Source: https://www.dndisputes.com/case/d2006-0699/
Timestamp: 2019-04-25 03:50:54+00:00

Document:
The Complainant is Linear Technology Corporation, Milpitas, California, United States of America, represented by Pattishall, McAuliffe, Newbury, Hilliard & Geraldson LLP, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
The disputed domain name <linearelectronics.com> (the “Disputed Domain Name”) is registered with Intercosmos Media Group, Inc. d/b/a directNIC.com (the “Registrar”).
3.1 The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on June 2, 2006. On June 7, 2006, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the Disputed Domain Name at issue. On June 7, 2006, the Registrar transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant and providing the contact details for the administrative, billing, and technical contact. On June 12, 2006, the Center asked for confirmation via e-mail of the expiry date of the Disputed Domain Name. On June 12, 2006, the Registrar confirmed the expiry date of the Disputed Domain Name as requested.
3.2 The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amendment to the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy”), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
3.3 In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on June 13, 2006. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was July 3, 2006. The Respondent did not submit any response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on July 4, 2006.
3.4 The Center appointed Matthew S. Harris as the sole panelist in this matter on July 11, 2006. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4.1 The Complainant is a US company registered in Delaware which designs, manufactures and markets a broad line of standard high performance integrated circuits used by major communications, computer and industrial companies worldwide. The company markets over 7,500 products to over 15,000 original equipment manufacturers, employs approximately 3,200 people worldwide and made over one billion dollars in sales last year with a 41% net profit.
4.2 The Complainant is the owner of trademarks at the United States Patent and Trademark Office for graphic representations of ‘Linear Technology’ (Reg. No. 2773279), ‘Linear’ (Reg. No. 2719252), ‘LT Linear Technology’ (Reg. No. 2771195) and the word mark ‘Linear Technology’ (Reg. No. 2771194). In addition, the Complaint owns registrations for the word mark ‘Linear Technology’ in Italy and France and registrations for the graphic representation of ‘Linear Technology’ in Italy, France, Australia, Benelux, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, the EU, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and the UK (together, the “Linear Marks”).
4.3 In addition, the Complainant is the registrant and owner of the domain names <linear.com> and <linear-tech.com>, registered on March 20, 1995 and August 29, 1995 respectively. The Complainant’s principal website is at “www.linear.com”.
4.4 The legal status of the Respondent is unclear.
4.5 The Respondent registered the Disputed Domain Name on 22 March 2006.
4.6 A portal page operates from the Disputed Domain Name which links to various commercial websites grouped under various headings. The page contains the words “Buy This Domain! Find Out How Click Here!” Clicking on these words leads to a website at “www.kenyatech.com” where an offer can be made for the Disputed Domain Name.
4.7 On April 18, 2006, the Complainant sent a cease and desist letter to the Respondent via email and Federal Express, asking the Respondent to transfer the Disputed Domain Name to the Complainant along with any similar domain names. The letter was returned because the address listed for Spiral Matrix was “inaccurate” (according to the Complainant) and the Respondent did not answer the Complainant’s e-mail.
5.2 The Complainant contends that the Disputed Domain Name is virtually identical or confusingly similar to the LINEAR Marks which are well known and famous throughout the world and possess a strong secondary meaning signifying the Complainant and its products.
5.3 Therefore, the Panel finds that Disputed Domain Name is confusingly similar to trademarks in which the Complainant has rights.
5.4 The Complainant has not licensed or otherwise permitted the Respondent to use its marks or any domain name incorporating them.
5.5 The Respondent is not commonly known by the Disputed Domain Name, has not acquired any trademark or service mark right to the Disputed Domain Name and, to the best of the Complainant’s knowledge, has not applied for or obtained any trademark or service mark registrations for the Disputed Domain Name.
5.6 Given the fame of the LINEAR Marks the Complainant contends that the Respondent at the time of registration of the Disputed Domain Name had “probable actual knowledge of Complainant’s rights in LINEAR Marks”. In addition to any actual knowledge the Respondent may have of the LINEAR Marks, the Respondent is also claimed to have had constructive notice of the LINEAR Marks since at least 2002, when the Complainant registered the ‘Linear’ device with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
5.7 The Complainant believes that the Respondent obtained the Disputed Domain Name in order to create a likelihood of confusion and attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the Disputed Domain Name.
5.8 Therefore, the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the Disputed Domain Name.
5.9 The Complainant asserts that the Respondent registered and uses the Disputed Domain Name to unlawfully divert and siphon off visitors seeking the Complainant’s website. These users are instead directed to links for websites whose owners have paid the Respondent for placement. The Complainant quotes Elsevier B.V. v. Domain Deluxe, NAF Case No. FA0402000237520 at p.3 in support of its contention that the Respondent’s use of the Disputed Domain for such purposes “qualifies as neither a bona fide offering of goods or services nor a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name” and from National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, Inc., d/b/a Minor League Baseball v. John Zuccarini, WIPO Case No. D2002-1011 at p.5 that this is “itself evidence of bad faith”.
“…the Panel finds that it is inconceivable that Respondent chose the contested domain name without knowledge of Complainant’s activities and the name and trademark under which Complainant is doing business”.
PRL USA Holdings, Inc. v. Spiral MatrixWIPO Case No. D2006-0189.
In all these proceedings the panel ordered the transfer of the relevant domain name.
5.12 Therefore, the Disputed Domain has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
(iii) the Disputed Domain Name has been registered and is being used in bad faith (para 4(a)(iii)).
6.4 The Panel has reviewed the Complaint and annexes and its findings are set out below.
(ii) the Complainant must show that the Disputed Domain Name is identical or confusingly similar to the trademark or service mark in which it has rights.
6.6 The Complainant relies on the LINEAR Marks in relation to the first element of paragraph 4(a) and has provided evidence of registration of the LINEAR Marks in their respective countries of registration.
6.7 With regards to the second element of paragraph 4(a), the ‘.com’ of the Disputed Domain Name can be disregarded. That leaves ‘Linear Electronics’ (it not being possible to include spaces between words in domain names) as the name to be compared with the LINEAR Marks for the purposes of assessing whether the Disputed Domain Name is identical or confusingly similar to the LINEAR Marks.
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY, a word mark, reg. no. 1224149 in France.
6.9 In the circumstances, none of the marks relied upon by the Complainant are identical to the Disputed Domain Name (see for example the comments in Minibar North AmericaInc. v. Ian Musk & GEMS Global Electronic Minibar Systems AS, WIPO Case No. D2005-0035 as to the treatment of device marks which incorporate words under the Policy).
6.10 Are the marks listed above confusingly similar to the Disputed Domain Name? The answer to that question appears to be yes. The US mark reg. no. 2719252 comprises the word ‘Linear’ albeit only portrayed in a stylized (somewhat Art Nouveau) script. The addition of the word ‘electronics’ appears at first sight to be descriptive of the Complainant’s goods. The phrases ‘Linear Technology’ and ‘Linear Electronics’ also have a high degree of similarity.
6.11 However, the difficulty here is that it is not clear to what extent ‘Linear’ and ‘Linear Electronics’ are generic terms. From a brief search on the internet conducted by the Panel, ‘Linear Electronics’ appears to describe the area of electrical engineering governing electronic devices in which the output varies in direct proportion to the input.
6.12 In addition, whilst the Complainant alleges that the LINEAR Marks have acquired ‘secondary meaning’, it is not alleged that either the terms ‘Linear’ and ‘Linear Electronics’ specifically have acquired secondary meaning distinctive of the Complainant’s goods and services.
6.13 Nevertheless, on balance the Panel holds that the Complainant succeeds in this particular case under this heading. In the Panel’s view the Complaint has just made out a prima facie case of confusing similarity and the Respondent has not brought forward any evidence or argument to the contrary. In coming to that conclusion the Panel also bears in mind various UDRP decisions that suggest that the confusing similarity test involves a “low threshold” (for example, Asset Marketing Systems, LLC v. SilverLining, WIPO Case No. D2005-0560).
6.14 The Panel therefore concludes that the Complainant has made out the requirements of paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy.
6.15 The Panel accepts the Complainant’s contentions that the Respondent is not known by the Disputed Domain Name (or for that matter by the name ‘Linear Electronics’) and has no trademark or service marks in such names.
6.16 The Complainant then goes on to assert that the Respondent had constructive and probable actual knowledge of the LINEAR Marks when registering the Disputed Domain Name and that the Respondent obtained the Disputed Domain Name intentionally to attempt to attract Internet users who would be otherwise destined for the Complainant’s own website.
6.17 The Panel accepts that if the Complainant can show that the Disputed Domain Name was registered with a view to trading off the goodwill of the Complainant, then in the absence of any other evidence to suggest any legitimate right or interest in the Disputed Domain Name on the part of the Respondent, this will usually be sufficient to satisfy paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy. As the Panel discusses in greater detail below in the context of bad faith, the Complainant has indeed made out a prima facie case that the Disputed Domain Name was registered with the intention of trading off the Complainant’s reputation. There is no Response before the Panel in which any legitimate right or interest is suggested and nor is such an interest apparent from the manner in which the Disputed Domain Name has been used to date. The Panel therefore finds that the Complainant has made out the requirements of paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy.
6.18 For the Complaint to succeed, the Panel must be satisfied that the Disputed Domain Name was both registered and is being used in bad faith by the Respondent (paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy).
6.19 The Complainant contends that the Respondent registered and is using the Disputed Domain Name to “unlawfully divert and siphon off visitors seeking Complainant’s web site” and that the Respondent must have been aware of the Complainant and its marks because of the Complainant’s registrations for, and wide reputation in, the LINEAR Marks. Therefore, the Disputed Domain Name was registered in bad faith and continues to be used in bad faith.
“The Policy makes no mention of constructive notice being enough to satisfy this requirement…[and]…if Complainant’s position were adopted, it would essentially establish a per se rule of bad faith any time a domain name is identical or similar to a previously-registered trademark, since constructive notice could be found in every such case. Such a result would be inconsistent with both the letter and the spirit of the policy, which requires actual bad faith”.
6.21 There are cases which suggest that in unusual circumstances a limited version of the doctrine of constructive notice may have a role to play (see for example Sibyl AveryJackson v. Jan Teluch,WIPO Case No. D2002-1180 and Mobile CommunicationService Inc. v. Webreg, RN,WIPO Case No. D2005-1304) but these cases are controversial and in any event no such unusual circumstances exist in the current case. In short, the doctrine of constructive notice, even if not entirely dead in UDRP proceedings, does not assist the Complainant.
6.22 Further, the Panel does not accept that the use of the decisions in Telstra CorporationLimited v. Nuclear Marshmallows, WIPO Case No. D2000-0003 and Pancil LLC v. Domain Deluxe, WIPO Case No. D2003-1035 help the Complainant in this case. In Telstra the panel stated that it was “not possible to conceive of a plausible circumstance in which the Respondent could legitimately use the domain name” in question. Similarly, in Pancil, the panel found it “inconceivable that Respondent chose the contested domain name without knowledge of Complainant’s activities and the name and trademark under which Complainant is doing business”. The current case is not one in which the Complainant has brought forward evidence that the Domain Name is necessarily exclusively referable to the Complainant.
(iv) the evidence of the Complainant that the address for the Respondent is a false one (see Ceyx Technologies v. Ceyx.Com, WIPO Case No. D2001-0681 as an example of this being taken into account by a panel).
6.24 In the absence of any evidence from the Respondent to the contrary, the Panel therefore accepts that the Disputed Domain Name was registered with knowledge, and with the intention of taking advantage, of the Complainant’s trade mark rights. Accordingly, the Panel finds that the Disputed Domain has been registered and used in bad faith and that the Complainant has made out Paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy.
For all the foregoing reasons, in accordance with Paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the domain name <linearelectronics.com> be transferred to the Complainant.

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