Source: https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/327/385.html
Timestamp: 2019-04-26 06:56:03+00:00

Document:
NATIONAL LABOR REL. BD. v. CHENEY CALIFORNIA LBR. CO.
[327 U.S. 385, 386] MissRuth Weyand, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
The court found warrant for its excision of this provision in Labor Relations Board v. Express Pub. Co., supra. That case, however, recognized that it was within the power of the Board to make an order precisely like 1(b). It merely held that whether such an inclusive provision as 1(b) is justified in a particular case depends upon the circumstances of the particular case before the Board. See 312 U.S. at pages 433, 437, 438, 61 S.Ct. at pages 698, 700, 701. Here the trial examiner recommended the inclusion of 1(b) on the basis of his review of past hostilities by the company against efforts at unionization; no exception was made either to the findings or to thisrecommendation; upon full consideration of the record the Board adopted the trial examiner's [327 U.S. 385, 388] recommendation; no objection was raised by the Company until after the Board sought judicial enforcement of its order. The objection came too late.
A limitation which Congress has placed upon the power of courts to review orders of the Labor Board is decisive of this case. Section 10(e) of the Act commands that 'No objection that has not been urged before the Board, its member, agent, or agency, shall be considered by the court unless the failure or neglect to urge such objection shall be excused because of extraordinary circumstances.' We have heretofore had occasion to respect this explicit direction of Congress. Marshall Field & Co. v. National Labor Relations [327 U.S. 385, 389] Board, 318 U.S. 253 , 63 S.Ct. 585; and see May Department Stores Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 326 U.S. 376, 386 , 66 S.Ct. 203, 209, note 5. By this provision, Congress has said in effect that in a proceeding for enforcement of the Board's order the court is to render judgment on consent as to all issues that were contestable before the Board but were in fact not contested. Cf. Pope v. United States, 323 U.S. 1 , 65 S.Ct. 16. We can say of this case, as was said of the Marshall Field case, supra, that it 'gives emphasis to the salutary policy adopted by Section 10(e) of affording the Board opportunity to consider on the merits questions to be urged upon review of its order.' Marshall Field & Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, supra, 318 U.S. at page 256, 63 S.Ct. at page 586. The appropriateness of such a prohibition as the Board's order contains depends as the Express Publishing Company case, supra, abundantly shows, upon evidence found by the Board disclosing a course of conduct against which such an order may be the only proper remedy. The Board here so found. Justification of such an order, which necessarily involves consideration of the facts which are the foundation of the order, is not open for review by a court if no prior objection has been urged before the case gets into court and there is a total want of extraordinary circumstances to excuse 'the failure or neglect to urge such objection.' Congress desired that all controversies of fact, and the allowable inferences from the facts, be threshed out, certainly in the first instance, before the Board. That is what the Board is for. It was therefore not within the power of the court below to make the deletion it made.
Mr. Chief Justice STONE, concurring.
I concur on a ground which the Court's opinion points out and which is alone sufficient to sustain its decision, [327 U.S. 385, 390] namely, that the court below erroneously applied National Labor Relations Board v. Express Pub. Co., 312 U.S. 426 , 61 S.Ct. 693. But I cannot say that when the court below was appealed to as a court of equity to enforce by its injunction the Board's order, 10(e) of the National Labor Relations Act rendered the court powerless to frame its own injunction consistently with the record, on which that section requires it to act, and in conformity to accepted principles governing the scope of the injunction; or that if the tables were turned the section would require the reviewing court to repeat, by the excessive scope of its injunction, the very abuse of power condemned by the Express Publishing Company case.
The prohibition by 10(e) of the court's consideration of objections which the parties did not urge before the Board is a limitation upon the court's review of the grounds for granting or denying relief. This Court has treated it as such. See Marshall Field & Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 318 U.S. 253 , 63 S.Ct. 585. But we have not held that 10(e) could, and I think it cannot rightly, be construed to be also a limitation on the court's power to conform its own process to accepted legal standards applied to the 'entire record' which 10(e) requires to be filed with it. Nor is that prohibition a command to the court to act as a mere ministerial agency to execute the order of the Board, without regard to those standards which control the court's use of its own process, even though the Board and the parties have ignored them.
Only recently we have held that the imposition of a mandatory duty on a federal court of equity to restrain violations of a statute is not to be taken as depriving the court of its traditional power to administer its remedies according to its own governing principles and in conformity to the standards of public interest. See Hecht Co. v. Bowles, 321 U.S. 321, 331 , 64 S.Ct. 587, 592. In that case we held that a command explicitly addressed to a court of equity, [327 U.S. 385, 391] by 205(a) of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, 50 U.S.C.A. Appendix, 925(a), to grant an injunction enforcing the act when violation of it is shown, did not deprive the court of its equitable discretion to grant or withhold an injunction. It has been well said that 205(a), which directs that the court upon showing of violation 'shall' grant the injunction, 'does not change the historic conditions for the exercise by courts of equity of their power to issue injunctions.' 321 U.S. 331 , 64 S.Ct. 592.
It should likewise be held that the present statute does not alter the power of a court of equity to frame its injunction according to equitable principles applied in the light of the record on which it must act. Here the statute is not mandatory. It does not purport to curtail the court's power to define the scope of its process. The section only confers on the court the power to make 'a decree enforcing, modifying, and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part the order of the Board.' This emphasizes what was implicit in the statute involved in the Hec t case, and made explicit by the opinion, that when a statute authorizes an appeal to equity to enforce a liability created by statute, the exercise is invoked of those powers which pertain to it as a court of equity. This at least includes the power to fix, on its own motion, the scope of the decree which it may be required to enforce by contempt proceedings, in conformity to recognized equitable standards applied to the record before it.

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