CELEX: 51978PC0363
Language: en
Date: 1978-07-26
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the methods of measurement and frequencies of sampling and analysis of the parameters of the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the Member States (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

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COM (78) 363
Vol. 1978/0137
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 ---pagebreak---  COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                     COM(78)363 final
                                                    Brussels , 26 July 1978
                                Proposal for a
                               COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
      on the methods of measurement and frequencies of sampling and
           analysis of the parameters of the quality required of
           surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking
                          water in the Member States
                ( submitted to the Council by the Commission)
                                               !
COM(78 ) 363 final
 ---pagebreak--- I. REASONS
Introduction
This proposal for a directive is for the implementation of Article 5 ( 2) of
Council Directive 75/440/EEC of 16 June 1975 concerning the quality required
of surface wa|er intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the
Member States , .
Title II , Chapter A and paragraph 35 of the European Communities' Environ­
ment Programme 1977-1981 states that the Commission will implement those
measures for which it is responsible and which are provided for in the
directives adopted by the Council . These measures include , inter alia, the
submission of a draft directive on methods of measurement and the frequency
of sampling and analysis for the parameters in Directive 75/440/EEC .
II . AIM
The aim of this proposal for a directive is to fix :
- standard methods of measuring the parameters for controlling the quality
   of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water ;
- the frequency of sampling and analysis for each parameter ( in order to
   ensure that quality control in undoubtedly effective , a minimum regular
   sampling frequency has been laid down for surface waters , taking into
  account the statistical reliability of the data) .
In view of the objectives laid down in Article 5(2) of Directive 75/440/
EEC , several criteria have to be taken into account when deciding the
frequency of sampling, particularly the volume of water abstracted , the
size of the population served, the degree of risk due to the quality of
the water and seasonal variations in quality .
The sampling frequency decided on in this proposal also takes into account
the cost of taking samples and analysing them .
III . EXISTING CONDITIONS AND REGULATIONS
Federal Republic of Germany
Germany has uniform standards , laid down by the Association of German
Chemists , for analysing water , effluent and sludge ( Deutsche Einheitsver-
fahren zur Wasser-Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung – standard German
method for analysing water , effluent and sludge ) . These standards are not
   0J L 194 of 25 July 1975
   0J C 139 of 13 May 1977
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 2 -
mantatory but are usually applied . The establishment of mandatory methods
of measurement , sampling frequencies and methods of analysis is the res­
ponsibility of the Lander . Under the authorization issued to works abstract­
ing untreated water for providing drinking water , the LSnder may prescribe
methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis for the
parameters .
Belgium
There are no laws or regulations imposing standard methods of measurement
or sampling intervals . These vary between measuring and monitoring stations .
The Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ministry for Public
Health and the Family does , however , recommend the application of certain
methods but these are not binding .
Denmark
The Danish Standards Council which is responsible to the Ministry of Trade
recommends the use of methods of measuring and analysing water parameters .
Although these are merely indicative , they are used throughout the country
but are mandatory only where specific decisions make them so .
Most of the standards have been brought into line with those of the neigh-
gouring Scandinavian States - Norway , Sweden and Finland . The standards
are regularly updated and adjusted to technical progress .
France
Article 3 of the Law of 16 December 1964 , covering the regulation and al­
location of water as well as measures to control water pollution , provides
for a national survey of pollution of surface waters . It also states that
the technical specifications and the physical , chemical , biological and
bacteriological criteria which must be met by water courses , sections of
water courses , canals , lakes and ponds , particularly where these are used
to provide drinking water for the local population , shall be fixed by
decree .
A Decree of 10 January 1969 therefore fixed a procedure for the survey .
Two orders , of 2 September. 1969 and 26 November 1975 » set out the procedure ,
particularly rules such as the intervals at which measurements are to be
made and a list of the various methods of analysis , to be observed in
sampling and analysis .
Ireland
Article 22 of the 1977 Act on local authority powers to combat water pollu­
tion states that it is for the local authority , together with the health
authorities , to implement the water surveillance policy . For this purpose
the local authorities must fix rules for the sampling , measuring and
analysis methods to be applied at points where water is discharged and to
receiving waters .
 ---pagebreak---                              - 3 -
The Act gives the local authority the power to gather all relevant infor­
mation and provides the necessary equipment and apparatus . Measuring
methods and sampling intervals therefore depend on the counties .
Law N° 319 of 14 May 1976 concerning the protection of waters against
pollution provides for a national survey of the quality of all waters ,
whether surface or underground , and the use to which they are put , parti­
cularly drinking water .
The Law states that general criteria and methods for determining the
characteristics of the waters shall be fixed "by the State . A decision of
the Ministry of Public Works dated 21 February 1977 therefore fixed the
sampling intervals and the parameters to be measured for each category
of water . The decision also specified methods of measurement , referring
in most cases to the handbook of the national research council 's institute
of water research ( IRSA).
Luxembourg
There are no regulations imposing measuring methods or sampling intervals .
In general the laboratories work to American or German standards . The
intervals at which analyses axe carried out depend on need . Water intended
for providing drinking water is analysed fairly frequently but at inter­
vals which vary according to laboratory and circumstances .
Netherlands
Standardization was initiated by the national water institute which , since
1973 , has been publishing quarterly reviews on the quality of national
waters intended for the use of local communities . Measuring methods , fre­
quency of sampling and analysis for the parameters are therefore standard­
ized and regulated by the various national institutes responsible for
water surveillance , including the national institute for drinking water
supplies .
United Kingdom
The committee of analysts who form the Department of the Environment 's
National Water Council have issued a Government publication on the analysis
of untreated , drinking and waste water which recommends certain methods
of analysis .
The text   has been revised to include information on accuracy , precision
and limits of detection .
These recommendations are followed throughout the United Kingdom although
they are in no way mandatory .
                                 O
                               O    0
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 4 -
Taking into account the legal situation in the various Member States and
the fact that the Treaty does not provide the powers required for the
purposes concerned , it will be necessary to use both Article 100 and
Article 235 as a legal basis for this proposal for a directive .
Because of the provisions of these Articles , the Opinions of the European
Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee will be required .
IV . REMARKS ON THE FORMULATION OP THE PROPOSAL FOR A DIRECTIVE
IV.l General
Pursuant to Article 5 ( 2 ) of Council Directive 75/440/EEC , the Commission
convened a working party of national experts to assist it in drawing up
the technical part of this proposal for a directive .
The working party met four times and provided technical information on the
methods of measurement used in the Member States as well as the work done
by international organizations such as the International Standards
Organization ( ISO ) and the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemi st ry ( I UPAC ) .
The working party assisted the Commission in establishing the limit of
detection , the precision and the accuracy of the methods of measurement
used and in fixing the frequency of sampling and analysis for each
parameter .
IV . 2 Scope
This proposal for a directive covers all surface waters coming under
Directive 75/440/EEC .
It concerns :
- the standard measuring methods , including the limit of detection , the
  precision and accuracy for the G and I values of parameters considered
  in Annex II to Directive 75/440/EEC ;
- the frequency of sampling and analysis for each parameter listed in that
  Annex .
IV . 3 Methods of measurement
Directive 75/440/ EEC divides surface waters into three categories ( A^jAg
and A ,) for which mandatory and/or guide values , corresponding to the
different qualities of the waters , have been fixed .
Because the standard methods are expensive and because of the fairly
stringent constraints on the determination of I and/or G values of
Category A^ waters , it has been found necessary to propose two methods of
measuring       for certain parameters .
 ---pagebreak---                                - 5 -
With   Category A^ he
the values to
                   and A, waters , such constraints are not essential when
                          determined are less strict .
The standard measurement methods , the limit of detection, precision and
accuracy axe given in Annex I to this proposal for a directive . The Member
States are free to choose other methods , provided that the limit of
detection, precision and accuracy of the method used conform to the values
given in Annex I to this proposal for a Directive .
Sampling and methods of measurement are intended to provide a result which
is a correct estimate of the actual average quality of the surface water
analysed . The various operations required to obtain this result could
introduce errors which must be detected so that they can be eliminated or
reduced .
Because there is a risk of substantially modifying values during transport
or if samples axe carried or kept in containers for a fairly long time
( e.g. temperature and pH) , Article 3 of this proposal for a directive sets
out the conditions to be met when measuring certain parameters .
IV . 4 . Sampling
The conditions t'O be met in sampling are set out in Article 4 of this
proposal for a directive .
The greatest care should be taken in sampling surface waters since this
should be regarded as a preliminary stage of analysis .
Sampling methods must ensure reproducibility of the conditions in which
the measurements are made and should be representative of the conditions
in the surrounding environment . Article 4 ( 3) therefore sets out general
rules for sampling .
One exception has been made with regard to the sampling of dissolved or
emulsified hydrocarbons , these being sampled at the surface .
IV . 5 « Conservation and transport of samples
As indicated in Article 5 » "the type of container and packaging must not
influence the analysis results .
Samples should be sufficiently large for the measurements required to be
made under the best possible conditions for reproducibility .
By their very nature , surface waters are susceptible to fairly rapid
changes resulting from the action of the various organisms which they
contain. The possibility of changes occurring between the moment of
sampling and of analysis should therefore be minimized by carrying out
analysis as quickly as possible .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 6 -
Many experiments have been made with the aim of recommending methods of
keeping water samples without altering their composition . However , it is
impossible to set hard and fast rules which would cover all cases and
situations without exception .
The substances to be measured may be stabilized by adding chemicals to
the sample directly after it has been taken or , preferably , but first
putting the chemicals in the empty container .
Preservatives should preferably be in the form of fairly concentrated
solutions so that only small volumes need be used with the result that in
most cases the resulting dilution can be disregarded .
Samples required for determining parameters are transported to a laboratory
for the purpose of being examined there as soon as possible . If immediate
analysis is not possible , the samples should be preserved in conditions
which avoid any contamination from outside the receptacles and prevent
any changes in the contents .
IV . 6 . Sampling frecrue ncy
"Sampling frequency" means the number of surface water samples to be
taken and analyses made per year . Sampling should be done in accordance
with Article 5 ( 4 ) of Directive 75/440/EEC , namely at the point of
abstraction .
After having consulted national experts , the Commission proposes that the
frequency of sampling and analysing each parameter should be fixed every
year by the Member States in accordance with Annex II to this proposal
for a directive .
The frequency should take account of the population served and the amount
of water abstracted .
Where the quality of surface water intended for the production of drinking
water is considerably above that required , the Member State concerned may
reduce the frequency of sampling and analysis after consulting the
Commission . Member States should therefore forward the results of the
survey mentioned below to the Commission and inform it of the sampling
frequencies they propose to adopt .
                                O       O
 ---pagebreak---                   Proposal for a Council Directive on the
      methods of measurement and frequencies of sampling and analysis
                of the parameters of the quality required of
    surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the
                                 Member States
THE COUNCIL OP THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
HAVING REGARD to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community ,
and in particular Articles 100 and 235 thereof ,
HAVING REGARD to the proposal from the Commission,
HAVING REGARD to the Opinion of the European Parliament ,
HAVING REGARD to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ,
WHEREAS the programmes of action of the European Communities on the
environment ( l ) provide for the joint establishment , harmonization and
standardization of methods of measurement and analysis of pollutants for
determining how pollution evolves in the medium under consideration ;
WHEREAS Article 5(2 ) of Directive 75/440/EEC of 16 June 1975 concerning the
quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking
water in the Member States (2 ) and the eighth recital thereof refer to a
Directive laying down the methods of sampling and analysing the parameters
defining the physical , chemical and microbiological characteristics of
 surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water ;
WHEREAS any disparity between the provisions already applicable or in
preparation in the various Member States concerning methods of measure­
ment and the frequency of sampling and analysis for each parameter to deter­
mine the quality of surface waters may create unequal conditions of compet­
 ition and consequently directly affect the functioning of the common market ;
whereas it is therefore necessary to approximate the laws in this field
 under Article 100 of the Treaty t
 1 ) O.J. C.112 of 20.12.1973 and C.139 of 13.6.1977
 2) O.J. L.194 of 25.7.1975
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 2 -
      WHEREAS it seems necessary for this approximation of laws to be accompanied
      "by Community action designed, to achieve through more comprehensive legis­
       lation one of the objectives of the Community in the sphere of protection
       of the environment and improvement of the quality of life ; whereas certain
                      \  ' t: ' °k'     iU'' \      • ■ *■ • > <** .1 . '    ..») • «
• r- ^specific.tp.royisions«ito thi^ effect should' therefore be laid down ; whereas
                   * -              • I                         \
       Article 235      the Treaty should be invoked , as the powers required for
       this purpose have not been provided by the Treaty ;
      WHEREAS in the analyses carried out in the Member States it will be
      necessary to employ common standard methods to determine the values of the
      parameters defining the physical , chemical and microbiological characteris­
      tics of surface waters intended for the abstraction of drinking water ;
      WHEREAS for the purpose of ensuring the required quality control it will
      be necessary to take a regular minimum number of samples of surface water
      in order that the parameters specified in Annex II of Directive 75/440/EEC
      may be measured ;
      WHEREAS the minimum fre piency of sampling and analysis for each parameter
      should increase with the volume of water abstracted and the population
      served ; whereas the frequency should also increase with the degree of
      risk engendered by the quality of the waters ;
      WHEREAS technical progress calls for the speedy adjustment of the require­
      ments defined in Annex I to this Directive and it will therefore be
      necessary , for the purpose of facilitating implementation of the measures
      required for this purpose , to make provision for a procedure for close
      cooperation between the Member States and the Commission meeting in the
      Committee on the Adaptation of the Directives to Technical Progress
      established by Council Directive 76/160/EEC of 8 December 1975 concerning
      the quality of bathing water ( l ),
      HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE . :
      ( 1 ) O.J. L.31 of 5.2.1976
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 3 _
                               Article 1
This Directive concerns standard methods of measurement and frequencies
of sampling and analysis for the parameters listed in Annex II to
Directive 75/440/EEC.
                             »     ι ■
                               Article 2
For the purposes of this Directive :
- " standard measuring method" means a succinct description of the
   procedure for determining the value of the parameters listed in the
   Annex hereto ;
- " limit of detection" means the minimum value of the parameter examined
   which it is possible to detect "by any method ;
- "accuracy" means the difference between the true value of the
   parameter examined and the experimental value obtained by any method ;
- "precision" means the difference , within a series of measurements made
   on a single sample , between each of the results obtained and the
   average value of those results ;
- "frequency of sampling and analysis " means the number of surface water
   samples and analyses to be taken or made each year for the purpose of
   determining the physical , chemical and microbiological characteristics
   of surface waters intended for the abstraction of drinking water.
                               Article 3
1 . The standard methods of measurement , their limits of detection, preci­
    sion and accuracy are set out in Annex I to this Directive ,
2 . Analysis of samples of surface water taken for the purpose of deter­
    mining the I and/or G values of the parameters set out in Directive
    75/440 /EEC shall be carried out in accordance with the values of limit
    of detection, precision and accuracy set out in Annex !•
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 4 -
3 . The Member States shall take all necessary steps to ensure that
    laboratories using methods of measurement other than those set out in
    Annex I observe in respeot of each parameter the values of limit of
    detection , precision and accuracy set out in that Annex .
4 . The water temperature and the pH value shall be determined in situ at
    the point of abstraction prior to despatch for purification treatment .
                                Article 4
1 . The frequencies of sampling and analysis for each parameter are set out
    in Annex II to this Directive .
2 . As required by Article 5(4 ) of Directive 75/440/EEC , surface waters
    shall be sampled at each point of abstraction .
3 . Each surface water sample from the point of abstraction shall be taken
    not less than 50 cm below the surface of the water and at least 50cm
    above the bottom . Where these requirements cannot be met the samples
    shall be taken halfway between the surface and the bottom . Sampling
    shall avoid any degradation in environmental conditions and be
    representative of water quality at the point of sampling .
4 . Samples taken for the purpose of determining dissolved or emulsified
    hydrocarbons shall be taken at the surface .
5 . Surface water samples for the purpose of determining the physical ,
    chemical or microbiological characteristics shown in the G columns of
    Annex II to Directive 75/440/EEC may be taken on the same dates as
    samples for the purpose of determining the values given in the I
    columns of the same annex .
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 5 -
                               Article 5
1 . To preserve the quality of the sample taken, the Member States shall
    make every endeavour to ensure that containers .of the type described in
    Annex I are used .
2 . Laboratories in the Member States using preservatives to conserve
    surface water samples shall ensure that they do not modify the chemical
    properties of the water or interfere with the process of analysis .
3 . Samples shall be conveyed from the point of abstraction to the
    analysing laboratory as quickly as possible , in darkness and at a
    temperature calculated to preserve the chemical , physical and micro­
    biological characteristics of the water .
                               Article 6
1 . The competent authorities of the Member States shall each year fix
    frequencies of sampling and analysis for each parameter at each point
    of abstraction in accordance with Annex II to this Directive .
2 . For the purposes of determining the values of the parameters given in
    the I and/or G columns of Annex II to Directive 75/440/EEC , the
    frequencies of sampling and analysis shall be not less than the minimum
    frequencies given in Annex II to this Directive .
                               Article 7
Where a survey by the competent authorities shows that surface waters
intended for the abstraction of drinking water are of considerably higher
quality than that indicated in column A^ of Annex II to Directive 75/440/
EEC , and where there is no risk of this quality deteriorating the
Member State concerned may , after obtaining the consent of the Commission ,
reduce the frequency of sampling and analysis.
For this purpose the Member States shall send the Commission the results
of the survey and inform it of the frequency which they intend
to adopt ; the Commission may make its consent subject to certain
conditions , chiefly as regards the period of validity of this derogation.
Should the danger of a deterioration in the quality of the waters
concerned arise the Member States concerned shall take appropriate
measures .
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 6 -
                               Article 8
1 . For the purposes of applying this Directive , the Member States shall
    provide the Commission with all       relevant information on :
        - the methods of sampling used :
        - the list of parameters measured with preservatives present .
2 . Within a' period not exceeding four years', the Commission shall draw up
    a consolidated report based on the information gathered pursuant to this
    Article .
3 . The Commission shall assess the effectiveness of the methods of sampling
    used and the presence of preservatives when parameters are measured and ,
    if appropriate , shall present proposals to the Council for improving
    the methods of measuring the parameters listed in Annex II to
    Directive 75/440/EEC .
                               Article 9
Amendments required to adapt to technical progress :
- the standard methods of measurement set out in Annex I to this Directive :
   and
- the limit of detection , accuracy and precision of the methods ,
shall be decided by the Committee established under Article 10 of
Directive 76/160 /EEC and in accordance with the procedure set out in
Article 11 of that Directive .
                               Article 10
1 . Directive 75/ 440/EEC is hereby amended as follows :
   (a)Article 5(2 ) is deleted ;
   (b)in Article 5(3 ) the words "referred to in paragraph 2" shall be
      replaced by the words "of the parameters of water quality in question".
2 . Paragraph 1 shall take effect within two years of the notification of
    this Directive .
 ---pagebreak---                                - 7 -
                              Article 11
The Member States shall "bring into force the laws , regulations and
administrative provisions needed in order to comply with this Directive
within two years of its notification * They shall forthwith inform the
Commission thereof .
                              Article 12
This Directive is addressed to the Member States .
                                  Done at
                                  The
                                    Por the Council
                                      The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                            - 8 -
                                                        ANNEX        Z
                      STANDARD METHODS 07 MEASURING THE I AND/OR 0 VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS IN
                                                COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 75/440/EEC
(A               (B)                 ( C) •   '   ( D)          ( E)                             (F)                          ( 0)
                                                                                                                            Type of
            PARAMETER            Liait of     Précision      Accuracy          Standard Methods of Measuring               container
                                   détection    +             +   -
                                                                                                                            to be
                                                                                                                             used
 1 pH                 pH unit                        0.1         0.2       - Eleotrometry
                                                                             Measured in situ at the tine of sampling
                      mg/l
   Coloration ( after                               10%         20%        - Photometric method using the platinum-
 2 simple filtration) Pt aoale                                               cobalt scale
                                                                                                                            ulass
                                                                             Prior to measuring, filter through a
                                                                             glass fibre membrane
   Total                                                                   - Filtering through a 0.45 yum filter membran \
 3 Suspended solids   mg/l SS                        %          10%          or centrifuging ( for at least 5 mins.with
                                                                             mean acceleration of 2800-3200 g)              Glass
                                                                           - Dry at 105 # C and weigh
 ---pagebreak---                                             -9-
ΓαΓ              ( Β)               C  ( D)      ( E)                        ( F)                     ( 0)
 4  Temperature                          0.5 #C  1°C  - Thermometry
                                                        Measured in situ at the time of sampling
                                                                                                   I
 5  Conductivity       .us/cm"          %       10%   - Electrometry                               Plastic
                      ' k 20°C
                                                        Temperature-corrected                         or
                                                                                                   glass
                       (Dilution                      - By successive dilutions
 6  Odour               factor at                       Measurement at 25 °C                       Glass
                         25 # c;
                                                      - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry {
                                                        may or nay not habe teen preceded by       Plastio
 7  Nitrates            mg/l NO.  1    10%      20%
                                                        reduction of nitrates into     nitrites       or
                                                                                                     glass
                                                      – Spécifie electrodes
                                                      – Mol ecul ar absorpt ion spectrophot ometry
                                                        after distillation
 8  Fluorides           mg/l p    0.05 10%      20%                                                plastic
                                                      - Spécifie electrodes
 ---pagebreak---                                                    - 10 -
  A)                ( Β)            (C         (D         ( E)                        ( Ρ) .               (0
      –
9    Total extractable
     organic             mg/l  Cl
     ohlorine
                                                               - Atomic absolution spectrometry after
                                                                 filtering the sample through a 0.45 /um
10   Dissolved iron      mg/1  Pe   0.02       10%        20%
                                                                 filter membrane                     '
                                                                                                         Glus
                                                               - Molecular absorption spectrometry after
                                                                 filtering the sample throug a 0.45 /um
                                                                 filter membrane                   '
                                    0.01(2)    10%        20%  - Atomic absorption spectrometry
11   Manganese           mg/l Mn                                                                         Glass
                                    0.02(3 )                   - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
                                    0.005      10%        20%  - Atomic absorption spectrometry
12   Copper              mg/l Cu                                                                         Glass ■
                                    0.02 ( 4)                  - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
                                  1
                                    0.02 ( 2 ) 10%        20%  - Atomic absorption spectrometry
13   Zinc                mg/l Zn                                                                         Glass
                                  I
                                    0.01                       - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 11 -
 ( A)           (Β          C    D         ( E)                     (Ρ)                     G)
14    Boron        mg/l Β  0.05 10%          20% - Atomlo absorption spectrometry         Plastio
                                                 - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
15    Béryllium    mg/l Be
16    Cobalt       mg/l Co
17    Nickel       mg/l Ni
18    vanadium     mg/l V
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 12 -
l3j           ta         £2)         _ia                                     CF)                       ( 0)_
 19  Arsenic     mg/l As 0.002 ( 2)   10%        20%     - Atomic absorption spectrometry          Glass
                         0.01 ( 5 )                      - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
 20  Cadmium     mg/l Cd 0.0002       15%        3o%     • Atomic absorption spectrometry
                                                                                                  glass
                         0,001 ( 5 )
                                  /
 21  Total       mg/l Cr 0.01         m          ?0%     • Atomio absorption spectrometry .
     chromium                                            - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
                                                                                                  glass
                                                     « .
 22
    Lead         mg/l Pb 0,01         15%        30%     * Atomic absorption spectrometry -
                                                                                                  glass
                                                           I
 23  Selenium    mg/l Se 0.005        15%        30%     - Atomio absorption spectrometry
                                                                                                  glass
 ---pagebreak---                                             - 13
Γ77           (B )                               m        :                 &                            m     i
                                                                                                               I
                                                                                                               »
 24 Merourtf       œfifA        0.0001  15%      30%   - Flameless atomic absorption spectrometry
                                                                                                               I
                                                                                                       glass
                             0.0002(5 )
 25 Barium         in^/l Ba     0.02    15%      20%   - Atomic absorption spectrometry
                                                                                                       glass
 26 Cyanide        ®g/l Cn      0.01    15%      30%   * Moleoular absorption spectrophotometry
                                                         using a specific reagent , after distillation
                                                                       A
                                                                                                       plastio
 27 Sulphates      mg/l SO .    10       5%      10%   - Gravimetrio analysist   EDTA complezimetry
                                                                                                       glass
 28 Chlorides      mg/1 CI      10       5%      10%   - Titration ( Mohr's method)
                                                                                                       glass
                                                          I
                                                     I
 ---pagebreak---                                                              - 14 -
( A)                   (Β                  ( C)            D        ( E)                     (?)                         0)
20
         Surfactants          mg/1
     ( reacting with         (Lauryl          0.05        20%       20%  - Molecular Absorption spectrophotometry     Glass
       methyl blue )          Sulphate )
30       Phosphates           mg/l            0.02        10*       20%  - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
                                            '       > \
                                                                           after reduction of the phosphomolybdic     Glass
                              P2°5                                         complex
         Phenols              mg/l            0.0002      15%       50%  - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry     Glass
31     ( phenol index)        CgH_0H
         parani traili li ne                  0.001 ( 6 )
         4 aainoantipyrine
                                                                                                                      Glass
         Dissolved or         ng/l            0.01        20%       30%  - Gravimetry
32       emulsified
         hydrocarbons
         ( after extraction   ty petroleum    0.04 ( 3 )
           ether )
         Polycyclic aromatic                                             - Measurement of fluorescence in the Uv
33          hydrocarbons        mg/l          0.00004     30%       50%    after thin layer chromatography
                                                                         - Comparative measurements in relation to a  Glass
                                                                           mixture of Bix control substances with the
                                                                           sajne concentration ( 8 )
 ---pagebreak---                                                               - 15 -
  A)                    (Β)                    C)      D)            ( E)                      (Ρ)                          ( G)
 34      Total pesticides   mg/l                         3056         50%      - Gas chromatopography using an electron
       ( parathion, BHC                   0.0001                                 capture detector , after extraction by
         dieldrin)                                                               suitable solvents and purification        Glass
                                                                               – Identification of the substances
                                                                                 Quantitative analysis ( 9 )
                                             T
35       Chemical oxygen    mg/l 0-             5      20%            20%    - Potassium dichromate method                 Glass
         demand ( COD)
36      Dissolved   oxygen   4* Q 2          %          %             10#      - Winkler's method
        saturation rate                 saturation saturation     saturation
                                                                               - Specific electrode ( electrochemical
                                                                                                        method)            Glass
     1
        Biochemioal oxygen                                                    - Determination of dissolved oxygen as
37      demand (BOD^) at 20®C       q          2        20%           20%        in 36 above before and after five-day     Glass
        without nitrification         ^                                          incubation at 20°C + 1°C , in complete
                                                                                 darkness           ~~
                                                                              - Container completely filld . with no air
       Nitrogen by
38
        Kjeldahl method     mg/l N             0.5      10%           20%     - Determination of organic and ammoniacal
        ( except NO ,)                                                           nitrogen after mineralization and         Glass
                                                                                 distillation followed by molecular
                                                                                 absorption spectrophotometry or titration
 ---pagebreak---                                                   16 .
 A)                 (Β)             C         (D       ( E)                     ( Ρ)                    ( 0)
39  Ammonia             mg/l HH .   0.01 ( 2) 10%      20%  - Molecular absorption spectrophotometry
                                                              using indophenol blue                   Olass
                                    0.05 ( 3)
                                                                                                     i
40  Substances              /,
    extraotable with
                                    0.02 ( 2)               - Extraction by chloroform purified to a
                                                              neutral pH , Weigh residue             Glass
    chloroform
                                    0,1 (7 )
41  Total   organio               c
       carbon             '
    Residual organio
42  carbon after               /.
    floculation and
    membrane filtration
    ( 5 /u) TOC
 ---pagebreak---                                                   - 17 -
   A)                ( Β)              ( C)        D)    ( Β)                     (Ρ)                         Ο
43    Total coliforms 37 C               5 ( 2)   35%         - Culture on and/or in an appropriate
                           ■I 100 ml                            specific solid medium ( such as Tergitol
                                      500 ( 7 )                 lactose agar , endo agar , 0,4% Teepol
                                                                troth)
                                                                with filtration ( 2 ) or without filtration
                                                                ( 7 ) and enumeration of colonies
                                                j
                                                                                                            Sterilised
                                                                                  or
                                                                                                             glass
                                         5 ( 2)   80%
                                                              - Fermentation in multiple tubes# Sub­
                                      500 ( 7 )                 culturing of the positive tubes on a
                                                                confirmation medium . Count according to
                                                                MPN ( most probable number)
                                                              - Incubation temperature : 37 °C + 1°C
      Faecal coliforms                   2 ( 2)   35%         - Culture in and/or on an appropriate
                                                                specific solid medium ( such as Tergitol
44                                    200 ( 7 )                 lactose agar , endo agar, 0*4^ Teepol
                              /100 ml
                                                                broth)
                                                                with filtration ( 2) or without filtration
                                                                ( 7 ) and enumaration of colonies
                                                                                                            Sterilized
                                                                                     or                       glass
                                         2 ( 2)   80*         - Fermentation in multiple tubes# Sub­
                                                                culturing of the positive tubes on a
                                      200 (7 )*                 confirmation medium * Count according to
                                                                MPN ( most probable number )
                                                              - Incubation temperature 44°C + 0.5®C
 ---pagebreak---                                                     - 18 -
 (A              ( Β)                 ( C)       ( D)      ( E)                      ( Ρ)                     ( C)
 45 Faecal
                                      2 2)      1%              - Culture in and/or on an appropriate
    streptooocoi      /100 ml .    200 ( 7 )                     solid, medium using sodium azide , with     Sterilizec
                                                                 filtration ( 2) or without filtration ( 7 )  glass
                                                                 and enumeration of colonnies
                                                                                  or
                                    ' 2 ( 2)' »                 - Fermentation in multiple tubes .
                                   200 ( 7 )    80                Count according to MPN (most probable
                                                                  number )
46  Salmonella                    Not present                   - Concentration by membrane
                                5000 ml                           filtration .                               Sterilizec
                                                                                                              glass
                                  Not present                     Innoculation into pre-enrichment medium -
                                                                  enrichment and transfer into isolatine
                                1000 ml
                                                                  gelose - identification
 ---pagebreak---                                                   - 19 -
    Surface water samples taken at the abstraction point are analysed and measured after simple filtration
    (wire mesh sieve) to remove any floating debris such as wood, plastic , glass containers.
 2
 'For waters of Category      G value
 ^For waters of Categories      and A^
 4 For waters of Category
 5 For waters of Categories A1 , A2 and A3, I value .
 ^ For waters of Categories A2, I value and A3
 ? For waters of Categories A2 and A3, G value .
   Mixture of six standard substances all of the same concentration to be taken into considerations
   fluoranthenej 3»4 "benzofluoranthene;    11 , 12–benzofluoranthenes 3 ,4~benzopyrene: 1 . 12 "benzopervlene:
  indeno-1 , 2,3-Cd pyrene .                                                                                  '
9 Mixture of three substances all of the same concentration to be taJken into considerations
  parathion , EHC , dieldrin.
 ---pagebreak---                                     _ 20 _
                                  ANNEX II
         Erequancy of sampling and analysis for each parameter in
                        Council Directive 75/440/EEC
                         Minimum annual frequency
  Population served
  No of inhabitants *
                                             < 100 000      > 100 000
  Category A 1 water                              1               3
I Category A2 water                               2              6
  Category A3 water                               4             12
  Volume of water abstracted: 20 000 m /day
  ( calculation basis : 200 l/day per inhabitant ) .