CELEX: 51975PC0580
Language: en
Date: 1975-12-01
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING THE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 18 OCTOBER 1971 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAXS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO UNITS OF MEASUREMENT (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (75) 580
Vol. 1975/0219
 ---pagebreak--- Disclaimer
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN
                                                        COM(75)580 final
                                                        Brussels, 1 er december" 1975
                                  Proposai for a
                                 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
                AMENDING TEE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 18 OCTOBER 1971
        OK IKE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAXS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING
                              TO UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
                  ( submitted to the Council by the Commission)
   COÎK75 ) 530 final
 ---pagebreak---                               EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
When adopting the Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member
Statoe relating to units of measurement ( 7l/354/E3C)(l ) on 18 October - 1971 ,
'the Council included a number of units or names of units in a special chapter
and made provision for their authorization to bo reviewed by 31 December 1977 *
Upon the enlargement of the Community as provided for in the Documents concerning
the accession to the European Communities of the Kingdom of Denmark f Ireland ,
the Kingdom of Norway and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland ( 2 ), that Directive was amended and supplemented so as to take into
account the units of measurement of the Imperial System that were in lawful
use in two of the new Member States , These units were listed in a special
annex and the Council decided that their future would be determined by
31 August 1976 .
Finally , the Fifteenth General Conference of Weights and Measures held in
Paris between 26 May and 2 June 1975 made some additions to the international
system of units (the SI system ) which needed to be incorporated in Community
legislation.
This Directive does not radioally amend the Directive adopted in 1971 "but
brings it up to date in accordance with Decisions of the Council and Resolutions
of the General Conference of Weights and Measures .
The units in question are classified under four chapters :
- Chapter A 1 Units of measurement the use of which is definitively authorized ;
- Chapter B : Units , names and symbols which are to ^ disappear from use as
                 soon as possible , and at the latest by 31 December 1977 ;
- Chapter C : Units , names and symbols which are to disappear from use as
                 soon as possible , and at the latest by 31 December 1979 ?
- Chapter D : Units , names and symbols which are to disappear from use as
                 soon as possible but authorization of which is to be reviewed
                 "by 31 Dcoember 1979 »
 ( 1 ) OJ no L 243 , 29 October 1971 , P. 29
 (2 ) OJ no L 73 , 27 March 1972 , p. 119
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 2 -
Chapter A lists "the "baso units of the SI system and also the supplementary
units , derived units and the units defined on the basis of the Si system ,
in accordance with the latest decisions of the General Conference of Weights
and Measures .
In addition to the units already mentioned in the 1971 Directive as units
which axe to disappear from use by the end of 1977 at the latest , Chapter B
lists a number of the units of tho Imperial System .
Chapter C lisi<s most of tho units which arc to bo reexamined
before the end of 1977 and also numerous units of the Imperial
 System.
Finally , the last chapter lists the units used in the field of radioactivity
which are not part of the SI system , Care must however , be taken when replacing
these units by the SI units recently adopted in 1975 by "the General Conference
of Weights and Measures in view of the dangers to health that could result
from any errors in this field.                                    '
It also lists some of the units of the Imperial System which are to disappear
from use eventually but which the United Kingdom and Ireland are unable to
abolish in tho immediate future because of administrative complications
( for example alteration of road signs giving distances in miles ) or for
psychological reasons (use of the' p-'.nt etc .). In this field efficiency ,
which dictates that a uniform system should be adopted within the Community
as soon as possible , should be coupled with the need not to cause too drastic
an upheaval of deep-rooted habits and not to upset the economy or the customs
of certain lumber States by running bhe risk of errors occurring with
possibly unpleasant , or even dangerous consequences for their inhabitants .
In any event -, the Directive clearly stipulates that such unite may not be
brought into use by Member States yharo they are not authorised cn the
date on which tho Directive enters into force .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 3 -
 In short , the transition to the SI system of units involves educating the
 puolic - and not only in the Anglo-Saxon countries - and cahnot be effected
 in too drastic a fashion ,    *           -   • ■ ;     -                   .
 It is for this reason that it has been considered necessary that authorization
 of these particular units , which are listed in Chapter D and of which there
are , moreover , very few should be reviewed in a few years time ant that at
present no date should be fixed for their disappearance from use .
At all events , in view of the special situation which has arisen in this field
as a result of the enlargement of the Community , it would appear that '
                     Directive as now conceived will bring about an appreciable
improvement" in this field , which is so important for mutual understanding between
Member States , an improvement that will be in line with the recommendations ;
adopted at - international level by the most competent scientific organizations.
 Finally it is important to remember that this directive like the directive
 adopted in 1971 only concerns the use of units of measurement for economic ,
 public health,' publio safety or administrative purposes# Of course , even
 within these limits , are excluded the units laid down by international .
 intergovernmental conventions or agreements in the fiels of air and sea
 transport and rail traffio .
 ---pagebreak--- PROPOSAL FOR A COU1TCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING THE OOUITCIL DIRECTIVE OP
18 OCTOBER 1971 ON THE APPROXIMATION OP THE L/IWS OP THE MEMBER STATES
REIAT.^ra TO UNITS OP MEASUREMENT
THE OOUITCIL OP THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion/"^ of the European Parliament ;
                                (2
Having regard to the Opinion       ' of the Eoonomic and Social Committee ;
Having regard to the Council Directive of l8 Ootober 1971^ on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of
measurement ;
                                              (4
Having regard to the Treaty of Access ionx T / , and in particular Article 29
thereof and the amendments to the Council Directive of l8 October 1971
contained in Annex I thereto ;
Whereas , pursuant to the said Treaty , the classification in Annex I to the
Council Directive of l8 October 1971 of 'the units cf measurement listed
in Annex II to that Directive is to be decided on by 31 August 197^ at the
latest ;
Whereas , pursuant to the Council Directive of 18 October 1971 on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of
measurement , provision is made for the review before 31 Deo ember 1977
of the situation as regards the units and names of units listed in
Chapter II of Annex I to that Directive ;
(1)  0o J#  No
(2)  0®J.   No
( 3) OaJ*   No L 243 , 29 October 1971 , P*29
( 4) 0e J<, No L 73 . 27 Ifexoh 1972 , p# 119
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas the fifteenth General Conference of Weights and Measures "( CGPIi) f
convened on 27 May 1975 in Paris by the International Committee of Weights
and I-loasi-ires r adopted new international resolutions concerning the
international system of units of measurement ;
HAS ADOPTSD THIS DIRECTIVE ï
 ---pagebreak---                                    Article 1
The -Council -Directive -of 18 October 1971 on the approximation of the laws
01 the Member States " relating to unite of~measurement ""is. hereby amended
in accordance with the following Articles s
                                   Article 2
Article 1 is replaced by the following :
" 1 . Member States shall make the provisions of Chapter A of the Annex
       binding by 21 April 1978 at the latest ,
   2. Member States shall , with effect from 31 December 1977 at the latest ,
       prohibit the use of the units of measurement listed in Chapter B of
       the Annex,
   3 , Member States shall , with effect from 31 December 1979 at the latest ,
   j
       prohibit the use of ■ the units of measurement listed in Chapter C
       of the Annex ,
   4 , The units of measurement temporarily retained in accordance with the
       provisions of Chapters B, C and D of the Annex may not be brought
       into compulsory use by      Member States where they have not been
       authorized since 21 April 1973# "
                                  Article 3
                                     nu I ■ ■ m «
Arjiexes I and II to the Directive are replaced by the Annex hereto*
                                  Article 4
1 , Member States shall bring into force the laws , regulations and administrative
     provisions needed in order to comply with this Directive within eighteen
     months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof ,
2 , Member States shall communicate the toxts of the main provisions of national
     law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive to the
     Commission,
                                  Article 5
This Directive is addressed to the Member States ,
 ---pagebreak---                                       AN N EX
                                  LIST OP GONTEWTS
     Chanter A i Units of measurement laid down in artiole 2 paragraph 1 of this
                    directive »
     1.            SI units and their decimal multiples and Bubmultiples
     1*1 *         S I base Units
    1*2.           Other S I unit s
    1*3*          Prefixes and their symbols
    1*4*          Special authorized names and symbols
    2.            Units defined on the basis of S I units
   3*             Units defined independently of the Beven S I base units
   4.             UnitB and names of units permitted in specialized fields only
   5»             Compound units
   Chapter B t Units of measurement laid down un artiole 2 paragraph 2 of this
                  directive
     4            Spécial units
   7»            Speoial caBe as regards température
   8«            Imperial Units
  Chapter (? t Units of tneasurement laid down in artiole 2 paragraph 3 of this
                  direot ive
  9»             Impérial units
 10.             C 0 S units
11 *             Other units
  Chapter D t Units , names and symbols whioh are to be reviewed hy 31.12* 1979*
12 «             Impérial units
13 .            Other units
^4 *            Compound units
 ---pagebreak---                                  CHAPTER A
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT LAID POVffT IN ARTICLE 2 PARAGRAPH 1 OP THIS DIRECTIVE
1 . SI UNITS AND THEIR DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SIJBMULTIPLES
    1.1 .   SI base unit a
                                                  Unit
                    Quant ity               Name       Symbol
          I Length                        metre          m
              Mas s                       kilogramme     kg
              Time                         second        s
              Electric current            ampere         A
              Thermodynamic temperature!  kelvin         K
              Amount of substance         mole           mol
              Luminous intensity          candela        cd
           Définitions of S I base units t
           Unit of length
           The metre is the length equal to I65O 763*73 wavelengths
           in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition
           between the levels 2p10 and 5dc of the krypton-86 atom*
           (Eleventh CPGM (i960). Resolution 6).
           Unit of mass
          The kilogramme is equal to the mass of the international
          prototype of the kilogramme .
           ( Third CGPM ( 1901 ), p. 62 of the Conference Report ).
          Unit of time
           xhe second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the
          radiation corresponding to the transition , between the two
          hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133
          atom (Thirteenth CGPM ( 1967 ) t Resolution l ).
          Unit of eleotric current
          The ampere is that constant ourrent which if maintained in
          two straight parallel conductors of infinite length , of
          negligible circular cross-section and placed 1 metre apart
          in a vacuum , would produce between these conductors a force
          equal to 2 x 10 newton per metre of length.
          (CIPM ( 1946 ), Resolution 2 approved by the Ninth CGPM ( 1948) )•
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 3 -
       Unit of thermodynamic temperature
       The kelvin is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic
       temperature of the triple point of water. ( Thirteenth CGPM
       ( 1967), Resolution 4).
       Unit of amount of substance
       The male is the amount of substanoe of a system whioh
       contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms
       in 0.012 kilogramme of carbon-12. ( Fourteenth CGPM ( l97l )»
       Resolution 3).
       Note t When the mole is used the elementary entities must be
                 specified and may be atoms r molecules t ions t electrons y
                 other partioles or specified groups of such partioles .
       Unit_°f luminouB_intensity
       The candela is the luminous intensity , in the perpendicular
       direotion , of a surface of l/600 000 square metre of a black
       body at the temperature of freezing platinum tinder a pressure
       of 101 325 newtons per square metre . (Thirteenth CGPM ( 1967 )1
       Resolution 5)*
       1.1.1 .       Special name and symbol of the S I unit of temperature
                     for expressing Celsius temperature .
                                         I             Unit
                   I       Quantity        Name      Symbol        Value
                      Celsius température degree          C   1* C - 1 K
                                            Celsius
                      Celsius temperature t is defined as the difference
                      t m T - T between the two thermodynamic temperatures
                      T and T where TQ - 273.15 K.
1«2 « öther S I units
       1.2.1 .       Supplementary S I unit s
                                                         Unit
                 i
                          Quantity
                                                    Name        Symbol
                      Plane angle                 radian          rad
                      Solid angle                 steradian       sr
             r1–   I
 ---pagebreak---    1*'2*'2*  Darived S I unitB
             Units derived coherently fro S I "base units and S I supplementary
             units are given as algebraic expressions in the forms of
             exponentials of the S I base units and S I supplementary units
             with a numerioal factor equal to 1#
   1*2*3 *   S I units having special names and symbols
                    Quant ity                                S I Unit
                                          Name     Symbol      Equivalent    Définition
                                                                   form
                                                                 -1            -1
              Frequenoy .               hertz        IIz       s             s
                                                                        -2              -2
              Force                     newton       H         m . kg s      m . kg , s
                                                               N.m~2 .       m
                                                                               -1 , kg
                                                                                     , g -2
              Pressure , stress         pascal       Pa
                                                                               2 ,       -2
              Energy , work, quant ity joule .       J '       N,m           m #kç,s
               of heat                                   %
              Power                     watt         W         J. s*""1      m2, ktf.s
              Quantity of eleotrloity coulomb        c         s, A          s»A
               oharge
                                                                               2         -3   -1
             Electrio tension ,         volt         V     ■   W.A-1         m « kg , s     »A
               electric potential , I
               electromotive force \
                                                                                2        -3    -2
             Eleatric résistance      ' ohm          a         V. A"1        m • kf. s . A
                                                                             -2 * , -1 J . 2
             Electric oonduotanoe       ciemenB •    s         A.V"1       m      , kg • F- »
             Eleotrio oapacitanoe                    Ρ         c.v"1         m
                                                                               -2 » ,kg-1 . „4
                                                                                            v «\
                                                                                                 .2
                                        farad
                                                                                p              _2
             Eleotrio inductance        henry        II        V»s A"1       m . ta;, s-    «A
             Magnetic flux                                                      2 ,      -2 .-1
                                                                             m * kg, s « A
                                        webcr •      vrb       V.s
                                                               V/b.m2                 -2 ,-1
             Magnetic flux density tesla ,. v - T                             kg, s » A
                                                             *
                                        lumen         lm       cd , Br        cd , ar
             Luminous flux
             Illuminanoe                lux           Ix
                                                               nlm.m-2        m*"2.-od,Br
                                                                 -1             "1
             Radioaot ivity             becquc.rcl   Bq         G             B
                                                                                2     -2
             Absorbed dose (*)          «ray          Cy       J. kg"1        m ,b
                                                                           –––––––
            The S I unit of power may be called volt–ampere ( symbol 'VA^
            when it is used to express the apparent power of alternating
            electrio current , and var ( symbol *var' ) when it is used to
            express reactive eleotrio power*
^ 1^ and other quantities of ionising radiations of* the same dimensions *
 ---pagebreak---     !■:-* 'à
 1«3«          Prefixes and their symbols used to designate oertain
               deoimal multiples and submultiples
              Factor     Prefix      Symbol     Paotor
                                                                Prefix j| Symbol
                                                                        i       _
             1018          exa          E         10*"          deci         d
             10 5          peta         P         10~2 •        centi        o
             1012          tera        T          10            milli        m
             109           giga         G         10-6          micro
  i          10°           mega        M          io"y          nano         n
             103           kilo        k    .     HT12          pico         P
             102           hecto       h          io-15         femto
             10 1          deca        da         10"18         atto         a
              The names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples
              of the unit of the mass are formed by attaching prefixes to the
             word "gramme" and their symbols to the qymbol 'g **
             Where a derived unit is expressed as a fraction , its deoimal
             multiples and submultiples may be designated by attaching a
             prefix to units in the numerator of the denominator f or in
             both these parts **
             Compound prefixes , that is to say prefixes formed by the
             juxtaposition of several of the above prefixes , may not be
             used *
1»4 * Special authorized names and symbols
             1*4«1*' Special names and symbols of deoimal multiples and
                       submultiples of S I units
                                                    UNIT
                             Quantlty         Name     Symbol        Value
                        Volume            I litre        1     11 * 1dm3 » 10 m
                        Mass              1   tonne      t     1 t - lMg - 103 kg
                        Pressure , Btress     bar        bar J 1 bar ■ 10    Pa
 ---pagebreak---   l*4«2«Special names and symbols of decimal multiples and submultiples
          of S I units which may be used only in specialised fields t
                      Quantity
                                                                             Unit                           |
                                                         Nanir    |    Symbol      I          Value         I
            Area of farmland and -
            building land                                arc            a             la 8® 102 m2
            Mass per unit length of i
            textile yarns and threads              ! M'                 tex*U )
                                                                                      1 tex " 10-* kg»nj
                                                                                                :           »
          Note i The prefixes and their symbols listed in item 1»3»' may
                        be used in conjunction with the units and symbols
                        contained in th^ tables of items 1*4*1 » and 1*4«'2»'
                        The multiple 10 a is , however, called a 'hectare'#
UNITS WHICH ARB DEFINED CN THE BASIS OP S I UNITS BUT ARB NOT DECIMAL
MULTIPLES OR SUBMULTIPLES THEREOF
              Quanuty
                                          •                            Unit                                     |
                            '   I           Natnc                 Symbol |            •        Value            |
      Plane angle                    révolution*                  «•              1 révolution – 2 n rad
                                                                                                         ir
                                     grade* .
                                     or gon*                        gon*                * 1 goti « -jnò" rad
                                     degree*                        o                 ~~ 180 ra
                                                                           0
                                     minute of angle*                             S ~ 10 800 rad
                                     second of angle*               »#            1 * s;            ■ - rad
                                                                                  1         648 000 rao
      Time                           minute*                        min*          1 mut = 60 s
                                     hour                                         1 h = 3 600 s
                                     day*                           d*            1 d «= 86 400 s
                                  I                        v
            'n,crn31'onal symbol exists at present although there ar< national symbols and abbreviations, such as
     note: The picfixcs lisird in item 1.3 may only be used in conjunction with the names grade
             and gt.n and the symbols only with the symbol gon.
 I )           oharaoter * after a unit name or symbol indicates
       that these have not yet appeared in the lists drawn up
       by the GOPM of CIPM« This applies to the whole of this
       Annex .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 7 -
   3 . / UNITS DEFINED INDEFENDTLY OP THE SEVIN S I BASE UNITS
         The unified j^omio mass unit is 1/12 of the mass of an atom of
         the nuclide , C.
         The eleotronvolt is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron
         passing in a vacuum from one point to another whose potential
         is 1 volt higher*'
                                             Unit
            Quant ity              Name .      Symbol   Approximative value
                            unified atomio
             Mas s          mass unit *            u
                                                    *
                                                      l u S 1.66053 • x 10"' kg
                                                    *
             Energy         eleotronvolt         eV
                                                      leV > ^ 1.60219 * 10~19 J
         The value of these units , expressed in S I units , is not exactly
         known *
        Note t    The prefixes and their symbols listed in item 1*3 may be
                  used in conjunction with these two units and with their
                  symbols *
  4.    UNITS AND NAMES OP UNITS PERMITTED IN SPECIALIZED FIELDS CNLY
                                                                                        I
                                                                                        i
                                                                                        i
                                                    Unit
                  Quant ity                   Name                Value
          Vergency of optical systems      dioptre *       1 dioptre - 1 m              i
          Mass of precious stones                                                 –4    i
                                           Metric carat    1 metrio oarat «■ 2x10    kg
        Note t The prefixes listed in item 1.3 may be used in
                 conjunction with the above units .
k 5 * . COMPOUND UNITS
        Compound units are formed by oombining the units mentioned
        in Chapter A, with the exception of those listed in items
        1*4*2* and 4 « (units permitted in specialized fields only)*
                                                                            ./
 ---pagebreak---                                CHAPTER   B
UNITS OP MEASUREMENT LAID DOM Iff ARTICLE 2 PARAGRAPH 2 OP THIS DIRECTIVE
 6.   SPECIAL UNIT S
      Quantities ! names of units f symbols and   values :
 6,1 . Volume ..(f°r©i3tiy and timber industry)
        Festmeter*                                 1 Fm* = 1 m
        Raummeter*             .                   l.Rm* )     ,3
        stere                                      1 st ( - 1 ra
 6,2 , Force
        kilogramme force*
        kilopond* •                                i gf - 9,806 65 H
 6*3 » pressure
      i t
        torr*
                                                   ! torr, . œ  ibO
                                                                      Pa
          technical atmosphere *                   1 at* ' = 98 066.5 Pa
         metre of water *                          1 mHpO* = 9 806,65 Pa
          (syrobol t 1 mHpO)
         millimetre of mercury *                   1 mmHg* « 133.322 Pa
          ( symbol j 1 mm Hg)
6.4 »    Power
        Pfcrdcstarke *                             1 PS* )
        paardekracht*                              3. pk* ( « 735-498 75 W
        cheval vapeur*                             1 CV . )
        cavallo vaporc*                            1 cv* (
6»5 « Heat
        Calorie* I.T ,                             1 cal* I.T. = 4.186 8 J
        thermie*                                   1 ΐΐι* β 4-1868 χ 10 .Τ
                                                                         ι
        frigorie*                                  1 fg* = 4.1868 x 10"J
       (used to measure heat removed
       from a system)
6.6 , Illuminaiice
        stilb                                      1 Bb = 104 od.hT2
Note t The prefixes and their symbols listed in item 1.3 . may be used
           in conjunction with the units and symbols contained in items
           6.5* and 6,6 ., with the stere (item 6.I. ), with the torr and
           with the metre of water ( item 6.3 .).
 ---pagebreak---                                         - 9 -
7. SPECIAL CASE WITH REGARD TO TEMPERATURE
    The name 'fiegree. Kelvin" and the symbol _"KH (instead of Kelvinf
    symbol K) may be used until 31 December 1977*
8 . IMPERIAL UNITS
     Quantities , names of units , symbols and values ,*
      8.1 . Length
               Hand                               1 hand = 0,1016 m
               Chain                              1 chain = .20.12 m
               Furlong                            1 fur      ' f 201 ;2 m
               Nautical Mile (UK )                1 nautical mile = 1853 m
      8.2 , Area
               Rood                               1 rood =: 1012 m
      8^3 * Volume        «
               Cubio yard                          1 cu yd a O.7646 m        "3
               Buohel                              1 bu:      = 36.37 x 10   m
      8.4 . MaBs
               Dram
                                                   1 dr « 1,772 x 10"3 kg .
                Cent al                            1 ctl    • * 45.36 kg
       8.5 . Pressure
            • Inch of YJater                       1 in H20 .» 249.039 Pa
       8.6»' Force
                ïorrforco .                         1 tonf = 9.964 x 10^H
       8 . 7. Power
                Horeejpowor                         1 hp = 745.7 W
        8,8 - Illuminance''
                 Foot Candie                        1 ft candle - 10,76 lx
          .  .          »
        8.9 » Speed
                                                                          -1
                 Knot (UK )                       1 )cnot = 0.51477
                                                                             V
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 10 -
                               CHAPTER  C
    UNITS OF MEASUREMENT LAID DOWET HT ARTICLE 2 PARAGRAPH 3 OF THIS
    ~~                          DIRECTIVE                               ~
 IMPERIAL UNITS
 Quantities , names of units , symbole and values :
 9.1 . Lengrth .
        Yard                               1 yd = 0*9144 m
9.; 2; Area
        Square yard                        1 sq yd = 0,8361 m
                                                                  6     2
        Square mile                        X eq mile = 2,59 x 10     in
9.3 . Volume
        Cubic Inch                         1 cu in e 16.39 x 10
        Cubic foot                         1 cu' ft " a 0.0283 m3
                                                                  -3      3
        Cran                               1 cran =     170*5 x 10      m
9.4 . Mas s
        Grain                              1 gr = 0,06^8 x 10~* kg
        Stone                              lst = 6.35
                        *
        Quart er                           1 qr          12.70 kg
        Hundredweight                      1 cvrt = 50.80 kg
        Ton                                1 ton« 1016 kg
9.5 . Force
        Poundrforcc                        1 lbf    = 4.448 H
  ♦ - «
9 »"« Energy
        British > Thermal Unit              1 Btu - 1055 » 06 J
        Foot Pound-force                   X ft' lbf       » 1.356 J
        The mi                              1 therm = 105?50o x 10^J
9*7» Température
        Degree Fahrenheit                   1°P = ê)x
 ---pagebreak---  4
                                           - H -
si '
     10,      G 0 S  UNIT S
          . Quantities , names of units * symbols and values %
/
                         Quantity                i
                                                  t         _J     nit
                                                  r~             –
                                                  i Narae            Symbol ' j        Value            j
                 force                            r dyne'          dvn            1 dyn = 10~5 H
                 energy                                  erg   ;   erg            1 erg = 10 'J         !
            I    dynamic visoosity                       poise     P            ' 1P « 10 * Pa.s
                                                                                         •   j
                 kinematic viscosity                 • . stokes* St *             ISt s 10     m .s
                 accélération due to gravity             gai *     Gai*           1 Gai = 10     m. s
     11 .     OTHER UNITS
                                                                 Unit
                         Quantity                      N~mo          Symbol             Value
                                                   !
                 wavelength , atomio           ingatrom s
                                                                     o
                                                                     A*          1 A- = 10"1 m
                  distances
                 effective cross-sectional mrn.          ap        • b*          lb = 10-20 m2
                  are a                    j
                 mass                       ' mintal
                                            I
                                                                     cf*         1 q = 102 kg
                 pressure
                                              [standard              atm         1 atm « 101.^25 Pa
                                              [atmosphere ( l'
                  Note J   The prefixes and their symbols listed in item 1.3 . may­
                           be used in conjunction with the units and symbols
                           contained in items 10 and 11 , apart from the quintal .
                                                          ;                                         ./•
              (l) Used only for reference
 ---pagebreak---                                            - 12 -
                                       CHAPTER       D
          UNITS , NAMES AND SYMBOLS WHICH ARE TO BE REVIEWED BY 31.12.1979
12.    IMPERIAL UNITS        „
       12,1 , Length      "* <«uan'ti'5ios » names of units , symbols and values :
               Inch                                          1 in c 2,54 x-10 m
               Foot     ,                                    1 ft «= 0,3048 m
              Fathom ( l )                                   1 fm         .■ 1.829 m
              Mile                                           1 mile » 1609 m
       12.2 * Are a
              Square Inch                                    1 eq in ta 6,452 x 10**^ m
              Square foot                                    1 sq ft =* 0.929 x lO"1 m
                                                                                   2
              Acre                      .                    1 ao      «s 4047 m
       12.3 * Volume
              Fluid ounce                                    1 fl oz = 28.41 x 10 m3
              Gill                                           Ì Gill = 0,1421 x IO*"3 m3
              Pint               •                           1 pt » 0,5682 x 10~3 m3
                                                             1 qt «= 1,136 x IO"3 m3 •
                                   «
              Quart
              Gallon                                         1 gal = 4.546 x IO"3 m3
       12,4 . Mas s
                                                                                       -3
              Ounce ( avoirdupois )                          1 oz « 28.35 * 10            kg
              Troy ounce                                     1 oz tr            31.10 x 10~3 kg
                                                                            «= 31^10
              Pound                                          l'lb - 0,4536 kg
 13 .  OTHER UNIT S
                      – Quantities , names of units , symbols and values s
                     >■          –»–■ »■« – »■>!
                  Quvifrity          4
                                                                    Unit
                                                                                                       J
                                                    Name   I " Ê&mbol                    Value
      | Activity of a radioactive I                curie         Ci           1 Ci   = 3.7 * 101   B
                                                                                                     -1
                 source        ,
        Absorbed dose                              rad*          rd*          1 rd   tr 10"2 J.kg
        Equivalent absorbed dose                   rem*          renj*        1  rem   = 1 Γβ,ά
        Exposure to iomsing                      roentgen*       R*           1 R «    2.58 χ 10"4
                 radiations                    _
        Note :    The prefixes and their symbols listed in item 1.3 . may be used
                   in conjunction with the units and symbols contained in item 13,
      ( 1 ) Por marine navigai ion only.
 ---pagebreak--- COMPOUND UNITS (FOR TEMPORARY USE)
While still valid , the units listed in chapters B , C and D,
excluding items  1«4*2«» 4 * and 6,1  may be used in conjunction
with one another or with those contained in chapter A to form
oompound units .