air Act, the repair costs necessary for compliance with emissions standards specified in Part III (9VAC5-91-160 et seq.) and Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.) will be borne by the vehicle manufacturer or authorized dealer representative.
P. The analyzer system shall generate an electronic record of the certificate of emissions inspection and transmit the appropriate data to the department and the emissions inspector shall make distribution of the vehicle inspection report to the customer.
Q. The customer shall be advised as specified below upon completion or termination of the inspection procedure.
1. If the test is terminated prior to completion, explain the problem with the vehicle or equipment and, if applicable, advise of free retest and time limit.
2. If the vehicle passes or receives a waiver, provide a motor vehicle inspection report and advise motorist of registration requirement and process, including the process to be used in case of interruption of the electronic data transfer system.
e. Advise of waiver requirements, if applicable.
R. In cases of complaints or disputes between the emissions inspector or emissions inspection station and the customer, the customer shall be advised of the location and phone number of a department representative to be contacted to obtain assistance in resolving disputes.
A. The ASM equipment shall be in proper operating condition according to the manufacturer's instructions prior to initiating a test.
1. The vehicle shall be maneuvered onto the dynamometer with the drive wheels positioned on the dynamometer rolls. Prior to test initiation, the rolls shall be rotated until the vehicle laterally stabilizes on the dynamometer. Vehicles that cannot be stabilized on the dynamometer shall be rejected from testing. Drive wheel tires shall be dried if necessary to prevent slippage.
a. Vehicles that are also required to receive OBD testing shall be connected to the appropriate test equipment and vehicle and analyzer system manufacturer instructions.
b. The OBD test, if applicable, shall be performed prior to the ASM test.
3. When ambient temperatures exceed 72°F, testing shall not begin until the cooling fan is positioned and activated. The cooling fan shall be positioned to direct air to the vehicle cooling system, but shall not be directed at the catalytic converter.
4. Testing shall not begin until the vehicle is properly restrained for ASM testing.
5. Testing shall not begin until the exhaust ventilation system is properly functioning and attached or positioned as necessary.
6. To ensure that the motor vehicle and the dynamometer are in a warmed-up condition prior to official testing, a 30-90 second preconditioning, as determined by the department, shall be performed using the ASM 2525 load simulation.
7. Prior to each test or mode of a test, the analyzer system shall automatically select the load setting of the dynamometer.
8. Engine speed shall be monitored by means of an RPM sensor and recorded in the test record.
B. The test sequence shall consist of first chance and, if applicable, second chance tests in both ASM modes described in this section. Vehicles that fail the first chance test as described within 150% of the standard shall receive a second chance test. The department may increase this percentage to 200% when interim or final standards take effect according to 9VAC5-91-170 B. The second chance test shall consist of a repetition of the mode or modes that were failed in the first chance test. The department may eliminate the need to do a second chance test if the vehicle has already failed an emission emissions component check.
C. The ASM 2525 mode timer shall start when the dynamometer speed (and corresponding power) are maintained at 25 ±1.0 miles per hour for five continuous seconds. If the acceleration simulation exceeds the tolerance specified by the analyzer system equipment manufacturer for more than five consecutive seconds after the mode timer is started, the test mode timer shall be reset. Should this happen a third time, the test shall be aborted and another started. The dynamometer shall apply the required torque load for 25.0 mph at any testing speed within the tolerance of 25 ±1.0 miles per hour (i.e., constant torque load over speed range). The torque tolerance shall be ±5.0% of the correct torque at 25 mph.
1. The analyzer system shall automatically select the proper load setting for the dynamometer and test standards, based on the Equivalent Test Weight (ETW) and the look-up table in Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.), using vehicle identification information.
2. If the dynamometer speed or torque falls outside the speed or torque tolerance for more than two consecutive seconds, or for more than five seconds total, the test mode time shall reset to zero and resume timing. The minimum mode length shall be 45 seconds. The maximum mode length shall be 90 seconds elapsed time.
3. During the 10 second period used for the pass/fail decision, dynamometer speed shall not fall more than 0.5 mph (absolute drop, not cumulative). If the speed at the end of the 10 second period is more than 0.5 mph less than the speed at the start of the 10 second period, testing shall continue until the speed stabilizes enough to meet this criterion.
a. The vehicle shall pass the ASM 2525 mode and the mode shall be immediately terminated if, at any point between an elapsed time of 30 seconds and 90 seconds, the 10 second running average measured values for each pollutant are simultaneously less than or equal to the applicable test standards described in Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.).
b. The vehicle shall fail the ASM 2525 mode and the mode shall be terminated if subdivision C 4 a of this section is not satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds.
5. Upon termination of the ASM 2525 mode, the vehicle and dynamometer shall immediately begin a transition to the speed required for the ASM 5015 mode. The dynamometer torque shall smoothly transition during the transition period and shall automatically reset to the load required for the ASM 5015 mode as specified in subdivision D 1 of this section.
D. The ASM 5015 mode timer shall start when the dynamometer speed (and corresponding power) are maintained at 15 ±1.0 miles per hour for five continuous seconds. If the acceleration simulation exceeds the tolerance specified by the analyzer system manufacturer for more than five consecutive seconds after the mode timer is started, the test mode timer shall be reset. Should this happen a third time, the test shall be aborted and another started. The dynamometer shall apply the required torque for 15.0 mph at any testing speed within the tolerance of 15 ±1.0 miles per hour (i.e., constant torque load over speed range). The torque tolerance shall be ±5.0% of the correct torque at 15 mph.
1. The analyzer system shall automatically select the proper load setting for the dynamometer and test standards, based on the ETW and the look-up table in Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.), using vehicle identification information.
2. If the dynamometer speed or torque falls outside the speed or torque tolerance for more than two consecutive seconds, or for more than five seconds total, the mode timer shall reset to zero and resume timing. The minimum mode length shall be 40 seconds. The maximum mode length shall be 90 seconds elapsed time.
a. The vehicle shall pass the ASM 5015 mode if, at any point between an elapsed time of 30 seconds and 90 seconds, the 10-second running average measured values for each pollutant are simultaneously less than or equal to the applicable test standards described in Part XIV (9VAC5-91-790 et seq.). If the vehicle passed the ASM 2525 mode, the ASM 5015 mode shall be terminated upon obtaining passing scores for all three pollutants.
b. The vehicle shall fail the first chance ASM 5015 mode if subdivision D 4 a of this section is not satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds.
1. If the vehicle fails the first-chance test, the test timer shall reset to zero and a second-chance test shall be performed, except as noted below. The second-chance test shall have an overall maximum test time of 145 seconds if one mode is repeated, an overall maximum time of 290 seconds if two modes are repeated.
2. If the vehicle failed only the ASM 2525 mode of the first chance test, then that mode shall be repeated upon completion of the first chance ASM 5015 mode. The repeated mode shall be performed as described in this section except that the provisions of subdivision C 5 of this section shall be omitted.
3. If the vehicle failed only the ASM 5015 mode of the first chance test, then the first chance ASM 5015 mode shall not end at 90 seconds but shall continue for up to 180 seconds.
4. If the vehicle failed both ASM 5015 and ASM 2525 modes of the first chance test, then the vehicle shall receive a second-chance test for the ASM 2525 mode immediately following the first chance ASM 5015 mode. If the vehicle fails the second-chance ASM 2525 mode, then the vehicle shall fail the test, otherwise the vehicle shall also receive a second-chance ASM 5015 mode test.
9VAC5-91-440. Two-speed idle test procedure.
A. The emissions inspection procedure shall be a two-speed idle test as specified in section (II) of Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 51, Subpart S.
1. The two-speed idle test shall consist of a test of the vehicle's exhaust emissions at idle and at 2500 rpm while the vehicle's gear selector is in neutral or park.
2. The idle test shall be administered after the 2500 rpm test. The tests shall be run consecutively.
3. The complete test shall consist of a first chance 2500 RPM mode test; followed by a first chance idle mode test. If either first chance mode fails, the first chance shall be followed by a preconditioning at 2500 RPM for up to three minutes and a second chance 2500 RPM mode test followed by a second chance idle mode. The department may eliminate the need to repeat a mode that passed the first chance test.
4. If the vehicle fails the first chance test, the second chance test and preconditioning shall be omitted if no exhaust hydrocarbon concentration less than 1800 ppm is detected within an elapsed time of 30 seconds. The department may eliminate the need to do a second chance test if the vehicle has already failed an emission emissions component check.
5. Motor vehicle manufacturers and the Environmental Protection Agency may issue special test instructions for specific vehicle models which shall be followed in lieu of the test procedures specified in this section if such instructions are provided through the administrator.
6. In order to pass the two-speed idle test, the vehicle's exhaust shall not exceed the standards listed in 9VAC5-91-160.
7. Vehicles which are required to receive OBD testing shall be connected to the appropriate test equipment according to vehicle and analyzer manufacturer instructions. The OBD test shall be performed prior to the two-speed idle test.
1. The vehicle transmission shall be in neutral or park and the parking brake applied; the engine shall be operating at curb idle and there shall not be any manipulation of the engine throttle mechanism.
2. The engine speed (RPM) shall be obtained and shall be between 400 and 1250 RPM for the duration of the test mode.
3. The pass/fail analysis shall begin after an elapsed time of 10 seconds.
4. The idle mode elapsed time shall be 30 seconds.
5. The exhaust concentrations shall be measured as percent carbon monoxide and parts per million hydrocarbons after stabilized readings are obtained and averaged over the last five seconds at the end of the idle test mode.
1. The vehicle transmission shall be in neutral or park.
2. The vehicle engine speed shall be increased from idle to between 2200 and 2800 RPM and maintained at that level.
3. If the engine speed varies outside the parameters of 2200 to 2800 RPM for more than two seconds during a sampling period, the 2500 RPM mode shall be invalid and the 2500 RPM test shall be restarted. If the engine speed varies outside such parameters for more than a cumulative total of 10 seconds, the 2500 RPM test mode shall be invalid and another initiated.
4. The pass/fail analysis shall begin after an elapsed time of 10 seconds.
5. The 2500 RPM mode elapsed time shall be 30 seconds.
6. The exhaust concentrations shall be measured as percent carbon monoxide and parts per million hydrocarbons after stabilized readings are obtained and averaged over the last five seconds at the end of the 2500 RPM test mode.
9VAC5-91-530. Emissions repair facility operations.
A. Emissions repair facilities shall maintain applicable repair and certification related records available for inspection and audit by the department any time during normal business hours for 12 months.
B. Emissions repair facilities shall employ at least one certified emissions repair technician during posted emissions repair station hours. Facilities shall immediately notify the department if repairs applicable toward a waiver are unable to be performed for any reason.
C. Emissions repair facility operations shall be conducted in accordance with applicable statutes and this chapter.
D. Emissions repair facilities shall provide emissions repair data and other such information related to repair effectiveness as required by the department in accordance with subsection A of this section for the purposes of emissions related repair performance monitoring. The facilities shall ensure that emissions repair data forms are (i) are properly and completely filled-out, (ii) are signed by the certified emissions repair technician employed by that facility who performed, supervised or approved the repairs, and (iii) are provided to the customer along with a receipt, invoice or repair order for the work performed.
E. No facility shall be represented as a certified emissions repair facility unless a valid certification has been issued for that facility by the director.
F. Emissions repair facilities shall cooperate with the department during the conduct of audits, investigations, and complaint resolutions.
G. Equipment, tools, and reference materials must be maintained in proper working order.
H. Emissions repair facilities shall maintain a file of the name, address, and identification number of all currently employed certified emissions repair technicians and shall provide such information to the department upon request.
I. Repairs to qualify toward the waiver cost threshold shall be conducted in accordance with 9VAC5-91-420 N, 9VAC5-91-480 C and 9VAC5-91-580 D.
9VAC5-91-540. Sign and certificate posting.
A. Emissions repair facilities performing emissions related repairs for the public shall post a sign approved or provided by the department designating the location as a certified vehicle emissions repair facility in a conspicuous location on the premises, in view of the public and approved by the department.
B. Emissions inspection station repair facility certificates shall be posted in a frame, in a conspicuous place on the permitted premises, within view of the public and approved by the department.
C. Emission Emissions repair facilities performing emissions related repairs for the public shall post all signs in a manner consistent with local sign ordinances or codes.
A. The on-road testing program shall conform, at a minimum, to the requirements of 40 CFR 51.371 and § 46.2-1178.1 of the Code of Virginia applicable to the program area in which it is employed.
B. The emissions standards for the on-road remote sensing program are the on-road high emitter emissions standards, the clean screen vehicle standards, or both.
C. The on-road testing program and clean screen program including the emissions standards applicable thereto shall apply to any affected motor vehicles registered or operated primarily in the program area.
3. On and after July 1, 2014, an on-road clean screen program shall be limited to no more than 30% of the motor vehicles described in subsection C of this section that are eligible for emissions inspection during the applicable 12-month period.
E. The on-road emissions inspector shall issue a clean screen vehicle notification to owners of affected motor vehicles that have met the clean screen emissions standards. The notification shall be issued in a timeframe compatible with the Virginia Division Department of Motor Vehicles vehicle registration renewal notification.
F. A motor vehicle owner who has received a clean screen vehicle notification may choose to meet the vehicle registration requirements of § 46.2-1183 of the Code of Virginia by participating in the clean screen program according to § 46.2-1178.1 E of the Code of Virginia.
G. The on-road emissions inspector performing on-road testing under this subsection may charge each motor vehicle owner who elects to participate in the on-road clean screen program an inspection fee in an amount as designated in § 46.2-1182 of the Code of Virginia.
H. The director may reduce the percentage of vehicles eligible to participate in the on-road clean screen program as is necessary to meet applicable air quality requirements under the federal Clean Air Act in accordance with § 46.2-1178 C of the Code of Virginia.
I. At the discretion of the director, the implementation or operation of the clean screen program may be suspended or revoked for failure to operate in accordance with the provisions of Article 22 (§ 46.2-1176 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of Title 46.2 of the Code of Virginia and the regulations adopted thereunder.
9VAC5-91-750. Operating procedures; violation of on-road high emitter standards.
A. Remote sensing equipment shall be operated in accordance with the remote sensing equipment manufacturers operating instructions and any contract or agreement between the department and the equipment operator.
B. Motor vehicles determined by remote sensing equipment to have exceeded on-road high emitter standards shall be considered to have violated such emissions standards.
1. Owners of such motor vehicles will be issued a notice of violation and shall be subject to the civil charges in 9VAC5-91-760 unless waived pursuant to this section.
2. Upon a determination by the department that a violation has occurred, motorists will be informed by the department or its representative of the failure to comply with emissions standards and of the dates, times, and places such remote sensing measurement occurred.
2. Within the 12 months prior to the violation, the vehicle had received an emissions inspection waiver.
D. The requirement for an emissions inspection or payment of civil charges, based on a remote sensing failure, may be waived by the department if the affected motor vehicle in question is, by virtue of its registration date, required to have an emissions inspection within three months of the date of the remote sensing measurement that indicates the vehicle has (i) exceeded the on-road high emitter emission standards; or (ii) has received a waiver within the 12 months prior to the violation.
E. For 1996 and newer model vehicles with OBD, the director may require that the vehicle pass an exhaust test (ASM or two-speed idle) in addition to the OBD system test.
F. Notice of violations Notices of violation and civil charges may be issued to any motorist no more than two times in any 365-day period for any one motor vehicle.
VA.R. Doc. No. R19-5545; Filed September 28, 2018, 2:25 p.m.

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