Source: http://supreme.nolo.com/us/205/444/case.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 06:35:37+00:00

Document:
Under § 6 of the Circuit Court of Appeals Act of March 3, 1891, 26 Stat. 826, the certificate of the circuit court of appeals as to questions or propositions of law concerning which it desires instruction must present a distinct point of law, clearly stated, which can be decided without passing upon the weight or effect of the advice on which the question arises, and if not so presented, this Court is without jurisdiction, and where the question certified practically brings up the entire case, and this Court is asked to pass upon the validity of a contract and indicate what the final judgment should be, the certificate will be dismissed and the questions not answered.
This case is before the court upon a question certified by the circuit court of appeals under the sixth section of the Judiciary Act of March 3, 1891, providing that, in every case within its appellate jurisdiction, a circuit court of appeals may certify to this Court any questions or propositions of law concerning which it desires instruction for the proper decision of such case. 26 Stat. 826, c. 517.
"The judgment which the writ of error challenges was rendered after a trial and a verdict of a jury for $5,000 damages caused to the defendant in error, who will hereafter be called the plaintiff, by the negligence of the servants of the railway company, the defendant below, in the operation of a cattle train, in the caboose of which the plaintiff was riding under this contract:"
ssued by Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company."
"Agents of this company are not authorized to agree to forward livestock to be delivered at any specified time or for any particular market."
"Agents will permit only the names of the owners or bona fide employees, who accompany the stock, to be entered on the back of the contract without regard to passes allowed by number of cars."
"The contract, when indorsed by the person or persons in charge and signed in ink by agent, will entitle such person or persons to ride on same train with stock to care for same, but will not entitle holder of contract to ride on any other train, nor will contract be accepted for passage on any passenger train."
"Conductor of freight train must punch contract, or, in absence of punch, will indorse his name on back of contract when presented for passage."
"Livestock contracts are not good for return passage. Parties entitled to return passage will be provided with return ticket on application to proper office. Conductors will be held strictly responsible for permitting persons to ride on stock contracts except when in charge of livestock."
"This contract, made and entered into this 26 day of Sep., 1903, by and between Ed Williams of Robertson, of the first part, and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company, of the second part."
"Witnesseth, That for and in consideration of 23 1/2 per cwt., subject to minimum weights as shown in published tariffs, the said railway company agrees to transport 2 cars loaded with cattle (number of cars, number of waybill, and number of animals as noted above), from Robertson to U.S. yds. consigned to Drumm Com. Co., and the said first party, in consideration thereof, agrees to deliver the said animals to the said railway company, for transportation between the points aforesaid, upon the following terms, viz.:"
"That whereas the said first party, before delivering the said animals to said railway company, demanded to be advised of the rate to be charged for the carriage of said animals, as aforesaid, and thereupon was offered by the said railway company alternative rates proportionate to the value of the said animals, such value to be fixed and declared by the first party or his agent, and"
"Whereas such alternative rates are made in pursuance of the provisions relating thereto of the classification of freights adopted as regulations by the said railway company, and fully set forth as follows, to-wit:"
"Live Stock.-Ratings given above are based upon declared valuations by shippers, not exceeding the following:"
"Whereas the first party, in order to avail himself of said alternative rates, and to secure the benefit thereof, has declared and does hereby declare said animals to be of the value as follows, to-wit: each steer, value $50.00."
"To which value the rate aforesaid is proportioned by the classifications and tariffs aforesaid."
"Now, in consideration of the premises and of the foregoing, it is expressly agreed that, for all purposes connected with, resulting from, or in any manner growing out of this contract and the transportation of the said animals pursuant thereto, the value of the said animals and of each thereof shall in no case exceed the said valuation."
It is further agreed, in consideration of the alternative rate so made by the said railway company and accepted by the first party, that in case of loss or of damage to said animals, whether resulting from accident or negligence of said railway company, or its servants, the said railway company shall not be liable in excess of the actual loss or damage, and in no case shall the said railway company be liable in any manner in excess of the agreed valuation upon each animal lost or damaged. Nor shall said railway company be liable for loss or damage after delivery to any connecting line, nor for any loss or damage not incurred upon its own line, but, nevertheless, in the event that the said animals are to be transported beyond the line of the railway of the second party upon and by any connecting line forming a part of the system known as the "Burlington System," then it is expressly understood and agreed that this contract shall be for, and shall inure to the benefit of, the corporation operating such connecting line, and such connecting line shall be liable to perform all the obligations of this contract.
in no case be liable for any loss or damage to said animals unless a claim shall be made in writing by the owner or owners thereof, or his or their agents, and delivered to a general freight agent of the said railway company, or to the agent of said railway company at the station from which the animals are shipped, or to the agent at the point of destination, within ten (10) days from the time the said animals are removed from the cars. And, in case of loss or damage upon any connecting line, such connecting line shall not be in any manner liable unless claim shall be made in like manner in writing to such general officer or agent of such connecting line.
"And in consideration of free transportation for one person, designated by the first party, hereby given by said railway company, such persons to accompany the stock, it is agreed that the said cars, and the said animals contained therein, are and shall be in the sole charge of such persons, for the purpose of attention to and care of the said animals, and that the said railway company shall not be responsible for such attention and care; and, further, that the second party shall not be liable to the first party, or any of his servants, agents, or copartners, or other person, carried pursuant to this contract, for any injury or damage, from whatever cause, suffered or incurred while being so carried. And the first party agrees that, before setting out upon the journey, he will fully inform each of the persons to be carried pursuant hereto of the provisions of this contract in this regard."
"It is agreed that the said animals are to be loaded, unloaded, watered, and fed by the owner or his agent in charge; that the second party shall not be liable for loss from theft, heat, or cold, jumping from car, or other escape, injury in loading or unloading, injury which animals may cause to themselves or to each other, or which result from the nature or propensities of such animals, and that the railway company does not agree to deliver the stock at destination at any specified time, nor for any particular market."
and the hand of the first party, the day and year first above written."
"Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway Company,"
"By C. M. Holt, Agent"
"If this contract is for two or more cars, and is presented to the company's agents at the below-named addresses within three days from date, it may be exchanged for a return pass for the above-named party in charge, it being distinctly understood that said pass must be used the same day as issued."
"Atchison, Kans., General Agent's Office"
"Beardstown, Ill., Local Freight Agent's Office"
"Burlington, Iowa, Division Freight Agent's Office"
"Chicago, Ill., General Freight Office, Union Stock Yards"
for the defendant to instruct the jury to return a verdict in its favor, an exception was taken to this ruling, and it was assigned as error."
"Where the owner of cattle has the option to ship them to market at the same rate without free transportation for himself or his agents on the cattle train, to throw the entire responsibility of the care of the cattle during the transportation upon the railroad company, and to travel to the market town on a passenger train of that company for the regular fare, or to accept free transportation to the market town upon the cattle train which carries his cattle, to assume the responsibility of their care during the transportation, and to agree that the railroad company shall not be liable to him for any injury or damage which he sustains while he is being so carried, and, without request, requirement, or constraint, he voluntarily chooses the latter alternative, is his contract that the railroad company shall not be liable to him for such injury or damage valid?"
"The points certified must be questions of law only, and not questions of fact, or of mixed law and fact -- 'not such as involve or imply conclusions or judgment by the court upon the weight or effect of testimony of facts adduced in the cause.' . . . The whole case, even when its decision turns upon matter of law only, cannot be sent up by certificate of division."
of all the circumstances of the case. . . . 'They are mixed propositions of law and fact, in regard to which the court cannot know precisely where the division of opinion arose on a question of law alone,' and 'It is very clear that the whole case has been sent here for us to decide, with the aid of a few suggestions from the circuit judges of the difficulties they have found in doing so.' Waterville v. Van Slyke, 116 U. S. 699, 116 U. S. 704."
See also Fire Ins. Asso. v. Wickham, 128 U. S. 426, 128 U. S. 434.
In United States v. Rider, 163 U. S. 132, THE CHIEF JUSTICE, speaking for the Court, said that "it has always been held that the whole case could not be certified," and that, "under the Revised Statutes, as to civil cases, the danger of the wheels of justice being blocked by difference of opinion was entirely obviated." In that case, it was also held that certificates of questions of law by the circuit courts of appeals under the Judiciary Act of March 3, 1891, are governed by the same general rules as were formerly applied to certificates of division of opinion in the circuit court, citing Columbus Watch Co. v. Robbins, 148 U. S. 266; Maynard v. Hecht, 151 U. S. 324.
In United States v. Union Pacific Railway, 168 U. S. 505, 168 U. S. 512 (which was the case of certified questions from a circuit court of appeals), the rule as announced in the Rider case was affirmed. To the same effect are Graver v. Faurot, 162 U. S. 435, 162 U. S. 436; Cross v. Evans, 167 U. S. 60, 167 U. S. 64; McHenry v. Alford, 168 U. S. 657, 168 U. S. 658.
the facts, to determine what, upon those facts, is the law of the case. We thus state the matter because it is apparent that the case turns altogether upon the question propounded as to the validity, in view of all the facts stated, of the contract under which the plaintiff's cattle were transported. This Court is without jurisdiction to answer the question certified in its present imperfect form, and the certificate must be dismissed. Sadler v. Hoover, 7 How. 646.

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