Source: http://pifk.magtu.ru/en/journal/24-contents-of-%E2%84%963,-2011.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-24 20:13:05+00:00

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Frequency as a lexicographic parameter is of great pragmatic and academic signifi cance both for synchronic and diachronic language description. Word frequency is taken into account in dictionaries of basic vocabulary for foreigners learning Russian. In stylistics frequency is used as a marker for the author’s idiom. Frequency as a parameter of historical lexicography gives an insight into the development of the Russian vocabulary, the process of usage standard formation in the past and the sources underlying modern Russian vocabulary.
Key words: frequency, lexicography, educational linguistics, stylistics, standardization.
Being historically autonomous branches of lexicography encyclopedica and etymologica have always enriched each other refl ecting the progress of the human mind.
Key words: description, explanation, interpretation, semantization.
The paper discusses some issues of Serbian descriptive lexicography by the example of processing lexeme identity. The analyses, based on the material of the Serbian Electronic corpus, shows that dictionaries do not register semantic potential of this lexeme in its entirety (for example, the following language units изгубити идентитет, узети нови идентитет, штитити идентитет, борити се за идентитет or визуелни идентитет are not presented as terms in the field of graphic design).
Key words: Serbian language, lexicography, explanatory dictionary, semantics, lexeme identity.
The paper analyzes unique phraseologically bound words, i.e. words occurring only in set phrases. It displays their status in Serbian lexicographic practice (Dictionary of Serbian Academy), presents their lexical collocation patterns, and their Dictionary defi nitions. It also points out the necessity of their further comprehensive study. Practical signifi cance of suchlike lexical study lies in its lexicographic aspect, which aims at achieving unifi ed lexicographic presentation of the words under study.
Key words: phraseologically bound words, lexicographic practice, collocation pattern, uniformity.
Lexicography is a key branch of linguistics dealing with philological and other issues (linguocultural, social, historical) of word as the main language unit. Lexicographers’ work results in compiling dictionaries. The author of the article as one of Boris Larin’s lexicography school contributes to the Pskov Regional Dictionary with Historical Data together with colleague lexicographers from St Petersburg State University and Pskov State Pedagogical University, and highlights multi-aspect linguistic studies without which it is often impossible to define word status in a dictionary.
Key words: multi-aspect linguistic studies, lexicography, dictionary entry, synchrony, diachrony.
The article presents “Hypertext Information Retrieval Thesaurus of Science Metalanguage” focusing on structural, mathematical, linguistic and software issues, and considering linguistics, mathematics, and economics sections. It can be assumed that the dictionary entry of the thesaurus dealing with linguistics metalanguage will give detailed information about the term adopted in the dictionary granularity (the meaning of the term) and its conceptual links with other terms (lexical units and, if possible, more clear and definite links with their lexical-semantic variants).
Key words: metalanguage, dictionary, encyclopedia, thesaurus, Russian, glottology, linguistics, language study, philology.
The paper presents the analysis of the Slavic associative dictionary substantiating psycholinguistic approach to revealing the world-image characteristic of different cultures. The analysis of some dictionary entries is advanced.
Key words: psycholinguistics, linguistic consciousness, world-image, the Slavic associative dictionary.
The article describes specifi c features characterizing dictionary entries of cultural dictionaries with an emphasis on such genre characteristics as elementary versus complex, monolog versus dialogue, communicative goal, compiler’s conception, etc. Material analysis leads to the conclusion that originally standardized genre undergoes transformations that make it possible to speak about lexicographer’s communicative goal. Therefore, the key objective of lexicographic discourse study is to describe linguistic personality of a dictionary compiler through the description of his communicative strategy.
Key words: dictionary entry, genre, transformations.
The article deals with the necessity of compiling a special dictionary of derivatives formed by agglutination. It will combine the features of explanatory, word-building and phraseological dictionaries, and systematically represent a special layer of modern Russian vocabulary — words whose meanings are formed on the basis of set phrases.
Key words: agglutination, derivation, component, formed on the basis of set phrases, wordsinnovations.
The article presents a notion of a typical grammatical context of a word as an important form of grammatical usage of words in the Serbian language. Linguistic description of the issue under study is accomplished through identifying its context-based grammatical usage as a method of processing words of a big explanatory dictionary of the Serbian-Croatian language. A number of words whose typical context is defi ned by metalinguistic expressions with a component ‘usually’ were singled out from the dictionary. Then there were given morphological, pragmatic, and syntactic types of grammatical information. Examples are given to illustrate lexicographic processing of a typical morphological context of a word in a dictionary entry.
Key words: explanatory dictionary, lexicographic metalanguage, grammatical categories, semantico-pragmatic analysis, context-based grammatical use of words.
Pronouncing dictionaries become more and more important as social interaction requires effi ciency and mutual understanding. The problem of standards in pronunciation can, to a certain degree, be solved by using international phonetic symbols in pronunciation dictionaries in all languages. Differences in articulation of sounds can be overcome by diacritics.
Key words: pronouncing dictionaries, phonetic system, phonetic transcription, articulation.
Modern tendencies in lexicography deserve further development of new methods for terminology presentation in a dictionary entry to advance a comprehensive idea of concepts underlying terms. Polyparadigmatic approach is highly effi cient as it combines different linguistic paradigms.
Key words: cognitive terminology study, polyparadigmatic approach, lexicography.
This is an attempt to compile a new dictionary of imperative processual language units. The basic principle of the dictionary involves the presentation of imperative subcategorial meaning of the units and their speech functioning in lexicography and phraseography.
Key words: imperative processual language units, subcategorial meaning, language, speech functioning, lexicography and phraseography.
The article is concerned with key issues of lexicographic presentation of psychognostic terminology, i.e. that of the sciences studying human psychics. The basic challenge is systematizing, standardizing, and listing microsystem psychognostic terms as basic macrosystem units of psychognostics in dictionaries of different types. It also considers term-coining within the context of anthropocentrism, integration, and differentiation of present-day academic knowledge. It also tackles peculiarities of representing units under study in specialized reference works.
Key words: psychognostic terminology, lexicographic presentation issues, term-coining, semantic evolution, scientifi c knowledge integration and differentiation of academic knowledge.
This article analyzes theoretical line of approach to vernacular incorporated in major dictionaries of the Russian language. The author examines stylistic norm and functional characteristics of vernacular vocabulary and phraseology, which are refl ected in the choice and content of the dictionary label vernacular. The author also sets off dichotomous axes along which he aligns system relations while describing vernacular in general explanatory dictionaries of different historical periods.
Key words: standard dictionary, dictionary labels, literary vernacular, non-standard vernacular, substandard vocabulary, restricted usage vocabulary.
The article formulates principles underlying “Frequency Grammatical-semantic concordance of A. P. Chehov (supplemented by Electronic text corpus)” and the Electronic text Corpus itself. The concordance and corpus project was accomplished by the Laboratory of general and computer lexicology and lexicography of Philological faculty of Moscow State University. The paper also considers prospects offered by computer program “KIISa ‘ISTOK’” created at the laboratory for the Corpus.
Key words: A. P. Chekhov, A. P. Chekhov’s prose and plays, concordance of A. P. Chekhov, electronic text corpus of A. P. Chehov’s works, computer program “KIISa ‘ISTOK’”.
The article deals with ways and means of presenting intensifi ers in three dictionaries, namely, “The Explanatory Combinatory Dictionary of Modern Russian” by I. Melchuk and A. Zholkovsky, “The Dictionary of Russian and English Lexical Intensifi ers” by I. I. Oubine, and the electronic “Dictionary of Russian Idioms: word combinations denoting high degree” by G. Kustova.
Key words: intensifying word combinations, means of intensifi cation, a great variety, specialized dictionaries, ways of presentation.
The article deals with ways and means of using artifi cial neural networks in compiling electronic dictionary. The authors model thematic group classifi cation phase according to the algorithm of supervised learning.
Key words: lexicography, e-dictionary, Internet language, neural network.
The article deals with transitional phenomena in the vocabulary and phraseology, and with the methods of presenting dynamic process in a dictionary form. The illustration of the process is based on the analysis of the phraseological pattern “particle не + preposition до + noun in the genitive case”.
Key words: set expression, category of state, dictionary defi nition, pattern, transitional phenomena.
The article deals with lexicographic presentation of semantic and word-formation processes in modern Russian abbreviation. The author advances the idea of compiling a comprehensive dictionary of abbreviations and their derivatives.
Key words: shortening, abbreviations, abbreviations meaning, derivatives of abbreviations, comprehensive dictionary of abbreviations.
As job titles acquired terminological status in modern languages, their borrowing is distinguished by a number of essential peculiarities. Terminology borrowing is not sporadic but quite deliberate, well-directed, and systematic. From cognition viewpoint the term refl ects experience, scientifi c facts and knowledge. But during cognitive operations with knowledge structures a specialist simultaneously performs a communicative function thus spreading knowledge. From communication point of view cognitive complexity of academic knowledge must find appropriate means of expression, the term must be short and convenient in usage.
Key words: Loan-terms, names of a person according to professional activity, transplantation, cognitive and communicative peculiarities of the term-borrowing.
The article discusses correlation between conventional meanings of modal words fi xed in dictionaries and their contextual meanings within the framework of contemporary periodicals.
Key words: text, interpretation, modal word, dictionary.
The paper regards culture as world-conception, world-perception, and world-comprehension of linguocultural community. Linguistic culture is verbalized, i.e. it embodied and fi xed in linguistic signs. Hence, linguistic signs are regarded as cultural signs. Linguistic culture, being a separate semiotic system, has its own thesaurus and grammar which could be the subject of linguocultural studies. Nowadays it is possible to speak about different classes of linguocultural units and several ways of their analysis and lexicographic description.
Key words: linguistic culture, linguistic signs, cultural signs, semiotic system, lexicographic description.
The paper studies new fi xed collocations that are witnessed and actively used by the speakers but not registered by dictionaries. The issue does not concern collocations that as a result of globalization are used in different countries in identical patterns and identical meaning. The paper aims at analyzing collocations that were born in the Bulgarian midst and are a result of specifi c political, social and other conditions of life in Bulgaria, thus being comprehensible only to the people who live in Bulgaria. They have become usual for the Bulgarian language. Their dictionary presentation requires additional information and examples to illustrate their speech functioning in various texts.
Key words: innovation, phraseological pattern, realia, connotation, linguistic environment.
The article offers a model of a dictionary of set speech formulae that are current in a professional organization. The glossary can be used as an aid to staff training and in-training.
Key words: organization speech, fixed speech formulae, lexicographic presentation, learner’s dictionary of business communication stereotypes.
The article deals with linguocultural value conception, traces the history of the term “value”, and introduces the term “linguocultural value” into present-day linguistics in the light of the new linguistic paradigm and the new linguistic discipline — linguocultural studies. It presents the definition and criteria of the notion. The material of “The Dictionary of Traditional Poetic Words and Phrases” helps to establish that lexical and phraseological system under study belongs to linguocultural values. The author reaches the conclusion concerning the importance of dictionary publishing as a means of preserving linguocultural values. “The Dictionary of Traditional Poetic Words and Phrases of Pushkin Epoch” is an example of careful preservation of the historical fund of Russian romantic lyrics.
Key words: linguocultural value, traditional poetic words and phrases, Pushkin epoch, lexical and phraseological system.
The article touches upon connotative asymmetry of Slavonic common lexical fund. Using common Russian and Czech lexemes as an example the author considers ethno-cultural specifi c character of secondary nomination as a variety of semantic plane distinctive features and raises the question as to the necessity of including suchlike variants into a dictionary of interlinguistic homonyms.
Key words: secondary nomination, connotations, ethno-cultural peculiarities.
The article characterizes principles underlying ethno-linguistic dictionary presentation of a “mortal knot”, a notion that is semiotically relevant for traditional culture of the Don Cossacks. The author, on the basis of texts recorded in the course of ethno-linguistic expeditions, analyzes both features that are relevant for this cultural term and reveals its local peculiarity. The analysis has resulted in dictionary entry structure for cultural terms of the kind. Dictionary entry should contain semantic and symbolic characteristics of the notion, clues to the sphere of functioning, and to the secondary ritual functioning of the object.
Key words: traditional culture, ethno-linguistic dictionary, the Don Cossacks, cultural term, “mortal knot”.
The article focuses upon the notion of the linguistic-cultural type and presents some specific features of Russian business ladies’ lexicon. Particular emphasis has been placed on the use of abusive and politically incorrect vocabulary.
Key words: linguistic-cultural type, business lady, overestimated/underestimated response to the situation, politically incorrect, invectives.
Comparative analysis of definitions of words Благородство and Nobleness given in English and Russian dictionaries shows that it is necessary to use linguocultural information to reflect additional semes characterizing reality conceptualization that is specific for native speakers of different languages.
Key words: Dictionary definition, comparative analysis, linguocultural information, seme, reality conceptualization.
Long sharing of the same territory by different ethnic groups suggests a dialogue between cultures, which results in a new synergetic culture that is refl ected in a language. Following L. Gumilyov the author considers Eurasian culture in Kazakhstan. It integrates features of Russian and Kazakh mentalities, which come out in verbalized linguocultural concepts. An attempt was made to compile a dictionary of Kazakhstan’s Eurasian linguistic culture comprising some most remarkable Eurasian concepts.
Key words: concept, Eurasian linguistic culture, Turkism in Russian.
The article deals with comparative analysis of linguo-cultural peculiarities of gradientconcept “Friendship-Peace-Enmity” in Russian and English. It considers lexicographic and phraseographic representation of the gradient-concept refl ecting individual conceptual features of the object under study. The author comes to the conclusion that the research results can be used in ideographic dictionaries.
Key words: concept, conceptual complex, gradient-concept, vocabulary, phraseology, friendship, peace, enmity.
The article deals with folk etymology registered in the English and Russian lexicographic sources. It presents the analysis of the basic tendency in folk etymological alterations whose aim is to adapt strange unnatural elements of linguistic units to native language patterns. The article shows that folk etymology interpretations are much infl uenced by the language system as well as by the linguo-cultural background of the speaker. Folk etymology is seen as an essential linguistic functional process.
Key words: folk etymology, lexicography, loan-words, meaning, language system.
This is an attempt to display peculiarities of a fragment of the Don Region world-image by the example of medicinal plants knowledge. The data, obtained during expeditions to Cossack khutors and stanitsas, can be used for compiling ethno-linguistic dictionary of the Don Cossacks, the aim of which is to describe traditional world-image of the Don Cossacks and to consider both lexical and semantic characteristics of phytonyms, and the dialect speakers’ knowledge of the subject of the study (plants).
Key words: the Don Cossacks, ethno-linguistic dictionary, medicinal plants, traditional culture, herbal therapy.
The article presents the author’s experience in compiling linguocultural reference book, describing paremiological space within the context of cultural linguistics and ethnopsycholinguistics. This is a further study in the sphere of present-day phraseography that is based on results of associative experiments with due regard for set phrases as a fact of linguistic consciousness.
Key words: paremiography, linguistic and cultural aspect, language consciousness.
The article is concerned with medical vocabulary, or more precisely, with disease names occurring in the manuscript “Medicinal Herb Book of the 18th c.” It also deals with their formation, and their incorporation into historical dictionaries. This is an attempt to identify the origin of the words, their word-building patterns, and to characterize them from structural, morphological, and etymological viewpoints.
Key words: manuscripts, medicinal herb books, historical lexicography, historical dictionaries, disease names, cultural linguistics.
The article presents lexicographic sources of Transbaikalia, metalanguistic lexicographic peculiarities of such regional dictionaries as dialectal, historical, and toponymic. It also discusses dictionaries of Transbaikalia writers’ idiolect and notes their academic, cultural, historical and educational signifi cance.
Key words: regional world-image, Transbaikalia Lexicography.
The article deals with Russian kinetic set phrases with superposition meaning homonymy. It presents typological classifi cation of the units under study and raises an issue of their properties presentation in a linguocultural dictionary.
Key words: kinetic set phrase, superposition meaning homonymy, classifi cation, linguocultural commentary, cultural code, dictionary entry.
The paper deals with a brief analysis of the recently published “Big Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by V. N. Teliya. It argues that the most important dictionary innovation in the history of lexicography concerns its culturological commentary that displays set phrases as the most vivid culture-revealing layer of linguistic units, which enables the reader to acquire ample linguo-cultural competence.
Key words: set phrase, culturological commentary, image, innovation.
The study is concerned with Russian nominative set phrases whose peculiarity consists in their anthropocentric meaning. The units under study are characterized by highly abstract, generalized complex meaning. All of them have explicit or implicit connection to concept “Human being”.
Key words: anthropocentrism, linguistic world-image, lacuna, concept, microconcept, nominative, subcategorial, set phrase.
The publication of the “Dicionary of Russian Dialects” edited by F. P. Filin, F. P. Sorokoletov and S. A. Myznikov became an important landmark in lexicography all over the world. Using this dictionary as a model a group of St. Petersburg linguists (V. M. Mokiyenko, T. G. Nikitina, Ye.K. Nikolayeva) intend to compile “The Dictionary of Russian Dialectal Set Phrases”. It will contain a considerably enlarged corpus of dialectalset phrases with unifi ed material presentation and detailed phraseological parameters. The paper discusses the main principles of the dictionary structure.
Key words: phraseological dictionary, dialects, lexicography, phraseography, phraseological parameters.
Using two phrases that are well-known to native speakers of Russian and German, the author has raised the issue of the origin of linguistic units refl ecting national realia. He proves that Russian phrase гамбургский счёт is a preserved Germanism. The aphorism Кто опаздывает, того наказывает жизнь (He who is late is punished by history) that is in general use in European and Russian journalese is a shortened translation of M. Gorbachev’s phrase of 1980 into German.
Key words: preserved Germanism, winged unit, linguistic culture, set phrase, translation, dictionary, quotation, equivalent.
The paper analyzes usage and transformation of the winged unit Все мы вышли из гого- левской «Шинели» (We all come from Gogol’s ‘Overcoat’) in Russian and Croatian texts with particular emphasis on the unit idiomatization. It also gives context examples of Russian and Croatian phrases (izici (ispasti itd.) iz cijeg sinjela (kabanice), izici (ispasti) iz istog sinjela, вый- ти (вырасти) из чьей шинели, выйти из одной шинели) that are formed from the winged unit.
Key words: winged word, transformation, idiomatization, Russian, Croatian.
Proverbs and sayings are used as material to display the universal character, research potential, and feasibility of application method worked out by Prof. V. P. Zhukov. Employing the method the author advances semantic classification of Russian proverbs and sayings.
Key words: application method, proverb and saying, semantic classification.
Considering anti-proverb as a precedent text transformation the author gives critical analysis of four books by well-known Slavicists V. M. Mokiyenko and H. Walter who subjected anti-proverbs to lexicographic characterization. The author of the article has placed particular emphasis on the principles of presenting anti-proverbs that are made up of the parts of two or more rarely three proverbs and set phrases.
Key words: anti-proverb, notional word, contamination, lexicographic, proverb, prototypical proverb.
The article, dealing with lexicographic presentation of proverbs, provides an overview on available dictionaries of proverbs and sayings, analyzes material layout principles and peculiarities of dictionary entries both in general paremiological and idiolect dictionaries.
Key words: paremiology, dictionary entry structure, general dictionary of proverbs and sayings.
A. S. Spirin was the first to use the term ‘molvushka’ in his dictionary though there is earlier evidence of attempts to defi ne them as an independent genre. Molvushka is mentioned in dictionaries of V. I. Dall, S. I. Ozhegov, A. I. Molotkov. V. I. Zimin, a well known contemporary phraseologist, pioneered closer examination of molvushka. He defi nes it as a reply to the interlocutor’s remark. Molvushka taken out of conversational context is often meaningless. But molvushka and proverbs share a common structural property — both are used as independent sentences.
Key words: molvushka, phraseology, reply, intonation, proverb.
The article deals with sociolinguistic features of English and American anti-proverbs as a source of social structure study. It puts forward the idea that there is no strict division in Russian society into social groups, which causes inconsistent perception of basic notions.
Key words: anti-proverbs, social structure, social group, professional group, expletives.
The article deals with the correlation between traditional proverbs and anti-proverbs that have lately become very popular. The correlation is based on the three-plane structure of the units under analysis, namely, logic-semiotic structure of meaning, thematic meaning, and concrete situational meaning elements. Proverbs are considered as invariants of anti-proverbs that present their linguocultural variants. Systematic correlation between them is that of hyponymy.
Key words: proverb, anti-proverb, meaning structure, logic-semiotic structure, thematic meaning, situation, invariant, variant.
The article considers winged words and expressions that owe their origin to the USSR animated cartoons. The author highlights main principles of lexicographic presentation of the linguistic units and names the most gifted script writers, animators, musicians, and artists whose cartoons won universal acclaim and enriched the Russian language with new winged words and expressions.
Key words: animated cartoons, winged words and expressions, principles of lexicographic presentation.
Dictionaries of winged words and phrases rank prominent among phraseological dictionaries. The Dictionary of Russian Winged Phrases is a most comprehensive collection of present-day Russian, French, Latin, German, and English winged phrases. It contains examples from literature and spoken language. Another dictionary is that of foreign words and phrases compiled by Babkina and Shendetsova. These dictionaries are both reference books and wellarranged corpus of voluminous material on Russian and foreign words and phrases and their assimilation and adaptation in the Russian language of modern times.
Key words: winged units, lexicography, etymology, polysemy, usage label.
The article considers transformations of Pushkin’s quotations in A. Bely’s novel “Petersburg” and describes ways and means of semantic and structural alterations of intertextual elements. It also displays the material signifi cance for compiling a glossary of winged words and phrases occurring in the novel under study.
Key words: symbolism, phraseography, intertextuality, winged phrases, transformations.
The author argues that the term dictionary is wrongfully applied by contemporary researchers to linguistic reference books presenting set phrases. Set phrases that are the object of phraseology should be presented in a different way. The fi eld of study (phraseography) dealing with principles of phraseological presentation should break away from lexicography. Drawing on the experience of South Urals and West Siberia scholars A. M. Chepasova advances the fundamentals of phraseography.
Key words: lexicology, lexicography, phraseology, phraseography, set phrase, syntactic structure, principles.
Using the data of the 10th — 11th c.c. manuscripts the author raises the question as to the similes place in the phraseological system of the oldest literary Slavonic language and advances her conception of fi xed similes presentation in Old Slavonic phraseological dictionary that is based on alphabetic center-embedding principle.
Key words: similes, comparative structures, Old Slavonic, fi xed verbal complexes, phraseology, phraseography.
The article analyzes axiologeme and slot notions, an axiological paradigm, and the issue of drafting “Axiological Dictionary of Slavic Phraseology” (containing Russian, Bulgarian, and Ukrainian idioms).
Key words: slav idioms, slot, axiological paradigm, axiologeme.
The paper deals with peculiarities of dictionary entries on prepositions in the context of their meaning. It also states description principles that make it possible to provide complete and logical presentation of preposition units’ semantic structure. The most productive phraseological prepositions containing the component “with” serve as an illustration and a basis for hierarchy deduction principle of seme classification that comprises subcategorial semes, group semes, and subgroup and individual semes.
Key words: phraseological prepositions, semantic structure, dictionary entry, seme.
The article deals with compiling “The Dictionary of Grammatological Set Phrases”. The following argumentative issues present the subject for discussion: theoretical and practical support of grammatological phrases classification, a dictionary entry makeup, general phraseographic practice, and the prospects for dictionaries of the kind.
Key words: grammatology, writing, grammatological fixed phrase, universal (general) classifi cation of grammatological fixed phrases, dictionary article.
The article raises an issue concerning providing lexicographic sources with information aimed at excluding possible misuse and contamination of set phrases. Frequent mixed-up idioms occurring in speech practice are considered in the context of agnonymy and taronymy. The paper also discusses the possibilities of providing information about set phrase taronymic interaction in dictionaries of different types and criteria for selecting units whose description requires information of the kind.
Key words: phraseological dictionaries, mixed-up phrases, agnonymy, taronymy, taronymic interaction of set phrases.
The article defines phraseological conversives and analyzes their structural and semantic types with particular emphasis on aims and purposes of the dictionary, and the structure of a dictionary entry reflecting peculiarities of phraseological conversives.
Key words: fixed phrase, phraseological conversives, structural types, semantic types, dictionary entry.
The article, based on comparing entries of A. I. Fedorov’s dictionary and the dictionary edited by V. N. Teliya, deals with peculiarities of phraseographic description of processural set phrases denoting development. It is thought appropriate to compile a new type of phrase book that will combine the functions of explanatory and ideographic dictionaries.
Key words: processural set phrases denoting development, phraseological, explanatory, ideographic dictionaries.
The article considers ways and means of dictionary presentation of phraseological material containing little-studied internal and external component additions with due regard to Russian lexicographic and phraseographic traditions.
Key words: set phrase, combinability, external component addition, internal component addition, lexicographic presentation.
Poetry is a special structural and functional system of linguistic signs. However, presentday phraseography has not promoted appropriate development of the functions of poetic phrases that are autonomous units of poetic speech. One of the best examples of systematic presentation of poetic phraseology is “The Dictionary of Poetic Diction (imagery stock of Russian poetry of the late 18th — early 20th c.c.)” containing over 4500 words and phrases. The dictionary is compiled by N. N. Ivanova and O.Ye. Ivanova. It gives systematic presentation of poetic imagery and a comprehensive picture of Russian poetic phraseology, and allows to treat the phenomenon as an integral part of Russian phraseological system.
Key words: poetic language, set phrase, phraseology.
The article considers methods of analyzing set expressions connotations in lexicographic and phraseographic practice.
Key words: phraseological connotation, lexicographic and phraseographic practice.
The article deals with set expressions presentation in a phraseological dictionary of values and antivalues. Axiological constituent of a set expression in a vocabulary entry is revealed through its etymology, interpretation of its image, and its correlation with cultural codes. The method of set expressions presentation can be used both in unilingual and bilingual dictionaries.
Key words: value, antivalue, axiological phraseological dyad, axiologeme, axiological vector.
The paper deals with the presentation of fi xed units of the 10th — 11th centuries.
Key words: Old Slavonic language, fi xed formulas, language history.
The article deals with lexicographic interpretation of modern Russian phraseological prepositions. Using temporal phraseological prepositions as an example the author analyzes dictionaries presenting formal parts of speech.
Key words: lexicographic issues, formal parts of speech, phraseological prepositions.
The article deals with the issues concerning phraseographic processing of grammatical set phrases, such as prepositions, conjunctions, particles, and link verbs. Since the meaning of the units under study is relative and dependent it is necessary to present grammatical set phrases in a dictionary with regard to their functional, communicative, pragmatic, structural, text-forming, and semantic properties.
Key words: phraseographic presentation of grammatical set phrases, relative meaning.
The article considers the necessity of comprehensive phraseographic presentation of foreign phrasemes. The author, analyzing the data of contemporary phraseological dictionaries, notes that they do not give a complete picture of such units’ functions in the Russian language. The article presents the ways of replenishing the corpus of phrasemes containing foreign culture components.
Key words: phraseme, foreign culture component, functioning, representation.
The article deals with authenticity issues concerning Russian words in lexicographic sources. Careful etymological and lexicological search made by lexicographers-historians who have no right to miss a single word from available sources resulted in revealing a number of words and phrases (over 150) that never existed in the language. It stems from the character of historical dictionary sources that disregarded restoration of ancient linguistic peculiarities in print.
Key words: source, authenticity, ghost word, pseudo-hapax, linguistic informativeness, lexicography.
The article considers conditions and mechanisms for borrowing the proper name of Maecenas. It was M. Lomonosov who introduced the word into Russian culture. He assigned the name of Roman patron of art to Russian statesmen. The word Maecenas, having incorporated the meaning of a lover of the beautiful, of artistic creation judge, of a petitioner for sciences, began to determine socio-cultural behavior of Russian ruling elite stratum.
Key words: 18th c. culture, word etymology, maecenas (patron), M. Lomonosov, I. Shuvalov.
The article raises an issue concerning the feasibility of compiling dictionaries that can analytically present historical development of “Loci Topici” of any poetic genre. The issue is illustrated by ‘erotically political formulae’ worked out in the genre of a solemn ode by three authors — Staehlin, Junker and Lomonosov during the fi rst years of Elizabeth Petrovna’s reign.
Key words: poetic genre, solemn ode, ‘erotically political formulae’.
This is an attempt to discuss views of M. Lomonosov’s contemporaries, fairly literate philistines, on the vocabulary of his works. The article is based on the manuscript of the first volume of Lomonosov’s collected works copied in 1751 by a seminarist and circulated around provincial merchant community. Copyists’ corrections to the text are indicative of obscure words, causes of obscurity, and the character of these corrections.
Key words: 18th century, M. V. Lomonosov, poems perception, poems vocabulary, copying tradition.
The article considers lexical meaning of the term чёрные земли in Russian with particular emphasis on the component черные (black). The paper gives diverse interpretations of the term found in the works on Russian history and in lexicographic sources (dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books).
Key words: term, lexical meaning, seme, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of words, dictionary.
The article deals with lexicographic study of the 18th century offi ce records of Tobolsk. Lexicographic presentation of popular language will help to restore lost links of the Russian language lexical system. A dictionary of the kind will enrich the array of historical dictionaries appropriate both for dialectologists and language history specialists, and for all linguists and philologists studying word functions in language.
Key words: dialect, dialect lexicography, language norm, historical dictionary of dialect vocabulary.
The article considers non-correlative (odd) verbs with intensifying prefi xes из- and вы- in the Russian language of the latter half of the 18th century. These verbs bear witness to the loss of Slavicisms with prefix из- and the weakening of intensifying meaning of the verbs with prefix из-.
Key words: Slavicism, Russicisms, Slavicisms and Russicisms interaction, odd verbs, intensifying prefixes.
“The Dictionary of the Russian Language” compiled by the Second Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1891–1929) and “The Dictionary of the Russian Language” compiled by the Russian language commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929– 1937) made an attempt to present nonce words along with the general vocabulary. The analysis of words that the compilers of these dictionaries attributed exclusively to Nikolai Leskov showed that these dictionaries data are far from perfect.
Key words: N. Leskov’s nonce words, “The Dictionary of the Russian Language” compiled by the Second Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1891–1929), The Dictionary of the Russian Language” compiled by the Russian language commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929–1937).
The article deals with function peculiarities of fixed verbal complexes in Old Russian military stories of the 12th — 17th c.c. It also presents a correlation between the data of the author’s file on the subject and the data of the existing historical dictionaries.
Key words: Old Russian military stories, fixed verbal complex, historical dictionaries.
The author gives an assessment of lexicographic and phraseographic commentary on all texts presented in “The Old Slavonic Reader” that was published by Magnitogorsk state university in 2011. Of particular value is the commentary of the third section presenting Russian fixed verbal complexes together with fragments of Old Slavonic texts and two learner’s mini dictionaries at the end of the book.
Key words: competence, Old Slavonic, reader, texts, reference section, commentary, fixed verbal complex.
The article considers a specific social dialect of private dialogue abundant with set phrases registered in dictionaries, which testifies to the continuous evolution of the linguistic phenomenon.
Key words: social dialect, private communication, dialogue, set phrase.
The article deals with the study of Russian popular speech as a stylistic category and as a mode of a national language existence. The author of the article considers Russian popular speech with proper account of its changing content, meaning, volume, and functions. Particular emphasis has been placed on the late 18th and 19th centuries, and on the role the Dictionary of Russian Academy played in forming and describing stylistic system of Russian (its substandard level, in particular). Then the author progresses to substandard layer stylistic meanings that appeared in the 20th century. By and large, one can perceive popular speech progress from a broad sense to more concrete and exact.
Key words: russian popular speech, demotic words, the Dictionary of Russian Academy, stylistic marks, semantics.
The article considers linguistic features of two texts describing the pilgrimage of Father Superior Daniel and Afanasy Nikitin and compares distance measurement units used there.
Key words: Old Russian Language, Hozdeniye (pilgrimage), distance measurement units, Father Superior Daniil, Afanasy Nikitin.
Noun form variation represents dynamic development of the formal aspect of substantives. It is a one-way, long, and continuous process that tends to attenuation. Variants, traditionally referred to gender, are case variants that are remainders of former gender differences. The very nature of substantive category (qualitative defi niteness) does not allow its variation. The category as a qualitative entity of substantives has only one form of expression.
Key words: substantive form variation, substantive dynamic quality.
One of the challenges of Russian historical onomastics is comprehensive lexicographic presentation of onyms in manuscripts of Kievan Russia. Proper names and toponyms of Old Russian texts of the 11th–13th c.c. with historical, encyclopedic and etymological comments give an insight into the role of nomination signs in the systems of historical and cultural ideas of the period.
Key words: Old Russian manuscripts, proper names, toponyms, lexicographic presentation, etymological comments.
Prefixed verbal derivative identity in the history of the Russian language is connected with historical continuity of its meanings. Contemporary etymological dictionaries show meaning development of two prefixed positional verbs: належать1 having a spatial meaning and related figurative meanings (the verb is non-existent in Modern Russian), and належать2 having terminative mutational meanings as they belong to genetically different derivational types.
Key words: the history of the Russian language, prefi xed verbs, word identity.
The article, relying on Tobolsk state archives, covers preparatory work on compiling a dictionary of loan words occurring in the 18th century manuscripts. It identifi es sources and the object of presentation, and key principles of writing a dictionary entry. The 18th c loan words dictionary based on regional material will provide linguists with the most effi cient means of meeting a signifi cant challenge of Russian historical philology, namely, systematic arrangement of business correspondence vocabulary.
Key words: business correspondence vocabulary, loan words, manuscripts of the 18th c.
The article analyzes historical and etymological dictionaries as a source for studying concept “Infantry” verbalizers in Old Russian of the 11th–14th centuries. The author points out the necessity of compiling a thematic glossary that would present systematic relations between military linguistic units.
Key words: concept, infantry, dictionaries, verbalizer, group.
The article deals with issues concerning implementing the project, minimizing the dictionary, identifying neologisms in the 19th century texts, and interim units for the 20th — 21st c.c. The article highlights linguistic means of representing world-image of the passing epoch, which helped to shape Russian readers’ perception of the contemporary world.
Key words: abbreviation, agnomatic, borrowing, historical and etymological, lexicalsemantic groups, nominative system, journalese, complex nomination, regional names, Russian text, terminology, set expression, linguistic processes.
The article deals with the perception of Christian martyrdom throughout Russian history and that of Russian Orthodox Church when it was most relevant and provoked considerable dispute, i.e. during the period of the Russian Church rise to independence of Byzantine Church when it declared its own saints (11th — 14th cc.), and during Russian Church schism in the 17th century.
Key words: Christian martyrdom, Old Russian biblical narratives of the 11th — 14th cc., Russian Church schism literature, lexeme, fi xed verbal complex.
The paper deals with compiling dictionaries for religious culture of Old Believers, Dukhobors, and Molokans. It considers religious discourse (service texts, folk religious song texts) as material for the dictionary. In parallel with dogmatics, religious songs, and ritual terms the dictionary should contain key words pertaining to everyday life if semantically they are connected with faith. Field work material should also be used in the dictionary.
Key words: confessional groups, confessional dictionary, molokan’s texts, religious discourse, terms, key words, field work.
The article analyzes basic archetypes of sacral legal reality. Focusing on the myth about the lost paradise the author shows that this sphere of being actualizes potentials of the prototype whose word-embodied force of will becomes an ontological basis of the triad incorporating will, right, and law.
Key words: archetype, legal reality, sacral reality, law, will, the absolute, talion.
The article states a number of issues underlying the conception of the Dictionary of Contemporary Russian Orthodox Church Metaphors. Key issues involve the object of lexicographic presentation, and the structure of a dictionary entry.
Key words: Dictionary of Contemporary Russian Orthodox Church Metaphors, religious discourse, Orthodox Church metaphors, dictionary of metaphors, religious (orthodox) worldimage, cognitive theory of metaphor.
The paper presents structural and semantic analysis of some idioms from descriptive dictionaries of standard Serbian. The key words of these idioms belong to the lexical fi eld of Orthodox Christianity ethics and culture. The aim was to see if the meaning of these idioms retains semantic connection with the world-image in Orthodox Christianity and if it is fi xed in the dictionaries.
Key words: idiom, lexicographic treatment, meaning, Christian world-image, Orthodox culture information.
The article deals with the biblical expressions collected in the dictionaries by V. I. Dal. The article considers both predicative biblical phrases (proverbs and sayings) and nominative biblical expressions. The article describes genre originality of the biblical phrases that are closely connected with the Russian folklore and compares them with the codifi ed set phrases of the Russian literary language.
Key words: biblical phrases, dictionaries by V. I. Dal, proverbs, Russian folklore, proverbs, sayings, riddles, set phrases of the Russian literary language.
The article analyzes features of biblical set phrases reflected in modern Russian phraseological dictionaries. It displays a tendency toward a more detailed and pithy rendering of biblical expressions together with their cultural, historical and encyclopedic data.
Key words: set phrases, biblical expression, phraseological dictionary, phraseography.
The author, substantiating the necessity of lexicographic methods in the course of reconstructing large conceptual structures (conceptual spheres, world-image fragments), shows that ideographic dictionary-compiling can become an intermediate phase of reconstructing conceptual sphere “Metaphysical world” objectifi ed by complex and larger-than-the-word linguistic units.
Key words: ideographic dictionary, conceptual sphere, metaphysical world, folklore spiritual poetry.
The article deals with Old Church Slavonic vocabulary and phraseology in orthodox sermons and in contemporary explanatory dictionaries. Stylistic labels in dictionaries must be reinterpreted in line with church (religious) functional style. The author comes up with classifi cation of theological terms and some ideas for new lexicographic descriptions within the framework of theological discourse.
Key words: sermon, Old Church Slavonic vocabulary, theological terms, precedent text, biblical metaphor.
Old Russian names for the Mother of God present a lexical group refl ecting initial stage of Russian linguistic and cultural Christian consciousness. On the basis of historical dictionaries data one can acquire a complete understanding of the Mother of God in Old Russian manuscripts of the 11th — 14th centuries from dogmatic view point and from the viewpoint of the features relevant to the social structure. Descriptions of this nature can provide the basis for linguocultural historical dictionary of Russian sacred proper names.
Key words: Old Russian names for Mother of God, lexical-semantic group.
The article touches upon a number of principal issues that make contemporary sermons lexicographically relevant. The subject for study is represented by syntagmatic relations of some words and set phrases occurring in temple sermons of Patriarch Kirill.
Key words: Orthodox temple sermon, syntagmatic analysis, church words and phrases, figurativeness.
The article analyzes the idiom Rose of Jericho. The author points out that unit is registered neither in phraseological nor in explanatory Russian dictionaries. The phrase owes its origin the Old Testament. The author aims at identifying the source of the phrase Rose of Jericho, its actual and symbolic meanings, and including the unit under study into Russian phraseological dictionaries. Rose of Jericho, found in many cultures, possesses direct terminological meaning (an Asian plant) that brings forth its figurative meaning (resurrection, sanctity, faith).
Key words: set phrase, etymology, actual and symbolic meaning.
The article reveals cultural and cognitive representation of idiom essential semantic structure in phraseological dictionaries. It is the author’s opinion that, on the one hand, sense is objective as it results from refl ection of reality, and, on the other hand, it is subjective since being an element of individual consciousness.
Key words: meaning, idiom, concept, sense, phraseme, phraseological symbiosis, sense facets, mental model.
The paper deals with theory peculiarities, the subject and object of cognitive terminography, the prospect of its use in compiling terminological dictionaries for concrete branches of science.
Key words: cognitive linguistics, lexicography, terminography, dictionary, concept.
The paper deals with lexicographic presentation of ethnic concepts based on Russian and English paremia covering ‘Правда’ and ‘Truth’.
Key words: proverb, proverbial concept, case grammar, semantic role method.
Accurate and proper word defi nitions present a challenge to modern lexicography. The article gives a critical review of the current dictionary defi nitions of words светлый, яркий and ясный that represent concept “Light” in the Russian linguistic world-image. The difference in the word meaning components is revealed through cognitive interpretation of semantic features of these words.
Key words: cognitive interpretation, semantic feature, visual perception, Observer, perception quality.
The article, based on comparative analysis of Russian and Estonian proverbs, displays possible resort to bilingual thematic dictionary of proverbs when reconstructing cultural concepts. Dictionary entry headings are correlated with key ideas and thematic dominants of the concept. The article also presents ethno-cultural peculiarities of proverbs and their possible dictionary interpretation.
Key words: proverb, bilingual lexicography, thematic dictionary, interlinguistic equivalent, linguistic and cultural comments.
The article presents a conceptual associative sense fi eld method of modeling M. Tsvetayeva’s idiolect. Lexicographic sources are recognized as a principal instrument for verifying text analysis data. The author raises an issue concerning compiling M. Tsvetayeva’s concept dictionary.
Key words: concept, associative seense fi eld, lexicographic sources, M. Tsvetayeva’s prose.
The article deals with a fragment of the world-image pertaining to idleness. It presents the analysis of different historical and lexicographic sources that touch upon the behavior of Russians during holidays. It examines set phrases denoting idleness, trifl ing, dillydallying.
Key words: world-image, attitude to work, holiday behavior, idleness.
The article deals with similarities and dissimilarities between metaphoric representations of the concepts “Intellect” and “Education” in the Russian language (based on “Linguocultural Dictionary of Concepts” edited by prof. L. Babenko).
Key words: semantics, metaphor, concept, lexicographic representation.
The article deals with principles of lexicographic parameterization of concepts refl ecting social activity and relations in the dictionary “Conceptual Sphere of the Russian Language: Key Concepts and Their Representation (based on words, set phrases, and proverbs)” edited by prof. L. Babenko.
Key words: concept structure, conceptualization, cognitive features, dictionary.
Concepts “Russia” and “Rus” are basic concepts of national Russian world-image. Lexicographic sources offer the prospect of both modeling the concepts as fragments of the scientifi c world-image and revealing points of contact or polar opposites.
Key words: concept, world-image, proper name, onym, conceptual structure.
Contemporary paremiology actualizes three out of fi ve sense zones of concept “Motherland’. Two sense zones — the country whose citizen one is and place of birth — are kernel zones; the other three are peripheral of a fairly small scope.
Key words: concept sense zones, kernel and peripheral zones, kernel zone overlapping of concepts “Motherland” and “Russia”.
The article deals with the study of notional characteristics of concept “Peace” refl ected in lexicographic sources and actualized in the paremiological fund of the Russian language. In the Russian linguoculture the concept “Peace” is both diffi cult and very interesting to study. It is a constant of the Russian culture, which is demonstrated by its extensive verbalization.
Key words: concept “Peace”, proverb, notional characteristics of the concept, defi nition analysis, linguocultural aspect of proverbs.
The article considers linguistic issues concerning ethno-cultural associations and knowledge and their lexicographic presentation in the Dictionary of key concepts. It also defi nes the notions of ethno-cultural component and ethno-cultural associations. Specifi c lexicographic parameterization of ethno-cultural notions is illustrated by the example of conceptual spheres “Transport” and “Technology”.
Key words: ethno-cultural associations, concept, lexicographic presentation.
The article identifi es the core of concept “Work” through the analysis of lexical meaning of words work and labor obtained from the most signifi cant and authoritative Russian and Soviet dictionaries.
Key words: cultural information, explanatory dictionary, concept “Work”, semantic core of the concept, ideological connotation.
The article deals with the feasibility of compiling a bilingual dictionary considering relational meaning for better meaning explication and relations of identity, inclusion, possession as additional information for identifying word meaning. Revealing certain “points” in the conceptual entity implies the presence of specifi c relation codes. The relations are regarded as an over-linguistic mental category that can be found both in paradigmatics and syntagmatics.
Key words: relativity, semantic relations, relation code, lexicographic method, meaning explication.
The article deals with thematic groups, fi gurative and functional peculiarities of set phrases that characterize regional fi shing and hunting jargon of Prikamye. It also establishes motivational features characterizing hunting and fi shing realia nomination. The authors reach the conclusion concerning the place of suchlike phraseology in folk terminology that is aimed at detailed naming of fi shing, hunting, and environment peculiarities. Further analysis of set phrases helped to reveal ideological, psychological, and moral features of fishing and hunting community and characteristics of their speech etiquette.
Key words: professional jargon, hunting and fi shing phraseology peculiarities, professional speech etiquette.
The article, based on Russian dialects, deals with fi gurative nomination within the framework of a most important denotative sphere, the sphere of a human body. Specifi c properties of somatisms spring from functions, structure, position of body parts, and their perception. The analysis revealed principal recurrent elements, bestial images, artifact images, water motifs and the ensuing manipulations, and kinesic metaphors among them.
Key words: image, motif, recurrent element, somatism, Russian dialects.
The article deals with lexicographic presentation of substandard vocabulary, namely, with a new type of dictionary, a dictionary of regional youth sociolect. The author states that a better study of youth sociolect requires description of its specifi c regional features and identifi cation of peripheral vocabulary that refl ects local verbal, cultural, and mental peculiarities.
Key words: lexicographic presentation, sociolect, regional peculiarity.
The author thinks that the majority of colloquial set phrases owe their origin to professional speech. Having sampled eight phrases (three from rail-road slanguage, three of medical origin, and two of general usage) the author conducted the experiment involving students, and arrived at the conclusion that young people, aware of phraseological expressive function, do not always perceive them as linguistic units with integrated meaning.
Key words: associative experiment, ignition, professionalism, defi nition, set phrase, emotions.
The article deals with an associative sense plane of the concept “home” and analyzes students’ interpretation performance that enriches the vocabulary of a linguistic personality and develops speech production abilities.
Key words: interpretation, keywords, concept, speech production, associative field.
The article substantiates the necessity of including special social labels into a contemporary dialect dictionary, which will reflect dynamic processes in dialectal vocabulary. To reveal the degree of retained dialectal words in different population groups of Chelyabinskaya oblast the author resorts to questionnaire whose results should be considered as the basis for social labels in the South Urals dialectal dictionary.
Key words: dialectal dictionary, social label, South Urals dialects.
Teenagers’ slanguage, by and large, is a part of youth jargon but with its peculiarities. The author’s idea of slanguage suggests wide interpretation. The standard and sub-standard in colloquial speech (including slang, jargon, etc.) coexist and overlap setting off one another. The prospective dictionary should be a thesaurus due to specifi c nature of informal speech that characterizes small groups using both general and specifi c linguistic units that easily shift within the linguistic community. Material layout suggests setting off communicative-pragmatic zones, like speech etiquette zone, axiological zone, vocatives, and the informal-register topic zone.
Key words: slanguage standard, sub-standard, non-standard, communicative-pragmatic zones.
The article reveals etymology of the word зэк/зек (convict) in modern Russian, traces its fate throughout dictionaries of recent decades, and gives the essence of the dispute between A. Solzhenitsyn and V. Shalamov concerning the unit under study. The analysis of the unit зэк/зек is based on prison camp prose.
Key words: lexicography, prison camp prose, A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Shalamov.
The article, dealing with structural and semantic features of emotive lexemes of drug addicts’ Russian jargon represented in the “Dictionary of Russian and English Drug Addicts’ Slanguage” by L. K. Bayramova and N. F. Khaliullova, dwells upon derived words. The central idea is that derivational morphemes are not of considerable importance in the building of drug addicts’ Russian slanguage words. While describing slanguage word-building patterns one should take into account motivating and socio-linguistic status of the primary word.
Key words: semantics, word-building forms, motivating stem, phraseological status.
The article examines the role of dictionaries in the contemporary world, and describes basic characteristics of lexicographic competence. The author also resorts to philological education and new academic disciplines that help to develop different levels of lexicographic competence.
Key words: lexicography, lexicographic competence, dialogue “dictionary- reader”, metalanguage of the dictionary, philological education.
The article deal with key structural principles of a dictionary entry of a new learner’s dictionary genre, namely, propaedeutic terminological dictionary.
Key words: learner’s lexicography, terminological dictionary.
The article considers the terms “appropriate”, “equivalent”, etc. as applied to the theory and practice of poetic translation. The author thinks it fi t to employ the term “appropriate” and substantiates the choice of the term.
Key words: appropriate, equivalent, exact, correct, exact.
The line of approach to compiling English-Russian dictionary is centered round semantic properties shared by polysemantic words. A dictionary based on prototypical semantics will help users to make better sense of dictionary entries whose meanings more often than not run into dozens. Results of the proposed approach may work for learning/teaching foreign languages.
Key words: polysemy, core of meaning, lexical prototype, dictionary of lexical prototypes.
The paper presents an overview of a new dictionary type, namely a diachronic bilingual reference book. It also gives a detailed and heavily illustrated lexicographic presentation of linguistic units together with. a thorough analysis of principal lexicographic parameters of methodological background and reference book structure. The latter comprise object description issues, semantization peculiarities, linguistic level of vocabulary description, linguistic and temporal orientation, purpose, addressee, functions, and format.
Key words: dictionary type, methodological background parameters, diachronic bilingual reference book.
The article deals with comparative analysis of Russian and English set expressions. It considers bilingual phraseological dictionaries as the basis for and the fi rst stage of comparative analysis of set expressions and describes different aspects of their equivalence. All examples are given from Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s novels.
Key words: Сomparative analysis, phraseological units, bilingual dictionaries, aspects of equivalency, Dostoevsky.
The article considers Russian and English proverbs refl ecting family relationships as an object of dictionary presentation. Comparative analysis makes possible to reveal some ethnic peculiarities of both nations.
Key words: proverbs, mentality, dictionary, equivalent, comparative analysis.
The article considers lexicographic presentation of German interjections. The German-Russian Dictionary of Interjections is the first attempt to systematically represent sound-imitating units like ach, bum, knack. German and Russian are compared in the context of phonological semantic properties of these units. The Dictionary allows revealing universals of phonoiconic systems of related and unrelated languages, and displaying German sound symbolism peculiarity.
Key words: interjections, phonological semantics, phonoiconic onomatopoeia, the German language.
The article deals with comparative analysis of Russian and German Biblical winged word funds, their presentation in dictionaries, and their usage by native speakers.
Key words: biblical winged words, biblical words and phrases, phraseography, lexicography, cultural connotation.
The paper analyzes linguistic information a dictionary entry should contain regarding every pair of ‘translator’s false friends’. On the one hand, the entry should not be overloaded with information; on the other hand, it must contain relevant information about the correlates, which would make possible further comparative linguistic study and high-quality translations. The analysis is done within the framework of “The Polish-Russian Dictionary of “Translator’s False Friends” project.
Key words: dictionary entry, translator’s false friends, informativity, interpretation, usage labels.
The article presents a number of gradable basic dictionaries for Russian as a second language, covers vocabulary distribution throughout the Russian language profi ciency levels. It also analyzes theoretical issues concerning cross-cultural communication properties of basic dictionaries, lists of precedent names, and criteria for selecting paremia.
Key words: Basic dictionary, testing, Russian as a foreign language, profi ciency level.
The article deals with functions of set expressions in a comprehensive explanatory dictionary. Explanatory presentation of head word phraseological value in a respective zone of the vocabulary entry is recognized as the main function. Auxiliary function consists in head word background semes of cultural, ethnic character, etc., which is based on certain associative connections between such semantic components and set expressions and is presented by way of illustration.
Key words: explanatory dictionary, semantic composition of head word, phraseological value of a word, word meaning as reflected in set expressions.
The paper deals with principles of compiling a dictionary of terms used in TV news programs. The dictionary would enable journalism majors to acquire a good understanding of the subject, to learn basic principles of a TV news text, and to understand its peculiarity.
Key words: term, TV news text.
Key words: linguistic personality, linguistic personality dictionary, speech production.
The paper deals with compiling learner’s dictionaries focused on linguistic units reflecting general scientific knowledge. A possibility for compiling a dictionary of the kind is shown by the example of a comprehensive learner’s dictionary of proper names that are revealed in the analysis of school text books and programs.
Key words: lexicography, comprehensive learner’s dictionary, general scientific knowledge, standard scientific world-image, proper name.
Theory and practice of teaching the Russian language and literature chiefl y treat literary discourse (literary text in school terminology) as a didactic unit and as the result of the author’s speech production. The article turns to other aspects of literary discourse, which are scarcely found in learning / teaching process. It puts forward lexicography-based methodology of text interpretation as a guideline for speech production that will result in students’ literary speech production. The advanced methodology of text interpretation promotes literary speech production and helps to encourage student’s personality development.
Key words: speech production, dictionary, didactic unit, methodological interpretation.
The article describes grammatical parameterization of set phrases in learner’s dictionary for junior students. It also reveals lexicographic means of presenting grammatical properties of set phrases. The analysis is accompanied by examples of various types of grammatical notes that are made with regard to the dictionary user.
Key words: learner’s phraseography, dictionary entry, grammatical parameter, training dictionary.
The article deals with compiling a reference book for fi ling clerks. The book, based on business Russian functional style, is built on principles of socially relevant communicative competence.
Key words: business style, socially-communicative competence, terminological dictionary, unifi cation, standardization.
The article tackles the problem of compiling dictionaries or encyclopedias based on F. M. Dostoyevsky’s works. But this effort, in the author’s opinion, is hampered by the fact that the writer’s artistic world is very complex, which is especially true for typological characterization of personages despite different typological conceptions.
Key words: character, implied sense, dictionary, plot context, typological synthesis, literary type, encyclopedia.
The article deals with peculiarities and basic design of the anthology of literary concepts focusing on specifi c conceptual analysis in literature and on characteristics of selected literary material.
Key words: anthology, literary concept, conceptual analysis.
Concept description as applied to individual texts proves only partially linguistic. This is due to the reconstruction of over-textual information that explains the choice of linguistic means. The paper advances a lexicographic model of a concept, which would incorporate all of its textual representations based on cultural and historical commentary. A dictionary of that kind would combine features of the dictionary of only one of the writer’s works, ideographic dictionary, reference-book, literary and historical commentary, and concordance.
Key words: lexicographic model of a concept, E. Zamyatin, utopia, anti-utopia.
The article considers the image-word ‘quiet’ in Ye. Boratynsky` s lyrics. The image incorporates both meanings that are traditionally associated with this notion in the world’s culture, and new ones introduced by the poet himself. The latter are connected with his specifi c views. Image-word ‘quiet’ in Boratynsky’s poetry is basic to an understanding of a complex contradictory personal inner world. Moreover, the image becomes so expressive that it acquires generalized, symbolic meaning and forms the basis for complex philosophical constructions.
Key words: image-word, quiet, Ye.A. Boratynsky, lyrics.
Peculiarities of concept “Love” in Chekhov’s works can be considered in the context of European and Russian philosophy. Love in Chekhov’s characters’ life very often exists on a mental plane, quite oblivious to reality. Primarily, concept “Love” reveals itself as love-reminiscence. The latter is dwelt upon in his works by Kierkegaard. Love of the kind is based on romantic vision of the world, which is characteristic of V. Solovyov’s philosophy of love. The apotheosis of love-reminiscence in Chekhov’s prose is marked by his short story “About Love”.
Key words: concept “Love”, Chekhov’s works, European and Russian philosophy, lovereminiscence.
Artistic concept is one of the humanities major aspects. The article deals with studying concept “Freedom” in B. Zaytsev’s prose, with revealing its structure and with analyzing functions of the concept in the writer’s works.
Key words: concept, artistic world, B. Zaytsev’s creative work.
The article considers “non-being”, one of the key concepts of Russian literature of the early 20th century. Turning to the texts of A. Bely, V. Bryusov, O. Mandelstam, M. Voloshin, G. Ivanov the author reveals spiritual sources and traces the evolution of images and patterns that represent “non-being” in the artistic universe of Russian literary modernism.
Key words: modernism, poetry, literary concept, non-being, evolution.
Spiritual realism is noted for its specifi c world-image that is based on the covert heavenly presence in the worldly life. A religious writer trying to gain an insight into the mystical in art and means and ways of sacral content embodiment, anyhow, directs his attention to concept “Heaven” to acquire a better understanding of its art and supra-art embodiment. Heaven and mystical landscapes with heaven as their centre express special reality perception, i.e. when another reality becomes visible through and encroaches on the mundane.
Key words: spiritual realism, concept, sacral content, religious writer, mystical landscapes.
The article considers interrelation of different concepts in the conceptual sphere of V. Astafyev’s idiolect. To illustrate the issue the authors analyze inclusion and overlapping of concepts “Death” and “Water” in the artistic world-image of V. P. Astafyev.
Key words: V. Astafyev, concepts “Death” and “Water”, conceptual sphere, artistic worldimage.
The article, based on the early works of A. Bitov, deals with concept “Childhood” that is significant for Russian literature. Concept analysis allows to consider peculiarities of thewriter’s world-image.
Key words: concept “Childhood”, works, Bitov’s prose, author’s alter ego.
The author studies concept “Creativity” in the prose of V. Rasputin of 1980–2000, identifying possible associative connections of words, and building up an associative fi eld of concept “Creation”.
Key words: prose of V. Rasputin 1980–2000, concept of “Creation”, associative connections of words, associative field.
The article, based on M. Tsvetayeva’s works, deals with a set phrase ‘пустое место’ (void) that within the framework of a poetic text realizes both its main meaning registered in dictionaries and additional meanings assigned by the poet who creates occasional units with the status of set phrases, though the latter do not belong to set expressions in Russian. The phrase under study can be marked both positively and negatively in M. Tsvetayeva’s idiolect, which emphasizes ambiguity of the notion of void in the poet’s creative work.
Key words: Marina Tsvetaeva, idiom, idiolect, concept, void, semantic field.
The article deals with the concept “Woman” whose structural parts are presented by symbolic, aesthetic, cultural and pejorative features. The modeling of the concept “Woman” in literary discourse becomes possible due to image and value constituents. The study is based on V. S. Makanin’s novel “Asan”.
Key words: concept “Woman”, V. S. Makanin novel “Asan”.
The article describes individual properties of Shalamov’s concept “Pine” verbalized in his poetry and prose. The article interprets the “Pine” as a text-concept and presents results of the statistical processing. The concept “Pine” is compared with other vegetable concepts embodied in Shalamov’s works, namely with those of “Elfi n wood” and “Larch”. Work is underway to prepare material for the dictionary of V. Shalamov’s concepts.
Key words: pine, artistic concept, linguocultural analysis, concept vocabulary.
Artistic images and symbols play a key role in Shalamov’s “Kolyma Tales”, which necessitates revealing and interpreting images and symbols of Shalamov’s tales. This study may result in a dictionary containing clusters of images and symbols associated with various aspects of labor camp prisoners’ life in Kolyma.
Key words: finger, image-symbol, Kolyma, prisoners.
The article considers the role of the lexical stratum whose essence is best represented by the term extraneous word. The author analyzes barbarisms, foreign words, and archaic vocabulary in “The Jungle Book”, “The Second Jungle Book”, “The Gipsy Trail” and comes to the conclusion that extraneous word is an indispensable element of Kipling’s dual world system.
Key words: extraneous word, barbarism, archaic vocabulary, dual world, law, the Bible.
Concept “Childhood” has been one of the major art concepts in the world-image of many Russian writers since F. M. Dostoyevsky. The article covers the study of concept “Childhood” in V. Grossman’s novellas of the later period. The study reveals concept structure and analyzes concept functioning in the writer’s works.
Key words: concept “Childhood”, Plato tradition, author’s axiology, orphanhood as concept “Childhood” representative, reminiscence motif.
This is a study of concept “Russia” in prose narrative of the 1990–2000-s written by a postmodernist writer V. Pyetsukh. This concept under study is considered in connection with other concepts that are signifi cant for literary concept-sphere of the writer, concepts “History” and “Russian national character” among them.
Key words: concept “Russia”, concept “History”, concept “Russian national character”, literary concept-sphere, concept representation markers.
The article considers concept “Childhood” and its functional peculiarities in the context of Ulitskaya’s conceptual sphere. The analysis of the structure and essence of the universal concept promote deeper understanding of life philosophy introduced by Ulitskaya. It also helps to reconstruct the writer’s world-image and to lay new emphasis on the main sources and motifs of her works.
Key words: childhood, artistic concept, conceptual sphere, L. Ulitskaya’s prose.
The article presents diachronic treatment of biblical set phrases with components чадо, сын, дети (child, son, children) that are used in ancient manuscripts of the 10th–11th centuries.
Key words: set phrase, dictionary, son, child, meaning, diachronic aspect.

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