Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/302/623/
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 04:23:39+00:00

Document:
An ex-soldier, upon entering the National Home for Disabled Soldiers, situate in Massachusetts, contracted with its Board of Managers, pursuant to the Act of June 25, 1910, that, upon his death while a member of the Home, all of his personal property should become vested in the Board of Managers for the sole use and benefit of the post fund of the Home, subject to be reclaimed by any legatee or person entitled to take the same by inheritance at any time within five years after his death. He left no will.
1. The contract was valid and consistent with the law of Massachusetts. Notice to the heirs unnecessary. P. 302 U. S. 626.
2. That his bank deposits, not having been claimed by his next of kin within five years of his death, became the property of the Home. P. 302 U. S. 628.
Certiorari, post, p. 666, to review the reversal of a judgment, 15 F.Supp. 139, recovered by the United States in a suit against a trust company owing money on deposit to the credit of a deceased veteran, and against the administrator of his estate, and persons claiming to be his heirs at law and next of kin. The decree of the District Court required that the trust company pay the United States the amount of the fund and enjoined the individuals from asserting any claim to it.
Can the United States enforce a contract executed by an ex-soldier in order to obtain admission into the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, which contract provides that, upon the death of the veteran while a member of the Home, all his personal property shall pass to the Home subject to be reclaimed within five years by any legatee or person entitled to receive the property by inheritance?
"The said Thomas McGovern hereby agrees that, in event of his death while a member of the National Military Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, leaving no heirs at law or next of kin, all personal property owned by him at the time of his death, including money or choses in action held by him and not disposed of by will, whether such property be the proceeds of pensions or otherwise derived, shall vest in and become the property of said Board of Managers for the sole use and benefit of the post fund of said home, and that all personal property of the said Thomas McGovern shall upon his death, while a member at once pass to and vest in said Board of Managers, subject to be reclaimed by any legatee or person entitled to take the same by inheritance at any time within five years after the death of such member. . . ."
At the time of his admission into the Home, McGovern had savings deposits which were his personal property. September 17, 1928, while an inmate of the Home, he died intestate. His wife died in 1933, without knowledge of his death, and none of the daughters learned of his death until October 19, 1935. No claim to McGovern's property was filed with the Home within five years after his death.
(2) That the Act of June 25, 1910, [Footnote 3] authorizing the Home to make the contract with McGovern, is invalid.
1. There is no ambiguity in the contract or in the act which authorized it. No words in the contract indicate that the personal property should pass to the Home only in the absence of persons entitled to take by law. On the contrary, both the contract and the act evince a clear intent that the personal property of the veteran, when not claimed by heirs or legatees within five years after the veteran's death, should pass to the Home to be used to provide comforts and entertainment for its inmates.
"The measure [the Act of 1910] leaves the member free to dispose by will and safeguards to the legatees and heirs the right within five years to reclaim all the property that belonged to him at the time of his death. As to that, there is no ambiguity, and therefore nothing to construe."
(Italics added.) National Home v. Wood, 299 U. S. 211, 299 U. S. 216.
"it was, at most, but an attempt to make a future testamentary disposition of McGovern's property, when such a disposition could only be effected by will."
During the life of the veteran, his property was his own to dispose of as he desired; his was an "intent to make a more binding and irrevocable provision than a legacy could be," [Footnote 6] and a stipulation for notice to his heirs of the fact of his death was not required to make the provision valid. "Not until the ancestor dies is there any vested right in the heir." Jefferson v. Fink, 247 U. S. 288, 247 U. S. 294.
When McGovern entered this home, he was aged, without family ties, lonely, and physically incapacitated. There he received care, food, shelter, and companionship. He would have been privileged to remain in the Home even though, after admittance, he had chosen to make the members of his family the recipients of the money, by gift, by will, or by notifying them to claim his property after his death.
The claim of the government is based on a contract between the veteran and the Home. Nothing in the record indicates that the agreement was not fairly and voluntarily entered into between the parties, or that it was inequitable, unjust, or not upon valuable consideration. Both parties were competent to make the contract. This contract is valid and enforceable, and, since no claim was made by heirs or legatees within five years after his death, the veteran's personal property passed to the Home for the benefit of its inmates. The decree of the Court of Appeals is not in harmony with these views, and is reversed.
"Hereafter, the application of any person for membership in the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers and the admission of the applicant thereunder shall be and constitute a valid and binding contract between such applicant and the Board of Managers of said home that, on the death of said applicant while a member of such home, leaving no heirs at law nor next of kin, all personal property owned by said applicant at the time of his death, including money or choses in action held by him and not disposed of by will, whether such property be the proceeds of pensions or otherwise derived, shall vest in and become the property of said Board of Managers for the sole use and benefit of the post fund of said home, the proceeds to be disposed of and distributed among the several branches as may be ordered by said Board of Managers, and that all personal property of said applicant shall, upon his death while a member at once pass to and vest in said Board of Managers, subject to be reclaimed by any legatee or person entitled to take the same by inheritance at any time within five years after the death of such member. The Board of Managers is directed to so change the form of application for membership as to give reasonable notice of this provision to each applicant, and as to contain the consent of the applicant to accept membership upon the conditions herein provided."
"Contracts respecting the disposition of one's property after death are not uncommon." Murphy v. Murphy, 217 Mass. 233, 236, 104 N.E. 466, 467.
See also Holyoke National Bank v. Bailey, 273 Mass. 551, 174 N.E. 230; Ex parte Simons, 247 U. S. 231, 247 U. S. 239.
Krell v. Codman, 154 Mass. 454, 458, 28 N.E. 578.
See United States v. Bowen, 100 U. S. 508. Cf. Order of St. Benedict v. Steinhauser, 234 U. S. 640. See Digest of Poor Relief Laws of the Several States and Territories as of May 1, 1936, prepared by Robert C. Lowe and Staff, Legal Research Section, under the supervision of A. Ross Eckler, Coordinator of Special Inquiries, Division of Social Research, Works Progress Administration.

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