Source: http://aoot.osa.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-26-33439
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 06:17:35+00:00

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On chip high quality and high degree pulse compression is desirable in the realization of integrated ultrashort pulse sources, which are important for nonlinear photonics and spectroscopy. In this paper, we design a simple inversely tapered silicon ridge waveguide with exponentially decreasing dispersion profile along the propagation direction, and numerically investigate self-similar pulse compression of the fundamental soliton within the mid-infrared spectral region. When higher-order dispersion (HOD), higher-order nonlinearity (HON), losses (α), and variation of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient γ(z) are considered in the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation, a 1 ps input pulse at the wavelength of 2490 nm is successfully compressed to 57.29 fs in only 5.1-cm of propagation, along with a compression factor Fc of 17.46. We demonstrated that the impacts of HOD and HON are minor on the pulse compression process, compared with that of α and variation of γ(z). Our research results provide a promising solution to realize integrated mid-infrared ultrashort pulse sources.
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Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the designed inversely tapered silicon ridge waveguide. (b) Dispersion curves of the fundamental mode in the designed waveguide with width (W) varying from 800 to 1390 nm. The red vertical line indicates the pump wavelength of 2490 nm and the light green region has normal dispersion. (c) The variation of β2 at 2490 nm versus W. The insets show the mode patterns at the input and output ports of the waveguide taper.
Fig. 2 (a) The profile of W(z) along the propagation direction z. (b) The variations of the nonlinearity coefficient γ(z) (blue solid curve) and dispersion β2 (red dashed curve) along z.
Fig. 3 The evolutions of the (a) temporal waveform and (b) normalized spectrum of the pulse along the propagation distance in the waveguide in the ideal case, where the variation of γ(z), α0, 3PA, HON, and HOD are all neglected.
Fig. 4 The evolutions of the (a) temporal profile and (b) normalized spectrum of the pulse along the propagation distance in the waveguide when the variation of γ(z), α0, 3PA, HON, and HOD are all considered.
Fig. 5 Comparison of (a) the temporal profiles and (b) normalized spectra of the output pulses when the variation of γ(z) (orange short dashed curves), α including α0 and 3PA (cyan dashed curves), HON (green dash dotted curves) which means the self-steepening, and HOD (blue short dash dotted curves) are considered, respectively. The output pulse of the ideal case (NLSE, black solid curves) and realistic case with all effects included (red solid curves) are also plotted for comparison. The inset in (b) shows the detail of the peaks in the curves of NLSE, HON, HOD, and α.
Fig. 6 The variations of different order dispersion lengths LDk (k = 2, 3, 4 and 5, red, navy, yellow, and green solid curves, respectively), and the ratio LD2/LD3 (black dash dotted curve) along the propagation distance. The black dashed vertical lines indicate the locations with zero β4 and β5.
Fig. 7 The evolutions of (a) TFWHM and (b) the peak power of the pulse along the propagation in the waveguide taper in the ideal case (NLSE, black solid curves), with the variation of γ(z) (blue dashed curves), HOD (orange dash dotted curves), HON (green dash dot doted curves), α including α0 and 3PA (cyan short dash dotted curves), and all effects (red solid curves), respectively.
Fig. 8 The evolutions of the second-order dispersion length LD2 (red solid curves) and nonlinear length LNL (blue solid curves) in logarithmic scale along the propagation in the waveguide taper when (a) only the variation of γ(z) and (b) all effects are considered. The black dotted lines are the chirp length LC. The green dashed curves represent LD2 and LNL in the ideal case (NLSE) for comparison. (c) The relative deviations δL/L = 2(LD2−LNL)/(LD2 + LNL) in the cases with γ(z) or all effects included.
Fig. 9 The evolutions of (a) TFWHM and (b) peak power of the pulses along the propagation in the waveguide taper with α0 = 0.026 (red dashed curves), 0.1 (blue short dashed curves), 0.274 (orange dash dotted curves), and 1 dB/cm (green dash dot dotted curves), respectively. The curves for α0 = 0 (black solid curves) are also plotted for comparison.
Table 1 TFWHM, peak power, and Fc of the output pulse for different α0 and a 1-ps input pulse.
TFWHM, peak power, and Fc of the output pulse for different α0 and a 1-ps input pulse.

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