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Tanya (cantante) - WikiVisually
(Reindirizzamento da Tanya (cantante))
Lara Saint Paul nome d'arte di Silvana Areggasc Savorelli (Asmara, 31 marzo 1945) è una cantante italiana, attiva dagli anni sessanta.
1.1.2 Discografica di sé stessa
Di madre eritrea e padre originario di Fusignano, città dove la cantante ha trascorso la sua infanzia, debuttò al Festival di Sanremo 1962 con il nome d'arte di Tanya, con la canzone I colori della felicità.
Il grande successo arrivò sempre a Sanremo nel 1968, quando cantò abbinata a Louis Armstrong Mi va di cantare.
Il periodo Polydor[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Il 1973 vede l'incontro artistico tra Lara Saint Paul ed il celebre arrangiatore-direttore d'orchestra americano Quincy Jones, col quale registra il singolo Non preoccuparti/Adesso ricomincerei. A tal proposito, sulla popolare rivista musicale Ciao 2001 venne pubblicata la seguente recensione di Fabrizio Cerqua:
"Un nuovo 45 giri di Lara Saint Paul che ce la presenta con una voce dolce e sussurrante messa in risalto dall'ottimo arrangiamento di Quincy Jones. Nella facciata A Non preoccuparti, che ci presenta Lara in una nuova veste che non avevamo sentito mai, con una maggiore determinazione ed una sicurezza strabiliante. Sul retro Adesso ricomincerei che è la versione italiana di "I'd Do It Again" di Shel Shapiro. Anche in questo motivo Lara Saint Paul sembra avere trovato la giusta misura con i tempi attuali."
Nella copertina interna dell'LP, vengono inoltre riportate le seguenti note:
Nel settembre del 1975, terminato il rapporto con la Polydor, Lara pubblica il singolo Ciao amore/Dai vieni con noi'' su etichetta United Artist, che ottiene successo soprattutto in Giappone, dove viene pubblicato con un retro differente dal titolo Geloso di me.
Il 1976 è caratterizzato da un intenso tour negli Stati Uniti ed in Sudamerica che vede Lara riprendere la promozione di Frammenti.
Discografica di sé stessa[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Nel 1982, sull'onda del successo del progetto Bravo, vede la luce il 33 giri Bravo 2, distribuito sempre dalla Lasapa, una seconda raccolta di alcuni successi del passato ri-arrangiati e reinterpretati, con l'aggiunta dell' inedito California US, una ballata pop composta dalla stessa Lara.
Si segnala tra gli altri, il brano Ohi Maria, che nel 1995 verrà campionata dagli Articolo 31 vincendo il Disco per l'estate di quell'anno, una versione disco di Romagna mia, una rivisitazione di Sempre di Gabriella Ferri e Golden Wings, una rivisitazione in chiave pop di Va, pensiero di Giuseppe Verdi.
Sempre nel 1982 incide la canzone L'amicizia è, che diviene la sigla di coda dela manifestazione musicale L'Ambrogino d'oro trasmesso da Rai 2 in diretta da Milano, che vede Lara anche nelle vesti di conduttrice per due stagioni consecutive, nel 1984 e nel 1985.
Nel 1983 è una delle soubrette che lanciano in Italia il fenomeno dell'aerobica con una serie di videocassette e libri e dischi dedicati.[1], pubblicando l'album Aerobic Dance, che vince il Disco d'Oro ed un premio al Festival Internazionale di Tokyo.
Nel 1988 Lara conduce i collegamenti dal Casinò di Sanremo nell'edizione del Festival di Sanremo| di quell'anno. Producendosi anche, durante la terza serata, nell'interpretazione di alcuni classici del passato, accompagnata al pianoforte dal maestro Memo Remigi.
Nello stesso anno viene distribuito a tiratura limitata il 45 giri Quick... Reaction satisfaction con sul retro il pezzo Singer man: entrambi i brani vengono firmati da Lara in collaborazione con Mark Harris, arrangiatore e compositore statunitense che a metà degli anni settanta aveva fatto parte dei Napoli Centrale (la band jazz fusion capitanata da James Senese) ed aveva collaborato successivamente con artisti quali Al Jarreau e Randy Crawford.
"Personaggio insolito, Lara Saint Paul: nel suo modo di cantare c' è il rigore della grande scuola americana. Timbrica e virtuosismi sono ineccepibili, l'intonazione è perfetta, l'accordo con l'orchestra totale. La Saint Paul domina i classici del repertorio internazionale con un mestiere che non è inferiore a quello di una Diana Ross. Ma queste sono doti che in Italia spesso una cantante deve farsi perdonare. Così mentre da noi la sua presenza in scena o nel mercato discografico è discontinua, all'estero le affidano le situazioni di maggior prestigio (gala, concerti nei casino), dove occorre un personaggio che artisticamente non faccia una grinza. Come ha dimostrato il recital tenuto l'altra sera al Nuovo, sponsorizzato dal Casino di Campione (a beneficio della Somalia), la Saint Paul, accanto al mestiere, ha un'incredibile modestia. Ed è proprio questo suo modo di essere a far sì che fra i suoi ammiratori ci siano Bill Conti, Quincy Jones, Frank Sinatra. Al Nuovo la Saint Paul si è destreggiata con abilità fra classici come "My funny Valentine", "The man I love", "C'est si bon", chicche come "Amore amore amore" o la spumeggiante versione originale di "Ol' Mac Donald has a farm" (in italiano è "Nella vecchia fattoria"). Per i bis ha eseguito "Summertime" e "Memories". Successo calorosissimo per Lara e per l'ottima band di Juliano Cavicchi. La Saint Paul terrà quattro concerti in Turchia (Istanbul, Ankara e Antalia), al Casino di Cascais in Spagna, due ad Amsterdam, quindi il consueto tour annuale in Giappone e in Corea."
Nel 1995, realizza un documentario sulla vita artistica di Luciano Pavarotti con la collaborazione del marito, dal titolo The Best is Yet to Come.[2]
Nel novembre 2002, Lara Saint Paul è ospite di Iva Zanicchi all'interno del programma "Ed io tra di voi", dove interpreta alcuni brani del repertorio di Frank Sinatra.
Il 24 giugno 2008, partecipa a La Notte della Solidarietà al PalaSharp di Milano, un concerto di beneficenza, a favore di Wopsec, un'organizzazione internazionale di medici e infermieri volontari con lo scopo di portare soccorso ai bambini poveri del mondo con affezioni chirurgiche, ma privi di assistenza sanitaria e ospedaliera e di svolgere attività di teaching, ossia di insegnamento specialistico ai medici locali[3].
Il 10 ottobre 2008, è ospite del programma I Migliori Anni su Rai 1.
Il 14 aprile 2013, ospite di Lorella Cuccarini a Domenica in, racconta le difficili condizioni economiche e familiari verificatesi in seguito alla morte del marito, il produttore discografico e impresario teatrale Pier Quinto Cariaggi[4].
Il 30 aprile 2014 negli studi di TRC, rete televisiva emiliana di Modena, è ospite del programma condotto da Andrea Barbi.
Il 1º dicembre 2014, il Consiglio dei Ministri, su proposta della Presidenza, ha deliberato la concessione a Silvana Areggasc Savorelli (in arte Lara Saint Paul) dell'assegno straordinario vitalizio previsto dalla Legge 440 dell'8 agosto 1985 ("Legge Bacchelli")[5].
Lara Saint Paul è stata amica di Frank Sinatra per quasi 26 anni[6]. Nel 1986 fu suo marito a organizzare il ritorno di Frank Sinatra in Italia, che proseguì nel 1987 per un intero tour.
« "Ho conosciuto Frank Sinatra nel 1972, dopo un concerto a Londra. Ero insieme a mio marito Pierquinto Cariaggi. Da un semplice incontro è nata un'amicizia che non è mai finita". Parla Lara Saint Paul, cantante, la migliore amica italiana di "The voice".[7] »
1968: Lara Saint Paul (CDI, CALP 2045)
1971: Lara Saint Paul - Festival di Sanremo
1972: Recital at the Festival the Golden Orpheus
1973: Lara Saint Paul (Polydor Records, 2448 018)
1974: Frammenti (Polydor Records)
1977: A song a love (Bulgaria)
1978: Saffo Music (Lasapa)
1981: Bravo 1 (Lasapa)
1982: Bravo 2 (Lasapa)
1983: Aerobic Dance (Lasapa, 35013)
1984: Bala Bala (Lasapa, 50 LSP 75015)
1993: L'intramontabile follia in concert (Fonit Cetra)
1961: Miracolo/Tu puoi (The Red Record, 10174; inciso con il nome d'arte Tanya)
1962: I colori della felicità/Il nostro amore (The Red Record, 10177; inciso con il nome d'arte Tanya)
1962: Un colpo di fulmine/Calypso twist (The Red Record, 10211; inciso con il nome d'arte Tanya)
1962: Un colpo di fulmine/Blues night (The Red Record, 10217; inciso con il nome d'arte Tanya)
1965: L'hawaiana/Il tuo nome (Ciao!Ragazzi, CR. 01003; inciso con il nome d'arte Tanja)
1967: Non lo so se tu mi vai/Tu non ci credi più (CDI, 2007)
1967: Te faje desidera'/Te faje desidera'[8] (CDI, 2008; con Anna German)
1967: Il pieno/Il pieno[9] (CDI, 2015; con i Romans)
1967: Fascination blues/Posso sbagliare (CDI, 2016)
1968: Mi va di cantare/Domenica pomeriggio (CDI, 2018)
1968: Il mio amore è lontano/The touch of a Kiss (CDI, 2020)
1968: Non credere mai/Sono ancora qui (CDI, 2021)
1968: Piango/Sono ancora qui (CDI, 2022)
1968: Il pieno/Te faje desidera' (CDI, 2023)
1968: Amore amore amore amore/Tu domani tornerai (CDI, 2024)
1968: Come Butterfly/Il mondo che tu vuoi (CDI, 2025)
1969: La canzone portafortuna/Non lo so (CDI, 2029)
1969: Vivo cantando/Un grande amore (CDI, 2030)
1969: Non lo so se tu mi vai/un grande amore (CDI, 2031)
1969: Che vita pazza/Adoro la vita (CDI, 2032)
1969: Summertime/Il mio amore è lontano (CDI, 2033)
1969: Dove volano i gabbiani/I lost a word (CDI, 2037)
1970: Le serenate del primo amore/Asciuga asciuga (CDI, 2039)
1971: Strano/Dove volano i gabbiani (Roman Record Company, RN 040)
1972: Se non fosse fra queste mie braccia, lo inventerei/La forza di non piangere (Polydor, 2060 030)
1973: Una casa grande/Quel che ho fatto io (Polydor)
1973: Non preoccuparti/Adesso ricomincerei (Polydor, 2060 056)
1973: Mi fai morir cantando/Sciocca che sei (Polydor)
1974: E già domani/La mia nave (Polydor)
1974: Rilassati e dimentica/Banco (Polydor)
1975: Ciao Amore/Dai vieni con noi (United Artists Records, UA 35860)
1976: So/Tremendous Stars (Easy Tempo, MET 101 12; lato B inciso da Piero Piccioni)
1977: Capirai/Fermiamoci un momento (Ducale, DUC 256)
1978: Come l'amore/Thank you (Lasapa)
1979: I feel so nice/I feel so nice remix (Lasapa)
1981: The woodpecker song (Lasapa)
1981: Mamma/Sonando for Jamaica (Lasapa)
1982: California US (Lasapa)
1982: L'amicizia/strumentale (Lasapa)
1983: L'aerobica siamo noi/Don't Be A Baby (Lasapa)
1988: Quick..reaction satisfaction/Singer man (Lasapa)
^ Saint Paul, Lara. (1984) Aerobica: il mio programma di aerobic dance, Milano: Idealibri, ISBN 88-7082-026-2, OCLC 219975437
^ Corriere della Sera Mario Luzzatto Fegiz, "Addio a Cariaggi, l'amico delle star," Corriere della Sera, 29 giugno, 1995. Pagina 37
^ Corriere della Sera Mario Luzzatto Fegiz, "Lara Saint Paul: con la sigaretta accesa fino alla fine." Corriere della Sera, 16 maggio, 1998. Pagina 4
^ Frase comparsa in lingua italiana sul Correre della Sera il 16 maggio 1998
Sito ufficiale, larasaintpaul.com.
Lara Saint Paul: La voce delle donne, lavocedelledonne.it.
VIAF: (EN) 91359335
Estratto da "https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lara_Saint_Paul&oldid=88145460"
Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 29 mag 2017 alle 10:24.
7. 1972 – Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. January 1 – Kurt Waldheim becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations, january 2 – Pierre Hotel Robbery, Six men rob the safe deposit boxes of The Pierre hotel in New York City for at least $4 million. January 3 – MGMs 1951 Show Boat is presented on television by NBC for the first time and this marks the first complete network telecast of any version of Show Boat. January 4 The first scientific calculator is introduced. Rose Heilbron becomes the first woman judge at the Old Bailey in London, january 5 – U. S. President Richard Nixon orders the development of a Space Shuttle program. January 7 Iberia Airlines Flight 602 crashes into a 462-meter peak on the island of Ibiza,104 are killed, Howard Hughes speaks to the press by telephone to denounce Clifford Irvings hoax biography of him. January 9 – The RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire in Hong Kong harbor, january 10 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to Bangladesh from Pakistan. January 13 – Prime Minister of Ghana Kofi Abrefa Busia is overthrown in a military coup, january 14 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark succeeds her father, King Frederick IX, on the throne of Denmark. January 19 – The Libertarian enclave Minerva on a platform in the South Pacific, sponsored by the Phoenix Foundation, soon neighboring Tonga annexes the area and dismantles the platform. January 20 President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto announces that Pakistan will immediately begin a nuclear weapons program, fears are growing about the economy of the United Kingdom, where unemployment is now exceeding 1 million for the first time since World War II. January 21 A New Delhi bootlegger sells wood alcohol to a party,100 die. Tripura, part of the former independent Twipra Kingdom, becomes a state of India. January 24 – Japanese soldier Shoichi Yokoi is discovered in Guam, january 25 – Shirley Chisholm, the first African American Congresswoman, announces her candidacy for President. January 26 Yugoslavian air stewardess Vesna Vulović is the only survivor when her plane crashes in Czechoslovakia and she survives after falling 10,160 meters in the tail section of the aircraft. The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is set up on the lawn of Parliament House in Canberra, january 30 Bloody Sunday, The British Army kills 14 unarmed nationalist civil rights marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland. Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations, january 31 – King Birendra succeeds his father as King of Nepal. February 2 A bomb explodes at the British Yacht Club in West Berlin, killing Irwin Beelitz, the German militant group 2 June Movement announces its support of the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Anti-British riots take place throughout Ireland, the British Embassy in Dublin is burned to the ground, as are several British-owned businesses
10. April 1978 – January 1 The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes into the ocean near Bombay, Edward M. Davis retires from the Los Angeles Police Department after 30 years on the force and more than 8 years as its police chief. January 4 – A referendum in Chile supports the policies of dictator Augusto Pinochet, January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP forms the new government of Turkey. January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary is returned to Hungary from the United States, January 10 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, a critic of the Nicaraguan government, is assassinated, riots erupt against Somozas government. January 14 – January 15 – The body of former U. S, vice President Hubert Humphrey lies in state in the Capitol Rotunda, following his death from cancer. Rock succeeds Edward M. Davis as LAPDs interim chief, January 18 – The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture. January 19 – Federal Appeals Court Judge William H. Webster is appointed FBI Director, January 22 – Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany persona non grata. January 24 Soviet satellite Kosmos 954 burns up in Earths atmosphere, Rose Dugdale and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicted prisoners to marry in prison in the history of the Republic of Ireland. January 25 – January 27 – The Great Blizzard of 1978 strikes the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes, January 28 – Richard Chase, the Vampire of Sacramento, is arrested. February 1 – film director Roman Polanski skips bail and flees to France, February 5 – February 7 – The Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 hits the New England region and the New York metropolitan area, killing about 100 and causing over US$520 million in damage. February 6 – King Dragon operation in Arakan, Burmese General Ne Win targets Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara, February 8 – United States Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time. February 8 – Project SHAWN begins in Connecticut, February 9 – The Budd Company unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. February 11 Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashes in Cranbrook, British Columbia, sixteen Unification Church couples wed in New York City. Somalia mobilizes its troops, due to an apparent Ethiopian attack, the Peoples Republic of China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. February 13 – Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing, A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing 2 garbagemen, February 15 Rhodesia, one of only two remaining white-ruled African nations, announces that it will accept multiracial democracy within 2 years. Serial killer Ted Bundy is captured in Pensacola, Florida, February 16 The Hillside Strangler, a serial killer prowling Los Angeles, claims a tenth and final victim. The first computer bulletin board system is created in Chicago, February 19 – Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport February 21 – Electrical workers in Mexico City find the remains of the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in the middle of the city. February 25 – The first Legislative Assembly election is held in Arunachal Pradesh, March 1 – Charlie Chaplins remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
11. September 1979 – January 1 United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the International Year of the Child. Many musicians donate to the Music for UNICEF Concert fund including ABBA, the United States and the Peoples Republic of China establish full diplomatic relations. The Canton of Jura comes into existence as the 26th canton of Switzerland, january 4 – The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings. January 5 – Queen releases Dont Stop Me Now and it becomes one of their most popular singles. January 7 – The Peoples Army of Vietnam and Vietnamese-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area along the Thai border, ending large-scale fighting in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. January 8 – Whiddy Island Disaster, The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry, january 9 – The Music for UNICEF Concert is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by the Bee Gees, other performers include Donna Summer, ABBA, Rod Stewart and Earth, a soundtrack album is later released. January 16 – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi flees Iran with his family, january 19 – Former U. S. Attorney General John N. Mitchell is released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama. January 25 – Pope John Paul II arrives in Mexico City for his first visit to Mexico, january 26 – The Dukes of Hazzard debuts on CBS. January 29 – Cleveland Elementary School shooting, Brenda Ann Spencer opens fire at a school in San Diego, California, killing 2 faculty members and wounding 8 students and a police officer. Her justification for the action, I dont like Mondays, inspires the Boomtown Rats to make a song of the same name, February 1 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile. February 2 Former Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious is found dead, aged 21, of an overdose in New York City. February 3 – Ayatollah Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution, pluto moves inside Neptunes orbit for the first time since either was known to science. Nazi criminal Josef Mengele suffers a stroke and drowns while swimming in Bertioga and his remains are found in 1985. February 10–11 – Iranian Revolution, The Iranian army withdraws to its barracks leaving power in the hands of Ayatollah Khomeini, February 12 – Prime Minister Hissène Habré starts the Battle of NDjamena in an attempt to overthrow Chads President Félix Malloum. February 13 – The Guardian Angels are formed in New York City as an organization of young crime fighters. February 13 – The intense February 13,1979 windstorm strikes western Washington, February 14 In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police
16. September 1986 – The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. January 1 Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union. Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands and is separated from the Netherlands Antilles, the Province of Flevoland is established in the Netherlands. UNIDO becomes an agency of the United Nations. January 9 – After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business, January 11 – The Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the worlds longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. January 12 – STS-61-C, Space Shuttle Columbia is launched with the first Hispanic American astronaut, January 13–24 – South Yemen Civil War. January 19 – The first PC virus, Brain, starts to spread, January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus, January 25 – Yoweri Musevenis National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a 5-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the date to avoid a coincidence of dates with Dictator Idi Amins 1971 coup. January 26 – Super Bowl XX, The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46–10, January 29 – Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda. February 3 – Pixar Animation Studios are opened in California, february 7 President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees Haiti, ending 28 years of family rule. February 8 – The Hinton train collision happened, which a Canadian National train heading westbound collided with a Via Rail train in Hinton,23 people were killed in the accident, and injured 71 people. February 9 – Halleys Comet reaches its perihelion, the closest point to the Sun, february 11 – Human rights activist Natan Sharansky is released by the Soviet Union and leaves the country. February 15 – The Beechcraft Starship makes its maiden flight, february 16 The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov sinks in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. Ouadi Doum air raid, The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad, mário Soares wins the second round of the Portuguese presidential election. February 17 – The Single European Act is signed, february 19 The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station. The United States Senate approves a treaty outlawing genocide, february 21 – Nintendo releases the first game in the Zelda series, The Legend of Zelda, in Japan on the Famicom. February 22 – The People Power Revolution begins in the Philippines to remove President Ferdinand Marcos from office, february 25 The 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union opens in Moscow
17. September 1992 – 1992 was designated as, International Space Year by the United Nations. January 1 The Atari 2600 is finally discontinued 15 years after its introduction in September 1977, boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. George H. W. Bush becomes the first U. S. President to address the Australian Parliament, January 2 – President of Russia Boris Yeltsin ends price controls, resulting in prices of some goods and services becoming 3 to 5 times more expensive. This in effect ends the command economy in Russia, January 6 – The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is proclaimed by the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh. January 7 – The Yugoslav Air Force downs a helicopter, killing 5 military observers from the European Community. January 8 – George H. W. Bush is televised falling violently ill at a dinner in Japan, vomiting into the lap of Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. January 9 – Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, in protest of the decision by Bosniaks, January 11 Singer Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott. Shanda Sharer is tortured and burned to death in Madison, Indiana by 4 teenage girls, Albanian referendum for territorial and political autonomy in FYR Macedonia. January 12 – The second round of Algerias general elections is cancelled when the first round is favorable to the Islamic Salvation Front, January 13 – Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II. January 15 – The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia begins to break up, Slovenia and Croatia gain independence and international recognition in some Western countries. January 16 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives. January 18 – In Nairobi, Kenya, more than 100,000 attend protests demanding an end to one-party rule by the Kenya African National Union, January 19 The Bulgarian presidential election is won by Zhelyu Zhelev, leader of the Union of Democratic Forces. Paramount Leader of China Deng Xiaoping speaks in Shenzhen during his southern tour, January 20 – Cuba executes Eduardo Diaz Betancourt, who was found guilty of sabotage and terrorism. January 21 – Faced with decreased military spending, United Technologies Corporation announces it will eliminate 13,900 jobs by 1993, January 22 Rebel forces occupy Zaires national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the governments resignation. STS-42, Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space, January 24 In El Salvador, an army colonel and a lieutenant of the Atlacatl Battalion are each sentenced to 30 years in prison for the 1989 murder of six Jesuit priests and their housekeepers. China and Israel establish diplomatic relations, January 26 Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting cities of the United States and her allies with nuclear weapons. In return George H. W. Bush announces that the United States and her allies will stop targeting Russia, in Mauritania, security forces open fire on opponents of President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould SidAhmed Taya, killing at least 5 people. January 27 Macys files for bankruptcy, Nagorno-Karabakh War, in the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, fighting between Armenians and Azeris leaves at least 60 people dead
18. September 1993 – January 1 Czechoslovakia ceases to exist as the Czech Republic and Slovakia separate in the so-called Velvet Divorce. The European Economic Community eliminates trade barriers and creates a European single market, British ITV companies GMTV, Carlton Television, Meridian Broadcasting and Westcountry Television start broadcasting, replacing TV-am, Thames Television, TVS and TSW respectively. Euronews, a television news channels in Europe, officially launched. January 2 – Sri Lankan Civil War, The Sri Lanka Navy kills 35-100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon, January 3 In Moscow, Presidents George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. The third Star Trek TV series Deep Space Nine premieres in syndication, January 5 The state of Washington executes Westley Allan Dodd by hanging. US$7.4 million is stolen from the Brinks Armored Car Depot in Rochester, four men, Samuel Millar, Father Patrick Moloney, former Rochester Police officer Thomas OConnor, and Charles McCormick, all of whom have ties to the Provisional Irish Republican Army, are accused. MV Braer, a Liberian-registered oil tanker, runs aground off the Scottish island of Mainland, Shetland, January 6 – Douglas Hurd is the first high-ranking British official to visit Argentina since the Falklands War. January 6–20 – The Bombay Riots take place in Mumbai, January 7 – The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated, with Jerry Rawlings as president. January 8–17 – The Braer Storm of January 1993, the most intense cyclone on record for the northern Atlantic Ocean. January 11 – Monday Night Raw, the longest running weekly show of the World Wrestling Entertainment/Federation. January 14 – The Polish ferry MS Jan Heweliusz sinks off the coast of Rügen in the Baltic Sea, January 15 – Salvatore Riina, the Sicilian Mafia boss known as The Beast, is arrested in Palermo, Sicily, after 23 years as a fugitive. January 19 The Chemical Weapons Convention is signed, IBM announces a $4.97 billion loss for 1992, the largest single-year corporate loss in United States history to date. U. S. forces fire approximately 40 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Baghdad factories linked to Iraqs illegal nuclear weapons program, Iraq then informs UNSCOM that it will be able to resume its flights. January 20 – Bill Clinton is sworn in as President of the United States, January 24 – In Turkey, thousands protest the murder of journalist Uğur Mumcu. January 25 Mir Aimal Kasi fires a rifle and kills two employees outside Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, Virginia, Social Democrat Poul Nyrup Rasmussen succeeds Conservative Poul Schlüter as Prime Minister of Denmark. The Russian space station Mir boasts the first art exhibition in outer space, January 26 – Václav Havel is elected President of the Czech Republic. February 4 – Members of the right-wing Austrian Freedom Party of Austria split to form the Liberal Forum in protest against the increasing nationalistic bent of the party, february 5 – Belgium becomes a federal monarchy rather than a unitary kingdom. February 8 – General Motors sues NBC, after Dateline NBC allegedly rigged 2 crashes showing that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places, NBC settles the lawsuit the following day
19. List of '1998 in' articles – 1998 was designated as the International Year of the Ocean. January 2 – Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation, January 4 – Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998 in Algeria, Over 170 are killed in 3 remote villages. January 6 – The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, January 8 – Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993. January 11 – Over 100 people are killed in the Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria, January 12 – Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning. January 14 – Ralph Guarino is arrested for attempting to rob a Bank of America bank in the World Trade Center. January 17 – The Drudge Report breaks the story about U. S. President Bill Clintons alleged affair with Monica Lewinsky, January 20 – Nepalese police intercept a shipment of 272 human skulls in Kathmandu. January 22 – Suspected Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski pleads guilty, and accepts a sentence of life without the possibility of parole, January 28 Gunmen hold at least 400 children and teachers hostage for several hours, at an elementary school in Manila, Philippines. Stade de France, as well for sports venues of France, officially opened in Saint-Denis, suburb of Paris. February 3 – Cavalese cable car disaster, a United States military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, february 4 – The 5.9 Mw Afghanistan earthquake shakes the Takhar Province with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII. With 2,323 killed, and 818 injured, damage is considered extreme, february 7–22 – The 1998 Winter Olympics are held in Nagano, Japan. February 16 – China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into an area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport. February 28 – A massacre in Likoshane, FR Yugoslavia starts the Kosovo War, march 1 – Titanic becomes the first film to gross US$1 billion. March 2 Data sent from the Galileo probe indicates that Jupiters moon Europa has an ocean under a thick crust of ice. In Austria, Natascha Kampusch is abducted by Wolfgang Přiklopil, march 5 – NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station. March 11 – Danish parliamentary election,1998, Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen is re-elected, march 13 – The High-Z Supernova Search Team becomes the first team to publish evidence that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. March 23 – The 70th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted for the 6th time by Billy Crystal, is held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, Titanic wins 11 Oscars including Best Picture. March 24 – First Computer-assisted Bone Segment Navigation, performed at the University of Regensburg, march 26 – Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria,52 people are killed with axes and knives,32 of the killed are babies under the age of 2. March 27 – Sildenafil, sold as Viagra and developed by Pfizer, is approved as the first oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in the USA by the Food, march 31 – Netscape released Mozilla source code under an open source license
20. List of '2002 in' articles – 2002 was designated as, International Year of Ecotourism International Year of Mountains January 1 The Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially enters into force. The Euro is officially introduced in the Eurozone countries, the former currencies of all the countries that use the Euro ceased to be legal tender on February 28. January 3 – The Israeli Navy seizes a cargo ship trafficking 50 tons of weapons to the Palestinian National Authority, January 18 – The Sierra Leone Civil War comes to a conclusion with the defeat of the Revolutionary United Front by government forces. February 6 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom celebrates her Golden Jubilee, February 8–24 – The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City, Utah. February 12 – The trial of Slobodan Milošević, the former President of Yugoslavia, February 19 – NASAs 2001 Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system. February 22 – UNITA guerilla leader Jonas Savimbi is killed in clashes against government troops led by Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos in Moxico Province and his death leads to the end of the Angolan Civil War on April 4. March 1 – The Envisat environmental satellite is launched, with its purpose being the recording of information on environmental change, April 2 – Israeli forces besiege the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, when militants took shelter there. The siege would last for 38 days, April 15 – Air China Flight 129 crashes into a hillside during heavy rain and fog near Busan, South Korea, killing 129 people. April 25 – South African Mark Shuttleworth blasts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Soyuz TM-34, may 9 – A remote-control bomb explodes during a holiday parade in Kaspiysk, Russia, killing 44 people and injuring at least 130 more. May 20 – East Timor regains its independence after 26 years of occupation by Indonesia since 1975, may 31–June 30 – The 2002 FIFA World Cup begins in South Korea and Japan, which is won by Brazil. June 6 – An object with a diameter of 10 meters collides with Earth over the Mediterranean. June 10 – The first direct electronic communication experiment between the systems of two humans, is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom. June 24 – A passenger train collides with a train in Dodoma Region, Tanzania, killing 281 people. July 1 The Rome Statute comes into force, thereby establishing the International Criminal Court, a Russian passenger jet and cargo plane collide over the town of Überlingen, Germany, killing 71 people. July 9 – The Organization of African Unity is disbanded and replaced by the African Union, august 26 – Earth Summit 2002 begins in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations. September 10 – Switzerland joins the United Nations as the 190th member state after rejecting a place in 1986, september 19 – General Robert Guéï leads an army mutiny in an attempt to overthrow Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo, plunging the country in to civil war. September 25 – The Vitim event, a bolide impact, occurs in Irkutsk Oblast. September 26 – The Senegalese passenger ferry Joola capsizes in a storm off the coast of the Gambia, september 27 – East Timor is admitted to the United Nations as the 191st member state
21. Two Thousand and Seven – 2007 was designated as International Heliophysical Year. January 1 Bulgaria and Romania join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eurozone, adam Air Flight 574 disappeared from Jakartas radar. A week later it was founded that the aircraft has crashed into the Makassar Strait, january 8 – Russian oil supplies to Poland, Germany, and Ukraine are cut as the Russia–Belarus energy dispute escalates, they are restored three days later. February 2 The IPCC publishes its fourth assessment report, having concluded that climate change is very likely to have a predominantly human cause. February 3 – A truck bomb explodes in Baghdad, Iraq, killing at least 135 people, february 26 – The International Court of Justice finds Serbia guilty of failing to prevent genocide in the Srebrenica massacre, but clears it of direct responsibility and complicity in the case. March 1 – The fourth International Polar Year, a $1.73 billion research program to both the North Pole and South Pole, is launched in Paris. March 23 – Naval forces of Irans Revolutionary Guard seize Royal Navy personnel in disputed Iran-Iraq waters, march 27 – Latvian Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis and Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov sign a border treaty between Latvia and Russia, officially demarcating the border between the two. April 3 – French high speed train, the TGV, reaches a top speed of 574.8 km/h. April 18 – A series of attacks take place across Baghdad, Iraq, April 24 – Gliese 581 c, a potentially Earth-like extrasolar planet habitable for life, is discovered in the constellation Libra. April 26-27 – Ethnic Russian riot in Tallinn and other cities in Estonia against the moving of the Bronze Soldier, may 17 – The Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the Moscow Patriarchate re-unite after 80 years of schism. May 20 – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum of Dubai makes the largest single donation in modern history. June 5 – NASAs MESSENGER spacecraft makes its second fly-by of Venus en route to Mercury, july 7 – Live Earth Concerts are held throughout 9 major cities around the world to raise environmental awareness. July 17 – TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns the runway of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport and crashes, killing all 187 and 12 others on the ground. July 24 – Five Bulgarian nurses were released from Libyan prison after eight, august 4 – The Phoenix spacecraft is launched toward Mars to study its north pole. August 14 – Multiple suicide bombings kill 572 people in Qahtaniya, august 15 – An 8.0 earthquake strikes Peru, killing at least 450 people, injuring more than 1,500, and causing tsunami warnings in the Pacific Ocean. September 6 – Israeli Air Force airplanes attack a suspected nuclear reactor in Syria in an airstrike, september 14 – The SELENE spacecraft launches, with its objective being to study the Moon. September 20 – The Universal Forum of Cultures opens in Monterrey, october 28 – The Vatican beatifies 498 Spanish victims of religious persecution from before and during the Spanish Civil War. November 6 – A suicide bomber kills at least 50 people in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, november 14 – High Speed 1 from London to the Channel Tunnel is opened to passengers
22. MMXIII – January 16–20 – Thirty-nine international workers and one security guard die in a hostage crisis at a natural gas facility near In Aménas, Algeria. February 12 – North Korea conducts its third nuclear test, prompting widespread condemnation. February 15 – A meteor explodes over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk, injuring 1, 489-1,492 people and it is the most powerful meteor to strike Earths atmosphere in over a century. The incident, along with a flyby of a larger asteroid. February 21 – American scientists use a 3D printer to create a living lab-grown ear from collagen, in the future, it is hoped, similar ears could be grown to order as transplants for human patients suffering from ear trauma or amputation. February 28 – Benedict XVI resigns as pope, becoming the first to do so since Gregory XII in 1415, march 24 – Central African Republic President François Bozizé flees to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, after rebel forces capture the nations capital, Bangui. March 25 – The European Union agrees to a €10 billion economic bailout for Cyprus, the bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund. The deal precipitates a banking crisis in the island nation, march 27 – Canada becomes the first country to withdraw from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. April 2 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Arms Trade Treaty to regulate the trade of conventional weapons. April 15 – Two Chechen Islamist brothers explode two bombs at the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States, killing 3, july 1 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union. July 3 – Amid mass protests across Egypt, President Mohamed Morsi is deposed in a military coup détat, august 14 – Following the military coup in Egypt, two anti-coup camps are raided by the security forces leaving 2,600 dead. The raids were described by Human Rights Watch as one of the world’s largest killings of demonstrators in a day in recent history”. August 21 –1,429 are killed in the Ghouta chemical attack during the Syrian Civil War, september 21 – al-Shabaab Islamic militants attack the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya, killing at least 62 civilians and wounding over 170. October 18 – Saudi Arabia rejects a seat on the United Nations Security Council, jordan takes the seat on December 6. November 5 – The Mars Orbiter Mission is launched by India from its launchpad in Sriharikota, november 8 – Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest tropical cyclones on record, hits the Philippines and Vietnam, causing devastation with at least 6,241 dead. November 24 – Iran agrees to limit their nuclear development program in exchange for sanctions relief, December 7 – Ninth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization delegates sign the Bali Package agreement aimed at loosening global trade barriers. December 14 – Chinese spacecraft Change 3, carrying the Yutu rover, becomes the first spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon since 1976 and the third ever robotic rover to do so. December 15 – Fighting between ethnic Dinka and Nuer members of the presidential guard break out in Juba, South Sudan, plunging the country into civil war
23. MMXIV – February – The Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa begins, infecting at least 28,616 people and killing at least 11,310 people, the most severe both in terms of numbers of infections and casualties. February 7–23 – The XXII Olympic Winter Games are held in Sochi, february 13 – Belgium becomes the first country in the world to legalise euthanasia for terminally ill patients of any age. March 5 – Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, severs diplomatic and political ties with Panama, march 8 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777 airliner en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappears over the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board. The aircraft is presumed to have crashed into the Indian Ocean, march 16 – A referendum on the status of the Crimean Peninsula is held. March 21 – Russia formally annexes Crimea after President Vladimir Putin signed a bill finalizing the annexation process, march 24 – During an emergency meeting, the United Kingdom, the United States, Italy, Germany, France, Japan, and Canada temporarily suspend Russia from the G8. March 27 – The United Nations General Assembly passes Resolution 68/262, recognizing Crimea within Ukraine’s international borders, march 31 – The United Nations International Court of Justice rules that Japans Antarctic whaling program is not scientific but commercial and forbids grants of further permits. April 7 – The Donetsk Peoples Republic unilaterally declares its independence from Ukraine, april 14 – An estimated 276 girls and women are abducted and held hostage from a school in Nigeria. April 16 – Korean ferry MV Sewol capsizes and sinks after a cargo shift, killing 304 people. April 27 – The Catholic Church simultaneously canonizes Popes John XXIII, april 28 – United States President Barack Obamas new economic sanctions against Russia go into effect, targeting companies and individuals close to Russian President Vladimir Putin. May 5 The World Health Organization identifies the spread of poliomyelitis in at least 10 countries as a worldwide health emergency. Boko Haram militants kill approximately 300 people in an attack on Gamboru Ngala. The Donetsk Peoples Republic and the Luhansk Peoples Republic declare the formation of Novorossiya, june 12 – July 13 – The 2014 FIFA World Cup is held in Brazil, and is won by Germany. June 13 – The military intervention against ISIL begins, june 29 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant declares itself a caliphate. In seven weeks of fighting,2,100 Palestinians and 71 Israelis are killed, July 17 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes in eastern Ukraine after being shot down by a missile. All 298 people on board are killed, July 21 – The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 2166 in response to the shootdown of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. July 24 – Air Algérie Flight 5017 crashes in Mali, killing all 116 people on board, august 7 – Khmer Rouge leaders Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan are found guilty of crimes against humanity and are sentenced to life imprisonment by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. August 8 – The United States military begins an air campaign in northern Iraq to stem the influx of ISIL militants, september 22 – The United States and several Arab partners begin their airstrike campaign in Syria. October 19 – The Roman Catholic Church beatifies Pope Paul VI, october 31 – Longtime Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré resigns after widespread protests in response to the attempt in abolishing presidential term limits
24. German a – Ä and ä are both characters that represent either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with an umlaut mark or diaeresis. In Finnish and Turkmen this is always /æ/, in Swedish and Estonian, regional variation, as well as the position in a word, allows for either. In German and Slovak Ä stands for, in the Nordic countries, the vowel sound was originally written as Æ when Christianisation caused the former Vikings to start using the Latin alphabet around A. D.1100. The letter Ä arose in German and later in Swedish from originally writing the E in AE on top of the A, in the Icelandic, Faroese, Danish and Norwegian alphabets, Æ is still used instead of Ä. Finnish later adopted the Swedish alphabet during the 700 years that Finland was part of Sweden, although the phenomenon of Germanic umlaut does not exist in Finnish, the phoneme /æ/ does. The letter is used in some Romani alphabets as well, in Emilian-Romagnol ä is used to represent, occurring in some Emilian dialects, e. g. Bolognese bän well and żänt people. Ӓ is used in some alphabets invented in the 19th century which are based on the Cyrillic script and these include Mari, Altay and the Keräşen Tatar alphabet. A similar glyph, A with umlaut, appears in the German alphabet and it represents the umlauted form of a, resulting in. In German, it is called Ä or Umlaut-A, referring to the glyph as A-Umlaut is an uncommon practice, and would be ambiguous, as that term also refers to Germanic a-mutation. With respect to diphthongs, Ä behaves as an E, e. g. Bäume /bɔɪmə/, in German dictionaries, the letter is collated together with A, while in German phonebooks the letter is collated as AE. The letter also occurs in languages which have adopted German names or spellings. It has recently introduced in revivalist Ulster-Scots writing. The letter was originally an A with an e on top. In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the alphabet or in limited character sets such as US-ASCII. Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter, A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above, this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwritings. In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots, Æ, a highly similar ligature evolving from the same origin as Ä, evolved in the Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian alphabets. The Æ ligature was also common in Old English, but had disappeared in Middle English. In modern typography there was insufficient space on typewriters and later computer keyboards to allow for both A-diaeresis and A-umlaut, since they looked near-identical the two glyphs were combined, which was also done in computer character encodings such as ISO 8859-1
German a – The sign at the bus station of the Finnish town Mynämäki, illustrating an artistic variation of the letter Ä.
German a – Sign of Jyväskylä, city in Finland.
25. Al Jarreau – Alwin Lopez Al Jarreau was an American singer and musician. He received a total of seven Grammy Awards and was nominated for over a dozen more, Jarreau is perhaps best known for his 1981 album Breakin Away. He also sang the song of the late-1980s television series Moonlighting. Jarreau was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on March 12,1940, the Jarreau website refers to Reservoir Avenue, the name of the street where he lived. Jarreaus father was a Seventh-day Adventist Church minister and singer, Jarreau and his family sang together in church concerts and in benefits, and he and his mother performed at PTA meetings. Jarreau was student council president and Badger Boys State delegate for Lincoln High School, at Boys State, he was elected governor. Jarreau went on to attend Ripon College, where he sang with a group called the Indigos. He graduated in 1962 with a Bachelor of Science in psychology, two years later, in 1964, he earned a masters degree in vocational rehabilitation from the University of Iowa. Jarreau also worked as a counselor in San Francisco. In 1967, he joined forces with acoustic guitarist Julio Martinez, the duo became the star attraction at a small Sausalito night club called Gatsbys. This success contributed to Jarreaus decision to make professional singing his life, in 1968, Jarreau made jazz his primary occupation. In 1969, Jarreau and Martinez headed south, where Jarreau appeared at such Los Angeles hot spots as Dinos, The Troubadour, television exposure came from Johnny Carson, Mike Douglas, Merv Griffin, Dinah Shore, and David Frost. He expanded his nightclub appearances performing at The Improv between the acts of such comics as Bette Midler, Jimmie Walker, and John Belushi. During this period, he involved with the United Church of Religious Science and the Church of Scientology. Also, roughly at the time, he began writing his own lyrics. In 1975, Jarreau was working with pianist Tom Canning when he was spotted by Warner Bros, on Valentines Day 1976 he sang on the 13th episode of NBCs new Saturday Night Live, that week hosted by Peter Boyle. Soon thereafter he released his acclaimed debut album, We Got By. A second Echo Award would follow with the release of his second album, in 1978, Al won his first Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance for his album, Look To The Rainbow
Al Jarreau – Al Jarreau
Al Jarreau – Al Jarreau during a concert at ICC Berlin in 1986
Al Jarreau – Al Jarreau during a concert in Düsseldorf in January 1981
Al Jarreau – Al Jarreau in Wrocław, Poland; June 25, 2006
26. Anna German – Anna Wiktoria German was during her lifetime known as a Polish singer and was immensely popular in Poland and in the Soviet Union in 1960s-1970s. She released over a dozen albums with songs in Polish. Anna German was a Polish and Russian-language singer of a Russia-German family and she was born in Urgench, a city with a population of 22,000 in northwestern Uzbekistan in Central Asia, then Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union. Her mother, Irma Martens, was the descendant of Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites invited to Russia by Catherine II and her accountant father, Eugen Hörmann, was also of a Russia-German pastor family and born during travel in Łódź now Poland. Already Eugen Hörmanns father, Annas grandfather, Friedrich Hörmann, who had studied theology at Lodz, was in 1929 incarcerated in Gulag Plesetzk by Communists for being a priest, where he died. In 1937 during the NKVDs anti-German operation Eugen Hörmann was arrested in Urgench on false charges of spying, thereafter, Anna and her mother and grandmother survived in the Kemerovo Region, Tashkent, and later in the Kyrgyz and Kazakh SSR. In 1946 her mother was able to take the family to Silesia, first Nowa Ruda, Anna quickly learned Polish and several other languages and grew up hiding her family heritage. She graduated from the Geological Institute of Wroclaw University, during her university years, she began her music career at the Kalambur theater. Anna finally became successful when she won the 1964 II Festival of Polish Songs in Opole with her song Tańczące Eurydyki, one year later, she won first prize in the international song contest in Sopot. She was invited to perform in Italy in the prestigious Sanremo Music Festival in 1967, in Italy Anna German survived a bad car crash, and fully came back to the stage only in 1972, after a long rehabilitation period. On 23 March 1972 she married Zbigniew Tucholski and their son, Zbigniew, was born on 27 November 1975. Anna performed in the Marché international de lédition musicale in Cannes, as well as on the stages of Belgium, Germany, United States, Canada, in the last years of her life she composed some church songs. She died of osteosarcoma in 1982, and was buried at Warsaw evangelical cemetery and she also sang in Russian, English, Italian, Spanish, Latin, German and Mongolian. In 2001 six of her Polish albums were reissued on CDs, in recent years many compilation albums of her songs have also been released in both Russia and Poland. 1 LP1990 Powracające słowa vol, Полное собрание песен vol.1 CD2003 Спасибо тебе мое сердце
Anna German – Anna German
Anna German – Anna German grave in the Cemetery of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Warsaw
27. `60s – The 1960s was a decade that began on 1 January 1960, and ended on 31 December 1969. The term 1960s also refers to an era more often called the Sixties and this cultural decade is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1972 with the Watergate scandal. The decade was also labeled the Swinging Sixties because of the fall or relaxation of social taboos especially relating to racism and sexism that occurred during this time and he charts the rise, success, fall/nightmare and explosion in the London scene of the 1960s. Several Western nations such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, by the end of the 1950s, war-ravaged Europe had largely finished reconstruction and began a tremendous economic boom. World War II had brought about a huge leveling of social classes in which the remnants of the old feudal gentry disappeared, the United States, after sluggish economic growth during the 1950s, also experienced a major 60s boom. Real GDP growth averaged 6% a year during the half of the decade. Thus, the worldwide economic trend in the 1960s was one of prosperity, expansion of the middle class. Kennedys assassination in 1963 was a shock, Liberal reforms were finally passed under Lyndon B. Johnson including civil rights for African Americans and healthcare for the elderly and the poor. Despite his large-scale Great Society programs, Johnson was increasingly reviled by the New Left at home, the heavy-handed American role in the Vietnam War outraged student protestors around the globe. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr, in Britain, the Labour Party gained power in 1964. In France, the protests of 1968 led to President Charles de Gaulle temporarily fleeing the country, for some, May 1968 meant the end of traditional collective action and the beginning of a new era to be dominated mainly by the so-called new social movements. Italy formed its first left-of-center government in March 1962 with a coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, socialists joined the ruling block in December 1963. In Brazil, João Goulart became president after Jânio Quadros resigned, in Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. The Cold War, The Vietnam War 1961 – Substantial American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam,1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U. S. military advisers in South Vietnam had risen from 900 to 12,000. The resolution gave U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a declaration of war by Congress. The Johnson administration subsequently cited the resolution as legal authority for its rapid escalation of U. S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. 1966 – After 1966 with the draft in more than 500,000 troops were sent to Vietnam by the Johnson administration. Portuguese Colonial War – the war was fought between Portugals military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugals African colonies and it was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict of the cold war in African and European scenarios
28. DJ Jad – Articolo 31 was a band from Milan, Italy, melting hip hop, funk, pop and traditional Italian musical forms. They are one of the most popular Italian hip hop groups, Articolo 31 were formed by rapper J-Ax and DJ Jad. They probably meant the Section 31 of the Broadcasting Authority Act, Articolo 31 released one of the first Italian hip hop records, Strade di città, in 1993. In 1997, DJ Gruff dissed Articolo 31 in a track titled 1 vs 2 on the first album of the beatmaker Fritz da Cat, in 2001, Articolo 31 collaborated with the American old school rapper Kurtis Blow on the album XChé SI. In the same year, they made the movie Senza filtro and their producer was Franco Godi, who also produced the music for the Signor Rossi animated series. Their 2002 album Domani smetto represented a departure from hip hop. Following their 2003 album Italiano medio, the took a break. Both J Ax and DJ Jad have been involved with solo projects, in 2006, the group declared an indefinite hiatus. Their posse, Spaghetti Funk, includes other popular performers like Space One, J-Ax - vocals DJ Jad - turntables
DJ Jad – J Ax, rapper of the band
29. Asmara – Asmara, known locally as Asmera, is the capital city and largest settlement in Eritrea. Home to a population of just over 1,000,000 inhabitants, the city is located at the tip of an escarpment that is both the northwestern edge of the Eritrean highlands and the Great Rift Valley in neighbouring Ethiopia. Asmara is situated in Eritreas central Maekel Region and it is known for its well-preserved colonial Italian modernist architecture. These towns were attacked by clans from the low land. Until the women of each clan decided that to defeat their common enemy, the men accepted, hence the name Arbate Asmera. Arbate Asmara literally means, in the Tigrinya language, the four made them unite, eventually Arbate was dropped and it has been called Asmara which means they made them unite. There is still a district called Arbaete Asmara in the Administrations of Asmara and it is now called the Italianized version of the word Asmara. The westernized version of the name is used by a majority of non-Eritreans, while the inhabitants of Eritrea and neighboring peoples remain loyal to the original pronunciation. The missionary Remedius Prutky passed through Asmara in 1751, and described in his memoirs that a church there by Jesuit priests 130 years before was still intact. Asmara started to grow in a way when it was occupied by Italy in 1889 and was made the capital city of Italian Eritrea in preference to Massawa by Governor Martini in 1897. In the early 20th century, a line was built to the coast, passing through the town of Ghinda. In both 1913 and 1915 the city suffered only slight damage in large earthquakes, in the late 1930s the Italians changed the face of the town, with a new structure and new buildings, Asmara was called Piccola Roma. Asmara was populated by a large Italian community and consequently the city acquired an Italian architectural look, the city of Asmara had a population of 98,000, of which 53,000 were Italian according to the Italian census of 1939. This fact made Asmara the main Italian town of the Italian empire in Africa, in all of Eritrea the population of Italians was only 75,000 in total in that year, making Asmara by far their largest centre. Many industrial investments were made by Italy in Asmara, but the beginning of World War II stopped the blossoming industrialization of the area, in 1952, the United Nations resolved to federate the former colony under Ethiopian rule. During the federation, Asmara was no longer the capital city, the capital was now Addis Ababa, over 1,000 kilometres to the south. The national language of the city was replaced from Tigrinya language to the Ethiopian Amharic language. In 1961, emperor Haile Selassie I ended the federal arrangement, ethiopias biggest ally was the United States
Asmara – Coat of arms
Asmara – Ras Alula governor of Medri Bahri at the time of the kingdom of the Negus Yohannes IV was one of the precursors and founders of Asmara.
Asmara – Boulevard, Harnet Avenue in downtown Asmara.
30. Gigli, Beniamino – Beniamino Gigli was an Italian opera singer. The most famous tenor of his generation, he was renowned internationally for the beauty of his voice. Music critics sometimes took him to task, however, for what was perceived to be the over-emotionalism of his interpretations, nevertheless, such was Giglis talent, he is considered to be one of the very finest tenors in the recorded history of music. Gigli was born in Recanati, in the Marche, the son of a shoemaker who loved opera and his parents did not, however, view music as a secure career. Beniaminos brother Lorenzo became a famous Italian painter, in 1914, he won first prize in an international singing competition in Parma. His operatic debut came on October 15,1914, when he played Enzo in Amilcare Ponchiellis La Gioconda in Rovigo, Gigli rose to true international prominence after the death of the great Italian tenor Enrico Caruso in 1921. Such was his popularity with audiences he was often called Caruso Secondo, in fact, the comparison was not valid as Caruso had a bigger, darker, more heroic voice than Giglis sizable yet honey-toned lyric instrument. Gigli left the Met in 1932, ostensibly after refusing to take a pay cut, giulio Gatti-Casazza, the Mets then general manager, was furious at his companys most popular male singer, he told the press that Gigli was the only singer not to accept the pay cut. After leaving the Met, Gigli returned again to Italy, and sang in houses there, elsewhere in Europe and he was criticised for being a favourite singer of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, having recorded the Fascist anthem Giovinezza in 1937. Toward the end of World War II, he was able to give few performances, however, he immediately returned to the stage when the war ended in 1945, and the audience acclaim was greater and more clamorous than ever. In addition to his performances, Gigli appeared as an actor in over twenty films from 1935 to 1953. In the last few years of his life, Gigli gave concert performances more often than he appeared on stage, before his retirement in 1955, Gigli undertook an exhausting world tour of farewell concerts. This impaired his health in the two years that remained to him, during which time he helped prepare his memoirs, Gigli died in Rome in 1957. Like many artists, Gigli was a man of contradictions, on one hand, he gave more fund-raising concerts and raised more money than any other singer in history, with close to one thousand benefit concerts. He was deeply devoted to Padre Pio, his confessor, to whom he donated an amount of money. Also, Gigli sang an unusual amount of sacred music, atypical of an operatic tenor. Additionally, he was throughout his life devoted to the sacred music of Don Lorenzo Perosi. On the other hand, Giglis relationships with women were often tainted by scandal and he lied in his memoirs, saying that he was married six months earlier than he really was
Gigli, Beniamino – Beniamino Gigli in an image from 1914
31. Sanremo Casino – Sanremo Casino, officially named Casinò Municipale di Sanremo is a gambling and entertainment complex located in Sanremo, on the Italian Riviera. The Casino’s building was designed by French architect Eugène Ferret, opening the 12th of January 1905, seven different projects were submitted, resulting in the victory of Ferret, who adhered to the Art Nouveau movement, so much in vogue in France back then. Ferret was also to be the first manager of the proper gaming activities by an agreement signed on the 5th of November 1903. The Casino was first born as a Kursaal, and initially its building held theatre programmes, concerts and eateries as well as serving as a meeting place for foreigners. From 1927 to 1934 the Casino was managed by Luigi De Santis who proved to be, among other things, a first-rate gamester for its knowledge of the game and the particularities of the world around it. De Santis invited Marta Abba to Sanremo and offered her the Compagnia Stabile of which Pirandello was to be its Artistic Director and it also granted funds to Pastonchi for the organisation and setting up of the Literary Mondays. The Casinò di Sanremo closed its doors on the 10th of June 1940, still, undamaged by the war and two German and allied occupations, the Casino resumed its activities seven months after the end of World War Il. The Casinò di Sanremo has been, for many years home of the Festival della canzone italiana
Sanremo Casino – Casinò di Sanremo
33. Administrative divisions of Eritrea – Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, the northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has an area of approximately 117,600 km2. Its toponym Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around six million. Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family, either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches, among these communities, the Tigrinya make up about 55% of the population, with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities, most people in the territory adhere to Christianity or Islam. In medieval times much of Eritrea fell under the Medri Bahri kingdom, the creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia, subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia, Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the Eritrean governments human rights record is considered among the worst in the world, the Eritrean government has dismissed these allegations as politically motivated. The compulsory military service requires lengthy, indefinite conscription periods, which some Eritreans leave the country in order to avoid, since all local media is state-owned, Eritrea was also ranked as having the least press freedom in the global Press Freedom Index. Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, and IGAD, during the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri. The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for the Red Sea and it was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea. The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936, Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution. At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind, during the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World
Administrative divisions of Eritrea – Excavation of archaeological site outside of Sembel.
Administrative divisions of Eritrea – Flag
Administrative divisions of Eritrea – Pre-Axumite monolithic columns in Qohaito.
Administrative divisions of Eritrea – Map of the Kingdom of D'mt in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, circa 400 BC.
34. List of Falcon Crest cast members – Falcon Crest is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4,1981 to May 17,1990. The series revolved around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the Californian wine industry, Jane Wyman starred as Angela Channing, the tyrannical matriarch of the Falcon Crest Winery, alongside Robert Foxworth as Chase Gioberti, Angelas nephew who returns after the death of his father. The series was set in the fictitious Tuscany Valley northeast of San Francisco, the show was created by Earl Hamner, Jr. who had previously created The Waltons, which had just finished its final season in 1981. Hamner wanted to create a drama involving the wine industry entitled The Vintage Years. An unaired pilot episode was produced, but CBS requested that Hamner make the show more along the lines of Dallas, the script was rewritten and several cast members changed for what became Falcon Crest. The series first aired in December 1981, when CBS scheduled Falcon Crest at 10 pm on Friday nights, the Dallas-Falcon Crest one-two punch proved lucrative for the network and Falcon Crest was a top-20 show in the Nielsen Ratings for several years. Both shows were produced for CBS by the company, Lorimar Productions. At the center of the action is Angela Channing, a corrupt, when her brother Jason Gioberti dies from a fall in the winery, his son Chase Gioberti arrives to claim his inherited portion of Falcon Crest. The rivalry between Angela and Chase — whom Angela sees as an interloper — sets the tone for much of the series, surrounding Angela are her daughters, Julia and Emma, and her lazy playboy grandson, Lance Cumson, who aids her in her battles against Chase. Julia is chief winemaker, though often feels oppressed by her domineering mother, kind-natured Emma does not work in the family business, but is emotionally troubled. Julias son Lance loves money and yearns for power, but lacks Angelas discipline and her ever-tightening grip on him eventually sends him to work for his grandfathers newspaper, The San Francisco Globe. Aiding Angela in her quest for power is her crooked lawyer, Phillip Erikson. Chases wife Maggie is a writer who later works at The New Globe newspaper, their grown son Cole works at the winery with Chase. Scheming Melissa becomes embroiled in a triangle with Lance and Cole. In the second season, a rival for Angela arrives in the form of conniving Richard Channing. Richard crosses them at every turn and makes attempts to wrest control of Falcon Crest. The distinctive location filming in the Napa Valley and the dry, the rivalry between Angela, Chase, and Richard stayed at the core of the show for several years, as more romantic entanglements spun around them. Lance and Cole found themselves not only caught up in their family battles for control of Falcon Crest, like Dallas and Dynasty, Falcon Crest employed memorable end-of-season cliffhangers to boost ratings
List of Falcon Crest cast members – Main title screen (Season 8)
List of Falcon Crest cast members – Original cast
35. Festival 'e Napule – The Festival della Canzone Napoletana, commonly known as the Festival di Napoli, is a Neapolitan song contest. The first edition was held in 1952 and the last in 2004, from 1952 to 1970 the show was broadcast on RAI and from 1998 to 2004, in a differently spirited version, by Rete 4. A symbol of Neapolitan song of the half of the twentieth century, the Festival della Canzone Napoletana was born in Naples in 1952. As presenters the festival would see, over the years, such people as Nunzio Filogamo, Enzo Tortora, Pippo Baudo, Mike Bongiorno, Corrado, Daniele Piombi. Interrupted in 1971, after many organizational efforts it returned to the city in 1981 and it was also broadcast on the radio on Rais second station from 22.45. After that edition, the Festival, once again, was interrupted for a period of time. In 1998 it returned, though with a different spirit and different results, on Rete 4 and was held regularly until 2004, when it ceased again. 1952, Nilla Pizzi and Franco Ricci — Desiderio e Sole 1953, The Festival was not held, because it was designed to be bi-annual
Festival 'e Napule – Ornella Vanoni at the festival in 1964
36. Columbus Day Riot – Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the music artists of all time. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 and he released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatras professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas and his career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice n Easy. Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own label, Reprise Records. It was followed by 1968s collaboration with Duke Ellington, using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998. Sinatra forged a successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm and he appeared in various musicals such as On the Town, Guys and Dolls, High Society, and Pal Joey, winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he associated with playing detectives. Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B, on television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a natural, intuitive understanding of it, a perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname Ol Blue Eyes, Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976, Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him the greatest singer of the 20th century, Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12,1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino Marty Sinatra
37. Fusignano – Fusignano is a comune in the province of Ravenna in Italy. It is located on the river Senio, the city was created in 1250 by count Bernardino of Cunio after a flood which had destroyed his castle at Donigallia. After several passages of property in the hands of noble families. When the Duchy of Ferrara was annexed to the Papal States, the fief was elevated to a marquisate, in the 18th century the city recovered from a dark period, and in 1796 became part of the French dominions. In 1815 it returned to the Roman Church, with the unification of Italy, Fusignano was separated from Ferrara and included in the province of Ravenna. During World War II, as part of the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, Fusignano was for four months on the front line, the church of San Giovanni Battista houses a 16th-century pale portraying the Baptism of Christ. Arcangelo Corelli, an Italian violin player and Baroque music composer, was born in Fusignano, arrigo Sacchi, Italian football manager, was born there. Lea Melandri, feminist and writer was born in Fusignano
Fusignano – Suffragio church.
38. Iva Zanicchi – Iva Zanicchi is an Italian pop singer and politician. Iva Zanicchis career began in 1962 at the Castrocaro Music Festival and she won the Sanremo song festival in 1967 with Non pensare a me, in 1969 with Zingara and again in 1974 with Ciao cara, come stai. Zanicchi remains the only singer to have won that festivals prize three times. In 1969, she represented Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest in Madrid with Due Grosse Lacrime Bianche and she represented Italy in the V Festival Internacional da Canção in Rio with Tu non sei più innamorato di me in 1970. A concert at the Paris Olympia and a tour followed, Iva later also toured Australia and Japan. Has worked with Mikis Theodorakis and Charles Aznavour and has numerous recordings. Has performed at Madison Square Gardens, New York and the Teatro Regio, in total, Iva released 14 albums during the Seventies, including a Christmas-themed, Neapolitan and Spanish language recordings. From 1987 to 2000 Iva hosted the popular game show Ok. The Italian version of The Price Is Right as the female host in the history of the game show worldwide. In 2004 she was one of Forza Italias candidates at the European Parliament elections, polling nearly 35,000 and she was confirmed in her post at the European elections of June 2009. 1965 Iva Zanicchi 1967 Fra noi 1968 Unchained Melody 1970 Iva senza tempo 1970 Caro Theodorakis, Iva 1971 Caro Aznavour 1971 Shalom 1972 Fantasia 1972 Dallamore in poi 1973 Le giornate dellamore 1974 Io ti propongo 1974 ¿Chao Iva còmo estas. She took over for Gigi Sabani in the 1986-87 season and was succeeded by Maria Teresa Ruta in 2000, official site Fan site European Parliament biography of Iva Zanicchi
39. Saturday Night Fever – While in the disco, Tony is the champion dancer. The story is based upon a 1976 New York magazine article by British writer Nik Cohn, Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night, in the mid-1990s, Cohn acknowledged that he fabricated the article. In 2010, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. A huge commercial success, the film helped to popularize disco music around the world and made Travolta, already well known from his role on TVs Welcome Back, Kotter. The Saturday Night Fever soundtrack, featuring songs by the Bee Gees, is one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time. The sequel Staying Alive also starred John Travolta and was directed by Sylvester Stallone, anthony Tony Manero is a 19-year-old Italian American man from the Bay Ridge neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. Tony lives with his parents, and works at a job in a small hardware store. The stagnant monotony of his life is temporarily dispelled every Saturday night when Tony is king of the floor at 2001 Odyssey. Tony has four friends, Joey, Double J, Gus. A fringe member of his group of friends is Annette, a girl who longs for a more permanent physical relationship with Tony. Tony and his friends ritually stop on the Verrazano–Narrows Bridge to clown around, the bridge has special significance for Tony as a symbol of escape to a better life on the other side—in more suburban Staten Island. Although Stephanie coldly rejects Tonys advances, she agrees to be his partner in the dance competition. Tonys older brother, Frank Jr. who was the pride of the Manero family since he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest, Tony shares a warm relationship with Frank Jr. but feels vindicated that he is no longer the black sheep of the family. While on his way home from the store, Gus is attacked by a Hispanic gang. He tells Tony and his friends that his attackers were the Barracudas, meanwhile, Bobby C. has been trying to get out of his relationship with his devoutly Catholic girlfriend, Pauline, who is pregnant with his child. Facing pressure from his family and others to marry her, Bobby asks former priest Frank Jr. if the Pope would grant him dispensation for an abortion, when Frank tells him such a thing would be highly unlikely, Bobbys feelings of despair intensify. Bobby lets Tony borrow his 1964 Chevrolet Impala to help move Stephanie from Bay Ridge to Manhattan, eventually, the group gets their revenge on the Barracudas, and crash Bobby Cs car into their hangout. Tony, Double J, and Joey get out of the car to fight, when the guys visit Gus in the hospital, they are angry when he tells them that he may have targeted the wrong gang
40. Tanya (Italian singer) – Silvana Savorelli, professionally known as Lara Saint Paul, is an Italian Eritrean singer, entertainer, impresario and record producer. Lara Saint Pauls first public performance was in 1962 at the Festival della canzone italiana, also known as the Sanremo Music Festival and she went by the name of Tanya and performed the ballad I colori della felicità. Her first big success arrived when she returned to the Sanremo Music Festival in 1968 as one of the two performers of the song Mi va di cantare, the other performer was Louis Armstrong, and they performed alongside Lionel Hampton. She also participated in Sanremo in 1972 with Se non fosse tra queste mie braccia lo inventerei and she was a finalist three times in the Sanremo Music Festival. In 1988, Lara Saint Paul was a producer and conductor for the Sanremo Music Festival at the Casinò di Sanremo, Lara Saint Paul has worked with many notable talents in the music industry. In the same year she released an Italian cover version of Killing Me Softly with His Song, originally composed by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel, titled Mi fa morir cantando. Lara Saint Paul has worked and performed with such as Ray Charles, Lionel Hampton, Louis Armstrong, Roberta Flack, Frank Sinatra. One of her 1970s tracks, So, is featured on several current popular music compilations. In 1982, she brought the aerobics craze to Italy, working closely with actress and fitness guru Jane Fonda. The video, book and music album, titled Aerobic Dance and Aerobica Aerobica, the program was a huge hit and went on to achieve cult status in Italy. Aerobic Dance won a Gold Record in Italy for sales, a clothing line and The Aerobic Center fitness clubs licensed with the name Lara Saint Paul were also created that featured the aerobics program. Lara has been featured in television specials in Italy and around Europe, starting with the variety show Quelli Della Domenica in 1968. A 1970-1971 edition of the RAI network TV show Canzonissima featured Lara Saint Paul, bringing Italian film and music personalities together on TV. The 1992 Lara Superspecial show spectacular for Eurovisione and RAI2 was broadcast all over Europe and in 19 countries, featuring Frank Sinatra, Liza Minnelli, Harry Belafonte and this highly successful television special received a special prize from the Italian critica televisa. The Lara Superspecial orchestra was arranged by Gian Marco Gualandi, who participated in Lara Saint Pauls 1992 European Tour. As Lara Cariaggi, in 1995 she co-produced and wrote the television documentary Pavarotti and it was an extensive biography about the life of their friend, opera singer Luciano Pavarotti, and Lara was the interviewer for the documentary. More recently, she was on Italian television for retrospectives featuring the life of Frank Sinatra. On the Rete 4 network in 2005, Lara was the guest star on Iva Zanicchis show Io tra di voi, in 2007, on RAI TG1, Lara starred on the Uno Mattina studio broadcast
41. Nicoletta Mantovani – Luciano Pavarotti, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI was an Italian operatic tenor who also crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time. As one of the Three Tenors, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts, Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died from cancer on 6 September 2007. Luciano Pavarotti was born in 1935 on the outskirts of Modena in Northern Italy, the son of Fernando Pavarotti, a baker and amateur tenor, and Adele Venturi, a cigar factory worker. Although he spoke fondly of his childhood, the family had little money, according to Pavarotti, his father had a fine tenor voice but rejected the possibility of a singing career because of nervousness. World War II forced the family out of the city in 1943, for the following year they rented a single room from a farmer in the neighbouring countryside, where the young Pavarotti developed an interest in farming. After abandoning the dream of becoming a goalkeeper, Pavarotti spent seven years in vocal training. Pavarottis earliest musical influences were his fathers recordings, most of them featuring the popular tenors of the day – Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa, at around the age of nine he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. He was interested in pursuing a career as a football goalkeeper. He subsequently taught in a school for two years but finally allowed his interest in music to win out. Recognising the risk involved, his father gave his consent only reluctantly, Pavarotti began the serious study of music in 1954 at the age of 19 with Arrigo Pola, a respected teacher and professional tenor in Modena who offered to teach him without remuneration. According to conductor Richard Bonynge, Pavarotti never learned to read music and he later said that this was the most important experience of his life, and that it inspired him to become a professional singer. At about this time Pavarotti first met Adua Veroni, like Pavarotti, Freni was destined to operatic greatness, they were to share the stage many times and make memorable recordings together. During his years of study, Pavarotti held part-time jobs in order to sustain himself – first as an elementary school teacher. The first six years of study resulted in only a few recitals, all in small towns, when a nodule developed on his vocal cords, causing a disastrous concert in Ferrara, he decided to give up singing. Pavarotti attributed his immediate improvement to the psychological release connected with this decision, Pavarotti began his career as a tenor in smaller regional Italian opera houses, making his debut as Rodolfo in La bohème at the Teatro Municipale in Reggio Emilia in April 1961. He made his first international appearance in La traviata in Belgrade, very early in his career, on 23 February 1963, he debuted at the Vienna State Opera in the same role. In March and April 1963 Vienna saw Pavarotti again as Rodolfo, while generally successful, Pavarottis early roles did not immediately propel him into the stardom that he would later enjoy
Nicoletta Mantovani – Luciano Pavarotti performing at the opening of the Constantine Palace in Strelna, 31 May 2003. The concert was part of the celebrations for the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg.
Nicoletta Mantovani – With Joan Sutherland in I puritani (1976)
Nicoletta Mantovani – Luciano Pavarotti performing on 15 June 2002 at a concert in the Stade Vélodrome in Marseille
42. Marcella Bella – Giuseppa Marcella Bella is an Italian singer. Her brothers Antonio and Salvatore Bella are famous musicians, and her brother Gianni Bella is another popular singer-songwriter who has composed songs for her. In 1972, she took part in Festival di Sanremo with the song Montagne verdi and she has covered her songs in German, English and Spanish. In 1974 she recorded Nessuno mai, two years later, the Jamaican and German group, Boney M. made an English version, Take the heat off me included in their eponymous album. 1969 Il pagliaccio 1969 Bocca dolce 1971 Hai ragione tu 1972 Montagne verdi 1972 Sole che nasce sole che muore 1972 Un sorriso e poi perdonami 1973 Io domani 1973 Mi. ti. ti. amo,1991 Sotto il vulcano 1993 Tommaso. 1995 Anni dorati 1998 Finalmente insieme 2002 Passato e presente 2005 Uomo bastardo 2007 Forever per sempre 2012 Femmina bella Media related to Marcella Bella at Wikimedia Commons Official website
43. Marvin Gay – Marvin Gaye was an American singer, songwriter and record producer. During the 1970s, he recorded the concept albums Whats Going On and Lets Get It On, Gayes later recordings influenced several contemporary R&B subgenres, such as quiet storm and neo soul. Following a period in Europe as a tax exile in the early 1980s, Gaye released the 1982 Grammy Award-winning hit Sexual Healing, on April 1,1984, Gayes father, Marvin Gay Sr. fatally shot him at their house in the West Adams district of Los Angeles. Marvin Gaye was born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr. on April 2,1939, at Freedmans Hospital in Washington, D. C. to church minister Marvin Gay Sr. and domestic worker Alberta Gay. His first home was in a housing project, the Fairfax Apartments at 1617 1st Street SW in the Southwest Waterfront neighborhood. Although one of the citys oldest neighborhoods, with many elegant Federal-style homes, most buildings were small, in extensive disrepair, and lacked both electricity and running water. The alleys were full of one- and two-story shacks, and nearly every dwelling was overcrowded, Gaye and his friends nicknamed the area Simple City, owing to its being half-city, half country. Gaye was the second eldest of the four children. He had two sisters, Jeanne and Zeola, and one brother, Frankie Gaye and he also had two half-brothers, Michael Cooper, his mothers son from a previous relationship, and Antwaun Carey Gay, born as a result of his fathers extramarital affairs. Gaye started singing in church when he was four years old, Gaye and his family were part of a Pentecostal church known as the House of God. The House of God took its teachings from Hebrew Pentecostalism, advocated strict conduct, Gaye developed a love of singing at an early age and was encouraged to pursue a professional music career after a performance at a school play at 11 singing Mario Lanzas Be My Love. His home life consisted of brutal whippings by his father, who struck him for any shortcoming, the young Gaye described living in his fathers house as similar to. living with a king, a very peculiar, changeable, cruel, and all powerful king. He felt that had his mother not consoled him and encouraged his singing and his sister later explained that Gaye was beaten often, from age seven well into his teenage years. Gaye attended Syphax Elementary School and then Randall Junior High School, Gaye began to take singing much more seriously in junior high, and he joined and became a singing star with the Randall Junior High Glee Club. In 1953 or 1954, the Gays moved into the East Capitol Dwellings public housing project in D. C. s Capitol View neighborhood and their townhouse apartment was Marvins home until 1962. Gaye briefly attended Spingarn High School before transferring to Cardozo High School, at Cardozo, Gaye joined several doo-wop vocal groups, including the Dippers and the D. C. Gayes relationship with his father worsened during his years, as his father would kick him out of the house often. In 1956, 17-year-old Gaye dropped out of school and enlisted in the United States Air Force as a basic airman
Marvin Gay – Washington, D.C.'s Columbia Heights where Marvin Gaye attended Cardozo High School, not far from Deanwood, where he grew up
Marvin Gay – Gaye in 1973
Marvin Gay – A 1959 promotional picture of Harvey and the New Moonglows. Gaye is fourth from the left behind a seated Fuqua.
Marvin Gay – A screenshot of a 1967 performance by Gaye and Terrell during taping of the Today Show.
44. Millaine – Milan is a city in Italy, capital of the Lombardy region, and the most populous metropolitan area and the second most populous comune in Italy. The population of the city proper is 1,351,000, Milan has a population of about 8,500,000 people. It is the industrial and financial centre of Italy and one of global significance. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities, Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and lies at the heart of one of the Four Motors for Europe. Milan is an Alpha leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italys Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks, the city is a major world fashion and design capital, well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students, Milans museums, theatres and landmarks attract over 9 million visitors annually. Milan – after Naples – is the second Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, the city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan is home to two of Europes major football teams, A. C. Milan and F. C. Internazionale, the etymology of Milan is uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio, however, some scholars believe lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory in which Celtic communities used to build shrines. Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe, indeed, the name Mediolanum is borne by about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France, e. g. Saintes and Évreux. Alciato credits Ambrose for his account, around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum, Milan was eventually declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 286 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one, immediately Maximian built several monuments, such as a large circus 470 m ×85 m, the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other buildings. With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians, after the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city, in 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards, conquered Milan, some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne took the title of King of the Lombards, the Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period
45. Mina (singer) – Anna Maria Quaini OMRI, known as Mina Mazzini or simply Mina, is an Italian singer. In performance, Mina combined several styles with traditional Italian melodies and swing music. Mina dominated the charts for fifteen years and reached an unsurpassed level of popularity. She has scored 79 albums and 71 singles on the Italian charts, Minas TV appearances in 1959 were the first for a female rock and roll singer in Italy. Her loud syncopated singing earned her the nickname Queen of Screamers, the public also labeled her the Tiger of Cremona for her wild gestures and body shakes. When she turned to light pop tunes, Minas chart-toppers in West Germany in 1962, Minas more refined sensual manner was introduced in 1960 with Gino Paolis ballad This World We Love In, which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1961. Mina was banned from TV and radio in 1963 because her pregnancy and relationship with an actor did not accord with the dominant Catholic. After the ban, the broadcasting service RAI tried to continue to prohibit her songs. Minas cool act combined sex appeal with public smoking, dyed blonde hair, Minas voice has distinctive timbre and great power. Her main themes are anguished love stories performed in high dramatic tones, the singer combined classic Italian pop with elements of blues, R&B and soul music during the late 1960s, especially when she worked in collaboration with the singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti. The latter song was covered by several performers abroad, shirley Bassey carried Minas ballad Grande grande grande to charts in the U. S. U. K. and other English-speaking countries in 1973, Minas easy listening duet Parole parole was turned into a worldwide hit by Dalida and Alain Delon in 1974. Mina gave up public appearances in 1978 but has continued to release albums on a yearly basis to the present day. Anna Maria Mazzini was born into a family in Busto Arsizio. The family moved to work in Cremona in her childhood and she listened to American rock and roll and jazz records and was a frequent visitor at the Santa Tecla and the Taverna Messicana clubs of Milan, both known for promoting rock and roll. After finishing high school in 1958, she attended college where she majored in accounting. While on summer holiday in Versilia on 8 August 1958, Mazzini gave a performance of the song Unanima tra le mani to amuse her family after a concert at the La Bussola night club. During the following nights, Sergio Bernardini, the owner of the club, in September, she started her solo career with the backing of the band Happy Boys
46. Ornella Vanoni – Ornella Vanoni, OMRI is one of the most credited pop singers of Italy. She is known for her pop style. She started her career in 1960 as a theatrical actress of Bertolt Brecht works. At the same time, she started singing, recording for a high-class public, the folklore and popular songs she reinvented in her recordings of this period, especially the ones connected with organized crime, gave her the nickname cantante della mala. Owing to the songs Senza fine and Che cosa cè written for her by Gino Paoli, next year, she won the Festival of Neapolitan song with Tu si na cosa grande. Casa Bianca, which second, was the subject of a copyright dispute between the composer Don Backy and the Clan Celentano label. Later in the period, Vanoni released the hits Una ragione di più, Unora sola ti vorrei, non Dirmi Niente is Vanonis cover of Burt Bacharachs hit Dont Make Me Over. Lappuntamento, which was composed in 1970, is a cover of the Brazilian song Sentado à Beira do Caminho by Erasmo Carlos, in 1976, Vanoni cooperated with Vinicius de Moraes and Toquinho releasing the hit La voglia, la pazzia, lincoscienza e lallegria. During the 1980s, she released Ricetta di donna, Uomini, in 1989, she returned to Sanremo Festival with the song Io come farò. In 1999, she recorded Alberi, a duet with Enzo Gragnaniello and she was mostly active performing live and as a guest singer in recordings. In 2004, she released a duo album with Gino Paoli to celebrate her 70th birthday, in addition to her singing career, Ornella Vanoni was active in other arts, starring in stage and TV shows, movies, and posing nude for the Italian edition of Playboy magazine. The inclusion of her former hit LAppuntamento on the Oceans Twelve soundtrack sparked a renewal of interest in Ornella Vanoni. Romolo e Remo Canzoni in bikini Amori pericolosi I viaggiatori della sera Much of the content of this comes from the equivalent Italian-language Wikipedia article
47. Randy Crawford – Veronica Randy Crawford is an American jazz and R&B singer. She has been successful in Europe than in the United States. She has had top five hits in the UK, including her 1980 number 2 hit. Despite her American nationality, she won Best British Female Solo Artist in recognition of her popularity in the UK at the 1982 Brit Awards. Crawford first performed at gigs from Cincinnati to Saint-Tropez, but made her name in mid 1970s in New York. She signed with Columbia Records and released her first single, Knock On Wood / If You Say the Word in 1972, Adderley invited her to sing on his album, Big Man, The Legend Of John Henry. During a brief tenure at Columbia Records, Crawford recorded Dont Get Caught in Loves Triangle and she is also one of the vocalists on Fred Wesley & The Horny Horns – A Blow For Me, A Toot To You LP from 1977. In 1978, Crawford sang vocals on Hoping Love Will Last and she led R&B veterans the Crusaders on the transatlantic hit Street Life. A specially re-recorded version was featured in the soundtrack for the films Sharkys Machine and Jackie Brown and she later recorded for Warner Bros. Crawford was named the Most Outstanding Performer at the 1980 Tokyo Music Festival, Randy also recorded the love theme for the film soundtrack of The Competition on MCA Records in 1980. Her follow-up solo efforts included One Day Ill Fly Away and You Might Need Somebody, which became standards. The album, Secret Combination stayed on the UK Albums Chart for sixty weeks, after which her profile dipped and she continued to record for Warner Bros through the 1990s, but was unable to score either a big R&B hit or major crossover success. She enjoyed her highest profile of the decade when rising starlet Shola Ama had a hit with her 1997 cover of You Might Need Somebody. Crawford recorded a session with Joe Sample on July 24,2007. The episode she shared with David Gilmour and Amos Lee was screened on the Sundance Channel in the US and she has sung with Bootsy Collins, Johnny Bristol, Quincy Jones, Al Jarreau, Rick Springfield, Steve Hackett, and Joe Sample among others. Complete discography at music-was-my-first-love. com Randy Crawford biography at musicianguide. com Randy Crawford at Vh1 Randy Crawford at the Internet Movie Database
Randy Crawford – Randy Crawford
48. R & B – Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
49. Roberta Flack – Roberta Cleopatra Flack is an American singer and musician. Flack lived with a family, born in Black Mountain, North Carolina to parents Laron LeRoy and Irene Flack a church organist, on February 10,1939 and raised in Arlington. Her interests in performing were inspired when she discovered the work of Mahalia Jackson, when Flack was nine, she started taking an interest in playing the piano, and during her early teens, Flack so excelled at classical piano that Howard University awarded her a full music scholarship. By age 15, she entered Howard University, making her one of the youngest students ever to enroll there and she eventually changed her major from piano to voice, and became an assistant conductor of the university choir. Her direction of a production of Aida received an ovation from the Howard University faculty. Flack is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority and was made a member of Tau Beta Sigma by the Eta Delta Chapter at Howard University for her outstanding work in promoting music education. Roberta Flack became a student teacher at a school near Chevy Chase, before becoming a professional singer-songwriter, Flack returned to Washington, D. C. and taught at Browne Junior High and Rabaut Junior High. She also taught piano lessons out of her home on Euclid St. NW. During this period, her career began to take shape on evenings and weekends in Washington. At the Tivoli Club, she accompanied opera singers at the piano, during intermissions, she would sing blues, folk, and pop standards in a back room, accompanying herself on the piano. Later, she performed several nights a week at the 1520 Club, around this time, her voice teacher, Frederick Wilkie Wilkerson, told her that he saw a brighter future for her in pop music than in the classics. She modified her repertoire accordingly and her reputation spread, Flack began singing professionally after being hired to perform regularly at Mr. Henrys Restaurant, on Capitol Hill, Washington, DC in 1968. Mr. Henry’s was owned by Henry Yaffe and it is still in operation at 6th and Pennsylvania Ave, SE. The atmosphere in Mr. Henry’s was welcoming and the club turned into a showcase for the music teacher. Her voice mesmerized locals and word spread, a-list entertainers who were appearing in town would come in late at night to hear her sing. As Yaffe recalled, “She told me if I could give her work there three nights a week, she would quit teaching. ”To meet Roberta’s exacting standards, Yaffe transformed the apartment above the bar into the Roberta Flack Room. “I got the oak paneling from the old Dodge Hotel near Union Station, I put in heavy upholstered chairs, sort of a conservative style from the 50s and an acoustical system designed especially for Roberta. Les McCann discovered Flack singing and playing jazz in a Washington nightclub and he later said on the liner notes of what would be her first album First Take noted below, Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion Ive ever known
Roberta Flack – Roberta Flack in concert in 1992
Roberta Flack – Roberta Flack with Donny Hathaway.
Roberta Flack – Flack performing in Boston, Mass., on August 28, 2013
50. List of soul genres – Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
51. The Pointer Sisters – The Pointer Sisters are an American R&B singing group from Oakland, California, that achieved mainstream success during the 1970s and 1980s. Spanning over four decades, their repertoire has included such genres as pop, disco, jazz, electronic music, bebop, blues, soul, funk, dance, country. The Pointer Sisters have won three Grammy Awards and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1994, the group had 13 US top 20 hits between 1973 and 1985. The group had its origins when sisters June and Bonnie Pointer began performing in clubs in 1969 as Pointers, the line-up grew to a trio when sister Anita Pointer joined them. They scored a deal with Atlantic Records and released several unsuccessful singles. The trio grew to a quartet when sister Ruth joined in December 1972 and they then signed with Blue Thumb Records, recorded their debut album, and began seeing more success, winning a Grammy Award in 1975 for Best Country Vocal Performance for Fairytale. Bonnie left the group in 1978 to commence a career with only modest success. The group achieved its greatest commercial success as a trio during the 1980s consisting of the line-up of June, Ruth, and Anita, winning two more Grammys for the top 10 hits Jump and Automatic. The groups other U. S. top 10 hits are Fire, Hes So Shy, Slow Hand, the remixed version of Im So Excited and Neutron Dance. June Pointer, the youngest sister, struggled with addiction for much of her career, leaving the group in April 2004 and dying from extensive cancer in April 2006. She was replaced by Ruths daughter Issa Pointer and this trio had a number two hit in Belgium in 2005, covering Sisters Are Doin It for Themselves with Belgian singer Natalia. Since 2009, the group has consisted of Anita, Ruth, Issa, while all four women remain in the group, they most often perform as a trio rotating the lineup as needed. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked them as the 80th most successful artists of all-time. As children in West Oakland, the Pointer sisters and brothers were encouraged to listen to and sing music by their parents Reverend Elton Pointer. However, they were rock and roll and the blues were the devils music. They regularly sang at a local Church of God in Christ congregation in West Oakland, the sisters graduated from Oakland Technical High School, Ruth in 1963, Anita in 1965, and Bonnie in 1968. After leaving school Ruth, the oldest sister, was married with two children Faun and Malik, Anita, the second oldest sister, also was married with a child Jada. Bonnie, the third oldest sister, and June sought a business career and they formed a duo, Pointers
52. Demographics of Tokyo – Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government, Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868, Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo, the metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the wards is over 9 million people. The prefecture is part of the worlds most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people, the city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit, the city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV, Tokyo MX, TV Tokyo, TV Asahi, Nippon Television, NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System. Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index. The city is considered a world city – as listed by the GaWCs 2008 inventory – and in 2014. In 2015, Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle, the Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index, the 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student. Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1979 G-7 summit, the 1986 G-7 summit, and the 1993 G-7 summit, and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, Tokyo was originally known as Edo, which means estuary. During the early Meiji period, the city was also called Tōkei, some surviving official English documents use the spelling Tokei. However, this pronunciation is now obsolete, the name Tokyo was first suggested in 1813 in the book Kondō Hisaku, written by Satō Nobuhiro. When Ōkubo Toshimichi proposed the renaming to the government during the Meiji Restoration, according to Oda Kanshi, Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province. Edo was first fortified by the Edo clan, in the twelfth century
Demographics of Tokyo – Clockwise from top: Nishi-Shinjuku, Rainbow Bridge, National Diet Building, Shibuya, Tokyo Skytree
Demographics of Tokyo – Satellite photo of Tokyo's 23 Special wards taken by NASA 's Landsat 7
Demographics of Tokyo – Tokugawa Ieyasu
Demographics of Tokyo – Ginza area in 1933
53. UA Records – Brazilian soprano Bidu Sayão was the featured soloist on the unusual recording, which was released on both LP and reel-to-reel tape. Berry Gordy placed a number of early Motown acts with UA including Marv Johnson, UA signed Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller ro produce the variety of artists signed to the label after they left Atlantic. They had hits with the Exciters, Bobby Goldsboro, Jay and the Americans, UA also covered folk with the inclusion of Gordon Lightfoot on the roster, and easy listening mood music with the piano duo Ferrante & Teicher. The soundtracks from the James Bond movies and A Hard Days Night were very popular United Artists releases in the 1960s. However, the soundtrack album of United Artists film musical, West Side Story, was released by Columbia Records. As Henry Mancini was signed to RCA Victor, that handled the soundtracks of the United Artists films that he composed the music for. In addition to soundtracks and pop output, United Artists also produced a series of records under the Tale Spinners For Children name throughout the 1960s. These were album-length adaptations of fairy tales and childrens stories done in an audio drama format. United Artists also had a few labels, Unart, Ascot, United Artists Jazz, Musicor Ultra Audio. Unart was initially created in 1958 and was only in operation until 1959 producing some vocal group 45 singles, United Artists involvement with jazz was significant. The company recruited Alan Douglas in 1960 to run its new jazz department, the companys jazz included albums by Duke Ellington and Art Farmer, although there were only a few jazz titles after about 1963. In 1961, designer and photographer Frank Gauna who worked with Alan Douglas joined the company as art director after Candid Records was discontinued, Gauna photographed and designed a variety of album covers for the company. Around 1966 a subsidiary jazz label Solid State was founded, which lasted until 1969, on recordings by the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra and Chick Corea. After the merger, Libertys ownership of Blue Note resulted in Solid States artists being transferred to the more prestigious label, and Solid State itself was wound up. In 1966 United Artists acquired the masters of Sue Records, a New York R&B/soul label whose artist roster included Ike & Tina Turner, Justine Baby Washington, some Sue material was reissued on Unart. United Artists Special Projects were budget records designed for product and movie tie-ins, in 1969, United Artists merged with co-owned Liberty Records and its subsidiary Imperial Records. Mainstream pop acts were signed to the label, among them being Traffic, the Spencer Davis Group, Peter Sarstedt, Shirley Bassey, the label also attempted, without success, to update the style of 1950s rock group Bill Haley & His Comets with a 1968 single. Later, through a deal with Don Ardens Jet Records
UA Records – United Artists Records
UA Records – An earlier version of the United Artists Records logo used from 1960 through 1968
UA Records – United Artists Records logo used from 1968 to 1971 at the time when it was co-owned with Liberty Records.
54. Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves – It recollects the story of Jewish exiles in Babylon after the loss of the First Temple in Jerusalem. The opera with its powerful chorus established Verdi as a composer in 19th-century Italy. The full incipit is Va, pensiero, sullali dorate, meaning Go, thought, on golden wings. Some scholars initially thought that the chorus was intended to be an anthem for Italian patriots, Other recent research has discussed several of Verdis works from the 1840s emphasising their ostensible political meaning. The proposal was discussed for some time and then abandoned until 2009, when Senator Umberto Bossi took it up again. However, Bossis political party, Lega Nord/Padania, has adopted Va, pensiero as its official hymn, Verdi composed Nabucco at a difficult moment in his life. His wife and small children had all just died and he had contracted with La Scala to write another opera and the director forced the libretto into his hands. Returning home, Verdi happened to open the libretto at Va, pensiero and seeing the phrase, at first rehearsal the stagehands shouted their approval, then beat on the floor and the sets with their tools to create an even noisier demonstration. As he was subsequently to note, Verdi felt that this is the opera with which my career really begins. And though I had many difficulties to fight against, it is certain that Nabucco was born under a lucky star, upon Verdis death, along his funerals cortege in the streets of Milan, bystanders started spontaneous choruses of Va, pensiero. A month later, when he was reinterred alongside his wife at the Casa di Riposo, werfel, Franz and Stefan, Paul, Verdi, The Man in his Letters, New York, Vienna House,1973. ISBN 0-8443-0088-8 Other sources Budden, Julian, the Operas of Verdi, Vol.1
Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves – Melody and first verse of "Va, pensiero"

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