CELEX: 51998PC0096
Language: da
Date: 1998-02-23
Title: Forslag til Rådets afgørelse om Det Europæiske Fællesskabs undertegnelse af en Protokol til De Forenede Nationers rammekonvention om klimaændringer

KOMMISSIONEN FOR DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABER
                                               Bruxelles, den 23.02.1998
                                               KOM(1998) 96 endelig udg.
                                   Forslag til
                           RÅDETSAFCtøRFJ^F
om Det Europæiske Fællesskabs undertegnelse af en protokol til De Forenede Nationers
                      rammekonvention om klimaændringer
                         (forelagt af Kommissionen)
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                         Begrundelse
Rådet bemyndigede den 4. februar 1991 Kommissionen til på Fællesskabets vegne at
deltage i forhandlingerne om en konvention om klimaændringer og eventuelle dertil
knyttede protokoller1.
De Forenede Nationers rammekonvention om klimaændringer blev undertegnet af
Fællesskabet og alle dets medlemsstater i juni 1992 og blev ratificeret af Fællesskabet
ved en afgørelse af 15. december 19932.
Partskonferencens første møde blev afholdt i Berlin 28. marts - 7. april 1995. Her vedtog
parterne at indlede en proces, der tillod partskonferencen at træffe foranstaltninger for
tiden efter år 2000, bl.a. ved i en protokol eller et andet retligt instrument at skærpe
forpligtelserne for parterne i klimakonventionens bilag I. Der blev nedsat en åben ad hoc-
gruppe af parter, som skulle aflægge beretning om arbejdets udvikling på
partskonferencens andet møde.
Denne ad hoc-gruppe for det såkaldte Berlin-mandat har siden holdt møde otte gange.
Forhandlingerne - på områder henhørende under Fællesskabets kompetence - blev ført i
overensstemmelse med de forhandlingsdirektiver, Rådet havde opstillet den 4. februar
 19913, og i overensstemmelse med Rådets konklusioner om klimaændringer, hvoraf de
seneste blev vedtaget af Rådet (miljø) den 3. marts , den 19. juni og den 16. oktober
 1997. Protokollen blev vedtaget på partskonferencen i Kyoto, Japan, den 1. - 10.
december.
Selv om protokollen i sin endelige udgave ikke er så ambitiøs som EU's
forhandlingsmålsætninger, er forhandlingsresultaterne alligevel positive for det globale
miljø. De er endvidere i overensstemmelse med fællesskabsretten og forenelige med de
ovennævnte rådskonklusioner. Fællesskabet bør også spille en fremtrædende rolle med
hensyn til undertegnelsen. Det vil derfor være i Fællesskabets interesse at kunne
undertegne protokollen hurtigst muligt efter åbningen for dens undertegnelse den 16.
marts 1998, i New York. Protokollen vil forblive åben for undertegnelse indtil den 15.
marts 1999. Hvad angår de følgende skridt, skal Protokollen ratificeres, accepters eller
godkendes af parterne i Konventionen. Forslag til en Rådsbeslutning af konklusionen vil
blive fremsendt af Kommissionen i rette tid.
I lyset af de offentliggjorte tilkendegivelserfraøvrige nøgledeltagere, er det allerede klart
at en global implementering er afhængig af yderligere fremskridt i den kommende
 årrække, og ikke mindst om emner såsom joint implementation, rammer for handel med
 emissioner samt udviklingslandenes rolle. Kommissionen vil i rette tid fremsætte
 passende forslag.
 1
     Dok 4446/91 ENV 34 ENER 4
 2
     EFT L 33 af 7.2.1994, s. 11.
 3
     Dok 4446/91 ENV 34 ENER 4
                                              A
 ---pagebreak--- Rådet anmodes derfor om at træffe afgørelse om undertegnelsen af protokollen til
konventionen om klimaændringer og bemyndige Rådets formand til at udpege de
personer, der er beføjet til at undertegne den på Fællesskabets vegne.
 ---pagebreak---                                         Forslag til
                                    Rådets afgørelse
           om Det Europæiske Fællesskabs undertegnelse af en protokol til
            De Forenede Nationers rammekonvention om klimaændringer
RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION -
under henvisning til traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske Fællesskab,
under henvisning til forslag fra Kommissionen, og
ud fra følgende betragtninger:
Fællesskabet er part i De Forenede Nationers rammekonvention om klimaændringer;
Kommissionen har på Fællesskabets vegne, i overensstemmelse med Rådets
forhandlingsdirektiver af 4. februar 1991 og i overensstemmelse med Rådets
konklusioner om klimaændringer deltaget i den ad hoc-gruppe for Berlin-mandatet, der
blev nedsat på den første konference for parterne i konventionen den 7. april 1995 med
henblik på at træffe passende foranstaltninger for tiden efter år 2000;
En protokol er blevet vedtaget på Konferencen af parter af De Forenede Nationers
rammekonvention om klimaændringer afholdt i Kyoto fra 1. til 10. december 1997.
Protokollen tager sigte på at mindske emissionen af drivhusgasser og bidrager således til
at opfylde Fællesskabets miljøpolitiske målsætninger;
Der er derfor passende at Fællesskabet undertegner denne protokol.
TRUFFET FØLGENDE AFGØRELSE:
                                       Eneste artikel
Rådets formand bemyndiges hermed til at udpege de personer, der er beføjet til på
 Fællesskabets vegne at undertegne protokollen til konventionen om klimaændringer,
 vedtaget den 10. december 1997, i Kyoto, Japan.
 Udfærdiget i Bruxelles,
                                               På Rådets vegne
                                               Formand
                                             >?
 ---pagebreak---              UNITED
             NATIONS
            Framework Convention                                       Distr
                 onClimatethange                                       LIMITED
                                                                       FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
                                                                       10Decemberl997
Subject to technical revision
                                                                       Original: ENGLISH
   CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES
   Third session
   Kyoto, 1-10 December 1997
   Agenda item 5
                                -. KYOTO PROTOCOLTO THE
        UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
           The Parties to this Protocol,
          Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
   hereinafter referred to as "the Convention",
          Inpursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2,
          Recalling the provisions of the Convention,
          Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention,
          Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.l of the
   Conference of the Parties to the Convention at itsfirstsession,
           Have agreed as follows:
                                                 Article 1
           For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention
   shallapply. Inaddition:
   1.      "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
                                            W
 ---pagebreak--- FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
English
Page2
2.      "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
adopted in New York on 9 May 1992.
3.      "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the
United Nations Environment Programme.
4.      "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended.
5.      "Parties presént and voting" means Parties present and caStjng an affirmative or negative
vote.
6.      "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol.
7.      "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as
may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the
Convention.
                                              Article 2
1.      Each Party included in Annex I in achieving its quantified emission limitation and
reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall:
        (a)     Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its
national circuinstances, such as:
                (i)     Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national
                        economy;
                (ii)    Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases
                        not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its
                        commitments under relevant international environmental agreements;
                        promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and *
                         reforestation;
                (iii)   Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change
                        considerations;
                (iv)    Promotion, research, development and increased use of new and
                        renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies
                        and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies;
                                                   J"
 ---pagebreak---                                                               FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
                                                              English
                                                              Page 3
                 (v)    Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal
                        incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas
                        emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and
                        apply market instruments;
                 (vi)   Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at
                        promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of
                        greenhouse gasés not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;
                 (vii)  Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not
                        controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;
                 (viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane through recovery and use in waste
                        management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of
                        energy;
         (b)     Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined
effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4,
paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their
experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways
of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. The Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as
practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all
relevant information.
2.       The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of
greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocolfromaviation and marine bunker fuels,
working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime
Organization, respectively.
3.       The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under
this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate
change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other
Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4,
paragraphs 8 and 9 of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. The
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further
action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph.
 4.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it
 decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in
 paragraph l(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects,
 shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures.
                                                    c
 ---pagebreak--- FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
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Page 4
                                                Article 3
1.       The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate
anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do
not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and
reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this
Article, with a view to reducing their •overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below
1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.
2.       Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in
achieving its commitments under this Protocol.                     ~^r '•
3.       The net changes in greenhouse gas emissionsfromsources and remoyals by sinks
resulting from direct human-induced land use changtf andjforestiy activitieØffitelTtb"
afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation since 1990, measured as yerinable changes in
stocks in each commitment period shall be used to meet the commitments in this Article of each
Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissionsfromsources and removals by sinks
associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and
reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8.
4.       Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide for consideration by the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice data to establish its level of carbon
stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent
years. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
at itsfirstsession or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and
guidelines as to how and which additional human-induced activities related to changes in
greenhouse gas emissions and removals in the agricultural soil and land use change and forestry
categories, shall be added to, or subtractedfrom,the assigned amount for Parties included in
Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the
methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by
the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and
the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and
subsequent commitment periods. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these
additional human-induced activities for itsfirstcommitment period, provided that these activities
have taken place since 1990.
5.       The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market
economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the
Conference of the Parties at its second session, shall use that base year or period for the
implementation of their commitments under this Article. Any other Party included in
Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted
itsfirstnational communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the
                                                      ~\
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
                                                                 English
                                                                 Page5
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to
use a historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments
under this Article. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this,
Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification.
6.       Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of
their commitments under this Protocol other than those in this Article, a certain de'gree of
flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties
to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a
market economy.
7.       In thefirstquantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from
2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the
percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent
emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period
determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. Those Parties included in
Annex I for whom land use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas
emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate
anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions minus removals in 1990fromland use
change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount.
8.       Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in
paragraph 7 above.
9.       Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established
in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the
provisions of Article 20, paragraph 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of
the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven
years before the end of thefirstcommitment period mentioned in paragraph 7 above.
 10.     Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires
from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 and of Article 16 bis shall be
added to the assigned amount for that Party.
 11.     Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers
to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 and of Article 16 bis shall be
subtracted from the assigned amount for that Party.
 12.      Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquiresfromanother Party in
accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for that Party.
 ---pagebreak--- FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
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Page 6
 13.     If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I during a commitment period are less than
its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to
the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods.
14.      Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in
paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and econpmic
impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and
9, of the Convention. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the
implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol shall, at itsfirstsession, consider what actions are necessary to minimize
the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of cesponse measures on Parties referred
to in those paragraphs. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding,
insurance and transfer of technology.
                                                 Article 4
 1.      Any Parties included in Annex I that have agreed to jointly fulfil their commitments
under Article 3 shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total
combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases
listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified
emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the
provisions of Article 3. The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the
 agreement shall be set out in that agreement
 2.      The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the
 agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
 accession. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the
 terms of the agreement.
 3.       The agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period
 specified in Article 3, paragraph 7.
 4.       If Parties acting jointly do so in theframeworkof, and together with, a regional
 economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after
 adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Any
 alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those
 commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that revision.
  5.      In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total
  combined level of emission reductions, each Party to such an agreement shall be responsible for
  its own level of emissions set out in the agreement.
 ---pagebreak---                                                               FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
                                                              English
                                                              Page 7
6.       If Parties acting jointly do so in theframeworkof, and together with, a regional
economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of
that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional
economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 23, shall, in the event of
failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of
emissions as notified in accordance with this Article.
                                                 Article 5
1.       Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the
start-of-the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic
emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the
Montreal Protocol. Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the
methodolo^ies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at itsfirstsession.
2.       Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks
of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at
its third session. Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be
applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at itsfirstsession. Based on the work of, inter alia, the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for
Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and
adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties.
Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining
compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted
subsequent to that revision.
3.       The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of
anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by
the Montreal Protocol listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Based
on the work of, inter alia, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided
by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate,
revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any
relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Any revision to a global warming potential
 shall apply only to those commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period
 adopted subsequent to that revision.
                                                    /to
 ---pagebreak--- FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
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Page8
                                                Article 6
1.       For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in
Annex I may transfer to, or acquirefrom,any other such Party emission reduction units resulting
from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic
removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that:
         (a)     Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved;
         (b)     Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement
of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would otherwise occur;
         (c)     It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its
obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and
         (d)     The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic
actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3.
2.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may,
at itsfirstsession or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the
implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting.
3.       A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its
responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of
emission reduction units.
4.       If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements
referred to in this paragraph is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of
Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made afler
the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet
 its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved.
                                                Article 7
 1.      Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic
emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal
 Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties,
 the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3,
 to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below.
 2.       Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication,
 submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to
                                                ss*
 ---pagebreak---                                                                FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1
                                                               English
                                                               Page9
demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in
accordance with paragraph 4 below.
3.       Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under
paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with thefirstinventory due under the Convention for the
first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for it. Each such
Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of thefirstnational
communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and
after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. Thefrequencyof
subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to thjs Protocol, taking into
account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the
Conference of the Parties.
4.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall
adopt at itsfirstsession, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the
information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of
national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties.
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also,
prior to thefirstcommitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned
amounts.
                                              Article 8
1.       The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be
reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the
Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. The
information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be
reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned
amounts. Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party
included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications.
2.       Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of
experts selectedfromthose nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by
 intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the
 Conference of the Parties.
 3.       The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment
 of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. The expert review teams shall
 prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
 Protocol, assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any
 potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Such reports shall
                                             l£
 ---pagebreak--- FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
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PagelO
be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. The secretariat shall list those
questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
4.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall
adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of
implementation by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the
Conference of the Parties.
5.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider:
         (a)      The information submitted by the Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the
expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and
                              »
         (b)      Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under
paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties.
6.       Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take
decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol.
                                                 Article 9
 1.      The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall
periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and
assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic
 information. Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in
 particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2(a), of the
 Convention. Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
 Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action.
 2.      Thefirstreview shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties
 serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Further reviews shall take place at regular
 intervals and in a timely manner.
                                                 Article 10
          All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and
 their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without
  introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing
  commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the
                                                ^S
 ---pagebreak---                                                                FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add. 1
                                                               English
                                                               Page 11
implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into
account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall:
         (a)     Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national,
and where appropriate regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors,
activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the
preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources
and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using
comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent
with the guidelines for national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties;
         (b)     Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where
appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures
to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change:
                 (i)    Such programmes would, inter alia, concem the energy, transport and
                        industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management.
                        Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial
                        planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and
                 (ii)   Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this
                        Protocol, including national programmes, according to the guidelines laid
                        down in Article 8; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national
                        communications, as appropriate, information ori programmes which
                        contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate
                        change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increase in
                        greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks,
                        capacity building and adaptation measures.
          (c)    Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development,
application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate andfinance,as
appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how,
practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries,
including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of
environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the
creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance access to, and
transfer of, environmentally sound technologies;
          (d)     Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and
the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce
uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the
economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development
and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and
                                            /IVf
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Page 12
intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation,
taking into account Article 5 of the Convention;
         (e)     Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate,
using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training
programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and
institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field,
in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness and
public access to information on climate change. Suitable modalities should be developed to
implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention taking into account
Article 6 of the Convention;
         (f)     Include in their national communications information on programmes and
activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the
Conference of the Parties; and
         (g)     Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments in this Article, to
Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.
                                                 Article 11
 1.      In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of
Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5,7, 8 and 9 of the Convention.
2.       In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in
accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and
through the operating entity or entities of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the
developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention
shall:
          (a)    Provide new and additionalfinancialresources to meet the agreed full costs
 incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing
 commitments under Article 4, paragraph l(a), of the Convention that are covered in
 Article 10, subparagraph (a); and
          (b)    Also provide suchfinancialresources, including for the transfer of technology,
 needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing
 the implementation of existing commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are
 covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the
 international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that
 Article.
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                                                              Page 13
The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy
and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among
developed country Parties. The guidance to thefinancialmechanism of the Convention in
relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of
this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.
3.       The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the
Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial
resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral
channels.
                                             Article 12
1.       A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.
2.       The purpose of the «lean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included
in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contriburing to the ultimate objective of
the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their
quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.
3.       Under the clean development mechanism:
         (a)    Parties not included in Annex I will benefitfromproject activities resulting in
certified emission reductions; and
         (b)    Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing
from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the
Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
4.       The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised
by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.
5.       Emission reductions resultingfromeach project activity shall be certified by operational
entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to
this Protocol, on the basis of:
         (a)     Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;
         (b)     Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate
change; and
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Page 14
         (c)     Reductions-in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence
of the certified project activity.
6.       The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project
activities as necessary.
7.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
at itsfirstsession, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring
transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of
project activities.
8.       The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall
ensure that a share of the proceedsfromcertified project activities is used to cover administrative
expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the
adverse effects of climate change to meét the costs of adaptation.
9.       Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned
in paragraph 3(a) above and acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private
and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the
executive board of the clean development mechanism.
10.      Certified emission reductions obtained during the periodfromthe year 2000 up to the
beginning of thefirstcommitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the
first commitment period.
                                               Article 13
 1.      The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the
meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
2.       Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as
observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting
of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are
Parties to it.
 3.      When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol,
 any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the
 Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional
 member to be elected by andfromamongst the Parties to this Protocol.
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                                                                Page 15
4.      The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall
keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its
mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the
functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:
        (a)     Assess, on the basis of all information made åvailable to it in accordance with
the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall
effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic
and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards
the objective of the Convention is being achieved;
        (b)      Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due
consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2{d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of
the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its
implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect
consider and adopt regular-ceports on the implementation of this Protocol;
        (c)      Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the
Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances,
responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this
Protocol;
        (d)      Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures
adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing
circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments
under this Protocol;
        (e)      Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the
provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the
Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable
methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol;
         (f)     Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this
Protocol;
         (g)     Seek to mobilize additionalfinancialresources in accordance with
Article 11, paragraph 2;
         (h)     Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation
of this Protocol;
                                            A%
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Page 16                                            ~
         (i)     Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and
information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and
non-governmental bodies; and
         (j)     Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this
Protocol, and consider any assignment resultingfroma decision by the Conference of the Parties.
5.       The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties andfinancialprocedures of the
Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise
decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to
this Protocol.
6.       Thefirstsession of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to
this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the
Conference of the Parties thåt is schéduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol.
Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the
Conference of the Parties unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as
the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
7.       Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the
 Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written
 request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the
 Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.
 8.      The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy
 Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention,
 may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the
 Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international,
 governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and
 which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of
 the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so
 admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object The admission and participation
 of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in paragraph 5 above.
                                                 Article 14
  1.      The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of
 this Protocol.
 2,       Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and
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                                                               English
                                                               Page 17
Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the
secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition,
exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.
                                               Article 15
1.      The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body
for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as,
respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these
two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the
meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of,
respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation of the Convention.
2.      Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers
in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as
the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by the
Parties to this Protocol.
3.      When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise
their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of
those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to
this Protocol, shall be substituted by an additional member to be elected by andfromamongst the
Parties to this Protocol.
                                               Article 16
        The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the
multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any
relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral
consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without pfejudice to the
procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 17.
                                              Article 16 bis
        The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and
guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The
Parties.included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling
their commitments under Article 3 of this Protocol. Any such trading shall be supplemental to
domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction
commitments under that Article.
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Page 18
                                               Article 17
          The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine
and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through
the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree
andfrequencyof non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing
binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.
                                               Article 18
          The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlemerit of disputes shall apply
mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.
                                               Article 19
 1.       Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.
2.        Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of
the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed
amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six
months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also
communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the
Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.
 3.       The Parties shall make every effort to reach ågreement on any proposed amendment to
this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no ågreement
reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the
 Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by
the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.
 4.       Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the
 Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force
 for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the
 Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.
 5.       The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the
 date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said
 amendment.
                                                   £S)
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                                                                Page 19
                                                Article 20
1.       Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise
expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any
annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be
restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific,
technical, procedural or administrative character.
2.       Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose
amendments to annexes to this Protocol.
3.       Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at
an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this
Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to
the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for
adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment
to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the
Depositary.
4.       The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or
amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no
agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a
three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex
or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall
circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.
5.       An annex, other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted or amended in accordance
with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months
after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption or
amendment of the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary in writing
within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex
or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of
non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has
been received by the Depositary.
 6.      If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this
 Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the
 amendment to this Protocol enters into force.
 7.      Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in
 accordance with the procedure set out in Article 19, provided that any amendments to Annex B
 shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concemed.
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Page20
                                                 Article 21
1.       Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below.
2.       Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall
exercise theirrightto vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States
which are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any
of its member States exercises itsright,and vice versa.
                                                 Article 22
         The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.
                                                 Article 23
1.       This Protocol shall-be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or
approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the
Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from
16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accessionfromthe day after
the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.
2.       Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol
without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this
Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to
this Protocol, the organization and its member States shail decide on their respective
responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the
organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol
concurrently.
3.       In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic
integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters
governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in
turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence.
                                                 Article 24
 1.       This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less
 than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in
 total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included
 in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
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                                                                Page 21
2.       For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the
Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption
of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in theirfirstnational communications
submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention.
3.      For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or
 approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for
the entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day
following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
4.      For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional-economic
integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members
of the organization.
                                               Article 25
        No reservations may be made to this Protocol.
                                               Article 26
 1.      At any time after three yearsfromthe date on which this Protocol has entered into force
for a Party, that Party may withdrawfromthis Protocol by giving written notification to the
Depositary.
2.       Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one yearfromthe date of receipt by
the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the
notification of withdrawal.
3.       Any Party that withdrawsfromthe Convention shall be considered as also having
withdrawnfromthis Protocol.
                                               Article 27
         The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations.
         Done at Kyoto this tenth day of December one thousand nine hundred and
 ninety-seven.
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Page22
                                           Annex A
Greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide (COJ
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N 2 0)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Sectors/source categories
Energy
        Fuel combustion
               Energy industries
               Manufacturing industries and construction
               Transport
                Other sectors
                Other
        Fugitive emissions from fuels
                Solid fuels
                Oil and natural gas
                Other
Industrial processes
        Mineral products
        Chemical industry
        Metal production
        Other production
        Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride
        Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride
        Other
 Solvent and other product use.
                                                     2 r
 ---pagebreak---                                              FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.l
                                             English
                                             Page 23
Agriculture
       Enteric fermentation
       Manure management
       Rice cultivation
       Agricultural soils
       Prescribedburningof savannas .
       Field buming of agricultural residues
       Other
Waste
       Solid waste disposal on land
       Wastewater handling
       Waste incineration
       Other
                                          U
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Page 24                -                              - — -
                                                    Annex B
forty                                                Quantified emission limitation or
                                                     reduction commitment
                                                     (percentage of base year or period)
Australia                                                                108
Austria                                                                   92
Belgium                                                                   92
Bulgaria*                                                                 92
Canada                                                                    94
Croatia*                                                                . 95
Czech Republic*                                                           92   A
Denmark                                                                   92
Estonia*                                                                  92
European Community                                                        92
Finland                                                                   92
France                         "                                          92
Germany                                                                    92
Greece                                                                     92
Hungary*                                                                   94
Iceland                                                                  110
Ireland                                                                    92
Italy                                                                      92
Japan                                                                      94
Latvia*                                                                    92
Liechtenstein                                                              92
Lithuania*                                                                 92
Luxembourg                                                                 92
Monaco                                                                     92
Netherlands                                                                92
New Zealand                                                              100
Norway                                                                   101
 Poland*                                                                   94
 Portugal                                                                  92
 Romania*                                                                  92
 Russian Federation*                                                      100
 Slovakia*                                                                 92
 Slovenia*                                                                  92
 Spain                                                                      92
 Sweden                                                                     92
 Switzerland                                                                92
 Ukraine*                                                                 100
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland                       92
 United States of America                                                   93
 * Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy.
                                            l^i
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     ISSN 0254-1459
                                               KOM(98) 96 endelig udg.
                                   DOKUMENTER
DA                                                                  14 15 01
                                   Katalognummer : CB-CO-98-103-DA-C
                                                               ISBN 92-78-31281-9
Kontoret for De Europæiske Fællesskabers Officielle Publikationer
L-2985 Luxembourg
                                       22