CELEX: 51989PC0397
Language: en
Date: 1989-08-28
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the framework programme of Community activities in the field of research and technological development (1990-1994) (presented by the Commission)

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 ---pagebreak--- «
  COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                         COM(89 ) 397 final
                                         Brussels , 28 August 1989
                              Proposai for a
                             COUNCIL DECISION
        concerning the framework programme of Community activities
          in the field of research and technological development
                                ( 1990-1994 )
 ---pagebreak---                                                          r
                                                0&n l r y ■
                                          2
                                       CONTENTS
                                                  Page
Foreword                                            3
Proposai for a Council decision conceming           9
the framework programme of Community
activities in the field of research and
technological development ( 1990-1994)
ANNEX I                                            19
Breakdown of the amount deemed necessary
ANNEX II                                           29
The activities
Financial Statement                                31
 ---pagebreak---                                         3
                                    Foreword
1. In submitting the present proposal for a Council decision, the Commission
   recommends the adoption of a new framework programme, 1990-1994, for
   Community research and technological development activities.
   This framework programme is the third in a series which started with the 1984-
   1987 framework programme, and was followed by the second which covers the
   period 1987-1991 .
   The latter is currently being implemented. For two years the 1990-1994
    framework programme      will have activities in common with the existing
   framework programme, according to a rolling programme formula.
2. The immediate past liistory of the current proposal is the mid-term review of
   the framework programme in operation, carried out by the Commission on the
   basis of Article 4 of the Council      Decision of 28 September 1987 .
   This review gave rise to analyses and studies, in particular the First Report on
   the State of Science and Technology (December 1988) and the evaluation
   report drawn up by five independent experts (June 1989). This work provided
   input for the deliberations of the Commission and the Council, which debated
   possible options and directions for Community activity linked to the framework
    programme in its meetings on 14 March and 20 June.
3.  In the light of this analysis and debate, the Commission has opted for a new
    five-year framework programme and not a simple revision of the current
    framework programme which would be limited to the years 1990-1991 and
    would make the essential strategic adjustments more difficult .
 ---pagebreak---                                           4
4. This choice by the Commission has been essentially guided by three
   considerations : the accelerating pace of technological progress in the current
   phase of stable and sustained economic growth in the industrialised countries;
   the necessity for strengthening competitiveness of the European industrial
   system at the worldwide level in a climate of increased international
   competition; the need to respond in a more effective way to the directions
   fixed by the Single Act (the new Title VI of the EEC Treaty) for research and
   technological development.
5. The 1990-1994 framework programme proposal is characterised by the
   regrouping of activities around a limited number of strategic axes, thus
   guaranteeing pertinence, concentration and flexibility of management for
   Community activity.
   Regrouped under three main headings (enabling technologies; management of
   natural resources; management of intellectual resources), six activities have
   been covered : information and communications technologies; industrial and
   materials technologies; environment; life sciences and technologies; energy;
   human capital and mobility.
   The Commission declares its intention to propose, after approval of the
    framework programme, six specific programmes corresponding to the six
    activities foreseen.
6.  The existence of a limited number of activities eventually corresponding to
    specific programmes will increase the necessary interdisciplinary nature of each
    area. It will also reinforce internal synergy between approaches and connected
    technologies.
     However, this regrouping into large strategic areas does not necessarily imply
     any change in the size of individual projects, which should remain pertinent to
 ---pagebreak---                                         5
   the objectives pursued and the need to assure appropriate participation of SMEs
   and universities.
   Taking account of the greater coverage of the new specific programmes
   compared with that of current programmes, it will be useful to strengthen the
   consultation process with the scientific community and, in appropriate forms,
   inter-institutional co-operation.
7. As regards financial matters, a realistic but not unambitious approach
   has been adopted. This takes account at one and the same time of the needs
   of Community research over a pe r i od of five years and the perspective opened
   up by the inter-institutional agreement. This perspective constitutes in every
   case a ceiling, and not an expenditure target, the actual expenditure ex­
    pending upon the importance and the quality of the activities which will be
   finally decided at the level of the specific programmes .
   The overall budget allocation provided for allows for securing the continuity of
    commitments arising from the current 1987-1991 framework programme (3 125
    MECUS) and for the launching, from 1990, of new or renewed activities by
    virtue of taking decisions on specific programmes (7 700 MECUS).
    The actual release of the amounts deemed necessary beyond 1 992 will require
    a second decision for each of the specific programmes to cover new
    commitments after 1992 in accordance with the budgetary discipline then in
    force .
8.  The allocation of the amount deemed necessary between the six activities, like
    the choice of activities itself, responds to the need to avoid an automatic
    continuation of the existing situation. Research needs evolve. The pace of that
    evolution has become more rapid in the present phase of the world economy.
     The changes that result require a careful evaluation of the relative weights to
 ---pagebreak---                                            6
     be given to the different activities, avoiding overlaps and duplication. The
     proposed scheme for the distribution of financial resources tries to meet this
     need .
9.   In this scheme, the first activity, centered on information and communications
     technologies, suffers a small reduction in its allocation as a percentage of the
     total. However, this reduction is not constant within the activity itself. On the
     contrary, it arises from a more marked reduction in the more traditional areas
     and an appreciable increase for some new lines of research, such as those
     related to microelectronics and advanced networks for interconnections between
     information systems . In effect, the last two areas have acquired a growing
     importance : one is a critical factor for the international competitiveness of
     European industry, the other is an indispensable instrument for a true single
     market.
10 . The relative weighting of funds assigned to activities in the sector of industrial
     and materials technologies remains constant . On the other hand, within the
     main topic concerning the management of natural resources, there is a
     redeployment of funds towards research on direct means of environmental
     protection and rehabilitation and towards research in the area of life sciences
      and technologies .
      Against this, the funds allocated to research in the area of energy represent a
      net percentage reduction. This is due to the fact that, in the energy sector, one
      sees, on the one hand, the development of important projects arising from the
      current framework programme which, in many cases, will take several more
      years; and on the other hand, the adjustment of energy policies at the heart of
      the Community according to different priorities to those which have prevailed
      in the past.
 ---pagebreak---                                                  7
11 .    Finally, the importance given to the activity related to a major project of
        mobility and training through research of young researchers at post-doctoral
        level should be underlined. Its importance is marked by the strong increase,
        in absolute and relative terms, in the funds which have been allocated to it .
        In effect, it is to put into practice, at the Community level, a genuine, concerted
        management of intellectual resources, to contribute towards meeting the
        shortage of young researchers which is due to manifest itself in the 1990 s and
        to increase the effectiveness of the machinery of Community research.
12 .    The structure of the framework programme described above allows those
        elements which differ from the current framework programme to stand out.
        There are elements of necessary continuity. Work undertaken in the 1987-1991
        framework programme is continued when the efficiency and pertinence of the
        work carried out at Community level and the continuing validity of the
        objectives can be confirmed.
        However, there are elements of discontinuity and novelty. In certain cases, it
        is a question of introducing new dimensions, horizontal in nature, having a
        bearing on several areas independently of the nature of those areas. This is
     .. the case for the "environment" dimension; but, in a more general way, this is
        also the case for the "prenormative research" dimension. In other cases, it is
         a question of taking into account activities which respond to new strategic
         needs . Annex II of the current proposal indicates activities which are limited
         to emerging objectives . It also indicates activities which, on the other hand, will
         be reduced or abandoned.
 ---pagebreak---                                           8
     Finally, mention must be made, amongst the characteristic elements of the new
     framework programme, of the Commission’s intention to define a global
     initiative, applicable to all the research and development activities, for
     improving in a significant way the dissemination and enhancement of research
     results .
13 . Putting into practice the activities foreseen and carrying out the result­
      ing research projects   requires an important effort from the Commission’s
     services . It will not be enough to reaffirm the importance of proper
     administration for a framework programme that introduces numerous novel
     elements, some of which also affect procedural and management aspects.
     The Commission undertakes forthwith to take the necessary measures, within
     its areas of responsibility, for improving the efficiency of its management and
     increasing in general the productivity of its administrative machinery. Control
     and evaluation methodologies, accompanied by new forms of decentralised
     management, will be introduced.
14.  The Commission is fully aware that the current proposal involves a sizeable
     commitment, which implies at the same time, imagination and ingenuity in
      application, determination and flexibility. The Commission intends to meet this
      commitment, in each phase of the process that is begun by this proposal,
      starting from the interinstitutional discussions and leading to the approval of
      the new framework programme by the end of this year.
      The Commission stresses the fact that this objective, as well as the work
      already undertaken, has been set out in the conclusions of the European
      Council in Madrid .
 ---pagebreak---                                            9
                                    Proposai for a
                                    COUNCIL DECISION
 concerning the framework programme of Community activities in
the field of research and technological development ( 1990-1994)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in
particular Article 130q c 1 ) thereof ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community,
and in particular Article 7 thereof,
 Having regard to the proposal from the Commission 1 ,
 Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament2,
 Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee3,
      1 OJ No
      2 OJ No
      3 OJ No
 ---pagebreak---                                           10
Whereas the Single European Act incorporated a Title VI (Articles 130f to 130q ) into
the EEC Treaty ; whereas that Title constitutes the new legal basis for Community
activities in the field of research and technological development; whereas, in
particular, Article 130f   Lays down that the Community 's aim is to strengthen the
scientific and technological basis of European industry and to encourage it to become
more competitive at international level; whereas, in order to achieve this, the
Community is encouraging companies, including small and medium-sized undertakings,
research centres and universities in their research and technological development
activities and is supporting them through appropriate actions ;
Whereas, on the basis of Article 130 i , all Community activities in this field are set
out in a multiannual framework programme ;
 Whereas, following an initial framework programme for the period 1984-1987, a
 second framework programme for the period 1987-1991 was adopted by the Council
 Decision 87/516/Euratom , EEC 4 and is in the process of being implemented ;
 Whereas, pursuant to Article 4 of the abovementioned            Decision ,         the
 Commission examined the state of implementation of the second framework
 programme, in particular through an evaluation report prepared by a group of
  independent experts ;
  Whereas, in view of the rapid pace of technological development, new economic
       * OJ No L 302 , 24.10.1987 , p.1 .
 ---pagebreak---                                           11
challenges which the Community must meet, the increased level of global competition
and the need to keep in view the horizon beyond 1992, Community activities in the
field of research and technological development must be intensified and made more
complete; whereas, in the light of these factors, a new framework programme should
be adopted for the period 1990-1994 in association with the current framework
programme 1987-1991 ;
Whereas the Community’s activities must be based on the principle of subsidiarity, and
whereas the Community’s activities in the field of research and technological
development must thus provide added value in relation to activities carried out at
national level ;
Whereas the strengthening of research and technological development policy must
constitute an element of the harmonious development and cohesion of the Community;
Whereas it is necessary to retain the pre-competitive nature of Community research
 and technological development and at the same time the process of technological
 progress requires a continuum of interlinked activities, ranging from basic research to
 the demonstration of the applications of new technologies ;
 Whereas Community research and technological development activities should
 incorporate a prenormative dimension in order to guarantee the scientific and technical
 basis necessary to establish adequate norms and standards; and whereas such an
 ---pagebreak---                                           12
approach is likely to facilitate the completion of the single market and to provide a
response to the Community’s increased responsibilities in the fields of environment,
health and safety ;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre is called on to contribute to the implementation
of the framework programme in those fields in which an impartial and independent
expert opinion is required for the benefit of all Community policies ;
Whereas the dissemination and exploitation          of the results of research and
technological development activities are essential elements in the process of
innovation, in particular for small and medium-sized undertakings, and whereas, for this
reason, a global initiative should be undertaken which will apply to all activities in
the field of research and technological development ;
 Whereas a new initiative should be launched to improve the mobility of young
 researchers at post- graduate level, relying on networks of centres of excellence
 throughout the Community ;
 Whereas efforts should be focused on a limited number of activities and specific
 programmes corresponding to the strategic priorities laid down in the framework
 programme ;
 ---pagebreak---                                              13
  Whereas the framework programme is implemented through specific programmes and
  whereas, furthermore, decisions may be taken on supplementary programmes within
  the meaning of Article 130L, participation within the meaning of Article 130m and
  cooperation with third countries or international organisations within the meaning
  of Article 130 n ;
  Whereas the Community’s involvement in Eureka projects which fit in with activities
  downstream of the Community’s research and technological development strategy
  should be increased by means of appropriate instruments and the interface between
  the framework programme and European cooperation activities in the field of scientific
  and technical research (COST) should be improved, in accordance with Articles 130m
  and 130n ;
  Whereas it is necessary to make an estimate of the Community financial means
  necessary for the realisation of the research and development activities envisaged, in
_ accordance with Article 130i.(l ) of the EEC Treaty; whereas this amount is entered in the
   financial perspective included in the Inter-institutional Agreement of 29 June 1988 s
   for the years 1990 to 1992 ; whereas the item "IMPs and research" of the
   abovementioned perspective allows the retention of a sum of about 2 400 million ECUS;
    whereas as a consequence of the annual technical adjustments provided for in
    the agreement , the working assumption has been made that this amount will be
   about 2 700 million ECUs ;
            J lij   185 , 15.7.1988 , p.33 .
 ---pagebreak---                                            14
 Whereas it is appropriate to estimate the amount required for the implementation of
 the framework programme in 1993 and 1994, which, with regard to its realisation
 in financial terms, shall comply with the budgetary discipline agreed upon for these
years in a future agreement, taking as its basis the amount provided for the
final year of application of the current agreement ;
 Whereas the funds effectively available for the execution of the framework programme
 shall be determined according to the budgetary procedure in line with the
 abovementioned agreements ;
 Whereas it will be possible for new financial instruments drawing on market resources
  to be developed outside the framework programme but related to it, in order to
  facilitate exploitation of the results of research and technological development
  programmes ;
  Whereas the Commission, in discharging its responsibilities, undertakes to improve the
   efficiency of programme management, in particular by implementing an advanced
   monitoring system and decentralised procedures at the project level ;
   Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST) has been
   consulted,
 ---pagebreak---                                           15
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
                                      Article 1
1.   This framework programme for Community activities in the field of research
     and technological development, hereinafter referred to as the "third framework
     programme", shall cover the period 1990-1994. The provisions laid down for
     specific     programmes    adopted    in   the  context of   Decision
     87/516/Euratom, EEC concerning the framework programme for
      1987-1991       shall   remain   in   force .
2.   The third framework programme shall provide for six activities grouped as
     follows :
     Diffusion technologies
             1 . Information and communications technologies ;
             2 . Industrial and materials technologies.
     Management of natural resources
             3 . Environment ;
             4. Life sciences and technologies ;
             5 . Energy.
      Management of intellectual resources
              6 . Human capital and mobility.
 ---pagebreak---                                         16
3.  Without prejudice to the amount of 3 125 million ECUs deemed necessary in
    respect of the framework programme for 1987-1991 which it will be possible
    to enter in the budget from 1990 onwards, the amount of Community
    expenditure deemed necessary for the execution of the activities envisaged by
    the present decision shall be 7 700 million ECUs . Of this amount, 2 700 million
    ECUS are estimated to be necessary for the execution of the activities envisaged
    during 1990, 1991 and 1992 and 5 000 million ECUS for the implementation
    of the activities envisaged during the years 1993 and 1994. The budgetary
    authority shall determine the available funds for each year.
4.  The breakdown of the amount deemed necessary for the period 1990-1994
     between the six activities referred to in paragraph 2 is set out in Annex I.
5.   The activities referred to in paragraph 2 and their scientific and technical
     objectives are described in Annex II .
                                      Article 2
 1.  The third framework programme shall be implemented through specific
     programmes in accordance with Articles 130k          and 130p    of the Treaty,
     covering each of the areas referred to in Article 1(2).
 ---pagebreak---                                         17
2. For the implementation of the specific programmes, decisions may be taken on
   supplementary programmes within the meaning of Article 13CK of the Treaty, on
   participation within the meaning of Article 130m , and on co-operation within the
   meaning of Article 130 n .
3. The amounts deemed necessary for the implementation of each specific
   programme shall be the subject of two Council decisions, covering the periods
   1990-1992 and 1993-1994 respectively.
                                     Artide 3
   The detailed rules for financial participation by the Communities in the third
   framework programme as a whole shall be those provided for in Title VII of
   the Financial Regulation of 21 December 1977 applicable to the general budget
   of the European Communities, without prejudice to the charging to the budget
„  of any contributions from the Communities to supplementary programmes or
   to national or multinational activities or projects.
                                     Article 4
   The financing of activities related to the dissemination and exp loitation of the
    results of the specific programmes shall be brought about, in '-he              ;-f
    coherent management, by oringmg toget her sums allocates to i >;* *• - c. / r, "s
    according to a percentage to be neiermined i°r each specific •:>cr' ,rr ■' or .
 ---pagebreak---                                       18
                                   Article 5
During the third year of execution of the third framework programme the
Commission shall assess its progress. It shall examine, in particular, whether
the objectives, priorities, activities envisaged, and financial resources are still
appropriate to the changing situation. In the light of this review, as far as is
necessary, it shall make proposals for the revision of the framework programme.
 Done at Brussels ,                                    For the Council
 ---pagebreak---                                            19
                                        ANNEX I
Framework programme of Community activities in the field of research and
technological development (1990-94)
Breakdown of the amount deemed necessary :
                                                          (in millions of ECUs)
I. Enabling technologies
         1.   Information and communications technologies        3 000
         2.   Industrial and materials technologies              1 200
      Management of natural resources
         3.   Environment                                           700
         4.   Life sciences and technologies                     1 000
         5.   Energy                                             1 100
 III . Management of intellectual resources
         6.   Human capital and mobility                            700
                                                       TOTAL     7 700
 ---pagebreak---                                      20
                                 ANNEX II
THE ACnvmES
The third framework programme (1990-1994) defines new objectives for giving
an innovatory push to Community action. The orientations defined in the
1987-1991 framework programme remain in force in the implementation of
the specific programmes, where an element of continuity is required.
The choice of scientific and technical objectives rests on the principle of
Community added value. This principle, and the exercise of selectivity which
results, are of vital importance for the efficient use of the limited funds at the
Community’s disposal. The modification of industrial attitudes towards further
transnational initiatives; replying to the. essential challenges of industrial
competitiveness; implanting European attitudes in the training of young
researchers - these are the criteria that have guided the selection of objectives
listed in the current annex.
As concerns the preferred means of action, the shared-cost action remains the
principal instrument. In those cases where coordination of existing research at
 the national level is the predominant aspect, concerted action will be used.
 The Joint Research Centre participates in the implementation of the framework
 programme. A new emphasis will be given to this participation by reinforcing
 research with a prenormative character in the area of industrial and materials
 technologies; by a reorientation of research on nuclear safety; by the
 reinforcement of activities linked to the environment and industrial risks; and by a
 new emphasis on technological forecasting. The financing of JRC research
  activities relevant to the framework programme will be brought about by
  bringing together funds available from the sums allocated to the specific
  programmes .
 ---pagebreak---                                       21
   The Council shall define the detailed arrangements for the dissemination of
   knowledge resulting from the specific programmes. This requires general action
   and a unified management within the Commission services to achieve
   coherence.    In particular, this management has to provide for diffusion of
   results through publications as well as by computerised means according to
   common standards and protocols, the adaptation of industrial and intellectual
   property rules, innovation transfer and the exploitation of results within the
   Community. The financing of these activities is achieved by grouping funds
   deducted from the sums allocated to the specific programmes.
   In strict accordance with the guiding character given to the framework
   programme by the Treaty, the following paragraphs make reference to the
   strategic elements of the 1990-1994 framework programme.
I. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
1. Information and Communications Technologies
   The interaction between information and communications technologies, the
   increased requirements of users and the necessity to constitute a real nerve
   system for the single European area     lead to a re-orientation of efforts along
   three main lines, while preserving the synergies required for subjects of great
   Community interest such as high-definition television.
   A. Information Technologies
    Apart from the research produced within the ESPRIT Programme, re-oriented
    towards the new generation of technologies, laying more stress on prototypes
    and multi-supplier and distributed systems , new activities viii receive priority
    in the following areas .
 ---pagebreak---                                     22
Microelectronics . The objective is to contribute to the creation of a European
manufacturing capability for advanced products, in particular integrated circuits
in conjunction with the JESSI project. It is crucial to maintain the skills
necessary to ensure the survival of the European electronics industry,
associating the efforts of suppliers and users, and to enable potential new
applications in the most advanced areas .
Peripherals. The objective is to produce new generations which are reliable,
low-cost and mass produced, taking into consideration for complex systems the
most up-to-date technologies and for developing new manufacturing methods.
The action should favour the appearance of new in-out and storage
arrangements .
Software . Systems and tools need to be developed enabling productivity in
software production to be increased.
IT applied to industrial engineering. The action will contribute to optimizing
the use of advanced CAD/CAM systems in strategic industrial sectors.
 B. Communications Technologies
 In parallel to the continued development of an integrated broadband network,
 the objective consists of developing intelligent, reliable and secure networks as
 well as new value-added and profitable services adapted to developing user
 needs .
 Priority has also to be given to the growing demand for mobile telephony
 services and the integration of these services into networks. The requirements
 to be taken into account concern those of private life and leisure as well as
 professional life. To meet these needs and ensure a flexible transition between
  successive generations of networks, the following actions are foreseen:
 ---pagebreak---                                     23
development of intelligent networks, using new techniques of information
transfer, optical communications and artificial intelligence ;
mobile communications: specific issues need to be resolved, such as
communication security, saturation of available frequencies, the efficient use of
airborne methods of transmission, equipment miniaturisation and the integration
of mobile telephony into universal networks ;
image communication: building on numerical image transfer (including HDTV),
research efforts are needed to integrate image into multimedia communications
and to ensure the development of allied protocols and coders-decoders ;
service engineering: work on architectures and software, realised on basic
teleservices and on improved value-added services.
These actions will be accompanied by others, aimed at ensuring the reliability
and the security of communications by means of developing verification and
testing technologies. Finally, it will be necessary to identify the characteristics
and common function of certain model services by realising real scale
experiments in advanced communications.
C. Development of Telematic Systems in Areas of General Interest
The realisation of the large internal market is setting new requirements in the
 field of information exchange. At the level of public administration, faced with
 problems determined by the abolition of barriers and the realisation of the
 single market, these requirements comprise topics such as the interior, justice,
 customs, and social security. At the level of the individual user, questions of
 transport, health, distance learning, environmental protection and access to
 rural areas predominate.
 ---pagebreak---                                       24
   To meet these requirements, beyond the efforts being undertaken within
   regional or national contexts, additional Community effort is needed. This
   comprises the development of telematics systems combining information
   technologies, communications and audio-visual techniques. Industrialists,
   network users and suppliers throughout the Community will be encouraged to
   regroup around projects which meet both the requirements of economic
   development and social demand, thereby cementing a community of interest and
   spirit.
   These projects, the full development of which will take place outside the
    framework programme, require preparatory R&D work, including language
   research and engineering, of a collaborative nature and including pilot
   experiments which will act as a catalyst and form the building blocks for future
   action.
2. Industrial and materials technologies
   The objective is to contribute to the necessary rejuvenation of European
   manufacturing industry by developing its science base and the advanced
   technologies required. Technological developments will be integrated with
   considerations of emerging market requirements and of more severe
   environmental constraints. Priority will be given to major integrated projects ;
   among these, the development of the "clean car".
   This strategic step leads to a shift in priorities in the areas described below
   accompanied by the phasing out of areas such as membranes and catalysis.
   Materials. Emphasis will be placed on materials with specific properties,
   exploiting recent breakthroughs in the understanding of microscopic structure;
 ---pagebreak---                                         25
     on materials for use in extreme or unusual conditions, as well as on
     environmental and whole life cycle aspects of materials, including recovery and
     recycling.
     Design. Reducing "design to product" lead time requires advances in the
     scientific and technical basis of design, including materials selection, systems
     analysis, design rules for manufacture, assembly, reliability and maintenance.
     Emphasis is placed on design-relevant enabling technologies, such as fluid
     dynamics, power systems and acoustics ; process control, particularly aimed at
     "zero-defects" products.
     Manufacturing. Improvement of the management of manufacturing operations :
     manufacturing practices must aim at greater efficiency, shorter implementation
   . times, reduced "work in progress" and unit costs, higher quality levels. Research
     includes mathematical modelling, adaptation of computer-aided design and
     manufacturing techniques, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises.
     Measurement and testing. A new emphasis on the formulation and
     implementation of common norms, standards and codes of practice is stimulated
     by the completion of the internal market. This leads to new requirements for
      scientific and technological know-how to provide an objective base for
      normative work.
II    MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
3.    Environment
      The purpose is to provide the scientific knowledge and technical know-how
      needed by the Community to carry out its new role relating to the environment,
      according to Title VII of the EEC Treaty. In this sector, the research activities
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have a common horizontal dimension of prenormative research, aimed at the
preparation of environmental quality norms, safety and technical norms,
methodologies for environmental impact assessment. The new actions are
concerned with the following four areas .
Participation in the Global Change Programme. The objective of the programme
is to understand the processes governing environmental change and to assess
the impact of human activities. European participation will contribute to the
development of research on the interaction between biogeochemical cycles,
atmospheric chemistry, physical and chemical oceanography, climatic processes .
Technologies and engineering for the environment. In addition to research on
environmental monitoring, including remote sensing, a specific action will be
directed at introducing techniques and engineering systems to protect and
rehabilitate the environment .
 Large integrated research projects. These projects address the whole range of
 problems arising from major environmental issues. They may concern large
 coordinated campaigns, from observation and experimentation focusing on the
 continental or marine environment to integrated operations attacking all aspects
 of a regional issue.
 Research on economic and social aspects . This includes the scientific research
 to support the study of the legal and ethical aspects of environmental policy
 and management. This deals with risk assessment, perception and management;
 the economic evaluation of environmental impacts; the socio-economic impact
 of the implementation of environmental policies; and the effectiveness and
 consistency of laws and regulations related to environmental matters.
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4. Life Sciences and Technologies
   The long-term strategic objective is to contribute, in a selective and integrated
   way, to the development of Europe’s potential for understanding and using the
   properties and structures of living matter.
   Basic biotechnology. Emphasis is shifted towards strengthening the science base,
   through      research    centred   on     understanding     biological   information,
   transformation and control systems, whilst keeping in mind the ethical
   implications of such work. In particular, the research actions will include
   genome analysis, related to genomes of representative species ; neurobiology and
   immunology; macromolecuiar modelling; nutrition ; testing, also in order to
   provide the scientific prenormative basis for Community regulations .
   Agricultural and agro-industrial research. Research in the agricultural and
   forestry sectors will include projects on crop and animal production, taking into
   account the present objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy and of rural
   development; it will contribute to major interdisciplinary programmes, such as
   a programme aimed at finding effective remedies for desertification. Research
   will be developed in the field of aquaculture and fisheries .               Research,
   development and demonstration actions will be taken beyond current activities,
   exploiting results from plant molecular biology and physiology research, through
   soil-plant interaction, to harvesting and processing. Emphasis is placed on
    increasing resistance of plants to adverse agents by genetic means . In the field
    of industrial utilisation of agricultural raw materials , the strategic priority is to
    obtain , through chemical and biological processing, new biodegradable products
    and to provide clean energy sources by exploiting biomass .
    Biomedical and health research. The main focus is on new ways of tackling
    socially and economically relevant diseases , through concerted methodological
    and protocol studies in epidemiological , experimental and clinical research . For
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   cancer, attention is shifted towards early tracing of carcinogenic factors and the
   development of new tests for anti-carcinogenic drugs. For AIDS, a new activity
   aimed at the development of control systems, including chemotherapy and
   vaccines   will be developed .
   Life sciences and technologies for developing countries. Emphasis is placed on
   tropical agriculture (integrated management of agricultural resources for
   reducing food shortages in regions at risk whilst protecting the environment)
   and on tropical health research (efforts are concentrated on new steps to
   combat some major tropical diseases).
5. Enervy
   Environmental compatibility has become a key element for energy systems.
   Therefore the central issue of Community action in this field is shifted towards
   the development of clean and safe energy technologies. This is pursued in the
   following three areas :
   Fossil, renewable energy sources, energy utilization. A diversity of technological
   options is required, faking into account energy-related environmental problems
   such as the greenhouse effect and acid rain. The research includes the use of
   hydrogen and other suitable substitutes for liquid fuels in the transport sector.
   In-depth analysis is carried out on the concept of "zero emission power", which
   is focused on electricity generation having a minimal environmental impact.
   Certain iines of research inconsistent with this approach are discontinued, such
    as research on coal liquefaction. Following recent breakthroughs in the
    understanding of combustion processes, and of new electrolytes and catalysts,
    new energy production and saving technologies will be developed.
    Nuclear fission safety. Community action will put further emphasis on the
 ---pagebreak---                                       29
   harmonisation of safety approaches and thus reinforce the prenormative
   dimension of its research. A new impulse will be given to research on reactor
   safety, radioactive waste management, fuel elements, actinides and control of
   fissile materials. Radiation protection research will include radiation from
   natural and medical sources, a better definition of the risks of low radiation
   doses, new technologies to assess quickly the radiological consequences of
   nuclear accidents.
   Controlled nuclear fusion. The JET Joint Undertaking is prolonged up to 1996,
   in order to achieve control of plasma in conditions close to those of the Next
   Step (Engineering fusion test reactor). Work for the detailed design of the
   Next Step as well as for new systems will be pursued . Some existing fusion
   devices will be phased out having completed their experimental programmes .
   The present keep in touch activity in inertial confinement is developed, through
   fundamental research on the interaction of plasma with laser light and possibly
   with accelerated heavy particles . Muonic and other cold fusions will be
   explored.
IU MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES
6  Human capital and mobility
   The purpose is to provide the European research system with the trained
   human resources on which it is critically dependent and which are likely to
   become increasingly scarce in the years to come .
   A new initiative characterized by the highest efficiency and Community added
   value is required. These two requisites are inherent in a major project of
    mobility of young researchers, at post-graduate level, in the area of the exact
    and natural sciences, technologies and economic science. Training at the
 ---pagebreak---                                      30
interface between basic sciences and technological applications will be pursued.
The Community will finance the cost of training, generally for a period of two
years, in centres of excellence of a country different from the country of origin.
This is a Community investment in human capital, which will have pervasive
effects over the whole research and technological development system and on
cohesion and the redressing of intracommunity imbalances . This investment can,
where necessary, be complemented by support measures in favour of networks
of research training centres.
An important role in the implementation of the programme will be played by
the scientific community itself, through its own institutions, particularly for the
identification of networks of centres of excellence and the selection of
candidates .
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                       FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Pursuant to article 130 i ( 1 ) of the Treaty, the proposal for a framework
programme 1990-94 fixes the amount deemed necessary as well as the
breakdown of this amount between the various activities envisaged . The
breakdown, which is to be found at Annex I of the proposal, is as follows
(amounts expressed in millions of ECUS ).
I. Enabling technologies
1.     Information and communications technologies           3 000
2.     Industrial and materials technologies                 1 200
II. Management of natural resources
3.     Environment                                             700
4.     Life sciences and technologies                        1 000
5.     Energy                                                1 100
III. Management of intellectual resources
6.      Human capital and mobility                             700
                                                   TOTAL     7 700
Appropriations for the JRC and for the dissemination of results will be entered
under separate headings drawn from the above amounts.
This amount deemed necessary equals the sum of the amounts allocated for the
 execution of programmes decided upon for the implementation of the
 framework programme.
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2.        The amounts which are to be set out on a yearly basis in the budget will be
          determined by the budgetary authority through the annual budgetary
          procedures on the basis of the allocations for the programmes and the
          expenditure foreseen as well as in compliance with the budgetary discipline
          then in force .
          An indicative schedule for commitments to be set out in successive budgets
          under the heading of the framework programme 1990-1994 is given in the
          following table.
                   Indicative schedule for item 3 of the financial perspective
                                       (amounts in millions of ECUS)
                        1990             1991              1992            1993             1994   Total
Financial             2 071             2 422             2796
perspective (a)
I.M.P.                   344.0             355.0            196.1
F.P. 84-87                 4.2
F.P. 87-91             1 552.3            709.7             831.7(b)
F.P. 90-94                29.5          1 200.5           1 470.0         2 400.0          2 600.0 7 700.0
Outside F.P.             137.0             150.0            165.0
Total                  2 067.0          2 415.2           2 662.8
(a)       The amounts for the financial perspective for the years 1991 and 1992 are calculated
          on the basis of an annual inflation rate of 3.5 %
 (b)      31.3 million will be committed in the 1993 and 1994 exercises .
 ---pagebreak---                                       33
3. The annual amounts shall cover scientific, technical and demonstration activities
   as well as personnel costs and administrative, scientific and technical expenses
   directly linked to the execution of the programmes. As far as activities carried
   out by the JRC are concerned, these amounts shall also cover the infrastructure
   for the institutes .
4. The financial and budgetary execution of the programmes will take place in
   accordance with the provisions of the Financial Regulation, in particular the
   Title dealing with research and investment appropriations.
 ---pagebreak---                                             _ 5Li _
                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                               COM(89) 397 final
                                                       DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                          16 19
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO -89-375-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92- 77 -52630-0
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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