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Timestamp: 2019-04-20 02:35:32+00:00

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This chapter describes what is known about protein export in Helicobacter pylori from the perspective of the general mechanisms for protein export in gram-negative bacteria. Autotransporters constitute one terminal branch of the general secretory pathway (GSP), frequently employed to export virulence factors. A new Sec-independent system for translocation of proteins across the inner membrane (IM) has recently been identified, and orthologs of the essential genes of this system have been found in the H. pylori genome. Sec-dependent translocation across the IM requires the substrate protein to be unfolded. Most ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are, however, not involved in protein export, but in the efflux and influx of a diverse group of substrates. To date, none of the potential ABC transporters in H. pylori has been proposed to be involved in protein export. Motility is mediated by the sheathed flagella in H. pylori and is necessary for colonization in animal models. In the context of the chapter the flagellar export apparatus potentially is interesting owing to its similarity to type III export systems. Recently, in a different system, it has been demonstrated that the flagellar transport apparatus of Yersinia enterocolitica also functions as a protein export system for a pathogenesis-related phospholipase, placing the flagellar export/assembly system under a new light. The proteins discussed in a section, urease, heat shock proteins, and superoxide dismutase, are found only in the cytoplasm of most bacterial species.
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