CELEX: 32008L0128
Language: en
Date: 2008-12-22 00:00:00
Title: Commission Directive 2008/128/EC of 22 December 2008 laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs (Codified version) (Text with EEA relevance)

10.1.2009   
            
            
               EN
            
            
               Official Journal of the European Union
            
            
               L 6/20
            
         
      COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2008/128/EC
   of 22 December 2008
   laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs
   (Codified version)
   (Text with EEA relevance)
   THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
   Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
   Having regard to Council Directive 89/107/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food additives authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption (1), and in particular Article 3(3)(a) thereof,
   Whereas:
   
               (1)
            
            
               Commission Directive 95/45/EC of 26 July 1995 laying down specific criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs (2) has been substantially amended several times (3). In the interests of clarity and rationality the said Directive should be codified.
            
         
               (2)
            
            
               It is necessary to establish purity criteria for all colours mentioned in European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC of 30 June 1994 on colours for use in foodstuffs (4).
            
         
               (3)
            
            
               It is necessary to take into account the specifications and analytical techniques for colours as set out in the Codex Alimentarius as drafted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
            
         
               (4)
            
            
               Food additives prepared by production methods or starting materials significantly different from those evaluated by the Scientific Committee for Food or different from those mentioned in this Directive should be submitted for safety evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority with emphasis on the purity criteria.
            
         
               (5)
            
            
               The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health.
            
         
               (6)
            
            
               This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B,
            
         HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
   Article 1
   The purity criteria referred to in Article 3(3)(a) of Directive 89/107/EEC for colours mentioned in Directive 94/36/EC are set out in Annex I hereto.
   Article 2
   Directive 95/45/EC, as amended by the Directives listed in Annex II, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex II, Part B.
   References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex III.
   Article 3
   This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
   Article 4
   This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
   
      Done at Brussels, 22 December 2008.
      
         
            For the Commission
         
         
            The President
         
         José Manuel BARROSO
         
      
   
   
      (1)  OJ L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 27.
   
      (2)  OJ L 226, 22.9.1995, p. 1.
   
      (3)  See Annex II, Part A.
   
      (4)  OJ L 237, 10.9.1994, p. 13.
   
      ANNEX I
      A.   GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ALUMINIUM LAKES OF COLOURS
      
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Aluminium lakes are prepared by reacting colours complying with the purity criteria set out in the appropriate specification monograph with alumina under aqueous conditions. The alumina is usually freshly prepared undried material made by reacting aluminium sulfate or chloride with sodium or calcium carbonate or bicarbonate or ammonia. Following lake formation, the product is filtered, washed with water and dried. Unreacted alumina may also be present in the finished product.
               
            
                  HCl insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % (under neutral conditions)
                  Specific purity criteria for the corresponding colours are applicable.
               
            B.   SPECIFIC CRITERIA OF PURITY
      
                  E 100 CURCUMIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Natural Yellow 3, Turmeric Yellow, Diferoyl Methane
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric i.e. the ground rhizomes of natural strains of Curcuma longa L. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin powder, the extract is purified by crystallisation. The product consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. the colouring principle (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy derivatives in varying proportions. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturally occuring in turmeric may be present.
                  Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Dicinnamoylmethane
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75300
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  207-280-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              C21H20O6
                              
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              C20H18O5
                              
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              C19H16O4
                              
                           
                        
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  
                              I.
                           
                           
                              368,39
                           
                        
                              II.
                           
                           
                              338,39
                           
                        
                              III.
                           
                           
                              308,39
                           
                        
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
                  E1 cm
                     1 %1 607 at ca 426 nm in ethanol
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Orange-yellow crystalline powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in ethanol at ca 426 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Melting Range
                           
                        
               
                  179 °C-182 °C
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Ethylacetate
                  Acetone
                  n-butanol
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 101 (i) RIBOFLAVIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Lactoflavin
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Isoalloxazine
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  201-507-1
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
                  7,8-dimethyl-10-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C17H20N4O6
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  376,37
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 328 at ca 444 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, with slight odour
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  The ratio A375/A267 is between 0,31 and 0,33
                  The ratio A444/A267 is between 0,36 and 0,39
               
               
                  in aqueous solution
               
            
                  Maximum in water at ca 444 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Specific rotation
                           
                        
               
                  [α]D20 between – 115° and – 140° in a 0,05 N sodium hydroxide solution
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 1,5 % after drying at 105 °C for 4 hrs
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 100 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 101 (ii) RIBOFLAVIN-5′-PHOSPHATE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Riboflavin-5′-phosphate sodium
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  These specifications apply to riboflavin 5′-phosphate together with minor amounts of free riboflavin and riboflavin diphosphate
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Isoalloxazine
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  204-988-6
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Monosodium
                  (2R,3R,4S)-5-(3′)10′-dihydro-7′,8′-dimethyl-2′,4′-dioxo-10′-benzo[γ]pteridinyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl phosphate;
                  monosodium salt of 5′-monophosphate ester of riboflavin
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  
                              For the dihydrate form
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              C17H20N4NaO9P·2H2O
                           
                        
                              For the anhydrous form
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              C17H20N4NaO9P
                           
                        
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  541,36
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 95 % total colouring matters calculated as C17H20N4NaO9P·2H2O
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 250 at ca 375 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Yellow to orange crystalline hygroscopic powder, with slight odour and a bitter taste
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  The ratio A375/A267 is between 0,30 and 0,34
                  The ratio A444/A267 is between 0,35 and 0,40
               
               
                  in aqueous solution
               
            
                  Maximum in water at ca 444 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Specific rotation
                           
                        
               
                  [α]D20 between + 38° and + 42° in a 5 molar HCl solution
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 8 % (100 °C, 5 hrs in vacuum over P2O5) for the dihydrate form
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 25 %
               
            
                  Inorganic phosphate
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 % (calculated as PO4 on the anhydrous basis)
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  
                              Riboflavin (free)
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              Not more than 6 %
                           
                        
                              Riboflavine diphosphate
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              Not more than 6 %
                           
                        
            
                  Primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 70 mg/kg (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 102 TARTRAZINE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Yellow 4
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Tartrazine consists essentially of trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Tartrazine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  19140
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  217-699-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Trisodium-5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C16H9N4Na3O9S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  534,37
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 530 at ca 426 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Light orange powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 426 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Yellow solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-hydrazinobenzene sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic acid)
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              Tetrahydroxysuccinic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 104 QUINOLINE YELLOW
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Yellow 13
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione. Quinoline Yellow consists essentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of the above compound and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Chinophthalone
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  47005
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  305-897-5
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  The disodium salts of the disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione (principal component)
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C18H9N Na2O8S2 (principal component)
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  477,38 (principal component)
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt
                  Quinoline Yellow shall have the following composition:
                  Of the total colouring matters present:
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              not less than 80 % shall be disodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates
                           
                        
                              —
                           
                           
                              not more than 15 % shall be sodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates
                           
                        
                              —
                           
                           
                              not more than 7,0 % shall be trisodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate
                           
                        E1 cm
                     1 % 865 (principal component) at ca 411 nm in aqueous acetic acid solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Yellow powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in aqueous acetic acid solution of pH 5 at ca 411 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Yellow solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 4,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              2-methylquinoline
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              2-methylquinoline-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              Phthalic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              2,6-dimethyl quinoline
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              2,6-dimethyl quinoline sulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione
               
               
                  Not more than 4 mg/kg
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 110 SUNSET YELLOW FCF
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Yellow 3, Orange Yellow S
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Sunset Yellow FCF consists essentially of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Sunset Yellow FCF is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  15985
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  220-491-7
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)naphthalene-6-sulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C16H10N2Na2O7S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  452,37
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 555 at ca 485 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Orange-red powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 485 nm at pH 7
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Orange solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 5,0 %
               
            
                  1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthalenol (Sudan I)
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 mg/kg
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic acid)
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              6,6′-oxydi(naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid)
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 120 COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, CARMINES
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Carmines and carminic acid are obtained from aqueous, aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic extracts from Cochineal, which consists of the dried bodies of the female insect Dactylopius coccus Costa.
                  The colouring principle is carminic acid.
                  Aluminium lakes of carminic acid (carmines) can be formed in which aluminium and carminic acid are thought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2.
                  In commercial products the colouring principle is present in association with ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium cations, singly or in combination, and these cations may also be present in excess.
                  Commercial products may also contain proteinaceous material derived from the source insect, and may also contain free carminate or a small residue of unbound aluminium cations.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Anthraquinone
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75470
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Cochineal: 215-680-6; carminic acid: 215-023-3; carmines: 215-724-4
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  7-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (carminic acid); carmine is the hydrated aluminium chelate of this acid
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C22H20O13 (carminic acid)
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  492,39 (carminic acid)
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 2,0 % carminic acid in the extracts containing carminic acid; not less than 50 % carminic acid in the chelates.
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red to dark red, friable, solid or powder. Cochineal extract is generally a dark red liquid but can also be dried as a powder.
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at ca 518 nm
                  Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at ca 494 nm for carminic acid
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 122 AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 3
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Azorubine consists essentially of disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Azorubine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  14720
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  222-657-4
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C20H12N2Na2O7S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  502,44
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 510 at ca 516 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red to maroon powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 516 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 2,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 123 AMARANTH
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 9
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Amaranth consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Amaranth is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  16185
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  213-022-2
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C20H11N2Na3O10S3
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  604,48
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 440 at ca 520 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Reddish-brown powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 520 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 3,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 124 PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 7, New Coccine
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Ponceau 4R consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Ponceau 4R is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  16255
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  220-036-2
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C20H11N2Na3O10S3
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  604,48
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt.
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 430 at ca 505 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Reddish powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 505 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 127 ERYTHROSINE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 14
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Erythrosine consists essentially of disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl) benzoate monohydrate and subsidiary colouring matters together with water, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Erythrosine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Xanthen
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  45430
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  240-474-8
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate monohydrate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C20H6I4Na2O5.H2O
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  897,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 87 % total colouring matters, calculated as the anhydrous sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 %1 100 at ca 526 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red powder or granules.
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 526 nm at pH 7
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Inorganic iodides calculated as sodium iodide
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters (except fluorescein)
               
               
                  Not more than 4,0 %
               
            
                  Fluorescein
               
               
                  Not more than 20 mg/kg
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Tri-iodoresorcinol
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  2-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diodobenzoyl) benzoic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  From a solution of pH from 7 through 8, not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  Aluminium Lakes
               
               
                  The hydrochloric acid insoluble matter method is not applicable. It is replaced by a sodium hydroxide insoluble matter, at not more than 0,5 %, for this colour only.
               
            
                  E 128 RED 2G
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 10, Azogeranine
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Red 2G consists essentially of disodium 8-acetamido-1-hydroxy-2-phenylazonaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Red 2G is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  18050
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  223-098-9
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Disodium 8-acetamido-1-hydroxy-2-phenylazo-naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C18H13N3Na2O8S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  509,43
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 620 at ca 532 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 532 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 2,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              5-acetamido-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 129 ALLURA RED AC
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Red 17
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Allura Red AC consists essentially of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-phenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Allura Red AC is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  16035
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  247-368-0
               
            
                  Chemical name
               
               
                  Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C18H14N2Na2O8S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  496,42
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 540 at ca 504 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark red powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 504 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Red solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 3,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt
               
               
                  Not more than 0,3 %
               
            
                  4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenezene sulfonic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  6,6-oxybis (2-naphthalene sulfonic acid) disodium salt
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 131 PATENT BLUE V
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Blue 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Patent Blue V consists essentially of the calcium or sodium compound of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate and/or calcium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  The potassium salt is also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Triarylmethane
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  42051
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  222-573-8
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  The calcium or sodium compound of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene) 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethyl-ammonium hydroxide inner salt
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Calcium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Ca
                        
                  
                  Sodium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Na
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Calcium compound: 579,72
                  Sodium compound: 582,67
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 000 at ca 638 nm in aqueous solution at pH 5
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark-blue powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at 638 nm at pH 5
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Blue solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 2,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxy benzaldehyde
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxy benzoic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              3-hydroxy-4-sulfobenzoic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              N,N-diethylamino benzene sulfonic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Leuco base
               
               
                  Not more than 4,0 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  From a solution of pH 5 not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 132 INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Blue 1
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Indigotine consists essentially of a mixture of disodium 3,3′dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,5′-disulfonate, and disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Indigotine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Indigoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  73015
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  212-728-8
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,5′-disulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C16H8N2Na2O8S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  466,36
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt;
                  disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate: not more than 18 %
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 480 at ca 610 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark-blue powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 610 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Blue solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Excluding disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate: not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              Isatin-5-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              5-sulfoanthranilic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              Anthranilic acid
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 133 BRILLIANT BLUE FCF
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Blue 2
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Brilliant Blue FCF consists essentially of disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)-α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate and its isomers and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Brilliant Blue FCF is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Triarylmethane
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  42090
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  223-339-8
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)-α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C37H34N2Na2O9S3
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  792,84
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 %1 630 at ca 630 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Reddish-blue powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 630 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Blue solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 6,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Sum of 2-, 3- and 4-formyl benzene sulfonic acids
               
               
                  Not more than 1,5 %
               
            
                  3-((ethyl)(4-sulfophenyl) amino) methyl benzene sulfonic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,3 %
               
            
                  Leuco base
               
               
                  Not more than 5,0 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % at pH 7
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 140 (i) CHLOROPHYLLS
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Natural Green 3, Magnesium Chlorophyll, Magnesium Phaeophytin
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Chlorophylls are obtained by solvent extraction of natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. During the subsequent removal of solvent, the naturally present co-ordinated magnesium may be wholly or partly removed from the chlorophylls to give the corresponding phaeophytins. The principal colouring matters are the phaeophytins and magnesium chlorophylls. The extracted product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as oils, fats and waxes derived from the source material. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Porphyrin
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75810
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6, Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  The major colouring principles are:
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              Phytyl (132
                                 R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta [at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Pheophytin a), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll a)
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              Phytyl (132
                                 R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Pheophytin b), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll b)
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): C55H72MgN4O5
                  
                  Chlorophyll a: C55H74N4O5
                  
                  Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): C55H70MgN4O6
                  
                  Chlorophyll b: C55H72N4O6
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): 893,51
                  Chlorophyll a: 871,22
                  Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): 907,49
                  Chlorophyll b: 885,20
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of total combined Chlorophylls and their magnesium complexes is not less than 10 %
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 700 at ca 409 nm in chloroform
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Waxy solid ranging in colour from olive green to dark green depending on the content of co-ordinated magnesium
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in chloroform at ca 409 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl Ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 140 (ii) CHLOROPHYLLINS
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Natural Green 5, Sodium Chlorophyllin, Potassium Chlorophyllin
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  The alkali salts of chlorophyllins are obtained by the saponification of a solvent extract of natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. The saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring. The acid groups are neutralized to form the salts of potassium and/or sodium.
                  Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Porphyrin
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75815
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  287-483-3
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  The major colouring principles in their acid forms are:
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin a)
                              and
                           
                        
                              —
                           
                           
                              3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin b)
                           
                        Depending on the degree of hydrolysis the cyclopentenyl ring may be cleaved with the resultant production of a third carboxyl function.
                  Magnesium complexes may also be present.
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H34N4O5
                  
                  Chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H32N4O6
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Chlorophyllin a: 578,68
                  Chlorophyllin b: 592,66
                  Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopentenyl ring is cleaved.
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of total chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of the sample dried at ca 100 °C for 1 hour.
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 700 at ca 405 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 140 at ca 653 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark green to blue/black powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 9 at ca 405 nm and at ca 653 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 141 (i) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Natural Green 3, Copper Chlorophyll, Copper Phaeophytin
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Copper chlorophylls are obtained by addition of a salt of copper to the substance obtained by solvent extraction of natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle. The product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as fats and waxes derived from the source material. The principal colouring matters are the copper phaeophytins. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Porphyrin
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75815
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Copper chlorophyll a: 239-830-5; copper chlorophyll b: 246-020-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  [Phytyl (132
                     R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper Chlorophyll a)
                  [Phytyl (132
                     R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper chlorophyll b)
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Copper chlorophyll a: C55H72Cu N4O5
                  
                  Copper chlorophyll b: C55H70Cu N4O6
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Copper chlorophyll a: 932,75
                  Copper chlorophyll b: 946,73
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of total copper chlorophylls is not less than 10 %.
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 540 at ca 422 nm in chloroform
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 300 at ca 652 nm in chloroform
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Waxy solid ranging in colour from blue green to dark green depending on the source material
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in chloroform at ca 422 nm and at ca 652 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Copper ions
               
               
                  Not more than 200 mg/kg
               
            
                  Total copper
               
               
                  Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper phaeophytins
               
            
                  E 141 (ii) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin, Potassium Copper Chlorophyllin, CI Natural Green 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  The alkali salts of copper chlorophyllins are obtained by the addition of copper to the product obtained by the saponification of a solvent extraction of natural strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle; the saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring. After addition of copper to the purified chlorophyllins, the acid groups are neutralized to form the salts of potassium and/or sodium.
                  Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Porphyrin
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75815
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  The major colouring principles in their acid forms are:
                  3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate, copper complex (Copper chlorophyllin a)
                  and
                  3-(10-Carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl) propionate, copper complex (Copper chlorophyllin b)
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Copper chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H32Cu N4O5
                  
                  Copper chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H30Cu N4O6
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Copper chlorophyllin a: 640,20
                  Copper chlorophyllin b: 654,18
                  Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopentenyl ring is cleaved.
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of total copper chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of the sample dried at 100 °C for 1 h.
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 565 at ca 405 nm in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7,5
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 145 at ca 630 nm in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7,5
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark green to blue/black powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7,5 at ca 405 nm and at ca 630 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Copper ions
               
               
                  Not more than 200 mg/kg
               
            
                  Total copper
               
               
                  Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper chlorophyllins
               
            
                  E 142 GREEN S
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Green 4, Brilliant Green BS
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Green S consists essentially of sodium N-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] 2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-1-naphthalenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured compounds.
                  Green S is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Triarylmethane
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  44090
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  221-409-2
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Sodium N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-1-naphthalenyl)-methylene]2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium;
                  Sodium 5-[4-dimethylamino-α-(4-dimethyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) benzyl]-6-hydroxy-7-sulfonato-naphthalene-2-sulfonate (alternative chemical name).
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C27H25N2NaO7S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular Weight
               
               
                  576,63
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 %1 720 at ca 632 nm in aqueous solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark blue or dark green powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 632 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Blue or green solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-benzhydryl alcohol
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Leuco base
               
               
                  Not more than 5,0 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 150a PLAIN CARAMEL
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Plain caramel is prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and dextrose). To promote caramelization, acids, alkalis and salts may be employed, with the exception of ammonium compounds and sulphites.
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  232-435-9
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark brown to black liquids or solids
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Colour bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  Not more than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose
               
               
                  Not more than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour intensity (1)
                  
               
               
                  0,01-0,12
               
            
                  Total nitrogen
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Total sulphur
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 25 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 150b CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Caustic sulphite caramel is prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and dextrose) with or without acids or alkalis, in the presence of sulphite compounds (sulphurous acid, potassium sulphite, potassium bisulphite, sodium sulphite and sodium bisulphite); no ammonium compounds are used.
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  232-435-9
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark brown to black liquids or solids
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Colour bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  More than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour intensity (1)
                  
               
               
                  0,05-0,13
               
            
                  Total nitrogen
               
               
                  Not more than 0,3 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Sulphur dioxide
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Total sulphur
               
               
                  0,3-3,5 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Sulphur bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  More than 40 %
               
            
                  Absorbance ratio of colour bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  19-34
               
            
                  Absorbance ratio
                  (A 280/560)
               
               
                  Greater than 50
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 25 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 150c AMMONIA CARAMEL
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Ammonia caramel is prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof, e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and dextrose) with or without acids or alkalis, in the presence of ammonium compounds (ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium phosphate); no sulphite compounds are used.
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  232-435-9
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark brown to black liquids or solids
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Colour bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  Not more than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose
               
               
                  More than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour intensity (1)
                  
               
               
                  0,08-0,36
               
            
                  Ammoniacal nitrogen
               
               
                  Not more than 0,3 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  4-methylimidazole
               
               
                  Not more than 250 mg/kg (2)
                  
               
            
                  2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxy-butylimidazole
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg (2)
                  
               
            
                  Total sulphur
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Total nitrogen
               
               
                  0,7-3,3 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Absorbance ratio of colour bound by phosphoryl cellulose
               
               
                  13-35
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 25 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 150d SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Sulphite ammonia caramel is prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (commercially available food grade nutritive sweeteners which are the monomers glucose and fructose and/or polymers thereof (e.g. glucose syrups, sucrose, and/or invert syrups, and dextrose) with or without acids or alkalis in the presence of both sulphite and ammonium compounds (sulphurous acid, potassium sulphite, potassium bisulphite, sodium sulphite, sodium bisulphite, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphite and ammonium hydrogen sulphite).
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  232-435-9
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark brown to black liquids or solids
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Colour bound by DEAE cellulose
               
               
                  More than 50 %
               
            
                  Colour intensity (1)
                  
               
               
                  0,10-0,60
               
            
                  Ammoniacal nitrogen
               
               
                  Not more than 0,6 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Sulphur dioxide
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  4-methylimidazole
               
               
                  Not more than 250 mg/kg (2)
                  
               
            
                  Total nitrogen
               
               
                  0,3-1,7 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Total sulphur
               
               
                  0,8-2,5 % (2)
                  
               
            
                  Nitrogen/sulphur ratio of alcohol precipitate
               
               
                  0,7-2,7
               
            
                  Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipitate (3)
                  
               
               
                  8-14
               
            
                  Absorbance ratio (A 280/560)
               
               
                  Not more than 50
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 25 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 151 BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Black 1
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Brilliant Black BN consists essentially of tetrasodium-4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Brilliant Black BN is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Bisazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  28440
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  219-746-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Tetrasodium 4-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-[7-sulfonato-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-1-naphthylazo] naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C28H17N5Na4O14S4
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  867,69
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 530 at ca 570 nm in solution
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Black powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water at ca 570 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Black-bluish solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 10 % (expressed on the dye content)
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              4-acetamido-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,7-disulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              8-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              4,4′-diazoaminodi-(benzenesulfonic acid)
                           
                        
               
                  Total not more than 0,8 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 153 VEGETABLE CARBON
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Vegetable black
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Vegetable carbon is produced by the carbonization of vegetable material such as wood, cellulose residues, peat and coconut and other shells. The raw material is carbonised at high temperatures. It consists essentially of finely divided carbon. It may contain minor amounts of nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. Some moisture may be absorbed on the product after manufacture.
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77266
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  215-609-9
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Carbon
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  12,01
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 95 % of carbon calculated on an anhydrous and ash-free basis
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Black powder, odourless and tasteless
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Solubility
                           
                        
               
                  Insoluble in water and organic solvents
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Burning
                           
                        
               
                  When heated to redness it burns slowly without a flame
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Ash (Total)
               
               
                  Not more than 4,0 % (ignition temperature: 625 °C)
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
               
               
                  The extract obtained by extraction of 1 g of the product with 10 g pure cyclohexane in a continuous extraction apparatus shall be colourless, and the fluorescence of the extract in ultraviolet light shall not be more intense than that of a solution of 0,100 mg of quinine sulfate in 1 000 ml of 0,01 M sulphuric acid.
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 12 % (120 °C, 4 hrs)
               
            
                  Alkali soluble matter
               
               
                  The filtrate obtained by boiling 2 g of the sample with 20 ml N sodium hydroxide and filtering shall be colourless
               
            
                  E 154 BROWN FK
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Brown 1
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Brown FK consists essentially of a mixture of:
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfonate
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              IV
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              V
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              VI
                           
                           
                              trisodium 4,4′,4″-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-trisazo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        and subsidiary colouring matters together with water, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Brown FK is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Azo (a mixture of mono-, bis- and trisazo colours)
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  A mixture of:
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              sodium 4-(2,4-diaminophenylazo) benzenesulfonate
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              sodium 4-(4,6-diamino-m-tolylazo) benzenesulfonate
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(4,6-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              IV
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(2,4-diamino-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              V
                           
                           
                              disodium 4,4′-(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenebisazo)di (benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
                              VI
                           
                           
                              trisodium 4,4′,4″-(2,4-diaminobenzene-1,3,5-trisazo)tri-(benzenesulfonate)
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              C12H11N4NaO3S
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              C13H13N4NaO3S
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              C18H14N6Na2O6S2
                              
                           
                        
                              IV
                           
                           
                              C18H14N6Na2O6S2
                              
                           
                        
                              V
                           
                           
                              C19H16N6Na2O6S2
                              
                           
                        
                              VI
                           
                           
                              C24H17N8Na3O9S3
                              
                           
                        
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              314,30
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              328,33
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              520,46
                           
                        
                              IV
                           
                           
                              520,46
                           
                        
                              V
                           
                           
                              534,47
                           
                        
                              VI
                           
                           
                              726,59
                           
                        
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters
                  Of the total colouring matters present the proportions of the components shall not exceed:
                  
                              I
                           
                           
                              26 %
                           
                        
                              II
                           
                           
                              17 %
                           
                        
                              III
                           
                           
                              17 %
                           
                        
                              IV
                           
                           
                              16 %
                           
                        
                              V
                           
                           
                              20 %
                           
                        
                              VI
                           
                           
                              16 %
                           
                        
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red-brown powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Orange to reddish solution
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 3,5 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,7 %
               
            
                  m-phenylenediamine and 4-methyl-m-phenylenediamine
               
               
                  Not more than 0,35 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines other than m-phenylene diamine and 4-methyl-m-phenylene diamine
               
               
                  Not more than 0,007 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 155 BROWN HT
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Brown 3
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Brown HT consists essentially of disodium 4,4′-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-phenylene bisazo) di (naphthalene-1-sulfonate) and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
                  Brown HT is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and potassium salt are also permitted.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Bisazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  20285
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  224-924-0
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Disodium 4,4′-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-phenylene bisazo)di (naphthalene-1-sulfonate)
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C27H18N4Na2O9S2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular Weight
               
               
                  652,57
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt.
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 403 at ca 460 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Reddish-brown powder or granules
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in water of pH 7 at ca 460 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Brown solution in water
                           
                        
               
                   
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water insoluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 10 % (TLC method)
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
               
               
                  Not more than 0,7 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 % in a solution of pH 7
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160a (i) MIXED CAROTENES
               
            1.   Plant carotenes
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Mixed carotenes are obtained by solvent extraction of natural strains of edible plants, carrots, vegetable oils, grass, alfalfa (lucerne) and nettle.
                  The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of which beta-carotene accounts for the major part. Alpha, gamma-carotene and other pigments may be present. Besides the colour pigments, this substance may contain oils, fats and waxes naturally occurring in the source material.
                  Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, hexane (4), dichloromethane and carbon dioxide.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75130
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  230-636-6
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Beta-carotene: C40H56
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Beta-carotene: 536,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of carotenes (calculated as beta-carotene) is not less than 5 %. For products obtained by extraction of vegetables oils: not less than 0,2 % in edible fats.
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 500 at approximately 440 nm to 457 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 440 nm to 457 nm and 470 nm to 486 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
                  Ethanol
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 5 mg/kg
               
            2.   Algal carotenes
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Mixed carotenes may also be produced from natural strains of the algae Dunaliella salina, grown in large saline lakes located in Whyalla, South Australia. Beta-carotene is extracted using an essential oil. The preparation is a 20 to 30 % suspension in edible oil. The ratio of trans-cis isomers is in the range of 50/50 to 71/29.
                  The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of which beta-carotene accounts for the major part. Alpha-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin may be present. Besides the colour pigments, this substance may contain oils, fats and waxes naturally occurring in the source material.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75130
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Beta-Carotene: C40H56
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Beta-Carotene: 536,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of carotenes (calculated as beta-carotene) is not less than 20 %
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 500 at approximately by 440 nm to 457 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 440 nm to 457 nm and 474 nm to 486 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Natural tocopherols in edible oil
               
               
                  Not more than 0,3 %
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 5 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160a (ii) BETA-CAROTENE
               
            1.   Beta-carotene
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  These specifications apply predominantly to all trans isomer of beta-carotene together with minor amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilised preparations may have different trans-cis isomer ratios.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  40800
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  230-636-6
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Beta-carotene, beta, beta-carotene
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C40H56
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  536,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 96 % total colouring matters (expressed as beta-carotene)
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 500 at approximately by 440 nm to 457 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red to brownish-red crystals or crystalline powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 453 nm to 456 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Carotenoids other than beta-carotene: not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            2.   Beta-carotene from Blakeslea trispora
                  
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 5
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Obtained by a fermentation process using a mixed culture of the two sexual mating types (+) and (–) of natural strains of the fungus Blakeslea trispora. The beta-carotene is extracted from the biomass with ethyl acetate, or isobutyl acetate followed by isopropyl alcohol, and crystallised. The crystallised product consists mainly of trans beta-carotene. Because of the natural process approximately 3 % of the product consists of mixed carotenoids, which is specific for the product.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  40800
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  230-636-6
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Beta-carotene, beta,beta-carotene
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C40H56
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  536,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 96 % total colouring matters (expressed as beta-carotene)
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 500 at approximately 440 nm to 457 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red, brownish-red or purple-violet crystals or crystalline powder (colour varies according to extraction solvent used and conditions of crystallisation)
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 453 nm to 456 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Ethyl acetate
                  Ethanol
               
               
                  Not more than 0,8 %, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Isobutyl acetate: Not more than 1,0 %
               
            
                  Isopropyl alcohol: Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Carotenoids other than beta-carotene: not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 2 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mycotoxins:
               
            
                  Aflatoxin B1
               
               
                  Absent
               
            
                  Trichothecene (T2)
               
               
                  Absent
               
            
                  Ochratoxin
               
               
                  Absent
               
            
                  Zearalenone
               
               
                  Absent
               
            
                  Microbiology:
               
            
                  Moulds
               
               
                  Not more than 100/g
               
            
                  Yeasts
               
               
                  Not more than 100/g
               
            
                  
                     Salmonella
                  
               
               
                  Absent in 25 g
               
            
                  
                     Escherichia coli
                  
               
               
                  Absent in 5 g
               
            
                  E 160b ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Natural Orange 4
               
            
                  Definition
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75120
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Annatto: 215-735-4, annatto seed extract: 289-561-2; bixin: 230-248-7
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              6′-Methylhydrogen-9′-cis-6,6′-diapocarotene-6,6′-dioate
                              6′-Methylhydrogen-9′-trans-6,6′-diapocarotene-6,6′-dioate
                           
                        
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              9′Cis-6,6′-diapocarotene-6,6′-dioic acid
                              9′-Trans-6,6′-diapocarotene-6,6′-dioic acid
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              C25H30O4
                              
                           
                        
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              C24H28O4
                              
                           
                        
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              394,51
                           
                        
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              380,48
                           
                        
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Reddish-brown powder, suspension or solution
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              maximum in chloroform at ca 502 nm
                           
                        
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              maximum in dilute KOH solution at ca 482 nm
                           
                        
            (i)   Solvent extracted bixin and norbixin
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Bixin is prepared by the extraction of the outer coating of the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.) with one or more of the following solvents: acetone, methanol, hexane or dichloromethane, carbon dioxide followed by the removal of the solvent.
                  Norbixin is prepared by hydrolysis by aqueous alkali of the extracted bixin.
                  Bixin and norbixin may contain other materials extracted from the annatto seed.
                  The bixin powder contains several coloured components, the major single one being bixin, which may be present in both cis- and trans- forms. Thermal degradation products of bixin may also be present.
                  The norbixin powder contains the hydrolysis product of bixin, in the form of the sodium or potassium salts as the major colouring principle. Both cis- and trans-forms may be present.
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of bixin powders not less than 75 % total carotenoids calculated as bixin.
                  Content of norbixin powders not less than 25 % total carotenoids calculated as norbixin
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              E1 cm
                                 1 %2 870 at ca 502 nm in chloroform
                           
                        
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              E1 cm
                                 1 %2 870 at ca 482 nm in KOH solution
                           
                        
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methanol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            (ii)   Alkali extracted annatto
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Water soluble annatto is prepared by extraction with aqueous alkali (sodium or potassium hydroxide) of the outer coating of the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.)
                  Water soluble annatto contains norbixin, the hydrolysis product of bixin, in the form of the sodium or potassium salts, as the major colouring principle. Both cis- and trans- forms may be present.
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids expressed as norbixin
                  
                              Norbixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              E1 cm
                                 1 %2 870 at ca 482 nm in KOH solution
                           
                        
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            (iii)   Oil extracted annatto
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Annatto extracts in oil, as solution or suspension, are prepared by extraction of the outer coating of the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.) with edible vegetable oil. Annatto extract in oil contains several coloured components, the major single one being bixin, which may be present in both cis- and transforms. Thermal degradation products of bixin may also be present.
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Contains not less than 0,1 % of total carotenoids expressed as bixin
                  
                              Bixin
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              E1 cm
                                 1 %2 870 at ca 502 nm in chloroform
                           
                        
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160c PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Paprika Oleoresin
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Paprika extract is obtained by solvent extraction of the natural strains of paprika, which consists of the ground fruits pods, with or without seeds, of Capsicum annuum L., and contains the major colouring principles of this spice. The major colouring principles are capsanthin and capsorubin. A wide variety of other coloured compounds is known to be present.
                  Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and carbon dioxide.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Capsanthin: 207-364-1, capsorubin: 207-425-2
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Capsanthin: (3R, 3′S, 5′R)-3,3′-dihydroxy-β,k-carotene-6-one
                  Capsorubin: (3S, 3′S, 5R, 5R′)-3,3′-dihydroxy-k,k-carotene-6,6′-dione
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Capsanthin: C40H56O3
                  
                  Capsorubin: C40H56O4
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Capsanthin: 584,85
                  Capsorubin: 600,85
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Paprika extract: content not less than 7,0 % carotenoids
                  Capsanthin/capsorubin: not less than 30 % of total carotenoids
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 100 at ca 462 nm in acetone
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark-red viscous liquid
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  
                              A.
                           
                           
                              Spectrometry
                           
                        
               
                  Maximum in acetone at ca 462 nm
               
            
                  
                              B.
                           
                           
                              Colour reaction
                           
                        
               
                  A deep blue colour is produced by adding one drop of sulfuric acid to one drop of sample in 2-3 drops of chloroform
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Ethyl acetate
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Acetone
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Capsaicin
               
               
                  Not more than 250 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160d LYCOPENE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Natural Yellow 27
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Lycopene is obtained by solvent extraction of the natural strains of red tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with subsequent removal of the solvent. Only the following solvents may be used: dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propan-2-ol, methanol, ethanol, hexane. The major colouring principle of tomatoes is lycopene, minor amounts of other carotenoid pigments may be present. Beside the other colour pigments the product may contain oils, fats, waxes, and flavour components naturally occurring in tomatoes.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  75125
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Lycopene, ψ,ψ-carotene
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C40H56
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  536,85
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 5 % total colouring matters
                  E1 cm
                     1 %3 450 at ca 472 nm in hexane
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark red viscous liquid
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in hexane at ca 472 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Ethyl acetate
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Acetone
                  Hexane
                  Propan-2-ol
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160e BETA-APO-8′-CAROTENAL (C30)
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 6
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  These specifications apply to predominantly all trans isomer of β-apo-8′-carotenal together with minor amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized forms are prepared from β-apo-8′-carotenal meeting these specifications and include solutions or suspensions of ß-apo-8′carotenal in edible fats or oils, emulsions and water dispersible powders. These preparations may have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotinoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  40820
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  214-171-6
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  β-apo-8′-carotenal, Trans-β-apo-8′carotene-aldehyde
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C30H40O
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  416,65
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 640 at ca 460-462 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark violet crystals with metallic lustre or crystalline powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 460-462 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Carotenoids other than β-apo-8′-carotenal:
                  not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 160f ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8′-CAROTENOIC ACID (C30)
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 7, β-apo-8′-carotenoic ester
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  These specifications apply to predominantly all trans isomer of β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester together with minor amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized forms are prepared from β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester meeting these specifications and include solutions or suspensions of β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester in edible fats or oils, emulsions and water dispersible powders. These preparations may have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  40825
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  214-173-7
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl 8′-apo-β-caroten-8′-oate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C32H44O2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  460,70
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 550 at ca 449 nm in cyclohexane
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red to violet-red crystals or crystalline powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at ca 449 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Carotenoids other than β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester: not more than 3,0 % of total colouring matters
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 161b LUTEIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Mixed Carotenoids, Xanthophylls
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Lutein is obtained by solvent extraction of the natural strains of edible fruits and plants, grass, lucerne (alfalfa) and tagetes erecta. The main colouring principle consists of carotenoids of which lutein and its fatty acid esters account for the major part. Variable amounts of carotenes will also be present. Lutein may contain fats, oils and waxes naturally occurring in the plant material.
                  Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, hexane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane and carbon dioxide
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotenoid
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  204-840-0
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  3,3′-dihydroxy-d-carotene
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C40H56O2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  568,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of total colouring matter not less than 4 % calculated as lutein
                  E1 cm
                     1 %2 550 at ca 445 nm in chloroform/ethanol (10 + 90) or in hexane/ethanol/acetone (80 + 10 + 10)
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Dark, yellowish brown liquid
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in chloroform/ethanol (10 + 90) at ca 445 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Acetone
                  Methyl ethyl ketone
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
                  Propan-2-ol
                  Hexane
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 161g CANTHAXANTHIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Food Orange 8
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  These specifications apply to predominantly all trans isomers of canthaxanthin together with minor amounts of other carotenoids. Diluted and stabilized forms are prepared from canthaxanthin meeting these specifications and include solutions or suspensions of canthaxanthin in edible fats or oils, emulsions and water dispersible powders. These preparations may have different cis/trans isomer ratios.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Carotinoid
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  40850
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  208-187-2
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  β-Carotene-4,4′-dione, canthaxanthin, 4,4′-dioxo-β-carotene
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C40H52O2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  564,86
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 96 % of total colouring matters (expressed as canthaxanthin)
                  
                              E1 cm
                                 1 %2 200
                           
                           
                              at ca 485 nm in chloroform
                              at 468-472 nm in cyclohexane
                              at 464-467 nm in petroleum ether
                           
                        
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Deep violet crystals or crystalline powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in chloroform at ca 485 nm
                  Maximum in cyclohexane at 468-472 nm
                  Maximum in petroleum ether at 464-467 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Sulfated ash
               
               
                  Not more than 0,1 %
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Carotenoids other than canthaxanthin: not more than 5,0 % of total colouring matters
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 162 BEETROOT RED, BETANIN
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Beet Red
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Beet red is obtained from the roots of natural strains of red beets (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) by pressing crushed beet as press juice or by aqueous extraction of shredded beet roots and subsequent enrichment in the active principle. The colour is composed of different pigments all belonging to the class betalaine. The main colouring principle consists of betacyanins (red) of which betanin accounts for 75-95 %. Minor amounts of betaxanthin (yellow) and degradation products of betalaines (light brown) may be present.
                  Besides the colour pigments the juice or extract consists of sugars, salts, and/or proteins naturally occurring in red beets. The solution may be concentrated and some products may be refined in order to remove most of the sugars, salts and proteins.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Betalaine
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  231-628-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  (S-(R′,R′)-4-(2-(2-Carboxy-5(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid; 1-(2-(2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridylidene)ethylidene)-5-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxyindolium-2-carboxylate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Betanin: C24H26N2O13
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  550,48
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content of red colour (expressed as betanine) is not less than 0,4 %
                  E1 cm
                     1 %1 120 at ca 535 nm in aqueous solution at pH 5
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red or dark red liquid, paste, powder or solid
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in water of pH 5 at ca 535 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Nitrate
               
               
                  Not more than 2 g nitrate anion/g of red colour (as calculated from assay).
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 163 ANTHOCYANINS
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Anthocyanins are obtained by extraction with sulphited water, acidified water, carbon dioxide, methanol or ethanol from the natural strains of vegetables and edible fruits. Anthocyanins contain common components of the source material, namely anthocyanine, organic acids, tannins, sugars, minerals etc., but not necessarily in the same proportions as found in the source material.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Anthocyanin
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  208-438-6 (cyanidin); 205-125-6 (peonidin); 208-437-0 (delphinidin); 211-403-8 (malvidin); 205-127-7 (pelargonidin)
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxy-flavylium chloride (cyanidin)
                  3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3′-methoxyflavylium chloride (peonidin)
                  3,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavylium chloride (malvidin)
                  3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5,trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride (delphinidin)
                  3,3′4′,5,7-Pentahydroxy-5′-methoxyflavylium chloride (petunidin)
                  3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrilium chloride (pelargonidin)
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Cyanidin: C15H11O6Cl
                  Peonidin: C16H13O6Cl
                  Malvidin: C17H15O7Cl
                  Delphinidin: C15H11O7Cl
                  Petunidin: C16H13O7Cl
                  Pelargonidin: C15H11O5Cl
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  Cyanidin: 322,6
                  Peonidin: 336,7
                  Malvidin: 366,7
                  Delphinidin: 340,6
                  Petunidin: 352,7
                  Pelargonidin: 306,7
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 300 for the pure pigment at 515-535 nm at pH 3,0
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Purplish-red liquid, powder or paste, having a slight characteristic odour
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in methanol with 0,01 % conc. HCl
                  Cyanidin: 535 nm
                  Peonidin: 532 nm
                  Malvidin: 542 nm
                  Delphinidin: 546 nm
                  Petunidin: 543 nm
                  Pelargonidin: 530 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Solvent residues
               
               
                  Methanol
                  Ethanol
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Sulfur dioxide
               
               
                  Not more than 1 000 mg/kg per percent pigment
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 170 CALCIUM CARBONATE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Pigment White 18, Chalk
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Calcium carbonate is the product obtained from ground limestone or by the precipitation of calcium ions with carbonate ions.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Inorganic
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77220
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  Calcium carbonate: 207-439-9
                  Limestone: 215-279-6
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Calcium carbonate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  CaCO3
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  100,1
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  White crystalline or amorphous, odourless and tasteless powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Solubility
               
               
                  Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. Dissolves with effervescence in diluted acetic acid, in diluted hydrochloric acid and in diluted nitric acid, and the resulting solutions, after boiling, give positive tests for calcium.
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 2,0 % (200 °C, 4 hours)
               
            
                  Acid-insoluble substances
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Magnesium and alkali salts
               
               
                  Not more than 1,5 %
               
            
                  Fluoride
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg
               
            
                  Antimony (as Sb)
                  Copper (as Cu)
                  Chromium (as Cr)
                  Zinc (as Zn)
                  Barium (as Ba)
               
               
                  Not more than 100 mg/kg, singly or in combination
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 171 TITANIUM DIOXIDE
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Pigment White 6
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Titanium dioxide consists essentially of pure anatase and/or rutile titanium dioxide which may be coated with small amounts of alumina and/or silica to improve the technological properties of the product.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Inorganic
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77891
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  236-675-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Titanium dioxide
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  TiO2
                  
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  79,88
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 99 % on an alumina and silica-free basis
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  White to slightly coloured powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Solubility
               
               
                  Insoluble in water and organic solvents. Dissolves slowly in hydrofluoric acid and in hot concentrated sulfuric acid.
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 % (105 °C, 3 hours)
               
            
                  Loss on ignition
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 % on a volatile matter free basis (800 °C)
               
            
                  Aluminium oxide and/or silicon dioxide
               
               
                  Total not more than 2,0 %
               
            
                  Matter soluble in 0,5 N HCl
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 % on an alumina and silica-free basis and, in addition, for products containing alumina and/or silica, not more than 1,5 % on the basis of the product as sold.
               
            
                  Water soluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Antimony
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg by total dissolution
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg by total dissolution
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg by total dissolution
               
            
                  Zink
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg by total dissolution
               
            
                  E 172 IRON OXIDES AND IRON HYDROXIDES
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  
                              Iron Oxide Yellow
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              CI Pigment Yellow 42 and 43
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Red
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              CI Pigment Red 101 and 102
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Black
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              CI Pigment Black 11
                           
                        
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Iron oxides and iron hydroxides are produced synthetically and consist essentially of anhydrous and/or hydrated iron oxides. The range of hues includes yellows, reds, browns and blacks. Food quality iron oxides are primarily distinguished from technical grades by the comparatively low levels of contamination by other metals. This is achieved by the selection and control of the source of the iron and/or by the extent of chemical purification during the manufacturing process.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Inorganic
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  
                              Iron Oxide Yellow
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              77492
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Red
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              77491
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Black
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              77499
                           
                        
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  
                              Iron Oxide Yellow
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              257-098-5
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Red
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              215-168-2
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Black
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              235-442-5
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  
                              Iron Oxide Yellow
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              hydrated ferric oxide, hydrated iron (III) oxide
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Red
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              anhydrous ferric oxide, anhydrous iron (III) oxide
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Black
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              ferroso ferric oxide, iron (II, III) oxide
                           
                        
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  
                              Iron Oxide Yellow
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              FeO(OH)·H2O
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Red
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              Fe2O3
                              
                           
                        
                              Iron Oxide Black
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              FeO·Fe2O3
                              
                           
                        
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  
                              88,85
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              FeO(OH)
                           
                        
                              159,70
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              Fe2O3
                              
                           
                        
                              231,55
                           
                           
                              :
                           
                           
                              FeO·Fe2O3
                              
                           
                        
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Yellow not less than 60 %, red and black not less than 68 % total iron, expressed as iron
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Powder; yellow, red, brown or black in hue
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Solubility
               
               
                  Insoluble in water and in organic solvents
                  Soluble in concentrated mineral acids
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Water soluble matter
               
               
                  Not more than 1,0 %
               
               
                  By total dissolution
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 5 mg/kg
               
            
                  Barium
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 5 mg/kg
               
            
                  Chromium
               
               
                  Not more than 100 mg/kg
               
            
                  Copper
               
               
                  Not more than 50 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 20 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Nickel
               
               
                  Not more than 200 mg/kg
               
            
                  Zinc
               
               
                  Not more than 100 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 173 ALUMINIUM
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Pigment Metal, Al
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Aluminium powder is composed of finely divided particles of aluminium. The grinding may or may not be carried out in the presence of edible vegetable oils and/or food additive quality fatty acids. It is free from admixture with substances other than edible vegetable oils and/or food additive quality fatty acids.
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77000
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  231-072-3
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Aluminium
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Al
               
            
                  Atomic weight
               
               
                  26,98
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Not less than 99 % calculated as Al on an oil-free basis
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  A silvery-grey powder or tiny sheets
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Solubility
               
               
                  Insoluble in water and in organic solvents. Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. The resulting solution gives positive tests for aluminium.
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Loss on drying
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 % (105 °C, to constant weight)
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
                  E 174 SILVER
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Argentum, Ag
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Inorganic
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77820
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  231-131-3
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Silver
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Ag
               
            
                  Atomic weight
               
               
                  107,87
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 99,5 % Ag
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Silver-coloured powder or tiny sheets
               
            
                  E 175 GOLD
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  Pigment Metal 3, Aurum, Au
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Inorganic
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  77480
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  231-165-9
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Gold
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  Au
               
            
                  Atomic weight
               
               
                  197,0
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 90 % Au
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Gold-coloured powder or tiny sheets
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Silver
               
               
                  Not more than 7,0 %
               
               
                  After complete dissolution
               
            
                  Copper
               
               
                  Not more than 4,0 %
               
            
                  E 180 LITHOLRUBINE BK
               
            
                  
                     Synonyms
                  
               
               
                  CI Pigment Red 57, Rubinpigment, Carmine 6B
               
            
                  
                     Definition
                  
               
               
                  Lithol Rubine BK consists essentially of calcium 3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphthalenecarboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters together with water, calcium chloride and/or calcium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.
               
            
                  Class
               
               
                  Monoazo
               
            
                  Colour Index No
               
               
                  15850:1
               
            
                  Einecs
               
               
                  226-109-5
               
            
                  Chemical names
               
               
                  Calcium 3-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphthalene-carboxylate
               
            
                  Chemical formula
               
               
                  C18H12CaN2O6S
               
            
                  Molecular weight
               
               
                  424,45
               
            
                  Assay
               
               
                  Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters
                  E1 cm
                     1 % 200 at ca 442 nm in dimethylformamide
               
            
                  
                     Description
                  
               
               
                  Red powder
               
            
                  Identification
               
            
                  Spectrometry
               
               
                  Maximum in dimethylformamide at ca 442 nm
               
            
                  Purity
               
            
                  Subsidiary colouring matters
               
               
                  Not more than 0,5 %
               
            
                  Organic compounds other than colouring matters:
               
               
                   
               
            
                  2-Amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, calcium salt
               
               
                  Not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, calcium salt
               
               
                  Not more than 0,4 %
               
            
                  Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines
               
               
                  Not more than 0,01 % (expressed as aniline)
               
            
                  Ether extractable matter
               
               
                  From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 %
               
            
                  Arsenic
               
               
                  Not more than 3 mg/kg
               
            
                  Lead
               
               
                  Not more than 10 mg/kg
               
            
                  Mercury
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Cadmium
               
               
                  Not more than 1 mg/kg
               
            
                  Heavy metals (as Pb)
               
               
                  Not more than 40 mg/kg
               
            
         (1)  Colour intensity is defined as the absorbance of a 0,1 % (w/v) solution of caramel colour solids in water in a 1 cm cell at 610 nm.
      
         (2)  Expressed on equivalent colour basis i.e. is expressed in terms of a product having a colour intensity of 0,1 absorbance units.
      
         (3)  Absorbance ratio of alcohol precipitate is defined as the absorbance of the precipitate at 280 nm divided by the absorbance at 560 nm (1 cm cell).
      
         (4)  Benzene not more than 0,05 % v/v.
   
   
      ANNEX II
      PART A
      Repealed Directive with list of its successive amendments
      (referred to in Article 2)
      
                  Commission Directive 95/45/EC
               
               
                  (OJ L 226, 22.9.1995, p. 1)
               
            
                  Commission Directive 1999/75/EC
               
               
                  (OJ L 206, 5.8.1999, p. 19)
               
            
                  Commission Directive 2001/50/EC
               
               
                  (OJ L 190, 12.7.2001, p. 14)
               
            
                  Commission Directive 2004/47/EC
               
               
                  (OJ L 113, 20.4.2004, p. 24)
               
            
                  Commission Directive 2006/33/EC
               
               
                  (OJ L 82, 21.3.2006, p. 10)
               
            PART B
      List of time-limits for transposition into national law
      (referred to in Article 2)
      
                  Directive
               
               
                  Time-limit for transposition
               
            
                  95/45/EC
               
               
                  1 July 1996 (1)
                  
               
            
                  1999/75/EC
               
               
                  1 July 2000
               
            
                  2001/50/EC
               
               
                  29 June 2002
               
            
                  2004/47/EC
               
               
                  1 April 2005 (2)
                  
               
            
                  2006/33/EC
               
               
                  10 April 2007
               
            
         (1)  According to Article 2(2) of Directive 95/45/EC, products put on the market or labelled before 1 July 1996 which do not comply with that Directive may, however, be marketed until stocks are exhausted.
      
         (2)  According to Article 3 of Directive 2004/47/EC, products on the market or labelled before 1 April 2005 which do not comply with that Directive may be marketed until stocks are exhausted.
   
   
      ANNEX III
      Correlation table
      
                  Directive 95/45/EC
               
               
                  This Directive
               
            
                  Article 1, first paragraph
               
               
                  Article 1
               
            
                  Article 1, second paragraph
               
               
                  —
               
            
                  Article 2
               
               
                  —
               
            
                  —
               
               
                  Article 2
               
            
                  Article 3
               
               
                  Article 3
               
            
                  Article 4
               
               
                  Article 4
               
            
                  Annex
               
               
                  Annex I
               
            
                  —
               
               
                  Annex II
               
            
                  —
               
               
                  Annex III