Source: http://jncasr.ac.in/publications.php?dept_id=&empid=338&yeartype=
Timestamp: 2019-04-22 06:48:17+00:00

Document:
P.Devi, A. Thakur, S.Chopra, N. Kaur, P.Kumar, N. Singh, M.Kumar, S.M. Shivaprasad and M.Nayak, Ultrasensitive and Selective Sensing of Selenium Using Nitrogen-Rich Ligand Interfaced Carbon Quantum Dots, Applied Materials and interfaces (ACS) 9,	13448 - 13456 (2017).
S Singh, R Pendurthi, M Khanuja, SS Islam, S Rajput and SM Shivaprasad, ; Copper-doped modified ZnO nanorods to tailor its light assisted charge transfer reactions exploited for photo-electrochemical and photo-catalytic application in environmental remediation, Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing 123,	184 (2017).
R Mukkabla, P Meduri, M Deepa, SM Shivaprasad and P Ghosal, ;Sulfur enriched carbon nanotubols with a Poly (3; 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) coating as cathodes for long-lasting Li-S batteries., Journal of Power Sources 342,	202 - 213 (2017).
M Deepa, M Salado, L Calio, S Kazim, SM Shivaprasad and S Ahmad, Cesium Power: Low Cs+ Levels Impart Stability to Perovskite Solar Cells, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19,	4069 - 4077 (2017).
SK Nayak, D Shamoon, J Ghatak and SM Shivaprasad, Nanostructuring GaN thin film for enhanced light emission and extraction, Physica Status Solidi (A) 214,	16003 (2016).
SK Nayak, M Gupta and SM Shivaprasad, GaN Nanowall Network: A new possible route to obtain efficient p-GaN and enhanced light extraction, cond-mat.mtrl-sci 1611,	10263 (2016).
A De and SM Shivaprasad, · Epitaxy phase separation and band-edge emission of spontaneously formed InGaN nanorods, Journal of Physics-D: Applied Physics 49,	355304 (2016).
A Sadhu, HG Salunke, SM Shivaprasad and S Bhattacharyya, · Extensive Parallelism between Crystal Parameters and Magnetic Phase Transitions of Unusually Ferromagnetic Praseodymium Manganite Nanoparticles, Inorganic Chemistry 55,	7903 - 7911 (2016).
M Tangi, A De, J Ghatak and SM Shivaprasad, Electron mobility of self-assembled and dislocation free InN nanorods grown on GaN nano wall network template, Journal of Applied Physics 119,	205701 (2016).
Mahesh Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Pooja Devi and SM Shivaprasad, Formation of low-dimensional GaN on trenched Si(5 5 12), probed by STM and XPS, Materials Research Express 3,	035010 (2016).
Praveen Kumar, Pooja Devi, Mahesh Kumar and S.M. Shivaprasad, Optimization of energy and fluence of N2+ ions in the conversion of Al2O3 surface into AlN at room temperature, , Appl. Surf. Sci. 361,	265 - 268 (2016).
Satish Shetty and S. M. Shivaprasad , Early stages of plasma induced nitridation of Si (111) surface and study of interfacial band alignment, J. Appl. Phys. 119,	055306 (2016).
Sharvani S, K Upadhayaya, Gayatri Kumari, Gayatri Kumari and S.M. Shivaprasad, Nano-morphology induced additional surface plasmon resonance enhancement of SERS sensitivity in Ag/GaN nanowall network, Nanotechnology 26,	465701 (2016).
Rambabu Sydam, Melepurath Deepa, S.M. Shivaprasad and A.K. Srivastava , A WO3–poly(butyl viologen) layer-by-layer film/ruthenium purple film based electrochromic device switching by 1 volt application, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 132,	148 - 161 (2015).
Singh, Vinod, Bodh Raj, Saurabh, PawanKUMAR, Khansaif and Shivaprasad Sonnada, Enhanced Hydrogenation Properties of Size Selected Pd-C Core-Shell Nanoparticles; Effect of Carbon Shell Thickness’, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 119,	14455 (2015).
Arpan De, M. Tangi and S.M. Shivaprasad, Pre-nitridation induced In incorporation in InxGa1-xN nanorods on Si(111) grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy, J. Appl. Phys. 118,	(2015).
Bhasker, H, Thakur, Varun, Shivaprasad, S and Dhar, Subhanrata , Quantum coherence of electrons in random networks of c-axis oriented wedge-shaped GaN nanowalls grown by molecular beam epitaxy, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48,	255302 - 255306 (2015).
Varun Thakur, Sanjay Kumar Nayak, K.K. Nagaraja and S.M. Shivaprasad, Surface modification induced photoluminescence enhancement of GaN nanowall network grown on c-sapphire, Electronic Materials Letters 11 ,	398 - 402 (2015).
Varun Thakur and S.M. Shivaprasad, Electronic structure of GaN nanowall network analysed by XPS, Appl. Surface Science 327,	389 - 393 (2015).
Arpan De, K. K. Nagaraja, Malli Tangi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Spontaneous growth of InxGa1-xN nanostructures directly on c-plane Sapphire by Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Materials Research Express 1(3),	35019 - 35025 (2014).
Vinay Venugopal , Kishor Upadhyaya, Kishore Kumar and S.M. Shivaprasad, Ion induced compositional changes and nanodroplet formation on GaN surface, Appl. Surface Science 315,	440 - 444 (2014).
H. P. Bhasker, Varun Thakur, Manoj Kesaria, S. M. Shivaprasad and S. Dhar, Transport and optical properties of c-axis oriented wedge shaped GaN nanowall network grown by molecular beam epitaxy, AIP Conference proceedings 1583,	252 - 254 (2014).
Praveen Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, R. Notzel and S.M. Shivaprasad, Nitrogen ion induced nitridation of Si(111) surface Energy and fluence dependence, Materials Chemistry and Physics 145,	274 - 277 (2014).
Satish Shetty, Jay Ghatak and S.M. Shivaprasad, Role of AlN intermediate layer in the morphological evolution of GaN nanorods grown on c-plane sapphire, Cryst. Engg. Commun 16,	3076 - 3081 (2014).
Satish Shetty, Jay Ghatak and S.M. Shivaprasad, Surface nitridation induced AlN nano-columnar growth on c-sapphire, Sol. State Commun. 180,	07 - 10 (2014).
M. Tangi, Jithesh K and S. M. Shivaprasad, Optical bandgap and near surface band bending in degenerate InN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy, J. Appl. Phys. 114,	153501 - 153506 (2013).
V. Thakur, M. Kesaria and S.M. Shivaprasad, Enhanced band edge luminescence from stress and defect free GaN nanowall network morphology, Sol. State Commun. 171 ,	08 - 13 (2013).
K.B. Subila, G.K. Kumar, S.M. Shivaprasad and K. George Thomas, Luminescence Properties of CdSe Quantum Dots: Role of Crystal Structure and Surface Composition, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2774 - 2779 (2013).
M. Tangi, Arpan De and S.M. Shivaprasad, Lowering of growth temperature of epitaxial Indium Nitride by Superlattice matched intermediate layer, Physica Status Solidi (A) 210 ,	2409 - 2415 (2013).
Praveen Kumar, Mahesh Kumar and S.M. Shivaprasad, Residual thermal desorption of Ga adatoms on trenched Si(5 5 12) surface, Appl. Surface Science 282 ,	348 - 350 (2013).
Satish Shetty, Manoj Kesaria, Jay Ghatak and S. M. Shivaprasad, The Origin of Shape, Orientation, and Structure of Spontaneously Formed Wurtzite GaN Nanorods on Cubic Si(001) Surface, Crystal Growth & Design 13,	2407 - 2412 (2013).
Jithesh K, Tangi M and S.M. Shivaprasad, In induced reconstructions of Si(1 1 1) as superlattice matched epitaxial templates for InN growth, Materials Research Bulletin 48,	256 - 259 (2013).
Mitra, J, Abraham, G, Kesaria, M, Bhal, S, Gupta, A, Shivaprasad, S. M, Viswanadham, C, S, Kulkarni, U.D and Dey, G.K, Role of substrate temperature in the pulsed laser deposition of zirconium oxide thin film, Materials Science Forum 710,	(2012).
D.L. Goroshkoa, K.N. Galkina, E.A. Chusovitina, N.G. Galkina, M. Kumar and S.M. Shivaprasad, An influence of Mg adsorption on the Si(5 5 12) substrate conductivity and surface morphology, Physics Procedia 23,	(2012).
K.N. Galkin, E.A. Chusovitin, M. Kumar, S.M. Shivaprasad, N.G. Galkin and D.L. Goroshko, The study of Si(5 5 12) cleaning in the ultra-high vacuum conditions, Physics Procedia 23,	(2012).
Manika Khanuja, B. R. Mehta and S.M. Shivaprasad, Two approaches for enhancing the hydrogenation properties of palladium: Metal nanoparticle and thin film over layers, Journal of Chemical Sciences 120 ,	(2012).
Sayan Bhattacharyya, Sajith Kurian, S.M. Shivaprasad and N. S. Gajbhiye, Synthesis and magnetic characterization of CoMoN2 nanoparticles, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12,	(2012).
S. Siddhanta, V. Thakur, C. Narayana and S.M. Shivaprasad, Universal Metal-Semiconductor Hybrid Nanostructured SERS Substrate for Biosensing, Applied Materials and interfaces (ACS) 4 ,	(2012).
Jithesh K., Tangi M. and Shivaprasad S.M., Effect of interfacial lattice mismatch on bulk carrier concentration and band gap of InN, J.App. Physics 112,	835211 - 835216 (2012).
Bhaskar H.P., Sain A., Dhar S., Kesaria M. and Shivaprasad S M., High electron mobility through the edge states in random networks of c-axis oriented wedge-shaped GaN nanowalls grown by molecular beam epitaxy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101,	131609 - 131613 (2012).
Kumar P., Tuteja M., Kesaria M., Waghmare U. V. and Shivaprasad S. M., Superstructure of self-aligned hexagonal GaN nanorods formed on nitrided Si(111) surface, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101,	131605 - 131608 (2012).
Tangi M., Jithesh K. and Shivaprasad S. M., Role of native defects in nitrogen flux dependent carrier concentration of InN films grown by MBE, J. Appl. Physics (2012). In Press.
Kulriya, P.K, Mehta, B.R, Agarwal, D.C, kumar,P and Shivaprasad, S. M, Giant enhancement in ferromagnetic properties of Pd nanoparticles induced by intentionally created defects, J.App. Physics 112,	014318 - 014322 (2012).
kumar,P, Tangi,M, Shetty, S, Kesaria, M and Shivaprasad, S. M, Growth of aligned wurtzite GaN nanorods on Si(111): Role of Silicon nitride intermediate layer, Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. 1411,	(2012).
kumar,P, Kumar, M and Shivaprasad, S. M, Ga induced 2D superstructural phase diagram on trenched Si(5 5 12) surface, Surface Science 606,	1045 - 1049 (2012).
Mitra, J, Abraham, G.J, Kesaria, M, Bhal, S, Gupta, A, Shivaprasad, S. M, Viswanadham, C.S, Kulkarni, U.D and Dey, G.K, Role of substrate temperature in the pulsed laser deposition of zirconium oxide thin film, Materials Science Forum 710,	757 - 762 (2012).
kumar,P, Kuyyalli, J, Kumar, M and Shivaprasad, S. M, A superstructural 2D-phase diagram for Ga on the Si(111)-7x7 system, Sol. State Commun. 151,	1758 - 1760 (2011).
Kesaria, M and Shivaprasad, S. M, Nitrogen flux induced GaN nanostructure nucleation at misfit dislocations on Al2O3(0001), Appl. Phys. Lett. 99,	143105 - 143109 (2011).
Kesaria, M, Shetty, S and Shivaprasad, S. M, Evidence for Dislocation Induced Spontaneous Formation of GaN Nanowalls and Nanocolumns on bare C-Plane Sapphire, Crystal Growth & Design 11,	4900 - 4904 (2011).
Kesaria, M, Shetty, S and Shivaprasad, S. M, Transformation of c-oriented nanowall network to a flat morphology in GaN films on c-plane sapphire, Materials Research Bulletin 46,	1811 - 1814 (2011).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Ga-induced restructuring of Si(5 5 12) − 2 × 1 reconstructed surface at room temperature, Surface Science 605,	1426 - 1430 (2011).
Jithesh K, Malleswararao tangi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Dependence of crystal orientation and bandgap on substrate temperature of molecular-beam epitaxy grown InN on bare Al2O3 (0001), J. Appl. Physics 109,	093513 - 093517 (2011).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar, Govind, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Adsorption kinetics of low-dimensional Ga structures on Si(5 5 12)-2x1 trenched templates, International Journal of Nanoscience 1-2,	117 - 120 (2011).
M. Kesaria, S. Shetty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Spontaneous formation of GaN nanostructures by molecular beam epitaxy, Journal of Crystal Growth 326,	191 - 194 (2011).
Konstantin N. Galkin, M. Kumar, S.M. Shivaprasad and Nikolay G. Galkin, The model of the magnesium silicide phase (2/3√3×2/3√3)-R30° on Si(111), Physics Procedia 11,	47 - 50 (2011).
Konstantin N. Galkin, M. Kumar, S.M. Shivaprasad and Nikolay G. Galkin, AES and EELS study of desorption of magnesium silicide films on Si(111), Physics Procedia 11,	51 - 53 (2011).
Chang Q Sun, Yan Wang, Yan Guang Nie, B R Mehta, M Khanuja,, S M Shivaprasad, Yi Sun, Ji Sheng Pan, L K Pan and Zhuo Sun , Interface quantum trap depression and charge polarization in the CuPd and AgPd bimetallic alloy catalysts, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2010).
Chang Q Sun, Yan Wang, Yan Guang Nie, B R Mehta, M Khanuja, S M Shivaprasad, Yi Sun, Ji Sheng Pan, L K Pan and Zhuo Sun, Interface quantum trap depression and charge polarization in the CuPd and AgPd bimetallic alloy catalysts, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (2010).
Praveen Kumar, Jithesh K and S. M. Shivaprasad, Ga induced superstructures as templates for lattice matched hetroepitaxial growth of GaN on Si(111) substrate, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97,	221913 - 221915 (2010).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar and S. M. Shivaprasad, (7x7) reconstruction as barrier for Schottky-barrier formation at the Ga/Si(111) interface, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97,	122105 - 122107 (2010).
Jithesh K, Govind, M. Kumar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Clustering and layering of In adatoms on low and high index silicon surfaces: A comparative study, Surface Science 604,	1972 - 1976 (2010).
Y Nie, Y. Wang, J. S. Pan, B. R. Mehta, m. Khanuja, S. M. Shivaprasad and C. Q. Sun, CuPd interface charge and energy quantum entrapment: A tight-binding and XPS investigation , Appl. Surface Science 257,	727 - 731 (2010).
AKS Chauhan, Govind and S. M. Shivaprasad, Adsorption/desorption kinetics of Na atoms on reconstructed Si (111)-7 x 7 surface, Thin Solid Films 519,	1012 - 1014 (2010).
H. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, S. Singh, N. C. Mehra, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Comparison of the properties of composition-tunable CdSe–ZnSe and ZnxCd1−xSe nanocrystallites: Single- and double-pot synthesis approach, Materials Chemistry and Physics 124,	670 - 675 (2010).
S. Bhattacharya, S. M. Shivaprasad and N. S. Gajbhiye, Variation of magnetic ordering in ε-Fe3N nanoparticles, Chemical Physics Letters 496,	122 - 125 (2010).
S. N. Sharma, H. Sharma, S. Singh, R. M. Mehra, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Single pot synthesis of composition tunable CdSe-ZnSe (core-shell) and ZnxCd1-xSe (ternary alloy) nanocrystals with high luminescence and stability, MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS 14,	62 - 65 (2010).
S. Bhattacharya, S. Kurian, S. M. Shivaprasad and N. S. Gajbhiye, Synthesis and magnetic characterization of CoMoN2 nanoparticles, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12,	1107 - 1112 (2010).
Govind, Praveen Kumar and S.M. Shivaprasad , Phase dependence of secondary electron emission at the Cs-Sb-Si (111) interface, American Institute of Physics ICTOPON (2009).
Q. S. Chang, Y. Wang, G. N. Yan, B. R. Mehta, M. Khanuja, S. M. Shivaprasad, Y. S. Pan and L. K.S. Zhuo, Interface quantum trap depression and charge polarization in the CuPd and AgPd bimetallic alloy catalysts, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 12,	3131 - 3134 (2009).
Praveen Kumar, S. Bhattachrya, Govind, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Nitrogen Ion Induced 2D-GaN Layer Formation of GaAs (001) Surface, J. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 9,	5659 - 5662 (2009).
Praveen Kumar, L. Nair, S. Bera and S. M. Shivaprasad, Epitaxial SiC formation induced by medium energy ions on Si(111) at room temperature, Appl. Surface Science 255,	6802 - 6805 (2009).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar, Govind, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, XPS investigation of ion beam induced conversion of GaAs(001) surface into GaN overlayer, Appl. Surface Science 256,	517 - 520 (2009).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Ga-induced superstructures on the Si(111)-7x7 surface, Appl. Surface Science 256,	480 - 484 (2009).
Praveen Kumar, M. Kumar, Govind, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Ion induced formation of Silicon nitride substrate and GaN overlayer growth at room temperature on Si (111) surface, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, USA 1202,	(2009).
Praveen Kumar, Govind and S. M. Shivaorasad, Phase dependence of secondary electron emission at the Cs-Sb-Si (111) interface, American Institute of Physics ICTOPON 7,	409 - 411 (2009).
Jithesh K, Govind, U. V. Waghmare and S. M. Shivaprasad, Experimental deduction of In/Si(1 1 1) 2D phase diagram and ab-initio DFT modeling of 2√3 phase, Appl. Surface Science 256,	348 - 351 (2009).
M. Kesaria, M. Kumar, Govind and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of Pb adatom flux rate on adlayer coverage for Stranski–Krastanov growth mode on Si(111)7×7 surface, Appl. Surface Science 256,	576 - 578 (2009).
M. Khanuja, H. Sharma, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, XPS depth-profile of the suboxide distribution at the native oxide/Ta interface, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 169,	41 - 44 (2009).
Govind, Jithesh K and S. M. Shivaprasad, In induced superstructural phases on Si(111) 7x7 reconstructed surfaces, J. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 9,	5417 - 5420 (2009).
P. Singh, S. M. Shivaprasad, M. Lal and M. Husain, Angle-dependent XPS analysis of silicon nitride film deposited on screen-printed crystalline silicon solar cell, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93,	19 - 24 (2009).
S. Singh, S. N. Sharma, Govind, S. M. Shivaprasad and M. Khan, Nanostructured porous silicon as functionalized material for biosensor application, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 20,	181 - 185 (2009).
O. S. Panwar, M. A. Kahn, M. Kumar, S. M. Shivaprasad, B. S. Satyanarayana, P. N. Dixit and R. Bhattacharya, Characterization of boron- and phosphorous-incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films deposited by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc process, Jap. J. Appl. Physics 48,	065501 - 065504 (2009).
M. Kumar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Magnesium induced superstructural changes in high index Si (5 5 12) surface: Formation of quasi one dimensional structures, J. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 9,	5637 - 5640 (2009).
H. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, U. Kumar, V. N. Singh, B. R. Mehta, G. Singh, S. M. Shivaprasad and R. Kakkar, Formation of water-soluble and biocompatible TOPO-capped CdSe quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 20,	(2009).
S. Singh, S. N. Sharma, Govind, S. M. Shivaprasad, M. Lal and A. Kan, Fabrication and chemical surface modification of nanoporous silicon for biosensing applications, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 89,	141 - 152 (2009).
Khanuja, Mehta, B.R and Shivaprasad. S.M, Geometric and electronic changes during interface alloy formation in Cu/Pd bimetal layers, Thin Solid Films 516,	(2008).
Govind, Mahesh Kumar, V.K. Paliwal and S.M. Shivaprasad, High temperature superstructural phases of Sb/Si(5 5 12) interface, Vacuum 82 ,	(2008).
S.N. Sharma, H. Sharma, G. Singh and S.M. Shivaprasad, Studies of interaction of amines with TOPO/TOP capped CdSe quantum dots: Role of crystallite size and oxidation potential, Materials Chemistry and Physics 110,	(2008).
Ahmed, J, Ramanujachary, K.V, Lofland, S.E., Furiato, A., Gupta, G, S.M. Shivaprasad and Ganguli, A.K., Bimetallic Cu-Ni nanoparticles of varying composition (CuNi3, CuNi, Cu3Ni), Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 331 ,	(2008).
Alqudami, A, Annapoorni, S, Govind and S.M. Shivaprasad, Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles prepared by electro-exploding wire technique, Journal of Nanoparticle Research (Springer) 10 ,	(2008).
Gajbhiye, N.S, Bhattacharyya, S. and S.M. Shivaprasad, Synthesis and characterization of ε-Fe3N/GaN, 54/46-composite nanowires, Materials Research Bulletin 43 ,	(2008).
Kumar, A., Khan, S.A, Kumar, M., Agarwal, D.C., Singh, F, Tripathi, A, Govind, S.M. Shivaprasad and Avasthi, D.K., Oxygen intake in ion irradiated fullerene films, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, (B) 266,	(2008).
Deepa, M., Srivastava, A.K., Sharma, S.N, Govind and S.M. Shivaprasad, Microstructural and electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide thin films produced by surfactant mediated electrodeposition, , Appl. Surf. Sci. 254 ,	2342 - 2352 (2008).
Panwar, , O.S. Khan, Mohd.A., Kumar, M., S.M. Shivaprasad, Satyanarayana, B.S., Dixit, P.N, Bhattacharyya, R. and Khan, M.Y., Effect of high substrate bias and hydrogen and nitrogen incorporation on filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon films, Thin Solid Films 516,	(2008).
I. Aruna, B.R. Mehta, L.K. Malhotra and S.M. Shivaprasad, Size dependence of core and valence binding energies in Pd nanoparticles: Interplay of quantum confinement and co-ordination reduction, Journal of Applied Physics 104,	64308 (2008).
S.N. Sharma, H. Sharma, G. Singh and S.M. Shivaprasad, Studies of interaction of amines with TOPO/TOP capped CdSe quantum dots: Role of crystallite size and oxidation potential, Materials Chemistry and Physics 110,	471 (2008).
Kumar. A, Singh.F, Govind, Shivaprasad S. M, Avasthi D. K and Pivin J. C, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray Auger electron spectroscopy studies of heavy ion irradiated C60 films, Applied Surface Science (2008). In Press.
Khanuja M, Mehta, B. R., Shivaprasad and S. M., Geometric and electronic changes during interface alloy formation in Cu/Pd bimetal layers., Thin Solid Films 516,	5435 (2008).
Sharma. H, Sharma. S. N, Kumar. U, Singh. V. N, Mehta. B. R, Singh. G, Shivaprasad. S. M and Kakkar. R, Formation of water-soluble and biocompatible TOPO-capped CdSe quantum dots with efficient photoluminescence, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2008). In Press.
Ghosh. S, Srivastava. P, Pandey. B, Saurav. M, Bharadwaj. P, Avasthi. D. K., Kabiraj. D and Shivaprasad. S.M, Study of ZnO and Ni-doped ZnO synthesized by atom beam sputtering technique, Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing 90,	765 (2008).
K. N. Galkin, S. A. Dotsenko, N. G. Galkin, M. Kumar, Govind and S. M. Shivaprasad, Optical and Electron Spectroscopy Study of Initial Stages of Room-Temperature Mg Film Growth on Si (111), Russian: Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, English: Semiconductors 42,	475 (2008).
A. Verma, N Karar, A. Bakshi, Harish Chander, S.M. Shivaprasad and S. A. Agnihotri, Structural, morphological and photoluminescence characteristics of sol-gel derived nano-phase CeO2 films deposited using citric acid, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 9,	(2007).
Babu. P. N, Govind. G, Shivaprasad. S. M and Bhat. K. N, Electrical and Reliability Studies of .Wet N2O. Tunnel Oxides Grown on Silicon for Flash Memory Applications, IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 7,	420 (2007).
Deepa. M, Srivastava. A. K, Lauterbach. S, Govind, Shivaprasad. S. M and Sood. K. N, Electro-optical response of tungsten oxide thin film nanostructures processed by a template-assisted electrodeposition route, Acta Materialia 55,	(2007).
V. N. Singh, B. R. Mehta, R. K. Joshi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Enhanced gas sensing properties of In2O3-Ag composite nanoparticle layers; electronic interaction, size and surface induced effects, Sensors and Actuators B Chemical 125,	482 (2007).
V. Sharma, M. Dhayal, Govind, S. M. Shivaprasad and S. C. Jain, Surface characterization of plasma treated and PEG grafted PDMS for micro-fluidic applications, Vacuum 81,	1094 (2007).
H. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Studies of optical and structural properties of CdSe/polymer nanocomposites: Evidence of charge transfer and photostability, Colloidal and Polymer Science 285,	1213 (2007).
H. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, S. Singh, R. Kishore, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Surface sensitive probe of the morphological and structural aspects of CdSe core-shell nanoparticle, Applied Surface Science 253,	5325 (2007).
K. N. Galkin, M. Kumar, Govind, S. M. Shivaprasad, V. V. Korobtsov and N. G. Galkin, A study of the temperature dependence of adsorption and silicidation kinetics at the Mg/Si interface, Thin Solid Films 515,	8192 (2007).
N. S. Gajbhiye, Sayan Bhattacharyya, S. M. Shivaprasad and J. Weissmuller, ynthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Interactions Study of e-Fe3N.CrN Nanorods, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7,	1836 (2007).
Himani Sharma, Shailesh. N. Sharma, Gurmeet Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of Oxidation Induced Surface State Formation on the Properties of Colloidal CdSe Quantum Dots, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7,	1953 (2007).
Manika Khanuja, Shubhra Kala, B. R. Mehta, Himani Sharma, S. M. Shivaprasad, B. Balamurgan, A. Maisels and F. E. Kruis, XPS and AFM Studies of Monodispersed Pb/PbO Core.Shell Nanostructures, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7,	2096 (2007).
M. Deepa, D. P. Singh, S. M. Shivaprasad and S. A. Agnihotri, A comparison of electrochromic properties of sol-gel derived amorphous and nanocrystalline tungsten oxide films, Current Applied Physics 7,	220 (2007).
Mahesh Kumar, Govind, V. K. Paliwal, A. G. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Formation of 1D-Nanowires and 2D Nanophases in Heteroepitaxy of Sb on High Index Si (5 5 12) Surface, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7,	1841 (2007).
A. Verma, N Karar, A. Bakshi, Harish Chander, S.M. Shivaprasad and S. A. Agnihotri, Structural, morphological and photoluminescence characteristics of sol-gel derived nano-phase CeO2 films deposited using citric acid, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 9,	(2006).
S. N. Sharma, H. Sharma, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Low energy ion induced effects on TOPO capped CdSe nanocrystals probed by XPS depth profiling and optical measurements, Technovation 26,	86 (2006).
Dilawar. N, Varandani. D, Pandey. V. P, Kumar. M, Shivaprasad. S. M, Sharma. P. K and Bandyopadhyay. A. K, Structural transition in nanostructured Eu2O3 under high pressures, J. of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 6,	105 (2006).
T. S. Sian, G. B. Reddy and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of microstructure and stoichiometry on absorption in Mg intercalated MoO3 thin films, Electrochemical & Solid State Letters 9,	(2006).
A. Verma, N. Karar, A. Bakshi, Harish Chander, S. M. Shivaprasad and S. A. Agnihotri, Structural, morphological and photoluminescence characteristics of sol-gel derived nano-phase CeO2 films deposited using citric acid, Journal of Nanoparticle Research (Springer) 9,	2007 (2006).
Mahesh Kumar, Govind, V. K. Paliwal and S. M. Shivaprasad, Adsorption induced faceting and superstructural phase diagram of the Sb/Si (5 5 12) interfac, Surface Science 600,	2745 (2006).
M. Deepa, A. G. Joshi, A. K. Srivastava, S. M. Shivaprasad and S. A. Agnihotri, Electrochromic Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Films by Sol-gel: Structure and Intercalation Properties, J. Electrochem. Society 153,	(2006).
H. Sharma, S. N. Sharma, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of precursor ratios of Cd:Se in CdSe nanoparticles on optical edge shifts and photoluminescence properties, Physica E 31,	180 (2006).
S. N. Sharma, H. Sharma, G. Singh and S. M. Shivaprasad, Low Energy Ion Induced effects on TOPO capped CdSe nanocrystals probed by XPS depth profiling and optical measurements, Nucl. Instr. & Methods B (Elsevier) 244,	86 (2006).
Mahesh Kumar, V. K. Paliwal, Govind and S. M. Shivaprasad, Kinetically controlled superstructural phases at the Sb/Si (5 5 12) interface, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, USA 891 (2006).
Amita Verma, Amish. G. Joshi, A. K. Bakshi, S. M. Shivaprasad and S.A. Agnihotri, Variations in the structural, optical and electrochemical properties of CeO2-TiO2 films as a function of TiO2 conten, Appl. Surface Science 252,	5131 (2006).
M. K. Sharma, V. K. Paliwal, A. G. Joshi, Govind and S. M. Shivaprasad, Formation of Sb sub-monolayer phases on high index Si(5 5 12) surfaces, Surface Science 596,	206 (2005).
A. K. Mann, D. Varandani, B. R. Mehta, L. K. Malhotra and S. M. Shivaprasad, Size-Induced Changes in Optical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of GaN Nanoparticles Deposited at Lower Substrate Temperatur, J. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 5,	1858 (2005).
B. S. Sahu, P. Srivastava, O. P. Agnihotri and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of low temperature oxidation on dielectric properties of mercury sensitized photo-deposited silicon nitride films, Journal of Non-crystalline Solids 351,	771 (2005).
S. Pal, S. M. Shivaprasad, Y. Aparna and B. R. Chakraborty, Phosphorous passivation of In0.53 Ga0.47As using MOVPE and characterization of Au-Ga2O3(Gd2O3)-In0.53Ga0.47As MIS capacitor, Applied Surface Science 245,	196 (2005).
P. Babu Dayal, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Synthesis of Cubic and Hexagonal CdTe Nanoparticles Dispersed in SiO2 Films: Role of oxygen during sintering, Jap. J. Appl. Physics 44,	8222 (2005).
V. K. Paliwal, Mahesh Kumar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Sb adsorption and desorption pathways on (2x1) and c(4x4) reconstructed Si(001) surface, Surface Science 585,	5358 (2005).
S. S. Tarsame, Reddy and S. M. Shivaprasad, Effect of Reduced States of Mo on Optical Absorption in Amorphous/ Polycrystalline MoO3 Thin Film, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 8,	(2005).
S. M. Shivaprasad, Mahesh Kumar, Amish. G. Joshi and V. K. Paliwal, Formation of antimony 1D-nanostructure on Si ( 5 5 12) surface, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, USA 862,	(2005).
I. Aruna, B. R. Mehta, L. K. Malhotra and S. M. Shivaprasad, Stability and hydrogenation of bare gadolinium nanoparticles, Advanced Functional Materials (Wiley) 15,	131 (2005).
B. Balamurugan, F. E. Kruis and S. M. Shivaprasad, Size-induced stability and structural transition in monodispersed indium nanoparticles, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86,	83102 (2005).
P. Babu Dayal, N. V. Rama Rao, B. R. Mehta, S. M. Shivaprasad and P. D. Paulson, Structural and optical properties of CdSe, CdTe and CdSeTe nanoparticles dispersed in SiO2 film, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 789,	(2004).
I. Aruna, B. R. Mehta, L. K. Malhotra and S. M. Shivaprasad, A colour-neutral, Gd nanoparticle switchable mirror with improved optical contrast and response tim, Advanced Materials (Wiley) 16,	169 (2004).
N. Karar, Harish Chander and S. M. Shivaprasad, Enhancement of luminescent properties of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles by controlled ZnO caping, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85,	1 (2004).
T. S. Sian, G. B. Reddy and S. M. Shivaprasad, Study of Mg ion Intercalation in Polycrystalline MoO3 Thin Films, Jap. Jour. Appl. Phys. 43,	6248 (2004).
S. M. Shivaprasad, V. K. Paliwal and A. Chaudhuri, The evolution of the Sb/Si interface at room-temperature on the Si(111)-(7x7) and the Si(100)-(2x1) reconstructed surfaces, Applied Surface Science 237,	93 (2004).
Panwar. O. S, Aparna. Y, Shivaprasad. S. M, Khan. M. A, Satyanarayana. B. S and Bhattacharyya. R, XPS and XAES studies of as grown and nitrogen incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed unfiltered cathodic vacuum arc proces, Applied Surface Science 221,	392 (2004).
V. K. Paliwal and S. M. Shivaprasad, A phase diagram of the Sb/Si(001) interfacial system, Surface Science Lett. 561/2,	(2004).
B. Balamurugan, I. Aruna, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Size-dependent conductivity-type inversion in Cu2O nanoparticle, Physical Review B -(Rap.Comm.) 69,	165419 (2004).
K. Diva, Kabiraj, B. R. Chakraborty, S. M. Shivaprasad and D. K. Awasthi, SHI induced mixing at the V/Si interface, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, (B) 222,	169 (2004).
S.M. Shivaprasad, Aspects of Heteroepitaxial Growth, Physics at Surfaces and Interfaces, World Scientific, Singapore, Edited by B.N. Dev (2003).
O. S. Panwar, Y. Aparna, S. M. Shivaprasad, Alim Khan, B. S. Satyanarayana and R. Bhattacharyya, XPS and XAES studies of as grown and nitrogen incorporated tetrahedral and amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed unfiltered cathodic vacuum arc proces, , Appl. Surf. Sci. 221,	392 (2003).
V. K. Paliwal, A. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Sb induced (7x7) to (1x1) surface phase transformation of the Si(111) surface, Sol. State Commun. 127,	7 (2003).
V. K. Paliwal, A. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, A novel (8x4) structure as precursor to the c(4x4) phase during Sb/Si(001) desorptio, Surf. Sci. Lett. 540,	(2003).
B. S. Sahu, A. Kapoor, P. Srivastava and O. P. Agnihotri, Study of thermally grown and photo-CVD deposited silicon oxide-silicon nitride stack layer, Semicon. Sci. & Technol. 18,	670 (2003).
S. Pal, R. Mahapatra, S. K. Ray, B. R. Chakraborty, S. M. Shivaprasad, S. K. Lahiri and D. N. Bose, Microwave plasma oxidation of GaN, Thin Solid Films 425,	20 (2003).
B. Balamurugan, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Formation of copper carbide phase using nanoparticle route, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82,	115 (2003).
V. K. Paliwal, A. G. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Residual thermal desorption studies of the room temperature formed Sb/Si(111) interface, Phys. Rev. (B) 66,	245404 (2002).
V. K. Paliwal, A. G. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Formation of interfacial phases in the epitaxial growth of Sb on Si(111) 7x7 reconstructed surface, Pure & Appl. Chem. 74,	1651 (2002).
P. Babudayal, B. R. Mehta, Y. Aparna and S. M. Shivaprasad, Surface mediated structural transformation in CdTe nanaparticles dispersed in SiO2 thin films, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81,	4254 (2002).
S. N. Sharma, S. M. Shivaprasad, S. Kohli and A. C. Rastogi, Substrate temperature dependence of electrical conduction in nanocrystalline CdTe-TiO2 sputtered films, Pure Appl. Chem. 74,	1739 (2002).
V. K. Paliwal, A. G. Vedeshwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Observation of novel superstructures at low Sb coverages on Si(111)-7x7 surface, Surf. Sci. Lett. 513,	(2002).
B. Balamurugan, B. R. Mehta, D. K. Awasthi, F. Singh, A. K. Arora, T. Rajalakshmi, G. Ragavan, A. K. Tyagi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Tailoring the nanocrystalline characteristics: size, strucutre and surface states of Cu2O thin films using high energy heavy ion irradiation, J. Appl. Phys. 92,	1 (2002).
Chakraborty. B. R, Shivaprasad. S. M, Pal. S and Bose. D. N, Study of oxygen plasma treated GaN film using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4746 II,	1010 (2002).
Sharma. S. N, Kohli. S, Shivaprasad. S. M and Rastogi. A. C, Effect of density of CdTe nanoparticles on the structural and optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by Rf magnetron sputtering, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4746 II,	1425 (2002).
S. C. Jain, V. Dixit, V. K. Tanwar and S. M. Shivaprasad, Orientation of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals by Self-Assembled Bilayer Molecular Assembl, Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. 709,	(2002).
B. Balamurugan, B. R. Mehta and S. M. Shivaprasad, Surface-modified CuO layer in size-stabilized single-phase Cu2O nanoparticle, Applied Physics Letters 79,	3176 (2001).
B. R. Chakraborty, Pardeep Mohan, S. M. Shivaprasad, D. R. Sharma, C. Anandan, A. C. Gupta and A. K. Raychaudhuri, Surface analytical facility at NPL, New Delhi, Current Science 78,	1523 (2000).
Sandeep Singh, S. M. Shivaprasad and C. Anandan, AES investigation of annealing effects on the oxygen adsorbed Mn/Si(111) interface, Applied Surface Science 152,	213 (1999).
Sandeep Singh, S. M. Shivaprasad and C. Anandan, The Catalytic Role of Ultra-thin Mn Film in the Oxidation of Si(111) 7x7 surface, Applied Surface Science 136,	189 (1998).
S. M. Shivaprasad, Sandeep Singh and Y. Aparna, On the coverage and structure of the Ag/Si(.3x.3)-R30 surface phase, Solid State Communications 107,	257 (1998).
M. Shimomura, T. Abukawa, M. Higa, M. Nakamura, S. M. Shivaprasad, H. W. Yeom, S. Suzuki, S. Sato, J. Tani and S. Kono, The overlayer structure on the Si(001)-Ag surface determined by X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction, Rev. Surf. Sci. 5,	953 (1998).
S. M. Shivaprasad, S. Bera and Y. Aparna, The Epitaxial growth of Ag on Si(111)-(7x7) surface and its (.3x.3)-R30 surface phase transformation, Bull. of Mat. Sci. 21,	111 (1998).
V. H. S. Moorthy, V. S. Tomar, A. Das, R.Suryanarayanan and S.M. Shivaprasad, The low electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and autoionisation studies on Yttrium-Barrium-Copper-Oxide (YBCO) superconductor, Proc of the Mat. Res. Soc. Symposium (1996).
S. M. Shivaprasad, T. Abukawa, H. W. Yeom, M. Nakamura, S. Suzuki, S. Sato and S. Kono, Ag adsorption induced superstructures on Si(001) 2 x 1 surface studied by electron and photoelectron diffraction, Surface Science 344,	(1995).
S. Bera and S. M. Shivaprasad, Ag monolayer growth on Si(111) by observation of anisotropic x-ray photoelecton emission, Bull. of IVS 26,	45 (1995).
J. K. N. Sharma, Santanu Bera and S. M. Shivaprasad, Oxygen KVV Auger lineshape analysis for studying transition metal oxides, Bull. of IVS 25,	39 (1994).
S. Bera, S. M. Shivaprasad and J. K. N. Sharma, Observation of electron transfer in the silicidation and oxidation of Mo by AES and SEEL, Applied Surface Science 74,	13 (1994).
C. Z. Dong, S. M. Shivaprasad, K. J. Song and T. E. Madey, Surface structural changes in the Pt/W(111) system and its relation to CO chemisorption propertie, J. Chem. Phys. 99,	9172 (1993).
T. E. Madey, Jie Guan, C. Z. Dong and S. M. Shivaprasad, Morphological instabilities induced by ultra thin films on W(111), Surface Science 287/288,	826 (1993).
T. E. Madey, H. S. Tao, L. Nair, U. Diebold, S. M. Shivaprasad, A. L. Johnson, A. Paradzisz, N. D. Shinn, J.A. Yarmoff, V. Chakarian and D. Shuh, Structure and kinetics of electron beam damage in a chemisorbed monolayer : PF3 on Ru (0001, Springer Series in Surface Science 31,	182 (1993).
J.K.N. Sharma, B.R. Chakraborty and S.M. Shivaprasad, Study of the chemical bonding of Titanium with Si & O by AES and SEELS, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 50,	(1990).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Electron Stimulated Desorption of fluorine from BaF2 films deposited on Si substrate, J. Appl. Physics 68,	2489 (1990).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, The role of 3d-electrons in the formation of TiSi2 and TiO2 as studied by AES and SEELS, Vacuum 41,	31 (1990).
M. Jergel, S. Chromik, S. Benacka, V. Strobik, S. K. Agarwal, A. V. Narlikar, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, The Auger electron spectroscopy studies of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin film substate diffusion at interface, Weak superconductors (Ed. Benacka et al.) 37 (1990).
S. M. Shivaprasad, R. A. Demmin and T. E. Madey, Characterzation of ultrathin Pt overlayers deposited on W(110) surface, Thin Solid Films 163,	393 (1988).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Chemical shifts of Si and Ti in TiSi2 studied by AES, SEELS and IXPS, Journal of Vac. Sci. & Technol. 3120 (1988).
R. A. Demmin, S. M. Shivaprasad and T. E. Madey, Thermal Desorption studies of CO from the Pt/W/(110) system, Langmuir 4,	1104 (1988).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Deep level core electron energy loss studies on silicon surface using SEELS, Thin Solid Films 164,	27 (1988).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Deep level core electron energy loss studies on silicon surface, Surface Science 193,	(1988).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, Observation of ion induced chemically bonded states of Auger LVV peak on Si (111) surface., Journal of Materials Science Letters 6,	23 (1987).
J. K. N. Sharma, B. R. Chakraborty and S. M. Shivaprasad, AES studies of oxygen concentration on the surface of stoichiometric mixtures of V2O5, P2O5 and Bi2O3, Vac News 18,	23 (1987).
M. A. Angadi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Temperature dependence of resistivity of discontinuous manganese films, Journal of Materials Science Letters 5,	405 (1986).
M. A. Angadi and S. M. Shivaprasad, A new materials for the fabrication of thin film resistors, Journal of Material Science 3,	739 (1984).
M. A. Angadi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Some transport properties of Palladium films, Journal of Materials Science 19,	2396 (1984).
M. A. Angadi and S. M. Shivaprasad, Frequency response of effective DC resistance of thin Mn and Pd films, Journal of Materials Science Letters 2,	207 (1983).
S. M. Shivaprasad and M. A. Angadi, Thermoelectric power measurements in thin Palladium films, Journal of Material Science 1,	65 (1982).
S. M. Shivaprasad and M. A. Angadi, The effect of substrate temperature on the electrical properties of thin Mn films, Journal of Physics-D: Applied Physics 14,	1125 (1981).
S.M. Shivaprasad and M.A. Angadi, The effect of deposition rate on the electrical resistivity of thin Mn films, Journal of Physics-D: Applied Physics 13,	(1980).
S. M. Shivaprasad and M. A. Angadi, The effect of deposition rate on the electrical resistivity of thin Mn films, Journal of Physics-D: Applied Physics 13,	(1980).
S. M. Shivaprasad, M. A. Angadi and L. A. Udachan, Temperature coefficient of resistance of thin Mn films, Thin Solid Films 71,	(1980).
S. M. Shivaprasad, P. V. Ashrit and M. A. Angadi, Electrical properties of vacuum evaporated thin Mn films, Physica Status Solidi (A) 60,	(1980).
S. M. Shivaprasad and M. A. Angadi, Temperature coefficient of resistance of thin Pd films, Journal of Physics-D; Applied Physics 13,	(1980).
L. A. Udachan, S. M. Shivaprasad, P. V. Ashrit and M. A. Angadi, Elecrical resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance of vacuum evaporated thin Cr films, Physica Status Solidi (A) 60,	(1980).
P. V. Ashrit, S. M. Shivaprasad and M. A. Angadi, Electrical resistivity of thin Yttrium films, Thin Solid Films 72,	(1980).
S. M. Shivaprasad, L. A. Udachan and M. A. Angadi, Electrical Resistivity of thin palladium films, Physics Letters (A) 78,	187 (1980).

References: V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 

V. 

V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 

V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 

V. 

V. 

V. 

V. 

V. 

V. 
 V. 
 V. 

V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V. 
 V.