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and biochemical physics and experimentation.
and reviews in biochemical sciences are reported.
• focuses on concepts above formal experimental techniques and theoretical methods.
of calculus, physics, and chemistry, but no prior knowledge of polymers.
and Machine Learning; and Management of Sustainable Development.
modification of polymers (including degradation and stabilization of polymers and composites–nanocomposites). He has published about 750 original papers and reviews as well as several monographs.
Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, is head of the Polymer Division at the N. M.
on the editorial boards of many international science journals.
and Cultures (CRDCSC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
solutions was investigated in the temperature interval 6–32°С. The activation parameters of the reaction were determined.
which limit the oxidation process.
kinetic laws of the ozone (O3) consumption, too.
vol. % of ozone. Double distilled water was used as a solvent.
initial concentration of PVA was changed slightly at that time.
ozone in the absence of PVA.
the bi-distilled water was placed into the cell instead of the aqueous solution of PVA. The initial ozone concentrations were (1.0÷5.3)×10–4 mol/L.
where [O3]0, [O3]t – initial and current concentrations of ozone (mol/L).
where θ = 2.303 RT kJ/mol.
which indicates the first order of the reaction by the polymer.
semilogarithmic anamorphoses; [PVA]0 = 1.3×10–2 mol/L, 17°С (1, 1′), 22°С (2, 2′).
temperatures: 6°С (1), 17°С (2), 22°С (3).
dependency of k’ = f ([PVA]0) (Table 1.2).
θ = 2.303 RT kJ/mol.
Federation in the sphere of scientific activity.
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(MMC) are obtained for antiglaucoma filtering surgery in ophthalmology.
in glaucoma operations for retention of drainage effect for a long time.
evolution of complications due toxic action of the drug.
only in acidic medium and cannot used in ophthalmology [10, 11].
hydrogel preparations on their base with an extended selection of MMC.
epichlorohydrin (EpCl) and by oxidation with sodium periodate.
received a modified hyaluronic acid.
comparison of integrated intensities of methyl protons of acetamidic fragment and triplet of CH2Cl-protons.
12 and 24 (DHA-24) hours at 25±0.1°C in the darkness. Not reacted periodate was inactivated by ethylene glycol addition. After dialysis of reaction mixture polymer was recovered and dried by lyophilization [13, 14].
comparison of integrated intensities of the methyl group protons of acetamidic fragment and the sum of proton signals of hydrated form of aldehyde in DHA.
solvent: acetate buffer, pH 4.5.
solvent: physiological solution (0.9% solution of NaCl in distilled water).
polysaccharide; 42.0 – the difference of molecular masses between acetylated and diacetylated of monosaccharide units; 1000 – multiplier of conversion of milliliters to liters.
in distilled water and dialyzed during 3 days. The purified product was precipitated by acetone and dried under vacuum up to constant weight [10, 16].
[η]=1.38×10–4M0.85 (for CTS in acetate buffer, pH=4.5) .
where F1/3P–1 – hydrodynamic invariant = 2.71×106.
where – ν specific partial polymer volume; ρ0 – density of solvent.
(pH=6.6) and 0.5 mL of 1% ninhydrin solution were added to each other.
in the modified chitosan, %; n(R-COOH) – the number of modified carboxyl groups in chitosan.
For hydrogel preparations solutions of modified polymers with different concentrations and MMC solution have poured. Solutions were thermostated at room temperature. The gelling time was assessed visually.
The diffusion of MMC out of gel in physiological solution was determined by means of UV-spectroscopy for maximum absorption at 364 nm.
group and amino groups, formed by HA deacetylation.
constants 7.0 and 8.0, respectively. The calculated degree of modification for MHA is 88%.
hydroxyl groups of HA are replaced with two aldehyde groups.
DHA-4 (4 hours) was 15%, and DHA-24 (24 hours) – 27%.
was introduced and in contrast to original CTS modified samples were dissolved in water and physiological solution.
for original and modified samples were defined by absolute methods.
sedimentation were determined and values of viscosity were calculated.
observed in case of modification of HA by sodium periodate (to 13,000).
were broken partially according to random law.
between the modified or unmodified HA and MMC in physiological solution (0.9% NaCl) was investigated.
water, [ММС] = [HA] = 6×10–5 mol/L.
electron spectrum of absorption at 217 nm.
complexation was indicated with to one disaccharide unit HA per one molecule of MMC. The constant of resistance is 3×105 L/mol.
series); (b) Saturation curve of complex HA-ММС (method of molar relationship).
2 hours at the temperature 25°C (1–6) and at the 55°C (7–10).
and after warming up in the area of 310 nm were observed. About disclosing of a cycle under the action of nucleophilic agents was shown in Refs.
in low field at 2.5 ppm (13C NMR).
constants of stability were defined (Table 2.3).
monosaccharide unit of CTS has one molecular of MMC.
and aminogroup of CTS (λ=364 nm) than in the interaction of aminogroups of MMC with hydroxyl groups of chitosan (λ=217 nm).
groups (aminogroups of MMC and carboxyl groups of MCTS).
(method of isomolecular series); (b) Curve of saturation for the complexes of (CTS-1)MMC (method of molar relationships).
acidic or alkaline region. These results agree with the data of work .
obtained hydrogel’s band in the region of 1725 cm–1, belonging to dialdehyde of HA.
The use of MCTS-3 instead of MCTS-2 is not lead to hydrogel’s formation, probably it has too high degree of modification (less aminogroups).
(Figure 2.5). A further selection of MMC occurs within a few months.
3 – in to the solution of DHA MMC was added, and then MCTS was poured.
sustainable hydrogels on their basis it is permeable to water phase.
necessary the medical use in ophthalmology.
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and reduction of the dielectric constant even below 1.5.
temperatures while maintaining their structural integrity and a good combination of chemical, physical and mechanical properties.
matrix is by treating with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) [13, 14].
chains and thus the penetration of CO2 molecules was hindered [15, 16].
the dielectric constant and gas transport parameters is evidenced.
calculated as under the assumption of free rotation by using the Eq. (1) .
the chain, a parameter which does not depend on the chain conformation.
Kuhn segment, as shown by Eq. (2).
of voluminous substituents are practically equal to the values found experimentally from hydrodynamic data .
volume (Vacs), fractional accessible volume (FAV).
FIGURE 3.1 The definition of dead volume.
the molecular weight of the repeating unit.
corresponding atoms, as shown in Figure 3.2.
FIGURE 3.2 View of the repeating unit with Van der Waals volumes of the atoms.
the macromolecules in 1 cm3 of polymer film.
the second heating run was assigned as the Tg of the respective polymers.
The precision of this method is ±7–10°C.
in these solvents, which for these polymers had low diffusion coefficients.
of the density measurements was 0.3–0.5%.
ensures the CO2 access to the reaction cell with the volume of 30 cm3.

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