Source: https://ramsaystirling.com/image-maison-blanche-washington/
Timestamp: 2019-04-18 16:36:01+00:00

Document:
1 Early history 1.1 1789–1800 1.2 Architectural competition 1.3 Design influences 1.4 Construction 1.5 Architectural description 1.6 Naming conventions 2 Evolution of the White House 2.1 Early use, the 1814 fire, and rebuilding 2.
2 Overcrowding and building the West Wing 2.3 Truman reconstruction 2.4 Jacqueline Kennedy restoration 3 The White House since the Kennedy restoration 3.1 Layout and amenities 3.2 Executive Residence 3.
Like the English and Irish country houses it was modeled on, the White House was, from the start, open to the public until the early part of the 20th century. President Thomas Jefferson held an open house for his second inaugural in 1805, and many of the people at his swearing-in ceremony at the Capitol followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. Those open houses sometimes became rowdy: in 1829, President Andrew Jackson had to leave for a hotel when roughly 20,000 citizens celebrated his inauguration inside the White House. His aides ultimately had to lure the mob outside with washtubs filled with a potent cocktail of orange juice and whiskey. Even so, the practice continued until 1885, when newly elected Grover Cleveland arranged for a presidential review of the troops from a grandstand in front of the White House instead of the traditional open house. Jefferson also permitted public tours of his house, which have continued ever since, except during wartime, and began the tradition of annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. Those receptions ended in the early 1930s, although President Bill Clinton briefly revived the New Year’s Day open house in his first term.
President Washington visited Charleston, South Carolina in May 1791 on his “Southern Tour”, and saw the under-construction Charleston County Courthouse designed by Irish architect James Hoban. He is reputed to have met with Hoban then. The following year, he summoned the architect to Philadelphia and met with him in June 1792.
Kennedy showed her restoration of the White House to the public in a televised tour of the house on Valentine’s Day in 1962.
The original residence is in the center. Two colonnades—one on the east and one on the west—designed by Jefferson, now serve to connect the East and West Wings added later. The Executive Residence houses the president’s dwelling, as well as rooms for ceremonies and official entertaining. The State Floor of the residence building includes the East Room, Green Room, Blue Room, Red Room, State Dining Room, Family Dining Room, Cross Hall, Entrance Hall, and Grand Staircase. The Ground Floor is made up of the Diplomatic Reception Room, Map Room, China Room, Vermeil Room, Library, the main kitchen, and other offices. The second floor family residence includes the Yellow Oval Room, East and West Sitting Halls, the White House Master Bedroom, President’s Dining Room, the Treaty Room, Lincoln Bedroom and Queens’ Bedroom, as well as two additional bedrooms, a smaller kitchen, and a private dressing room. The third floor consists of the White House Solarium, Game Room, Linen Room, a Diet Kitchen, and another sitting room (previously used as President George W. Bush’s workout room).
In the fall of 1882 work was done on the main corridor, including tinting the walls pale olive and adding squares of gold leaf, and decorating the ceiling in gold and silver, and colorful traceries woven to spell “USA”. The Red Room was painted a dull Pomeranian red, and its ceiling was decorated with gold, silver, and copper stars and stripes of red, white, and blue. A fifty-foot jeweled Tiffany glass screen, supported by imitation marble columns, replaced the glass doors that separated the main corridor from the north vestibule.
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. and has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams in 1800. The term, “White House”, is often used as a metonym for the president and his advisers.
Fiche technique[modifier | modifier le code] Titre original : Olympus Has Fallen Titre français : La Chute de la Maison-Blanche Titre québécois : Assaut sur la Maison-Blanche Titre provisoire : White House Taken Réalisation : Antoine Fuqua Scénario : Katrin Benedikt et Creighton Rothenberger Direction artistique : Derek R.
Hill Décors : Karen Steward Costumes : Doug Hall Photographie : Conrad W. Hall Son : Steve C. Aaron Montage : John Refoua Musique : Trevor Morris Production : Gerard Butler, Antoine Fuqua, Ed Cathell III, Mark Gill et Alan Siegel Sociétés de production : Millennium Films, Nu Image, Sony Pictures Entertainment et West Coast Film Partners Sociétés de distribution : FilmDistrict, SND Budget : 70 000 000 USD Pays d’origine : États-Unis Langues originales : anglais, quelques dialogue en coréen Format : couleur – 35 mm – 2,35:1 Cinemascope- son Dolby numérique Genre : action, thriller Durée : 119 minutes Dates de sortie : France : 20 mars 2013 États-Unis, Canada : 22 mars 2013 France : Interdit aux moins de 12 ans lors de sa sortie en salles Distribution[modifier | modifier le code] Gerard Butler (V.
F. : Boris Rehlinger ; V. Q. : Daniel Picard) : Mike Banning, agent des Services secrets américains Aaron Eckhart (V. F. : Constantin Pappas ; V. Q. : Pierre Auger) : le président des États-Unis Benjamin Asher Morgan Freeman (V.
F. : Benoît Allemane ; V. Q. : Guy Nadon) : Allan Trumbull, président de la Chambre des représentants Angela Bassett (V. F. : Maïk Darah ; V. Q. : Claudine Chatel) : Lynne Jacobs, directrice des Services secrets américains Robert Forster (V.
F. : Frédéric Cerdal ; V. Q. : Jean-Marie Moncelet) : le général Edward Clegg, chef d’état-major de l’United States Army Cole Hauser (V. F. : Frédéric Popovic ; VQ : Pierre-Étienne Rouillard) : Roma, agent des Services secrets américains Finley Jacobsen (VQ : Godefroy Reding) : Connor Asher, le fils du président Phil Austin : Charlie Rodriguez, Vice-président des États-Unis James Ingersoll : l’amiral Joe Hoenig, chef d’État-major des armées Ashley Judd (V.
F. : Marjorie Frantz ; VQ : Natalie Hamel-Roy) : la Première dame Margaret Asher Melissa Leo (V.F. : Caroline Beaune ; V. Q. : Chantal Baril) : secrétaire à la Défense Ruth McMillan Dylan McDermott (V.
F. : Xavier Fagnon ; V. Q. : Thiéry Dubé) : Dave Forbes, ex-agent des Services secrets américains Radha Mitchell (V. F. : Rafaèle Moutier ; V. Q. : Camille Cyr-Desmarais) : Leah Banning Rick Yune (V.
F. : Stéphane Pouplard ; V. Q. : Maël Davan-Soulas) : Kang Yeonsak, leader des terroristes nord-coréens Malana Lea : Lim, hackeuse du groupe de Kang Sean O’Bryan (en) (VF : Thierry Kazazian ; VQ : Antoine Durand) : Ray Monroe, directeur adjoint de la NSA Keong Sim (V.
F. : Yann Guillemot ; VQ : Benoit Éthier) : Lee Tae-Woo, Premier ministre de la Corée du Sud Tory Kittles : Jones, agent des services secrets américains Elliott Grey (V. F. : Michel Voletti) : Assistant du FBI Han Soto : le Dr.
Guildes Source et légende : Version française (V. F.) sur AlloDoublage et Voxofilm Version québécoise (V. Q.) sur Doublage Québec Distinctions[modifier | modifier le code] Nominations[modifier | modifier le code] Washington D.
C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2013 : The Joe Barber Award for Best Portrayal of Washington DC Box-office[modifier | modifier le code] Pays / région Box-office Monde 161 025 640 $ États-Unis 98 925 640 $ Reste du monde 62 100 000 $ France 334 159 entrées Paris 105 995 entrées Budget du film : 70 000 000 $ Suites[modifier | modifier le code] Une suite, intitulée La Chute de Londres, est sortie aux États-Unis en 2016.
Le 26 octobre 2016, le site Deadline annonce qu’une troisième suite dont le tournage devrait commencer vers le milieu de l’année 2017 est en cours de préparation. Le titre annoncé est Angel Has Fallen.
Toujours produit par Millennium Films, ce long métrage sera à nouveau co-produit et joué par Gerard Butler  DVD / Blu-ray[modifier | modifier le code] Le film est sorti en DVD et Blu-ray le 8 novembre 2013 chez M6 Vidéo.
Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code] Annexes[modifier | modifier le code] Article connexe[modifier | modifier le code] White House Down Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code] (en) La Chute de la Maison-Blanche sur l’Internet Movie Database La Chute de la Maison-Blanche sur Allociné La Chute de la Maison-Blanche sur le site Ciné-ressources (Cinémathèque française) Portail des années 2010 Portail du cinéma américain Portail de Washington, D.
The White House and grounds cover just over 18 acres (about 7.3 hectares). Before the construction of the North Portico, most public events were entered from the South Lawn, which was graded and planted by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the North Lawn that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue. During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger greenhouses were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located. During this period, the North Lawn was planted with ornate carpet-style flowerbeds. The general layout of the White House grounds today is based on the 1935 design by Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. of the Olmsted Brothers firm, commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the Kennedy administration, the White House Rose Garden was redesigned by Rachel Lambert Mellon. The Rose Garden borders the West Colonnade. Bordering the East Colonnade is the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, which was begun by Jacqueline Kennedy but completed after her husband’s assassination. On the weekend of June 23, 2006, a century-old American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) tree on the north side of the building came down during one of the many storms amid intense flooding. Among the oldest trees on the grounds are several magnolias (Magnolia grandiflora) planted by Andrew Jackson, including the Jackson Magnolia, reportedly grown from a sprout taken from the favorite tree of Jackson’s recently deceased wife, the sprout planted after Jackson moved into the White House. The tree stood for over 200 years; but in 2017, having become too weak to stand on its own, it was decided it should be removed and replaced with one of its offspring. Michelle Obama planted the White House’s first organic garden and installed beehives on the South Lawn of the White House, which will supply organic produce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings.
The building was originally variously referred to as the “President’s Palace”, “Presidential Mansion”, or “President’s House”. The earliest evidence of the public calling it the “White House” was recorded in 1811. A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered, giving the building its namesake hue. The name “Executive Mansion” was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having “White House–Washington” engraved on the stationery in 1901. The current letterhead wording and arrangement “The White House” with the word “Washington” centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Although the structure was not completed until some years after the presidency of George Washington, there is speculation that the name of the traditional residence of the President of the United States may have derived from Martha Washington’s home, White House Plantation in Virginia, where the nation’s first President had courted the First Lady in the mid-18th century.
On July 16, 1792, the President met with the commissioners of the federal city to make his judgment in the architectural competition. His review is recorded as being brief, and he quickly selected Hoban’s submission.
References Bibliography Abbott, James A.; Rice, Elaine M. (1998). Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 0442025327. Further reading External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to White House.
Official website The White House Historical Association, with historical photos, online tours and exhibits, timelines, and facts President’s Park (White House) part of the National Park Service The White House Museum, a detailed online tour Detailed 3D computer model of White House and grounds Video tours: “White House Holiday Tour with Laura Bush”.
The president usually travels to and from the White House grounds via official motorcade or helicopter. The journey by helicopter was inaugurated in the 1950s when President Dwight D. Eisenhower began traveling on Marine One to and from his official residence.
La Chute de la Maison-Blanche ou Assaut sur la Maison-Blanche au Québec (titre original : Olympus Has Fallen) est un film d’action américain réalisé par Antoine Fuqua, sorti en 2013. C’est le premier opus de la saga La Chute de produite par Gerard Butler.
Categories: White HouseHouses completed in 1800Buildings of the United States government in Washington, D.C.Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.
C.Presidential residences in the United StatesPresidential residencesPalaces in the United StatesRebuilt buildings and structures in the United StatesReportedly haunted locations in Washington, D.C.Federal architecture in Washington, D.
C.Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.Presidential museums in Washington, D.C.Historic house museums in Washington, D.C.Neoclassical palacesBuildings and structures in the United States destroyed by arson1800 establishments in Washington, D.
During the Nixon Administration (1969–1974), First Lady Pat Nixon refurbished the Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, working with Clement Conger, the curator appointed by President Richard Nixon. Mrs. Nixon’s efforts brought more than 600 artifacts to the house, the largest acquisition by any administration. Her husband created the modern press briefing room over Franklin Roosevelt’s old swimming pool. Nixon also added a single-lane bowling alley to the White House basement.
Stéphane Boudin of the House of Jansen, a Paris interior-design firm that had been recognized worldwide, was employed by Jacqueline Kennedy to assist with the decoration. Different periods of the early republic and world history were selected as a theme for each room: the Federal style for the Green Room, French Empire for the Blue Room, American Empire for the Red Room, Louis XVI for the Yellow Oval Room, and Victorian for the President’s study, renamed the Treaty Room. Antique furniture was acquired, and decorative fabric and trim based on period documents was produced and installed. The Kennedy restoration resulted in a more authentic White House of grander stature, which recalled the French taste of Madison and Monroe. In the Diplomatic Reception Room, Mrs. Kennedy installed an antique “Vue de l’Amérique Nord” wallpaper which Zuber & Cie had designed in 1834. The wallpaper had hung previously on the walls of another mansion until 1961 when that house was demolished for a grocery store. Just before the demolition, the wallpaper was salvaged and sold to the White House.
Hoban’s Charleston County Courthouse, Charleston, South Carolina, 1790–92, was admired by Washington.
When Chester Arthur took office in 1881, he ordered renovations to the White House to take place as soon as the recently widowed Lucretia Garfield moved out. Arthur inspected the work almost nightly and made several suggestions. Louis Comfort Tiffany was asked to send selected designers to assist. Over twenty wagonloads of furniture and household items were removed from the building and sold at a public auction. All that was saved were bust portraits of John Adams and Martin Van Buren. A proposal was made to build a new residence south of the White House, but it failed to gain support.
Shortages, including material and labor, forced alterations to the earlier plan developed by French engineer Pierre Charles L’Enfant for a “palace” that was five times larger than the house that was eventually built. The finished structure contained only two main floors instead of the planned three, and a less costly brick served as a lining for the stone façades. When construction was finished, the porous sandstone walls were whitewashed with a mixture of lime, rice glue, casein, and lead, giving the house its familiar color and name.
Jefferson and Latrobe’s West Wing Colonnade, in this nineteenth-century engraved view, is now the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.
Third Presidential Mansion: President’s House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Occupied by Washington: November 1790 – March 1797. Occupied by Adams: March 1797 – May 1800.
Decades of poor maintenance, the construction of a fourth story attic during the Coolidge administration, and the addition of a second-floor balcony over the south portico for Harry S. Truman took a great toll on the brick and sandstone structure built around a timber frame. By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and to live across the street at Blair House from 1949 to 1951. The work, done by the firm of Philadelphia contractor John McShain, required the complete dismantling of the interior spaces, construction of a new load-bearing internal steel frame and the reconstruction of the original rooms within the new structure. The total cost of the renovations was about $5.7 million (US$54 million in 2018). Some modifications to the floor plan were made, the largest being the repositioning of the grand staircase to open into the Entrance Hall, rather than the Cross Hall. Central air conditioning was added, as well as two additional sub-basements providing space for workrooms, storage, and a bomb shelter. The Trumans moved back into the White House on March 27, 1952. While the house’s structure was kept intact by the Truman reconstruction, much of the new interior finishes were generic, and of little historic value. Much of the original plasterwork, some dating back to the 1814–1816 rebuilding, was too damaged to reinstall, as was the original robust Beaux Arts paneling in the East Room. President Truman had the original timber frame sawed into paneling; the walls of the Vermeil Room, Library, China Room, and Map Room on the ground floor of the main residence were paneled in wood from the timbers.
Franklin D. Roosevelt had Adams’s blessing carved into the mantel in the State Dining Room.
In February 1974, a stolen army helicopter landed without authorization on the White House’s grounds. Twenty years later, in 1994, a light plane flown by Frank Eugene Corder crashed on the White House grounds, and he died instantly.
The President’s House was a major feature of Pierre (Peter) Charles L’Enfant’s’ plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D.C. (see: L’Enfant Plan). The architect of the White House was chosen in a design competition which received nine proposals, including one submitted anonymously by Thomas Jefferson.
The July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morris’s city house at 190 High Street (now 524–30 Market Street) for Washington’s presidential residence.
General informationArchitectural styleNeoclassical, PalladianAddress1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NWWashington, D.C. 20500U.S.Coordinates38°53′52″N 77°02′11″W﻿ / ﻿38.8977°N 77.0365°W﻿ / 38.
The mansion’s southern façade is a combination of the Palladian and neoclassical styles of architecture. It is of three floors, all visible. The ground floor is rusticated in the Palladian fashion. At the center of the façade is a neoclassical projecting bow of three bays. The bow is flanked by five bays, the windows of which, as on the north façade, have alternating segmented and pointed pediments at first-floor level. The bow has a ground floor double staircase leading to an Ionic colonnaded loggia (with the Truman Balcony at second-floor level), known as the south portico. The more modern third floor is hidden by a balustraded parapet and plays no part in the composition of the façade.
Construction of the White House began with the laying of the cornerstone on October 13, 1792, although there was no formal ceremony. The main residence, as well as foundations of the house, were built largely by enslaved and free African-American laborers, as well as employed Europeans. Much of the other work on the house was performed by immigrants, many not yet with citizenship. The sandstone walls were erected by Scottish immigrants, employed by Hoban, as were the high-relief rose and garland decorations above the north entrance and the “fish scale” pattern beneath the pediments of the window hoods. There are conflicting claims as to where the sandstone used in the construction of the White House originated. Some reports suggest sandstone from the Croatian island of Brač (specifically the Pučišća querry whose stone was used to build the ancient Roman palace of Emperor Diocletian) was used in the original construction of the building, contrarily researchers believe limestone from the island was used in the 1902 renovations and not the original construction. Others suggest the original sandstone simply came from Aquia Creek in Stafford County, Virginia, as importing the stone would be too costly. The initial construction took place over a period of eight years, at a reported cost of $232,371.83 (equal to $3,350,711 today). Although not yet completed, the White House was ready for occupancy circa November 1, 1800.
Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson’s colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the residence’s load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800. On Saturday, November 1, 1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The President’s House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, while the unused presidential mansion became home to the University of Pennsylvania.
In 2003, the Bush administration reinstalled solar thermal heaters. These units are used to heat water for landscape maintenance personnel and for the presidential pool and spa. 167 solar photovoltaic grid-tied panels were installed at the same time on the roof of the maintenance facility. The changes were not publicized as a White House spokeswoman said the changes were an internal matter. The story was picked up by industry trade journals. In 2013, President Barack Obama had a set of solar panels installed on the roof of the White House, making it the first time solar power would be used for the president’s living quarters.
Dix-huit mois plus tard, une nouvelle crise secoue la péninsule coréenne et le président Asher reçoit le Premier ministre sud-coréen Lee Tae-woo. Au cours de leur entretien, une attaque aérienne se produit au-dessus de Washington, puis un commando terroriste nord-coréen – dont certains membres ont infiltré l’équipe du Premier ministre Lee tandis que d’autres étaient déguisés en touristes – parvient à prendre le contrôle de la Maison-Blanche.
After the fire, President James Madison resided in The Octagon House from 1814 to 1815, and then the Seven Buildings from 1815 to the end of his term. Meanwhile, both architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Hoban contributed to the design and oversight of the reconstruction, which lasted from 1815 until 1817. The south portico was constructed in 1824 during the James Monroe administration; the north portico was built six years later. Though Latrobe proposed similar porticos before the fire in 1814, both porticos were built as designed by Hoban. An elliptical portico at Château de Rastignac in La Bachellerie, France with nearly identical curved stairs is speculated as the source of inspiration due to its similarity with the South Portico, although this matter is one of great debate. Italian artisans, brought to Washington to help in constructing the U.S. Capitol, carved the decorative stonework on both porticos. Contrary to speculation, the North Portico was not modeled on a similar portico on another Dublin building, the Viceregal Lodge (now Áras an Uachtaráin, residence of the President of Ireland), for its portico postdates the White House porticos’ design. For the North Portico, a variation on the Ionic Order was devised incorporating a swag of roses between the volutes. This was done to link the new portico with the earlier carved roses above the entrance.
Adams lived in the house only briefly before Thomas Jefferson moved into the “pleasant country residence” in 1801. Despite his complaints that the house was too big (“big enough for two emperors, one pope, and the grand lama in the bargain”), Jefferson considered how the White House might be added to. With Benjamin Henry Latrobe, he helped lay out the design for the East and West Colonnades, small wings that help conceal the domestic operations of laundry, a stable and storage. Today, Jefferson’s colonnades link the residence with the East and West Wings.
Computers and the first laser printer were added during the Carter administration, and the use of computer technology was expanded during the Reagan administration. A Carter-era innovation, a set of solar water heating panels that were mounted on the roof of the White House, was removed during Reagan’s presidency. Redecorations were made to the private family quarters and maintenance was made to public areas during the Reagan years. The house was accredited as a museum in 1988.
The East Wing, which contains additional office space, was added to the White House in 1942. Among its uses, the East Wing has intermittently housed the offices and staff of the First Lady, and the White House Social Office. Rosalynn Carter, in 1977, was the first to place her personal office in the East Wing and to formally call it the “Office of the First Lady”. The East Wing was built during World War II in order to hide the construction of an underground bunker to be used in emergencies. The bunker has come to be known as the Presidential Emergency Operations Center.
However, in 1902 Theodore Roosevelt hired McKim, Mead & White to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building’s architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions. Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President’s large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.
The White House remained accessible in other ways; President Abraham Lincoln complained that he was constantly beleaguered by job seekers waiting to ask him for political appointments or other favors, or eccentric dispensers of advice like “General” Daniel Pratt, as he began the business day. Lincoln put up with the annoyance rather than risk alienating some associate or friend of a powerful politician or opinion maker.
The West Wing houses the President’s office (the Oval Office) and offices of his senior staff, with room for about 50 employees. It also includes the Cabinet Room, where the president conducts business meetings and where the Cabinet meets, as well as the White House Situation Room, James S. Brady Press Briefing Room, and Roosevelt Room. In 2007, work was completed on renovations of the press briefing room, adding fiber optic cables and LCD screens for the display of charts and graphs. The makeover took 11 months and cost of $8 million, out of which news outlets paid $2 million. In September 2010, a two-year project began on the West Wing, creating a multistory underground structure; this will be followed with additional renovation of the wing.
The building has classical inspiration sources, that could be found directly or indirectly in the Roman architect Vitruvius or in Andrea Palladio styles; Palladio being an Italian architect of the Renaissance which had a considerable influence on the Western architecture (Palladian architecture). The building Hoban designed is verifiably influenced by the upper floors of Leinster House, in Dublin, which later became the seat of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament). Several other Georgian-era Irish country houses have been suggested as sources of inspiration for the overall floor plan, details like the bow-fronted south front, and interior details like the former niches in the present Blue Room. These influences, though undocumented, are cited in the official White House guide, and in White House Historical Association publications. The first official White House guide, published in 1962, suggested a link between Hoban’s design for the South Portico and Château de Rastignac, a neoclassical country house located in La Bachellerie in the Dordogne region of France and designed by Mathurin Salat. Construction on the French house was initially started before 1789, interrupted by the French Revolution for twenty years and then finally built 1812–1817 (based on Salat’s pre-1789 design). The theoretical link between the two houses has been criticized because Hoban did not visit France. Supporters of a connection posit that Thomas Jefferson, during his tour of Bordeaux in 1789, viewed Salat’s architectural drawings (which were on-file at the College) at the École Spéciale d’Architecture (Bordeaux Architectural College). On his return to the U.S. he then shared the influence with Washington, Hoban, Monroe, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe.
Un soir de tempête de neige, le convoi présidentiel roule depuis Camp David quand un accident coûte la vie à la Première dame des États-Unis Maggie Asher. L’agent du Service secret Mike Banning, responsable de la sécurité du président Benjamin « Ben » Asher, est alors muté au département du Trésor.
Après avoir échoué à protéger le bâtiment, Banning pénètre dans la résidence présidentielle et se retrouve à devoir lutter seul contre les terroristes, qui souhaitent la réunification de la Corée sous la bannière du Nord et la destruction des États-Unis. Il est aidé à distance par le président de la Chambre des représentants Allan Trumbull et la directrice du Service secret Lynne Jacobs.
Out of respect for the historic character of the White House, no substantive architectural changes have been made to the house since the Truman renovation. Since the Kennedy restoration, every presidential family has made some changes to the private quarters of the White House, but the Committee for the Preservation of the White House must approve any modifications to the State Rooms. Charged with maintaining the historical integrity of the White House, the congressionally authorized committee works with each First Family—usually represented by the First Lady, the White House Curator, and the Chief Usher—to implement the family’s proposals for altering the house.

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