Source: http://globalf5.com/Zhurnaly/Tehnologii-pischevyh-proizvodstv/oods-and-aw-aterials/vypusk-2017-2
Timestamp: 2019-04-20 08:48:55+00:00

Document:
Bykov D. E., Eremeeva N. B., Makarova N. V., Bakharev V. V., Demidova A. V., Bykova T. O.
Derkach S. R., Grokhovsky V. A., Kuranova L. K., Volchenko V. I.
Egorova E. Yu., Khmelev V. N., Morozhenko Yu. V., Reznichenko I. Yu.
Jafarpour D., Amirzadeh A., Maleki M., Mahmoudi M. R.
Fedosova A. N., Kaledina M. V.
Lisitsyn A. B., Chernukha I. M., Lunina O. I.
Majeed M., Anwar S., Khan M.U., Asghar A., Shariati M.A., Semykin V., Fazel M.
Meleshkina E. P., Pankratov G. N., Vitol I. S., Kandrokov R. H., Tulyakov D. G.
Melnikova E. I., Losev A. N., Stanislavskaya E. B.
Permyakova L. V., Pomozova V. A., Antipova L. V.
Tunieva E. K., Kotenkova E. A.
Astakhova L. A., Asyakina L. K.
Zimina M. I., Gazieva A. F., Sukhih S. A., Dishluk L. S.
Bacteriocines are substances of protein nature, which are produced by many strains of microorgamisms. Due to the fact that bacteriocins are effectively used as antimicrobial agents in medicine and food industry, isolation and study of the properties of new bacteriocins-producing strains is very important. It should be noted that production of bacteriocins by microbial cells directly depends on strain cultivation conditions and methods of bacteriocin isolation. Among other cultivation parameters such as temperature and the active acidity of the culture medium, the duration of cultivation directly influences the synthesis of bacteriocins. Thus, the selection of the optimum duration of strains cultivation and method of bacteriocin isolation would allow us to increase significantly the bacteriocin production and, hence the antimicrobial activity of the strains. Therefore, determination of the optimum duration of cultivation and method of bacteriocins isolation is a very important step for getting bacteriocins with maximum activity. In this study, the isolation of microbial cultures from the fresh onion surface and the identification of these strains by sequencing of the 16S RNA gene were carried out. Also their morphological and physiological-and-biochemical properties were studied. The optimum cultivation duration was performed by using the determination of the antimicrobial activity in different time intervals. The strain cultivation was carried out during 24 hours. Three methods were used to isolate bacteriocins. They were based on the using of activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, and chloroform. The antimicrobial activity of bacteriocins was studied by means of the disk diffusion method. The identification of the isolated strains has revealed that the strains belong to Bacillus safensis and Bacillus pumilus species. It was found that the bacteriocins had the greatest antimicrobial activity when being cultivated for 18 hours and using method based on ammonium sulfate precipitation.
Piskaeva A. I., Dolganyuk V. F., Noskova S. Yu., Chaplygin O. S.
Poultry farming is one of the largest branches of agriculture with a high level of production of a variety of organic wastes that require special approaches to useful utilization. The article describes the problem of processing evisceration waste and keeping poultry in quality feed supplements and the estimation of their effectiveness in feeding broiler chickens. In accordance with the studies, it has been established that the studied feed supplements, with a share of feather-down waste of more than 80%, differ in a balanced amino acid composition, a high content of protein (89.9-90.2%) and sulfur-containing amino acids, that is cystine and tryptophan that have a high value in the process of fattening the bird. The ratio of 8 : 2 (feather-down waste : litter) is recognized rational and optimal for a further use - the feed supplement produced using this method contains glycine, the most important amino acid for chickens, and is characterized by a high content of calcium and phosphorus due to the components of litter. According to the safety indicators established by the regulatory documents, the feed supplement is recognized high-quality and safe. When estimating the toxicity of the feed supplement using the test organism Tetrahymena pyriformis , no adverse effect on the survival, mobility, growth and behavior of the cells was detected. When analyzing the relative biological value of the feed supplement using Tetrahymena pyriformis , it has been established that the average number of the cells grown withthe use of the feed supplement is (8.9 ± 0.9) × 104 cells, which indicates its high nutritional value. Taking into account the results of the studies on the chemical and amino acid composition of the feed supplement, the data ofmicrobiological and toxicological studies, and taking into account the toxicity estimation, it has been concluded that the studied supplement is safe and can be used in the birds diet.
Khodunova O. S., Silant'eva L. A.
This paper describes methods to ensure microbiological safety of sprout seeds with no loss of functional and organoleptic properties, since germination of cereal crop seeds promotes intensive growth of microorganisms. The impact of the short-wave ultraviolet irradiation for 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 hours, the ultrasound for 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes, the antimicrobial drug solution of 3, 5, 10% in concentration for 2 and 4 minutes, solution of potassium permanganate of 0.005, 0.01, 0.05% in concentration for 2 and 4 minutes, succinic acid solution of 5% in concentration and chitosan solution of 0.1 and 0.5% in concentration in succinic acid for 20, 40, 60 minutes was identified on such microbiological properties of the germinated oat seeds, as QMAFAnM, Coliform bacteria, the amount of yeast and molds. The study results revealed that sprout oat seeds treated with ultraviolet, ultrasound, solution of antimicrobial drug of 3% and 5% concentration, succinic acid solution is not effective enough. Upon the organoleptic analysis of the resulting product, it is noted that organoleptic properties of the test product change when sprout seeds are treated with antimicrobial solution of more than 5% in concentration and with the potassium permanganate solution of more than 0.01% in concentration. The microbiological safety of sprout oat seeds is ensured without their organoleptic property changed when treated with 0.005% solution of potassium permanganate for four minutes or 0.1-0.5% solution of chitosan in succinic acid for 60 minutes. The sprout seeds thus treated may be used as the functional additive to food products.
Petrov A. N., Galstyan A. G., Radaeva I. A., Turovskaya S. N., Illarionova E. E., Semipyatniy V. K., Khurshudyan S. A., DuBuske L. M., Krikunova L. N.
The main indicators of the quality and safety of dairy canned food in the range of low, intermediate and high humidity related to their distribution in Russia and abroad are considered. A comparative analysis of the quality parameters of traditional canned milk produced by the interstate standards in force in Russia, including obligatory conditions of compliance with technological requirements and sanitary and hygienic norms for production, when compared to similar products manufactured according to international standards, demonstrates competitive indicators of quality and safety. The basic technological approaches are investigated and a number of additional evaluation criteria for the utilization of various technologies and assessments of the quality of finished products are considered. Data on alternative raw ingredients, food additives and technological aspects that contribute to improving the quality of products, including storage stability, are reviewed. Separately presented are the integral criteria which, excludes the presence of falsified products. The principles of creating technologies for canned dairy products of functional purpose, including gero-dietetics, are described. Thus, based on a modern regulatory and technical base and using existing production capacities for the production of high-quality dairy canned food, the only necessary element for solving the problem of complete import substitution of canned dairy products in Russia is to increase the volume of raw material production.
Timakova R. T., Tikhonov S. L., Tikhonova N. V., Poznyakovskiy V. M.
To determine the absorbed doses of ionizing radiation of food, it is recommended to use the method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but, at the same time, determination method improvement is necessary. The objective of the study is improvement of the technique of sample preparation and analysis of the obtained results by means of quantitative estimation of the absorbed doses of ionizing radiation on the basis of EPR spectrum parameters, case study is irradiated meat and fish. Bone tissue samples (BTS) of meat and fish were subject to irradiation processing with ionizing radiation in the following doses: 3, 9, 10, 12 kGy with UELR-10-10C2 linear electron accelerator with energy up to 10 MeV. Study of the irradiated samples was performed with the automated portable X-band EPR spectrometer of the brand Labrador Expert. The improved technique of preparation of bone tissue samples for analysis differs with the increased duration of drying - up to 24 hours, which allows to obtain the stable EPR spectra in multiple replications. Correlation dependence of EPR signal area increase and irradiation dose is determined: for beef it is 0.98, for pork it is 0.98, for poultry it is 0.996 and for fish it is 0.99. Strong statistical relationship between the irradiation dose and the absorbed dose is determined: for beef it is 0.94, for pork it is 0.94, for poultry it is 0.96 and for fish it is 0.94. Processing of EPR spectra of meat and fish BTS by means of amplitudecalculation and EPR peak width and area allows to determine the absorbed dose with a high degree of confidence (p ≤ 0.05). For bone tissue of pork, beef, poultry and fish, irradiated with the dose of 12 kGy, amplitude is 4.8∙10-4, 5.08∙10-4, 1.11∙ 10-4 and 3.44∙10-5 p.u., peak area is - 6.73∙ 10-3, 6.94∙10-3, 3.68∙10-3 and 3.07∙10-3.
Babich O. O., Milent'eva I. S., Ivanova S. A., Pavsky V. A., Kashirskikh E. V., Yang Y.
The development of personified medicine, aimed at prevention, makes relevant any development of foodstuffs with improved quality characteristics, including by addition of natural plant ingredients. Nuts are a high- calorie food with a high protein and fat content, including pine nuts. They have a positive impact on human health and attract the attention of researchers due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. The study objects were samples of a nut kernel of Pinus sibirica , growing in the Kemerovo Oblast. In the Pinus sibirica nut samples the protein composition (15-16%) is not lower by content than in many other kinds of nuts; as for the fat content (62-67%), the greatest one belongs to linolenic acid; oleinic and linolenic acids are the next by content. Palmitic acid dominates among the saturated fatty acids. The studied nut samples exceeded the ones of the Tuva Republic, the Far East region and China by many indicators of nutrition value. By the protein and fat content of the studied nut samples are comparable with the ones of the Far East region. By the protein content they exceed the nut samples of China (15%); by the fat content - the ones of Tuva (40%). It is stated that by chemical and microbiological parameters the Pinus sibirica nuts, growing in the Kemerovo Oblast, satisfy the requirements of the current normative documents, they do not have any toxic effect on a human, and their nutrition value can be considered as a promising ingredient for various food products, including sport nutrition and special food.
Mayurnikova L. A., Zinchuk S. F., Davydenko N. I., Gilmulina S. A.
Diabetes mellitus is the most threatening form of human metabolic disorder and of malnutrution as one of the main causes of its development. The purpose of the studies is the development of a functional basis of phyto- beverages based on herbal medicinal raw materials with a high antioxidant activity for the correction of nutrition for diabetic patients. The object of the studies was plant medicinal raw materials that grow mainly in the territory of the Kemerovo region, various vegetative parts of plants were used: leaves (of cranberry, knotgrass, common St. John's wort, blindweed, common plantain and common horsetail); roots (of elecampane, common burdock, common dandelion); valves (common beans); shoots (of blueberry). The antioxidant activity of water extracts from plant raw materials mixtures was determined using a spectrophotometric method based on the determination of concentration of malonic dialdehyde in biological material. The following compositions of mixtures have been experimentally determined: 1) common St. John's wort, great nettle, common dandelion, blueberry, common horsetail; 2) knotgrass, great nettle, blueberry, common horsetail; as well as the following extraction parameters: the degree of grinding of raw material is 5-8 mm, the ratio of solid (medicinal plant raw material) and liquid (water) phases is 1 : 7, the temperature is 50 ± 1C, the extraction time is 6 hours. A possibility of preserving finished extracts with alcohol up to 8% of the volume fraction has been determined, which allows to keep them for 30 days providing the alcohol content in the beverage on the basis of the extract of not more than 0.5%, according to the applicable requirements. It has been shown that the created extracts have an antioxidant activity.
Krasnova T. A., Timoshchuk I. V., Gorelkina A. K., Dugarjav J.
At present, providing the population with clean drinking water is one of the most important urgent problems of our time. Due to seasonal changes in water composition and violation of water treatment technology, the conventional process is not always effective to ensure water purification of organic compounds. Moreover, more hazardous contaminants may form unlike the previous ones. Humic substances act as the main source of chloroform formation for water decontamination during the water treatment. Adsorption chloroform extraction from water was studied under static conditions using KAU, SKD-515, BAU, AG-3, AG-OV-1 carbon, ABG semi-coke, PFS polymer sorbents and Porolas T and active nonwoven fabric that differ in the production method, structure and specific surface. Main regularities, features and mechanism for adsorption extraction of chloroform from water are identified for test sorbents. The Freundlich and Langmuir equations (theories of monomolecular adsorption), the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation, modified for adsorption from aquatic solution (theory of micro-pore bulk filling) and the BET equation (generalized theory of polymolecular adsorption of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) are used to define sorbents and calculate adsorption parameters. To study the potential to increase the sorbent adsorption capacity due variations in the surface structure and chemistry, sorbents were modified by hydrochloric acid solutions and sodium hydroxide. In absence of experimental studies, the technique is developed to define the limiting value of organic compound adsorption not interacting with surface functional groups of carbon sorbents with the developed system of micropores. The sorbent with the best adsorption properties regarding chloroform was recommended.
Kharitonov V. D., Burlev M. Ya., Kuznetsov P. V., Mertinc P.
The current development of drying technologies makes it possible to manufacture dried milk products which, when recovered, practically do not differ from the original ones. At the same time, the choice of various auxiliary dried milk conditioning processes impacts decisively on its physical-chemical, organoleptic and reconstitution (instant) properties. This article presents the results of research covering the impact of individual methods of vibration treatment and transportation of dried milk products manufactured by two-stage spray drying on their characteristics. The properties of dried milk products were evaluated using both traditional and specially developed methods. To measure the instant properties, a specially developed index - relative dissolution rate - was used. Analysis of changes in properties of samples of dried milk products selected at different stages of the drying process indicates a significant decrease in the average particle size, an increase in the free fat mass fraction and consequently a decrease in the relative dissolution rate after passing through instantizer, vibrating sieve and aerosol transport system. And the most significant changes are observed during milk powder passing through aerosol transport system. In general, the results obtained indicate the significant impact of the drying method, systems of treatment, transportation and intermediate storage of dried milk on its properties that should be taken into account when improving the relevant processes and equipment.

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