Source: http://ak.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.20170124_0000006.DAK.htm/qx
Timestamp: 2019-04-19 23:19:51+00:00

Document:
Before the Court at Docket 113 is Defendant Mikeylee Muna's First Amended Motion to Vacate or Set Aside Sentence. After the Court denied the Government's motion to stay,  the Government filed its opposition to the motion to vacate at Docket 117. Mr. Muna replied at Docket 123. Oral argument was not requested and was not necessary to the Court's determination of the motion.
On February 11, 2014, Mr. Muna was sentenced to 75 months of imprisonment following his guilty plea to two counts of Felon in Possession. The Court calculated a total offense level of 23 and a criminal history category of VI, which generated a Guideline range of 92 to 115 months. In the parties' plea agreement, the United States agreed to recommend a sentence at the low end of the Guideline range, with which the Court agreed. By agreement of the parties, the Court further reduced the sentence by 17 months for time sentenced by the state court for related conduct.
Mr. Muna's total base offense level had been enhanced, in part, because of a finding that Mr. Muna “committed  part of the instant offense subsequent to sustaining one felony conviction of  a crime of violence, ” pursuant to Sentencing Guidelines § 2K2.1(a)(4). The prior conviction at issue was Mr. Muna's 2012 conviction for assault in the third degree under Alaska Statute 11.41.220. In the parties' plea agreement, they agreed that Mr. Muna's 2012 conviction qualified as a crime of violence under § 2K2.1(2). Based on that agreement, at sentencing the Court did not determine whether the conviction came within the force or residual clause of the crime of violence definition provided by § 4B1.2(a)(1). Mr. Muna argues that the residual clause applies because “[AS § 11.41.220(a)(1)(A)] does not require the ‘use of force' [as the force clause requires] . . . and because the offense requires only a reckless mens rea [as the residual clause permits].” In its response, the Government does not address this issue. Therefore, the Court will assume that Mr. Muna's Guideline range depended on the validity of the residual clause as provided by § 4B1.2(a)(1).
In the current motion, Mr. Muna moves the Court to vacate or set aside his sentence. He asserts that, properly calculated, his total base offense level would be 17, generating a Guideline range of 51 to 63 months, less 17 months for the state sentence.He argues that this reduced Guideline range is warranted because his 2012 conviction cannot serve as a crime of violence predicate under the residual clause of § 4B1.2(a)(1) of the Guidelines following Johnson v. United States.
In Johnson, the Supreme Court held that the identically worded residual clause contained in the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) was unconstitutional under the void-for-vagueness doctrine. Then in Welch, the Supreme Court determined that Johnson announced a new substantive rule of constitutional law because “Johnson changed the substantive reach of the [ACCA], altering ‘the range of conduct or the class of persons that the [Act] punishes.'” Accordingly, the Court held that Johnson would apply retroactively to ACCA cases on collateral review. Mr. Muna now argues that Johnson's reasoning extends to the Guidelines and creates a substantive rule of constitutional law that has retroactive effect and can be applied to his collateral challenge.
The Court will first consider whether Mr. Muna's claim is procedurally barred, and will then address whether Johnson's reasoning applies retroactively to Guideline cases on collateral review.
A prisoner in custody pursuant to a sentence imposed by a federal court, who claims the right to be released on the ground that the sentence was imposed in violated of the Constitution or laws of the United States may move the sentencing court to vacate, set aside or correct the sentence. A court may grant relief if it finds that the petitioner's sentence violates the Constitution or laws of the United States.
The Government asserts that the collateral attack waiver in Mr. Muna's plea agreement bars the current motion. But a collateral-attack waiver does not apply “if the sentence violates the law.” Accordingly, if the Court finds that Mr. Muna's sentence violates the law, the waiver does not preclude Mr. Muna from collaterally attacking his sentence.
The Government does not contest that Mr. Muna sustained “actual prejudice.” Moreover, the Supreme Court has held that a sentence imposed pursuant to an incorrect Guideline range is typically sufficient to show a reasonable probability that the defendant sustained actual prejudice. Because the Government concedes that Johnson's reasoning extends to the Guidelines and because Mr. Muna's sentence was predicated on an incorrect Guidelines range, the Court finds that prejudice has been established in Mr. Muna's case.
As for cause, that Mr. Muna did not challenge the constitutionality of the Guidelines' residual clause at sentencing or on direct appeal is not dispositive. The default is excusable if the legal basis of the constitutional challenge was not reasonably available at the time. A claim would not be “reasonably available to counsel” if it is based on a Supreme Court “decision that explicitly overrule[d] one of [its] precedents.”Mr. Muna's default is thus excusable as Johnson “explicitly overruled” the holdings in Skyes v. United States and James v. United States. Accordingly, the Court finds that Mr. Muna's § 2255 motion is not procedurally barred.
A § 2255 motion is timely if filed within one year of “the date on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review.” Here, Johnson was decided on June 26, 2015 and Mr. Muna filed his motion on April 18, 2016,  rendering his motion timely only if Johnson's rationale applies retroactively to the Guidelines.

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