CELEX: 51991PC0361
Language: en
Date: 1991-10-21
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION adopting the work programme for the implementation of the specific programme of research and technological development in the field of industrial and Materials Technologies ( 1991-1994 )

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                              C0M(91)361  final
                                                              Brussels, 21 October 1991
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                                              Proposal for a
                                             COUNCIL PECISIQN
                 adopting the Workprogramme for the implementation of the specific
                 programme of research and technological development in the field of
                 Industrial and Materials Technologies (1991-1994).
      'à J&!z
                                      (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                                :t
                              EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
    The Council Decision of 9 September 1991 (91/506/EEC) adopting a specific programme
    of research and technological development in the field of industrial and materials
    technologies, required in Article 7 par. 1, first indent, that the draft Workprogramme,
    provided for in its Article 5 par. 2, is submitted for opinion to the Committee of
    representatives of the Member States assisting the Commission with the implementation
    of the programme, in conformity with the procedure laid down in its Article 6.
    In accordance with this procedure, a draft ol the Workprogramme was submitted to the
    Committee on 12 September 1991 which was unable to give its opinion. Indeed, this
    draft Workprogramme did not obtain a qualified majority. The difficulties centred
    exclusively around the inclusion of a list of targeted projects (Chapter II.4 of the draft
    Workprogramme). Targeted projects are a strategic element of the Community R&D
    policy, necessary to strengthen the European industrial competitiveness, as required by
    art. 130F of the Treaty. In particular the "Environmentally friendly vehicle" is a subject
    of economic, social and environmental importance to the Community and, as specifically
    referred to in the Council decision (90/221/Euratom, EEC) on the 1990-1994 Framework
    Programme, a subject reflecting the needs created by the setting up of the large internal
    markets.
    In accordance with Article 6 par. 4, of the aforementioned Council decision of 9
    September 1991, it is incumbent on the Commission to submit to the Council a proposal
    on the measures to be taken.
    It is urgent to adopt the draft Workprogramme, which is the basis for calls for proposals
    foreseen in Art. 5, para 2, in order to avoid delay in launching research and technological
    development projects needed to strengthen the scientific base of European manufacturing
    industry. Without the adoption of the Workprogramme, the Commission can not
    formally publish calls for proposals.
(2)
 ---pagebreak---                                                  IT
                                            Proposal for a
                                   COUNCIL DECISION
                   of
                   adopting the Workprogramme for the implementation of the specific
                   programme of research and technological development in the field of
                   Industrial and Materials Technologies (1991-1994).
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Council Decision 91/506/EEC of 9 September 1991 adopting
a specific programme of research and technological development in the field of
industrial and materials technologies (1990 to 1994)1, and in particular Art. 6 para
4 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal of the Commission2;
Whereas Article 5 par. 2 of the above-mentioned Council Decision 91/506/EEC
foresees that a Workprogramme shall be drawn up setting out the detailed objectives
and types of projects to be undertaken, and the financial arrangements to be made
for them;
Whereas Article 7 par. 1, 1st indent, of the above-mentioned Council Decision
foresees that this Workprogramme is approved according to the procedure foreseen
in its Article 6;
Whereas in conformity with this procedure a draft Workprogramme has been
submitted to the Committee assisting the Commission, and as it has not delivered
a favorable opinion within a time limit which the Chairman has laid down, and,
following this same procedure, it is incumbent on the Commission to submit to the
Council a proposal on the measures to be taken,
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS
                                          Sole Article
The Workprogramme set out in Annex I is hereby adopted.
Done at                                                               For the Council,
                                                                      The President
        1
         OJ N°L 269/30, 25.9.1991
        2
         OJ N° C not yet published
 ---pagebreak---                 iïT
INDUSTRIAL AND MATERIALS
      TECHNOLOGIES
         (1991 - 1994)
       (Brite/EuRam II)
    Draft Workprogramme
 ---pagebreak---  I.       BACKGROUND
 This programme is a direct follow-up of the previous BRITE/EURAM and Raw Materials-
 Recycling programmes. Its general objective is to contribute to the rejuvenation of European
 manufacturing industry by strengthening its scientific base through research and technological
 development. RTD effort will be directed towards integration of all aspects of the life cycle of
 materials and products, and will also take account of the more severe constraints as regards
 acceptability of technological developments. Those will include protection of the environment,
 working conditions, the continuous adaptation of the skills of the workforce to technological
 change, and new methods of management and organisation to ensure a smooth and effective
 relationship between technology and the working world.
 The present workprogramme is prepared in compliance with Article 5, paragraph 2, of the
 Council Decision adopting the programme. It includes the following sections :
         Detailed objectives and research tasks;
         Implementation : call for proposals, types of projects, financial arrangements.
 While a single research proposal need address only one element of the life cycle, it is to be
expected that preference will be given to proposals anticipating results arising from a
multidisciplinary approach with a breadth of eventual applications. Particular attention will be
paid to initiatives which provide the widest accessibility of results to potential exploiters and
eventual users, taking account of the legitimate rights for the protection of intellectual and
industrial property.
 II. DETAILED OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH TASKS
Area 1 : MATERIALS - RAW MATERIALS
The focus is on improving the performance of both advanced and traditional materials at a cost
which permits competitive industrial exploitation over a broad range of applications. This extends
to improving the technologies to ensure the supply of raw material resources and for recycling,
so promoting an integrated approach to the whole life cycle of materials. It also includes the cost
effective use of new materials in a broad range of products and applications and their diffusion
to new application fields.
 ---pagebreak---     RAW MATERIALS AND RECYCLING
  1.1.     RAW MATERIALS
  1.1.1.   Exploration Technology
 Objectives
 To provide new or improved low cost tools and better geological concepts for use in the mining
 industry in exploration. To improve the know-how and hardware in this field and detection-
 monitoring techniques and mapping of polluted mine areas.
 Research Tasks
 1.1.1.1 To develop and test advanced approaches for the exploration and the discovery of deposits
          and evaluation of known targets.
 1.1.1.2 To refine deposit models and exploration concepts.
 1.1.1.3 To ''efinc methods and techniques for the calculation of ore reserves.
 1.1.1.4 To develop and improve integrated systems based on multidala analysis.
 1.1.1.5 To develop and test new and improved cost effective geophysical and gcochcmical
         exploration methods such as Transient Electromagnetic Measurements (TEM), optical
         spectrometry and analysis of platinum group elements (PGE).
 1.1.1.6 To apply and assess recently developed exploration techniques such as ground geophysical
          like gcoradar, seismic methods and airborne systems and to evaluate their potential lor
         broader application.
 1.1.1.7 To develop advanced exploration equipment like miniaturisation of instruments such as
         spectrometers and downhole logging tools, and to develop more cost-effective drilling
         techniques.
 1.1.1.8 To develop and test exploration techniques for environmental monitoring, detection and
         mapping of polluted areas around mines and quarries (sec also 1.1.2.7. and 1.1.2.8.).
1.1.2-    Mining Technology
Objectives
To develop techniques which can enable an increase in productivity, such as an amelioration in the
operating costs of mining opcrations 1 having regard to environmental and safety aspects and the
ability to assess the social and economic impact of mining and quarrying.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 3
 Research Tasks
 1.1.2.1 To develop techniques and systems for rock cutting and continuous quarrying and mining.
 1.1.2.2 To develop specialised techniques to improve safety and working conditions, and
          environmental protection.
 1.1.2.3 To develop selective exploitation methods minimising waste production (see also 1.1.3.6.).
 1.1.2.4 To develop new concepts for open pit mining as well as new concepts to optimise and
          integrate mining unit operations such as backfilling, drilling, blasting and transportation.
 1.1.2.5 To improve the modelling and practical technologies for supporting systems, rock
          reinforcement and stability.
 1.1.2.6 To develop multidata analysis and advanced modelling and simulation for computer aided
          management and planning of mining operations.
 1.1.2.7 To develop simulation and modelling, and experimental techniques to optimise the
          rehabilitation of redundant sites of mines including their use for waste disposal (see also
          1.1.1.8.).
 1.1.2.8 To develop techniques which assess the social and economic consequences of placing
          environmental constraints on mines and quarries, (see also 1.1.1.8.).
1.13.     Mineral Processing
Objectives
To improve existing processes and to develop innovative technologies to be applied to full scale
operations based on laboratory scale research and to optimise methods and techniques used in the
various treatments of mineral concentrates, tailings and residues of mines and metallurgical plants
in order to reduce production costs of new and existing plants and alleviate environmental
problems.
Research Tasks
1.1.3.1 To characterise industrial minerals and stones in order to improve their processing
         technology and suitability for alternative uses.
1.1.3.2 To improve physical and chemical mineral separation techniques.
1.1.3.3 To improve techniques for mineral processing and extractive metallurgy such as hydro-,
         biohydro-, and electro and pyrometallurgy (including slag chemistry).
1.1.3.4 To develop technologies which will reduce emissions and energy consumption and increase
         the range of acceptability of feed materials in mineral and stone processing plants.
1.1.3.5 To develop methods and techniques for the fixation and stabilisation of metals and toxic
        compounds in final residues, mining wastes, slags and tailings.
 ---pagebreak---  1.1.3.6 To develop new process routes and equipment which optimise quality yield, and minimise
         production of waste (see also 1.1.2.3.)
 1.1.3.7 To develop instrumentation, particularly sensors, for monitoring processes, materials and
         product quality.
 1.1.3.8 To develop mathematical models and simulations of mineral processing and extractive
         metallurgy unit processes and their integration into operating plants. To develop expert and
         automated systems.
 1.2.     RECYCLING
1.2.1.   Recycling and Recovery of Industrial Waste including Non Ferrous Metals
Objectives
To develop new technologies for physical and/or chemical treatment of residues, scraps and
industrial waste in order to improve the recovery rates and minimise environmental problems.
Research in this respect will cover pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and refining techniques applied
to processing of complex residues, alloys and multi-element scraps.
Research Tasks
1.2.1.1    To characterise, identify, classify and quantify secondary materials and used non-ferrous
           metals arising from industrial activities. To develop quality control methods for secondary'
           materials before recycling, utilisation or controlled disposal.
  1.2.1.2 To optimise existing separation, concentration and recycling processes at industrial level,
           in respect to energy saving, flexibility of feed, concentration and reduction of emissions.
 1.2.1.3 To develop new separation, concentration and recycling processes for more efficient
           recovery of valuable materials from scraps and industrial wastes including linings of
           refractory materials avoiding external contamination.
 1.2.1.4 To develop cost effective pyrometallurgical processes such as plasma and laser processes
          capable of accepting fluctuations of feed concentrations to recover basic, special and
          precious metals originating from industrial sectors, metal industry wastes, complex
           residues, spent catalysts, used goods and equipment.
 1.2.1.5 To develop cost effective biohydrometallurgical, photocatalytic and hydrometallurgical
          processes to treat slags, residues, industrial liquid effluents and wastes for recovery of
          metals, salts and valuable materials, and decontamination to minimize pollution.
 1.2.1.6 To develop advanced technologies for reduction and refining secondary products and
          wastes e.g. by : fluid bed technology, aqueous electrolysis, vacuum distillation, plasma
          technology, molten salt electrolysis, and chloride technology.
 1.2.1.7 To develop technologies which recover and recycle metals from materials containing
          organic and metaplastic compound structures while minimising environmental damage.
 ---pagebreak---     1.2.1.8 To develop computer based models to assess the economic viability and availability of
             secondary materials for recycling and metallurgical models to predict the effect of multiple
              recycling on the characteristics and processibility of raw materials.
   1.2.2.    Recycling, recovery and reuse of advanced materials.
   Objectives
   To improve recycling technologies seeking to reuse advanced materials waste in order to enhance
   the quality of the new products or compounds having a high level of quality and economic value.
   Research Tasks
   1.2.2.1 To characterise, classify and quantify advanced materials wastes and to develop quality
             control methods for secondary materials before recycling, reuse or controlled disposal.
   1.2.2.2 To develop analytical and marking techniques for identification. To develop safe, cost
             effective technologies for the recycling of residues and scraps, originating from organic
             and inorganic composite and other advanced materials.
   1.2.2.3 To develop models to assess the economic viability and availability of advanced materials
             for recycling and to predict the effects of multiple recycling on the physical characteristics
             and processibility of the initial materials.
  NEW AND IMPROVED              MATERIALS       AND THEIR        PROCESSING
1.3.       STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
13.1.      Metals and Metal Matrix Composites
Objectives
To secure the advances needed to exploit fully the potential of new alloys, composites and their
processing; and in particular the technologies to address the problems associated with series
production. Additionally, to develop high temperature resistant superalloys, intermetallics, metallic
powders, metal glasses, hard metals, wear resistant alloys and coatings which are required for specific
applications with complex design specifications.
Research Tasks
1.3.1.1    To develop cost-effective technologies for the synthesis and production of metallic
           materials and alloys aimed at a broader range of final products with high quality and
           performance.
1.3.1.2    To develop alloys, structural intermetallics and metal matrix composite systems with specific
           performance properties, such as improved stiffness, increased strength to weight ratio,
           environmental and high temperature resistance.
1.3.1.3    To improve performance through the control of powder morphology and interface
           properties of metal matrix composites.
 ---pagebreak---       1.3.1.4  To develop thin or thick coating systems with improved functional properties for metallic
               substrates.
      1.3.1.5  To apply computer simulation techniques linking micro and macro structural modelling.
      1.3.1.6  To develop techniques for assessing the long term stability and behaviour of metallic
               materials.
      13.2.    Ceramics, Ceramic Matrix Composites and Advanced Glasses
     Objectives
     To advance the understanding and technologies of areas of critical importance such as quality,
     processing and reliability with particular emphasis on economic processing and tough, defect free
     products.
     Research Tasks
     1.3.2.1  To develop high temperature materials with increased strength, toughness, ductility and
              resistance to corrosion and erosion.
     1.3.2.2  To optimise powders as starting materials.
     1.3.2.3  To develop cost-effective and high-yield processing techniques for high quality materials
              and which permit their diffusion into new application fields.
     1.3.2.4  To improve consistency and reliability of components including long term in-service
              stability.
     1.3.2.5  To improve thermal shock resistance, creep resistance, thermal insulation and high
              temperature oxidation and corrosion behaviour.
     1.3.2.6  To develop probabilistic design methodologies for high performance           engineering
              components.
     1.3.2.7  To develop surface treatment technologies to aid manufacture and use in services.
     1.3.2.8  To apply computer simulation techniques linking micro and macrostructural modelling.
     1.3.2.9  To develop techniques for assessing the long term stability and behaviour of ceramic
              materials.
    133.      Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites
    Objectives
    To achieve a better understanding of the performance-structure capabilities of these materials and
    to extend the understanding of the relationship between materials properties and their process
    routes. Such advances could come about by innovative design and processing practices. To respond
(3)
 ---pagebreak---   to environmental concerns with new technical thermoplastics which retain their mechanical
 properties at higher temperature, and which can be produced through the lower cost thermal
 processing routes.
 Research Tasks
  1.3.3.1  To develop cost-effective polymeric materials, composites and fibres and adhesives for a
           broader range of application fields which have improved material properties such as
           resistance to aggressive environments, temperature, pressure, impact loading and solvents.
 1.3.3.2   To develop polymeric materials with specific properties which minimise environmental
           impact, such as biodegradability, recyclabilily and reusability.
 1.3.3.3   To develop cost-effective and high-yield processing techniques for high quality materials.
  1.3.3.4  To investigate new types of composites such as molecular and self reinforcing composites.
 1.3.3.5   To assess composite fibre/matrix interfaces through development of non-intrusive
           techniques.
 1.3.3.6   To develop high performance preimpregnated semi-finished products for, composite
           components, with applications where high strength and high toughness are required.
 1.3.3.7   To develop intelligent process design and control techniques for polymeric materials and
           their composites.
 1.3.3.8  To apply specific treatments for upgrading low-cost polymeric material into tailor-made
           high performance components.
 1.3.3.9  To apply mathematical modelling for material, product and process optimisation.
 1.3.3.10 To develop combined and fully integrated transformation techniques, such as injection
           moulding, lamination, and multilayer and sandwich formation, for innovative high
          performance structural materials.
 1.4.     FUNCTION AL M ATERIALS FOR M AGNETIQ SUPERCONDUCTING, OPTICAL,
          ELECTRICAL AND BIOMATERIAL APPLICATIONS
 1.4.1.   Magnetic Materials
Objectives
To meet the requirement for new materials with improved magnetic properties, which are easily
processed, as advanced magnetic materials including hard, semi hard and soft magnets and their
integration into components and systems.
Research Tasks
1.4.1.1   To develop advanced magnetic materials, such as the new rare earth types, with cost
          efficient processing.
 ---pagebreak---                                                  8
  1.4.1.2  To develop materials and their processing with improved high temperature magnetic
           performance and to develop improved permanent magnetic bulk materials with increased
           energy product and improved volumetric efficiency for specific applications such as electric
           motors and other electrical devices.
 1.4.1.3   To improve the structural capability of magnetic materials through innovative design of
           their synthesis, processing and control of composition.
 1.4.1.4   To improve functional capabilities of magnetic materials through multilayer formation.
 1.4.2     High temperature Superconducting Materials
 Objectives
 To develop high critical temperature and high current and flux density superconductors for power
 applications capable of being combined with other materials at low processing temperatures. To
 understand the new superconducting materials and their intrinsic properties.
 Research Tasks
 1.4.2.1   To develop reliable and cost-effective processing for the manufacture of high current
           superconductor material components such as wires, cables and layers.
 1.4.2.2   To establish a design methodology for increased component reliability, specially for the
           preparation of wires, cables, thin and thick layers.
 1.4.2.3  To develop processing routes such as sol-gel, mixing, sintering, spraying techniques for the
           preparation of well characterised and controlled powders for superconductors.
 1.4.2.4  To increase the understanding of basic property/structure/ stoichiometry relationships,
          including electrical and magnetic properties, as a function of phase segregation, anisolropy
          and grain boundary effects.
 1.4.3.   Electrical and Ionic Conducting Materials
Objectives
To advance the synthesis/processing technology for electrically conducting materials and conducting
material matrices which are at an early stage of technological development. To open up application
areas such as electric wires, energy storage and acoustic devices. To develop the materials necessary
for fuel cell systems for the production of clean electricity. To better understand the limits of
present technology and the means by which the limits can be surpassed by new processing methods.
Research Tasks
1.4.3.1   To develop electrical materials with better conductivity, higher strength and fatigue
          properties, corrosion and thermal resistance and spark erosion behaviour.
1.4.3.2   To develop solid ionic conductor materials for solid electrolytes in energy conversion
          devices.
 ---pagebreak---   1.4.33    To develop conducting polymeric materials systems containing inorganic fillers for high
           volume processing or for use in packaging and joining.
 1.4.3.4   To establish the relationship between polymeric material structures and their electrical and
           acoustic properties.
 1.4.3.5   To develop age hardened alloys and multi-layered composite materials which combine high
           electrical and thermal conductivity or electron emissivity together with improved mechanical
           properties and corrosion resistance.
 1.4.4.    Optical Materials
 Objectives
 To address the outstanding problems which include the availability of ultra pure materials with low
 optical losses for transmission systems, and materials processing including materials fabrication by
 Chemical Vapour Deposition processing for 2 or 3 dimensions.
 Research Tasks
 1 4.4.1 To develop new glass types with variable light transmission properties along with cost
           effective technologies for their application.
 1.4.4.2   To develop and characterise non linear optical materials, including organic materials and
           intermediate products.
 1.4.4.3   To develop active coatings such as magnetic, piezoelectric and chemical dye surface layers
           for sensors.
 1.4.4.4   To optimise elcctroluminiscent, clectrochromic, photochrome and thermochromic
           phenomena for producing optical materials with controllable light transmission and
          generation.
 1.4.5.    Biomalerials
Objectives
To meet the requirements for new biomaterials including metal alloys, ceramics, composites, glasses,
polymers and adhesives for applications such as orthopaedic and dental implants, soft tissue and
body fluid replacements, internal or external devices of permanent or temporary nature. To develop
technologies for cost effective operations for item manufacturing, clinical procedures and
rehabilitative systems.
Research Tasks
1.4.5.1   To develop special and medical grade materials with biocompatible and biofunctional
          properties for devices and load bearing implants.
1.4.5.2   To develop techniques for innovative design, modelling and clinical testing of new
          structures and complex shaped components and devices combining all aspects of reliable
          bio-operational ability : human tissues and implant compatibility.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 10
 1.4.5.3  To develop surface treatment techniques for medical devices to prevent erosion and
          corrosion and improved biointegration properties.
 1.5.     MASS COMMODITY MATERIALS
 1-5.1.   Packaging Materials
 Objectives
To improve the technologies needed for cost effective processing including automation and on-line
control, including the introduction of natural materials, the substitution of toxic materials and the
improved recycling of materials systems.
Research Tasks
 1.5.1.1  To develop environmental friendly packaging materials which are reusable, recyclable or
          dcgradable, and non toxic in use and disposal.
1.5.1.2. To improve current processing methods for increased productivity and for high added value
          packaging products.
1.5.2.    New Construction Industry Materials
Objectives
To improve materials currently used for civil construction and to develop new materials, including
composites, able to combine functional and structural characteristics.
Research Tasks
1.5.2.1  To develop new material technologies aiming at improved thermal insulation, sound
         shielding and mechanical integrity.
1.5.2.2  To develop introduction of novel production and assembly methods allowing a high degree
         of automation.
1.5.2.3  To investigate the degradation of construction materials and systems exposed to air, water,
         pollution, ultra violet radiation, temperature and humidity.
1.5.2.4  To develop structural adhesives which act as binders and reinforcement for hybrid
         prefabricated systems.
1.5.2.5  To develop techniques for the use of metallic or organic materials as reinforcement for
         concrete, glasses and ceramics, leading to systems with high corrosion resistance, good
         thermal and sound insulation and increased fire security.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 11
 Area 2 : DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
 The objective is to improve the capability of industry to design and manufacture products which are,
 at the same time, of high quality, easy to maintain, highly competitive and environmentally and
 socially acceptable.
 2.1.      DESIGN OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES
2.1.1.     Innovative design tools and techniques
Objectives
To develop design tools such as decision support systems to promote more efficient design methods,
more economic manufacture, assembly and dismantling, and reliable and ergonomie products.
Research Tasks
2.1.1.1    To develop decision support systems for design in the areas of materials and standardised
           components which incorporate mathematical modelling, production characteristics, product
           performance and anthropometric data.
2.1.1.2    To establish methods for validation and certification of design support, modelling and
           analysis tools.
2.1.1.3   To develop techniques for minimising the "design to product" time based on value analysis,
          modelling, simulation and rapid prototyping techniques.
2.1.1.4   To develop a methodology for modelling of the whole engineering process from conceptual
          to detailed design, including representation of functional tolcrancing, and to validate the
          approach.
2.1.2.    Design Methodologies for complex components
 Objectives
To develop approaches for the incorporation of multifunctional components in product design. To
 advance the capability of high precision and micro-engineering systems together with design for
micro-miniaturisation.
Research Tasks
2.1.2.1 To establish new approaches to, and applications for, the design of multi-functional
         components.
2.1.2.2 To develop multidisciplinary approaches to the design of integrated systems such as
         mechatronics, optomatronics, and multi-component systems.
2.1.23 To develop design methodologies for high precision and microengineering systems relating
         to mechanics and materials behaviour at microstructural level.
 ---pagebreak---                                                     12
  2 13.     Maintainability and reliability
  Objectives
 T:> develop the support tools, including sensor systems, for improved product performance,
  reliability and maintainability. To advance the capability and applicability of mathematical modelling
 to support design, including the integration of modelling techniques with defect and failure mode
 analysis needed for reliability and predictive maintenance.
 Research Tasks
 2.1.3.1 To improve design methods and modelling capabilities for products and processes with
           respect to quality, reliability, durability, maintainability and safety.
 2.1.3.2 To develop reliability support systems which provide information on component behaviour
           based on the analysis of their deterioration and failure.
 2.1.3.3 To develop techniques for predictive maintenance including condition monitoring and
           vibration analyses.
 2.1.3.4 To develop integrated system design incorporating sensors with improved performance and
           reliability.
 2.1.3.5 To develop techniques for minimising noise and vibration generated by products and
           manufacturing equipment.
 2.2.      MANUFACTURING
 2.2.1.    Tools, techniques and systems for High Quality Manufacturing
 Objectives
To develop skill supporting technologies to make human skills and judgment more effective in the
manufacturing process. To develop innovative tools and techniques for high quality and cost
effective manufacturing systems to give better process control, higher precision and faster operation
and the integration of new processing technologies with established manufacturing processes.
Research Tasks
2.2.1.1 To develop improved models to exploit knowledge based systems for manufacturing
          processes.
2.2.1.2 To improve systems, which may include robotics, for workpiece fixturing, transport and safe
          handling in manufacturing.
2.2.1.3 To develop cost-effective manufacturing processes such as cutting, machining, grinding,
          forming, joining and bonding to improve productivity, quality and precision.
2.2.1.4 To develop cost effective high power beam processes, fibre optics for beam delivery
          systems, and associated acoustical and optical inspection and test techniques.
 ---pagebreak---                                                  13
  2.2.1.5 To develop and integrate technologies relating to high quality surface treatments within the
           manufacturing process.
  2.2.1.6 To develop flexible and economic manufacturing systems for small batches of a large
           number of variants.
 2.2.2.    Manufacturing Techniques for Industrial Use of Advanced Materials
 Objectives
 To develop cost-effective and efficient manufacturing techniques for advanced materials to help
 realise their full potential.
 Research Tasks
 2.2.2.1 To improve and extend the capability for net and near net shape forming of advanced
          materials, including the automation of preformed manufacture.
 2.2.2.2 To develop cost-effective machining techniques for difficult and advanced materials
          associated wherever possible with process modelling.
 2.2.2.3 To develop and automate equipment for the economic manufacture of composites and
          ceramics.
 2.2.2.4 To improve assembly and joining technologies for advanced materials and components
 2.2.2.5 To develop non-destructive tests and quality assurance techniques for adhesive bonds and
          composite materials.
2.2.2.6 To develop and extend surface treatment and surface finishing techniques suitable for
          advanced materials and methods for their inspection.
2.2.3.    Integrated Approach to Chemical and Process Engineering
Objectives
To tailor manufacturing technology to the requirements of chemical engineering and to integrate
design with process control. To advance the understanding needed to design and control chemical
processes with increasing complexity to include avoidance and prevention of pollution.
Research Tasks
2.2.3.1 To improve the design and control of chemical and biochemical reactors for increased
         flexibility, productivity and better product quality
2.2.3.2 To develop techniques to combine individual chemical process steps in material synthesis,
         material processing and particle technology through a better understanding of basic
         chemical and physical phenomena.
2.2.3.3 To develop innovative separation techniques, (see also 1.1.3.2.)
 ---pagebreak---                                                  14
  2.23.4 To model chemical reactions which are important to manufacturing processes such as
          reaction injection moulding, etching, deposition and bonding.
 2.2.3.5 To develop models of multiphase systems and intcrfacial phenomena for process design and
          control
 2.23.6 To develop a better understanding of processes in which reactions, catalysis and transport
          phenomena are strongly coupled, and where the product quality depends strongly on the
          coupling.
 2.23.7 To optimise chemical engineering processes through an integrated approach to process
          design, modelling and control for recycling, environmental protection and process safety
 23.      ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR THE WHOLE PRODUCT
         LIFE CYCLE
 23.1.   Design Integrating Strategics
 Objectives
 To develop new and more holistic approaches to support the integration of engineering tasks for
 the whole product life cycle, such as simultaneous engineering concepts which bring together
 design, engineering and manufacturing.
 Research Tasks
 2.3.1.1 To develop design optimisation strategies and constraint modelling techniques for the whole
         product life cycle, including recycling and disposal.
2.3.1.2 To develop systematic approaches in the context of the extended enterprise to reduce
         design to product lead time, and increase manufacturing flexibility.
2.3.1.3 To extend multidisciplinary approaches such as simultaneous engineering for integrating
         engineering tasks and engineering management tasks.
2.3.1.4 To extend novel design, redesign and costing practices, taking account of whole product life
         cycle, including recycling or disposal.
23.2.    Engineering
Objectives
To bring an integrated approach making full use of new materials, new design and manufacturing
technologies and process and product control to traditional manufacturing industries, with particular
attention to new requirements for environmental control and improved working conditions.
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  Research Tasks
 2.3.2.1 To extend the field of application for flexible manufacturing techniques taking full use of
          new materials and new technologies.
 2.3.2.2 To develop new design and engineering methods for ease of manufacture, assembly, use and
          dismantling of products, including ergonomie such as innovative approaches to
          préfabrication and modular design.
 2.3.2.3 To develop interactive engineering techniques that will improve working conditions and
          ergonomics.
 2.3.2.4 'To develop engineering methodologies for extending the application of the total quality
         concept throughout the whole product cycle.
 23.3.   Human Factors in Engineering and Manufacturing Management
 Objectives
 To accelerate the take up of new technology by developing new management techniques which
 allow identification and reconciliation of potential areas of conflict between new technologies and
 human resources. To improve methods for the evaluation of the performance of products and
 processes and their linkage to the overall business.
 Research Tasks
2.3.3.1 To develop strategies for improving the management and organisation of design,
         manufacture and construction so as to make the best use of available resources and new
         technologies.
2.3.3.2 To develop management support systems for the evaluation, control, forecasting and
         measurement of production requirements and resources within industry.
2.3.3.3 To develop techniques for quantifying, evaluating and matching human skills and experience
         with specific job requirements.
Area 3 : AERONAUTICS
The objective is to strengthen the technology base of the European aeronautical industry and to
contribute to the knowledge base which supports actions to minimise environmental impact and
enhance the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations.
3.1.     ENVIRONMENT RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
Objectives
To provide new or improved tools and techniques for analysis, prediction and control of air vehicle
exterior noise, interior noise and exhaust emissions.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 16
  Research Tasks
 3.1.1.  To develop improved tools and techniques for prediction and control of exterior noise from
         advanced propellers, propfans and helicopter rotors.
 3.1.2.  To develop and evaluate cost effective techniques for reducing aircraft interior noise.
 3.13.   To develop low emission combustor technology.
 3.2.    TECHNOLOGIES OF AIRCRAFT OPERATION
 Objectives
 To provide new or improved tools and techniques for monitoring the health of aircraft systems,
 designing structures resistant to fatigue, crash and fire, and for integration of the air vehicle in
 future advanced ATC systems.
 Research Tasks
 3.2.1.  To develop and validate improved design tools for treating acoustic fatigue.
 3.2.2.  To develop improved techniques for health and usage monitoring.
 3.2.3.  To develop improved techniques for crashworthiness analysis.
 3.2.4.  To develop improved techniques for fire risk analysis and detection.
3.2.5.  To develop improved flight managcment/ATC interface techniques.
33.     AERODYNAMICS AND AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
Objectives
To advance CFD techniques, laminar flow technology, tools for analysis of propulsion integration
and techniques for analysis of the acrothermodynamics of turbomachinery.
Research Tasks
3.3.1.  To develop and validate new and improved CFD tools for flow solution, post processing and
        aerodynamic design optimisation.
3.3.2.  To develop improved techniques for natural and hybrid laminar flow control.
3.3.3.  To develop improved experimental means for study of propulsion system integration.
3.3.4.  To develop improved techniques for analysis of wing mounted ducted propulsion systems.
3.3.5.  To develop improved tools for analysis of helicopter rotor/fuselage interaction.
3.3.6.  To develop improved tools for analysis of axial and mixed flow compressor aerothermodynamics.
 ---pagebreak---                                               17
  3.3.7.  To develop improved tools for analysis of turbine aerothermodynamics.
 33.8.    To develop improved turbulence models (focused fundamental research only)
 3.4.     AERONAUTICAL STRUCTURES AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
 Objectives
 To advance techniques for realisation of large pressurised composite fuselage structures.
 Research Tasks
 3.4.1.  To develop design concepts for pressurised fuselage structures of composite and/or metal
          laminate.
 3.5.    AVIONIC SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES
 Objectives
 To provide new or improved techniques for design of modular, high integrity airborne information
 processing and sensing systems and for analysis and design of man machine interaction on the flight
 deck.
 Research Tasks
 3.5.1.  To develop techniques and tools for integration and evaluation of complex, flight critical,
         fault tolerant avionic equipments and systems.
3.5.2.   To develop and evaluate new and improved techniques for electronic and/or optical sensing
         and data processing, including standardisation issues.
3.5.3.   To develop improved techniques and architecture for flight critical signal processing and
         data fusion.
3.5.4.   To develop advanced flight deck concepts and related techniques for optimising man-
         machine interaction.
3.5.5.   To develop improved techniques for design and analysis of the helicopter cockpit and its
         functioning.
3.6.     MECHANICAL, UTILITY AND ACTUATION TECHNOLOGIES
Objectives
To provide new or improved techniques for design of key equipment components of the air vehicle
system.
 ---pagebreak---                                                 18
  Research Tasks
  3.6.1.  To develop and validate new concepts and modelling techniques for provision of the landing
          gear function.
  3.6.2.  To develop non-bleed air based techniques for deicing and/or cabin conditioning.
  3.6.3.  To develop and validate advanced techniques for integrated fuel management systems.
  3.6.4.  To develop advanced techniques for electrically powered actuators with integrated
          electronic information processing.
  4.      TARGETED PROJECTS
 The concept of Targeted Projects is to secure the holistic benefits of coordinating a group of
 complementary projects, covering different technologies of the programme, around one specific
 objective. This will be of importance to a range of industries made up of users, suppliers and
 producers, including SMEs. The scientific and technological content of the projects will draw on
 the research topics of areas 1 and 2 of the programme and will be published with the normal calls
 for proposals. The first four of the following will be included in the first call for proposals. The
 subjects for the second call will be selected later from a list which would include quick response in
 textile-clothing-distribution and clean manufacturing. Where appropriate, Targeted Projects will
 be coordinated with complementary activities in other specific programmes.
 An indication of the technologies which might be coordinated as Targeted Projects is as follows :
 4.1.     Environmentally friendly technologies
 a) will include manufacturing and materials technologies necessary for vehicles with reduced
environmental impact particularly in terms of pollution, safety, noise and consumption of materials.
 Accordingly, RTD could include advanced design, materials, manufacturing and recycling
 technologies with particular attention to the product life cycle and to the propulsion system. Design
 technologies leading to "lean" supply, assembly technologies, materials technologies covering
composite material systems with the potential for increased performance and styling flexibility, and
manufacturing technologies for mass or "lean" batch production to meet the quality, flexibility and
cost constraints are likely to be of importance.
b) technologies for construction which are better suited to the needs of the user in terms of a
controllable working environment and flexibility, and can be designed, constructed, maintained and
reused in a safe and efficient manner with minimum impact on the environment Research might
include design, materials, manufacturing and construction techniques and, in particular, the
development of specifications for performance requirements, simulation and calculation models for
structural design, the scope and durability of new materials, flexible manufacturing and assembly
systems and repair technologies.
 ---pagebreak---                                                    19
  4.2.     Technologies for infrastructures and networks
  a) manufacturing and materials technologies for the railway network to fulfil its potential
  contribution to the transport infrastructure of the Community. High speed freight and urban
  elements can be included, so reducing overall traffic congestion and noise and improving transport
  efficiency. The principal technical areas to be addressed could include aerodynamics, mechanical
  and electrical systems, internal and external noise and vibration suppression, advanced braking
  systems, together with passenger comfort and safety.
  b) technologies which will help the European shipbuilding industry - the ships and supporting
  infrastructure - secure competitiveness in world markets, particularly reliable, efficient, automated
  and clean systems. The emphasis should be on prevention of environmental risks, particularly when
 carrying polluting or dangerous cargoes, minimising operational costs by automated processes and
  low manning, economic and safe high speed marine transport, reduced construction time and cost.
 43.       Flexible and clean manufacturing
 a) technologies for greater flexibility, efficiency and accuracy and improved quality, productivity and
 fast response of each stage and integrate the textile, clothing and distribution chain so that it can
 respond quickly and efficiently to market needs. Research could cover process technologies,
 materials development, automation, cutting and joining, materials handling, quality control and the
 management of the process.
 b) technologies which respond to ever more demanding environmental considerations with safer,
 less polluting and less wasteful processes. On the process side this could include process and
 command control, sensors, materials engineering, equipment design and manufacture, and
 environmental monitoring. Also of importance are advances in precision machinery, flexible
 manufacturing systems and materials handling and machinery for new materials and new
applications alongside an improvement in manufacturing management and organisation.
 III. IMPLEMENTATION
The programme will be implemented by means of research projects, concerted actions and
accompanying measures.
1.        R&D Projects and Concerted Actions
With the exception of the accompanying measures, research will be implemented by means of
shared-cost contracts and concerted actions. The indicative budget foreseen for these activities over
the duration of the programme is : Raw Materials and Recycling - 80 MECU; Materials - 228.8
MECU; Design and Manufacturing -301.5 MECU; Aeronautics (over 3 years) - 53 MECU.
 ---pagebreak---                                                  20
   For shared-cost projects, Community financial participation will not normally be more than 50%
   of total costs. Universities and other research centres participating in shared-cost projects will have
  the option of requesting, for each project, either 50% funding of total expenditure or 100% funding
  of the additional marginal costs. Shared cost projects will include the following types of action :
  Industrial Research projects will have a minimum size of at least 10 man-years and must be in the
  range of 1-5 MECU total costs in Areas 1 and 2 (for Area 3 projects should be typically in the
  range 3-5 MECU), cover a period of approximately 3 years and include at least 2 industrial partners
  from different Member States.
  Focused Fundamental Research projects, upstream of Industrial Research and requiring industrial
  endorsement, will be at least 10 man-years and 0.5 MECU, and up to 1 MECU, cover a period of
  2-4 years and include at least 2 organisations from different Member States.
  In the case of proposals, which by their nature, means of implementation or urgency, address an
  issue important to reinforce the scientific and technological basis of European industry and thereby
  the development of its international competitiveness, the Commission reserves the possibility to
 consider them, subject to the exemption procedure in accordance with Article 7 of the Council
 Decision.
 Cooperative Research is intended for groups of undertakings, in particular SMEs, which do not
 have their own research facilities in order to resolve common technical problems. One or more
 outside organisations (research associations, universities or undertakings) will be appointed to carry
 out the research. 50% of the research costs of these projects, total costs up to 1 MECU, will be
 covered for a period normally not exceeding two years. Proposals must be submitted by
 undertakings which are to take part in planning and piloting the research and implementing the
 results.
 Concerted Actions : consist of coordination by the Commission of research activities carried out
 in the Member States in specific areas. They may benefit from funding of up to 100% of
 coordinating expenditure (travel, workshops, publications) normally not exceeding 0.4 MECU over
 a period of up to 4 years.
 2.        Accompanying Measures
 The accompanying measures arc intended to improve the effectiveness of the programme in
 particular by improving its accessibility and impact.            They build on experience within
 BRITE/EURAM and Raw Materials and Recycling. During the programme new ideas are expected
 to arise. The accompanying measures will be a continuous process over the duration of the
 programme.
The work will be carried out by way of :
- feasibility awards for SMEs whose principal activity is in manufacturing or processing of up to
30,000 ECU or 75% of the costs of research undertaken within nine months to establish the
feasibility of an innovative device, concept or process. The overall aim being to facilitate the
participation of SMEs in collaborative research.
- specific, multidisciplinary training will include the training role within projects and in particular
to link research activities with other industrial functions oriented towards exploitation, transfer of
results, codes and standards, industrial property rights etc.; specialised courses to provide the
training necessary for the effective application of the technologies developed, and research
 ---pagebreak---                                               21
fellowships which focus on the technical areas of the programme.
- seminars, workshops and scientific conferences;
- meetings of ad-hoc groups of experts (eg. on preparation of norms and standards, materials data
bases, emerging technologies, definition of research priorities)
- study contracts
- a system for exchanging information
- promotion of exploitation of results
- an independent evaluation of the scientific and strategic aspects of the programme
The indicative budget foreseen for these accompanying measures is 20 MECU with 2% of the total
programme budget being allocated to training activities.
Schedule
A schedule of the activities, with indicative budgets for contracts, is shown in the following tabic.
 ---pagebreak---                                                            22
                                                        TABLE 1.
Activity               Indicative           Call          Deadline            Review and     Likely start
                       budget MECU   Areas  opens                     selection of proposals of contracts
                       for contracts
Industrial Res.          266         1,2,3* Jul 91*       mid-Fcb 92*         Mar/Apr 92*    Oct^>2*
Focus.Fundam.             33.5       1,2,3*
Conc.Action                3         1,2,3*
Industrial Res.           221        1,2    Jul 92        mid-Feb 93          Mar/Apr 93     Nov 93
Focus.Fundam.             28.5       1,2                                                                  r\
ConcAction                 3         1,2
Coop.Research              57        1,2    Contin.                           from Dec 91    from Sept 92
Feasibility                5         1,2    open until                        from Dec 91    from Feb 92
Awards                                      Feb 93 with
Specific                   11        1,2,3  selection                         from Dec 91    from Feb 92
Training                                    twice/year
  Area 3 will have an earlier call
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                              COM(91) 361 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                          15 04
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-441-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-76374-4
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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