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Timestamp: 2019-04-23 18:56:24+00:00

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Direct integration of high-performance laser diodes on silicon will dramatically transform the world of photonics, expediting the progress toward low-cost and compact photonic integrated circuits (PICs) on the mainstream silicon platform. Here, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first 1.3 μm room-temperature continuous-wave InAs quantum-dot micro-disk lasers epitaxially grown on industrial-compatible Si (001) substrates without offcut. The lasing threshold is as low as hundreds of microwatts, similar to the thresholds of identical lasers grown on a GaAs substrate. The heteroepitaxial structure employed here does not require the use of an absorptive germanium buffer and/or dislocation filter layers, both of which impede the efficient coupling of light from the laser active regions to silicon waveguides. This allows for full compatibility with the extensive silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The large-area virtual GaAs (on Si) substrates can be directly adopted in various mature in-plane laser configurations, both optically and electrically. Thus, this demonstration represents a major advancement toward the commercial success of fully integrated silicon photonics.
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Fig. 1. Epitaxial InAs QDs micro-disks on GoVS substrate. (a) Procedure of growing antiphase-domain-free GaAs thin films out of a highly ordered array of planar GaAs nanowires on silicon substrates with diamond-shaped pockets. (b) AFM image of approximately 1 μm coalesced GaAs thin film grown on the nanowire arrays. The vertical bar is 25 nm. (c) Schematic of the as-grown structure of micro-disk lasers. (d)–(f) Cross-sectional TEM images of the V-grooved structure, showing stacking faults (indicated by the blue arrows) trapped by the Si pockets. (g) Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the as grown structures on the GoVS template and a GaAs substrate at a pump power density of 4.7 kW / cm 2 .
Fig. 2. SEM images of a 4 μm fabricated micro-disk. (a) 90° tilted view of the disk, showing vertical profile. (b) 70° tilted view of the disk, revealing smooth sidewall. (c) Top-down view of the disk, showing circularity.
Fig. 3. Laser operation of a 4 μm diameter micro-disk on GoVS. (a) PL spectra taken at increasing pump powers. (b) Sub-threshold spectrum (165 μW). The symbols represent measured data; the blue line is a fit to the broad InAs QDs photoluminescence spectrum background; and the red line is a fit to the narrow cavity emission. (c) High-resolution spectrum at 165 μW. The symbols represent measured data; the red line is a fitting sum of the measured data using bi-Lorentzian curves; and the green line is a fit to the narrow cavity emission. (d) Above-threshold spectrum (248 μW). The symbols represent measured data; the blue line is a fit to the broad InAs QDs photoluminescence spectrum background; and the red line is a fit to the narrow cavity emission. (e) Integrated photoluminescence intensity of the dominant mode as a function of pump power in the log-log scale.
Fig. 4. Statistical analysis of lasing behavior of micro-disks fabricated on GoVS and GaAs. (a), (b) Histogram of the lasing wavelength for each measured device on GoVS and GaAs, respectively. The average lasing threshold of the devices within each histogram bar is denoted by the number displayed on top of it. The normalized photoluminescence spectrum of the unprocessed sample is denoted in red. (c) Lasing threshold is plotted as a function of a lasing wavelength for micro-disks fabricated on GoVS (red stars) and GaAs (black spheres).

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