Source: https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-27-4-4858
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 11:52:13+00:00

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Complex diffusive scattering media pose significant challenges for light focusing as well as optical imaging to be implemented in practice. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the wavefront shaping technique can be applied to realize focusing and imaging through scattering medium. Here we report dynamic optical manipulation of particles through turbid media by employing the interleaved segment wavefront correction method, which is an improved genetic algorithm providing faster convergence speed and higher peak to background ratio. Manipulating micro-beads behind a scattering medium along both one and two dimensional predesigned trajectories in real time has been successfully demonstrated.
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Silberberg, Y. J. N. p.
» Visualization 1 Experimental results for refocusing scattered light and trapping particles through a scattering medium by using the ISC method, associated with Fig. 3.
» Visualization 2 Experimental results of manipulating a silica bead through a scattering media in a one dimensional trajectory, associated with Fig. 4.
» Visualization 3 Experimental results of manipulating silica beads through a scattering media along a rectangular trajectory, associated with Fig. 5.
» Visualization 4 Experimental results of manipulating silica beads through a scattering media along a circular trajectory, associated with Fig. 5.
Fig. 1 Principle of the interleaved segment correction (ISC) method. (a) The pixel array of an SLM is divided into 180 × 180 segments, and each segment contains 6 × 6 pixels; (b) All segments are divided into nine interleaved groups, as marked by the numbers; (c) Each individual section is optimized in sequence, the optimized phase in each segment is labeled with different colors; (d) Final correction phase, which is obtained by merging the 9 independent correction phases.
Fig. 2 Experimental setup for demonstrations of refocusing of the scattered light and particle manipulation behind a scattering medium. L: Lens, M: Mirror, SLM: Spatial light modulator, Obj: Objective lens, BS: Beam splitter, F: Filter. The inset displays the scattering medium S (cover glass coated with a thin layer of milk) and the cuvette containing particles (silica beads with diameter of 3 µm).
Fig. 3 Experimental results for refocusing scattered light and trapping particles through a scattering medium by using the ISC method. (a) The speckles behind the scattering medium without phase correction; (b) Refocused scattered light with a correction phase after 900 optimization iteration; (c) The optimized phase pattern; (d) Refocusing 3 points simultaneously through the scattering medium; (e) The corresponding optimized phase pattern for refocusing the scattering light into 3 spots; (f)-(i) Trapping a bead through scattering medium by using the refocused beam, where the white triangle marks the focal point of the recollected scattered light (see Visualization 1); (j) Capturing three beads simultaneously through the scattering medium (Scale bar: 10 µm).
Fig. 4 Experimental results of manipulating a silica bead through a scattering media in a one dimensional trajectory. (a)-(e) display the time resolved particle manipulation process (see Visualization 2), where the dotted and solid circles indicate the starting and current positions of the silica bead, and the dashed arrow points the particle moving direction. (Scale bar: 10 µm).
Fig. 5 Experimental results of manipulating silica beads through a scattering media along two dimensional trajectories. (a)-(e) and (f)-(j) display the time resolved particle motion along a rectangular and circular trajectory(see Visualization 3 and Visualization 4), respectively. The white arrow indicates the moving direction of the trapped bead, and the dotted line traces the trajectory of the bead. (Scale bar: 10 µm).
Fig. 6 Experimental evaluation of the range of the memory effect. (a) Focused scattering light at different blazed grating phase; (b) The normalized light intensity of the focal point corresponding to (a) as a function of the distance shifted from the central position.
Fig. 7 Comparison of two different approaches for generating multiple focal points behind the scattering medium. (a) Result by superimposing a multi-focusing phase hologram and the optimized phase (CGH); (b) Result by directly optimizing multiple focal points with the ISC method (3 Points); (c) Intensity profiles along the white dashed lines in (a) and (b).
(2) P= k 1 x+ k 2 y.

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