Source: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/215/144/
Timestamp: 2019-04-23 02:03:06+00:00

Document:
Where plaintiff bases his bill on the contention that, under the townsite law, 2387, Rev.Stat., the ascertainment of boundaries by official survey is a condition subsequent upon which the vesting of the equitable rights of the occupant depends, the construction of a law of the United States is involved, and, if passed on adversely by the state court, this Court has jurisdiction under § 709, Rev.Stat., to review the judgment.
The object of local legislation authorized by the townsite law, § 2387 Rev.Stat., is to consummate the grant of the government to the townsite occupants -- not to alter or diminish it -- and in this case, the construction by the state court of the territorial statute followed to the effect that the trustee and surveyor had no power to alter or diminish the holdings of bona fide occupants by laying out or widening streets.
in error as plaintiff and to the defendants in error as defendants.
"the light and air and view from all parts of the said D Street as the said building [plaintiff's building] is constructed necessarily ensue and benefit the said property materially, and are of great value to the plaintiff, and as is also the right of egress and ingress."
original survey and plat," and that plaintiff erected his building in accordance therewith, "covering the entire lot."
"that the same were in accordance with the use and occupation of the lands prior to the survey, and with the said survey and plat, as the same were and had been amended."
"ran through buildings then in the actual use and occupancy of the claimants of land, and cut off approximately four feet from the north end of buildings there standing and in actual use and occupation of bona fide claimants."
A decree was passed dismissing the suit, which was affirmed by the supreme court. 13 Idaho, 417.
under the agricultural preemption laws, it is lawful, in case such town be incorporated, for the corporate authorities thereof, and, if not incorporated, for the judge of the county court for the county in which such town is situated, to enter at the proper land office, and at the minimum price, the land so settled and occupied, in trust, for the several use and benefit of the occupants thereof, according to their respective interests; the execution of which trust, as to the disposal of the lots in such town, and the proceeds of the sales thereof, to be conducted under such regulations as may be prescribed by the legislative authority of the state or territory in which the same may be situated."
We have not recited, nor do we think that it is necessary to recite, all of the facts found by the lower courts. We may add to those which we have stated that the City of Lewiston was incorporated under the laws of the Territory of Washington, it then being within that territory, and was reincorporated by an act of the Legislature of Idaho in 1866, it then being within Idaho. The act defined the boundaries of the city. Levi Ankeny was mayor of the city in 1871, and on November 21 of that year he filed his declaratory statement No. 39 in the United States Land Office at Lewiston, proposing to enter the lands included within the borders of the city as incorporated, in trust for its inhabitants, claiming settlement in 1861. Cash entry was made for the lands June 6, 1874, by Henry W. Stainton, Mayor, in trust for the inhabitants.
"The legislature of the territory [we quote from the opinion of the supreme court of the state, 13 Idaho, p. 428], by an act approved January 8, 1873 (7 Sess.Laws, p. 16), provided for the survey, platting, and disposal of the land in the City of Lewiston pursuant to the United States statutes in regard to such matters. Said act provides that the mayor trustee shall cause to be made and filed in his office by a competent person a plat of the land within said city, divided into blocks and lots, and"
the United States, who may be entitled thereto, good and sufficient deeds of conveyance in fee simple, according to their respective rights."
"Under the provisions of said laws, one E. B. True was employed to survey and plat the lands in said town, and was commanded to adjust said plat so as to conform to the conditions of the improvements and the use and occupation of such lands by the settler, and the mayor was required to make and deliver to the bona fide occupants of such lands good and sufficient deeds of conveyance in fee simple, according to their respective interests, under the provisions of said law."
"It appears from the evidence in the case that said True made a plat of said town, including Block 24, in which block are the lots involved in this case, so as to make the lots about forty-six feet long, north and south, when, as a matter of fact, most, if not all, of the lots in that block, were fifty feet long, north and south, as indicated by the buildings and other improvements thereon."
"The question is fairly presented as to whether said True had any authority whatever to make said plat so as to interfere with and cut off a part of the buildings and improvements of the occupants of such lots. In other words, whether, under the law, a surveyor who is employed to plat such a townsite, after its entry by the proper officer, can widen a street, and, in doing so, can cut off a portion of the buildings and improvements of the lot owners bordering on such street."
"The city surveyor cannot make any portion of said lots a street by simply making a plat and indicating on such plat that said lots were only forty-five or forty-six feet in length."
"The mayor trustee had no judicial power in this matter; neither had the surveyor. The surveyor and mayor cannot dedicate to the public as a street parts of lots occupied and possessed by individuals."
"that the equitable right under the said laws of Congress vests upon a condition subsequent, which is that the owner of the equity must, within a reasonable time, have his right confirmed by the trustee upon an official survey ascertaining and settling its boundaries and nature, and that the laws of Congress require each townsite occupant to see to it that the official ascertainment is true and correct and satisfactory before accepting confirmation of his equitable rights from the mayor trustee."
It is hence insisted that a construction of the laws of Congress is involved. This contention, we think, is the basis of plaintiff's bill of complaint, and it seems also to have been passed on by the supreme court of the state. The court said: "The appellant [plaintiff in error here] rests his case here on the making and approval of said plat" (that is, the plat made by True), and the contention was discussed. We think therefore the motion to dismiss should be overruled.
"to make and deliver to the bona fide occupants of such portions of said lands described in said patent from the government of the United States, who may be entitled thereto, good and sufficient deeds of conveyance in fee simple, according to their respective rights."
"it must be kept in mind that Lewiston existed prior to the True survey. The settlers did not acquire their right under the plat nor by virtue of it. The survey and plat were made for them; they were not made for the survey and plat."
extend to provisions for the ascertainment of the nature and extent of the occupancy of different claimants of lots, and the execution and delivery to those found to be occupants in good faith of some official recognition of title, in the nature of a conveyance. But they could not authorize any diminution of the rights of the occupants when the extent of their occupancy was established. The entry was in trust for them, and nothing more was necessary than an official recognition of the extent of their occupancy. Under the authority conferred by the townsite act, the legislature could not change or close the streets, alleys, and blocks of the town by a new survey. Whatever power it may have had over them did not come from that act, but, if it existed at all, from the general grant of legislative power under the organic act of the territory."
See also Stringfellow v. Cain, 99 U. S. 610; Cofield v. McClelland, 16 Wall. 331; Hussey v. Smith, 99 U. S. 20. Many state cases are to the same effect, and may be found in the notes to § 2387 in United States federal Statutes Annotated, Vol. 6, pages 344 et seq.
Further discussion is unnecessary. Plaintiff's other contentions are either disposed of by the facts found by the state courts or do not present federal questions.

References: § 709
 § 2387
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 § 2387