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O NOUĂ ETAPĂ A GLOBALIZĂRII: TRECEREA LA O LUME MULTIPOLARĂ ȘI PREFIGURAREA UNEI NOI ORDINI ECONOMICE MONDIALE.
New Delhi, July 24, 1991.
POLICY OBJECTIVES Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundations of modern India. His vision and determination have left a lasting impression on every facet of national endeavour since Independence. It is due to his initiative that India now has a strong and diversified industrial base and is a major industrial nation of the world. The goals and objectives set out for the nation by Pandit Nehru on the eve of Independence, namely, the rapid agricultural and industrial development of our country, rapid expansion of opportunities for gainful employment, progressive reduction of social and economic disparities, removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance remain as valid today as at the time Pandit Nehru first set them out before the nation. Any industrial policy must contribute to the realisation of these goals and objectives at an accelerated pace. The present statement of industrial policy is inspired by these very concerns, and represents a renewed initiative towards consolidating the gains of national reconstruction at this crucial stage. 2. In 1948, immediately after Independence, Government introduced the Industrial Policy Resolution. This outlined the approach to industrial growth and development. It emphasised the importance to the economy of securing a continuous increase in production and ensuring its equitable distribution. After the adoption of the Constitution and the socio-economic goals, the Industrial Policy was comprehensively revised and adopted in 1956. To meet new challenges, from time to time, it was modified through statements in 1973, 1977 and 1980. 3. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 was followed by the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 which had as its objective the acceleration of the rate of economic growth and the speeding up of industrialisation as a means of achieving a socialist pattern of society. In 1956, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship not strong enough. Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the role of the State to assume a predominant and direct responsibility for industrial development.
The Industrial Policy Statement of 1977 laid emphasis on decentralisation and on the role of small-scale. 6. It was Smt. The accent was on opening the domestic market to increased competition and readying our industry to stand on its own in the face of international competition. Thus on the eve of the Seventh Five Year Plan. The net result of all these changes was that Indian industry grew by an impressive average annual growth rate of 8. a broad-based infrastructure had been built up. technicians and skilled workers had also been trained.5% in the Seventh Plan period. intermediates. prosperous and forward-looking India. The policy laid the foundation for an increasingly competitive export based and for encouraging foreign investment in high-technology areas. as had a new generation of entrepreneurs. technological upgradation and modernisation. finished goods . A large number of engineers. While Government will continue to follow the policy of self-reliance. democratic.4. to end poverty and unemployment and to build a modern. 10. Such a society can be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. The technological and managerial modernisation of industry was pursued as the key instrument for increasing productivity and improving our competitiveness in the world. reducing costs and improving quality. 5. Basic industries had been established. 9. identified high-priority industries where investment from large industrial houses and foreign companies would be permitted. socialist. A number of policy and procedural changes were introduced in 1985 and 1986 under the leadership of Shri Rajiv Gandhi aimed at increasing productivity. New growth centres of industrial activity had emerged. The Industrial Policy statement of 1973. The public sector was freed from a number of constraints and given a larger measure of autonomy. Government is pledged to launching a reinvigorated struggle for social and economic justice.raw materials. there would be greater emphasis placed on building up our ability to pay for imports through our own foreign exchange earnings. tiny and cottage industries. A high degree of self-reliance in a large number of items . The Industrial Policy Statement of 1980 focussed attention on the need for promoting competition in the domestic market. This found expression in the Sixth Five Year Plan which bore the distinct stamp of Smt. 7. Indira Gandhi who emphasised the need for productivity to be the central concern in all economic and production activities. Government is also committed to . The Seventh Plan recognised the need to consolidate on these strengths and to take initiatives to prepare Indian industry to respond effectively to the emerging challenges. Indira Gandhi. inter alia. These policies created a climate for rapid industrial growth in the country.had been achieved. 8.
Government will provide enhanced support to the small-scale sector so that it flourishes in an environment of economic efficiency and continuous technological upgradation. 15. Banks and financial institutions are under State control. 13. Foreign investment and technology collaboration will be welcomed to obtain higher technology. Government will continue to visualise new horizons. these instruments will prove more effective and decisive. Government will fully protect the interests of labour. 14. The spread of industrialisation to backward areas of the country will be actively promoted through appropriate incentives. 17. . Today. Government believes that no small section of society can corner the gains of growth. The major objectives of the new industrial policy package will be to build on the gains already made. Labour will be made an equal partner in progress and prosperity. institutions and infrastructure investments. the State has other instruments of intervention. leaving workers to bear its pains.development and utilisation of indigenous capabilities in technology and manufacturing as well as its upgradation to world standards. Government will ensure that the public sector is run on business lines as envisaged in the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 and would continue to innovate and lead in strategic areas of national importance. Intensive training. The State also commands the bulk of the nation's savings. Workers cooperatives will be encouraged to participate in packages designed to turn around sick companies. In the 1950s and 1960s. the principal instrument for controlling the commanding heights of the economy was investment in the capital of key industries. skill development and upgradation programmes will be launched. development of the capital markets and increasing competitiveness for the benefit of the common man. Government will endeavour to abolish the monopoly of any sector or any individual enterprise in any field of manufacture. bringing in new technology. dismantling of the regulatory system. Workers' participation in management will be promoted. Where State intervention is necessary. particularly fiscal and monetary instruments. 16. development of indigenous technology through investment in research and development. except on strategic or military considerations and open all manufacturing activity to competition. 12. The Government will ensure that the public sector plays its rightful role in the evolving socio-economic scenario of the country. 11. to increase exports and to expand the production base. enhance their welfare and equip them in all respects to deal with the inevitability of technological change. Government will continue to pursue a sound policy framework encompassing encouragement of entrepreneurship.
In order to achieve the objectives of the strategy for the industrial sector for the 1990s and beyond it is necessary to make a number of changes in the system of industrial approvals. All sector of industry whether small. In pursuit of the above objectives. A. 1951. those that would be permitted for development through private enterprise with or without State participation. belonging to the public. Major policy initiatives and procedural reforms are called for in order to actively encourage and assist Indian entrepreneurs to exploit and meet the emerging domestic and global opportunities and challenges. B. A full realisation of the industrial potential of the country calls for a continuation of this process of change. Over the years. The bedrock of any such package of measures must be to let the entrepreneurs make investment . Foreign Investment Foreign Technology Agreements. Government have decided to take a series of initiatives in respect of the policies relating to the following areas. 21. and those in which investment initiatives would ordinarily emanate from private entrepreneurs. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 identified the following three categories of industries: those that would be reserved for development in public sector. Industrial Licensing is governed by the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act. Public Sector Policy MRTP Act. Government's policy will be continuity with change.correct the distortions or weaknesses that may have crept in. 18. medium or large. E. The pursuit of these objectives will be tempered by the need to preserve the environment and ensure the efficient use of available resources. private or cooperative sector will be encouraged to grow and improve on their past performance. A. the policy has undergone modifications. D. A package for the Small and Tiny Sectors of industry is being announced separately. INDUSTRIAL LICENSING POLICY 20. keeping in view the changing industrial scene in the country. Industrial Licensing. 19. maintain a sustained growth in productivity and gainful employment and attain international competitiveness. C. Industrial licensing policy and procedures have also been liberalised from time to time.
The government will therefore welcome foreign investment which is in the interest of the country's industrial development. industrial licensing will henceforth be abolished for all industries. The exemption from licensing will be particularly helpful to the many dynamic small and medium entrepreneurs who have been unnecessarily hampered by the licensing system. 23.decisions on the basis of their own commercial judgement. In the above context. This calls for bold and imaginative decisions designed to remove restraints on capacity creation. In view of the significant development of India's industrial economy in the last 40 years. Foreign investment would bring attendant advantages of technology transfer. FOREIGN INVESTMENT 24. . This is particularly necessary in the changing global scenario of industrial and economic cooperation marked by mobility of capital. The industrial licensing system has been gradually moving away from the concept of capacity licensing. except those specified. While freeing Indian industry from official controls. opportunities for promoting foreign investments in India should also be fully exploited. B. These specified industries (Annex-II). The attainment of technological dynamism and international competitiveness requires that enterprises must be enabled to swiftly respond to fast changing external conditions that have become characteristic of today's industrial world. irrespective of levels of investment. size and level of sophistication achieved. Government policy and procedures must be geared to assisting entrepreneurs in their efforts. introduction of modern managerial techniques and new possibilities for promotion of exports. the general resilience. 22. The winds of change have been with us for some time. As a whole the Indian economy will benefit by becoming more competitive. the relationship between domestic and foreign industry needs to be much more dynamic than it has been in the past in terms of both technology and investment. manufacture of products of hazardous nature and articles of elitist consumption. more efficient and modern and will take its rightful place in the world of industrial progress. will continue to be subject to compulsory licensing for reasons related to security and strategic concerns. while at the same. problems related to safety and over-riding environmental issues. marketing expertise. Further impetus must be provided to these changes which alone can push this country towards the attainment of its entrepreneurial and industrial potential. This can be done only if the role played by the government were to be changed from that of only exercising control to one of providing help and guidance by making essential procedures fully transparent and by eliminating delays. The system of reservations for public sector undertakings has been evolving towards an ethos of greater flexibility and private sector enterprise has been gradually allowed to enter into many of these areas on a case by case basis. and the significant changes that have also taken place in the world industrial economy. social reasons. ensuring that over-riding national interests are not jeopardised.
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENT 27. The predictability and independence of action that this measure is providing to Indian industry will induce them to develop indigenous competence for the efficient absorption of foreign technology. Such a framework will make it attractive for companies abroad to invest in India. C. There is a great need for promoting an industrial environment where the acquisition of technological capability receives priority. often closely held. The Indian entrepreneur has now come of age so that he no longer needs such bureaucratic clearances of his commercial technology relationships with foreign technology suppliers. Similar facilities will be available for other industries as well if such agreements do not require the expenditure of free exchange. Government will encourage foreign trading companies to assist us in our export activities. This change will go a long way in making Indian policy on foreign investment transparent. With a view to injecting the desired level of technological dynamism in Indian industry. To the extent that expertise of this nature is not well developed so far in India. Attraction of substantial investment and access to high technology. it has been decided to provide approval for direct foreign investment upto 51% foreign equity in such industries. In order to invite foreign investment in high priority industries. Promotion of exports of Indian products calls for a systematic exploration of world markets possible only through intensive and highly professional marketing activities. involves interaction with some of the world's largest international manufacturing and marketing firms. Indian companies will be free to negotiate the terms of technology transfer with their foreign counterparts according to their own commercial judgement. This group of industries has generally been known as the "Appendix I Industries" and are areas in which FERA companies have already been allowed to invest on a discretionary basis. and provide the avenues for large investments in the development of industries and technology in the national interest. In the fast changing world of technology the relationship between the suppliers and users of technology must be a continuous one. Greater competitive pressure will also induce our industry to invest much more in research and . There shall be no bottlenecks of any kind in this process. and to world markets. Indian industry can scarcely be competitive with the rest of the world if it is to operate within such a regulatory environment. 26. Such a relationship becomes difficult to achieve when the approval process includes unnecessary governmental interference on a case to case basis involving endemic delays and fostering uncertainty. The Government will appoint a special board to negotiate with such firms so that we can engage in purposive negotiation with such large firms.25. Government will provide automatic approval for technology agreement related to high priority industries within specified parameters. 28. requiring large investments and advanced technology.
public ownership and control in critical sector of the economy has played an important role in preventing the concentration of economic power. 31. opened up new areas of technology and built up a reserve of technical competence in a number of areas. lack of continuous technological upgradation. Serious problems are observed in the insufficient growth in productivity.development and they have been doing in the past. Measures must be taken to make these enterprises more growth oriented and technically dynamic. public enterprises have shown a very low rate of return on the capital invested. reducing regional disparities and ensuring that planned development serves the common good. the hiring of foreign technicians and foreign testing of indigenously developed technologies. It is time therefore that the Government adopt a new approach to public enterprises. Today key sectors of the economy are dominated by mature public enterprises that have successfully expanded production. poor project management. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 gave the public sector a strategic role in the economy. The result is that many of the public enterprises have become a burden rather than being an asset to the Government. This category of public sector units accounts for almost one third of the total losses of central public enterprises. The public sector has been central to our philosophy of development. Massive investments have been made over the past four decades to build a public sector which has a commanding role in the economy. In the pursuit of our development objectives. which does not fit into the original idea of the public sector being at the commanding heights of the economy. over-manning. PUBLIC SECTOR POLICY 29. In addition. After the initial exuberance of the public sector entering new areas of industrial and technical competence. 32. and inadequate attention to R&D and human resource development. D. The original concept of the public sector has also undergone considerable dilution. . 30. will also not require prior clearance as prescribed so far. This has inhibited their ability to regenerate themselves in terms of new investments as well as in technology development. individually or as a part of industrial or investment approvals. The priority areas for growth of public enterprises in the future will be the following. Another category of public enterprises. There must be a greater commitment to the support of public enterprises which are essential for the operation of the industrial economy. is the plethora of public enterprises which are in the consumer goods and services sectors. In order to help this process. The most striking example is the take over of sick units from the private sector. a number of problems have begun to manifest themselves in many of the public enterprises. Units which may be faltering at present but are potentially viable must be restructured and given a new lease of life.
There are a large number of chronically sick public enterprises incurring heavy losses. The country must be proud of the public sector that it owns and it must operate in the public interest. Manufacture of products where strategic considerations predominate such as defence equipment. Such enterprises will be provided a much greater degree of management autonomy through the system of memoranda of understanding. Exploration and exploitation of oil and mineral resources. major amendments to the MRTP Act were carried out in 1982 and 1984 in order to remove impediments to industrial growth and expansion. With the emphasis placed on productivity in the Sixth Plan. ii. Prevention of concentration of economic power to the common detriment. 34. operating in a competitive market and serve little or no public purpose. Competition will also be induced in these areas by inviting private sector participation.y y y y Essential infrastructure goods and services. The principal objectives sought to be achieved through the MRTP Act are as follows: i. This process of change was given a new momentum in 1985 by an increase of threshold limit of assets. Government will review the existing portfolio of public investments with greater realism. control of monopolies. areas with low or nil social considerations or public purpose. These need to be attended to. The MRTP Act became effective in June 1970. 33. and Prohibition of monopolistic and restrictive and unfair trade practices. 36. At the same time the public sector will not be barred from entering areas not specifically reserved for it. In the case of selected enterprises. In view of these considerations. small scale and non-strategic areas. inefficient and unproductive areas. . Technology development and building of manufacturing capabilities in areas which are crucial in the long term development of the economy and where private sector investment is inadequate. This review will be in respect of industries based on low technology. and areas where the private sector has developed sufficient expertise and resources. E. part of Government holdings in the equity share capital of these enterprises will be disinvested in order to provide further market discipline to the performance of public enterprises. MONOPOLIES AND RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACT (MRTP ACT) 35. Government will strengthen those public enterprises which fall in the reserved areas of operation or are in high priority areas or are generating good or reasonable profits.
Instead.37. The pre-entry scrutiny of investment decisions by so called MRTP companies will no longer be required. i. . emphasis will be on controlling and regulating monopolistic. The newly empowered MRTP Commission will be encouraged to require investigation suo moto or on complaints received from individual consumers or classes of consumers. fiscal policy. 38. Industrial Licensing Policy Industrial licensing will be abolished for all projects except for a short list of industries related to security and strategic concerns. F. restrictive and unfair trade practices rather than making it necessary for the monopoly house to obtain prior approval of Central Government for expansion. In view of the considerations outlined above Government have decided to take a series of measures to unshackle the Indian industrial economy from the cobwebs of unnecessary bureaucratic control. the interference of the Government through the MRTP Act in investment decisions of large companies has become deleterious in its effects on Indian industrial growth. amalgamation. the provisions regarding restrictions on acquisition of and transfer of shares will be appropriately incorporated in the Companies Act. iii. and items of elitist consumption (list attached as Annex II). Areas where security and strategic concerns predominate. Simultaneously. Similarly. will continue to be reserved for the public sector (list attached as Annex I). Industries reserved for the small scale sector will continue to be so reserved. The MRTP Act will be restructured by eliminating the legal requirement for prior governmental approval for expansion of present undertakings and establishment of new undertakings. establishment of new undertakings. These measures complement the other series of measures being taken by Government in the areas of trade policy. exchange rate management. and takeover will also be repealed. merger. The thrust of policy will be more on controlling unfair or restrictive business practices. DECISIONS OF GOVERNMENT 39. amalgamation and takeover and appointment of certain directors. restrictive and unfair trade practices. hazardous chemicals and overriding environmental reasons. provisions of the MRTP Act will be strengthened in order to enable the MRTP Commission to take appropriate action in respect of the monopolistic. With the growing complexity of industrial structure and the need for achieving economies of scale for ensuring high productivity and competitive advantage in the international market. social reasons. The provisions relating to merger. In projects where imported capital goods are required. financial sector reform and overall macro economic management. A. automatic clearance will be given ii.
1992. In locations other than cities of more than 1 million population. In other cases. vii. imports of capital goods will require clearance from the Secretariat for Industrial Approvals (SIA) in the Department of Industrial Development according to availability of foreign exchange resources. if the CIF value of imported capital goods required is less than 25% of total value (net of taxes) of plant and equipment. v.e. In view of the current difficult foreign exchange situation. viii. The exemption from licensing will apply to all substantial expansions of existing units. Exempted Industries Registration. All existing registration schemes (Delicensed Registration. 2 crore. . Existing projects with such programmes will continue to be governed by them. The system of phased manufacturing programmes run on an administrative case by case basis will be applicable to new projects. In respect of cities with population greater than 1 million. vi. industries other than those of a non polluting nature such as electronics. Existing units will be provided a new broad banding facility to enable them to produce any article without additional investment. The mandatory convertibility clause will no longer be applicable for term loans from the financial institutions for new projects. computer software and printing will be located outside 25 kms. (iii) b) will come into force from April.a. DGTD registration) will be abolished. except in prior designated industrial areas. Zoning and Land Use Regulation and Environmental Legislation will continue to regulate industrial locations. A flexible location policy would be adopted in respect of such cities (with population greater than 1 million) which require industrial re-generation. of the periphery. Procedural consequences ix. upto a maximum value of Rs. Appropriate incentives and the design of investments in infrastructure development will be used to promote the dispersal of industry particularly to rural and backward areas and to reduce congestion in cities. this scheme (i. there will be no requirement of obtaining industrial approvals from the Central Government except for industries subject to compulsory licensing. in cases where foreign exchange availability is ensured through foreign equity or b. iv.
While the import of components. Entrepreneurs will henceforth only be required to file an information memorandum on new projects and substantial expansions. ii. There shall be no bottlenecks of any kind in this process. Automatic permission will be given for foreign technology agreements in high priority industries (Annex III) upto a lumpsum payment of Rs. and payment of knowhow fees and royalties will be governed by the general policy applicable to other domestic units. The investment programmes of such firms would be considered in totality. To provide access to international markets. the payment of dividends would be monitored through the Reserve Bank of India so as to ensure that outflows on account of dividend payments are balanced by export earnings over a period of time. Such clearance will be available if foreign equity covers the foreign exchange requirement for imported capital goods. Other foreign equity proposals. A special Empowered Board would be constituted to negotiate with a number of large international firms and approve direct foreign investment in select areas. 5% royalty for domestic sales and 8% for exports. Foreign Technology Agreements i. raw materials and intermediate goods. The lists at Annex II and Annex III will be notified in the Indian Trade Classification (Harmonised System). C. v. xi. will continue to need prior clearance. . Consequential amendments to the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (1973) shall be carried out.x. majority foreign equity holding upto 51% equity will be allowed for trading companies primarily engaged in export activities. The prescribed royalty rates are net of taxes and will be calculated according to standard procedures. Approval will be given for direct foreign investment upto 51 percent foreign equity in high priority industries (Annex III). Foreign Investment i. B. including proposals involving 51% foreign equity which do not meet the criteria under (I) above. iii. free from pre-determined parameters or procedures. Foreign equity proposals need not necessarily be accompanied by foreign technology agreements. such trading houses shall be at par with domestic trading and export houses in accordance with the Import Export Policy. iv. 1 crore. While the thrust would be on export activities. This would be a special programme to attract substantial investment that would provide access to high technology and world markets. subject to total payment of 8% of sales over a 10 year period from date of agreement or 7 years from commencement of production.
expansion of undertakings. this would also help place matters on day to day operations of public enterprises in their correct perspective. iv. Portfolio of public sector investments will be reviewed with a view to focus the public sector on strategic. Similarly the public sector will also be allowed entry in areas not reserved for it. . E. There will be a greater thrust on performance improvement through the Memoranda of understanding (MOU) systems through which managements would be granted greater autonomy and will be held accountable. general public and workers. iv. foreign testing of indigenously developed technologies. Whereas some reservation for the public sector is being retained there would be no bar for areas of exclusivity to be opened up to the private sector selectively. amalgamation and takeover and appointment of Directors under certain circumstances. In order to raise resources and encourage wider public participation. high-tech and essential infrastructure. While focussing on major management issues. Boards of public sector companies would be made more professional and given greater powers. A social security mechanism will be created to protect the interests of workers likely to be affected by such rehabilitation packages. This eliminates the requirement of prior approval of Central Government for establishment of new undertakings. financial institutions. No permission will be necessary for hiring of foreign technicians. iii. v. ii. MRTP Act The MRTP Act will be amended to remove the threshold limits of assets in respect of MRTP companies and dominant undertakings. i. D. In respect of industries other than those in Annex III. Technical expertise on the part of the Government would be upgraded to make the MOU negotiations and implementation more effective. Public Sector i. Payment may be made from blanket permits or free foreign exchange according to RBI guidelines. a part of the government's shareholding in the public sector would be offered to mutual funds. To facilitate a fuller discussion on performance. be referred to the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR).ii. or other similar high level institutions created for the purpose. automatic permission will be given subject to the same guidelines as above if no free foreign exchange is required for any payments. for the formulation of revival/rehabilitation schemes. Public enterprises which are chronically sick and which are unlikely to be turned around will. iii. All other proposals will need specific approval under the general procedures in force. vi. the MOU signed between Government and the public enterprise would be placed in Parliament. merger.
Coal and lignite. tin. Sugar. 4. 3. 5. chrome ore. manganese ore. 2. molybdenum and wolfram. Emphasis will be placed on controlling and regulating monopolistic.ii. ANNEX I PROPOSED LIST OF INDUSTRIES TO BE RESERVED FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR 1. gypsum. . Defence aircraft and warships. restrictive and unfair trade practices. the newly empowered MRTP Commission will be authorised to initiative investigations suo moto or on complaints received from individual consumers or classes of consumers in regard to monopolistic. iii. Necessary comprehensive amendments will be made in the MRTP Act in this regard and for enabling the MRTP Commission to exercise punitive and compensatory powers. Mining if iron ore. 8. Minerals specified in the Schedule to the Atomic Energy (Control of Production and Use) Order. Atomic Energy. gold and diamond. Petroleum (other than crude) and its distillation products. sulphur. Cigars and cigarettes of tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes. Mining of copper. Mineral oils. 3. Distillation and brewing of alcoholic drinks. 6. Animal fats and oils. Arms and ammunition and allied items of defence equipment. Simultaneously. lead. ANNEX II LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN RESPECT OF WHICH INDUSTRIAL LICENSING WILL BE COMPULSORY 1. Railway transport. restrictive and unfair trade practices. 6. 7. zinc. 1953. 4. Coal and Lignite. 2. 5.
vi. Tape Recorders). colour TVs. chamois leather and patent leather. C. decorative veneers. and other wood based products such as particle board. nitrocellulose and matches. Asbestos and asbestos-based products. All types. ANNEX III LIST OF INDUSTRIES FOR AUTOMATIC APPROVAL OF FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENTS AND FOR 51% FOREIGN EQUITY APPROVALS 1. safety fuse. iii. 14. ii. Drugs and Pharmaceuticals (according to Drug Policy). Airconditioners). including detonating fuse. Castings and forgings. Pig iron. Metallurgical Industries Ferro alloys. 9. Electronic aerospace and defence equipment. Hazardous chemicals. Large diameter steel welded pipes of over 300 mm diameter and stainless steel pipes. Domestic Dishwashing machines. 10.D. Tanned or dressed furskins. 17. leather. medium density fibre board. Boilers and Steam Generating Plants Prime Movers (other than electrical generators) . Entertainment electronics (VCRs. block board. Sponge iron and pelletisation. 11. Plywood. 8. Note: The compulsory licensing provisions would not apply in respect of the small-scale units taking up the manufacture of any of the above items reserved for exclusive manufacture in small scale sector. 3. 18. Motor cars. 15. Non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Paper and Newsprint except bagasse-based units. v. Raw hides and skins. 12. iv. i. 16. gun powder. Microwave ovens. Programmable Domestic Washing Machines. White Goods (Domestic Refrigerators. Players.7. Industrial explosives. 2. 13.
(b) (c) Automotive two wheelers and three wheelers. iii. Ship ancillaries. iv. Energy efficient lamps and Midget carbon electrodes. Alternate energy systems like solar wind etc. Optic fibre. Electrical Equipment Equipment for transmission and distribution of electricity including power and distribution transformers. power relays. Internal combustion engines. 4. industrial furnaces and induction heating equipment. Jigs. i. Automotive components/spares and ancillaries. Electrical motors. Hydro/steam/gas generators/generating sets upto 60 MW. Component wires for manufacture of lead-in wires. ii. x. Transportation Mechanised sailing vessels upto 10. viii. and cross land tooling. v. iii. xii. v. Gas/hydro/steam turbines upto 60 MW. (a) Commercial vehicles. HT-switch gear synchronous condensers. fixtures. Machine tools and industrial robots and their controls and ii. ii. iii. Electrical furnaces.000 DWT including fishing trawlers. public transport vehicles including automotive commercial three wheeler jeep type vehicles. Industrial Machinery Industrial machinery and equipment. vi. Jelly-filled telecommunication cables.i. and . ix. iv. X-ray equipment. and equipment therefor. components including subscribers' end telecommunication equipments. Industrial turbines. tools and dies of specilised types 7. Shock absorbers for railway equipment and Brake system for railway stock and locomotives. 5. Electronic equipment. ii. xi. vii. i. 6. Generating sets and pumping sets based on internal combustion engines. accessories. iv. i. industrial locomotives. i.
Tractors. Engineering production aids such as cutting and forming tools. d. Self-propelled Harvestor Combines. c. Organic fine chemicals. fungicides. Polyols. viii. Synthetic detergents Miscellaneous chemicals (for industrial use only) Catalysts and catalyst supports. Photographic chemicals. i. ix. 11. 13. Speciality chemicals for enhanced oil recovery. etc. i. patterns and dies and tools. ii. Inorganic fertilizers under '18-Fertilizers' in the First Schedule to IDR Act. Indicating. Chemicals (other than fertilizers). Industrial Instruments i. g. 8. weedicides. 9. 1951. Scientific and Electromedical Instruments and Laboratory Equipment. Heating fluids. vii.iii. 12. iii. Man made fibres. urethanes. Rubber chemicals. . Agricultural Machinery i. f. iv. recording and regulating devices for pressures. iii. Industrial explosives. Isocyanates. Synthetic resins and plastics. e. rate of flow weights levels and the like. temperatures. Heavy organic chemicals including petrochemicals. a. and the like. Rice transplanters. Synthetic rubber. x. 10. b. Nitrogenous & Phosphatic Fertilizers falling under i. Heavy inorganic chemicals. vi. Technical grade insecticides. ii. v. Earth Moving Machinery Earth moving machinery and construction machinery and components thereof.
carbondioxide etc. iii. 17. Gypsum boards. 16. insulators. ii. Industrial laminates. wall boards and the like. i.in large volumes.T. Automobile tyres and tubes. Plate Glass Glass shells for television tubes. o. Tonnage plants for the manufacture of industrial gases. ii. i. Rubber reinforced and lined fire fighting hose pipes. j. i. High altitude breathing oxygen/medical oxygen. Rubberised heavy duty industrial beltings of all types. Float glass and plate glass. iii. n. 15. Glass fibres of all types. i. Portland cement. Paper and pulp including paper products. Ceramics for industrial uses. H. Engineering and industrial plastic products. iv. Alkali/acid resisting cement compound Leather chemicals and auxiliaries. iv. Refrigerant gases like liquid nitrogen. vi. ii. 18. High pressure braided hoses. Ceramics i. 19. Rubberised conveyor beltings. Drugs and Pharmaceuticals According to Drug Policy. ii.h. . Cement Products i. v. 14. Coal tar distillation and product therefrom. k. m. l. Argon and other rare gases. Nitrous oxide.
20. iv. i. Soya protein concentrates. ii. Extraction and Upgrading of Minor Oils 29. iv. Pheromones. Soya texture proteins. Welding Electrodes other than those for Welding Mild Steel 26. Printing Machinery. iii. Soya Products i. 28. Bio-insecticides. Industrial Synthetic Diamonds. Pretensioned High Pressure RCC Pipes. Winterised and deodourised refined soyabean oil. High speed rotograture printing machines having output of 30. 27. Web-fed high speed off-set rotary printing machine having output of 30. 30. . ii. Graphite electrodes and anodes.000 or more impressions per hour. Carbon and Carbon Products i. ii. Other specialised products of soyabean. Rubber Machinery 24. ii. Impervious graphite blocks and sheets. Multi-colour sheet-fed off-set printing machines of sizes 18"x25" and above. High Technology Reproduction and Multiplication Equipment. Photo composing/type setting machines. Pre-fabricated Building Material. Soya protein isolates. iii. v. iv. 25. 23. Genetically modified free living symbiotics nitrogen fixer. i. Photosynthesis improvers. iii. 21. 22.000 or more impressions per hour.
. and flour. All items of packaging for food processing industries excluding the items reserved for small scale sector. (a) Certified high yielding hybrid seeds and synthetic seeds and (b) Certified high yielding plantlets developed through plant tissue culture. malted foods. All food processing industries other than milk food. Hotels and tourism-related industry. 32. 34. but excluding the items reserved for small-scale sector. 33.31.

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