CELEX: 51991PC0262
Language: en
Date: 1991-07-16
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) LAYING DOWN, IN RESPECT OF HOPS, THE AMOUNT OF AID TO PRODUCERS FOR THE 1990 HARVEST

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                 C0M(91) 262 final
                                                 Brussels, 16 July 1991
'•*6am
                                  Proposal for a
                             COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC)
             laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid to producers
                                   for the 1990 harvest
                      REPORT OF THE COMMISSION.TO THE COUNCIL
                      on the production and marketing of hops
                                    (1990 havest)
 ---pagebreak---  It is proposed that on the basis of the attached Report of the
Commission on the production and marketing of hops for the 1990
harvest the Council adopt the proposal for a regulation setting
aid to hop producers for the 1990 harvest at the following
 I eve I s :
-   aromatic varieties:              340 ecu/hectare,
-   bitter varieties:                340 ecu/hectare,
-   other v a r i e t i e s :        340 e c u / h e c t a r e ,
-   experimental varieties:          340 ecu/hectare.
This proposal means a decrease in the average level of aid to
producers of 6.1 % as compared with the 1989 harvest. Since
growers' returns per hectare improved by 10.0 % over the previous
year whereas production cost went up by not more than 6.0 % this
slight cut in the average level of aid seems justifiable.
Despite the generally envisaged lowering of the level of aid it
is proposed to maintain the amount of 340 ecu/hectare (for the
1989 harvest) for aromatic varieties. Returns from this variety
group did not keep pace with the overall development.
In view of the provisions of Article 12 of Regulation (EEC) No
1696/71, and since the aid to producers is supposed to supplement
g r o w e r s ' income the Commission is bound to propose a reduction in
the level of aid for bitter and other hops. Returns for varieties
of these groups have improved considerably, i. e. by 21.8 % for
bitter hops and 31.3 % for other hops. An amount of 340 ecu/
hectare is proposed for bitter varieties and one of 340 ecu/
hectare for other varieties as compared with 390 and 400 ecu/
hectare respectively for the 1989 harvest.
Referring to Article 12a which was introduced last year into
Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 the Commission furthermore proposes
to grant aid to producers for experimental strains. This should
be done at the same rate as that for other varieties in order to
facilitate the continuous development of new varieties which is
most essential to the Community hop sector.
The cost of the proposal to the EAGGF, Guarantee                 Section, is
estimated at 10.1 million ecu.
 ---pagebreak---                                       Proposal for a
                           COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No     /
                                            of
          laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid to producers
                                   for the 1990 harvest
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in
particular Article 43 thereof,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 of 26 July 1971 on the
common organization of the market in hops^ 1 ^, as last amended by Regulation
(EEC) No 3577/90 ( 2 ) , and in particular Articles 12(7) and 12a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliaments3^,
Whereas Article 12 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 provides that aid may be
granted to hop producers to enable them to achieve a fair income; whereas the
amount of this aid is fixed per hectare and differs according to varieties,
taking into account the average return on the areas in full production compared
with the average returns for previous harvests, the current position of the
market and trends in costs;
Whereas Article 12a of the same Regulation provides that aid to producers may
also be granted for areas cultivated with expérimentai strains in order to
facilitate the development of new varieties,
Wfcereas an ex a* I nation of the results of the 1990 harvest shows the need to fix
aid for groups of varieties of hops cultivated in the Community; wtoreae aid ta
producers should also be granted for areas cultivated witu axpar liaenta» strains;
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
C D ÔJ No L 175, 4.8.1*71, p. 1.
<*) 04 No L 353, 17.ta.t9W. p. 23.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 2
                                    Article 1
1.  For the 1990 harvest, aid shall be granted to the producers of hops
    cultivated in the Community for the groups of varieties set out in the Annex
    as well as for experimental strains.
2.  The amount of the aid shall be as set out in the Annex.
                                    Article 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its publication
in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all
Member States.
Done at Brussels,                                For the Council
                                                 The President
 ---pagebreak---                    - 3 -
                ANNE*
Aid to hop producers for the 1990 harvest
Group of varieties     Aid amount (ECU/ha)
Aromatic                      340
Bitter                        340
Other                         340
Experimental strains          340
 ---pagebreak---                                 SUMMARY
   T»t»es                                              Pages
1.  Introduction                                      .1
2. 1990 harvest                                        1
   2.1.       World situation                          1
   2.1.1.     Production                               1
   2.1.2.     Market trends                            2
   2.2.       Community                                3
   2.2.1.     Production structure                     3
   2.2.2.     Production                               4
   2.2.3.     Sales and prices                         6
   2.2.4.     Returns                    *             9
   2.2.5.     Costs                                ,. 12
3. Outlook                                            14
4. The common organization of the market in hops...   17
   4.1.       Community policy on the hop market...   17
   4.2.       Aid for varietal conversion             18
5. Conclusions                                        20
 ---pagebreak---                                   4
 1.    Introduction
      Article 11 of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71 requires the Commission to
       present to the Council an annual report on the production and
      marketing of hops. The purpose of this report is to provide
       information on trends in production, prices and demand.
      This report, which is the 20th annual report presented by the
      Commission, outlines the main éventa in the 1990 harvest year.
      Community hop production was extremely low as a result of
      unfavourable growing conditions. At the same time production in non-
      member countries was too low to compensate for the considerable
      reduction in Community production.   The resultant supply shortage led
      to an exceptionally sharp rise in free hop prices.   This in turn
      considerably increased the return per hectare for Community hop
      growers, in spite of the poor yield per hectare.
      The Commission proposes that hop producera should once more be
      granted aid to supplement their incomes.
2.    1990 harvest
2.1   World situation
2.1.1 Production
      At a total of 89 417 ha worldwide, the area under hops in 1990 was
      slightly down on 1989 (see Annex, Table 1 ) . However, In practice it
      is not possible to establish the exact size of this area, since for a
      number of major hop producing countries such as the USSR, China or
      Romania, only estimated figures are available.   These countries are
      politically so closed off that no reliable figures can reach the
      outside or no data are available as a result of the lack of internai
      statistics.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 2 -
      With few exceptions, the area under hops was smaller in all producer
      countries.   There was a considerable reduction in the United Kingdom.
      By contrast there was a further expansion of the area under hops in
      Germany.   The growth in the area under hops in the USA continues
      apace.   A further 371 ha were added and the total area under hops is
      now more than 14 300 ha.
      At about 2 201 000 zentners, the 1990 harvest was well below the
      average for the past several years.   The reasons for this were
      unfavourable natural conditions for yields, in particular in the main
      European producer countries, although the USA was not able to
      maintain the yields per hectare of previous years either.
      The small harvest was not offset by a comparatively high alpha acid
      content.   At 6.1% this was roughly the same as the average of the
       last twenty years.  Germany in particular, where less than 5% of
      alpha acid v s harvested, was hit by a very unsatisfactory yield.   By
      contrast the alpha acid contents in the USA and Australia were within
      normal limits.
      The approximately 6 660 t of alpha acid obtained in 1990 fell far
      short of the brewing industry's requirements, estimated at 7 600 -
      7 900 t for the 1990/91 brewing year.   This means that for the third
      year running alpha acid supply from current production was below
      demand, which has now led to a serious cumulative shortage in
      supplies to the market.
2.1.2 Market trends
      In view of the fact that tho 1990 harvest meant that production was
      again less than expected, and indeed fell far short of expectations,
      world market prices had to rise.   This was especially the cas© since
      brewery stocks fell sharply last year and the small 1990 harvest put
      an even greater strain on them.
 ---pagebreak---                                         - 3 -
        The resultant situation was not unlike that in 1980.    For certain
        varieties, free hop prices were several times higher than in the
        previous year, i.e. DM 1 500 In Germany and USD 3/lb in the USA. A
        further price increase was prevented by postponing some delivery
        obligations until 1991. However, this has only passed on a major
        part of the supply problems to the coming season.
 2.2    Community
 2.2.1 Production structure
        As in the agricultural sector in general, structural change in hop
        growing continued.    At present 6 542 farms in the Community produce
        hops (see Table 1 ) , !.e. about 5% down on 1989. Over the same period
        the average size of the area under hops per farm increased from 3.8
        to 4.0 ha.
TABLE 1 : Number and size of hop-growing farms in the Community
                              Number of      Total area     Area under hops
                                farms      under hops (ha)   per farm (ha)
   Federal Republic of
   Germany1                     4.119           20.113             4.9
   France                         164              531             3.2
   Belgium                        118              369             3.1
   United Kingdom                 234            3.385            14.5
    Ireland                         2               17             8.5
   Spain                        1.865            1.412             0.8
   Portugal                        40              125             3.1
                                6.542           25.952             4.0
   ec
1   Not including the territory of the former GDR.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 4 -
2.2.2 Production
      At a total of 25 952 ha, the area under hops In the Community in 1990
      was 266 ha (1.0%) down on 19891 (see Annex, Table 1 ) . This decrease
       is due above all to set-aside in England, some of which, however, is
      only for a limited period.   Likewise, some of the areas taken out of
       production in Belgium, Spain and Portugal can be expected to be
       cultivated again next year, especially since these Member States are
       implementing extensive varietal conversion measures.
       Stimulated by the higher level of producer prices, the area given
       over to aromatic varieties was extended further, to the detriment of
       bitter and other varieties (see Annex, Table 2 ) . Aromatic varieties
       are now grown on 58% of the area under hops, i.e. 10% up on 1981.
       The area under the Hersbrucker variety has increased by more than
       1 500 ha over the last three years and now accounts for almost 50% of
       the area given over to aromatic varieties.  Given the heavy
       dependency of the hop market on the varietal policy of a small number
      of large breweries, this trend has created a considerable potential
       risk.
      This does not include production in the territory of the former
      German Democratic Republic, where a total of 53 206 zentners of hops
      were harvested on 2 286 ha in 1990.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 5 -
The proportion of the area given over to bitter varieties has fallen
from 50% to 41% in 1990. The reduction in this area has affected
above all the Northern Brewer and Brewer's Gold varieties, which have
been cut by about 700 ha each over the last three years.   The
relatively sharp fall in "other" varieties is due mainly to the fact
that the Orion and Omega varieties are no longer classified in this
group but now fall under the bitter varieties.
In terms of quantity, the 1990 harvest was extremely poor.   At only
714 999 zentners, the harvest was lower than at any other time since
the common organization of the market came into being.  The bad
harvest was a result mainly of the dry weather which, apart from the
shortage of water, increased crop damage due to pests.
The sharpest relative fall In the quantity harvested (31%) was
recorded by Portuguese hopgrowers, although part of this decrease was
due to a reduction In the area under hops.  However, on the whole,
the fall in the quantity produced In the Federal Republic of Germany
was considerably greater, the harvest being almost 90 000 zentners
(14%) down on 1989.
The average yield per hectare was a mere 27.6 zentners, i.e. more
than 15% down on the average for the last 20 years.
The already unsatisfactory supply situation due to the small
quantities harvested was made even more acute by the low alpha acid
content.  At an average of 5.4% this was extraordinarily low and, in
conjunction with the poor yields per hectare, led to an extremely low
alpha output of only 74.3 kg/ha.  This means that total alpha acid
production in the Community fell below 2 000 t for the first time and
was more than 20% below the average for the last five years.
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 6 -
2.2.3 Sales and prices
      To a great extent the market was unprepared for the poor 1990
      harvest.    Only weeks before the harvest in Germany began, a harvest
      of 687 000 zentners was forecast, i.e. almost 140 000 zentners more
      than were actually harvested.
      The poor harvest led to a considerable shortage on the spot market,
      where a mere 70 300 zentners were sold, i.e. less than 10% of the
      total market volume (see Annex, Table 8 ) .  Given the shortages,
      extreme price increases on the free hop market were unavoidable,
      especially since brewers' stocks had already been reduced
      considerably as a result of the below-average harvests of the past
      few years.    In addition, over the past few years more and more
      breweries have decided to use the less expensive spot market to cover
      a major part of their requirements.    This means that they were
      heavily dependent on the free hop quantity provided by the 1990
      harvest.
      Although production in the former GDR became available for the
      Community market following German economic and monetary union, this
      brought relief only In as much as there was no additional demand for
      beer in the new territories.
      Community average spot prices rose from ECU 134.58 in 1989 to
      ECU 468.82 in 1990, i.e. a relative increase of 248% (see Annex,.
      Table 9 ) .  Prices reached their highest on the German market, where a
      zentner of free hops went for an average of ECU 506.    For some
      varieties the highest prices were considerably higher than this
      level, e.g. DM 1 500 (ECU 638) were bid for Northern Brewer and
      Perle.    At times the price for the Brewer's Gold variety was DM 1 200
      (ECU 510), i.e. almost five times the previous year's level.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 7 -
However, the coincidence of a poor harvest with low brmmry   stocks
could have led to considerably higher prices on the free hop market
 If those involved had not taken measures to relieve the supply
shortage.   In particular these Included the carrying forward of
contractual supply obligations to next season.   In many cases
breweries contented themselves with buying just enough hops to see
them through to the next harvest, which, however, makes it necessary
to use up any remaining stocks completely.   In addition to reducing
slightly the amount of alpha added, breweries switched over to other
varieties in cases where the previously used varieties were
unavailable or had become too expensive.   For example the Hersbrucker
variety, for which there was only a small free hop market and whose
alpha acid content was very unsatisfactory, was replaced to a large
extent by the Perle variety.
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 8 -
                                                                 /
  TABLE 2:        Average prices for selected hop varieties in the Federal
                  Republic of Germany, 1983-1995
                                                        Prices in ECU/Ztr
                          Hal 1er-  Tettnan-   Hers-    Northern   Brewer's
                          tauer     ger        brucker  Brewer     Gold
        Spot market
                  1983    125.27     198.84       67.61  104.19     69.20
                  1984    111.21     161.06       78.24   69.93     43.10
                  1985    194.96     207.53      126.20  102.72     45.70
                  1986    129.26     138.17       94.94   62.88     24.45
                  1987    220.35     228.09      209.15   76.55     54.50
                  1988    227.86     230.82      216.85  142.73     93.18
                  1989    218.54     231.25      173.65  127.48     88.09
                  1!      555,18     637,16      425,20  576,85    427,33
        Contract market1
                  1983    178.16     212.72      166.23  151.12    142.37
                  1984    181.88     218.52      164.87  154.13    144.78
                  1985    191.60     288.92      168.96  161.41    147.58
                  1986    196.39     226.33      170.17  171.77    144.62
                  1987    195.37     220.11      169.38  169.80    137.94
                  1988    200.33     223.20      170.68  168.54    126.64
                  1989    199.91     220.66      168.57  160.09    116.89
                  1990    205,59     221,31      167,36  161,42    116,81
        Forward contracts
                  1991    155.89     221.31      155.89  154.19    112.14
                  1992    154.19     221.31      152.92  154.19    113.42
                  1993    149.95     220.88      150.80  150.37    112.99
                  1994    150.37     220.88      149.95  152.07    113.84
                  1995    150.37     220.88     150.37   151.65    115.11
1  The prices shown are the average prices specified in contracts signed in
   previous years for the relevant harvest.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 0 -
      By contrast the trend on the contract market was quite undramatic.
      However, this was no surprise since even new forward contracts, i.e
      those which came into effect for the first time during the 1990
      harvest, had been concluded at a time when the size of the harve?*
      could not be estimated.   As a Community average, the prices for
      bitter hops were slightly up on 1989, i.e. an increase of 1.6% to
      ECU 153/ztr.   By contrast, at ECU 177/ztr the contract prices for
      aromatic hops were at the same level as in 1989.
2.2.4 Returns
      In spite of the extremely poor harvest, down almost 12% on 1989, hop
      growers increased their returns considerably, due solely to the high
      free hop prices.
      The average return per hectare in full production increased from
      ECU 5 136 to ECU 5 651, or 10% (see Table 3 ) . As a result of the
      comparatively good yields per hectare and an Increase in spot market
      prices way above the average, the returns per hectare for bitter
      varieties rose by 21.8%.   The average level of returns for bitter
      varieties (ECU 5 644/ha), which waa approximately 20% below the level
      for aromatic varieties over the past few years, has now almost caught
      up with them (ECU 5 663/ha).
      Although at 31.3% the relative increase in returns per hectare for
      other varieties was even more pronounced than that for bitter hops,
       this had only a negligible effect on the overall average level of
       returns for producers, as a result of the small area involved.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 10 -
Comparing Member States, the extremely sharp rise In returns In
Belgium stands out.   The predominant practice in that country of
selling most production on the free hop market has led to income
problems for many growers in recent years.   However, it had an
extraordinarily advantageous effect following the 1990 harvest.   At
an average of ECU 11 158/ha, Belgian hop growers' returns were three
times the 1989 level.
 In most of the other hop-growing Member States returns were also up
on 1989.   Spain managed to maintain the good result of 1989.  By
contrast, in Portugal there was a sharp downturn as a result of an
exceedingly poor harvest and the complete lack of a spot market.
Although the general situation regarding returns was a considerable
improvement on 1989, most hop growers derived little or no benefit
from it.   This applies In particular to farmers on small holdings who
as a rule, in order to reduce the risk, prefer to sell most of their
production through forward contracts.   As a result of the poor'
harvest, many of these farms had no more hops available after
supplying the quantities under contract and were therefore unable to
take advantage of the high price level on the free hop market.
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 11 -
TABLE 3i   Return on areas In full production, In ECU/ha1
  By variety group
                    1985  1986    1987      1988   1989   1990
                                                                     1
  Aromatic        6.151   5.402 5.428       5.586 5.562   5.663        >8
  Bitter          5.073   4.410 4.727       4.491 4.633   5.644     21,8
  Others          4.118   3.462 4.439       4.196 4.093   5.365     31,1
  By country
                    1985  1986    1987      1988   1989   1990   1990/89 (%)
  Federal Rep.
  of Germany       5.786  5.201 5.353       5.238 5.307   5.616      5,8
  France           4.858  4.688 4.674       6.170 5.572   7.450     33,7
  Belgium          2.934  2.189 4.199       4.368 3.995  11.158    179,3
  United Kingdom   5.294  4.292 4.695       5.001 4.577   5.615     22,7
   Ireland         5.547  1.651 4.918       5.943 5.283  10.817    104,8
  Spain                   3.506 3.122       3.173 4.473   4.456    - 0,4
  Portugal                5.231 4.763       2.452 4.329   3.322   - 23,3
  By country and by variety group M 9 9 0 ) 2
                           Aromatic                  Bitter        Others
  Federal Republic
  of Germany              5.529 ( - 1 , 1 )        5.777 (18,9) 5.639 (28,5)
  France                  7.560 (25,3)             7.322 (72,7) -
  Belgium                11.800(114,6)            11.098(240,1) 6.988(100,2)
  United Kingdom          5.850 (11,9)             5.494 (31,5) 2.734 (-6,9)
  Ireland                 8.922(125,3)            11.927(104,8) -
  Spain                   1.639 ( - 2 , 8 )        4.462 (-0,4) -
  Portugal                                         3.332(-23,2) -
       Areas newly planted in 1990 and 1989 were assumed to give 40% and 65%
       respectively of the return from areas in full production.
       The figures in brackets show the percentage change from 1989.
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 12 -
2.2.5 Costs
      The average increase in hop production costs was approximately 6.0%
      on 1989, i.e. a slightly greater Increase than in the same period
       last year (see Table 4 ) . This increase was caused above all by
       inflation, although for certain Member States It does not become so
      apparent when the figures are converted into ecus.    For example in
      Portugal the increase In costs in national currency was 10.8% on
      1989.   However, as a result of an exchange rate adjustment in the
      meantime, It is only 2% in ecus.
      The highest production cost level in the Community was in the
      United Kingdom (ECU 9 511/ha), i.e. the Member State where
      traditionally paid labour has been of" major importance as a result of
      the farm size structure.    This considerable cost increase of 17.7%
      over 1989 is due, inter-alia, to Increased expenditure on crop
      protection made necessary in 1990 as a result of the unfavourable
      crowing conditions.
      Production costs in Spain (ECU 4 277/ha) and Portugal (ECU 4 227/ha)
      are still relatively low, although In the case of Portugal production
      costs were considerably below the returns.
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 13 -
TABLE 4: Product costs per hectare (in ecus)
                           1989          1990   1990/1989 (%)
  Federal Republic of
  Germany                 7.402          7.742        4,6
  France                  6.638          6.803        2,5
  Belgium                 9.328          8.898      - 4,5
  United Kingdom          8.081          9.511       17,7
  Ireland                 5.746          6.742       17.3
  Spain                   4.312          4.277     - 0,8
  Portugal                4.146          4.227        2,0
  Community               7.324         7.763         6,0
                                               . ..       ......
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 14 -
3. Outlook
   The again very unsatisfactory quantity provided by the 1990 harvest
   has led to a further drastic reduction in stocks worldwide.   Stock
    levels in European countries are at their lowest for many years.
   Stock levels in the USA have also been reduced considerably.   With
   beer production currently on the increase, stocks in many breweries
   will have been used up almost completely by the next harvest.
   This results in a tense market situation in the run-up to the 1991
   season, which means that stable producer prices can be expected for
   the moment, unless there is a record harvest.   This is all the more
   so since, in addition to having to satisfy current brewery demand,
   the forthcoming harvest will also have to be used to replenish the
   drastically reduced hop stocks.   The need to meet supply obligations
   from the previous year will restrict trading flexibility even
   further.   There are many indications that one harvest will not be
   sufficient to restore balance on the under-supplied market.   Provided
   there are average harvests in the following years, the supply
   situation can be expected to ease from 1993 onwards.
   The severe shortage of supplies resulting from the small quantities
   available from current production and storage has led to the re-
   emergence of a seller's market for the first time in ten years.
   Nevertheless contract business at the hop trade/brewery level is
   still sluggish, since the breweries are still hesitant to accept a
   higher price level, especially for long-term forward contracts.
   Traders and growers are concluding forward contracts for certain
   bitter varieties for the coming one or two years at considerably
   higher prices.   However, there is a marked decrease in the prices
   offered for the period following 1992. This can be seen as an
   indication that at trader level there was a gap In supplies for the
   coming two years, which in view of the current market situation the
   trade would prefer to close now on the contract market.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 15 -
      It would be extremely risky to make long-term forecasts. There is no
     doubt that in future the German market will continue to dominate
     price formation. The fact that many growers there are concluding
     very long-term forward contracts (up to 1999) at average prices well
     below production costs has led traders and in particular breweries to
     assume that hops will be available permanently at low prices. The
     continuing strong growth in areas under hops in the USA reinforces
     this impression.
 I
    Given   the Increasing  beer production coupled with reduced stocks,
|    there   Is a chance at present of a long-term increase in prices, which
I   would   be welcomed by  producers. The restraint in extending the areas
 5
•»
    under   hops necessary  to achieve this is still being exercised in view
    of the fact that contract prices continue to be too low in most
    European hop-growing countries. However, experience of the cyclical
    movements of the hop market gives rise to the concern that even a
    relatively slight increase in contract prices would lead to
    production being expanded to such an extent that eventually this
    would cancel out the improvement in the price situation.
    The political and economic changes in Eastern European countries make
     it more difficult to estimate future market trends. It is expected
    that a considerable part of the area under hops will fall victim to
    the need to bring production Into line with market economy
    conditions. This applies in particular to the territory of the
    former GDR, where the abolition of excessively high selling prices
    fixed by the state has had an Immediate effect. Furthermore, at
    present It cannot be estimated how far an increase in beer
    consumption in Eastern European countries will lead to an increase in
    demand for hops.
    Nevertheless, any reduction of the areas under hops In Eastern Europe
    or the Member States of the Community will be offset by the
 I   Increasing cultivation of high-yield varieties and by the expansion
 I
 I  expected In the Hal 1ertau and the USA.
  \
 ---pagebreak---                              - 16 -
                                       /
                                    /
In the bitter hop sector, the Community must expect to lose further
market shares to US producers.   If high-yield varieties are
cultivated and the US dollar rate is favourable, American growers
will be able to continue improving their competitive position on the
world market for bitter varieties.    Furthermore they can react to
price changes very much more quickly than their European counterparts
by adapting supply.
The expansion of the area under hops in 1991 is a clear Indication
that the American hop economy sees advantages for itself in worldwide
predatory competition.  This is the case primarily for bitter
varieties which account for 1 100 ha of the newly planted area of
1 250 ha.  However, in the long term greater market shares are
expected in the aromatic sector as well.    Although at present these
varieties are finding It difficult to compete with European
varieties, a further exacerbation of the existing problems relating
to crop protection product residues in hops imported into the US
could change the situation abruptly.
Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that the severe shortage of some
varieties resulting from the poor 1990 harvest may lead to changes in
user behaviour.  Breweries which have been forced to resort to other
varieties could decide to continue using the less expensive
alternative provided this has not been detrimental.    Although there
Is a certain tendency for breweries to decide on which hop varieties
to buy case by case, it cannot be concluded that there will be a
large-scale decrease in demand for specific varieties in favour of
price-dominated buying regardless of variety.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 17 -
4.   The common organization of the market In hops
4.1  Community policy on the hop market
      In 1971 a common organization of the market in hops was established
     by Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71.    The aim was to improve product
     quality and safeguard the livelihood of hop growers.    Since no
     special arrangements were made for external trade or intervention
     quite deliberately when the market organization was set up, the
     Community hop sector is highly exposed to competition on the world
    market.
    The essential aspects of the basic Regulation, which were dealt with
     In greater detail by subsequent, more specific Council and Commission
     regulations, comprise rules for the marketing of hops via a
    certification procedure and a forward contract system, for the
    recognition and promotion of producer groups, and for trade with non-
    EEC countries.    The Regulation also lays down aid arrangements for
    Community-grown hops.
    The Community has two main financial responsibilities in this sector.
    Firstly, frequent use is made of the arrangements whereby aid per
    hectare is granted to producers with unsatisfactory returns.     For the
    1989 harvest year, aid per hectare was granted at a rate of ECU 340
    for aromatic varieties, ECU 390 for bitter varieties and ECU 400 for
    other varieties.    Secondly, special aid is granted under Regulation
    (EEC) No 2997/87 to encourage growers to convert to varieties more
    suited to market requirements (see also point 4.2).
     In addition the Community makes a contribution towards the promotion
    of newly founded producer groups at the initial stage provided
    national aid is also granted for this.     However, this measure is now
    of little significance since - with the exception of the territory of
    the former GDR - almost all hop growers in the Community now belong
    to a recognized producer group.    Of course this does not exclude the
    possibility of new groups being founded from time to time In the
    future as a result of restructuring and reorganization.
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 18 -
4.2  Aid for varietal conversion
     The long-standing imbalance between supply and demand for most bitter
     varieties and the resultant problems for hop growers in certain areas
    of the Community led the Council to adopt special measures for the
     hop sector In 1987.
    Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 introduced special aid amounting to
    ECU 2 500/ha - subject to a maximum area of 800 ha per Member State -
     to be granted to recognized producer groups who undertake to
     implement a plan to convert areas under bitter varieties to aromatic
    or super-alpha varieties.
     In June 1989 the Council adopted Regulation (EEC) No 1809/89 amending
    Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87 with a view to extending the number of
    growers qualifying for aid under the varietal conversion programme.
    The amended criteria now allow special aid to be granted throughout
    the Community and not Just in certain areas, as was originally
    provided for.   A further restriction laying down that producer groups
    could take part in the conversion programme only if their total area
    did not increase in the period 1986 to 1988 was also lifted.   The
    extension of the duration of the programme from 31 December 1990 as
    originally provided for to the end of 1992 gives the producer groups
    more time to implement their conversion plans.
    A further change was introduced by Regulation (EEC) No 3837/90, .
    extending the time limit for implementation of the conversion
    programme in the case of Spain by a further two years, i.e. up to the
    end of 1994. This amendment became necessary when many hop growers,
    whose land at the time was involved in a reparcelling project, made
    it known that they were prepared to take part in the varietal
    conversion programme.   However, both measures, i.e. reparcelling and
    subsequent varietal conversion, cannot be carried out In the time
    previously provided for.
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 19 -
    The Community varietal conversion programme has been very well
     received by hop growers.  All hop-growing Member States are taking
    advantage of it with the exception of Ireland.     Some of the varietal
    conversion programmes submitted have been revised several times,
    above all to comply with requests for further areas to be Included
     (see Table 5 ) .
     In the main, the programmes submitted by the individual Member States
    provide for the grubbing up of the traditional bitter varieties
    Brewer's Gold and Northern Brewer, which are finding it increasingly
    difficult to compete with the American super-alpha varieties on the
    world market.
    TABLE 5: Varietal conversion programmes submitted by the
               Member States under Regulation (EEC) No 2997/87
                               Type of variety to which conversion
                                         is to be made
                         Aromatic      Super-alpha             Total
Federal Republic of
Germany                    567               233                 800
France                     125                45                 170
Belgium                     52               139                 191
United Kingdom             140               647                 787
Spain                        6               101                 107
Portugal                                     166                 166
Community                  890             1.331               2.221
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 20 -
5. Conclusions
   In view of the above analysis of the present state of the Community
   hop market, the Commission proposes that income aid be granted to
   growers in respect of the 1990 harvest.
   However, taking into account the criteria In the basic Regulation,
   the increase In the return per hectare would suggest that the average
   rate of aid should be reduced.  This applies in particular to the
   bitter and other varieties, the level of returns for which is way
   above that in 1989.
   In addition, pursuant to Article 12a of Regulation (EEC) No 1696/71,
   the Commission proposes that aid be granted also for areas given over
   to experimental varieties at the same rate as that granted for
   "other" varieties.
   The possibility of granting aid to producers for experimental
   varieties was introduced last year when the Council adopted
   Regulation (EEC) No 2780/90.  This applies to areas farmed by hop
   growers on which experimental varieties-are cultivated in cooperation
   with a research institute.  The objective of this Regulation is to
   promote the breeding of new varieties, which must be carried out
   continuously in order to maintain the competitiveness of hop growing
   in the Community.  At currently less than 20 ha, the size of the
   trial areas qualifying for this aid is marginal.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 21 -
The Commission proposes the following rates of aid:
Variety group                  Altf (ICU/fra)
Aromatic varieties                    340
Bitter varieties                      340
Other varieties                       340
This proposal would mean a decrease in the average rate of aid to
ECU 340/ha, I.e. 6.1% down on 1989.   The cost of this proposal to ths
EAGGF Guarantee Section is estimated at ECU 8.8 million (i.e.
ECU 10.1 million once the dual rate coefficient has been applied), as
compared with ECU 9.5 million for the 1989 harvest.
 ---pagebreak--- I oil i «  1 AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1990
             I                  II        Ha           lib        III          IV        V           VI       VII       VIII          IX        X
          Country            Area        Area         Area     Product,      Yield     Product.    Percent   Yield    Beer prod.  Forecast   Area
                               ha         ha           ha         Ztr         t/ho     Alpha t      Alpha    Alpha      m/hl        Area    Change
                              1990       (+/-)       (+/-)                                                   kg/ha     (Barth)        ha       ha
                                        1990-89     1990-81      1990         1990        1990      1990      1990       1990      1991     1991-90
   Fed. Republic
   of Germany (1)           20.113          175          923     549.130       1,37     1.321.1         4.8    65.7       104,3    22.372     2.259
   France                        531           2       -229        15.695      1.48         23.4        3.0    44.0        21.4        567        36
   Belgium                       369        -33        -477        12.015      1.63         36,8        6.1    99.8         14.1       407        38
   United Kingdom            3.385        -358      -2.423         91.630      1.35        375,7        8.2   111.0        59.7      3.600       215
   Spain                      1.412         -31        -591        42.431      1.50        155.9        7.4   110.4        27.3      1.420          8
   Portugal                      125        -17          -65         3.412     1.36          11.6       6.8    92.8          7.0        125         0
    Ireland                        17                    -58           686     2.02           3.2       9.5   190.7          6.5         17         0
   EG-12                    25.952         -266      -2.920      714.999       1.38      1.927.8        5.4     74,3      285.1    28.508     2.556
   United Statee            14.352          371      -3.070       515.778      1.80        2.249        8.7   156,7       232.7     15.600    1.248
   Auttratio                  1.085         -28          -90       41.960      1,93           239      11.4   220.1         19,6     1.085          0
   Yugoslavia                 3.175         -29          -87       81.900      1.29           262       6.4     82.6        10.5     3.200        25
   Czechoslovakia            11.850        -100            23     212.280      0.90           382       3.6     32,2        23.5    11.630     -220
   GDR                        2.286           46          166       53.206      1.16          157       5.9     68.7        15.9          0  -2.280
    Poland                    2.257        -115         -188        49.400      1,09          137       5.6     60,7        12.2     2.300         43
    Hungary                      382        -59         -180         8.434      1.10            24      5.8     63.9          9.8       362      -20
    Bulgaria                     933        -17         -128        11.600     0.62             32      5,6     34,8          6.0       933         0
    Total IHQC(-EEC)        36.320            69     -3.554       974.558       1,34       3.482        7.1     95.9      330.2     35.110   -1.210
    Total IHGC(+£EC)         62.272        -197      -6.474     1.689.557       1.36       5.410        6.4     86,9      615.3     63.618     1.346
    Japan                         845        -90        -284        34.120      2.02           100       5.9   118.3        65,0        850          5
    USSR                     15.000            0          500     180.000       0,60          270        3.0     18,0       55.0    15.000           0
     Romania                  2.350        -250           950       32.000      0.68            85       5.3    36.2         10.0     2.000     -350
    China (Rsp.)              5.000            0       1.000       185.000      1.85          555        6.0   111.0        70.0      5.000          0
     North Korea              2.000            0       1.500        24.000      0.60            72       6.0    36.0          1,0     2.000          0
     -Others"                  2.100       -400           -59       56.300      1,34           169       6.0    80.4       313,7      2.000     -100
     World totol             89.567        -937      -2.867     2.200.977       1.23        6.661        6.1     74.4   1.130.0     90.468        901
 (1) Not Including the territory of the former GOR
 ---pagebreak--- Toble Io : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTPl£S 1931
:           I         :    II     :     III        IV     :   V       :   VI      :    VII     !   VIII     :
         Country      :   Area      Production:  Yield      Production:              Yield          Beer
                           ho       "Zentner"     t/ho        Alpha      Alpha       Alpha       Production:
                          1989                                   t         %          kg/ha
                                                                                                  (Bssru.j :
                                       1989       1989         1989      1989          1989         19fi»   -.
: Fed. Republic       :
: of Germony          :   19.938  :    638.782     1,60        1.812        5.7    ;    90,9         93,2   :
: France              :      529  :      15.260    1.44            28       3.7   :     54,0         20,9    .
: Belgium             :      402  :     12.456     1,55            36       5.7         88.7         14.0
: United Kingdom      :    3.743  :     94.388     1.26          385        8.2        103.0         60.1   :
: Spain               ;    1.443  :     45.392     1.57          175        7,7   :    121,3         27.2    :
: Portugal            :       142 :       4.949    1.74            17       6.9        120.3           6.6   :
: Ireland                      21 :         512    1.19             2       8.8        105.2           5.4
: EEC-12              :   26.218 :     811.739     1.55        2.455        6.0         92.6        269.8    :
: United States           13.981  :    538.200     1.93   :    2.386        8.9        170.7        231,5
: Austrolia                1.113  :     49.460     2.22          247       10.0       222.3          18.7    :
: Yugoslavia          :    3.204  :     83.000     1.30          280         6.7        87.4         12.0    :
: Czechoslovakia          11.950  :    245.460     1.03   :      442        3.6         37.0         23.0    :
: GDR                 :    2.240  :     60.000     1.34          200         6.7        89.3         24.8    :
: Poland              :    2.372  :     49.000     1.03           129        5.3        54.4         12.4    :
: Hungory             :      441  :      12.000    1.36            36        6.0        82.1           9.4
: Bulgaria            :      441  :      15.600    0.82            46        6.0  «     48.9           7,0   :
: Total IHGC (-EEC)       36.251 ' 1.052.720       1.45        3.766         7.2       103.9        338.8    :
: Total IHGC (+EEC)       62.469     1.864.459     1.49        6.221         6.7        99.6        608,6    :
: Japon               :      935         38.780    2.07           100        5.2       107.0         61,0 :
: USSR                    15.000       200.000     0.67           300        3.0        20.0         56.0 ;
: Romania                  2.600         32.000    0.57            70        4.4        25.0          13.0 :
: China (Rep.)             5.000       140.000     1.40           420        6.0        84.0    :     60,0 :
: North Korea              2.000         24.000    0.60            70        5.8        35.0    :       1.0 :
: Others                   2.500         66.000    1.32           255        7.7       102.0        302.4
: World (total)           90.504   : 2.365.239      1,30       7.436         6.3        82.2    : 1.102.0     :
 ---pagebreak---                                                            Af
 Toble 1b : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1988
:           I               II          III     :   IV         V       :  VI           VII         VIII   :
         Country          Area     : Production: Yield     : Production:             Yield         Beer
                            ha     : "Zentner"    t/ho     : Alpha     :  Alpha      Alpha      Production:
                          1988                                   t          X         kg/ha        m/hl   :
                                                                                                  (Barth)
                                       1988       1988         1988    : 1988         1988         1988
: Fed. Republic
:  of Germany             19 782       591  591    1.50    •    1 597        5.4        80,7        92,7
: France                      489       15  823    1.62            36       4.5        72.8         19.5
: Belgium                     418       12  036    1.44            45        7,4      106.5         14.0  :
: United Kingdom            3 878       98  308    1.27           395        8.0      101.4         60.3
: Spoin                     1 499       32  486    1,08           158        9.7      105.1         27.0
: Portugal                     150       3  087    1.03            11       7.2         74.1         5.5
: Ireland                       21          557    1.30             2       8.3       107.6   •      5.4
: EEC-12                  26 237       753 888     1.44        2 244         6.0        85.5       265.1  :
: United States       •    13 724      494  939    1.80        2 202        8.9       160.5        230.0
: Austrolia                 1 115       47  200    2.12           236  :    10.0      211,7         19.5
: Yugoslavia                3 188       96  000    1.51           304        6.3        95.3        11.0  :
: Czechoslovakia          11 950       307  400    1.29           615 '     4.0         51.4        22.7  :
: DGR                       2 320       63  139    1.36          227        7.2        97.7         25.0  :
: Polond                    2 385       57  000    1.19           127       4,5   •     53,8        12.3  :
: Hungory                     495       12  756    1.29            33        5.1        65.7  -      9.5
: Total IHGC (-EEC)       35 177     1 078 434     1.53        3 744         6.9      106.4        330.0  :
: Total IHX (4EEC)        61 414     1 832 322     1.49        5 988        6.5         97.5       595.1  :
: Japan                       980       37  000    1.89           111        6.0      113.3         53.5  :
: USSR                    15 000       200  000    0.67          300        3.0         20.0        50,0  :
: Romania                  2 200        32  000    0,73            67       4.2   '    30.5         10.0  :
: Bulgaria            :       950 :     15  710    1,83            43       5.5         45,2  -      7.0  :
: China               :    5 000 :     150  000    1.50          488        6.5         97.5        55.0  :
: Others              :    4 500       140  000    1,56   '      395         5.5        85.6       279.4
: World (total)       :   90 044     2 407 032     1.34        7 382        6.1        82.0      1 050.0  :
 ---pagebreak---                                                      IB
  Toblelç : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1987
            I               II     :    III     :    IV   :    V      :    VI          VII    :    VIII    :
         Country          Area     : Production:  Yield   : Production:            :  Yield       Beer
                           ha      : "Zentner"     t/ha   : Alpha     :   Alpha    :  Alpha   : Production:
                          1987                                   t           X        kg/ha       m/hl
                                                                                              : (Barth) :
                                       1987        1987       1987    :  1987         1987        1987
:  Fed. Republic
:  of Germony             19 310       620 736      1.61      2 123         6.84     109.94         92.8  :
:  Fronce                     559       14 204      1.27           47       6.66      84,08         19.9
:  Belgium                    436       14 942      1,71           78     10.40    , 178,90         14,0
:  United Kingdom          3 945       103 476      1,32         475        9.19     121,45        59.9
:  Spain                   1 578        36 978      1.17         140        7.58      88,72        25.8
:  Portugal                   160        6 430      2,01           21       6.49     131.25          5.0
:  Ireland                     34          826      1.20            4      9,66   • 117,65           5.4
: EEC-12                  26 022       797 592      1.53      2 888        7,24  «   111,12       262.6
:  United States          11 453       454 033      1.98 •    2 520   •   11.10      220,02       229.3
:  Australio                  764 :     37 980      2.49         184       9.80      240.84         18.8
:  Yugoslavia              3 197  :    108 300      1.70         298        5,50      93.21         11.8
:  Czechoslovakia         11 900  :    238 350 .    1.00         465       3.90       39.06        22.8
:  GDR                     2 360  :     71 500 :    1.51         307       8,60      130.27        25.0
:  Polond             :    2 445  :     52 058 :    1.06         103       5.29       42.13         11.6
:  Hungary            :       515 :     13 311 :    1,29           31      4.60       59,22          9.5 :
: Total IHGC (-€EC)   :  32 634 :      975 532 :    1.49      3 908        8.01      119,75       328.8
: Total IHGC (+EEC)   :  58 656 : 1 773 125 :       1.51      6 796        7.66   :  115.93       591.4
:  Japon              :      996 :      36 340 :    1,82          98       5.39       98.40        53,5
:  USSR               :   15 000 :     220 000 :    0,73         385       3.50       25.67        50.0
:  Romania            :    2 200 :      34 000 :    0,77          76       4.49       34.55        10.0  :
:  Bulgario           :      950 :      14 020 :    0.74          42       5.97       39.89          7.0
:  China              :    5 200 :     200 000 :    1.92         750       7.50      144.42        50.0
:  Others             :    4 273 :      89 012 :    1.04         267       6.00       62.49       282.3
: World (Total)       :  87 275 : 2 366 497 :       1.36      8 414        7.11       96.45     1 044.2
 ---pagebreak---  Toble 1d : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1965
             I             II          III     :    IV        V           VI           VII         VIII   :
         Country          Area    : Production: Yield     : Production:           :   Yield        Beer
                           ha     : "Zentner"     t/ha    : Alpha     :   Alpha   .   Alpha     Production:
                          1986                                  t           X         kg/ha        m/hl   :
                                                                                                  (Barth)
                                      1986        1986        1986    :  1986     •    1986        1986
: Fed. Republic
: of Germany              19 649      679  772     1.73       1 985        5.84      101.04        94.10
: Fronce                     599       21  730     1.81           45       4.18       75,76        20.66
: Belgium                    577       20  327     1.76           59       5.84      102.86        11.08
: United Kingdom           4 232      101  416     1.20         376        7.42       88.85        59,17
: Spain                    1 616       40  087     1.24         140        6.98       86.57        24.13
: Portugal                    163       6  589     2.02           20       6.00      121.24          3.95
                               34          286     0.42            1       5.45       22.73          5.46
:  Ireland
: EEC-12                  26 871      870 207      1.62       2 627        6.04       97.75       261.60
: United States           10 091      444  684     2.20       2 157        9.70      213.75       230.55
: Australia                  755       37  700     2.50         177        9.40      234.70         18.72 :
: Yugoslavio               3 271       91  200     1.39         267        5.86   • 81.63           10.50
: Czechoslovakia          11 950      210  000     0.88         441        4.20       36.90        22.78
: GDR                      2 370       76  200     1.61         255        6.69      107.59        24.30
: Poland                   2 433       54  000     1.11         143        5.29       58.73        11.38
: Hungary                    512       12  833     1.25           40       6.16       77.15          9.22
: Totol IHGCftEEC         58 253    1 796 824      1,54       6 106        6.80      104.82       589.05
: Japan                    1 052       37 680      1.79         101        5.39       96.47        49.98
: USSR                    15 300      214 000      0,70         375        3.50       24,48        55.00  :
: Rornon i a               1 800       34 000      0.94           76       4.49       42.37        11.00  :
: Bulgaria                   967       14 400      0.74           43       5,97       44,47          9,00 :
: China                    5 190      200 000      1.93         600        6.00       85,71        40.00
: Others                   3 137       75 551 :     1,20  •     227        6.00       72,25        26.19
: World (Totol)           85 699    2 372 455      1,38       7 528        6.35       86.04      1 015.31 :
 ---pagebreak---                                                         Zh
Toble 1c : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1981
           I                II     :    III     :   IV     :    V         VI       :    VII    :    VIII   :
       Country            Area     : Production: Yield     : Production:           :  Yield        Beer
                           ha      : "Zentner"    t/ho     : Alpha     :  Alpha      Alpha     : Production:
                          1981                                    t         X         kg/ha        m/hl    :
                                                                                               : (Barth)
                                       1981       1981         1981    : 1981          1981        1981
: Fed. Republic
:  of Germany             19.190       674.074     1.76        2.019       5,99    : 105,21        93.72   :
: Fronce                      760       28.729     1.89             93     6.47    : 122.37        21.85
: Belgium                     846       31.437     1,86           101      6.43    : 119.39        15.00
: United Kingdom           5.808       186.788     1,61           754      8.07    : 129,82    •   61.55
:  I re 1ond                   75        1.537     1,02              7     9,11    ' 93.33           5.81
: Greece                       25          800     1,60              3     7.50      120.00         2.90
: EEC (10)                26.704       923.365     1.73        2.977       6.45    . 111.48       237,34
: United States           17.422  :    717.983     2.06       2.520        7.02      144.64       228.95
: Australia                1.175  :     47.538     2.02           228      9.59      194.04        20.17
: Yugoslovio               3.262  :    108.050     1.66           310      5,74   :   95.03        12.00
: Spoin                    2.003  :     50.509     1.26           177      7,01       88.37        20.92
: Czechoslovakia          11.827  :    257.700     1.09           618      4.80       52.25        23.93
: CDR                 :    2.120  :     54.608     1.29           182      6.67       85.85        24.00
: Poland              :    2.445  :     56.860     1.16             90     3,17       36.81        11.30
: Hungary                     562 :     15.080     1,34             37     4,91       65.84         7.80
: Total IHGCftEEC         67.520 : 2.231.693       1,65       7.139        6,40      105.73       585.42
: Japan               :    1.129  :     25.700 :   1.14            65      5.06       57.57        46.48
: USSR                :   14.500  :    180.000 :   0.62           315      3.50       21.72        65.00
: Romanio             :    1.400  :     22.300 :   0.80            50      4.48       35.71        11.50
: Bulgaria            :    1.061  :     14.900 .   0.70            33      4,43       31.10         5.40
: China (Rep.)        :    4.000  :    120.000 :   1.50   :       220      3.67       55.00        11.38
: Others              :    2.824  :     58.240 :   1.03           175      6,00       61.87      228.11
: World (Total)       :  92.434 : 2.652.833 :      1,43       7.997        6,03       86.51      954.28
 ---pagebreak---                                                            Toble 2 : HOPS: Areo cultivated, by M m b a r Stat* ond variety «roup - 1SS1. 1SSS. ISSS and 1996
                                       total                                      Arome                                              Sitter                                 Other»
                     two       t»88         tsee    1981          1990      1988        1986     1981                  1990                  tie*                    198S        1986   1981
      ho            20113     19782        19649   19190         13085     12165      11001    10616                   6730      7236        8223    «ttt     298     381          425   382
       I              104        103         102     100           123       114         103      100                    s?        se         tee      tot     78      99          111   100
      P                                                             65X       6IX         56X       5SX                  33X       37X         42X      43R
                                                                                                                                                                IX                   2X    2X
      X                 78X       7531        73X     67X           87X       ssx         S3X      77X                   63X       63X         63X      t«ft   67X     72ft         73X   75X
      ha              531        489         699     760           436       345         241      194                             139         356                       4             1    6
      I                 69        64          91     100           225       177         124      100                    16        29          76                      es           16   100
      P                                                             82X       71X         34X       26X                  17X       26X         SIX      6t»     «I       ift         OX     IX
      X                                                              3X        2X          2X        IX                    «6        IX          SI             1ft     tx           OX    IX
B     ha              369        418         578     846           124       129         107      159                   230                   448              19      te           23    39
      I                 43        49          68     100            77        81          67      100                    39
                                                                                                                                  m                            J8      41           58   100
                                                                                                                                   42
      P                                                             34X       31X         19X       19X                  82ft                  78ft     77»     «ft     «ft          4X    9X
      X                                                                                                                            68ft
                         IX                    2X                    IX        IX           IX        IX                  2ft                             m     4ft     3X           4X
                                                                                                                                     2X
UK    ha             3365      3878         4232    5803          1312      1605        1836     2644                  2048      2142        2283     Mt6      29     131          133    83
       I                58        66          72     100            46        56          64      100                    71        74          78              30     197          160   100
      P                                                             39X       41X         43X       49X                  6IX       95ft        93ft             IX      3X           SX    IX
      X                 13X       15X         16X     20X            9X       11X         14X       21X                  19ft      19ft        17»              7»     MX           23X   16X
 IPX ho                 17        21          38      79             6         5           6        12                   11        16                   «3              0
       I                22        28          48     100            50        41          50      100                    17        29
      P                                                             38X       24X         17X       16X                            76X         83ft     84ft    OX      Oft          3X    OX
      X                            OX           OX                   OX        OX          OX        OX                              Oft                        Oft     OK           OX    OX
SP ho                1412       1499        1616    2003             3         8           9         8                 1409      1491
       I                70        74          80     100            37       100         112      100                    70        74
      P                                                              OX         1ft         IX       OX                 100X       99X        180ft                     OX           OX    OX
      X                                                              OX        OX          OX        OK                  13X        13X         12ft     14ft   Oft     Oft          OX    ox
P     ha              125        150         163     178                                                                129       190         183      ITS      8       0
       I                70        64          91     too                                                                 70        84          81
      P                                                              ox        ox          OX        OX                 100X      100ft                         8ft     ex           OX    ox
      X                  cz         IX                  tx           OK        ox          OX        ox                    IX         1ft                 TX                         OX    ox
EEC ha              2SE32     26237        28673   28899         14987     14258      13199     13833                 10842     11446       13892    14512    343     932          982   510
       I                89        90          93     100           108       103          99       100                   73        78          98              87     T84          114   100
       P                                                            98X       94ft        49X                            41ft      44X         49ft              fft    2ft          2X    2X
      X                100X      100X        100ft                 100X      100ft       100ft     100ft                          100ft                               t80X         100X  100X
  ho   : hector*»
    I   : Index bote 190 - 1981
   p   : percentage of total oraa
   X    : percentage of total EEC production
                                                                                                                                                                                          >*
                                                                                                                                                                                          •**»
 ---pagebreak---                                                     » - - — ' - ' •--—• ^—*:-—.    ^ • . ^ M . . J . . . w . . T ^ . . r f l r i — r r r r u â W i i ~ jmr'^Y^-^Tn'-^^rMt'T'ysiitrr-iii mni ir :-in<'ii'^îMii'Ni iShft ifl lutfisi lèrii i c. j ~ ' rif i~rr 11~ i r jfterjifciiij<»ifi i ira fni j> < -r i r - i • •*• -i^iw-i'" • r - i \ i x ^ » ' ^ * ^ - - ^ - .
   • le,3 : BALANCÉ OF PS09UCTI0M - AfWbATtC 4MB BITTE* ¥*JMtT»CS (
                                      198»)                                                       ML                                                                                                    1967                                                                                                            1988                                                    1989                     1990
                                              611 tar                                                                                Bitter                                                                                     Bitter                                                              Aram                        I               Bitter                    Aroms   I    Bitter      Aroma   I    Bitter
Pod. Rap. of Cer—nyl        372.23»           348.187                        348.889                                              338.968                                    316.982                                             291.819                                                   349.937                                              234.997                 399.216        238.906   338.962        203.713
  Franca                       9.744           19.994                           6.681                                                 19.048                                       7.408                                               6.787                                                   10.803                                                4.997               11.117          3.981    12.941          2.794
  e*i«i«M                      4.076           18.743                           3.798                                                 16.939                                       3.722                                             10.709                                                     4.013                                                7.916                4.618          7.198     3.995          7.638
  United. K l m i w           98.019           74.748                         49.093                                                 98.383                                     43.430                                              97.397                                                    41.972                                              93.978                 37.401         99.187    35.016         99.212
  Ireland                                                                                                                                                                                  80                                                   738                                                    101                                                496                84            419       171            919
I
  Spain                          808           84.783                             190                                                39.987                                              109                                        36.873                                                               98                                       32.430                     30         49.361        29         42.402
  PorUiool                                                                                                                                                                                                                             6.430                                                                                                         3.087                               4.949                    3.412
  EEC                                                                                                                                                                         371.717                                            410.737                                                   402.482                                              338.881                 441.876        391.032   391.114        316.646
  Uni tod Stat**              95.472             1.917                                                                            398.220                                        79.879                                          378.398                                                    143.180                                             391.778                 191.770        346.439   175.978        339.800
  Australie                        49          37.4                                                                                  37.890                                              480                                        37.900                                                                                                        47.200                  2.260         47.200     1.916         40.034
  Yugoslavia                 103.446                                          61.188                                                                                          109.300                                                                                                         88.000                                                                     84.800         18.400    67.900         14.000
  CMcfwolowoklo              299.980                                         218.888                                                                                          238.380                                                                                                       307.400                                                                     249.460                  212.280
! COt                          9.448                                            4.819                                                72.188                                        2.198                                             09.394                                                      2.121                                            61.018                    700         99.300       662         52.944
I Poland                      S3.188            1.818                         81.696                                                     2.400                                   49.199                                                 3.900                                                 93.100                                                 3.800               44.800          4.200    45.200          4.200
f
|H*tO*ry                       3.948            8.773                           3.384                                                    9.439                                      3.15*                                            10.195                                                      2.299                                             10.497                 1.980         10.434       636          7.798
  Chlno                                                                                                                            180.008                                                                                       200.000                                                                                                         190.000                               140.000                  185.000
I    •
  «St                        2t2.<                                           214.888                                                                                          220.000                                                                                                       200.000                                                                     200.000                  180.000
I      •
  Other»                                      169.477                                                                                                                               1.900                                         141.000                                                        2.900                                           124.                     8.700        167.700     7.900        150.120
• WTAL                     1.188.887        1.993.888                     1.889.179                                         1.267.260                                     1.089.492                                         1.291.004                                              1.209.022                                               1.089.979                  1.201.926      1.144.701 1.083.588      1.110.142
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        V
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        L9
 ---pagebreak---                                                     Do
Table 4 : ESTIMATED FORWARD SALES    1991 - 1995
                        I                Estliated forward sales (zentners)
         Country        S
                        !     1991     |     1992    |     1993   |      1994    |   1995
  F.R. of Gereany       |   430.000   !    360.000   !   260.000  !    150.000 !
  France                |    13.425   !     14.692   !    14.514  |     13.514 \    15.359
  Belgium               ;      3.500  î       3.100  |      2.700 !       1.800 !     1.400
  United Kingdom        |    87.000   !     48.000   |    18.000  |       6.000 !     2.000
  Spain                 |    43.000   ;     43.000   I            !             !
  EEC-12                î   576.925   !    468.792   }   295.214  |    171.314  !   18.759
  United States         |   401.135   j    374.012   j   291.075  !    434.486  |
  Australia             |    35.000   !     28.000   |    25.000  |             !
  Yugoslavia            |    44.000   !     38.000   |    22.000  ;     18.000  !   15.000
  Czechoslovakia        !   220.000   ;    150.000   |   120.000  !     80.000  !   60.000
  Poland                i    47.500   ;     45.000   !    43.500  |     41.000  !
  Hungary              |     12.000   !     12.000   !    12.000  !     12.000  !   12.000
  IHGC   Total          | 1.336.560   ! 1.115.804    |   808.789  !    756.800  !  105.759
Source     HB March 1991
 ---pagebreak---          >E?5: rmS) EASE « R I E S 1971 - 1990
      YK*            AFEA (ho)      I               PRODUCTION                       YIELD                BEER PRCDUCTICN CCNTRCT PRICE SPOT PRICE  AVERAGE
                                    I    (2ENTr€R)      I     IN UNES T/r* ALPHKTOtCS      PERCENT AlPH*      M H.              FR5          FRC   PRICE US*
                                    I                   I                                   AU**                            04/2ENn€R   B4/2ENRCR
                                                      —I-
                                                        I
        1971           75.042             1.921. 000 I        96.050  1.28    5.377           5.60  71.65        658             353          622      0.66
        1972           78.015             2.103. 440 I       105.172  1.35    6.174           5.87  79.14        689             332          372      0.71
        1973           81.247             2.388. 020 I       118.301  1.48    7.468           6.31  91.92        731             331          207      0.76
        1974           82.083             2.223. 520 I       111.178  1.35    6.627           5.96  80.74        771             331          235      0.80
        1975           80.527             2.270. 040    I    113.502  1.41    7.230           6.37  89.78        802             331          221      0.83
        1976           78.208             2.135. 200 t       106.780  1,37    6.137           5.75  78,47        826             327          264      0,85
        1977           79.262             2.355. 920    I    117.798  1.49    7.068           6.00  89.15        848             319          128      0.90
        1978           80.230             2.200. 173     I   110.009  1.37    6.374           5.79  79.45        875             297          290      0.90
        1979           81.224             2.359. 848     I   117.992  1.45    7.348           6.23  90.47        911             324          533      0.98
        1960           88.348             2.378. 772     I   118.939  1.38    7.048           5.92  81.80        938             341        1.400       1.51
        1981           92.434             2.652. 833     I   132.642  1.43    7.997           6.03  86.52        954             377          606       1.51
        1982           95.532             2.966. 785     I   148.339  1.55    8.805           5.94  92.17        970             390          167       1.74
        1983           92.688             2.851. 851     I   132.593  1.43    7.543           5.69  81.33        970             405          210       1.93
        1964           88.701             2.472. 791     I   123.840  1.39    8.165           6.60  92.05        970             409          191       2.10
        1985           88.700             2.419. 725     I   120.966  1.40    6.990           5.78  80.62        982             401          245       2.03
        1983           85.699             2.372. 455     I   118.622  1.38    7.528           6.35  86.04        990             410          151       1.78
        1967           87.274             2.368. 497     I   118.324  1.38    8.414           7.11  96.45      1.044             405          301       1.51
        1988           90.044              2.407, 032    I   120.352  1.34    7.382           6.10  81.98      1.050             398          378       1.40
                       90.504              2.365 235     I   118.262  1.30    7.436           6.30  81.90      1.090             387          328       1.38
        1S90           89.587             2.200. 977     I   110.049  1.23    6.661           6.05  74.40      1.130             384        1.190       1.47
                                                         I
A\G*GE                 85.068              2.359.506         117.975  1.39    7.188           6.09  84.29        910             363          402       1e29
INXX '90
(1971 « 1CC)                119                   115             115   96       124           108    104        172             109           191       223
INZX '90
(1980 - 100)                104                    93              93   89        95           102     91        121             113            85         97
Sources : EEC/lhS/COAOCIAL AM) VARIOUS SOURCES
                                                                                                                                                             V
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                            b*j
  Totol* 6: WORLD BEER PRODUCTION 1976 -      1908      ( 1 000 h i )
                                1978      1979          1980          1981      1982      1983      1964     1985     1966         1987      MSB       1989
     F.R. a   GERMANY         91 696    91 643       92    342    93 721     94 826    94 983    92 963    93 303    94    100  92 744    92 639    93   016
     FRANCE                   22 395    22 405       21    684    21 699      22 331   21 803    20 673    20 297    20   655    19 694    19 500   20   926
      ITALY                     7 962     v 899        8    969      9 021    10 193    10 111     9 143    10 317    11  082    11 122    11 191    10  3S3
     NETHERLANDS              14 691    15 388        15   684     16 639     16 180    17 327    17 049    17 931   17   988   17 947     17 600    18  C30
     BELGIUM                  13 399    13 681        14   291     13 811     14 629    14 229    14 311   13 931    13 715     13 990    13 988    14   000
     LUXEMBOURG                   664        712           729          778       791       691       634      736        732        662       635       617
     UNITED KINGDOM           66 419   67 416        64    830    61 721     86 149    60 324    60 105    99 695    99 166     99   827  60   260  60   140
     IRELAND                    9 644     6 039        6   000      9 839      5 638     5 464     8 423     5 937     5 496      9  369    5  401    9  400
     DENMARK                    6 094    8 129         6    169     6 189      8 468     8 734     8 499     7 924     7 900      8  200    8  3S9    8  600
     CREECE                     1 990    2 482         2   900      2 800      2 890     2 800     3 000     2 970     3 190      3  200    3  700    3  900
     PORTUGAL                                                                                                          3 949      4  977    5  519    6  810
     SPAIN                    18 693    19 712       20 027       20 924     21 499    22 082    21 832    23 393    24 126     29   000  27   000  27   200
     TOTAL EEC (1)          233 424   237 076       236 040     237 337     235 928   236 266   233 222   235 963   261 619    262   602 26S   100 269   792
     U.S.A.                 210   139 215   809     227 746     228 990     226   090 230   331 226 490   226  825  230   949  229   297 229   307 231   500
     CANADA                   20  366  20    540     20 669       21 014     23   667  22   999  23 012    22  126   22   819   23   114  23   114  23   637
     BRAZIL                   26  530  28   000      29 900       29 900     29   500  29   000  28 sm     30  250   43   760   47   900  47   600  55   000
    MEXICO                   21   994  24   649      26 019       20    321  27   963  23   611  25   032  27  392   29   287   31   937  32   <21  36   677
    VENEZUELA                  9  300   10 000        12 500      12    000   12  000  11   769  11   62G  10 300    11   200   12   100  13   000  11   000
    COLUMBIA                  10  964   11 354        12 300      12    000   13  436  11   760  14   900  15 800    16   600   17   600  16   513  18   000
    TOTAL AMERICA           319   999 331 691      351 940      356     099 366   466 352   579 353   427 358 452   354   207  361   146 399   000 412   000
    USSR                     65   000  70   000      65 000      65     000  68   000  66   100  66 100    60 000    99 000     50   000  50 000    56   000
    ROMANIA                    8  190    6   300       6   900    11    900  11   900  11   900  11 900    11 900    11 000     10   000  10 000    13   000
    BULGARIA                   9  160    5  900        5   400      5   400    6  000    6  000    9 900     9 900     9 000      7  000    7 000     7  000
    POLAND                    11  378  11   127      11    185    11    300  10   300  10   076    9 961   10 801    11   380   11   644  12   257  12   380
    C.D.R.                   23   000  23   000      ?'    000   24     000  29   000  29   900  26   000  29 000    24   300   25   000  24   400  24   800
    CZECHOSLOVAKIA           22   098  23   610      «/;;  -33   23     934  24 921    24   956  23   780  22 354    22   783   22   228  22   670  23   000
    HUNGARY                    7  244    7  900        7 600        7   800    7 825     7  812    7  912    8 772     9  222     9 500     9  480    9  368
    CUBA                       3  000    2  307        2 365        2   400    2 400     2  400    2  600    2 600     4  047     3 600     3  320    3  400
    TOTAL COMECON           144   990 151   344     147 643     191    334  199 946   154   344 193   393 146 927   146   732  136 972   139   127 148   966
    YUGOSLAVIA               10 009    11   294      11    712    12   000   13   402  12  378   13  600   10  909   10 900     11   790  12   054  n ooo
    SOUTH AFRICA               6 000     6  800        8   900    10   249   12   000  12  000   13  000   13  900   14 900     18   000  16   093  21  000
   NICERIA                     4 890     6  710        7   850      8   000  10   360  10  000    9   000   9  290    6 640       7  000   7   300    7  000
    JAPAN                    44  300   44   796      45    136   46    480   47   339  49  323   46  689   47  461   49 980     93   900  57   496  61   000
   CHINA                       4 000     6  460       6 920       11 360     13 840    16  300   22   133  32  000   40 000     90   000  95   000  60   000
   AUSTRALIA                 19   911  19   676 ;    19 433      20 170      19 662    19  390             16 903    16 170     IS   765  19   900  18   700
                                                                                                 18 949
   OTHERS                    69 907    79 260 : 77 629           79 514      81 906 : 83 464               86 860   113 373    122 386    89 928    91 940
                                                                                                 69 026
    TOTAL WORLD            879 279    910 749 : 936 332         994 263     969 988 : 970 066             982 374  1 019 917 1 044 163 1 096 600 1 102 000:
                                                                                                970 231
   % CHANGE P.A.                3.17       4.09 :       2.81          1.92       1.69     0.01      0.01      1.29       1.03      2.78       1.19     4.30
( 1 ) Spoin and Portooo I Included In CEC t o t » I from I I
Sourco: EEC COMMISSION; JOH. SMITH * 90NN; C.frMf.C.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      v>
Table 7a : EEC external trade In hops and hop products
             September 1989 - August 1990
 !                 {           Cones               !       Powders          !     Extracts           I Total equivalent (1) !
 ! (x 1000 kg) |                   !               I            |           |           !            |       Hop cones         I
 !                 i Extra i Total ! Extra                      J Total I Extra ! Total I Extra ! Total !
 IF.R.G.         i         l          l                       !           I           I            I             I             I
 !- Uport        ;    6.868      !     8.596     J      349   !    1.126  !      87   I      264   |     7.557   |    10.759   I
 I- Export       i    6.106      !     8.937     !   7.797    !   11.156  !   1.516   !    2.316   !    19.989   !   29.315   !
 !- Net          |     -762      |         341   |   7.448    |   10.030  |   1.429   !    2.052   |    12.432   !   18.556   !
 {France         S         S            I                     I           S           I            !             I             !
 S- Import       i       762     !         796   J        0   |      425  !      37   |       177  !       892   !     1.884  !
 !- Export       |       315     |         868   |     147    |      294  J       -   j         -  |       477   |     1.191  I
 !- Net          i     -447      |          72   I      147   |     -131  |     -37   !     -177   S      -415   |      -692  !
{Belgium/        S          I         !                       I           I           I            !             I           S
i Luxembourg     S         S            I                     S           I           S            S             S           S
i- Import        S    1.537      S    2.310      S   1.053    S    1.682  S      89   S       136  S     3.007   S     4.636 S
i- Export        S        38     S         202   S       60   S      724  S      67   S      260   S       339   S     1.908 !
I- Net           S   -1.499      S   -2.108      S    -993    S      958  S     -22   S       124  S   -2.668    S   -2.728 ,'
{United Kingdom  S               S               S            S           S           S            S             !            î
!- Import        S      534      S         917   S     289    S    1.051  S      43   î      240   S     1.003   S     2.913 S
!- Export        S        12     S         439   S       66   S    1.050  S      66   S      101   i       316   S     1.947 S
S- Net           S     -522      J        -478   S    -223    S       -1  î      23   S     -139   S      -687   S      -966 S
i Ireland        S               S               S            S           S           S            S             S           S
i- Import        S          OS              16   S       99   S      451  S     178   S      200   S       732   S     1.212 !
!- Export        S          - S              -   S       40   S       65  S      50   S        32  S       219   S       184 S
!- Net           S          OS             -16   S     -59    S     -386  S    -128   S     -168   S      -513   S   -1.029 !
S Italy            S               S               S            S           S           S            S             S          S
S- Import        S        10 S              36 S          OS         411 S        OS           74 S         10 S         747 S
!- Export        S          4 S              - S          - S          - S        0 S           3 S          4 S          11 J
!- Net           S        -6 S             -36 S          0 {       -411 {        OS         -71 S          -6 S        -736 S
{Denmark         S              S                S           S            S           S           S              S           S
!- Import        S         OS               58 S         28 S        660 S       15 S          70 S         84 S 1.029 S
!- Export        J         - {               - S          - S          - î        - S           - S          - S           - î
I- Net           S         OS              -58 S       -28 S        -660 S      -15 S        -70 S         -84 S -1.029 S
{Netherlands     S              S                S           S            S           S           S             I            S
{- Import        S         OS                IS          24 S        260 S      233 S        394 S         841 S 1.666 S
!- Export          S          - S              - S         - S          - S         4 S        147 S         14 S         515 S
!- Net           S         OS               -IS        -24 S        -260 S     -229 S       -247 j        -827 J -1.151 J
 ---pagebreak---                                                               iH
                      S        Cones             |      Powders           |    Extracts         | Total equivalent (1)
    (x 1000 kg) S                   I            I          I            I          S           S       Hop cones
                      i   Extra S       Total | Extra       ! Total S Extra S Total { Extra S Total
 Spain                S             I            I          I            !          I           I            S
 - Import              S       50 S       379 |       231 |        356 !       47 !        106 {      469 |      1.142
 - Export              S         0 1       196 I        0 |          3 |        - S          - I         OS         199
 - Net                 !      -50 |      -183 \     -231 S       -353 !       -47 {      -106 !      -469 S        -943
 Portugal             {             S            S          I            I          I           I            S
 - Import              S         OS         18 |       55 S        140 i       25 !        169 !       149 S       764
 - Export              S         0 |      248 S         - }          - !        - !          - j         - !       248
 -Net                 S         0 |       230 S      -55 |       -140 |       -25 S      -169 S      -149 S       -516
 Greece               S        I       S                    !            S          S           S            S
 - Import             S         - S          - S        0 S         32 S        - S          - S         OS          35
 - Export             S         - S          - S        - î          - S        - S         - S           OS
 -Net                 }         - {          - }        0 î       -32 J         - S         - S          0 {        -35
                      ;             ;            ;          ;            j          j           ;             ;
 EEC Total            S             S            S          S            I          i           S            S
 - Import             S   10.490 S    13.585 S     1.906 !      6.391 !       764 !     1.986 S    15.261 S     27.566
 - Export             S    6.471 S      8.920 |    8.113 S     13.231 S     1.312 S     2.860 S    19.987 S     33.484
 - Net                S  -4.019 S     -4.665 i     6.207 !      6.840 !       548 !       874 i     4.727 !       5.918
(1) 100 kg p e l l e t s - 110 kg cones
     100 kg extracts - 350 kg cones
Source : EEC-NIMEXE
 ---pagebreak---                                                      M
 Toble 7b: Conmunlty external trade in hops by selected partner countries
             September 1989 - August 1990
                               Canes              Powders                  Extracts         Total «quivalont
                                                                                                  Cones
                      Extra           Total  Extra          Total     Extra          Total Extra          Tot
  Total EEC
- Import                 10 490     13 585    1 906       8 391         784         1 986  15 261        27 5
- Export                  6 471      8 920    8 113      13 231       1 312         2 880  19 987        33 4
- Net                  - 4 019     - 4 665    6 207       6 840         548           874   4 727         5 9
of which:
U.S.A.
- Import                             1 134                  176                       886                 37
- Export                             9 124                  382                        28                 9 6
- Net                                7 990                  206                     - 858                 5 9
Czechoslovakia
- Import                             3 659                  384                                           4 0
- Export                                75
- Net                                3 584                - 384                                           4C
U.S.S.R.
- Import                               888                                                                  f
- Export                               854                  132                        61                 1C
- Net                                 -14                   132                        61                   2
Yugoslovio
- Import                             2 536                  187                                           21
- Export                                56                   42                        43                   i
- Net                                2 480                - 145                        43                 24
China
- Import                             1 514                  250                        23                 1I
- Export                                                      8
- Net                                1 514                - 242                        23                 1I
Japan
- Import                                                     10
- Export                                56                3 159                        50                 3:
- Net                                   56                3 149                        50                 3(
(1) 100 kg pellets      110 kg cones
     100 kg extracts    350 kg cones
Source : EEC-NIMEXE
 ---pagebreak--- Table 8        HOPS SOLD WITHOUT AND UNDER      CONTRACT  AND   AVERAGE PRICES  WITHOUT CONTRACT    AND UNDER CONTRACT   1978 - 19
               CONTRACT     1978 - 1990
                                    Without         Under   contract                          Without         Under contract
                                  contract (1)            50 kg            X under            cont ract          ECU/50 kg
                                      50 kg                                cont ract          ECU/50 kg
                                          1
   A. EEC    1978 - 1990
      1978                          166 .036            686 .210                 81             106  29            111  73
      1979                          150 .109            745 .308                 83             182  12            1 18 30
      1980                            67 .385           723 .983                 91             469  00            133  00
      1981                          154 .754            768 . 155                83             225  63            162  78
      1982                          363 .795            763 . 131                68              65  18            176  93
      1983                          223 .549            744 .142                 77              91  85            183  13
      1984
      1985
                                     195 .478
                                    173 .339
                                                        728 .662
                                                        718 . 124
                                                                                 79
                                                                                 81
                                                                                                 69
                                                                                                 92
                                                                                                     61
                                                                                                     33
                                                                                                                   189
                                                                                                                   173
                                                                                                                        92
                                                                                                                        19
                                                                                                                                  o
      1986                          202 .218            667 .937                 77              62  72            169  93        Ô
      1987                           161 .850           634 .361                 80             123  41            168  19
      1988                           119 .035           632 .255                 84             158  55            169  82
      1989                           169 .083           641 .429                 79             134  58            164  30
      1990                            70 .306           644 .352                 90             468  82            166  61
   B. EEC 1 9 9 0
                                                                                             89          90     89          90
      F.R. of G e r m a n y           55.717            493  413                 90       138,07       505,56 164,00      163,03
      Franco                            1 .022           14  547                 93        123,69      390,02 176,47     212.16
      Be I c I urn                     8.526              3  299                 28        118,41      375,66 129,17      143 49
      United K I ngdom                 5.041             86  554                 94        116,74      236,25 177.33      190 18
       I r o i and                                           686                100       228,72              219,48     267 7 3
      Spain                                              42 431                 100         80,24             146,32      148 2 8
      Portuga I                                            3 412                100                           124,22      121 7 2
 (1) Unsold     quantities   are not   Included
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                       Tabic» » : l/tantoer St at M ' returns
                                                               4          9           8          7           8          9           9o        10        11         12      13           14         19          16
                                                                      Equivalent                              Product Ion                     Totol return*                Average price      Returns/Ha Returne/fa
                              Totol      He»                   Ho         ho       Product ion           Contract    "Spot" Not eold       Contract     Spot"   Return» Contract      "Spot"  Total areo Area eojulv.
                              ho           ha        ho       pro-       full       (90 kg) Yield                                              O)        (2)      totol    ECU/         ECU/   planted   in full prod.
                               1990       1990    1989        1989     production             (90 kg) (90 kg) (90 kg)            (90 kg)       ECU       ECU       ECU    90 kg        90 kg     ECU         ECU
Irani Ing     UK EEC          31.40      3.10        4.50     23.80        27.97       918      16.80          412       106                  75997     21003           184.36        198.14       3088      3467
ÎTf3llor>ï?*r  B               19.69      4.04       6.39      9.22         10.99      901      32.01           45       496                   6487    194813    161301 144.16        339.90     10307      14678
              UK             408.49     40.10      21.40     346.99       376.90     12005      29.39      11540         465               2041077      74639  2119716  176.87        160.91      5180       9613
                    EEC      424.10     44.14      27.79     392.17       387.89     12908      29.49      11589         921           0   2047964     229493  2277017  176.74        249.13      5369       9670
FIA-« Alsoclo  SP EEC           3.00                           3.00          3.00        29      9.67           29                             4918         0      4918 169.98                     1639      1639
Fuggleo        UK            370.40       1.70       1.00    367.70       389.03      9287      25.08        8076       1211               1778204             2083739  220.18        252.30      5626       9647
               i m.             9.92                           9.92          9.92       171     30.99          171                            49250         0     49250 288.01                    8922       8922
                    EEC      379.92       1.70       1.00    373.22       374.99      9458      25.16        8247       1211           0   1827494     305935  2132989  221.99        252.30      5674       9699
Go If! Inge    UK EEC        376.30       6.90       6.00    363.80       370.30     10425      27.71        9442        997          25   2259176     227992  2491227  239.27        237.82       6620      6728
Hallertauer    0            1321.00     44.00      34.00    1243.00      1282.70     30180      22.80      26969        3211               5949678    1782236  7331914  205.59        555.18       5590      9716
               8               90.86      3.89       5.31     81.66        86.87      2999      33.01          600      2399                           910316    996813 144.16        379.46     10971      11502
                    EEC     1411.86     47.89      39.31    1324.66      1369.37     33179      23.90      27969        5610           0   9636176    2892592  8328728  204.44        479.96                 6082
Kersbrucker    0            7404.00   419.00      546.00    6443.00      6963.90    190032      25.70     182449        7587              30496901    3229166 33721667  187.36        425.20       4999      4842
               8               10.18      9.28       3.72      1.18          9.71      305      29.98           89       220                  12294     75044     87296 144.16        341.11       8979     15289
                    EEC     7414.18    420.28     549.72    8444.18      6969.61    190337      25.87     182930        7807           0 30908795     3300210           167.14        422.72       4960      4891
Huiler         0 EEC         902.00       2.00       1.00    499.00       900.49     13327      26.50       10813       2514                1749482    971658 2721140   161.84        366*99       9421      9437
Perle          0 EEC        2980.00    127.00     187.00    2266.00      2438.39     77501      30.00      62892       14609               9651022    8981210 18232231  153.34        987.47       7067      7477
^rogrees       UK EEC          49.10      8.60                36.90        39.94      1126      24.97        1100          26                236326      9230    241596 214.84        201.19       9396      8048
               8 EEC                                           4.17          4.17       104     24.94                     104                     0     40900     40500               389.42       9712      9712
Scot                            4.17
                                                                                                18.00                                                                                 602.33                 4610
Scm            0             241.00     13.00        8.00    220.00       230.40      4329                   4036        293                 889679    176911  1062186  218.61                     4407
               8                          0.09       0.08      2.72          2.79        86     30.18                      86                      0    19940     15940               185.35       5993      3709
                                2.89
                                                             222.72       233.19      4415      18.11        4036        379           0     889679    192491  1078128  219.44        174.16       4421      4623
                    EEC      243.89     13.09        8.08
                                                             331.91       389.13     12941      29.57       12923        419               2784947     197400 2941948   222.35        375.86       6721      7960
St?;ûe»t£<Mlt  F EEC         437.72     49.60      60.61
SunoïiSno      UK EEC           0.90                           0.90          0.90                                                                  0        0         0                               0          0
Tettnanesr     0 EEC        1037.00     26.00       32.00    979.00      1010.20     23893      22.80      22990        1003               4996279     839076 5635351   221.31        637.16       9434      9978
«3V            UK EEC          79.20      5.60       1.90     72.10        79.32      1655      20.89        1948         107                321999     21988    343987 193.27        205.49       4343      4967
               0           13085.00    827.00     808.00 11890.00       12426.00    338962      29.90     309749       29217           0 53328632 19379896    68704489  172.17        526.28       5251      5929
 TOTAL         F             437.72     45.60       80.61    331.31       389.19     12941      29.57       12523        419           0   2784547     197400  2941948  222.35        375.66       6721      7960
               8              123.71     13.28      19.50     94.99       110.33      3999      32.29          730      3285           0     105239 1196614     1301852 144.16        366.50      10523     11800
               UK           1311.79     89.60       34.40 1211.79        1280.39     39016      26.89      32118        2872           IS 8712739      659987  7373185  209.00        228.41       5621      5690
                IRL             9.92      0.00       0.00      9.92          9.92       171     30.98          171          0          0      49290         0     49290 288.01                     8922      8922
               SP               3.00      0.00       0.00      3.00          3.00        29      9.67           29          0          0      4918          0     4918   169.58                    1639      1639
                    EEC    14968.70    791.46     918.31 13296.73       14194.35    391114      26.13     359316       35773          2 9 82989326 17385857   80375642   177.27           .01      5370      9663
(1) Conversion rates ore as follows: (1 ecu - . . . ) : DM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRf 0.878776; ESC 208.876: UKL 0.798189; BF 48.5563.
(2) Returns for unco Id Quantities are calculated en these prlcos : 79 % of spot price.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                       Toble 9 :   Msnfcer Stotes* returns
                                                                        5             6          7          8           9                   10         11           12      13            14        15          16
                                                                   Ecrivaient                                Production                     Totol returns                   Average price      Returnable Returns/So
                              Total                                     ha        Product Ion           Contract "Spot*       Not sold   Contract "Spot"         Return* Contract      "Spot"  Total area Area equiv.
                              ho          he                •*•-      full         (SO kg)     Yield                                         (1)         (2)       total    ECU/          ECU/  planted   In full prod.
                               1990                                 production                (SO kg)   (50 kg)    (50 kg)     (50 kg)       ECU        ECU         ECU    SO kg         SO kg    ECU         ECU
Brewer's Gold  0            1731.00     13.80      7.88   1711.08      1720.79       68020      39.20      54719      13301              6382679    5686260    12068940  116.81        427.33       6972       7014
               F               39.41     1.38               38.03         38.98       1706      43.28       1464         206         IS   218992       84771     308393  147.57        411.91       7825       7993
               8               23.60               8.29     23.31         23.90         897     38.01                    897                    0    213922      213922                238.49       9064       9104
               P             129.00                        129.00       129.00        3412      27.30       3412                          415308            0    419308  121.72                     3322       3322
                      EEC   1919.01     14.38      7.29   1897.34      1907.83       74039      38.98      59615      14404          13  7016960    5984953    13006962  117.70        415.51       8778       8817
Chinook        F      EEC        1.39    0.31      0.50       1.08          1.93         40     29.20          40                            6986           0       6966 164.65                     3485       4307
Galena         F      EEC       0.99     0.99                              0.22                                                                 0           0          0                               0          0
H-3 Leone*     SP EEC        889.00                8.00    88S.88       869.00       28890      33.47                                    4049043            0   4049043  139.88           0.00      4881       4881
H-7 Leone*     $P EEC        544.00                        944.80       544.00       13492      24.73      13452                         2237742            0   2237742  186.35                     4113       4113
Nortndown      B                0.00                                        0.08                                                                0           0          0
               UK            410.30     18.40     14.88    377.10       394.08       12024      29.31      11132         892          0  2301471      192463    2483934  208.74        215.77                  6328
                IRL            11.48                         11.46        11.46         919     44.94         31S                          134419           0    134415  261.00                   11729      11729
                      EEC    421.78     18.40     14.80    388.98       409.94       12938      29.73      11647         892          0  2435886      192483    2828349  208.14        215.77       6232       6481
Northern Bri   D            4868.00     72.00     «8.08   4790.08      4808.78      131982      27.00     121051      10531                         6076294    29622867   161.42       578.85       5264       5328
               F               13.77                         15.77        15.77         399     22.76         117        237          S     16205      87176     104760   138.51       387.83       6843       6643
               B              152.78     0.39      2.87    148.74        151.82       9198      33.77       1829        3319         10   258438    1428113     1689777   141.30       430.28      11082      11145
               UK              17.50                         17.88        17.50         933     30.49         511          22               98461        5830    111885   192.68       265.00       6393       6393
                      EEC   9054.03     72.35     48.87   4833.81      4883.59      137632      27.23     123508       14109         13 19919698    7597412    27929310   161.28       538.48       5447       5513
Nugget         F EEC             4.87    4.17      8.98                     1.99         38      6.94          38                            6257           0       8257  164.85                    1340       3139
OHiego         UK EEC          41.70     0.00      3.98      38.28        40.48         892     21.39         824          68              116353       11585    127938   141.21        170.37      3068       3161
Orion          0 EEC          131.00      1.00     3.08    127.00        129.39       4111      31.40       3413          696             909456      268784     774240   147.82       386.12       5910       9986
Torget          B              34.52    18.83      7.99       8.94        21.76        1038     30.07         478         560               72572     200248     272819   191.82       397.58       7903      12938
                UK          1391.00    283.40    123.30   9884.38      1229.81       38881      27.81      37768          924            8377150      281337              168.89       304.48       4787       9432
                F               11.11     1.8B     3.33       6.13          8.99        274     24.69         230          41         4     37199      20264              161.74       494.24       5308       6883
                      EJtC  1438.83    221.SB    134.58   1088.37      1296.92       40003      27.85      38476        1525          4  6488921      501848    8990252   188.80       329.08                  5963
Ytsornon        8               19.48    6.98      8.98       9.98         12.86        949     27.98         236         309               33901     117246      151147  143.89       379.44       7758      11794
                UK            187.40     7.18      9.»     188.18        183.07       4072      21.73       3930          142             807164       25009     832173  209.38         176.12                 4946
                                                                                                22.40                                                                     143.88
                F               15.05
                              221.93    14.08
                                                   7.38
                                                  14.91
                                                              7.88
                                                           183.34
                                                                           12.47
                                                                        208.48
                                                                                        337
                                                                                      4994      22.32
                                                                                                              115         119
                                                                                                                          370
                                                                                                                                    103
                                                                                                                                    103
                                                                                                                                            16544
                                                                                                                                          857609
                                                                                                                                                       48995       97344
                                                                                                                                                                1080664  200.33
                                                                                                                                                                                       411.72
                                                                                                                                                                                       335.53
                                                                                                                                                                                                               7804
                                                                                                                                                                                                               9189
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        €
                      EZC                                                                                   4281                                      191249
                D           6730.00     88.00     98.80 8888.80               .80  203713       30.27     179189      24928           0 28434729 12031338 38466067        147.93        490.91      9716       5777
                F              88.49     8.08     11.89      88.78        79.92       2794      31.14       2024          803       127   301783      241205     582289   149.10        400.01      6983       7322
  TOTAL         B             230.36    23.98     17.88     188.94       209.73        7638     33.16       2543        9085         10   364910     1959526 2327685      143.90        369*39     10104      11098
                UK          2047.90    228.90    141.80 1877.20        1868.93       58212      27.45      54165        2048          0 9700600       516223 10224417     179.09        292.08      4893       5494
  BITTER         ira.           11.46    0.00      0.80      11.48         11.46        SIS     44.94         SIS           0         0    134413           0     134413 281.00                    11729      11729
                             1409.00     0.00      0.00   1409.00      1409.00       42402      30.09      42402            0         0 6286784              0 6286784    148.27                    4462       4462
                p             123.00     0.00      0.00    129.00        129.00        3412     27.30       3412            0         0    415308            0   419308   121.72                    3322       3322
                           10342.17    348.92    227.35 10067.90      10394.49     316646       29.79     284246      32264         137 43638S29 14748294 98436941        193.92        457.11      5491       5644
 (1) Conversion roi29 are as follows (1 ecu - ...) : OM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRX 0.878778; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.798189; BF 48.9963.
 (2) Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on theee prices : 79 X of spot price.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                  Toble 9 : Mwifcer Stotes' returns
                                                          4          9           6          7          8          9        9a        10        11          12      13           14        19         16
                                                                Equivalent                              Product Ion                  Totol returns                 Average price     R*turn*/ha Return*/ha
                           Total                          Ho         ho       Production           Controc t "Spot" Not sold      Contract "Spot"       Return* Contract      "Spot" Total      Area equlv.
                           ha          ho       ha       pre-       full       (90 kg) Yield                                          (I)        (2)      totol    ECU/         ECU/  planted   in full prod.
                           1990       1990    1969       1989    production              (90 kg)    (90 kg)   (90 kg)   (90 kg)       ECU        ECU       ECU    90 kg        90 kg    ECU         ECU
 ord         0            298.00     66.00      8.00    224.00       299.60      6495      21.70       4483       1972             680154     761110   1441264   151.65       386.12      4838      5639
             8             11.10                         11.10        11.10       278      25.05         26         72      180       3213     25307      75971  123.37       391.49
                 EEC      309.10     66.00      8.00    239.10       266.70      6733      21.78       4909       2044      180    883367     786417   1314071  .151.98       364.74                5677
•it»         UK EEC        17.70                         17.70        17.70       402     22.71         281        121               49637     18703      68340  178.69       194.97      3861      3861
tors         F              4.48                0.29      4.23          4.39
             B              4.16      1.89      0.94      1.73          2.84      104      25.00                   104                         21418      21418               209.99      3148      7990
             UK             7.30                          7.30          7.30                                                                        0
                 EEC       19.94      1.89      0.79     13.26        14.93       104       6.52                   104                         21418      21418               209.99      1344      1474
             0            298.00     86.00      8.00    224.00       299.60      6499      21.66       4483       1972        0    880194     761110   1441264   191.72       389.96      4836      9639
 0 T AL      F              4.48      0.00      0.29      4.23          4.39        0       0.00          0          0        0          0          0         0                              0         0
             8             19.26      1.89      0.94     12.83        13.94       382      29.03         26        176      180       3213     46726      97389  123.97       269.49
rHERS        UK            29.00      0.80      0.00     29.00        29.00       402      16.08        281        121        6      49637      18703     68340  178.89       194.97      2734      2734
                 EEC      342.74     67.89      8.79    266.06       298.93      7239      21.12       4790       2269      180    733004     826938   1603830   193.03       364.27      4679      9365
             0          20113.00    779.00    872.00 18462.00      19340.40    549130      27.30     493413      99717        0 80443919 28168304 108611819      163.03       909.98      9400      9616
             F            930.65     53.66     72.95    404.44       473.06     19899      29.98      14547       1022      127 3086330       399600 3924233     212.16       390.02      6641      7490
             B            369.33     39.11     33.90    296.32       334.00     12019      32.93       3299       8926      190    473362 3202867 3726907        143.49       379.66    10091      11198
 0 T AL      UK          3384.69    294.90    176.20 2913.90        3146.28     91630      27.07      66964       9041       29 16462976     1190913 17869942    190.18       236.29      9219      9619
             IRL           16.98      0.00      0.00     16.98         16.98      686      40.40        686          0        0     183669           0   183669  267.73                  10617     10817
             SP          1412.00      0.00      0.00   1412.00      1412.00     42431      30.05      42431          0        0   6291702           0  6291702   148.28                   4496      4498
             P            129.00      0.00      0.00    125.00       125.00      3412      27.30       3412          0        0    419306            0  419308   121.72                   3322      3322
                 EEC    29991.61   1166.27   1154.65 23630.69     24847.72     714999      27.5S     644392      70306      342 107396899 32980689 140416412     168.61       468.82      9411      9691
) Conversion rote* are os follows (1 ecu - ...) : DM 2.39418: PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IR/ 0.878776; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.796189; BF 48.9963.
) Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on these priées : 79 X of spot price.
 ---pagebreak---         FICHE FINANCIERE
                                                                      DATE
 1.  LIGNE BUDGETAIRE :   181                                 CREDITS     13 Mio ECU
2.   INTITULE DE LA MESURE :
     Proposition de règlement du Conseil fixant, dans le secteur du Houblon, le montant
     de l'aide aux producteurs pour la récolte 1990.
3.   BASE JURIDIQUE :  Article 43 du traité de la CEE
4.   OBJECTIFS DE LA MESURE :
     Fixation de l'aide aux producteurs pour certains groupes de variétés de houblon de
     la récolte 1990.
                                              PERIODE DE     EXERCICE EN        EXERCICE
5.   INCIDENCES FINANCIERES                    12 MOIS       COURS (91)       SUIVANT (92)
5.0   DEPENSES A LA CHARGE
      - DU BUDGET DES CE
        (INTERVENTIONS)                      10,1 Mio ECU    10,1 Mio ECU         p.m.
      - DES BUDGETS NATIONAUX
      - D'AUTRES SECTEURS
5.1   RECETTES
      - RESSOURCES PROPRES DES CE
        (PRELEVEMENTS/DROITS DE DOUANE)
      - SUR LE PLAN NATIONAL
                                        1993           1994         1995           1996
5.0.1   PREVISIONS DES DEPENSES
5.1.1   PREVISIONS DES RECETTES
5.2   MODE DE CALCUL
                           Variétés            Ua           ECU/Ha     Mio ,ECU
                           Aromat iques      14.967           340         5,1
                           Ameres            10.642           340         3,6
                           Autres               242           340         0.1
                                            25.952                       8,8 Mio ECU (A)
       8.8 Mio ECU (A) X 1,147 (DT) - 10.1 Mio ECU (B)
6.0   FINANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR CREDITS INSCRITS AU CHAPITRE CONCERNE DU BUDGET
      EN COURS D'EXECUTION                                                         OUI
6.1   FSUANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR VIREMENT ENTRE CHAPITRES DU BUDGET EN COURS
      D'EXECUTION
6.2   NECLS3ITE D'UN BUDGET SUPPLEMENTAIRE
6.3. CREDITS A INSCRIRE DANS LES BUDGETS ~UTURS                                    OU!
OBSERVATIONS :
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      1SSN0254-1475
                                                              C0M(91) 262 final
EN                                                                             03
                                Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-312-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-74288-7
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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