CELEX: 51990PC0368
Language: en
Date: 1990-10-29
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE CONCERNING THE EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW, HOT WATER BOILERS FIRED WITH LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                             C0MC90) 368 final - SYN 294
                                             Brussels, 29 October 1990
                              Proposal for a
                            COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
    concerning the efficiency requirements for new, hot water
           boilers f i r e d with liquid or gaseous fuels
                   (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 2 -
                             CONTENTS
                                          Page
Summary                                    3
Exp Ianatory memorandum                    4
     Introduction                          4
     Field of appl I cat Ion                7
     Minimum performance levels to be met  8
     Quality label                        10
     Performance control                  T1
     ResuIts expected                     12
     Graphs               '.              14
Proposal for a Council Directive          15
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 3 -
                              SUMMARY
This Directive refers only to new, hot-water boilers fired with liquid
or gaseous fuels which are used mainly for space heating and/or the
production of hot water and have a rated output of between 10 kW and
400 kW.
The efficiency requirements of these devices differ considerably from
one Member State to another.
As things currently stand,    with the establishment    of the internal
market boilers (including     less efficient ones)     approved   In one
Member State would enjoy free  movement throughout the Community.    This
could lead to a drop In the     average efficiency of  hot-water heating
systems within the Community.
To take advantage of the internal market without compromising the
objectives of rational use of energy, the efficiency requirements of
hot-water boilers must be harmonized at a high level within the
possibilities of technologies currently available.
In this way not only will a drop in the performance of this equipment
be avoided, there will also be an increase in the performance levels in
some Member States, with the double-edged benefit of a marked reduction
in energy consumption and less air pollution.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 4 -
               E X P L A N A T O R Y     M E M O R A N D U M
Introduction
Energy Intensity In the Community, I.e. the ratio of final energy
consumption to the gross domestic product, improved by 20% between 1973
and 1982.
This was made possible by the combination of a series of factors which
include:
    the direct effect of prices;
    the psychological impact of the various oils crises;
    scientific and technical progress in general;
    the development of the general economic structure In the Community,
    which Is marked by a growing trend towards services and the
    development In the secondary sector of activities with low energy
    consumption;
    the adoption of numerous legislative or regulatory measures,
    binding or by way of Incentive, both at Community level and at
    Member State or local authority level;
    the mobilization of substantial funds to set up:
    *    structures promoting the rational use of energy,
    *    Information and incentive campaigns,
    *    training courses for energy managers, and
    *    encouragement of Investment in the rational use of energy.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 5 -
An Improvement of at least 20% In the efficiency of final energy demand
was    adopted  as   an   objective   in  the   Council  Resolution  of
16 September 1986 on new Community energy policy objectives for 1995
and the convergence of the policies of the Member States. 1 However,
the drop In the price of petroleum products since the end of 1985, the
abundance of all forms of energy combined with three particularly mild
winters and the improvement in the general economic situation have led
to a considerable slackening of efforts to Improve energy efficiency
and are reflected In particular by a substantial reduction In funds
allocated to rational use of energy projects.
Recent developments confirm this stagnation In energy efficiency and It
now seems certain that unless a series- of concrete measures are taken
 Immediately, the objective of a 20% reduction In energy intensity by
1995 will not be achieved.
 In this respect the building sector (residential and commercial)
warrants special attention. Not only Is it the prime consumer of
energy sector, absorbing more than 41% of the final consumption of
energy In the Community, i.e. some 289 million toe In 1987, It is also
an expanding sector with the forecasts for 1995 reaching 310 and
perhaps even 340 million toe.
The Improved general economic situation has led to an Increase In the
number of new buildings both In the residential and commercial sectors
and to more widespread comfort and, In particular, central heating.
 In this sector a sizeable proportion of the Improvement In energy
efficiency has come from the behaviour of individuals trying to save
energy. Démotivât Ion In this area Is clearly visible, as Is borne out
by the indexes measuring energy consumption as a function of the
outside temperature. Experience has shown that          these behaviour
patterns are readily reversible, and         it is thus    Important to
consolidate the results obtained by measures that have lasting effects.
1    0J C 241, 25.9.1986, p. 1.
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 6 -
One of these measures has already been covered, on two occasions, by a
Community regulation. These Involve two Directives (78/170/EEC and
82/885/EEC)2 on " the performance of heat generators for space heating
and the production of hot water In new or existing non-Industrial
buildings and on the insulation of heat and domestic hot-water
distribution     in new non-lndustrial        buildings". In the former,
Member States had to ensure that equipment that could be subject to
Inspection at the manufacturing stage compiled with minimum performance
levels. The latter laid down that these requirements had to be
"economically Justifiable" and extended the scope to the Inspection of
performance levels at the time of installation of the equipment.
The term "economically Justifiable" has been subject to extremely
varied interpretation by the Member States and transposition of these
Directives into national regulations has resulted in equally differing
requirements, as is shown by the attached graphs. These figures
compare    the    performance    requirements    adopted    In   the  various
Member States.3      They highlight both qualitative and quantitative
differences:
     qualitative: some       Member States    base    the    measurement   of
     performance on the useful heat supplied to the heat distribution
     network, which can only be measured In the laboratory; other
     Member States only take account of heat losses resulting from the
     discharge of hot gases at the stack. A measurement of this kind
     can be taken at the time of Installation and during operation;
     quantitative:    performance requirements vary between 74 and 90% at
     rated output.
The fairly      low minimum performance        levels adopted by certain
Member states lag behind the current state of the art In this field and
 lead to Inefficient use of energy. In these Member states, "economic
Justification" has probably been assessed only over the short term and
only from the mlcroeconomic viewpoint, I.e. taking account only of
 Impact on the sales price of the apparatus and not the heating
operation cost and social costs (pollution).
2    Council Directive 78/170/EEC of 13 Feburary 1978 (OJ L 52, 23.2.1978,
     p. 32).
     Councl I Direct ive 82/885/EEC of 10 December 1982 (OJ L 378,31.12.1982,
     p. 19).
3    BAT Report 01/88: "Performance of heat generators In buildings.
     Comparison of requirements In Community Member States".
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 7 -
With the completion of the Internal market, less efficient equipment
could gain access to markets which are presently closed by national
measures laying down higher minimum performance levels. The result
would be a drop in energy efficiency in the Community.
There is, therefore, a need to introduce a regulation at Community
level laying down minimum quantified performance levels to be achieved
by new hot-water boilers placed on the market after 1 January 1993.
Field of application
The products referred to by the two Directives 78/170/EEC and
82/885/EEC were heat generators for space heating and the production of
hot water in new or existing non-industrla I buildings.
The present Directive concerns only hot-water boilers fired with liquid
or gaseous fuels with a rated output equal to or greater than 10 KW and
 less than 400 KW, which covers the vast majority of boilers used to
heat bulIdlngs.
The term "boilers" covers burner/heat Ing body units. Burners and
heating bodies of different origins may be combined to form a boiler.
The performance of the latter will depend on the suitability of one
element for the other.
Hot-water boilers    fired  with  solid  fuels  are excluded   from  this
DirectIve because:
     the variability of the fuels used (ash and volatile matter content
     of coal, moisture content and calorific value of the wood, etc.)
     makes It extremely difficult to optimize the boiler for all types
     of use. Laying down a minimum performance level to guarantee high
     levels of performance for this type of boiler Is a complex affair;
     the demand for centra I-heatIng boilers fired with solid fuels Is
     low (1 to 5% In most Member States, less than 10% in the
     United Kingdom) and Is In constant decline by 1 to 2% per year.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 8 -
The following apparatus and equipment are also excluded from the field
of application of this directive:
     steam boilers
     electric bollers
     condensation boilers, I.e. boilers with condensation of water
     vapour contained In the fumes
     heat pumps
     hot-air generators
     equipment for instantaneous preparation of sanitary hot water
     boilers designed to be fired using fuels whose properties differ
     appreciably from those of widely marketed liquid and gaseous fuels
     (Industrial waste gas, blogas, etc.)
     furnaces for localized heating.
The reasons for these exclusions are varied and technical. Thus, the
 levels of performance that can be obtained are either largely superior
or largely Inferior and they are assessed according to various methods.
Taken overall, final energy consumption In liquid or gaseous form In
the building sector was 204 mtoe in 1987 and should reach 219 mtoe In
1995. The proportionate share of this final energy which is used in
hot water central heating boilers Is put at 65%.
Minimum performance levels to be met
Useful efficiency means the quantity of heat transferred to the water
circulating In the boiler In respect of the quantity of energy Injected
 into the burner, expressed as the net calorific value of the fuel.
This efficiency takes account of pilot light consumption for gas
boilers fitted with them, but not the consumption of electricity of
burners, circulation pumps, ventilators, control, etc.
The higher the output levels of boilers the easier it Is to obtain high
useful efficiency levels.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 9 -
Thus, at their nominal output P n (expressed in kW) and In continuous
operation at an average temperature of the water In the boiler, (I.e.
the average water temperature between the entry and exit of the boiler)
of 70*C, efficiency levels should reach at least a value expressed by
the following empirical formula:
                              (84 + 2 log P n ) %
or, by way of example, the following minimum values as a function of
the rated output:
            86%  for  boilers  of 10   kW
            87%  for  boilers  of 31.6 kW
            88%  for  boilers  of 100  kW
            89%  for  boilers  of 316  kW
For reasons of operational safety, small gas boilers (10 to 31.6 kW)
fitted with natural draught burners may show slightly lower performance
levels. Useful efficiency should nonetheless reach values equal to or
greater than
                              (81 + 4 log P n ) %
or, by way of example, the following minimum values as a function of
the rated output:
             85% for bol 1ers of 10    kW
             86% for boilers of 17,8 kW
             87% for boilers of 31.6 kW
Any heating system is sized to cover at least the requirements of the
coldest days. They thus operate for most of the time at a reduced
load. Consequently, It Is Important also to maintain good performance
levels at part load.
This condition Is met If at 30% load and average water temperatures in
the boilers of 50'C or more, (according to the regulation devices with
which the boiler Is originally fitted), the minimum useful efficiency
levéIs are equal to or greater than
                              (80 + 3 log P n ) %
I.e., In practice, for boilers with the following rated outputs part
load efficiency levels of:
            83%      for a rated   output of   10   kW
            84.5%    for a rated   output of   31.6 kW
            86%      for a rated   output of   100  kW
            87.5%    for a rated   output of   316  kW
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 10 -
The relatively low temperature (50'C) of the water in the boiler Is
justified by the fact that some types of boiler are designed to supply
in the between season period - when the boiler only operates at part
load - the heating distribution network with less hot water than in
m Id-winter.
For the same reasons of security set out above, small gas boilers (10
to 31.6 kW) fitted with natural draught burners may show slightly lower
performance levels. Nonetheless, the efficiency levels at 30% part
load should remain equal to or greater than
                             (77 + 5 log P n ) %
or, by way of example, for boilers with the following rated outputs
part load efficiency levels of at least
             82%   for  a rated   output of  10   kW
             83%   for  a rated   output of  15,9 kW
             84%   for  a rated   output of  25,1 kW
             84.5% for  a rated   output of  31.6 kW
These figures are high but     realistic. Requirements higher than these
values, for example, are      already the subject of voluntary labels
attributed to more than       100 boiler units not only from various
Member States but also from   a number of EFTA countries (graph 4 A ) .
Quality label
With    the  dual   aim   of    maintaining    healthy emulation     between
manufacturers In future and arousing the consumer's interest In high
performance equipment, boilers may, if they largely exceed the
requirements set out above, have quality labels attributed by way of an
"*" per efficiency point above the two nominal                 and part-load
requirements.
Accordingly, a star can be attributed to boilers as long as they meet
the following two requirements:
nominal load efficiency                   > (85 + 2 log P n )X
30% part-load efficiency                  > (81 + 3 log P n ) % .
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 11 -
By way of example, for a label "*" the following minimum efficiency
levels must be obtained for nominal load and part-load respectively:
     87% and 84% for an output of 10 kW
     88% and 85.5% for an output of 31.6 kW
     89% and 87% for an output of 100 kW
     90% and 88.5% for an output of 316 kW.
For small gas boilers with natural draught burners a label "*" can be
given as long as the minimum efficiency levels meet the following
requirements:
nominal load efficiency                   > (82 + 4 log P n ) *
30% part-load efficiency                  > (78 + 5 log P n ) %
or, by way of example, minimum efficiency levels of
86% at nominal load and 83% at part-load, for a 10 kW boiler
Labels with several "***" can be given to boilers where the efficiency
at nominal load and. part-load exceeds by several points the minimum
efficiency levels laid down above.
Performance contro
Since the equipment in question is generally produced In batches and
the important thing Is to check the useful efficiency, controls must be
carried out on measuring benches before the equipment is placed on the
market.
Although important, control of chimney losses only Is not sufficient to
take account of performance levels at rated output and at reduced load.
 It is important to check the efficiency levels of burner-heat exchanger
units since performance levels are directly connected with a suitable
combination of these two Items. It Is therefore necessary to state for
each type of boiler the burners with which it can be fitted to meet the
required performance levels. Similarly, for each type of burner It
will be necessary to indicate which boilers are suited to meet
performance requirements.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 12 -
Results expected from the application of this Directive
The life of central heating boilers Is of the order of 15 to 20 years.
Only after the renewal of existing boilers will the application of this
Directive have Its full effect.
These effects will be felt above all in the areas of the internal
market, the rational use of energy, the environment and micro and
macroeconomIcs.
     nternal market
Harmonization of boiler efficiency at a high level will standardize
production and permit economies of scale In mass production. The
alternative would risk a drop of efficiency to a lower level with a
consequent marked Increase in energy consumption.
    Rational use of energy
A study4 carried out for the Commission puts the potential reduction
In the consumption of liquid and gaseous fuels In hot water boilers at
between 5.3 and 7.2%, depending on whether account Is taken only of the
direct saving from Increasing boiler efficiency at nominal load or
whether account Is also taken of the better seasonal efficiency
resulting from Improved boiler insulation. Taking the 1985 figures as
a basis, the reduction In energy consumption would be between 6.4 and
8.7 mtoe/year, I.e. about 1% of final energy consumption for the
Community as a whole and 2.5% of final energy consumption In the
building sector. Towards the year 2010,5 when this Directive will
have Its full effect, energy saving will reach 7.6 to 10.3 mtoe/year.
Taking account of developments In this sector (Increase In the number
of buildings, more widespread central heating, greater comfort), real
savings could be even higher.
4   BAT Report 01/89 "Effects of Improved heat generator performance on
    the consumption of liquid and gaseous fuels".
5   Commission study: Major themes In energy, Scenario 1.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 13 -
     Environment
Lower consumption of energy will automatically mean           less C0 2
emissions. Thus, in a situation as set out In Scenario I of the
Commission 2010 study,5 emission reduction would be between 19 and
26 million tonnes of C0 2 a year. Similarly, a reduction In S0 2
emission from the use of liquid fuels of some 16 to 21 kt a year can be
anticipated If the current properties of liquid fuels are maintained.
NOv emission will be reduced by some 15 to 21 kt a year.
     Microeconomics
Mass production of high performance boilers does not cost appreciably
more than the manufacture of conventional boilers. Modern technology
allows better performance exchangers to be produced with less in the
way of raw materials. Manufacture of larger batches reduces the cost.
For the consumer a slight additional Investment - should there be one -
would soon be offset by the fuel savings made.
This payback time will be further shortened by the fact that better
 Insulation and the requirement of high performance at part load will
 improve seasonal efficiency and reduce the negative effect of
overdlmensloning of boilers. This overdlmensloning comes from the
desire for a high level of comfort. Most central heating systems keep
the boiler on for the entire heating season and cause energy losses
even when there is no demand for heat from the heating system. The
 larger the boiler the more significant these losses are; the more the
boiler Is overdlmensloned the longer the down times.
Although Justified at the outset, this overdlmensloning is very often
out of all proportion. In this respect proper Information would enable
the consumer to reduce at once both investment costs by purchasing a
smaller system and operating costs by way of better seasonal efficiency
levels. Some Member States have in fact taken measures to restrict
this overdlmensloning.
     Macroeconomics
The saving In fossil fuels from this Directive will not only be
reflected in reduced energy dependence on the part of the Community, It
will also have a beneficial effect on the balance of payments. This
effect, which will be a function of the price of a barrel of oil, can
be estimated at around Mlo ECU 1 200 to 1 500 per year at the current
rate of exchange.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 14 -
                                    ANNEX
                                   Graphs
               comparing minimum efficiency requirements and
                     standards In the Member States for
           hot-water boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels
1.  Gaseous fuels with natural draught burners
1 A:     Efficiency In water, measured in the laboratory
1 B:     Efficiency based on chimney losses and measured on-site
2.  Gaseous fuels with fan burners
2 A:     Efficiency In water, measured in the laboratory
2 B:     Efficiency based on chimney losses and measured on-site
3.  Liquid fuels
3 A:     Efficiency In water, measured In the laboratory
3 B:     Efficiency based on chimney losses and measured on-site
4. Labels
4 A:     Existing labels
4 B:     Proposal for EC quality labels
Abbreviations
                              Regulations   Standards established by the
                                            standardization institutions
Present Directive             EEC
European Committee for
Standardization (CEN)                         EN
    Belgium                   &               NBN
    Denmark                   UK              DS
    Germany                  P.               DIN
    Greece                   GK               ELOT
    Spain                    £                UNE
    France                   £                NF
     Ireland                 lflL             IS
     Italy                   1                UNI
    Luxembourg               L
    Nether lands                              NEN-gaz   GIVEG
                             UL
    Portugal                                  NP
    United Kingdom           E                BS
                             UK
The Initials underlined Indicate obligatory national standards; those
not underlined, reference standards.
 ---pagebreak---                                              - 14a -
                              HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                          GAS BOILERS WITH NATURAL DRAUGHT BURNERS
                                                                                                      DIN
                                                                                                   Hf/EG
                                                                                                   1000
                                                          » USEFUL EFFICIENCY IN WATER OUTPUT OF THE BOILER
GRAPH 1A                                                      TAKING ACCOUNT OF ALL LOSSES
                              HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                           GAS BOILERS WITH NATURAL DRAUGHT BURNERS
         %
    93
    92
    91
    90
    09
    00
    07
    06
    05
    04                                                   -ITUNI-T
    03
    02
    01
    00
    79
    70
    77                                                       F     !
    76
    75
    74
    73
       10                                            100                                           1000
                                                     kW
     ON « m muwmiiMKKr or RmciKNuv        • UMtrVl nVHHHCY IN «ATM OUTPUT Of T M « O H M
                                           TAWNO «MOUNT Of All. I M K I
                                                                                                UMI'll I»
     TMINO ACCOUNT Of CHIUNCV UMMM OH1.Y
 ---pagebreak---                                                  - 14b -
                             HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                    GAS BOILERS WITH FAN BURNERS
                                                                                                                       1000
                                             > u c t r u i c r n a c M c r w WATER O U T P U T o r THE B O U X R    GRAPH 2A
                                               TAKING ACCOUNT Of AIL LOSSES
                             HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                    GAS BOILERS WITH FAN BURNERS
93
92    -
91    -
90    -
09    -
00   --
07     -
06
05
04
03 h
02
01
00
79
70
77
76
75
74
73
    10                                                          100                                                    1000
                                                                kW
• ON S n i NKA*UKEMENr Or BrrKIENCY
 TAKINO ACCOUNT Of CHIMNEY IAMM ONI.Y
                                            « v s t m B r n a c H c v m V A T W OUTPUT o r n a c M M U O
                                               TAHNO ACCOUNT Or A l l LOMM
                                                                                                                 £M11LÎ11
 ---pagebreak---                                                     - 14c -
                          HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                          LIQUID FUEL BOILERS
                                                                                                    1000
                                                         kW
                                              • USEFUL ETIICIENCY IN WATER OUTPUT or THE BOILER
                                                                                                GRAPH 3A
                                                TAUNO ACCOUNT or ALL LOSSES
                          HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                           LIQUID FUEL BOILERS
ad
05
04                                    I:UNI
03
02
01
00
79
70
77
76
75
74
73
    10                                                    100                                        1000
                                                          kW
' ON smt MEASUREMENT                           > USETUL tmCIENCr M WATEROUTPUT OT THE BOILER     CRAPH 3B
  TAUNS ACCOUNT Or OOMNCY LOSSES ONLY           TAHN6 ACCOUNT OT ALL LOSSES
 ---pagebreak---                                                        - 14d -
                            HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                                EXISTING LABELS
     %
93
92                                                                          BIAl 1ER E* GEL (D) (OA« tonus nr 1
91 h                                                 —  _        -                               WNHIM
90              BLAJ    [EB_E*   .GEL   (5)   __
                     a «UB run)                                     f^^OEJI*fi Z (B) — - r
09
00
07                                                                   _ P.R„QPJ0Sn ION CJ :E
06                      *=—~~
05                                                                                                       ._..
84 BLAUER ] iitlNÂfô*    NGEL IP)                  • —
                                                        _..
83               Muum
                        t..mmmm
                                 L                               ...
02                                      — ...._..                                                             ....
01                                                                                                   —
00                                                          ....
                                                                                           'I'Z
                                                                               - - •                               - •
79
70                                                                                   — • —
77                1—
76
75
74 -                ---
73
   10                                                            100                                             1000
- USETUL UtKMXCt   M WATS» OUTPUT Or THE BOUXR
                                                                 kW
 TAKING ACCOUNT OP A U LOSSES                                                                              GRAPH < A
                             HOT WATER BOILERS FOR CENTRAL HEATING
                                     PROPOSAL FOR QUALITY LABELS
                                                                                                                   1000
                                 MNCRAL REQUIREMENT
                                     WENT PO* SMALL OAS
                                     WITH NATURAL DRAUOHT
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 15 -
                              Proposal for a
                            COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
       concerning the efficiency requirements for new, hot water
               boilers fired with liquid or gaseous fuels
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the          European   Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,<1>
In cooperation with the European Pari lament,<2)
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,(3>
Whereas it Is important to promote measures aimed at the progressive
establishment   of   the   internal   market  in the     period   up   to
31 December 1992; whereas the internal market encompasses a space
without frontiers, in which the free circulation of goods, persons,
services and capital Is assured;
Whereas the Council Resolution of 15 January 1985 on the improvement of
energy-saving programmes in the Member States (4) , Invites Member
States to pursue and where necessary Increase their efforts to promote
the more rational use of energy by the further development of
integrated energy-saving policies;
Whereas the Council Resolution of 16 September 1986 ( 5 ) concerns new
Community energy policy objectives for 1995 and convergence of the
policies of the Member States, and in particular the objective to
Improve the efficiency of final energy demand by at least 20%;
Whereas Article 130r of the Treaty on the environment          calls  for
prudent and rational utilization of natural resources;
Whereas it is appropriate to take as a base a high level of protection
in proposals for the approximation of the provisions laid down by law,
regulation or administrative action in Member States and concerning
health, safety, environmental protection and consumer protection;
(1)  OJ No C
(2)  OJ No C
(3)  OJ No C
(4)  OJ No C 20, 22.1.1985, p. 1.
(5)  OJ No C 241, 25.9.1986, p. 1.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 16 -
Whereas the Council Resolution of 21 June 1989<6) declares "that the
Community should take proper account of potential climatic change
linked to the greenhouse effect";
Whereas Council Directive      / /EEC (7) of 29 June 1990 concerns the
approximation of national legislation on gas appliances;
Whereas the importance of the domestic and tertiary sector, which
absorbs a major proportion of the final consumption of energy In the
Community, is considerable;
Whereas this sector will become even more Important through        trends
towards more central heating and a general Increase in comfort;
Whereas better boiler efficiency is in the consumer's Interest;
whereas energy saving will be reflected by fewer              imports of
hydrocarbons; whereas a drop In the Community's energy dependence will
have a positive Impact on Its trade balance;
Whereas Council Directive 78/170/EEC of 13 February 1978 on the
performance of heat generators for space heating and the production of
hot water in new or existing non-industrial buildings and on the
 insulation of heat and domestic hot-water distribution in new
non-Industrial buildings^8*, as amended by Directive 82/885/EEC^9^,
has given rise to the establishment of substantially different
efficiency levels between one Member State and another;
Whereas the Member States which have only stipulated low efficiency
requirements have not "elaborated efficient standards of performance
and operation for heating systems and boilers", contrary to the
provision    In the Council Resolution of 15 January 1985 on the
 improvements of energy-saving programmes in the Member States-,
Whereas the requirement of high efficiency for hot-water boilers will
reduce the range of technical properties of equipment placed on the
market, thus facilitating mass production and making for economies of
scale; whereas the absence of a measure laying down minimum energy
requirements at a sufficiently high level may result, with the
completion of the Internal market, in a significant drop In the
efficiency levels of heating installations through the spread on the
market of low-efficiency boilers,
(6)   OJ No C 183, 20.7.1989, p. 4.
(7)   OJ No
(8)   OJ No L 52, 23.2.1978, p. 32.
(9)   OJ No L 378, 31.12.1982, p. 19.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 17 -
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
                                Article 1
This Directive applies to new, hot-water boilers fired by liquid or
gaseous fuels with a nominal output equal to or greater than 10 kW but
less than 400 kW, hereinafter called "appliances".
                                Article. Z
For the purposes of this Directive the following definitions shall
apply:
    boiler:   the boiler heating body-burner unit;
    rated output, expressed In KW: the calorific output laid down and
    guaranteed by the manufacturer as being maintainable during
    continuous operation while complying with the performance levels
     indicated by the manufacturer;
    useful efficiency, expressed In %: the ratio between the useful
    heat output transmitted to the boiler water and the product of the
    net calorific value at constant fuel pressure and the consumption
    expressed as a quantity of fuel per unit time;
    part load, expressed In %: the ratio between the heat output of a
    boiler operating Intermittently or at an output lower than the
    rated output and the heat output at that same rated output;
    average temperature of the water in the boiler: the average of the
    water temperatures at the entry and exit of the boiler.
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 18 -
                                  Article a
The following shall be excluded from this Directive:
    hot-water boilers fired with solid fuels,
    steam boilers,
    electric boilers,
    condensation boilers I.e. boilers with condensation of the water
    vapour contained In the fumes,
     heat pumps,
     hot-air generators,
    equipment for the Instantaneous preparation of sanitary hot water,
    boilers designed to be fired with fuels whose properties differ
    appreciably from the properties of liquid and gaseous fuels
    commonly marketed (industrial waste gas, blogas, e t c . ) .
                                  ^r 11cie 4
1.  Member States will take all useful steps to ensure that appliances
     cannot be put on the market and into service until they have
     satisfied the minimum performance standards set down In Article 5.
2.  Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede access to the
    market or the placing In service of appliances which satisfy this
     Directive.
                                  %mmmJmJLmmmmmAmmmA
The appliances must comply with the following minimum useful efficiency
I eve I s :
1(a)      Operating at rated output P n expressed In kW, at an average
           temperature of the water in the boiler of 70'C:
               useful efficiency > (84 + 2 long P n ) % ,
           i.e., for the outputs listed below, by way of example, the
          following minimum values:
               86% for boilers of 10 kW
               87% for boilers of 31.6 kW
               88% for boilers of 100 kW
               89% for boilers of 316 kW.
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 19 -
(b) In the outpoint range between 10 kW and 31.6 kW Inclusive, for gas
    boilers fitted with natural draught burners, the requirement Is:
              useful efficiency > (81 + 4 log P n ) %
2(a)     Operating at 30% part load, at an average temperature of the
         water in the boiler of not less than 50*C:
              useful efficiency > (80 + 3 log P n ) %
         I.e., for the nominal     outputs  listed    below, the  following
         minimum values:
              83% for boilers of 10 kW
              84.5% for boilers of 31.6 kW
              86% for boilers of 100 kW
              87.5% for boilers of 316 kW.
(b) In the output range between 10 kW and 31.6 kW Inclusive, for gas
     boilers fitted with natural draught burners, the requirement is:
              useful efficiency > (77 + 5 log P n ) %
                                 Article 6
1.   Quality labels can be attributed to appliances showing higher
     performance levels than the requirements set out in Article 5. For
     each extra point in both nominal load efficiency and part-load
     efficiency a "*" shall be attributed, i.e.
     *    If the efficiency at nominal load > (85 + 2 log P n ) %
         and If efficiency at 30% part-load > (81 + 3 log P n ) %
     **   if the efficiency at nominal load > (86 + 2 log P n ) %
         and If the efficiency at 30% part-load > (82 + 3 log P n ) %
     *** If the efficiency at nominal load > (87 + 2 log P n ) %
         and If the efficiency at 30% part-load > (83 + 3 log P n ) %.
 ---pagebreak---                                                  - 20 -
2.  For small gas boilers fitted with natural draught burners In the
    output range of 1070-31.6 kW the required useful efficiency at
    nominal load to obtain:
    *    is > (82 + 4 log P n ) %
    ** Is > (83 + 4 log P n ) %
    *** is > (84 + 4 log P n ) %
    provided that the 30% part          load efficiency requirement                   is met at
    the same time:
    *    > (78 + 5 log P n ) %
    **   > (79 + 5 log P n ) %
    *** > (80 + 5 log P n ) %
                                  •jB*MBBBBVjRsLtlBMBtaNBBMB*B«W
1.  Before    launching on the market boiler bodies and burners
    commercialized separately, the manufacturers, agents or importers
    must obtain certificates specifying the parameters that will allow,
    after assembling, to reach the minimum useful efficiency set out in
    Article 5.
     If applicable-, these certificates                          will  also  attribute  quality
     labels provided for in Article 6.
2.  Before     launching    on   the              market            complete   appliances    the
    manufacturers, agents or              Importers must obtain certificates
    guaranteeing their ability to reach the minimum useful efficiency
    set up In ArtIcle 5.
     If applicable, these certificates                           will  also  attribute   quality
     labels provided for in Article 6.
    Boiler bodies and burners thus being successfully certified, can be
    marketed separately through a relevant Indication of burners and
    boiler bodies, that will allow to reach the minimum useful
    efficiency set out In Article 5 and the quality label provided for
     in Article 6.
                                  Article 8
Member States shall Inform the Commission and the other Member States
of the bodies empowered to carry out the inspection and issue the
approval certificate referred to in Article 7.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 21 -
                               Article fl
1. Member States shall adopt and publish before 1 January 1992 the
    provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall
    Immediately so Inform the Commission. The Member States shall
    apply these provisions from 1 January 1993.
    When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a
    reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such
    reference at the time of their official publication. The procedure
    for such reference shall be adopted by Member States.
2.  Member States shall, for the period up to 31 December 1995, permit
    the placing on the market and putting Into service of appliances
    complying with national rules In force in their territory on
    31 December 1992.
                               Article 10
This Directive is addressed to the Member States
Done at Brussels,                             For the Council
                                                The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                  - 22 -
                                          Directive chaudières
                                       PIehe d*impact PME/EMPLOI
   Obligations administrâtIvos
    La plupart des Etats membres ont des contraintes de rendement et
    des systèmes de contrôle de ces rendements. M n'y a donc que peu
    de changement à prévoir à ce niveau.
2. Avantages pour l'entreprise
    Les entreprises qui ont fourni un effort de progrès technologique
    verront celui-ci valorisé. Les autres entreprises devront fournir
    cet effort.
3.   Inconvénients pour l'entreprise
   Même si une large majorité d'entreprises sont prêtes à répondre aux
   exigences de cette directive, certaines devront envisager un
   nouveau design de leurs équipements, ce qui nécessitera des
     Investissements principalement dans le secteur des chaudières en
    fonte.
   «•BBBjLBBB%BaWBARaBHBB>BjBnB^
   L'application de la directive devrait, pour les constructeurs qui
   ne sont pas encore à même de répondre aux nouvelles exigences,
   accélérer                     le    processus     d'évolution     technologique    avec
   vraisemblablement quelques pertes d'emploi.
5. Concertation socials préalable.
   Non
6. La directive                     82/885/CEE    avait   proposé une     approche moins
   contraignante                    en    demandant    des    rendement    "économiquement
    Justifiés".
   Une telle approche a donné Ileu à des applications très divergentes
   nullement compatibles avec un marché Intérieur et une utilisation
   rationnelle de l'énergie.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                ISSN 0254-1475
                                                                COM (90) 368 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                                       12 15
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-90-544-EN-C
                                                               ISBN 92-77-65476-7
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