Source: http://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=45950:am-p-02-1564&amp;catid=1459&amp;Itemid=566
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 01:58:57+00:00

Document:
CONCERNED EMPLOYEE, Complainant, v. GLENDA ESPIRITU MAYOR, Court Stenographer, RTC, Branch 72, Olongapo City, Respondent.
This administrative matter concerns a court employee called to task for her sexual liaisons with a married man. While the recommended sanction merits affirmance, the story behind this case contains previously unappreciated nuances which deserve full consideration and discussion.
Respondent Glenda E. Mayor secured a temporary appointment in 1990 as Court Stenographer III of Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 72, Olongapo City.1 On 29 October 1998, a letter addressed to then Court Administrator Alfredo Benipayo adverted to several immoral activities, characterized by promiscuous sexual behavior, on the part of respondent. The letter-writer also alleged that respondent had been unable to pass her Civil Service Eligibility Exams and noted that "her boss the famous Judge E. Ubadias, has been exhausting all possibilities lately so Glenda Mayor can extend and renew her appointment. [The letter-writer is] just curious and wondering about the preference given to Glenda Mayor by Judge Ubiadias because the former has a bad reputation in the entire Hall of Justice."2 The letter was signed by a "Concerned Employee," whose true identity has never been revealed.
The letter was referred to then RTC Executive Judge Leopoldo T. Calderon, Jr.3 of Olongapo City for Discreet Investigation and Report. On 30 April 1999, Judge Calderon submitted his findings in a Report. The Report stated that on 19 May 1998, respondent filed a complaint for parental recognition and support of her child, Glen Hzelle Joseph E. Mayor, with the Olongapo RTC presided by Judge Calderon himself against Neslie L. LeaÃ±o, a married policeman. In her complaint, respondent alleged that she was single, and that her child was born on 14 May 1997, "after a short courtship during which [respondent] was made to believe that [LeaÃ±o] was single."4 The Report further stated that on 3 February 1999, respondent and LeaÃ±o submitted a compromise agreement, wherein LeaÃ±o admitted paternity of the child and promised to provide support for the child. The compromise agreement formed the basis of a Decision which has since become final.5 The Report also noted that respondent testified during the hearing on her action for support that she and LeaÃ±o had sexual trysts on several occasions, beginning in February of 1996.6 The Report concluded that incontrovertible evidence established that respondent had "indulged in an illegal and immoral sexual relationship with a married man, openly, and in an (sic) scandalous manner." Judge Calderon recommended that respondent's temporary appointment should not be renewed after its lapse.7 No reference was made in the Report as to the other allegations adverted to in the anonymous letter.
Judge Ubiadas' report was submitted to the OCA for evaluation, report and recommendation. On 3 October 2003, the OCA, through Deputy Court Administrator (DCA) Jose P. Perez, issued a Memorandum, wherein it was recommended that respondent be found guilty of disgraceful and immoral conduct and that she be suspended for six (6) months without pay with warning that a repetition of the same or similar offense in the future would be dealt with more severely.11 The OCA conceded that there was no subsequent substantiation of the allegations in the letter-complaint. However, as it was undisputed that respondent had given birth to a child out of wedlock, such finding alone was sufficient ground to warrant the imposition of an administrative sanction against the respondent for disgraceful and immoral conduct, the OCA noted.12 Also cited was the previous conclusion of the late Judge Calderon that respondent had engaged in an illegal and immoral sexual relationship with a married man, openly and in a scandalous manner.
At the same time, the Court's "imperative sacred duty" does not warrant any rush to judgment, regardless of the rank of the employee or the gravity of the charges. Due caution must especially be observed in cases such as this, where the complainant has not been openly identified and where the accusations are particularly vituperative in nature. Gossip regarding one's sexual proclivities is rarely flattering to its subject, and often demeaning. Unsubstantiated charges as to sexual misconduct, especially those made from behind the convenient cloak of anonymity, deserve immediate and emphatic rebuke from this Court, lest we engender an atmosphere of sexual McCarthyism.
Administrative penalties must be supported by substantial evidence for the imposition thereof.14 The constitutional imperative is that due process must always be observed.15 Unquestionably, respondent has been informed of the charges against her and afforded the opportunity to respond thereto. The question that remains is whether the evidence presented warrants the imposition of an administrative penalty.
Simple as the facts of the case may sound, the effects of the actuations of respondent are not only far from simple, they will have a rippling effect on how the standard norms of our legal practitioners should be defined. Perhaps morality in our liberal society today is a far cry from what it used to be before. This permissiveness notwithstanding, lawyers, as keepers of public faith, are burdened with a higher degree of social responsibility and thus must handle their personal affairs with greater caution. The facts of this case lead us to believe that perhaps respondent would not have found herself in such a compromising situation had she exercised prudence and been more vigilant in finding out more about Carlos Ui's personal background prior to her intimate involvement with him.
Surely, circumstances existed which should have at least aroused respondent's suspicion that something was amiss in her relationship with Carlos Ui, and moved her to ask probing questions. For instance, respondent admitted that she knew that Carlos Ui had children with a woman from Amoy, China, yet it appeared that she never exerted the slightest effort to find out if Carlos Ui and this woman were indeed unmarried. Also, despite their marriage in 1987, Carlos Ui never lived with respondent and their first child, a circumstance that is simply incomprehensible considering respondent's allegation that Carlos Ui was very open in courting her.
All these taken together leads to the inescapable conclusion that respondent was imprudent in managing her personal affairs. However, the fact remains that her relationship with Carlos Ui, clothed as it was with what respondent believed was a valid marriage, cannot be considered immoral. For immorality connotes conduct that shows indifference to the moral norms of society and the opinion of good and respectable members of the community. Moreover, for such conduct to warrant disciplinary action, the same must be "grossly immoral," that is, it must be so corrupt and false as to constitute a criminal act or so unprincipled as to be reprehensible to a high degree.
Thus, any judicial pronouncement that an activity constitutes "disgraceful and immoral" behavior under the contemplation of the Civil Service law must satisfy the test that such conduct is regulated on account of the concerns of public and secular morality. Such judicial declarations cannot be mere effectuations of personal bias, notably those colored by particular religious mores. Nor would the demand be satisfied by the haphazard invocation of "cultural" values, without a convincing demonstration that these cultural biases have since been recognized and given accord within the realm of public policy. The Constitution and the statutes of the land would serve as especially authoritative sources of recognition, since they are irrefutable as to what the public policy is. At the same time, the constitutional protections afforded under the Bill of Rights should be observed, to the extent that they protect behavior that may be frowned upon by the majority.
Under these tests, we can draw two conclusions arising from the fact that a single woman gives birth out of wedlock.
If the father of the child is himself unmarried, the woman is not ordinarily administratively liable for disgraceful and immoral conduct. The situation may not be desirable, and may cause complications in the life of both mother and child, but it does not give cause for administrative sanction. There is no law penalizing such an unmarried mother under those circumstances by reason of her sexual conduct, or for that matter, proscribing the consensual sexual activity between two unmarried persons. Neither does the sexual behavior among single persons contravene any fundamental state policy as contained in the Constitution, a document that accommodates various belief systems irrespective of dogmatic origins.
On the other hand, if the father of the child born out of wedlock is himself married to a woman other than the mother, then there could be cause for administrative sanction against either the father or mother. In this case, the "disgraceful and immoral conduct" consists of having extra-marital relations with a married person. Even if not all forms of extra-marital relations are punishable under penal law, the sanctity of marriage is constitutionally recognized28 and likewise affirmed by our statutes as a special contract of permanent union.29 Accordingly, the Court has had little qualms with penalizing judicial employees for their dalliances with married persons or for their own betrayals of the marital vow of fidelity.
Thus, respondent's possible sanction arises not from her having had a child out of wedlock, but from her sexual relations with a married man. That respondent and Neslie LeaÃ±o engaged in extra-marital trysts is uncontroverted, admitted by respondent herself in her verified complaint for parental recognition and support filed on 19 May 1998. Moreover, the illicit liaison occurred during her employment with the judiciary. These circumstances were considered by the OCA in arriving at its recommendation.
Had respondent indeed not known that LeaÃ±o was married when they commenced their relationship, such lack of awareness may constitute a valid defense for her actions. It is not beyond belief that she would not have known of LeaÃ±o's existing marriage.
The legal effect of such ignorance deserves due consideration, if only for intellectual clarity. The act of having sexual relations with a married person, or of married persons having sexual relations outside their marriage is considered "disgraceful and immoral" conduct because such manifests deliberate disregard by the actor of the marital vows protected by the Constitution and our laws. The perversion is especially egregious if committed by judicial personnel, those persons specifically tasked with the administration of justice and the laws of the land. However, the malevolent intent that normally characterizes the act is not present when the employee is unaware that his/her sexual partner is actually married. This lack of awareness may extenuate the cause for the penalty, as it did in the aforementioned Ui case.
Significantly, this admitted encounter in May of 1998 occurred about one year after respondent's child was born on 14 May 1997. Thus, while respondent may have been truthful in asserting that she had not known LeaÃ±o was married when they commenced their affair, or when LeaÃ±o had impregnated her, the fact remains that even long after respondent knew LeaÃ±o was married, she still consented to indulge in sexual congress with him.
Had respondent desisted from continuing her affair with LeaÃ±o after learning he was married, this would have exhibited not only prudence on her part, but also a willingness to respect a legal institution safeguarded by our laws and the Constitution. Yet her persistence in maintaining sexual relations with LeaÃ±o after that revelation instead manifests a willful subversion of the legal order, a disposition we are unwilling to condone, even if avowed in the name of love. The Court, like all well-meaning persons, has no desire to dash romantic fancies, yet in the exercise of its duty, is all too willing when necessary to raise the wall that tears Pyramus and Thisbe asunder.
The conclusion of the OCA that respondent is guilty of disgraceful and immoral conduct is correct, albeit for the reasons we do not share.
WHEREFORE, the Court finds respondent Glenda E. Mayor, Court Stenographer III, RTC, Branch 72, Olongapo City, GUILTY of Disgraceful and Immoral Conduct and orders that she be SUSPENDED for six (6) months without pay with WARNING that a repetition of the same or similar offense in the future shall be dealt with more severely.
1 Rollo, p. 70. Her appointment was consistently renewed until she passed the Stenographer's Examination given by the Pampanga Civil Service Regional Office in 2000, after which she was accorded permanent status on 26 February 2001.
3 Then Presiding Judge of RTC, Branch 75, Olongapo City.
9 Presiding Judge of RTC, Branch 72, Olongapo City, the same sala wherein Mayor was employed. The former RTC Olongapo City Executive Judge Leopoldo Calderon, Jr. died in the interim. See Rollo, p. 95.
10 Vide Report and Recommendation dated 22 July 2003 by Judge E. Ubadias, p. 2.
11 Vide Memorandum dated 3 October 2003, p.2.
13 Recto v. Racelis, A.M. No. P-182, 30 April 1976, 70 SCRA 438, 443.
14 See Bautista v. Guevarra, A.M. No. 2278-MJ, 11 July 1986, 142 SCRA 632, 636.
15 See Section 1, Article III, Const.
16 Section 23(o), Rule XIV of the Administrative Code of 1987 (Implementing Rules) classifies "disgraceful and immoral conduct" as a grave offense, punishable with six (6) months and one (1) day to one (1) year suspension for the first offense, and dismissal for the second offense.
17 Cited in particular was Kee v. Calingin, A.M. No. P-02-1663, 29 July 2003, 407 SCRA 325.
18 See e.g., Soberano v. Villanueva, 116 Phil. 1208, 1211-1212 (1962); Reyes v. Wong, A.C. No. 547, 29 January 1975, 63 SCRA 667, 673-674 (Per editors of SCRA, inadvertently omitted in SCRA vol. 62); Radaza v. Tejano, 193 Phil. 433, 437-438 (1981); MontaÃ±a v. Ruado, A.C. No. 507, 24 February 1975, 62 SCRA 382; Arciga v. Maniwang, A.C. No. 1608, 14 August 1981, 106 SCRA 591, 596; and Ui v. Atty. Bonifacio, 388 Phil. 691, 707-708 (2000).
19 See e.g., Soberano v. Villanueva, supra note 18, at 1211-1212; Reyes v. Wong, supra note 18 at 673-674; and Arciga v. Maniwang, supra note 18 at 596.
20 388 Phil. 691 (2000).
WHEREFORE, the complaint for disbarment against respondent Atty. Iris L. Bonifacio, for alleged immorality, is hereby DISMISSED.
24 A.M. No. P-02-1651, 4 August 2003, 408 SCRA 1.
28 See Section 2, Art. XV, Const.
29 See Art. 1, Family Code.
30 In her complaint in Civil Case No. 201-0-98, Mayor stated: "Plaintiff is the mother of the above-named minor with the defendant Neslie L. LeaÃ±o. The minor plaintiff was born on May 14, 1997 after a short courtship during which the ad litem guardian was made to believe that defendant is single;" Rollo, p. 4.
31 TSN in Civil Case No. 201-0-98 dated 7 August 1998, p. 15, vide Rollo, p. 41.
32 TSN in Civil Case No. 201-0-98 dated 31 July 1998, vide Rollo, p. 20.

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