CELEX: 51973PC0569
Language: en
Date: 1973-04-13
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES ON RADIO INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY SOUND AND VISION TV RECEIVERS

26.10. 73                             Official Journal of the European Communities                              No C 90/25
              Proposal for a Council Directive concerning the harmonization of legislation in Member
                     States in respect of radio interference caused by sound and vision TV receivers
                             (Submitted to the Council by the Commission on 24 April 1973)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN                                      adaptation to technical progress, set up in the
COMMUNITIES,                                                     Directive relating to the harmonization of the
                                                                 legislative, statutory and administrative provisions of
                                                                 Member States in respect of radio interference caused
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the                     by domestic electrical appliances and portable tools
European Economic Community, and in particular                   dated . . .,
Article 100 thereof;
Having regard        to  the    recommendation      of  the      HAS ADOPTED THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIVE:
Commission;
                                                                                         Article 1
Having regard        to  the    views   of the   European
Parliament;                                                      This Directive aims at harmonizing the legislative,
                                                                 statutory and administrative provisions in Member
                                                                 States relating to radio interference caused by sound
Having regard to the views of the Economic and                   and vision television receivers by fixing on the one
Social Committee;                                                hand the permissible upper limits of the interference
                                                                 produced by the above receivers and on the other
Whereas in the majority of Member States sound and               hand the methods to be used for measuring such
vision TV receivers are subject to strict provisions             interference.
regarding the interference which they may cause, and
whereas such provisions differ from one Member                                           Article 2
State to another; whereas the differences between
such national provisions hinder trade in receivers
likely to cause radio interference; and whereas for              The equipment referred to in Article 1 may not be
this reason they have a direct effect on the                     placed on the market unless it meets the requirements
establishment and functioning of the common                      of the Directive in respect of the reduction of
market;                                                          electrical interference which it is likely to cause.
Whereas it is consequently necessary to lay down, at                                      Article 3
Community level, the regulations to be observed in
regard to the permissible upper limits of the radio              1.     The conformity of the sound and vision
interference caused by the receivers covered by this             television receivers with the requirements laid down
Directive, together with the methods to be used for              in this Directive and its Annex shall be certified by
measuring such interference;                                     the producer or importer, on his own responsibility,
                                                                 in a statement to be included in the instructions for;
                                                                 use, the guarantee document or on the equipment
Whereas for purposes of measurement of the                       itself.
interference produced by the appliances covered by
this Directive it is necessary to operate the appliances
in specified conditions and to interpret the values              2.     The use of marks or certificates issued by
recorded on the test set in an identical manner;                 organizations, as notified by each Member State to
                                                                 the other Member States and to the Commission,
                                                                 shall render unnecessary the statement provided for
Whereas technological progress necessitates frequent             in the preceding paragraph.
adaptation of the technical requirements contained in
 this Directive, and whereas in order to facilitate
implementation of the measures necessary for this                                         Article 4
purpose it is appropriate to adopt the procedure for
close cooperation between Member States and the                  Member States may not invoke reasons concerning
Commission within the committee responsible for                  radio interference for prohibiting, restricting or
 ---pagebreak--- No C 90/26                        Official Journal of the European Communities                             26.10. 73
preventing the marketing or use of receivers which           exception of Section 1) into line with current
meet the requirements of this Directive and of its           technical developments shall be agreed in accordance
Annex.                                                       with the procedure in Article 8 of the Council's
                                                             Directive of the . . . relating to harmonization- of the
                                                             legislation in Member States on radio interference
                       Article 5                             caused by domestic electrical appliances, portable
                                                             tools and similar apparatus.
Member States shall take all necessary steps to ensure
that the test methods used for official checks and
intended to verify compliance with the requirements                                   Article 8
for reducing radio interference are in accordance with
those laid down in the Annex.                                1.    Member States shall bring into force the
                                                             necessary provisions to comply with this Directive
                                                             within a period of eighteen months from the date of
                       Article 6                             its issue and shall inform the Commission
                                                             immediately thereof.
The requirements of this Directive shall not prevent
the application in each Member State of the                  2.    Member States shall ensure that the text of the
provisions relating to the protection of public utility      provisions under national law which they are
receiving stations.                                          adopting in the field governed by this Directive is
                                                             forwarded to the Commission.
                       Article 7
                                                                                      Article 9
Any amendments required in order to bring the
provisions of the Annex to this Directive (with the          This Directive is addressed to all Member States.
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10. 73                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                             No C 90/27
                                                         ANNEX
      1.    SCOPE
           The following provisions apply to sound and vision radio receivers.
           They lay down the maximum permissible values and also the test methods to be used.
      2.   MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUES
      2.0. Introduction
           The maximum values quoted in the following table are reference maximum values.
           The values to be taken into consideration for a type test for the purpose of a prior certificate shall
           be the reference values less 2 dB, while the maximum values applicable for a test on a sample taken
           for purposes of checking shall be the reference values plus 2 dB.
     2.1.  Scanning oscillators: Maximum values of the interference voltage as measured on the supply network
           The tests shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 3 of these provisions.
                                                                                         Voltages
                           Frequencies in kHz
                                                                      Symmetrical                       Asymmetrical
                                                                 ttV             dB (nV)            nv              dB (iiV)
                                  150                           900                59              600                56
                                                                     Linear decrease in jxV depending upon
                                                                     frequency up to 500 kHz
                                 500                            200                46              400                52
                            500 to 1 605                        200                46.             400                52
     2.2.  Local oscillation of frequency modulated radio receivers and television receivers: 'maximum radiation
           values'
           The tests shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 4 of these provisions.
                                                                                                        Max. values
                      Receivers                             Frequency
                                                                                                  |iV/m           dB (|iV/m)
           FM radio receivers                 Fundamental frequency of local oscillator       3000 ( N o t e l ) 70 (Note 1)
                                                                                               400 (Note 2)      52 (Note 2)
                                              Harmonics below 300 M H z                        400                52
                                              Harmonics above 300 M H z up to                   600               56
                                              1 000 M H z
           TV receivers functioning in        Fundamental frequency of local oscillator        700 (Note 3)      57 (Note 3)
           channels below 300 M H z
                                              Harmonics below 300 M H z                         400               52
                                              Harmonics above 300 M H z up to                   600               56
                                              1 000 M H z
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/28                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                    26.10. 73
                                                                                                     Max. values
                         Receivers                             Frequency
                                                                                                nV/m          dB (nV/m)
             TV receivers functioning in        Fundamental frequency of local oscillator   700 (Note 4)    57 (Note 4)
             channels between 300 and
             1 000 MHz                          Harmonics below 1 000 MHz                    600             56
             Note 1: Limits applicable to equipment for which the fundamental frequency of the local oscillator
                       is higher than the receiving frequency (supradynes) and the intermediate frequency of which
                       is 10-7 MHz.
             Note 2: Limits applicable in all other cases. However, equipment of a type other than the supradyne
                       may be subject to restrictions under national regulations.
             Note 3: However, on a national level and in the case of receivers functioning on specified IFs, national
                       provisions may authorize the raising of this limit up to 2mV/m (66 dB (£*V/m)) above 200 MHz.
             Note 4: However, on a national level and in the case of receivers functioning on specified IFs, national
                       provisions may authorize the raising of this limit up to 3 mV/m (70 dB (HV/m)).
      2.3.   Radiation other than that referred to in paragraph 2.2: maximum radiation values (eg harmonics
             of the intermediate frequency)
             The tests shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 5 of these provisions.
                                                                                      Max. values
                                    Frequency
                                                                           liV/m                     dB (n V/m)
               30 to   300 MHz                                              400                          52
             300 to  1 000 MHz                                              600                          56
      2.4.   Local oscillators of FM radio receivers and TV receivers: Maximum values of the interference voltage
             at the aerial terminals
             The tests shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 6 of these provisions; as a result of this
             the maximum values quoted correspond to a nominal terminal impedance of 75 ohms.
      2.4.1. Receivers other than those for use in cars
                                                                                           |         Max. values
                          Receivers                             Frequency
                                                                                                  nv          dB (tiV/m)
             FM radio receivers                 Fundamental frequency of local oscillator 2000 (Note 1) 66 (Note 1)
                                                                                              315 (Note 2) 50 (Note 2)
                                                Harmonics below 300 MHz                      315             50
                                              •
                                                Harmonics above 300 MHz                      400             52
              TV receivers functioning in       Fundamental frequency of local oscillator     560            55
             channels below 70 MHz
                                                Harmonics below 300 MHz                      315             50
                                                Harmonics above 300 MHz                       400            52
 ---pagebreak--- 26. 10. 73                          Official Journal i of the European Communities                                   No C 90/29
                                                                                                    Max. values
                         Receivers                            Frequency
                                                                                                nv            dB (jjV/m)
             TV receivers functioning in      Fundamental frequency of local oscillator        1000              60
             channels between
             70 and 300 MHz
                                              Harmonics below 300 MHz                           315              50
                                              Harmonics above 300 MHz                           400              52
              TV receivers functioning in     Fundamental frequency of local oscillator       2000               66
             channels between
             300 and 1 000 MHz
             Note 1: Limits applicable to equipment for which the local oscillator fundamental frequency is higher
                       than the receiving frequency (supradynes) and the intermediate frequency of which is 10-7 MHz.
             Note 2: Limits applicable in all other cases. However, equipment of a type other than the supradyne
                       may be subject to restrictions under national regulations.
      2.4.2. Receivers for use in cars
                                                                                    Max. values
                                   Frequency
                                                                          nv                          dB   (jiV)
             Fundamental frequency of local oscillator                  4 000                          72
             Harmonics below 300 MHz                                      900                          59
             Harmonics above 300 to 1 000 MHz                             400                          52
             Interference other than that referred to in paragraph 2.4 (eg intermediate frequency harmonics)
             The tests shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 6 of these provisions, so that the maxi-
             mum values quoted correspond to a nominal terminal impedance of 75 ohms.
                                                                                    Max. values
                                   Frequency
                                                                          nv                         dB  (nV)
                             30 to 300 MHz                               315                            50
                           300 to 1 000 MHz                              400                            52
      3.     MEASUREMENTS OF THE INTERFERENCE VOLTAGES IN THE RANGE 150 TO 1605 kHz
             PRODUCED BY TELEVISION RECEIVERS
      3.1.   Introduction
             The voltages measured shall include those produced by time bases, semi-conductor rectifiersfin the
             network and the image signal.
      3.2.   Test equipment
             The test receiver must meet the requirements of publication 1 of the CISPR: Specification for the
             CISPR test equipment for frequencies between 0-15 and 30 MHz.
             The recommendations in regard to the fictitious test network are given in paragraph 3.4.
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/30                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                  26.10. 73
      3.3.    Tests — General
              The television receiver and the test network shall be set up as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
              The supply lead must be so placed as to follow the shortest route between the receiver and the test
              network set up on the earth plate. Any excess length of the test lead must be folded into a bundle
              on the network side.
              If the receiver has an earth terminal, the test should be carried out with and without earthing.
              The TV receiver must be tuned and synchronized with a specified image signal, preferably produced
              locally.
              For this purpose a small external dipole aerial of a maximum length of 60 cm should be used.
              If the receiver has a built-in aerial, the latter should be disconnected.
              The image to be used shall be a test pattern divided into 10 horizontal segments of equal size
              graded from black to white. The signal level shall be adjusted so as to make the noise from the
              receiver visible. The frequency which gives the highest interference voltage should then be found and
              the contrast and brightness should be adjusted so as to obtain the maximum interference voltage
              while maintaining the correct degrees of black and white. This adjustment shall be maintained
              during the tests.
              At all frequencies in the 150 to 1605 kHz range the high frequency injected into the network by
              a TV set shall be measured on a specified network (see paragraph 3.4).
      3.4.    Test network (in accordance with CISPR Publication 1)
              A network is required which will provide impedances at a given high frequency between the supply
              terminals of the receiver and between each of these terminals and the earth. The network shall also
              include a filter for protecting the receiver against high frequency interference signals from the supply
              network.
              The impedance at the test frequency of this filter must be so high that the filter and associated
              network, as shown in Fig. 3, has a modulus impedance of 150 ± 20 ohms and an argument im-
              pedance of not more than 20° as an absolute value between the terminals of the receiver and between
              these terminals together and the earth.
              The symmetrical voltage shall be measured between the terminals A and B (Fig. 3), and the asym-
              metrical voltage between the terminal C and the earth.
              These voltages are shown conventionally by means of a vector diagram as in Fig. 4b.
              Fig. 5 is an example of a test network for measuring the symmetrical component (position 1 of the
              switch S) and the asymmetrical component (position 2 of the switch S), which can be used with a test
              receiver.
              Account should be taken of the attenuation introduced by this network. The practical values of the
               components are indicated in Fig. 5 and in Table I.
              Fig. 4a is another example of a test network which does not require a matching transformer. In such
                                               Va —   —
                                                      J Vg
               case VA, VB and the mean of              — are measured as shown in Fig. 4b.
      4.       RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AT FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 30 AND 1000 MHz AT A
               DISTANCE OF 3 M
      4.1.     Introduction
               The method described in paragraph 4.2 can be used to measure the radiation, evaluated in relation
               to the electric field, produced by frequency modulation receiver and television receivers designed
            • to function in the 30 to 1 000 MHz range. This test method should be used in the open air or in a
               large building.
               The following method is directly applicable to radiation measurements at frequencies of the internal
               oscillator and its harmonics in the 30 to 1 000 MHz range. By causing a signal to act on the receiver
               by means of any device which does not affect the accuracy of the measurements, the procedure indi-
               cated can also be used to measure radiation at intermediate frequency and at its harmonics.
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10.73                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                  No C 90/31
     4.2.   Radiation measurements
     4.2.1.  Test location
            The test area must be flat and free of all reflecting objects. There shall be no foreign metal object
            larger than 5 cm in the vicinity of the receiver under test or of the field strength meter. The receiver
            and the field strength meter shall be located above a conducting earth composed of a metal grid
            measuring 6 x 9 cm, as shown in Fig. 6.
            If this metal grid differs from an ideal conducting plane, or if the test is carried out in a closed
            building, it must be ensured that this does not cause any appreciable interference.
            The horizontal distance between the field strength meter aerial and the receiver aerial, and between
            the meter aerial and the receiver oscillator must be 3 m (see Fig. 7).
             (a) 30 to 300 MHz frequency range
                 The validity of the location and of the test equipment must be checked using the arrangement
                 shown in Fig. 7. The receiver is replaced by a calibrated signal generator, and a horizontal dipole
                 aerial 1-5 m long (see paragraph 4.2.2.1) is connected to the generator output by a matched sym-
                 metrical line on the generator side. A 300 ohm line must be used. The height of the dipole from the
                 field strength meter must be close to the values quoted in Fig. 8. The exact value shall be deter-
                 mined by slightly varying the height either side of the theoretical value so as to ensure that the
                 maximum radiation is in fact being measured.
                 The attenuation produced by the test location shall be evaluated in relation to the power available
                 at the 300 ohm line (expressed in dB (10"9W) to produce a field of 100 [xV/m (see Fig. 9).
                 To ensure the validity of the test results, the field strength meter must be calibrated with the same
                 calibrated signal generator.
                 Care should be taken to ensure that the field strength meter is suitable for the connecting line.
                 In the most sensitive positions of the meter, the input impedance may differ appreciably from
                 the nominal value; this can be avoided by carrying out the tests at a level high enough to
                 permit the use of a fixed attenuator in the input circuit of the field strength meter.
                 When using a symmetrical/asymmetrical extended band transformer (see Fig. 10), this transformer
                 should be correctly charged so as to ensure satisfactory functioning over the whole frequency
                 range; this is achieved in practice by inserting a non-reciprocal attenuator giving an attenuation
                 of at least 10 dB between the symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer and the 300 ohm line.
                 In cases where the output impedance of the transformer differs from 300 ohms, the attenuator
                 can be incorporated in the matching circuit.
                 When using an exactly tuned symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer (see Fig. 11) the use of the
                 attenuator becomes unnecessary, but the 300 ohm line must he correctly matched on the sym-
                 metrical/asymmetrical transformer side.
                 It is recommended to carry out a few tests in order to check the losses and the impedances
                 of the symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer and the losses in the connecting lines (see Fig. 12).
                 It is also recommended to check the symmetry of the symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer.
                 For a satisfactory test location the results obtained must be in good agreement with the curve
                 shown in Fig. 9.
                 Note: The available power is the power which would be provided by any generating system to a
                                                            £2
                 suitable charging circuit. It is equal to
                                                           4R,
                 where: E is the equivalent open circuit voltage at the terminals of the system, the charging circuit
                 of which has been disconnected; R is the internal resistance measured across these terminals.
            (b) Frequency range 300 to 1 000 MHz
                 The validity of the test location and of the test equipment must be checked in accordance with
                 the procedure described in paragraph 4.2.1, except in regard to the following points:
 ---pagebreak--- No C 90/32                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                  26.10. 73
                    (a) the horizontal dipole to be connected to the signal generator must be 30 cm long;
                    (b) The test should be begun by placing the dipole of the field strength meter 1 meter from
                         the ground, after which the height of this dipole is varied within its scanning limit to ensure
                         that the maximum field is being measured; .
                    (c) the theoretical attenuation curve for the test location is shown in Fig. 14.
                    Note: In cases where the attenuation curve measured differs appreciably from that shown in Fig.
                    14, it is helpful to measure the attenuation of the test location between tuned dipoles. The test
                    should be performed in accordance with paragraph 4.2.1 except in regard to the length of the
                    dipole connected to the signal generator. This dipole should be adjusted to the half wavelength
                   [corresponding to the test frequency and matched correctly. The power required to produce a
                    field of 100 [xV/m is very close to 1 X 10"9W.
     4.2.2.   Arrangement of the receiver
     4.2.2.1. Receiver aerial
              The aerial must be a single dipole made with a 13 mm external diameter tube. The length of the
              dipole shall be 1-5 m in the frequency range 30 to 300 MHz and 30 cm in the frequency range
              300 MHz to 1 000 MHz. Other constructional details are given in Fig. 13.
              The aerial, fixed on a non conducting mast, must be capable of turning in the horizontal plane
               (see 4.2.2.3), the centre of the dipole being 4 m above the ground as shown in Fig. 7.
     4.2.2.2. Connecting line
              The connecting line from the aerial to the receiver, must be of the type and have the characteristic
              impedance for which the receiver has been designed. If the receiver has been designed to function
              either with a coaxial cable or with a symmetrical line, the latter shall be used. The symmetrical
              line must not be screened. The coaxial cable, which must not be provided with an additional
              screen, must be directly connected to the receiver and to the aerial without any intervening
               symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer or other device.
              The type of connecting line used must be indicated when reporting the results of the tests.
              In the case of a symmetrical line the flat side of the line must be fixed to the mast by insulators
              which are sufficiently close together to ensure good mechanical rigidity. A coaxial cable can be fixed
              directly onto the mast.
              The arrangement of the line is shown in Fig. 7.
              Normal sections of the same type of connecting line, 112 cm, 75 cm, 37-5 and 15 cm respectively
              should be prepared.
              The length of the connecting line is increased, when necessary, by adding the 112 cm section in the
              30 to 80 MHz frequency range, the 75 cm section in the 80 to 140 MHz frequency range the
              37-5 cm section in the 140 to 300 MHz frequency range and the 15 cm section in the 300 to 1 000
              MHz frequency range.
              Additional sections'should be arranged as shown by the broken line in Fig. 7.
     4.2.2.3. Receiver
              The receiver must be so placed that the oscillator is 1 m from the ground, as shown in Fig. 7.
              The support used must be made of a non-conducting material.
              The assembly made up of the receiver, the aerial and its supporting mast must be capable of
              turning around a vertical axis passing through the centre of the dipole and the oscillator.
              The oscillator and the centre of the receiver dipole must be located on the same vertical axis, co-
              incident with the supporting mast of the aerial. This assembly must be capable of turning around this
              axis, the plane of the front face of the receiver remaining parallel to its dipole.
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10. 73                             Official Journal of the European Communities                               No C 90/33
               The lead must be arranged in the same plane, as shown in Fig. 7, any excess length of the lead
               being gathered together at the end which is connected to the power supply point.
               An appropriate system of filters must be included in the power supply circuit so that measurement
               accuracy is not affected.
      4.2.3.   Arrangement     of the field strength meter
      4.2.3.1. Field strength meter aerial
               This aerial must be a half wavelength dipole which can turn on a vertical axis around a horizontal
               axis which cuts the vertical axis of the receiver described in 4.2.2.3. The height of its centre must be
               capable of continuous variation between 1 and 4 m (see Fig. 7).
               Between 30 and 80 M H z it must be designed with a dipole of constant length corresponding to
               half a wavelength for 80 MHz. In this 30 to 80 MHz range, the field strength meter must be calibrated
               with this fixed dipole by means of a reference field at a height of 4 meters from the ground.
               Above 80 MHz, the field should be measured using a half wavelength dipole for the measuring
               frequency.
      4.2.3.2. Connecting line
               An appropriate connecting line must be installed as shown in Fig. 7, a distance of more than 1 m
               being left between the dipole and the vertical section of the line.
      4.2.3.3. Field strength meter
               An appropriate field strength meter must be placed at a suitable height. It may be supplied with power
               from batteries or from the network.
      4.2.4.    Test method
      4.2.4.1. Test with dipole connected to the receiver.
               The radiation must be measured by connecting the line from the dipole direct to the aerial terminals
               of the receiver.
               The field strength meter aerial must be turned for the horizontal polarization measurement and
               placed at a height above the ground as shown in Fig. 8. The assembly made up of the receiver and
               its aerial is then turned so as to obtain the full scale deflection of the meter, after which the height
               of the meter aerial is varied between 1 and 4 m until full scale deflection of the meter is obtained.
               In the case of a receiver with a symmetrical line, the tests are repeated by reversing the line
               connections. For a receiver with a coaxial cable, the relative position of the chassis with reference
               to the dipole must be reversed by 180 °. When the radiation at a single given frequency has to be
               determined, the length of the connecting line must be increased by the addition of sections, as speci-
               dified in paragraph 4.2.2.2, and the tests must be repeated.
               If the tests are made in an extended frequency range, it is unnecessary to repeat the test after ad-
               ditional sections have been added to the connecting line.
               The highest field value found during the above operations shall be taken for measurement of hori-
               zontal polarization radiation, for this type of test. The same test procedure is repeated, by placing
               the dipole of the field strength meter in the vertical position and varying its height from 2 to 4 m for
               the 30 to 300 MHz frequency range and from 1 to 4 m for the 300 to 1 000 MHz.
               It is not considered necessary to repeat the test by turning the receiver dipole vertically.
      4.2.4.2. Test with built-in aerial
               Disconnect the connecting line from the receiver, keep it at a distance of at least 20 cm from the
               receiver so as to avoid any coupling, and connect the built-in aerial. The experimental procedure
 ---pagebreak--- No C 90/34                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                     26.10. 73
              indicated in paragraph 4.2.4.1 should then be followed in order to determine the maximum values
              of the horizontal and vertical components of the radiated field.
              When it is possible for the user to reverse the connections of the built-in aerial, a test should be
              performed to determine the position producing the maximum radiation.
     4.2.4.3. Test without aerial
              The receiver aerial terminals should be closed on a non-inductive resistance of 300 ohms if the receiver
              input is designed for a symmetrical line, and 75 ohms if the input is designed for a coaxial cable.
              The test is similar to that described in paragraph 4.2.4.2.
     4.2.4.4. Evaluation of the radiation produced
              The highest value found during the tests described in paragraph 4.2 shall be taken as the characteristic
              value for the radiation from the receiver.
     5.       MEASUREMENT OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY RADIATION AND O T H E R TYPES OF
              RADIATION
     5.1.     Test location
              The test location must be in accordance with paragraph 4.2.1 and Figures 6 and 7. Fig. 15 shows
               a plan view of the earthed ground, the lay-out of the test aerial and the receiver under test. The
               additional equipment required for measuring intermediate frequency radiation includes two aerials
               Ai and Ag to which signals are fed from a single generator by means of cables. Attenuator circuits,
               or transformers, supply the two aerials with equal power and effect the correct matching of the
               cables and the generator. The aerials Ai and Aa may be half-wavelength dipoles tuned to the working
               frequency of the receiver under test.
               The two aerials, placed 4 m from the ground, are arranged horizontally at right angles to each other,
               as shown in Fig. 15. Their purpose is to create a field the action of which on the aerial of the
               receiver under test is independent of the orientation of the aerial. T o achieve this result the two aerials
               can be fed in quadrature, by adjusting the relative length of the cables supplying each aerial. A phase
               shift network can also be incorporated in one of the cables. The uniformity of the field must be
               ensured by connecting a field strength meter to the aerial normally associated with the receiver under
               test and by turning this aerial through 360 The equipment is considered to be satisfactory if the
               signal received varies less than ± 1 dB.
               During this test operation it is possible to establish the relationship between the reading given by the
               generator and the field produced at the point where the aerial of the receiver under test is located.
     5.2.      Arrangement of the receiver
               As specified in paragraph 4.2.2.
      5.3.     Arrangement of the field strength meter
               As specified in paragraph 4.2.3.
      5.4.     Test method
      5.4.1.   Measurement    with dipole connected in the receiver
               The radiation must be measured by connecting the line from the dipole A 3 direct to the aerial
               terminals of the receiver. The generator output signal must be adjusted so as to produce a voltage
               of 10 mV at the receiver aerial terminals, for an input impedance of 75 ohms. The aerial of the field
               strength meter is turned for the horizontal polarization measurement and placed at a height above
               the ground corresponding to the frequency at which the test is to be made, as indicated in Fig. 8.
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10. 73                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No C 90/35
             The assembly consisting of the receiver and its aerial is then turned until full scale deflection of
             the field strength meter is obtained, after which the height of the meter aerial is varied between
             1 and 4 m until the meter again shows full scale deflection.
             When the maximum field position has been determined, the output signal of the generator is reduced
             from its initial value in order to obtain the input signal producing maximum radiation at inter-
             mediate frequency.
             Finally, the point at which full scale deflection occurs is again found by orientating the assembly
             consisting of the receiver and its aerial and by adjusting the height of the field strength meter. The
             field value found during this final operation is taken as the measurement value of the radiation at
             the frequency concerned.
             The same test procedure is repeated by placing the dipole of the field strength meter in the vertical
             position and varying its height from 2 to 4 m.
      5.4.2.  Test with built-in aerial
             As the intermediate frequency and its harmonics are not normally radiated by the aerial, the tests as
             specified in this paragraph are required only in exceptional cases.
             The connecting line is disconnected from the receiver, leaving a distance of at least 20 cm between
             its extremity and the aerial terminals, so as to prevent any coupling. The built-in aerial is then connected.
             The radiation is measured in exactly the same way as in paragraph 5.4.1; it may however be necessary
             to use a generator output signal of a higher level to compensate for the reduced efficiency of the
             receiving aerial.
      6.     MEASUREMENT OF T H E RESIDUAL VOLTAGE OF T H E LOCAL OSCILLATOR AT T H E
             AERIAL TERMINALS OF T H E RECEIVER, BETWEEN 30 MHz AND 1 000 MHz
      6.1.   Introduction
             It may be desirable to measure the local oscillator voltage remaining at the aerial terminals of a
             receiver, for example:
             (a) when several receivers are connected to a common aerial system, the power remaining at the
                  terminals of one of the receivers may produce interference in the other receivers via the supply
                  cables and the common amplifier;
             (b) when individual aerials are installed fairly close to one another, coupling between the receiving
                  stations is caused mainly by the aerials in such case.
      6.2.   Test on receivers with aerial input by coaxial cable
             The aerial terminals of the receiver are connected to the test equipment by a 75 ohm coaxial cable
             and, if necessary via an impedance matching network (see Fig. 16).
             The impedance, at the receiver, must be 75 ohms; if the input impedance of the test equipment is
             not equal to 75 ohms, a fixed matching attenuator must be inserted between the test equipment
             and the receiver. The impedance of this attenuator, as seen from the receiver, must be equal to
             75 ohms. Unless the input impedance of the test equipment is known precisely, an attenuator giving
             an'attenuation of at least 10 dB must be inserted between the connecting cable and the test equipment
             to reduce any effects which the lack of precision might have on the impedance value.
             The test set is tuned to the relative frequency radiated and is adjusted so as to give as an output
             a suitable reference reading. Then a normal signal generator, with an output impedance of 75 ohms,
             is connected (via any attenuator and matching device normally used for the test) instead of the
             receiver. Its output level is adjusted so as to give, on the test set, the same reference reading.
             Care should be taken that the RF currents flowing between the receiver chassis and the external
             surface of the screen of the coaxial cable do not penetrate inside this cable and thus cause measure-
             ment errors. This can be avoided, for example, by using ferrite tubes.
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/36                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                    2 6 . 1 0 . 73
      6.3.  Test on receivers with symmetrical aerial input
            The test method is similar to that described in paragraph 6.2. The test equipment is shown in Fig. 17.
            A system of resistances is inserted between the test equipment at a distance of 0-5 m from the receiver
            and is connected to the receiver by means of an unscreened symmetrical cable. This system should
            provide correct matching between the receiver and the symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer and
            should attenuate the asymmetrical currents. If the asymmetrical currents cause interference — this
            can generally be checked by changing over the conductors of the symmetrical cable at the receiver
            input — they must be suppressed by means of suitable devices such as ferrite tubes or filters.
            Note: The matching system and the symmetrical/asymmetrical transformer are not described in detail,
            since it is possible to use various methods for this, eg a 'Guanella' transformer (radio transmission
            line wound on a magnetic core) or ferrite stop rings.
      6.4.  Presentation of results
             The results are expressed by the various values of the dB level (t*V) of the substitution signal supplied
            by the generator at 75 or 300 ohms, as appropriate.
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10.73                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                 No C 90/37
                   radiating
                                                                                 television
                                                                                 receiver
                                       > 80 cm
                                                                                              40 cm
         measuring
         apparatus
                                                                                                                 screened
                                                                                                               ' room
                              coaxia cable
                                                                                                mains
                                                                          artificial
                                                  non-metallic            network
                                                  support
                                               Figure 1 (Clause 3.3)
                                                                                                      40 cm
                                               Figure 2 (Clause 3.3)
            Example of measurement of the radio-frequency signal into the mains in a shield screen room
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/38                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                  26.10.73
                                                       Figure 2 (Clause 3.3)
                                      Picture corresponding to CCIR test signal No 1
                                                                                    01 jiF
                                                                                        •O A
                                                                         300  n  > 100 o
                                           radio-frequency
                         mains             isolating                                     -O C
                                           filter
                                                                         300 O.     100 o
                                                                                     01 iiF
                                                       Figure 3 (Clause 3.4)
                                          Basic circuit of artificial mains network
              I                                                                             I
                                                            01 uF     375 O        75 O
                                                                     90 Ci
                                                                       330 O
                                                                                                         selective
                      additional                                                                         voltmeter
                     filter sections                                                                     75 O
                                                                     90 O
                      if required                                                  75 O
                                                                      375 O
                                                                                              coaxial
                                                            01 uF                             cable 75 O
                                                   P = connections for receiver
                                                      Figure 4a (Clause 3.4)
            Example of an artificial mains network for use with a selective voltmeter impedance of 75 ohms
                                                      Figure 4b (Clause 3.4)
                                          Vector diagram of interference voltages
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10.73                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                N o C 90/39
Additional                                                     P = connections for receivers                                    CISPR
filter sections,                                               1 = symmetrical component                                        measuring
if required                                                    2 = asymmetrical components                                      apparatus
                                                              Figure 5 (Clause 3.4)
                            Example of an artificial mains network for use with a CISPR measuring apparatus
                                                              TABLE I (Clause 3.4)
                              Values of the components of the mains shown in Figure 5, attentuations and
                                            input impedances of the artificial mains network
                        z                           50 ft                             60 n                 75 ft
              II                              152-9 (150) ft                     169-7 (160) O      187-5 (180) ft
         Rg        R4                         118-7(120) ft                      112-2 (110) a      107-1 (110) ft
        R5                                    390-7 (390) ft                    483-9 (470) Q       621-4 (620) ft
         Re   =
                   R7                         275-7 (270) ft                     230-3 (220) a      187-5 (180) ft
        R8     = R.                            22-8    (22) Q                     27-6 (27) O        34-5 (36) ft
        &     II                              107-8 (110) a                      129-1 (130) ft     161-3 (150) ft
        RIS                                         50 ft                             60 ft                75 ft
        3
        II         2                                2-5 : 1                           2-5 : 1              2-5 : 1
         Asym                                  20     (20) dB                     20 (19-7) dB       20 (19-8) dB
        Aasym                                  20 (19-9) dB                       20 (19-8) dB       20      (20) dB
         Zsym                                 150 (150) a                        150 (145-7) ft     150 (151-2) ft
        Zasym                                 150 (148) Q                        150 (143-4) ft     150 (145-2) ft
         Note: For resistances, standardized values are given between brackets (tolerance 5 %).
               For attenuations and input impedances of the artifical mains network, calculated values are given between
               brackets.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 90/40                            Official Journal of the European Communities          26.10. 73
                                                             3-0 m
                                                   Figure 6 (Article 4.2.1)
                                                        Measuring site
                              dipoie
                      feeder                                            dipoie
                      length
                      3-9 m
                                                         3-0 m
                         > 15 cm
                   r—
                                                                                   field-
                   V           receiver                                            strength
                                                     oscillator                    meter
        additional
        section                                      valve
                mains            filter                                              filter
                                                   Figure 7 (Article 4.2.1)
                                          Open-field measurement at 3 m distance
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10. 73                                Official Journal of the European Communities                  No C 90/41
          h (m) height
             14
            12
            10
              8
              6
              4
              2
              0
                 30                           100             150              200    250  300 MHz
                                                                                           frequency
                                                         Figure 8 (Article 4.2.1)
                                                   Field-strength meter aerial height
            dB ( 1 0 - 9 W ) available input power
              28
              26
              24
              22
                  30        50                 100              150             200    250    300 MHz
                                                                                             frequency
                                                         Figure 9 (Article 4.2.1)
                                                         Site attenuation curve
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/42                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                  2 6 . 1 0 . 73
                                   25 O                                            130 n
                    50 O
                                  •njvif                                         rOATV
                                                       75:75 fJ                  i 87-6 Q         300 Q
                                                                                   130 O
                                                                                 11-4 dB
                                                      75:300 O            578 O             578 n 300 Q
                                                                                    10 dB
          signal generator                        broad-band balun              attenuator        feeder        dipole
                                                    Figure 10 (Article 4.2.1)
        Examples of circuit arrangements for measurement of the site attenuation curve with a broad-band balun
                                              50:200 O                                     300 O
                 signal generator                 precision tuned balun                    feeder        dipole
                                                     Figure 11 (Article 4.2.1)
       Example of circuit arrangement for measurement of the site attenuation curve with a precision tuned balun
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10. 73                      Official Journal of the European Communities                        N o C 90/43
                                                                 I
                                                                 |   50 a
                                                          • ~ —I—r\ru\^-
                                 50:200 O                300 Q I1             200:50 O
                                             50 Q                    50 n
                                            •nnru         — — I -nAIT/'
                               tuned balun                                   tuned balun
                      fVUV
                                75:300 Q                300 Q   .             200:50 a
                                                                     50 O
                                                                |  •HJUlr
                                                                I
          signal           broad-band ba!ur>            feeder              tuned balun
          generator
                                               Figure 12 (Article 4.2.1)
                    Examples ofjcircuit'arrangements for control measurements on;balun
                                         \
                     assembly, partly
                     exploded
                                     176
                                                          threaded^    —
                                                                                     737
                                                           hole    \ r
                                                                                      I   E   3  &
                                            *l   J/       hole
                                            v           -&--S                          E 5 3 B -
                                                                         U     ^      J
                                                          13 0
                                                                   dipole element (duraluminium)
                                 dipole  support   (methyl   methacrylate,
                                 6 mm thick) all dimensions in mm
                                             Figure 2 3^(Article 4.2.2)
                                           Receiver dipole construction
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 90/44                                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                                        26.10. 73
                      P dB (10- 9 W) Available imput power
                        80
                        75
                             ^4
                        70.
                        65
                        60
                                    k59
                        55
                        50
                        45
                                                                                                                                 40
                        40
                                           L38                                                                          36
                        35
                                                                                                              32
                        30
                                                                                                      27
                        25
                                                  20                                          21
                        20
                                                                                         14
                        15
                                                                                   08
                        10
                                                        ^07                04
                        05
                                                                01 01
                         0
                           300    350   400     450   500   ' 550   600     650    700    750   800     850     900      950      1000
                                                                                                                                   MHz
                                                                                                                           frequency
            theoretical site attenuation                                                            P = P0 — G + a
            power into a tuned half-wave dipole to give a field strength of 100 (i V/m, when
                                                                                                                             1
            d, = path length of the direct wave, and                                                P 0 = 1 0 + 2 0 log           '    dB (10- 9 W)
            d 2 = path length of the reflected wave                                                                      '         "2)
       G = gain in decibels of the standard dipole with reference to a half dipole
                                                                                              I|                   l\
                                                                                                                   I
                                                                                                                      + 3J0L0 /\ 2 +V300/
                                                                                                                                       (JL\ 2
                                                                                              j     a = 10 log                      5          dB
                                                                                                                                    R
       a  = mismatch loss in decibels between a 300 Q generator and the standard dipole                                     4 .
            w i t h an impedance Z = R + jX                                                   )                                  300
                                                         Figure 14 (Paragraph 4.21)
                               Theoretical site attenuation curve for the range 300 M H z to 1000 M H z
 ---pagebreak--- 26.10.73                                    Official Journal of the European Communities                               No C 90/45
                                                                                A 2
                                           aerials fed in quadrature                90'
                                                                      A 3
                                                                                                             coaxial feeders
                                                    receiver
                                                                                                               matching sections
                                                                     A 4
                                                                                                   signal
                                                                                                   generator
                                                                          3 m
                                                      6m
      A , and A 2 4 m above ground
      A 3 aerial connected to receiver under test
      A 4 aerial connected to field-strength meter
                                                              Figure 15 (Clause 5.1)
                                   Measurement of receiver radiation at the intermediate frequency
 ---pagebreak--- No C 90/46                          Official Journal of the European Communities                               26.10. 73
                                                                       matching mains and/or attenuation
                  matching mains
                                                                       apparatus
                                                                                                                      measuring
                               —    - Q -                                                                             apparatus
                                                     Figure 16 (Clause 6.2)
     Disposition of components to perform measurements on a receiver designed to operate with a coaxial feeder
                                        connected to the receiver and to the aerial
                balanced
                unscreened
                feeder
                   0-5 m i
                           I matching                symmetrical/                                           measuring
                                                                                         matching mains     apparatus
                                                         Cal
                           I mains              / ffihi™
                                                    switchin                             and/or attenuation
                           I  y        BALUN /               9                           apparatus
                                             =©=/                 L
                                                     Figure 17 (Clause 6.3)
                Disposition of components for measurements on a receiver with symmetrical aerial input
     Note: The symmetrical/asymmetrical switching unit could include a component for suppression of asymmetrical
           currents.