CELEX: 52013PC0048
Language: en
Date: 2013-02-07
Title: Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security across the Union

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		52013PC0048
		
			Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security across the Union /* COM/2013/048 final - 2013/0027 (COD) */
			
				
		
		
			
			   	EXPLANATORY
MEMORANDUM
The aim of the
proposed Directive is to ensure a high common level of network and information
security (NIS). This means improving the security of the Internet and the
private networks and information systems underpinning the functioning of our
societies and economies. This will be achieved by requiring the Member States
to increase their preparedness and improve their cooperation with each other,
and by requiring operators of critical infrastructures, such as energy,
transport, and key providers of information society services (e-commerce
platforms, social networks, etc), as well as public administrations to adopt
appropriate steps to manage security risks and report serious incidents to the
national competent authorities.
This proposal is presented in connection
with the joint Communication of the Commission and High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on a European Cybersecurity
Strategy. The objective of the Strategy is to ensure a secure and trustworthy
digital environment, while promoting and protecting fundamental rights and
other EU core values. This proposal is the main action of the Strategy. Further
actions under the Strategy in this area focus on raising awareness, developing
an internal market for cybersecurity products and services, and fostering
R&D investment. These actions will be complemented by others aimed at
stepping up the fight against cybercrime and building an international
cybersecurity policy for the EU.
1.1.        Reasons for and objectives
of the proposal
NIS is increasingly important to our
economy and society. NIS is also an important
precondition to create a reliable environment for worldwide trade in services. However,
information systems can be affected by security incidents, such as human mistakes, natural
events, technical failures or malicious attacks. These
incidents are becoming bigger, more frequent, and more complex. The Commission’s online public consultation on ‘Improving network
and information security in the EU[1]’ found
that 57 % of respondents had experienced NIS incidents over the previous year that had a
serious impact on their activities. Lack of NIS can compromise vital
services depending on the integrity of network and information systems. This
can stop businesses functioning, generate substantial financial losses for the
EU economy and negatively affect societal welfare.
Moreover, as
a borderless communication instrument, digital information systems, in
particular the internet, are interconnected across Member States and play an
essential role in facilitating the cross-border movement of goods, services and
people. Substantial disruption of these systems in one Member State can affect
other Member States and the EU as a whole. The resilience and stability of network
and information systems is therefore essential to the completion of the Digital
Single Market and the smooth functioning of the Internal Market. The likelihood
and frequency of incidents and the inability to ensure efficient protection also
undermine public trust and confidence in network and information services: for
example, the 2012 Eurobarometer on Cybersecurity found that 38 % of EU internet
users are concerned about the safety of online payments and have changed their
behaviour because of concerns with security issues: 18 % are less likely
to buy goods online and 15 % are less likely to use online banking[2].
The current situation in the EU, reflecting
the purely voluntary approach followed so far, does not provide sufficient
protection against NIS incidents and risks across the EU. Existing NIS
capabilities and mechanisms are simply insufficient to keep pace with the
fast-changing landscape of threats and to ensure a common high level of
protection in all the Member States.
Despite
the initiatives undertaken, the Member States have very different levels of
capabilities and preparedness, leading to fragmented approaches across the EU. Given
the fact that networks and systems are interconnected, the overall NIS of the
EU is weakened by those Member States with an insufficient level of protection.
This situation also hinders the creation of trust among peers, which is a
prerequisite for cooperation and information sharing. As a result, there is cooperation
only among a minority of Member States with a high level of capabilities.
Therefore, there is currently no effective mechanism at EU level for effective cooperation and
collaboration and for trusted information sharing on
NIS incidents and risks among the Member States. This may result in uncoordinated regulatory
interventions, incoherent strategies and divergent
standards, leading to insufficient protection against NIS across the EU. Internal Market barriers may also arise, generating compliance costs
for companies operating in more than one Member State.
Finally, the
players managing critical
infrastructure or providing services essential to the functioning of our
societies are not under appropriate obligations to
adopt risk management measures and exchange information with relevant
authorities. On the one hand, therefore, businesses lack effective incentives
to conduct serious risk management, involving risk assessment and taking
appropriate steps to ensure NIS. On the other hand, a
large proportion of incidents does not reach the
competent authorities and go unnoticed. However, information on incidents is essential for public authorities to react,
take appropriate mitigating measures, and set adequate strategic priorities for
NIS.
The current
regulatory framework requires only telecommunication companies to adopt risk
management steps and to report serious NIS incidents. However, many other
sectors rely on ICT as an enabler and should therefore be concerned about NIS
as well. A number of specific infrastructure and
service providers are particularly vulnerable, due to their high dependence on
correctly functioning network and information systems. These sectors play an
essential role in providing key support services for our economy and society,
and the security of their systems is of particular importance to the
functioning of the Internal Market. These sectors
include banking, stock exchanges, energy generation, transmission and
distribution, transport (air, rail, maritime), health, internet services and
public administrations.
A
step-change is therefore needed in the way NIS is dealt with in the EU.
Regulatory obligations are required to create a level playing field and close
existing legislative loopholes. To address these problems and increase the
level of NIS within the European Union, the objectives of the proposed
Directive are as follows.
First, the proposal requires all the Member
States to ensure that they have in place a minimum level of national
capabilities by establishing competent authorities for NIS, setting up Computer
Emergency Response Teams (CERTs), and adopting national NIS strategies and
national NIS cooperation plans.
Secondly, the national competent
authorities should cooperate within a network enabling secure and effective
coordination, including coordinated information exchange as well as detection
and response at EU level. Through this network, Member States should exchange
information and cooperate to counter NIS threats and incidents on the basis of
the European NIS cooperation plan.
Thirdly, based on the model of the
Framework Directive for electronic communications, the proposal aims to ensure
that a culture of risk management develops and that information is shared between
the private and public sectors. Companies in the specific critical sectors
outlined above and public administrations will be required to assess the risks
they face and adopt appropriate and proportionate measures to ensure NIS. These
entities will be required to report to the competent authorities any incidents
seriously compromising their networks and information systems and significantly
affecting the continuity of critical services and supply of goods.
1.2.        General context
Already in 2001, in its Communication
Network and Information Security: Proposal for A European Policy Approach’, the
Commission outlined the increasing importance of NIS[3]. This was followed by the
adoption in 2006 of a Strategy for a Secure Information Society[4], aiming to develop a culture of NIS in Europe. Its main elements
were endorsed in a Council Resolution[5].
The Commission
further adopted, on 30 March 2009, a Communication on Critical Information
Infrastructure protection (CIIP)[6] focusing on the protection of Europe from cyber disruptions by
enhancing security. The Communication launched an action plan to support Member
States’ efforts to ensure prevention and response. The Action Plan was endorsed
in the Presidency Conclusions of the Ministerial Conference on CIIP in Tallinn
in 2009. On 18 December 2009 the Council adopted a Resolution on ‘A
collaborative European approach to network and information security’[7].
The Digital
Agenda for Europe[8]
(DAE), adopted in May 2010, and the related Council Conclusions[9] highlighted the shared
understanding that trust and security are fundamental pre-conditions for the
wide uptake of ICT and thus for achieving the objectives of the ‘smart growth’
dimension of the Europe 2020 Strategy[10].
Under its Trust and Security chapter, the DAE emphasised the need for all
stakeholders to join forces in a holistic effort to ensure the security and
resilience of ICT infrastructure, by focusing on prevention, preparedness and
awareness, as well as to develop effective and coordinated security mechanisms.
In particular, key action 6 of the Digital Agenda for Europe calls for measures
aimed at a reinforced and high-level NIS policy.
In its
Communication on CIIP of March 2011 on ‘Achievements and next steps: towards
global cyber-security’[11], the Commission took stock of the results achieved since the
adoption of the CIIP action plan in 2009, concluding that the implementation of
the plan showed that purely national approaches to tackling the security and
resilience challenges are not sufficient, and that Europe should continue its
efforts to build a coherent and cooperative approach across the EU. The 2011
CIIP Communication announced a number of actions, with the Commission calling
upon the Member States to set up NIS capabilities and cross-border cooperation.
Most of these actions should have been completed by 2012, but have not yet been
implemented.
In its Conclusions of 27 May 2011 on CIIP,
the Council of the European Union stressed the
pressing need to make ICT systems and networks resilient and secure against all
possible disruptions, whether accidental or intentional, to develop across the EU
a high level of preparedness, security and resilience capabilities, to upgrade
technical competences to allow Europe to meet the challenge of network and
information infrastructure protection, and to foster cooperation between the
Member States by developing incident cooperation mechanisms between the Member
States.
1.3.        Existing European Union
and international provisions in this area
Under Regulation (EC) No 460/2004, the
European Community established in 2004 the European Network and Information
Security Agency (ENISA)[12], with the aim of contributing to ensuring a high level and
developing a culture of NIS within the EU.A proposal to modernise the mandate
of ENISA was adopted on 30 September 2010[13]
and is under discussion in the Council and the European Parliament. The revised
regulatory framework for electronic communications[14], in
force since November 2009, imposes security obligations on electronic
communication providers[15].
These obligations had to be transposed at national level by May 2011.
All players that are data controllers (for
example banks or hospitals) are obliged by the data protection regulatory
framework[16]
to put in place security measures to protect personal data. Also, under the
2012 Commission proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation[17], data controllers would have to
report breaches of personal data to the national supervisory authorities. This
means that, for example, a NIS security breach affecting the provision of a
service without compromising personal data (e.g. an ICT outage at a power
company resulting in a blackout) would not have to be notified.
Under Directive 2008/114 on the
identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructures and the
assessment of the need to improve their protection, the ‘European Programme for
Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP)’[18] sets out the overall ‘umbrella’
approach to the protection of critical infrastructures in the EU. The
objectives of EPCIP are fully consistent with this proposal and the Directive
should apply without prejudice to Directive 2008/114. EPCIP does not oblige
operators to report significant breaches of security and does not set up
mechanisms for the Member States to cooperate and respond to incidents.
The co-legislators are currently discussing
the Commission proposal for a Directive on attacks against information systems[19], which aims to harmonise the
criminalisation of specific types of conduct. It covers only the
criminalisation of specific types of conduct and does not address the
prevention of NIS risks and incidents, the response to NIS incidents and the
mitigation of their impact. The present Directive should apply without
prejudice to the Directive on attacks against information systems.
On 28 March 2012, the Commission adopted a
Communication on the establishment of a European Cybercrime Centre (EC3)[20]. This Centre, established on
11 January 2013, is part of the European Police Office (EUROPOL) and act as the
focal point in the fight against cybercrime in the EU. EC3 is intended to pool
European cybercrime expertise to support the Member States in capacity
building, provide support to Member States’ cybercrime investigations and, in
close cooperation with Eurojust, become the collective voice of European
cybercrime investigators across law enforcement and the judiciary.
The European Institutions, agencies and
bodies have set up their own Computer Emergency Response Team, called CERT-EU.
At international level, the EU works on
cybersecurity at both bilateral and multilateral level. The 2010 EU-US Summit[21] saw the establishment of the
EU-US Working Group on Cybersecurity and Cybercrime. The EU is also active in other
relevant multilateral fora, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD), the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Organisation for Security and
Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Summit on the Information Society
(WSIS) and the Internet Governance Forum (IGF). 
2.           RESULTS OF CONSULTATIONS WITH THE
INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
2.1.        Consultation with
interested parties and use of expertise
An online public consultation on ‘Improving NIS in the EU’ ran
between 23 July and 15 October 2012. In total, the Commission received 160
responses to the online questionnaire.
The key outcome was that stakeholders showed general
support for the need to improve NIS across the EU. In
particular: 82.8 % of respondents expressed the view that governments in
the EU should do more to ensure a high level of NIS; 82.8 % were of the
opinion that users of information and systems were unaware of existing NIS
threats and incidents; 66.3 % would in principle be in favour of introducing
a regulatory requirement to manage NIS risks; and 84.8 % said that such
requirements should be set at EU level. A high number of respondents thought
that it would be important to adopt NIS requirements in the following sectors
in particular: banking and finance (91.1 %), energy (89.4 %),
transport (81.7 %), health (89.4 %), internet services (89.1 %),
and public administrations (87.5 %). Respondents also considered that if a requirement to report NIS security breaches to
the national competent authority were introduced, it should be set at EU level
(65.1 %) and affirmed that public administrations should also be subject
to it (93.5 %). Finally, respondents affirmed that a requirement to implement
NIS risk management in line with the state of the art would entail for them no
significant additional costs (63.4 %), and that a requirement to report
security breaches would cause no significant additional costs (72.3 %).
Member States were consulted in a number of relevant
Council configurations, in the context of the European Forum for Member
States (EFMS), at the Conference on Cybersecurity
organised by the Commission and the European External Action Service on 6 July
2012, and in dedicated bilateral meetings convened at the request of individual
Member States.
Discussions with the private sector were also held
within the European Public-Private Partnership for Resilience[22] and through bilateral meetings. As for the public sector, the Commission held discussions with
ENISA and the CERT for the EU institutions.
2.2.        Impact
assessment
The
Commission has carried out an impact assessment of three policy options:
Option 1: Business as usual (baseline
scenario): maintaining the current approach;
Option 2: Regulatory approach, consisting
of a legislative proposal establishing a common EU legal framework for NIS
regarding Member State capabilities, mechanisms for EU-level cooperation, and
requirements for key private players and public administrations;
Option 3:
Mixed approach, combining voluntary initiatives for Member State NIS
capabilities and mechanisms for EU-level cooperation with regulatory
requirements for key private players and public administrations.
The Commission concluded that Option 2
would have the strongest positive impacts, as it would considerably improve the
protection of EU consumers, business and governments against NIS incidents. In
particular, the obligations placed on the Member States
would ensure adequate preparedness at national level
and would contribute to a climate of mutual trust, which is a
precondition for effective cooperation at EU level. The setting up of
mechanisms for cooperation at EU level via the network would deliver coherent
and coordinated prevention and response to cross-border NIS incidents and
risks. The introduction of requirements to implement
NIS risk management for public administrations and key private players would
create a strong incentive to manage security risks effectively. The obligation
to report NIS incidents with a significant impact would enhance the ability to
respond to incidents and foster transparency. Moreover,
by putting its own house in order, the EU would be able to extend its
international reach and become an even more credible partner for cooperation at
bilateral and multilateral level. The EU would hence also be better placed to
promote fundamental rights and EU core values abroad.
The quantitative assessment showed that
Option 2 would not impose a disproportionate burden on Member States. The costs
for the private sector would also be limited since many of the entities concerned
are already supposed to comply with existing security requirements (namely the
obligation for data controllers to take technical and organisational measures
to secure personal data, including NIS measures). Existing spending on security
in the private sector has also been taken into account.
This proposal observes the principles
recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union notably, the
right to respect for private life and communications. the protection for
personal data, the freedom to conduct a business, the right to property, the
right to an effective remedy before a court and the right to be heard. This
Directive must be implemented according to these rights and principles.
3.           LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE PROPOSAL
3.1.        Legal
basis
The European Union is
empowered to adopt measures with the aim of establishing or ensuring the
functioning of the Internal Market, in accordance with the relevant provisions
of the Treaties (Article 26 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union — TFEU). Under Article 114 TFEU, the EU can
adopt ‘measures for the approximation of the provisions laid down by law,
regulation or administrative action in Member States which have as their
object the establishment and functioning of the internal market’.
As indicated above, network and information
systems play an essential role in facilitating the cross-border movement of
goods, services and people. They are often interconnected, and the internet is
global in nature. Given this intrinsic transnational dimension, a disruption in
one Member State can also affect other Member States and the EU as a whole. The
resilience and stability of network and information systems is therefore
essential to the smooth functioning of the Internal Market.
The EU legislator has already recognised
the need to harmonise NIS rules to ensure the development of the Internal Market.
In particular, this was the case for Regulation
460/2004 establishing ENISA[23],
which is based on Article 114 TFEU.
The disparities resulting from uneven NIS
national capabilities, policies and level of protection across the Member
States lead to barriers to the Internal Market and justify EU action.
3.2.        Subsidiarity
European
intervention in the area of NIS is justified by the subsidiarity principle.
Firstly,
considering the cross-border nature of NIS, non-intervention at EU level would
lead to a situation where each Member State would act alone, disregarding the
interdependencies among EU network and information systems. An appropriate
degree of coordination among the Member States would ensure that NIS risks could
be well managed in the cross-border context in which they arise. Divergences in
NIS regulations represent a barrier to companies wanting to operate in several
countries and to the achievement of global economies of scale.
Secondly, regulatory
obligations at EU level are needed to create a level playing field and close
legislative loopholes. A purely voluntary approach has resulted in cooperation
only among a minority of Member States with a high level of capabilities. In
order to involve all the Member States, it is necessary to ensure that they all
have the required minimum level of capability. NIS measures adopted by
governments need to be consistent with one other and be coordinated to contain
and minimise the consequences of NIS incidents. Within
the network, through exchange of best practices and continuous involvement of
ENISA, the competent authorities and the Commission will cooperate to
facilitate a convergent implementation of the Directive across the EU. In
addition, concerted NIS policy actions can have a strong positive impact for
the effective protection of fundamental rights, and specifically the right to
the protection of personal data and privacy. Action at EU level would therefore
improve the effectiveness of existing national policies and facilitate their
development.
The
proposed measures are also justified on grounds of proportionality. The
requirements for the Member States are set at the minimum level
necessary to achieve adequate preparedness and to enable cooperation based on
trust. This also enables Member States to take due account of national
specificities and ensures that the common EU principles are applied in a
proportionate manner. The wide scope of application will allow the Member
States to implement the Directive in light of the actual risks faced at
national level as identified in the national NIS strategy. The requirements to
implement risk management target only critical entities and impose measures
that are proportionate to the risks. The public consultation underlined the
importance of ensuring the security of these critical entities. The reporting
requirements would concern only incidents with a significant impact. As
indicated above, the measures would not impose disproportionate costs, as many
of these entities as data controllers are already required by the current data protection
rules to secure the protection of personal data.
To
avoid imposing a disproportionate burden on small operators, in particular on
SMEs, the requirements are proportionate to the risk presented by the network or
information system concerned and should not apply to micro enterprises. The
risks will have to be identified in the first place by the entities subject to
these obligations, which will have to decide on the measures to be adopted to
mitigate such risks.
The stated objectives can be better achieved
at EU level, rather than by the Member States alone, in view of the
cross-border aspects of NIS incidents and risks. Therefore, the EU may adopt
measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article
5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of
proportionality, the proposed Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in
order to achieve those objectives.
To
achieve the objectives, the Commission should be empowered to adopt delegated
acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union, in order to supplement or amend certain non-essential elements
of the basic act. The Commission's proposal also strives to support a process
of proportionality in the implementation of the obligations placed upon private
and public operators.
In
order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of the basic act, the
Commission should be empowered to adopt implementing acts in accordance with
Article 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Considering
in particular the broad scope of the proposed Directive, the fact that it
tackles heavily regulated domains, and the legal obligations deriving from its
Chapter IV, Explanatory Documents should accompany the notification of
transposition measures. In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of
Member States and the Commission on explanatory documents of 28 September 2011,
Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notification
of their transposition measures with one or more documents explaining the
relationship between the components of a Directive and the corresponding parts
of national transposition instruments. With regard to this Directive, the
legislator considers the transmission of such documents to be justified.
4.           BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS
Cooperation and exchange of information
between Member States should be supported by a secure infrastructure. The
proposal will have EU budgetary implications only if Member States choose to
adapt an existing infrastructure (e.g. sTESTA) and task the Commission to
implement this under the MFF 2014-2020. The one-off cost is estimated to be EUR 1 250 000
and would be borne by the EU budget, budget line 09.03.02 (to promote the
interconnection and interoperability of national public services online as well
as access to such networks — Chapter 09.03, Connecting Europe Facility —
telecommunications networks) on condition that sufficient funds are available
under CEF. Alternatively, Member States can either share the one-off cost of
adapting an existing infrastructure or decide to set up a new infrastructure
and bear the costs, which are estimated to be approximately EUR 10 million
per year.
2013/0027 (COD)
Proposal for a
DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL
concerning measures to ensure a high
common level of network and information security across the Union
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard
to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article
114 thereof,
Having regard
to the proposal from the European Commission,
After
transmission of the draft legislative act to the national Parliaments, 
Having regard
to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee[24],
After
consulting the European Data Protection Supervisor,
Acting in
accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure,
Whereas:
(1)       Network
and information systems and services play a vital role in the society. Their
reliability and security are essential to economic activities and social
welfare, and in particular to the functioning of the internal market.
(2)       The
magnitude and frequency of deliberate or accidental security incidents is
increasing and represents a major threat to the functioning of networks and
information systems. Such incidents can impede the pursuit of economic
activities, generate substantial financial losses, undermine user confidence
and cause major damage to the economy of the Union.
(3)       As a
communication instrument without frontiers, digital information systems, and
primarily the Internet play an essential role in facilitating the cross-border
movement of goods, services and people. Due to that transnational nature,
substantial disruption of those systems in one Member State can also affect
other Member States and the Union as a whole. The resilience and stability of
network and information systems is therefore essential to the smooth
functioning of the internal market.
(4)       A cooperation mechanism
should be established at Union level to allow for
information exchange and coordinated detection and response regarding network and information security ("NIS"). For that mechanism to be effective and inclusive, it is essential
that all Member States have minimum capabilities and a strategy ensuring a high
level of NIS in their territory. Minimum security requirements should also
apply to public administrations and operators of
critical information infrastructure to promote a culture of risk management and
ensure that the most serious incidents are reported.
(5)       To cover
all relevant incidents and risks, this Directive should apply to all network
and information systems. The obligations on public administrations and market operators
should however not apply to undertakings providing
public communication networks or publicly available electronic communication
services within the meaning of Directive 2002/21/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on a common regulatory
framework for electronic communications networks and services (Framework
Directive)[25],
which are subject to the specific security and integrity requirements laid down
in Article 13a of that Directive nor should they apply to
trust service providers.
(6)       The existing capabilities
are not sufficient enough to ensure a high level of NIS within the Union.
Member States have very different levels of preparedness leading to fragmented
approaches across the Union. This leads to an unequal level of protection of
consumers and businesses, and undermines the overall level of NIS within the
Union. Lack of common minimum requirements on public administrations and market
operators in turn makes it impossible to set up a global and effective
mechanism for cooperation at Union level. 
(7)       Responding effectively to
the challlenges of the security of network and information systems therefore
requires a global approach at Union level covering common minimum capacity
building and planning requirements, exchange of information and coordination of
actions, and common minimum security requirements for all market operators
concerned and public administrations.
(8)       The provisions of this
Directive should be without prejudice to the possibility for each Member State
to take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of its essential
security interests, to safeguard public policy and public security, and to
permit the investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences. In
accordance with Article 346 TFEU, no Member State is to be obliged to supply
information the disclosure of which it considers contrary to the essential
interests of its security.
(9)       To achieve and maintain a
common high level of security of network and information systems, each Member
State should have a national NIS strategy defining the strategic objectives and
concrete policy actions to be implemented. NIS cooperation plans complying with
essential requirements need to be developed at national level in order to reach
capacity response levels allowing for effective and efficient cooperation at
national and Union level in case of incidents.
(10)     To allow for the effective
implementation of the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive, a body
responsible for coordinating NIS issues and acting as a focal point for
cross-border cooperation at Union level should be established or identified in
each Member State. These bodies should be given the adequate technical,
financial and human resources to ensure that they can carry out in an effective
and efficient manner the tasks assigned to them and thus achieve the objectives
of this Directive.
(11)     All Member States should be
adequately equipped, both in terms of technical and organisational
capabilities, to prevent, detect, respond to and mitigate network and
information systems' incidents and risks. Well-functioning Computer Emergency Response Teams complying with
essential requirements should therefore be
established in all Member States to guarantee effective and compatible
capabilities to deal with incidents and risks and ensure efficient cooperation
at Union level.
(12)     Building upon the
significant progress within the European Forum of Member States ("EFMS")
in fostering discussions and exchanges on good policy practices including the development
of principles for European cyber crisis cooperation, the Member States and the
Commission should form a network to bring them into permanent communication and
support their cooperation. This secure and effective cooperation mechanism
should enable structured and coordinated information exchange, detection and
response at Union level. 
(13)     The European Network and
Information Security Agency ("ENISA") should assist the Member States
and the Commission by providing its expertise and advice and by facilitating
exchange of best practices. In particular, in the application of this
Directive, the Commission should consult ENISA. To ensure effective and timely
information to the Member States and the Commission, early warnings on
incidents and risks should be notified within the cooperation network. To build
capacity and knowledge among Member States, the cooperation network should also
serve as an instrument for the exchange of best practices, assisting its
members in building capacity, steering the organisation of peer reviews and NIS
exercises.
(14)     A secure
information-sharing infrastructure should be put in place to allow for the exchange of sensitive and confidential information within the cooperation network. Without prejudice to their obligation to notify incidents and risks of
Union dimension to the cooperation network, access to
confidential information from other Member States should only be granted to
Members States upon demonstration that their technical, financial and human
resources and processes, as well as their communication infrastructure, guarantee
their effective, efficient and secure participation in the network.
(15)     As most network and
information systems are privately operated, cooperation between the public and
private sector is essential. Market operators should be encouraged to pursue
their own informal cooperation mechanisms to ensure NIS. They should also
cooperate with the public sector and share information and best practices in
exchange of operational support in case of incidents.
(16)     To ensure transparency and
properly inform EU citizens and market operators, the competent authorities should set up a common website to publish non confidential information
on the incidents and risks.
(17)     Where information is
considered confidential in accordance with Union and national rules on business
confidentiality, such confidentiality shall be ensured when carrying out the
activities and fulfilling the objectives set by this Directive.
(18)     On the basis in particular
of national crisis management experiences and in cooperation with ENISA, the
Commission and the Member States should develop a Union NIS cooperation plan
defining cooperation mechanisms to counter risks and incidents. That plan
should be duly taken into account in the operation of early warnings within the
cooperation network.
(19)     Notification of an early
warning within the network should be required only where the scale and severity
of the incident or risk concerned are or may become so significant that
information or coordination of the response at Union level is necessary. Early
warnings should therefore be limited to actual or potential incidents or risks
that grow rapidly, exceed national response capacity or affect more than one
Member State. To allow for a proper evaluation, all information relevant for
the assessment of the risk or incident should be communicated to the
cooperation network.
(20)     Upon receipt of an early
warning and its assessment, the competent authorities should agree on a
coordinated response under the Union NIS cooperation plan. Competent
authorities as well as the Commission should be informed about the measures
adopted at national level as a result of the coordinated response.
(21)     Given the global nature of
NIS problems, there is a need for closer international cooperation to improve
security standards and information exchange, and promote a common global
approach to NIS issues.
(22)     Responsibilities in
ensuring NIS lie to a great extent on public administrations and market
operators. A culture of risk management, involving risk assessment and the
implementation of security measures appropriate to the risks faced should be
promoted and developed through appropriate regulatory requirements and
voluntary industry practices. Establishing a level playing field is also
essential to the effective functioning of the cooperation network to ensure
effective cooperation from all Member States.
(23)     Directive 2002/21/EC
requires that undertakings providing public electronic communications networks
or publicly available electronic communications services take appropriate
measures to safeguard their integrity and security and introduces security
breach and integrity loss notification requirements. Directive 2002/58/EC of
the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the
processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic
communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications)[26] requires a provider of a
publicly available electronic communications service to take appropriate
technical and organisational measures to safeguard the security of its
services.
(24)     Those obligations should be
extended beyond the electronic communications sector to key providers of
information society services, as defined in Directive 98/34/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the
provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations
and of rules on Information Society services[27],
which underpin downstream information society services or on-line activities,
such as e-commerce platforms, Internet payment gateways, social networks,
search engines, cloud computing services, application stores. Disruption of
these enabling information society services prevents the provision of other
information society services which rely on them as key inputs. Software
developers and hardware manufacturers are not providers of information society
services and are therefore excluded. Those obligations should also be extended to
public administrations, and operators of critical infrastructure which rely
heavily on information and communications technology and are essential to the
maintenance of vital economical or societal functions such as electricity and
gas, transport, credit institutions, stock exchange and health. Disruption of
those network and information systems would affect the internal market.
(25)     Technical and
organisational measures imposed to public administrations and market operators
should not require that a particular commercial information and communications
technology product be designed, developed or manufactured in a particular
manner.
(26)     The public administrations
and market operators should ensure security of the networks and systems which
are under their control. These would be primarily private networks and systems
managed either by their internal IT staff or the security of which has been
outsourced. The security and notification obligations should apply to the
relevant market operators and public administrations regardless of whether they
perform the maintenance of their network and information systems internally or
outsource it.
(27)     To avoid imposing a
disproportionate financial and administrative burden on small operators and
users, the requirements should be proportionate to the risk presented by the network
or information system concerned, taking into account the state of the art of
such measures. These requirements should not apply to micro enterprises.
(28)     Competent authorities
should pay due attention to preserving informal and trusted channels of
information-sharing between market operators and between the public and the
private sectors. Publicity of incidents reported to the competent authorities
should duly balance the interest of the public in being informed about threats
with possible reputational and commercial damages for the public
administrations and market operators reporting incidents. In the implementation
of the notification obligations, competent authorities should pay particular
attention to the need to maintain information about product vulnerabilities
strictly confidential prior to the release of appropriate security fixes.
(29)     Competent authorities
should have the necessary means to perform their duties, including powers to
obtain sufficient information from market operators and public administrations in
order to assess the level of security of network and information systems as
well as reliable and comprehensive data about actual incidents that have had an
impact on the operation of network and information systems.
(30)     Criminal activities are in
many cases underlying an incident. The criminal nature of incidents can be
suspected even if the evidence to support it may not be sufficiently clear from
the start. In this context, appropriate co-operation between competent
authorities and law enforcement authorities should form part of an effective
and comprehensive response to the threat of security incidents. In particular,
promoting a safe, secure and more resilient environment requires a systematic
reporting of incidents of a suspected serious criminal nature to law
enforcement authorities. The serious criminal nature of incidents should be
assessed in the light of EU laws on cybercrime. 
(31)     Personal data are in many
cases compromised as a result of incidents. In this context, competent
authorities and data protection authorities should cooperate and exchange
information on all relevant matters to tackle the personal data breaches
resulting from incidents. Member states shall implement the obligation to
notify security incidents in a way that minimises the administrative burden in
case the security incident is also a personal data breach in line with the Regulation
of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals
with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such
data[28].
Liaising with the competent authorities and the data protection authorities,
ENISA could assist by developing information exchange mechanisms and templates avoiding
the need for two notification templates. This single notification template
would facilitate the reporting of incidents compromising personal data thereby
easing the administrative burden on businesses and public administrations.
(32)     Standardisation of security
requirements is a market-driven process. To ensure a convergent application of
security standards, Member States should encourage compliance or conformity
with specified standards to ensure a high level of security at Union level. To
this end, it might be necessary to draft harmonised standards, which should be
done in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on European standardisation, amending
Council Directives 89/686/EEC and 93/15/EEC and Directives 94/9/EC, 94/25/EC,
95/16/EC, 97/23/EC, 98/34/EC, 2004/22/EC, 2007/23/EC, 2009/23/EC and
2009/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council
Decision 87/95/EEC and Decision No 1673/2006/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council[29].
(33)     The Commission should
periodically review this Directive, in particular with a view to determining
the need for modification in the light of changing technological or market
conditions.
(34)     In order to allow for the
proper functioning of the cooperation network, the power to adopt acts in
accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the definition of the
criteria to be fulfilled for a Member State to be authorized to participate to
the secure information-sharing system, of the further specification of the
triggering events for early warning, and of the definition of the circumstances
in which market operators and public administrations are required to notify incidents.
(35)     It is of particular importance
that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory
work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up
delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission
of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.
(36)     In order to ensure uniform
conditions for the implementation of this Directive, implementing powers should
be conferred on the Commission as regards the cooperation between competent
authorities and the Commission within the cooperation network, the access to
the secure information-sharing infrastructure, the Union NIS cooperation plan, the
formats and procedures applicable to informing the public about incidents, and the
standards and/or technical specifications relevant to NIS. Those powers should
be exercised in accordance with Regulation
(EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February
2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for
control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers[30].
(37)     In the application of this
Directive, the Commission should liaise as appropriate with relevant sectoral
committees and relevant bodies set up at EU level in particular in the field of
energy, transport and health.
(38)     Information that is
considered confidential by a competent authority, in accordance with Union and
national rules on business confidentiality, should be exchanged with the
Commission and other competent authorities only where such exchange is strictly
necessary for the application of this Directive. The information exchanged
should be limited to that which is relevant and proportionate to the purpose of
such exchange.
(39)     The sharing of information
on risks and incidents within the cooperation network and compliance with the
requirements to notify incidents to the national competent authorities may
require the processing of personal data. Such a processing of personal data is
necessary to meet the objectives of public interest pursued by this Directive
and is thus legitimate under Article 7 of Directive 95/46/EC. It does not
constitute, in relation to these legitimate aims, a disproportionate and
intolerable interference impairing the very substance of the right to the
protection of personal data guaranteed by Article 8 of the Charter of
fundamental rights. In the application of this Directive, Regulation (EC) No
1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding
public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents[31] should apply as appropriate. When
data are processed by Union institutions and bodies, such processing for the
purpose of implementing this Directive should comply with Regulation (EC) No
45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on
the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by
the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data.
(40)     Since
the objectives of this Directive,
namely to ensure a high level of NIS in the Union, cannot be sufficiently
achieved by the Member States alone and can therefore, by reason of the effects of the action, be better achieved
at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle
of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In
accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article,
this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
(41)     This Directive respects the
fundamental rights, and observes the principles, recognised by the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union notably, the right to respect for
private life and communications, the protection for personal data, the freedom
to conduct a business, the right to property, the right to an effective remedy
before a court and the right to be heard. This Directive must be implemented
according to these rights and principles
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
CHAPTER I
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Article 1
Subject
matter and scope
1.           This Directive lays down
measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security
(hereinafter referred to as "NIS") within the Union.
2.           To that end, this
Directive:
(a)                   
lays down obligations for all Member States
concerning the prevention, the handling of and the response to risks and
incidents affecting networks and information systems;
(b)                   
creates a cooperation mechanism between Member
States in order to ensure a uniform application of this Directive within the
Union and, where necessary, a coordinated and efficient handling of and
response to risks and incidents affecting network and information systems;
(c)                   
establishes security requirements for market
operators and public administrations.
3.           The security requirements provided
for in Article 14 shall apply neither to undertakings providing public
communication networks or publicly available electronic communication services within
the meaning of Directive 2002/21/EC, which shall comply with the specific
security and integrity requirements laid down in Articles 13a and 13b of that
Directive, nor to trust service providers. 
4.           This Directive shall be
without prejudice to EU laws on cybercrime and Council Directive 2008/114/EC of
8 December 2008 on the identification and designation of European critical
infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection[32] 
5.           This Directive shall also
be without prejudice to Directive 95/46/CE of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the
processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data[33], and to Directive 2002/58/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of
personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications
sector and to the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on
the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data
and on the free movement of such data[34].

6.           The sharing of information
within the cooperation network under Chapter III and the notifications of NIS
incidents under Article 14 may require the processing of personal data. Such
processing, which is necessary to meet the objectives of public interest
pursued by this Directive, shall be authorised by the Member State pursuant to
Article 7 of Directive 95/46/EC and Directive 2002/58/EC, as implemented in
national law.
Article 2
Minimum
harmonisation
Member States
shall not be prevented from adopting or maintaining provisions ensuring a
higher level of security, without prejudice to their obligations under Union
law.
Article 3
Definitions

For the purpose of this Directive, the
following definitions shall apply: 
(1)                   
"network and information system" means:
(a)         
an electronic communications network within the
meaning of Directive 2002/21/EC, and 
(b)         
any device or group of inter-connected or
related devices, one or more of which, pursuant to a program, perform automatic
processing of computer data, as well as 
(c)         
computer data stored, processed, retrieved or
transmitted by elements covered under point (a) and (b) for the purposes of
their operation, use, protection and maintenance.
(2)                   
"security" means the ability of a network
and information system to resist, at a given level of confidence, accident or
malicious action that compromise the availability, authenticity, integrity and
confidentiality of stored or transmitted data or the related services offered
by or accessible via that network and information system;
(3)                   
"risk" means any circumstance or event
having a potential adverse effect on security;
(4)                   
"incident" means any circumstance or
event having an actual adverse effect on security;
(5)                   
"information society service" mean
service within the meaning of point (2) of Article 1 of Directive 98/34/EC;
(6)                   
"NIS cooperation plan" means a plan
establishing the framework for organisational roles, responsibilities and
procedures to maintain or restore the operation of networks and information
systems, in the event of a risk or an incident affecting them;
(7)                   
"incident handling" means all
procedures supporting the analysis, containment and response to an incident;
(8)                   
"market operator" means:
(a)         
provider of information society services which
enable the provision of other information society services, a non exhaustive
list of which is set out in Annex II;
(b)         
operator of critical infrastructure that are
essential for the maintenance of vital economic and societal activities in the
fields of energy, transport, banking, stock exchanges and health, a non
exhaustive list of which is set out in Annex II.
(9)                   
"standard" means a standard referred
to in Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012;
(10)               
"specification" means a specification
referred to in Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012;
(11)               
"Trust service provider" means a natural
or legal person who provides any electronic service consisting
in the creation, verification, validation, handling and preservation of
electronic signatures, electronic seals, electronic time stamps, electronic
documents, electronic delivery services, website authentication, and electronic
certificates, including certificates for electronic signature and for
electronic seals.
CHAPTER
II
NATIONAL
FRAMEWORKS ON NETWORK AND INFORMATION SECURITY
Article 4
Principle
Member States shall ensure a high level of
security of the network and information systems in their territories in
accordance with this Directive.
Article 5
National
NIS strategy and national NIS cooperation plan
1.                Each
Member State shall adopt a national NIS strategy defining the strategic objectives
and concrete policy and regulatory measures to achieve and maintain a high
level of network and information security. The national NIS strategy shall
address in particular the following issues:
(a)                   
The definition of the objectives and priorities
of the strategy based on an up-to-date risk and incident analysis;
(b)                   
A governance framework to achieve the strategy
objectives and priorities, including a clear definition of the roles and
responsibilities of the government bodies and the other relevant actors;
(c)                   
The identification of the general measures on
preparedness, response and recovery, including cooperation mechanisms between
the public and private sectors;
(d)                   
An indication of the education, awareness
raising and training programmes;
(e)                   
Research and development plans and a
description of how these plans reflect the identified priorities.
2.           The national NIS strategy
shall include a national NIS cooperation plan complying at least with the following
requirements 
(a)                   
A risk assessment plan to identify risks and
assess the impacts of potential incidents;
(b)                   
The definition of the roles and responsibilities
of the various actors involved in the implementation of the plan;
(c)                   
The definition of cooperation and communication
processes ensuring prevention, detection, response, repair and recovery, and
modulated according to the alert level;
(d)                   
A roadmap for NIS exercises and training to
reinforce, validate, and test the plan. Lessons learned to be documented and
incorporated into updates to the plan. 
3.           The national NIS strategy
and the national NIS cooperation plan shall be communicated to the Commission
within one month from their adoption.
Article 6
National
competent authority on the security of network and information systems
1.           Each Member State shall
designate a national competent authority on the security of network and
information systems (the "competent authority").
2.                The
competent authorities shall monitor the application of this Directive at
national level and contribute to its consistent application throughout the
Union.
3.           Member States shall ensure
that the competent authorities have adequate technical, financial and human
resources to carry out in an effective and efficient manner the tasks assigned
to them and thereby to fulfil the objectives of this Directive. Member States
shall ensure the effective, efficient and secure cooperation of the competent
authorities via the network referred to in Article 8. 
4.           Member States shall ensure
that the competent authorities receive the notifications of incidents from
public administrations and market operators as specified under Article 14(2)
and are granted the implementation and enforcement powers referred to under
Article 15.
5.           The competent authorities
shall consult and cooperate, whenever appropriate, with the relevant law enforcement
national authorities and data protection authorities.
6.           Each Member State shall
notify to the Commission without delay the designation of the competent
authority, its tasks, and any subsequent change thereto. Each Member State
shall make public its designation of the competent authority.
Article 7
Computer Emergency Response Team
1.           Each Member State shall
set up a Computer Emergency Response Team (hereinafter: "CERT")
responsible for handling incidents and risks according to a well-defined process,
which shall comply with the requirements set out in point (1) of Annex I. A
CERT may be established within the competent authority.
2.           Member States shall ensure
that CERTs have adequate technical, financial and human resources to effectively
carry out their tasks set out in point (2) of Annex I.
3.           Member States shall ensure
that CERTs rely on a secure and resilient communication and information
infrastructure at national level, which shall be compatible and interoperable
with the secure information-sharing system referred to in Article 9.
4.           Member States shall inform
the Commission about the resources and mandate as well as the incident handling
process of the CERTs.
5.           The CERT shall act under
the supervision of the competent authority, which shall regularly review the
adequacy of its resources, its mandate and the effectiveness of its
incident-handling process.
CHAPTER III
COOPERATION
BETWEEN COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
Article 8
Cooperation
network
1.           The competent authorities
and the Commission shall form a network ("cooperation network") to
cooperate against risks and incidents affecting network and information systems.
2.           The cooperation network
shall bring into permanent communication the Commission and the competent
authorities. When requested, the European Network and Information Security
Agency ("ENISA") shall assist the cooperation network by providing
its expertise and advice.
3.           Within the cooperation
network the competent authorities shall:
(a)         
circulate early warnings on risks and incidents
in accordance with Article 10; 
(b)         
ensure a coordinated response in accordance with
Article 11; 
(c)         
publish on a regular basis non-confidential
information on on-going early warnings and coordinated response on a common
website;
(d)         
jointly discuss and assess, at the request of
one Member State or of the Commission, one or more national NIS strategies and
national NIS cooperation plans referred to in Article 5, within the scope of
this Directive.
(e)         
jointly discuss and assess, at the request of a
Member State or the Commission, the effectiveness of the CERTs, in particular
when NIS exercises are performed at Union level;
(f)           
cooperate and exchange information on all
relevant matters with the EuropeanCybercrime Center within Europol, and with
other relevant European bodies in particular in the fields of data protection,
energy, transport, banking, stock exchanges and health;
(g)         
exchange information and best practices between
themselves and the Commission, and assist each other in building capacity on
NIS;
(h)         
organise regular peer reviews on capabilities
and preparedness;
(i)           
organise NIS exercises at Union level and
participate, as appropriate, in international NIS exercises.
4.           The Commission shall establish,
by means of implementing acts, the necessary modalities to facilitate the
cooperation between competent authorities and the Commission referred to in
paragraphs 2 and 3. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with
the consultation procedure referred to in Article 19(2).
Article 9
Secure
information-sharing system
1.           The exchange of sensitive
and confidential information within the cooperation network shall take place
through a secure infrastructure.
2.           The Commission shall be
empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 18 concerning the definition
of the criteria to be fulfilled for a Member State to be authorized to
participate to the secure information-sharing system, regarding: 
(a)         
the availability of a secure and resilient
communication and information infrastructure at national level, compatible and
interoperable with the secure infrastructure of the cooperation network in
compliance with Article 7(3), and
(b)         
the existence of adequate technical, financial
and human resources and processes for their competent authority and CERT
allowing an effective, efficient and secure participation in the secure
information-sharing system under Article 6(3), Article 7(2) and Article 7(3). 
3.           The Commission shall adopt,
by means of implementing acts, decisions on the access of the Member States to
this secure infrastructure, pursuant to the criteria referred to in paragraph 2
and 3. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the
examination procedure referred to in Article 19(3).
Article 10
Early warnings
1.           The competent authorities
or the Commission shall provide early warnings within the cooperation network
on those risks and incidents that fulfil at least one of the following
conditions:
(a)         
they grow rapidly or may grow rapidly in scale;
(b)         
they exceed or may exceed national response
capacity;
(c)         
they affect or may affect more than one Member
State.
2.           In the early warnings, the
competent authorities and the Commission shall communicate any relevant
information in their possession that may be useful for assessing the risk or
incident.
3.           At the request of a Member
State, or on its own initiative, the Commission may request a Member State to
provide any relevant information on a specific risk or incident.
4.           Where the risk or incident
subject to an early warning is of a suspected criminal nature, the competent
authorities or the Commission shall inform the European Cybercrime Centre
within Europol.
5.           The Commission shall be
empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 18, concerning the
further specification of the risks and incidents triggering early warning
referred to in paragraph 1. 
Article 11
Coordinated response
1.           Following an early warning
referred to in Article 10 the competent authorities shall, after assessing the
relevant information, agree on a coordinated response in accordance with the Union
NIS cooperation plan referred to in Article 12.
2.           The various measures
adopted at national level as a result of the coordinated response shall be
communicated to the cooperation network.
Article 12
Union
NIS cooperation plan
1.           The Commission shall be empowered
to adopt, by means of implementing acts, a Union NIS cooperation plan. Those
implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure
referred to in Article 19(3).
2.           The Union NIS cooperation
plan shall provide for:
(a)         
for the purposes of Article 10: 
–              
a definition of the format and procedures for the
collection and sharing of compatible and comparable information on risks and
incidents by the competent authorities,
–              
a definition of the procedures and the criteria
for the assessment of the risks and incidents by the cooperation network.
(b)         
the processes to be followed for the coordinated
responses under Article 11, including identification of roles and
responsibilities and cooperation procedures; 
(c)         
a roadmap for NIS exercises and training to
reinforce, validate, and test the plan;
(d)         
a programme for transfer of knowledge between
the Member States in relation to capacity building and peer learning; 
(e)         
a programme for awareness raising and training
between the Member States.
3.           The Union NIS cooperation
plan shall be adopted no later than one year following the entry into force of
this Directive and shall be revised regularly.
Article 13
International cooperation
Without
prejudice to the possibility for the cooperation network to have informal
international cooperation, the Union may conclude international agreements with
third countries or international organisations allowing and organizing their
participation in some activities of the cooperation network. Such agreement
shall take into account the need to ensure adequate protection of the personal
data circulating on the cooperation network. 
CHAPTER
IV
SECURITY
OF THE NETWORKS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS AND MARKET
OPERATORS
Article 14
Security
requirements and incident notification 
1.           Member States shall ensure
that public administrations and market operators take appropriate technical and
organisational measures to manage the risks posed to the security of the
networks and information systems which they control and use in their
operations. Having regard to the state of the art, these measures shall
guarantee a level of security appropriate to the risk presented. In particular,
measures shall be taken to prevent and minimise the impact of incidents
affecting their network and information system on the core services they
provide and thus ensure the continuity of the services underpinned by those
networks and information systems.
2.           Member States shall ensure
that public administrations and market operators notify to the competent
authority incidents having a significant impact on the security of the core
services they provide.
3.           The requirements under
paragraphs 1 and 2 apply to all market operators providing services within the
European Union. 
4.           The competent authority
may inform the public, or require the public administrations and market
operators to do so, where it determines that disclosure of the incident is in
the public interest. Once a year, the competent authority shall submit a
summary report to the cooperation network on the notifications received and the
action taken in accordance with this paragraph. 
5.           The Commission shall be
empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 18 concerning the definition
of circumstances in which public administrations and market operators are
required to notify incidents.
6.           Subject to any delegated
act adopted under paragraph 5, the competent authorities may adopt guidelines
and, where necessary, issue instructions concerning the circumstances in which public
administrations and market operators are required to notify incidents.
7.           The Commission shall be
empowered to define, by means of implementing acts, the formats and procedures
applicable for the purpose of paragraph 2. Those implementing acts shall be
adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 19(3).
8.           Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall
not apply to microenterprises as defined in Commission Recommendation
2003/361/EC of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and
medium-sized enterprises[35].
Article 15
Implementation
and enforcement 
1.           Member States shall ensure
that the competent authorities have all the powers necessary to investigate
cases of non-compliance of public administrations or market operators with
their obligations under Article 14 and the effects thereof on the security of
networks and information systems.
2.           Member States shall ensure
that the competent authorities have the power to require market operators and
public administrations to:
(a)         
provide information needed to assess the
security of their networks and information systems, including documented
security policies;
(b)         
undergo a security audit carried out by a
qualified independent body or national authority and make the results thereof available
to the competent authority. 
3.           Member States shall ensure
that competent authorities have the power to issue binding instructions to market
operators and public administrations. 
4.           The competent authorities
shall notify incidents of a suspected serious criminal nature to law
enforcement authorities.
5.           The competent authorities
shall work in close cooperation with personal data protection authorities when
addressing incidents resulting in personal data breaches.
6.           Member States shall ensure
that any obligations imposed on public administrations and market operators
under this Chapter may be subject to judicial review.
Article 16
Standardisation
1.           To
ensure convergent implementation of Article 14(1), Member States shall
encourage the use of standards and/or specifications relevant to networks and
information security. 
2.           The Commission shall draw
up, by means of implementing acts a list of the standards referred to in paragraph 1. The list shall
be published in the Official Journal of the European Union. 
CHAPTER
V
FINAL
PROVISIONS
Article 17
Sanctions
1.           Member States shall lay down
rules on sanctions applicable to infringements of the national provisions
adopted pursuant to this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to
ensure that they are implemented. The sanctions provided for must be effective,
proportionate and dissuasive. The Member States shall notify those provisions
to the Commission by the date of transposition of this Directive at the latest
and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.
2.           Member
states shall ensure that when a security incident involves personal data, the
sanctions foreseen are consistent with the sanctions provided by the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the
protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on
the free movement of such data[36].
Article 18
Exercise
of the delegation
1.           The power to adopt the
delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid
down in this Article.
2.           The power to adopt
delegated acts referred to in Articles 9(2), 10(5) and 14(5) shall be conferred
on the Commission. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the
delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five‑year
period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an
identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such
extension not later than three months before the end of each period.
3.           The delegation of powers referred
to in Articles 9(2), 10(5) and 14(5) may be revoked at any time by the European
Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the
delegation of the powers specified in that decision. It shall take effect the
day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the
European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect
the validity of any delegated act already in force.
4.           As soon as it adopts a
delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European
Parliament and to the Council.
5.           A delegated act adopted
pursuant to Articles 9(2), 10(5) and 14(5) shall enter into force only if no
objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council
within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European
Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the
European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they
will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative
of the European Parliament or of the Council.
Article 19
Committee
procedure
1.           The Commission shall be
assisted by a committee (the Network and Information Security Committee). That committee
shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.
2.           Where reference is made to
this paragraph, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
3.           Where reference is made to
this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
Article 20
Review

The Commission shall periodically review
the functioning of this Directive and report to the European Parliament and the
Council. The first report shall be submitted no later than three years after
the date of transposition referred to in Article 21. For this purpose, the
Commission may request Member States to provide information without undue
delay. 
Article 21
Transposition
4.           Member States shall adopt
and publish, by [one year and a half after adoption] at the latest, the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this
Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of such
provisions.
They shall apply those measures from [one year
and a half after adoption].
When Member States adopt those measures, they
shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference
on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine
how such reference is to be made.
5.           Member States shall
communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law
which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive. 
Article 22
Entry into force
This Directive
shall enter into force on the [twentieth] day following that of its publication
in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 23
Addressees
This Directive
is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels,
For the European Parliament                       For
the Council
The President                                                 The
President
ANNEX I
Requirements and tasks of the Computer
Emergency Response Team (CERT)
The requirements and tasks of the CERT shall be adequately and
clearly defined and supported by national policy and/or regulation. They shall
include the following elements:
(1)                   
Requirements for the CERT
(a)                   
The CERT shall ensure high availability of its
communications services by avoiding single points of failure and have several
means for being contacted and for contacting others. Furthermore, the
communication channels shall be clearly specified and well known to the
constituency and cooperative partners.
(b)                   
The CERT shall implement and manage security
measures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, availability and
authenticity of information it receives and treats.
(c)                   
The offices of the CERT and the supporting
information systems shall be located in secure sites.
(d)                   
A service management quality system shall be
created to follow-up on the performance of the CERT and ensure a steady process
of improvement. It shall be based on clearly defined metrics that include
formal service levels and key performance indicators.
(e)                   
Business continuity:
–              
The CERT shall be equipped with an appropriate
system for managing and routing requests, in order to facilitate handovers, 
–              
The CERT shall be adequately staffed to ensure
availability at all times,
–              
The CERT shall rely on an infrastructure whose
continuity is ensured. To this end, redundant systems and backup working space
shall be set up for the CERT to ensure permanent access to the means of
communication. 
(2)                   
Tasks of the CERT
(a)                   
Tasks of the CERT shall include at least the
following: 
–              
Monitoring incidents at a national level,
–              
Providing early warning, alerts, announcements
and dissemination of information to relevant stakeholders about risks and
incidents,
–              
Responding to incidents,
–              
Providing dynamic risk and incident analysis and
situational awareness,
–              
Building broad public awareness of the risks
associated with online activities,
–              
Organising campaigns on NIS;
(b)                   
The CERT shall establish cooperative
relationships with private sector.
(c)                   
To facilitate cooperation, the CERT shall
promote the adoption and use of common or standardised practises for: 
–              
incident and risk handling procedures,
–              
incident, risk and information classification
schemes,
–              
taxonomies for metrics,
–              
information exchange formats on risks,
incidents, and system naming conventions.
ANNEX II
List
of market operators
Referred
to in Article 3(8) a):
1. e-commerce platforms
2. Internet payment gateways
3. Social networks 
4. Search engines
5. Cloud computing services
6. Application stores
Referred to in Article (3(8) b):
1. Energy
–              
Electricity and gas suppliers
–              
Electricity and/or gas distribution system
operators and retailers for final consumers 
–              
Natural gas transmission system operators,
storage operators and LNG operators 
–              
Transmission system operators in electricity
–              
Oil transmission pipelines and oil storage
–              
Electricity and gas market operators
–              
Operators of oil and natural gas
production, refining and treatment facilities
2. Transport 
–              
Air carriers (freight and passenger air
transport)
–              
Maritime carriers (sea and coastal passenger
water transport companies and sea and coastal freight water transport
companies)
–              
Railways (infrastructure managers, integrated
companies and railway transport operators) 
–              
Airports 
–              
Ports
–              
Traffic management control operators
–              
Auxiliary logistics services (a) warehousing and
storage, b) cargo handling and c) other transportation support activities) 
3. Banking: credit institutions in
accordance with Article 4.1 of Directive 2006/48/CE. 
4. Financial market infrastructures: stock
exchanges and central counterparty clearing houses
5. Health
sector: health care settings (including hospitals and private clinics) and
other entities involved in health care provisions
LEGISLATIVE
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
1.           FRAMEWORK OF THE PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE 
              1.1.    Title of the proposal/initiative 
              1.2.    Policy
area(s) concerned in the ABM/ABB structure
              1.3.    Nature
of the proposal/initiative 
              1.4.    Objectives

              1.5.    Grounds
for the proposal/initiative 
              1.6.    Duration
and financial impact 
              1.7.    Management
method(s) envisaged 
2.           MANAGEMENT MEASURES 
              2.1.    Monitoring
and reporting rules 
              2.2.    Management
and control system 
              2.3.    Measures
to prevent fraud and irregularities 
3.           ESTIMATED FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THE
PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE 
              3.1.    Heading(s)
of the multiannual financial framework and expenditure budget line(s) affected 
              3.2.    Estimated
impact on expenditure 
              3.2.1. Summary of
estimated impact on expenditure 
              3.2.2. Estimated impact
on operational appropriations 
              3.2.3. Estimated impact
on appropriations of an administrative nature
              3.2.4. Compatibility
with the current multiannual financial framework
              3.2.5. Third-party contributions

              3.3.    Estimated impact on revenue
LEGISLATIVE FINANCIAL STATEMENT
1.           FRAMEWORK OF THE PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE 
1.1.        Title of the
proposal/initiative 
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the
Council concerning measures to ensure a high level of network and information
security across the Union.
1.2.        Policy area concerned in
the ABM/ABB structure[37] 
- 09 – Communications Networks, Content and Technology
1.3.        Nature of the
proposal/initiative 
ý The
proposal/initiative relates to a new action 
¨ The
proposal/initiative relates to a new action following a pilot
project/preparatory action[38] 
¨ The
proposal/initiative relates to the extension of an existing action 
¨ The
proposal/initiative relates to an action redirected towards a new action 
1.4.        Objectives
1.4.1.     The Commission's
multiannual strategic objective(s) targeted by the proposal/initiative 
The aim of the proposed Directive is to ensure a high common level
of network and information security (NIS) across the EU. 
1.4.2.     Specific objectives and
ABM/ABB activities concerned 
The proposal lays down measures to ensure a high common level of
network and information systems security across the Union.
The specific objectives are: 
1.       To put in place a minimum level of NIS in the Member States
and thus increase the overall level of preparedness and response. 
2.       To improve cooperation on NIS at EU level with a view to
counter cross border incidents and threats effectively. A secure
information-sharing infrastructure will be put in place to allow for the
exchange of sensitive and confidential information among the competent
authorities.
3.       To create a culture of risk management and improve the sharing
of information between the private and public sectors. 
ABM/ABB activities concerned
The Directive covers entities (companies and organisations,
including some SMEs) in a number of sectors (energy, transport, credit
institutions and stock exchanges, healthcare and enablers of key Internet
services) as well as public administrations. It addresses links with law
enforcement and data protection and NIS aspects of external relations.
- 09 – Communications Networks, Content and Technology
- 02 - Enterprise
- 32 - Energy
- 06 - Mobility and Transport
- 17 - Health and consumer protection
- 18 – Home affairs
- 19 – External relations
- 33 - Justice
- 12- Internal market
1.4.3.     Expected result(s) and
impact
Specify the effects
which the proposal/initiative should have on the beneficiaries/groups targeted.
The protection of EU consumers, business and Governments against NIS
incidents, threats and risks would improve considerably.
Further details can be found in Section 8.2 (Impact of Option 2 –
Regulatory approach) of the Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment
accompanying this legislative proposal. 
1.4.4.     Indicators of results and
impact 
Specify the
indicators for monitoring implementation of the proposal/initiative.
The indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation can be found in Section
10 of the Impact Assessment. 
1.5.        Grounds for the
proposal/initiative 
1.5.1.     Requirements to be met in
the short or long term 
Each Member State would be required to have:
- a national NIS strategy;
- a NIS cooperation plan;
- a NIS competent national authority; and
- a Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT)
At EU level, the Member States would be required to cooperate via a
network. 
Public administrations and key private players would be required to
carry out NIS risk management and to report to the competent authorities NIS
incidents with a significant impact. 
1.5.2.     Added value of EU
involvement
Considering the cross-border nature of NIS, divergences in relevant
legislation and policy represent a barrier for companies to operate in multiple
countries and to the achievement of global economies of scale. Lack of
intervention at EU level would lead to a situation where each Member State
would act alone disregarding the interdependences amongst network and information
systems. 
The stated objectives can hence be better achieved via EU level
action, rather than by the Member States alone.
1.5.3.     Lessons learned from
similar experiences in the past
The proposal stems from the analysis that regulatory obligations are
needed to create a level playing field and close some legislative loopholes. In
this field, a purely voluntarily approach has resulted in cooperation taking
place only amongst a minority of Member States with a high level of
capabilities. 
1.5.4.     Compatibility and possible
synergy with other appropriate instruments
The proposal is fully consistent with the Digital Agenda for Europe
and therefore with the EU2020 Strategy. It is also consistent with and
complements the EU electronic communications regulatory framework, the EU
Directive on European Critical Infrastructure and the EU data protection
Directive.
The proposal accompanies and is an essential part of the
Communication of the Commission and the High Representative of the Union for
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on the European Cybersecurity Strategy.
1.6.        Duration and financial
impact 
–     
¨ Proposal/initiative of limited duration 
–     
¨  Proposal/initiative in effect from [DD/MM]YYYY to [DD/MM]YYYY 
–     
¨  Financial impact from YYYY to YYYY 
–     
ý Proposal/initiative of unlimited duration
–     
Transposition period will start immediately
after adoption (esimated in 2015) and run for 18 months. Implementation of the
Directive will, however, start after adoption and will entail setting up the
secure infrastructure that will support Member State cooperation.
–     
followed by full-scale operation.
1.7.        Management modes envisaged[39] 
–     
ý Centralised direct management by the Commission 
–     
ý Centralised indirect management with the delegation of
implementation tasks to:
–     
¨executive agencies 
–     
x bodies set up by the Communities[40]

–     
¨  national public-sector bodies/bodies with public-service mission 
–     
¨  persons entrusted with the implementation of specific actions
pursuant to Title V of the Treaty on European Union and identified in the
relevant basic act within the meaning of Article 49 of the Financial Regulation

–     
¨ Shared management with the Member States 
–     
¨ Decentralised management with third countries 
–     
¨ Joint management with international organisations, including the
European Space Agency
If more than one
management mode is indicated, please provide details in the
"Comments" section.
Comments: 
ENISA, a decentralised Agency created by the Communities, may assist
the Member States and the Commission in the implementation of the Directive on
the basis of its mandate and by the redeploiment of resources foreseen under
the MFF 2014-2020 for this agency.
2.           MANAGEMENT MEASURES 
2.1.        Monitoring and reporting
rules 
Specify frequency
and conditions.
The Commission willl periodically review the functioning of the
Directive and report to the European Parliament and the Council. 
The Commission will also assess the correct transposition of the
Directive by the Member States.
The CEF proposal also provides for the possibility to undertake an
evaluation of the methods of carrying out projects as well as the impact of
their implementation, in order to assess whether the objectives, including
those relating to environmental protection, have been attained.
2.2.        Management and control
system 
2.2.1.     Risk identified 
- project implementation delays in building the secure
infrastructure
2.2.2.     Control methods envisaged 
The agreements and decisions for implementing the actions under CEF
will provide for supervision and financial control by the Commission, or any
representative authorised by the Commission, as well as audits by the Court of
Auditors and on-the-spot checks carried out by the European Anti-Fraud Office
(OLAF).
2.2.3.     Costs and benefits of
controls and probable non-compliance rate
Risk based ex-ante and ex-post controls and the possibility of
on-site audits will ensure that the costs of the controls are reasonable. 
2.3.        Measures to prevent fraud
and irregularities 
Specify existing or
envisaged prevention and protection measures.
The Commission shall take appropriate measures ensuring that when
the action financed under this Directive is implemented, the financial
interests of the Union are protected by the application of preventive measures
against fraud, corruption and any other illegal activities by effective checks
and, if irregularities are detected, by the recovery of the amounts wrongly
paid and, where appropriate, by effective, proportionate and deterrent
penalties.
The Commission or its representatives and the Court of Auditors
shall have the power of audit, on the basis of documents and on-the-spot, over
all grant beneficiaries, contractors and subcontractors who have received Union
funds under the Programme.
The European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF) may carry out on-the-spot
checks and inspections on economic operators concerned directly or indirectly
by such funding in accordance with the procedures laid down in Regulation
(Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 with a view to establishing whether there has
been fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial
interests of the Union in connection with a grant agreement or grant decision
or a contract concerning Union funding.
Without prejudice to the paragraphs above, cooperation agreements
with third countries and international organisations and grant agreements and
grant decisions and contracts resulting from the implementation of this
Regulation shall expressly empower the Commission, the Court of Auditors and OLAF to conduct such audits, on-the-spot checks and
inspections. 
The CEF provides for contracts for grants and procurement to be
based on standard models, which will set out the generally applicable
anti-fraud measures.
3.           ESTIMATED FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THE
PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE 
3.1.        Heading(s) of the
multiannual financial framework and expenditure budget line(s) affected 
·      Existing budget lines 
In order of
multiannual financial framework headings and budget lines.
 Heading of multiannual financial framework || Budget line || Type of expenditure || Contribution 
 Number [Description………………………...……….] || Diff./non-diff. ([41])   || from EFTA countries[42]   || from candidate countries[43]   || from third countries || within the meaning of Article 18(1)(aa) of the Financial Regulation 
   || 09 03 02          To promote the interconnection and interoperability of national public services on-line as well as access to such networks || Diff. || NO || NO || NO || NO 
·      New budget lines requested (Not applicable)
In order of multiannual financial framework
headings and budget lines.
 Heading of multiannual financial framework || Budget line || Type of expenditure || Contribution 
 Number [Heading……………………………………..] || Diff./non-diff. || from EFTA countries || from candidate countries || from third countries || within the meaning of Article 18(1)(aa) of the Financial Regulation 
   || [XX.YY.YY.YY]   ||   || YES/NO || YES/NO || YES/NO || YES/NO 
3.2.        Estimated impact on
expenditure 
3.2.1.     Summary of estimated impact
on expenditure 
EUR million (to three decimal places)
 Heading of multiannual financial framework: || 1 || Smart and inclusive Growth 
 DG: <…….> ||   ||   || 2015*[44] || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond || TOTAL 
  Operational appropriations ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 09 03 02 || Commitments || (1) || 1.250** || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Payments || (2) || 0.750 || 0.250 || 0.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope of specific programmes[45]   || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 0.000 
 Number of budget line ||   || (3) || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 0.000 
 TOTAL appropriations for DG <…….> || Commitments || =1+1a +3 || 1.250 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Payments || =2+2a +3 || 0.750 || 0.250 || 0.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
  TOTAL operational appropriations || Commitments || (4) || 1.250 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Payments || (5) || 0.750 || 0.250 || 0.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
  TOTAL appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope for specific programmes || (6) || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 TOTAL appropriations under HEADING 1 of the multiannual financial framework || Commitments || =4+ 6 || 1.250 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Payments || =5+ 6 || 0.750 || 0.250 || 0.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
* The exact timing will depend on the date
of adoption of the proposal by the Legislative Authority (i.e., if the
Directive will be approved in the course of 2014, the adaptation of an existing
infrastructure would start in 2015, otherwise one year later).
** If Member States choose to use an
existing infrastructure and to cover the one-off adaptation cost under the EU
budget, as explained under 1.4.3 and 1.7, the cost for the customisation of a
network to support cooperation between Member States, according to Chapter III
of the Directive (early warning, coordinated response etc.) is estimated to be
1 250 000 EUR. This amount is slightly higher than the one mentioned in the
Impact Assessment ("about 1 million EUR") as it is based on a more
precise estimate of the necessary building blocks for such an infrastructure. The
necessary building blocks and their related costs are based on an estimation of
the JRC, based on its experience in developing similar systems for other areas
like public health, and would comprise the following: a Rapid Alerting and
Notification System for NIS (275 000 EUR); an Information Exchange Platform (400
000 EUR); an Early Warning and Response System (275 000 EUR); a Situation Room
(300 000 EUR) for a total of 1 250 000 EUR. A more detailed implementation plan
is expected in the forthcoming feasibility study under specific contract SMART
2012/0010: 'Feasibility study and preparatory activities for the implementation
of a European early warning and response system against cyber-attacks and
disruptions'.
If more than one heading is affected by the proposal /
initiative:              
  TOTAL operational appropriations || Commitments || (4) || 0.000 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Payments || (5) || 0.000 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
  TOTAL appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope for specific programmes || (6) || 0.000 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 TOTAL appropriations under HEADINGS 1 to 4 of the multiannual financial framework (Reference amount) || Commitments || =4+ 6 || 1.250 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Payments || =5+ 6 || 0.750 || 0.250 || 0.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
 Heading of multiannual financial framework || 5 || ‘Administrative expenditure’ 
EUR million (to three decimal places)
   ||   ||   || Year 2015 || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond || TOTAL 
 DG:CNECT || 
  Human resources || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 4.004 
  Other administrative expenditure || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.118 || 1.426 
 TOTAL DG CNECT || Appropriations || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 5.430 
 TOTAL appropriations for HEADING 5 of the multiannual financial framework || (Total commitments = Total payments) || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 5.430 
EUR million (to three decimal places)
   ||   ||   || Year 2015[46] || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond || TOTAL 
 TOTAL appropriations under HEADINGS 1 to 5 of the multiannual financial framework || Commitments || 2.140 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 6.680 
 Payments || 1.640 || 0.940 || 1.140 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 6.680 
3.2.2.     Estimated impact on
operational appropriations 
–     
¨ The proposal/initiative does not require the use of operational
appropriations 
–     
þ The proposal/initiative requires the use of operational
appropriations, as explained below:
–     
Commitment appropriations
in EUR million (to three decimal places)
 Indicate objectives and outputs   ò ||   ||   || Year 2015* || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond || TOTAL 
 OUTPUTS 
 Type[47]   || Average cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Number || Cost || Total number || Total cost 
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE NO 2[48] Secure information sharing infrastructure ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 - Output || Adapt infrastructure ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Subtotal for specific objective No 2 || 1 || 1.250** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1 || 1.250 
 TOTAL COST ||   || 1.250 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 1.250 
* The exact timing will depend on the date of adoption of the
proposal by the Legislative Authority (i.e., if the Directive will be approved
in the course of 2014, the adaptation of an existing infrastructure would start
in 2015, otherwise one year later).
** See point 3.2.1
3.2.3.     Estimated impact on
appropriations of an administrative nature
3.2.3.1.  Summary 
–     
¨  The proposal/initiative does not require the use of administrative
appropriations 
–     
þ  The proposal/initiative requires the use of administrative
appropriations, as explained below:
EUR million (to three decimal places)
   || Year 2015[49]   || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond || TOTAL 
 HEADING 5 of the multiannual financial framework ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Human resources || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 0.572 || 4.004 
 Other administrative expenditure || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.318 || 0.118 || 0.118 || 1.426 
 Subtotal HEADING 5 of the multiannual financial framework || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 5.430 
 Outside HEADING 5[50] of the multiannual financial framework   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Human resources || 0.000 || 0.000 ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   || 0.000 
 Other expenditure of an administrative nature ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Subtotal outside HEADING 5 of the multiannual financial framework || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 5.430 
 TOTAL || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.890 || 0.690 || 0.690 || 5.430 
The administrative appropriations required
will be met by the appropriations of the DG CNECT which are already assigned to
management of the action and/or which have been redeployed within the DG,
together if necessary with any additional allocation which may be granted to
the managing DG under the annual allocation procedure and in the light of
budgetary constraints.
The European Network Security Agency (ENISA)
might assist the member States and the Commission in the implementation of the
Directive on the basis of its mandate and by redeployment of resources under
MFF 2014-2020 for this agency, i.e, without any additional budgetary or human
resourses allocations.
3.2.3.2.  Estimated requirements of
human resources 
–     
¨  The proposal/initiative does not require the use of human
resources 
–     
þ  The proposal/initiative requires the use of Commission human
resources, as explained below:
In principle no additional manpower would be
needed. The human resources required will be very limited and will be met by
staff from the DG who are already assigned to the management of the action.
Estimate to be expressed in full amounts
(or at most to one decimal place)
   || Year 2015 || Year 2016 || Year 2017 || Year 2018 || Subsequent years (2019-2021) and beyond 
  Establishment plan posts (officials and temporary agents) 
 09 01 01 01 (Headquarters and Commission’s Representation Offices) || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 
 XX 01 01 02 (Delegations) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 XX 01 05 01 (Indirect research) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 10 01 05 01 (Direct research) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
  External personnel (in Full Time Equivalent unit: FTE)[51] 
 09 01 02 01 (CA, INT, SNE from the "global envelope") || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 
 XX 01 02 02 (CA, INT, JED, LA and SNE in the delegations) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 XX 01 04 yy [52] || - at Headquarters[53] ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 - in delegations ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 XX 01 05 02 (CA, INT, SNE - Indirect research) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 10 01 05 02 (CA, INT, SNE - Direct research) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 Other budget lines (specify) ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   
 TOTAL || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 
XX is the policy area or budget title
concerned.
The human resources
required will be met by staff from the DG CNECT who are already assigned to
management of the action and/or have been redeployed within the DG, together if
necessary with any additional allocation which may be granted to the managing
DG under the annual allocation procedure and in the light of budgetary
constraints.
The European Network Security Agency (ENISA)
might assist the member States and the Commission in the implementation of the
Directive on the basis of its current mandate and by redeployment of resources
under MFF 2014-2020 for this agency, i.e, without any additional budgetary or
human resources allocations.
Description of
tasks to be carried out:
 Officials and temporary staff || - Preparation of delegated acts according to Article 14 (3)                                                      - Preparation of implementing acts according to Articles 8, 9 (2), 12, 14 (5), 16 - Contribute to cooperation via the network both at policy and operational level. - Engage in international talks and possibly conclusion of international agreements 
 External staff || Support to all above tasks as necessary. 
3.2.4.     Compatibility with the
current multiannual financial framework 
–     
þ  Proposal/initiative is compatible the current multiannual
financial framework.
–     
¨  Proposal/initiative will entail reprogramming of the relevant
heading in the multiannual financial framework.
The estimated financial impact on operational expenditure of the
proposal will incur if the Member States choose to adapt an existing
infrastructure and task the Commission to implement the adaptation of it under
the MFF 2014-2020. The related one-off cost would be covered under CEF on
condition that sufficient funds are available. Alternatively Member States can
either share the costs of the adaptation of the infrastructure or the costs of
the setting up of a new infrastructure.
–     
¨  Proposal/initiative requires application of the flexibility
instrument or revision of the multiannual financial framework[54].
Not applicable.
3.2.5.     Third-party contributions 
–     
The proposal/initiative does not provide for
co-financing by third parties. 
3.3.        Estimated impact on
revenue 
–      þ  Proposal/initiative
has no financial impact on revenue. 
[1]               The online public consultation on ‘Improving network
and information security in the EU’ ran from 23 July to 15 October 2012.
[2]               Eurobarometer 390/2012.
[3]               COM(2001) 298.
[4]               COM(2006) 251 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/com2006_0251en01.pdf.
[5]               2007/068/01.
[6]               COM(2009) 149.
[7]               2009/C 321/01.
[8]               COM(2010) 245.
[9]               Council Conclusions of 31 May 2010 on the Digital
Agenda for Europe (10130/10).
[10]             COM(2010) 2020 and Conclusions of the European Council
of 25/26 March 2010 (EUCO 7/10).
[11]             COM(2011) 163.
[12]             http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=­CELEX:32004R0460:EN:HTML.
[13]             COM(2010) 521.
[14]             See http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/doc/library/regframeforec_dec2009.pdf.
[15]             Articles 13a and 13b of the Framework Directive.
[16]             Directive 2002/58 of 12 July 2002.
[17]             COM(2012) 11.
[18]             COM(2006) 786 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/com2006_0786en01.pdf.
[19]             COM(2010) 517,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?        
uri=COM:2010:0517:FIN:EN:PDF.
[20]             COM(2012) 140
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?         
uri=COM:2012:0140:FIN:EN:PDF.
[21]             http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-10-597_en.htm.
[22]             http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/public-private-partnership/european-public-private-partnership-for-resilience-ep3r.
[23]             Regulation (EC) No 460/2004 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 10 March 2004 establishing the European Network and
Information Security Agency (OJ L 077, 13/03/2004, p. 1).
[24]               OJ C […], […], p. […].
[25]               OJ L 108, 24.4.2002, p. 33.
[26]               OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p. 37.
[27]               OJ L 204, 21.7.1998, p. 37.
[28]               SEC(2012) 72 final
[29]               OJ L 316, 14.11.2012, p. 12.
[30]               OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p.13.
[31]               OJ L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 43.
[32]               OJ L 345, 23.12.2008, p. 75.
[33]             OJ L 281 , 23/11/1995 p. 31.
[34]             SEC(2012) 72 final.
[35]             OJ L
124, 20.5.2003, p. 36.
[36]             SEC(2012) 72 final
[37]             ABM: Activity-Based Management – ABB: Activity-Based
Budgeting.
[38]             As referred to in Article 49(6)(a) or (b) of the
Financial Regulation.
[39]             Details of management modes
and references to the Financial Regulation may be found on the BudgWeb site: http://www.cc.cec/budg/man/budgmanag/budgmanag_en.htmlhttp://www.cc.cec/budg/man/budgmanag/budgmanag_en.html
[40]             As referred to in Article 185 of the Financial
Regulation.
[41]             Diff. = Differentiated appropriations / Non-Diff. =
Non-differentiated appropriations.
[42]             EFTA: European Free Trade Association. 
[43]             Candidate countries and, where applicable, potential
candidate countries from the Western Balkans.
[44]             Year N is the year in which implementation of the
proposal/initiative starts.
[45]             Technical and/or administrative assistance and expenditure
in support of the implementation of EU programmes and/or actions (former ‘BA’
lines), indirect research, direct research.
[46]             Year N is the year in which implementation of the
proposal/initiative starts.
[47]             Outputs are products and services to be supplied (e.g.:
number of student exchanges financed, number of km of roads built, etc.).
[48]             As described in point 1.4.2. ‘Specific objective(s)…’ 
[49]             Year N is the year in which implementation of the
proposal/initiative starts.
[50]             Technical and/or administrative assistance and
expenditure in support of the implementation of EU programmes and/or actions
(former ‘BA’ lines), indirect research, direct research.
[51]             CA= Contract Agent; INT= agency staff ("Intérimaire");
JED= "Jeune Expert en Délégation" (Young Experts in
Delegations); LA= Local Agent; SNE= Seconded National Expert; 
[52]             Under
the ceiling for external personnel from operational
appropriations (former "BA" lines).
[53]             Essentially for Structural Funds, European Agricultural
Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and European Fisheries Fund (EFF).
[54]             See points 19 and 24 of the Interinstitutional
Agreement.