CELEX: 51988PC0017
Language: en
Date: 1988-01-22
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Community-COST Concertation Agreement on seven concerted action projects in the field of environment (presented by the Commission)

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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (88) 17
Vol. 1988/0004
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                COM(88 ) 17 final
                                                Brussels , 22 January 1988
                              Proposai for a
                             COUNCIL DECISION
 concerning the conclusion of a Community-COST Concertation Agreement
    on seven concerted action projects in the field of environment
                     ( presented by the Commission )
 ---pagebreak---                                         2                               βΰΎΛ ΑΊ
                  COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL
Subject :   Proposal for a Council Decision concerning the conclusion of a
            Community-COST Concertation Agreement on seven concerted action
            projects in the field of environment .
1.  Pursuant to Council Decision 84 / 639/ EEC of 10 December 1984, a
    Community-COST Concertation Agreement on five concerted action projects in
    the field of the environment has been concluded between the Community and
    some COST States .     The research carried out under this Agreement , which
    expired on 31 December 1985 , has produced very encouraging results .
2.  By its Decision 86 / 234 / EEC of 10 June 1986 ,         the Council adopted
    multiannual R & D programmes in the field of the environment ( 1986 to
    1990 ), covering among others , a programme on protection of the environment
    which includes the implementation of some concerted action projects .
    Article 6 of this Decision , authorises the Commission to negotiate
    agreements with third States , in particular those involved in European
    coooperation in the field of scientific and technical research ( COST ) with
    a view to associating them wholly or partly with these programmes .
3.  As some third COST States expressed their interest to participate in some
    of the above mentioned concerted action projects , the Commission has
    negotiated a draft Community-COST concertation agreement on the following
    seven action projects :
    1 . Physi co-chemi cal behaviour of atmospheric pollutants , ( COST 611 / 2 );
    2 . Air-pollution effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ,
        ( C0ST612 / 2 ) ;
    3 . Organic mi cropol lutants in the aquatic environment , ( COST 641 / 2 );
    4 . Treatment and use of organic sludges and liquid agricultural wastes ,
        ( COST 681 / 2 );
    5 . Coastal benthic ecology , ( COST 647 / 2 );
    6 . Indoor-air quality and its impact on man , ( COST 613 / 1 );
    7 . Protection of species , ( COST 691 / 1 ).
4.  This draft agreement , which is annexed to the attached proposal for a
    Council Decision , lays down that :
    - Concertation Committees for each project shall be set up .                 These
       Committees shall carry the status of ad-hoc Working Parties of the CGC
       on Environment and Climatology
    - Concertation between the Community concerted action projects and the
       corresponding programmes of third States shall be effected through these
       Committees , secretarial services for which will be provided by the
       Commission
    - Financial contribution of each third State to each of the concerted
       action projects in which it participates amounts to one-twelfth of the
       Community contribution to the project , i.e. 12,000 ECU per project and
       per year .
5.  The following third States bave already expressed their willingness to
    participate in one or more of thè seven concerted action projects : Norway
     Sweden and Switzerland .
6.   The Commission hereby requests the Council to adopt the attached draft
    decision .
 ---pagebreak---                                          3
                                      Proposai for a
                                     COUNCIL DECISION
concerning the conclusion of a Communi ty-COST Concertation Agreement on seven
concertée! action projects in the field of environment .
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community ,       and
in particular Article 235 thereof ,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament ,
Whereas , by its Decision 86 / 234 / EEC ( 1 ) the Council adopted multiannual R & D
programmes in the field of the environment ( 1986 - 1990 ); whereas , pursuant to
Article 6 of that Decision , the Commission has negotiated an Agreement with
some third States involved in European cooperation in the field of scientific
and technical research ( COST ) with a view to associating them wholly or partly
with this programme ,
Whereas the Treaty has not provided the specific powers necessary for the
adoption of this Decision ,
HAS DECIDED AS F0LL0WS :
                                       Article 1
The Community-COST Concertation Agreement on seven concerted action projeets
in thè field of environment is hereby approved on behalf of thè European
Economie Community .
The text of the Agreement is attached hereto :
                                       Article 2
The President     of the Council is hereby authorized to designate       the persons
empowered to sign the Agreement in order to bind the Community .
Done at
                                                            For the Council
                                                            The President
( 1 ) 0J n° L159 , 14.6.86 , p. 31
 ---pagebreak---                                            - 4 -
                       COMMUNITY-COST CONCERTATION AGREEMENT ON
                             SEVEN CONCERTED ACTION PROJECTS
                                IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT .
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY , hereinafter referred to as " the Community ",
THE SIGNATORY STATES TO THIS AGREEMENT,              hereinafter referred to as " the
participating Non-Member States ",
both hereinafter referred to as " the Contracting Parties "
whereas European cooperation in the field of environment is likely to
contribute effectively to the protection of the environment and to a more
economic use of natural resources ;
whereas a Community-COST concertation Agreement on five concerted action
projets in the field of environment , approved by the Council of the European
Communities on 10 December 1984 , was concluded between the Community and some
COST States and expired on 31 December 1985 ;
whereas the abovementioned            concerted  action projects  have  produced very
encouraging results ;
whereas , by its Decision of 10 June 1986 , the Council of the European
Communities adopted multiannual R&D programmes in the field of the environment
( 1986 to 1990 ) ( 1 ), covering , among others , a programme on protection of the
environment which includes the implementation of concerted action projects ;
whereas the Member States of the Community and the participating Non-Member
States , hereinafter referred jointly to as " the States ", intend , subject to
the rules and procedures applicable to their national programmes , to carry out
the research described in Annex A and are prepared to integrate such research
into a process of concertation which they consider will be of mutual benefit ;
HAVE AGREED AS F0LL0WS :
 ( 1 ) G .TV     14 / 6 / 1986 , p. 31
 ---pagebreak--- Article 1
The Contracting Parties , shall participate for a period extending until 31
December 1990 in one or more of the following concerted action projects :
1.   Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants , ( COST 611 / 2 );
2.   Air-pollution effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems , ( COST 612 / 2 );
3.   Organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment , ( COST 641 / 2 );
4.   Treatment and use of organic sludges and liquid agricultural wastes , ( COST
     681 / 2 );
5 . Coastal benthic ecology , ( COST 647 / 2 );
6 - Indoor-air quality and its impact on man , ( COST 613 / 1 );
7 . Protection of species , ( COST 691 / 1 ).
These projects shall consist in concertation between the Community concerted
action projects and the corresponding programmes of the participating
Non-Member States .        Research topics covered by this Agreement are listed in
Annex A.
The States shall remain entirely responsible for the research carried out by
their national institutions or bodies .
Article 2
Concertation between the Contracting Parties shall be effected through
Concertation Committees , one for each project , hereinafter referred to as " the
Committees ". The Committees shall formally carry the status of ad-hoc Working
Parties of the Management and Coordination Advisory Committee on the
Environment and Climatology , set up by the Council Decision of 29 June 1984
( 2 ) hereinafter referred to as the " CGC ".
The terms of reference and the composition of these Committees are defined in
Annex B.
Article 3
In order to ensure optimum efficiency in the execution of these concerted
action projects , project leaders may be appointed by the Commission of the
European Communities ,         hereinafter referred to as " the Commission ",      in
agreement with the Committees .
( 2 ) OJ N “ L177, 4 / 7/ 1984, p. 25
 ---pagebreak---                                         - 6 -
Artide 4
The estimated financial contributions by the Contracting Parties to the
coordination costs for the period referred to in the first paragraph of
Article 1 shall be :
- Project C0ST 611 / 2 :
     720 000 ECU  from the Community ,
      60 000 ECU  from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project C0ST 612 / 2 :
     720 000 ECU from the Community ,
      60 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project C0ST 641 / 2 :
     720 000 ECU from the Community,
      60 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project C0ST 681 / 2 :
     720 000 ECU from the Community ,
      60 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project COST 647 / 2 :
     720 000 ECU from the Community,
      60 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project COST 613 / 1 :
     432 000 ECU from the Community ,
      36 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
- Project COST 691 / 1 :
    432 000 ECU from the Community ,
      36 000 ECU from each participating Non-Member State ;
The ECU is that defined by the Council Régulation 3180 / 78 ( 1 ).
The rules governing the financing of tl e Agreement are set out in Annex C.
Article 5
1 . Through the Committees , the States shall exchange regularly all useful
      information resulting from the execution of the research covered by the
      concerted action projects . They shall also endeavour to provide
      information on similar research planned or carried out by other bodies .
      Any information shall be treated as confidential if the State which
      provides it so requests .
2 . The scientific results of the concerted action projects shall be published
      by the Commission , except those which are declared conf idential .
 ( 1 ) O.J. 1379 of 30.12.78 p.1
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 7 -
3 . In agreement with the Commi ttees , the Commission shall préparé annual
    activity reports on the basis of the information supplied and shall forward
    them to the States .
4 . At the end of the concertation period , the Commission shall , in agreement
    with the Committees , forward to the States the general reports on the
    execution and results of the projects . With the agreement of the
    Committees , these reports may be published by the Commission .
Article 6
1 . This Agreement shall be open for signature by the Community and by the
    participating Non-Member States which took part in the ministerial
    conférence held in Brussels on 22 and 23 November 1971 ;
2 . As a condition precedent to its participation in the concerted action
    projects defined in Article 1 , each of the Contracting Parties shall , when
    signing this Agreement , have notified the Secretary-General of the Council
    of the European Communities of the concerted action projects in which it
    intends to participate and , after signing this Agreement , have notified the
    Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities of the
    completion of the procedures necessary under its internal provisions for
    the implementation of this Agreement .
3 . For the Contracting Parties which transmit the tatter notification provided
    for in the paragraph 2 , this Agreement shall come into force on the first
    day of the month following that in which the Community and at least one of
    the participating Non-Member States transmitted these notifications .
    For those Contracting Parties which transmit the notification after the
    entry into force of this Agreement , it shall come into force on the first
    day of the second month following the month in which the notification was
    transmitted .
    Contracting Parties which have not transmitted this notification when this
    Agreement comes into force shall be able to take part in the work of the
    Committees without voting rights .
4 . The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall
    inform each of the Contracting Parties of the notifications made pursuant
    to paragraph 2 and of the date of entry into force of the Agreement .
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 8 -
Article 7
This Agreement shall apply x on the one hand , to the territories in which the
Treaty establing the European Economic Community is applied and under the
conditions laid down    in that Treaty and / on the other hand / to the territories
of the participating Non-Member States .
Article 8
This Agreement , drawn up in a single original in the Danish , Dutch , English ,
French , German , Greek , Italian , Portuguese and Spanish languag.-s , each text
being equally authentic , shall be deposited in the archives of the General
Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities which shall transmit a
certified copy to each of the Contracting Parties .
 ---pagebreak---                                                 - 9 -
                                               ANNEX A
                         RESEARCH TOPICS COVERED BY THE AGREEMENT
1 . Phys ico-Chemi cal Behaviour of Atmospheric Foliotants, ( COST 611 /2)
    ( a ) Improvement and standardization of analytical methods , especially for
          nitrogen oxides , hydrocarbons and photochemical oxidants .
    ( b ) Elucidation of mechanisms and rate constants of the reactions between
          atmospheric pollutants and of their reactions with natural constituents
          of the atmosphere ,       in particular in the aqueous state , including
          oxidation and degradation chemistry of selected atmospheric pollutants
          in fresh and sea water , reactions with soil constituents , and the
          investigation of catalytic processes in cloud and rainwater chemistry .
    ( c ) Investigation of thè physico-chemical processes leading to thè
          formation of particles , characterization of thè Chemical and physical
          nature of very fine aerosols , and determination of thè Chemical
          composition of aerosols .
    (d )   Identification and quantification of sources and sinks of various
          pollutants , especially for nitrogen oxides .
    ( e ) Investigation of phenomena leading to acid deposition with particular
          emphasis on :
          - conversion , transport and déposition (dry and wet ) of SO^, NO and
            aérosol particles ,                                            x
          - analysis of précipitation chemistry data for acidity trends ,
          - NO chemistry in cloud droplets and chemical composition of cloud and
            rain water ,
          - dry déposition of NO and HNO,,
          - the rôle of oxidizing agents like OH , H0_,
              I _ ■ _  I  _ . • _ I    _ _ _ •      <• _ • _ w I
          - physico-chemical conversion of air pollutants after deposition ,
            considering water bodies and soil ,
          - analytical techniques for the measurement of ammonia , nitric acid and
            hydrogen peroxide in both gas and liquid phase at low concentrations ,
          - analytical methods for the détermination of acidity of aérosols .
    ( f ) Modelling of atmospheric chemistry related to photochemical pollution
          and acid deposition ; coordination between data-producing teams and
          mathematicians for the quantification of source-receptor relationships
          with emphasis on modelling of emissions , transformation , transport and
          deposition of precursors and reaction products .
    ( g ) Elaboration of test protocols which permit the prédiction of abiotic
          degradabi lity of Chemicals , in particular for persistent compounds .
 ---pagebreak---                                            - 10 -
2 . Air Pollution Effects on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, ( COST 612/ 2)
    (a ) Direct effect of air pollutants , ( SC^, N0X, HCl , ozone , photochemical
          oxidants and their atmospheric           reaction  products ) on  plants  and
          terrestrial ecosystems .
    (b)    Indirect effects of such air pollutants on plants and terrestrial
          ecosystems , e.g. via the acidification of soil and the mobilization of
          phytotoxic elements .
    ( c ) Links between the effects of air pollutants and other factors involved
          in the observed phenomenon of severely damaged terrestrial ecosystems ,
          in particular forests , such as drought , plant diseases , fungi and
          pests .
    ( d ) Effects of air pollutants and their reaction products on crop plants ,
          in particular reduced productivity .
    ( e ) Effects of air pollutants and their reaction products on aquatic
          ecosystems ( reduction of the population of fish and other aquatic
          organisms due to acidification and mobilization of trade elements ).
3 . Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environnent , ( COST 641 / 2)
    ( a ) Analytical méthodologies and data treatment :
          - Basic analytical techniques , including sampling and sample treatment ,
            gas chromatography ,        high pressure liquid chromatography ,      mass
            spectrometry ,
          - Specific analytical problems , in particular analysis of selected
            classes of compounds , such as those likely to be regulated by Council
             Directive 76 / 464 / EEC ,   chlorinated paraffins ,   tensides , optical
            brighteners , organo-metal li c and organo-phosphorus compounds ,
          - Collection and treatment of analytical data .
    ( b ) Physical / chemical behaviour of organic micropollutants in the aquatic
          environment :
          - Distribution and transport mechanisms ,
          - structure / activity relationship ,
          - bioavai labi lity and bioaccumulation .
    ( c ) Transformation réactions in the aquatic environment :
          - Chemical and phototechni cal reactions ,
          - biological transformations .
    ( d ) Behaviour     and    transformation       of   organic   micropollutants   in
          water-treatment processes :
          - infiltration ,
          - waste-water treatment ,
          - drinking-water treatment ( including haloform formation ).
 ---pagebreak---                                          11
4. Treataent and Use of Organic Sludges and Liquid Agricultural Vastes,
    ( COST 681 / 2)
    ( a ) Treatment of sludges and agricultural wastes :
          - further improvement of conventional treatment methods , mainly with
            regard to their économie aspects ,       and of processes for fuel
            production from sludges and manures .
          - study of technologies specifically applicable to small plants and of
            processes to eliminate heavy metals at their source .
    ( b ) Analysis of sludges and residues :
          - development and standardisation of économie multi-element methods for
            the analysis of trace éléments in sludges , soils and plants , and for
            the analysis of organic pollutants .
    ( c ) Hygienic aspects of treatment and use of sludges :
          - elaboration and improvement of methods for the detection and
            identification of bacteria , viruses and other pathogens , and study of
            their survival and contamination potential ,
          - investigations of the efficiency of hygienization processes ,
            definitions of " indicator organisms ".
    ( d ) Nuisances :
          - odour characterization and émission control .
    ( e ) Envi ronmental effects of spreading of sludges and manure :
          - long-term field experiments on the accumulation of heavy metals ,
            their availability to crops and on transfer of pollutants via soil to
            plants , and assessment of various application methods with regard to
            ground and surface water pollution .
    ( f ) Improvement of land-use of sludge and manure :
          - long-term field experiments on fertilizing value and soil-improvement
            properties of sludges and manures .
          - improvement of treatment processes and spreading equipment with
            regard to optimum Land use ,
          - study of the agricultural value of residues from treatment processes ,
          - use of sludges and derived products for land reclamation and specific
            crops ( e.g. biomass production ).
5 . Coastal Benthic Ecology, ( COST 647/2)
    Implementation of " baseline studies " for selected key species in
    undisturbed conditions along the Norwegian Sea and Atlantic coast , in the
    Mediterranean and in the Baltic Sea for the following habitats :
    - subtidal sédiments ,
    - intertidal sédiments ,
    - subtidal rock ,
    - intertidal rock .
 ---pagebreak---                                                - 12 -
     Assessment of the role of
     - local physical factors ,
     - biological interactions .
     - climatic and hydrographic factors on the population dynamics of selected
         components of benthic coastal ecosystems .
     The programme should gradually evolve into a comprehensi ve investigation of
     the dynamics of Coastal ecosystems and their modelling .
6. Indoor-Air Quality and its Impact on Han, ( COST 613/ 1 )
     Investigation of a variety of indoor pollutants and pollutant classes ,         in
     particular NO2 ,           RSP ( respirable suspended particulate ), formaldehyde ,
     organics , allergens , CO, S0£ , asbestos and other mineral fibres , comprising
     ( a ) Exposure détermination and estimâtes :
           - modelling ,
           - source strength déterminations ,
           - infiltration and ventilation rate déterminations ,
           - methods of fields measurements :
              -  spot sampling ,
              -  time integrated sampling ,
              -  continuous monitoring ,
              -  Personal and population exposure ,
              -  biological monitoring .
     ( b ) Health effects measurements :
           - controlled human exposure studies ,
           - design of sequential studies ,
           - epidemiological studies .
     ( c ) Collection of exposure and health effect related data .
7 . Protection of species , ( COST 691 / 1 )
     ( a ) Habitat sélection by birds and breeding distribution .
     ( b ) Passerine migrations .
     ( c ) Waterfowl census according to the Annex V of the               Directive  on
           Conservation of Wi Id Birds ( 1 ).
     ( d ) Requirements of bird species dependent upon threatened habitats
           ( notably coastal and other wetlands , scrubland , etc .).
     ( e ) Habitat requirements and biology of endangered species .
     ( f ) Collection and compilation of the results of research on bird
           conservation and on wintering sites in Africa and exploitation of the
           information already avai labié .
( 1 ) OJ N      L103, 25 / 4 / 1979 .
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 13 -
                                      ANNEX B
         TERNS OF REFERENCE AND CONPOSITION OF EACH CONCERTATION CONNITTEE
1 . The Committee shall :
    1.1 . contribute to the optimum execution of the project by giving its
          opinion on ail aspects of its progress :
    1.2 . evaluate the results of the project , draw conclusions regarding their
          application and approve ail reports prior to their publication ;
    1.3 . be responsible for the exchange of information provided for in Article
          5 ( 1 ) of the Agreement ;
    1.4 . suggest guidelines to the project leader , if any .
2 . The Committee's reports and the opinions shall be communicated to the
    States .
3 . The Committee shall be composed of one delegate from the Commission , as
    coordinator of the Community concerted action project , one delegate from
    each participating Non-Member State , one delegate from each Community
    Member State and the project leader , if any .
    Each delegate may be accompanied by up to two experts , if appropriate .
4 . The members of each Committee shall be nominated by the Delegations to the
    CGC for Community Member States , and by the competent national authorities
    for the participating Non-Member States .       In designating members , the
    Delegations to the CGC shall attempt to ensure that for each project one
    person is a member of both CGC and the respective Committee .
5 . Each Committee shall establish its own Rules of Procedure .   The
    constitution of each Committee is valid for the duration of the ongoing
    programme , allowing for continuity between subséquent programmes .
6 . Each Committee shall elect its own Chairman , with all members being
    eligible for election .
7 . The Secrétariat of the Committee shall be provided by the Commission .
8 . The CGC shall regularly examine the progress and results of the project .
    To this end , the Chairman of each Committee will report to the CGC upon
    the latter’s invitation , and in any case at least once every two years .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 14 -
                                        ANNEX C
                                  FINANCING RULES
Article 1
These provisions lay down the financial rules referred to in Article 4 of the
Community - COST Concertation Agreement .
Article 2
At the beginning of each year / the Commission shall send to each participating
Non-Member State a call for funds corresponding to the number of concerted
action projects in which it participates and to its share of the annual
coordination costs under the Agreement , calculated in proportion to the
amounts laid down in Article 4 of the Agreement .
This contribution shall be expressed both in ECU and the currency of the
participating Non-Member State concerned ,         the value of the ECU being
determined on the date of the call for funds .
The total contributions shall    cover the travel and subsistence costs of the
delegates to the Committee , in addition to the coordination costs proper .
Each participating Non-Member State shall pay its annual contribution to the
coordination costs under the Agreement at the beginning of each year , and by
31 March at the latest .   Any delay in the payment of the annual contribution
shall give rise to the payment of interest by the participating Non-Member
State concerned at a rate equal to the highest discount rate ruling in the
States on the due date .    The rate shall be increased by 0.25 of a percentage
point for each month of delay .       The increased rate shall be applied to the
entire period of delay .    However , such interest shall be chargeable only if
payment is effected more than three months after the issue of a call for funds
by the Commission .
Article 3
The funds paid by participating Non-Member States shall be credited to the
concerted action projects in which they participate as budget receipts
allocated to a heading in the statement of the revenue of the general budget
of the European Communities ( Commission Section ).
 ---pagebreak---                                       15
Artide 4
The provisional timetable for the coordination costs referred to in Article 4
of the Agreement is appended hereto .
Artide 5
The Financial Régulation in force applicable to the general budget of the
European Communities shall apply to the management of the appropriations .
Article 6
At the end of the concerted action projects , a statement of appropriations for
each concerted action project shall be prepared and transmitted to the
participating Non-Member States for information .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               APPENDIX
                                             PROVISIONAL TIMETABLE FOR EACH CONCERTED ACTION PROJECT
                                         1986                        1987                         1988                      1989                         1990
                                   C  A            P A         C  A            P A         C  A            P A        C   A           P A          C   A         P A
1 . Initial estimate of overall
    requirements :
    - Staff
    - Administrative operating 144,000          144,000     144,000         144,000     144,000         144,000    144,000         144,000       144,000       144,000
       expenditure
    - Contracts
                      Total     144,000         144,000     144,000         144,000     144,000         144,000    144,000         144,000       144,000       144,000
2 . Revised estimate of expen ¬
diture taking into account
additional requirements arisin 3
from the accession of partici ¬
pating Non-Member States :
    - Staff
    - Administrative operating
       expendi ture             144,000+      144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+
                                ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 )
    - Contracts                                     –                           -                          -            -              -             -            -
                    New Total   144,000+      144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+ 144,000+
                                ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 )
3 . Difference between 1 and
2 to be covered by              lnx1 2,000 )  ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx1 2,000 ) ( nx12,000 ) ( nx12,000 )
contributions from participa ¬
ting Non-Member States
n   = number of participating Non-Member States .
CA = commitment appropriations .
PA = payment appropriations .
REMARK : Concerted actions projects 1 to 5             started in 1936 while the projects 6 and 7 shall start in 1988
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 ---pagebreak---                  FICHE D' IMPACT SUR LA COMPETITIVITE ET L' EMPLOI
Ce projet a trait a une décision du Conseil concernant la conclusion d' un
accord de concertation Communauteé-COST relatif à sept projets d' action
concertée clans le domaine de l' environnement .
En tant crue tel ,  ce projet peut avoir un impact oositif sur les Pi'E , dans la
mesure où il constitue un instrument facilitant l' accès à la connaissance et
à l 'échange d' expériences .