CELEX: 42010X0831(01)
Language: en
Date: 2010-08-31 00:00:00
Title: Regulation No 49 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles

31.8.2010   
            
            
               EN
            
            
               Official Journal of the European Union
            
            
               L 229/1
            
         Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at: http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
   Regulation No 49 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles
   Amendments to Regulation 49 published in OJ L 103, 12.4.2008, p. 1.
   Incorporating:
   Supplement 1 to the 05 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 17 March 2010
   Supplement 2 to the 05 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 19 August 2010
   Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 2 — Date of entry into force: 19 August 2010
   Amendments to the list of contents
   The title of Annex 4B, amend to read:
   
      ‘Test procedure for compression-ignition (CI) engines and positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) incorporating the world-wide harmonised heavy-duty certification (WHDC, global technical regulation (gtr) No 4)’
   
   The title of Annex 9B, amend to read:
   
      ‘Technical requirements for on-board diagnostic systems (OBD)’
   
   Insert new Annex 9C:
   
      
                  ‘Annex 9C —
               
               
                  Technical requirements for assessing the in-use performance of on-board diagnostic systems (OBD)
                  Appendix 1 — Groups of monitors’
               
            
   Insert new Annex 10
   
      ‘Annex 10 — Technical requirements on off-cycle emissions (OCE)’
   
   Amendments to Annexes
   Replace the existing Annex 4B with a new Annex 4B:
   ‘
         ANNEX 4B
         Test procedure for compression-ignition (CI) engines and positive-ignition (PI) engines fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) incorporating the world-wide harmonised heavy duty certification (WHDC, global technical regulation (gtr) No 4)
         1.   APPLICABILITY
         This annex is not applicable for the purpose of type approval according to this Regulation for the time being. It will be made applicable in the future.
         2.   RESERVED. (1)
         
         3.   DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
         3.1.   Definitions
         For the purpose of this Regulation,
         3.1.1.   “continuous regeneration” means the regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs either permanently or at least once per WHTC hot start test. Such a regeneration process will not require a special test procedure.
         3.1.2.   “delay time” means the difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 10 per cent of the final reading (t10) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point. For the gaseous components, this is the transport time of the measured component from the sampling probe to the detector.
         3.1.3.   “deNOx system” means an exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) (e.g. passive and active lean NOx catalysts, NOx adsorbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems).
         3.1.4.   “diesel engine” means an engine which works on the compression-ignition principle.
         3.1.5.   “drift” means the difference between the zero or span responses of the measurement instrument after and before an emissions test.
         3.1.6.   “engine family” means a manufacturers grouping of engines which, through their design as defined in paragraph 5.2 of this Annex, have similar exhaust emission characteristics; all members of the family shall comply with the applicable emission limit values.
         3.1.7.   “engine system” means the engine, the emission control system and the communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine system electronic control unit(s) (ECU) and any other powertrain or vehicle control unit.
         3.1.8.   “engine type” means a category of engines which do not differ in essential engine characteristics.
         3.1.9.   “exhaust after-treatment system” means a catalyst (oxidation or 3-way), particulate filter, deNOx system, combined deNOx particulate filter or any other emission-reducing device that is installed downstream of the engine. This definition excludes exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), which is considered an integral part of the engine.
         3.1.10.   “full flow dilution method” means the process of mixing the total exhaust flow with diluent prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis.
         3.1.11.   “gaseous pollutants” means carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1,85 for diesel, CH2,525 for LPG and CH2.93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0,5 for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ratio of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen (expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent).
         3.1.12.   “high speed (n
            hi)” means the highest engine speed where 70 per cent of the declared maximum power occurs.
         3.1.13.   “low speed (n
            lo)” means the lowest engine speed where 55 per cent of the declared maximum power occurs.
         3.1.14.   “maximum power (Pmax)” means the maximum power in kW as specified by the manufacturer.
         3.1.15.   “maximum torque speed” means the engine speed at which the maximum torque is obtained from the engine, as specified by the manufacturer.
         3.1.16.   “normalised torque” means engine torque in per cent normalised to the maximum available torque at an engine speed.
         3.1.17.   “operator demand” means an engine operator's input to control engine output. The operator may be a person (i.e. manual), or a governor (i.e. automatic) that mechanically or electronically signals an input that demands engine output. Input may be from an accelerator pedal or signal, a throttle-control lever or signal, a fuel lever or signal, a speed lever or signal, or a governor setpoint or signal.
         3.1.18.   “parent engine” means an engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics are representative for that engine family.
         3.1.19.   “particulate after-treatment device” means an exhaust after-treatment system designed to reduce emissions of particulate pollutants (PM) through a mechanical, aerodynamic, diffusional or inertial separation.
         3.1.20.   “partial flow dilution method” means the process of separating a part from the total exhaust flow, then mixing it with an appropriate amount of diluent prior to the particulate sampling filter.
         3.1.21.   “particulate matter (PM)” means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with a clean filtered diluent to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C); this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.
         3.1.22.   “periodic regeneration” means the regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of normal engine operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards may be exceeded.
         3.1.23.   “ramped steady state test cycle” means a test cycle with a sequence of steady state engine test modes with defined speed and torque criteria at each mode and defined ramps between these modes (WHSC).
         3.1.24.   “rated speed” means the maximum full load speed allowed by the governor as specified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature, or, if such a governor is not present, the speed at which the maximum power is obtained from the engine, as specified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature.
         3.1.25.   “response time” means the difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 90 per cent of the final reading (t90) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point, whereby the change of the measured component is at least 60 per cent full scale (FS) and takes place in less than 0,1 second. The system response time consists of the delay time to the system and of the rise time of the system.
         3.1.26.   “rise time” means the difference in time between the 10 per cent and 90 per cent response of the final reading (t
            90 – t
            10).
         3.1.27.   “span response” means the mean response to a span gas during a 30 s time interval.
         3.1.28.   “specific emissions” means the mass emissions expressed in g/kWh.
         3.1.29.   “test cycle” means a sequence of test points each with a defined speed and torque to be followed by the engine under steady state (WHSC) or transient operating conditions (WHTC).
         3.1.30.   “transformation time” means the difference in time between the change of the component to be measured at the reference point and a system response of 50 per cent of the final reading (t
            50) with the sampling probe being defined as the reference point. The transformation time is used for the signal alignment of different measurement instruments.
         3.1.31.   “transient test cycle” means a test cycle with a sequence of normalised speed and torque values that vary relatively quickly with time (WHTC).
         3.1.32.   “useful life” means the relevant period of distance and/or time over which compliance with the relevant gaseous and particulate emission limits has to be assured.
         3.1.33.   “zero response” means the mean response to a zero gas during a 30 s time interval.
         
            
         3.2.   General symbols
         
                     Symbol
                  
                  
                     Unit
                  
                  
                     Term
                  
               
                     
                        a
                        1
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Slope of the regression
                  
               
                     
                        a
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     y intercept of the regression
                  
               
                     
                        A/F
                        st
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio
                  
               
                     
                        c
                     
                  
                  
                     ppm/Vol per cent
                  
                  
                     Concentration
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     ppm/Vol per cent
                  
                  
                     Concentration on dry basis
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        w
                     
                  
                  
                     ppm/Vol per cent
                  
                  
                     Concentration on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     ppm/Vol per cent
                  
                  
                     Background concentration
                  
               
                     
                        C
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Discharge coefficient of SSV
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     ppm/Vol per cent
                  
                  
                     Concentration on the gaseous components
                  
               
                     
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     m
                  
                  
                     Diameter
                  
               
                     
                        d
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     m
                  
                  
                     Throat diameter of venturi
                  
               
                     
                        D
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/s
                  
                  
                     PDP calibration intercept
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dilution factor
                  
               
                     
                        Δt
                     
                  
                  
                     s
                  
                  
                     Time interval
                  
               
                     
                        e
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kWh
                  
                  
                     Specific emission of gaseous components
                  
               
                     
                        e
                        PM
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kWh
                  
                  
                     Specific emission of particulates
                  
               
                     
                        e
                        r
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kWh
                  
                  
                     Specific emission during regeneration
                  
               
                     
                        e
                        w
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kWh
                  
                  
                     Weighted specific emission
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     CO2 quench of NOx analyser
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        E
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     Ethane efficiency
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        H2O
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     Water quench of NOx analyser
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        M
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     Methane efficiency
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     Efficiency of NOx converter
                  
               
                     
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     Hz
                  
                  
                     Data sampling rate
                  
               
                     
                        f
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Laboratory atmospheric factor
                  
               
                     
                        F
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Stoichiometric factor
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kg
                  
                  
                     Absolute humidity of the intake air
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     g/kg
                  
                  
                     Absolute humidity of the diluent
                  
               
                     
                        i
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Subscript denoting an instantaneous measurement (e.g. 1 Hz)
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        c
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Carbon specific factor
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        f,d
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/kg fuel
                  
                  
                     Combustion additional volume of dry exhaust
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        f,w
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/kg fuel
                  
                  
                     Combustion additional volume of wet exhaust
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        h,D
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Humidity correction factor for NOx for CI engines
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        h,G
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Humidity correction factor for NOx for PI engines
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        r,u
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Upward regeneration adjustment factor
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        r,d
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Downward regeneration adjustment factor
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        w,a
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dry to wet correction factor for the intake air
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        w,d
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dry to wet correction factor for the diluent
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        w,e
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dry to wet correction factor for the diluted exhaust gas
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        w,r
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dry to wet correction factor for the raw exhaust gas
                  
               
                     
                        K
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     CFV calibration function
                  
               
                     
                        λ
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Excess air ratio
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     mg
                  
                  
                     Particulate sample mass of the diluent collected
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Mass of the diluent sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Total diluted exhaust mass over the cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        edf
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas over the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ew
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Total exhaust mass over the cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     g
                  
                  
                     Mass of gaseous emissions over the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     mg
                  
                  
                     Particulate sampling filter mass
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     mg
                  
                  
                     Particulate sample mass collected
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        PM
                     
                  
                  
                     g
                  
                  
                     Mass of particulate emissions over the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        se
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Exhaust sample mass over the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sed
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the dilution tunnel
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ssd
                     
                  
                  
                     kg
                  
                  
                     Mass of secondary diluent
                  
               
                     
                        M
                     
                  
                  
                     Nm
                  
                  
                     Torque
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     g/mol
                  
                  
                     Molar mass of the intake air
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     g/mol
                  
                  
                     Molar mass of the diluent
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     g/mol
                  
                  
                     Molar mass of the exhaust
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     Nm
                  
                  
                     Torque absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be fitted
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     g/mol
                  
                  
                     Molar mass of gaseous components
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        r
                     
                  
                  
                     Nm
                  
                  
                     Torque absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be removed
                  
               
                     n
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Number of measurements
                  
               
                     nr
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Number of measurements with regeneration
                  
               
                     
                        n
                     
                  
                  
                     min–1
                     
                  
                  
                     Engine rotational speed
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        hi
                     
                  
                  
                     min–1
                     
                  
                  
                     High engine speed
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        lo
                     
                  
                  
                     min–1
                     
                  
                  
                     Low engine speed
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        pref
                     
                  
                  
                     min–1
                     
                  
                  
                     Preferred engine speed
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     r/s
                  
                  
                     PDP pump speed
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     kPa
                  
                  
                     Saturation vapour pressure of engine intake air
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     kPa
                  
                  
                     Total atmospheric pressure
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     kPa
                  
                  
                     Saturation vapour pressure of the diluent
                  
               
                     
                        P
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     kW
                  
                  
                     Power absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be fitted
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     kPa
                  
                  
                     Absolute pressure
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        r
                     
                  
                  
                     kW
                  
                  
                     Water vapour pressure after cooling bath
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     kPa
                  
                  
                     Dry atmospheric pressure
                  
               
                     
                        P
                     
                  
                  
                     kW
                  
                  
                     Power
                  
               
                     
                        P
                        r
                     
                  
                  
                     kW
                  
                  
                     Power absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be removed
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mad
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Intake air mass flow rate on dry basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           maw
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Intake air mass flow rate on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mCe
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Carbon mass flow rate in the raw exhaust gas
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mCf
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Carbon mass flow rate into the engine
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mCp
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Carbon mass flow rate in the partial flow dilution system
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mdew
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mdw
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Diluent mass flow rate on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           medf
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mex
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Sample mass flow rate extracted from dilution tunnel
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mf
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Fuel mass flow rate
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mp
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/s
                  
                  
                     Sample flow of exhaust gas into partial flow dilution system
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           vCVS
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/s
                  
                  
                     CVS volume rate
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           vs
                     
                  
                  
                     dm3/min
                  
                  
                     System flow rate of exhaust analyser system
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           vt
                     
                  
                  
                     cm3/min
                  
                  
                     Tracer gas flow rate
                  
               
                     
                        r2
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Coefficient of determination
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Dilution ratio
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Diameter ratio of SSV
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        h
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Hydrocarbon response factor of the FID
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        m
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Methanol response factor of the FID
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Pressure ratio of SSV
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Average sample ratio
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/m3
                     
                  
                  
                     Density
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     kg/m3
                     
                  
                  
                     Exhaust gas density
                  
               
                     
                        σ
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Standard deviation
                  
               
                     
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     Standard deviation
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     K
                  
                  
                     Absolute temperature
                  
               
                     
                        T
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     K
                  
                  
                     Absolute temperature of the intake air
                  
               
                     
                        t
                     
                  
                  
                     s
                  
                  
                     Time
                  
               
                     
                        t
                        10
                     
                  
                  
                     s
                  
                  
                     Time between step input and 10 per cent of final reading
                  
               
                     
                        t
                        50
                     
                  
                  
                     s
                  
                  
                     Time between step input and 50 per cent of final reading
                  
               
                     
                        t
                        90
                     
                  
                  
                     s
                  
                  
                     Time between step input and 90 per cent of final reading
                  
               
                     
                        u
                     
                  
                  
                     —
                  
                  
                     Ratio between the densities (or molar masses) of the gas components and the exhaust gas divided by 1 000
                  
               
                     
                        V
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/r
                  
                  
                     PDP gas volume pumped per revolution
                  
               
                     
                        V
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     dm3
                     
                  
                  
                     System volume of exhaust analyser bench
                  
               
                     
                        W
                        act
                     
                  
                  
                     kWh
                  
                  
                     Actual cycle work of the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        W
                        ref
                     
                  
                  
                     kWh
                  
                  
                     Reference cycle work of the test cycle
                  
               
                     
                        X
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     m3/r
                  
                  
                     PDP calibration function
                  
               3.3.   Symbols and abbreviations for the fuel composition
         
                     
                        w
                        ALF
                     
                  
                  
                     hydrogen content of fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        BET
                     
                  
                  
                     carbon content of fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        GAM
                     
                  
                  
                     sulphur content of fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        DEL
                     
                  
                  
                     nitrogen content of fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        EPS
                     
                  
                  
                     oxygen content of fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        α
                     
                  
                  
                     molar hydrogen ratio (H/C)
                  
               
                     
                        γ
                     
                  
                  
                     molar sulphur ratio (S/C)
                  
               
                     
                        δ
                     
                  
                  
                     molar nitrogen ratio (N/C)
                  
               
                     
                        ε
                     
                  
                  
                     molar oxygen ratio (O/C)
                  
               referring to a fuel CH
               α
            O
               ε
            N
               δ
            S
               γ
            
         
         3.4.   Symbols and abbreviations for the chemical components
         
                     C1
                  
                  
                     Carbon 1 equivalent hydrocarbon
                  
               
                     CH4
                     
                  
                  
                     Methane
                  
               
                     C2H6
                     
                  
                  
                     Ethane
                  
               
                     C3H8
                     
                  
                  
                     Propane
                  
               
                     CO
                  
                  
                     Carbon monoxide
                  
               
                     CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     Carbon dioxide
                  
               
                     DOP
                  
                  
                     Di-octylphtalate
                  
               
                     HC
                  
                  
                     Hydrocarbons
                  
               
                     H2O
                  
                  
                     Water
                  
               
                     NMHC
                  
                  
                     Non-methane hydrocarbons
                  
               
                     NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     Oxides of nitrogen
                  
               
                     NO
                  
                  
                     Nitric oxide
                  
               
                     NO2
                     
                  
                  
                     Nitrogen dioxide
                  
               
                     PM
                  
                  
                     Particulate matter
                  
               3.5.   Abbreviations
         
                     CFV
                  
                  
                     Critical Flow Venturi
                  
               
                     CLD
                  
                  
                     Chemiluminescent Detector
                  
               
                     CVS
                  
                  
                     Constant Volume Sampling
                  
               
                     deNOx
                     
                  
                  
                     NOx after-treatment system
                  
               
                     EGR
                  
                  
                     Exhaust gas recirculation
                  
               
                     FID
                  
                  
                     Flame Ionisation Detector
                  
               
                     GC
                  
                  
                     Gas Chromatograph
                  
               
                     HCLD
                  
                  
                     Heated Chemiluminescent Detector
                  
               
                     HFID
                  
                  
                     Heated Flame Ionisation Detector
                  
               
                     LPG
                  
                  
                     Liquefied Petroleum Gas
                  
               
                     NDIR
                  
                  
                     Non-Dispersive Infrared (Analyser)
                  
               
                     NG
                  
                  
                     Natural Gas
                  
               
                     NMC
                  
                  
                     Non-Methane Cutter
                  
               
                     PDP
                  
                  
                     Positive Displacement Pump
                  
               
                     Per cent FS
                  
                  
                     Per cent of full scale
                  
               
                     PFS
                  
                  
                     Partial Flow System
                  
               
                     SSV
                  
                  
                     Subsonic Venturi
                  
               
                     VGT
                  
                  
                     Variable Geometry Turbine
                  
               4.   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
         The engine system shall be so designed, constructed and assembled as to enable the engine in normal use to comply with the provisions of this Annex during its useful life, as defined in this Regulation, including when installed in the vehicle.
         5.   PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
         5.1.   Emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants
         The emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants by the engine shall be determined on the WHTC and WHSC test cycles, as described in paragraph 7. The measurement systems shall meet the linearity requirements in paragraph 9.2 and the specifications in paragraph 9.3 (gaseous emissions measurement), paragraph 9.4 (particulate measurement) and in Appendix 3.
         Other systems or analysers may be approved by the type approval authority, if it is found that they yield equivalent results in accordance with paragraph 5.1.1.
         5.1.1.   Equivalency
         The determination of system equivalency shall be based on a seven-sample pair (or larger) correlation study between the system under consideration and one of the systems of this Annex.
         “Results” refer to the specific cycle weighted emissions value. The correlation testing is to be performed at the same laboratory, test cell, and on the same engine, and is preferred to be run concurrently. The equivalency of the sample pair averages shall be determined by F-test and t-test statistics as described in Appendix 4, paragraph A.4.3, obtained under the laboratory test cell and the engine conditions described above. Outliers shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5725 and excluded from the database. The systems to be used for correlation testing shall be subject to the approval by the type approval authority.
         5.2.   Engine family
         5.2.1.   General
         An engine family is characterised by design parameters. These shall be common to all engines within the family. The engine manufacturer may decide which engines belong to an engine family, as long as the membership criteria listed in paragraph 5.2.3 are respected. The engine family shall be approved by the type approval authority. The manufacturer shall provide to the type approval authority the appropriate information relating to the emission levels of the members of the engine family.
         5.2.2.   Special cases
         In some cases there may be interaction between parameters. This shall be taken into consideration to ensure that only engines with similar exhaust emission characteristics are included within the same engine family. These cases shall be identified by the manufacturer and notified to the type approval authority. It shall then be taken into account as a criterion for creating a new engine family.
         In case of devices or features, which are not listed in paragraph 5.2.3 and which have a strong influence on the level of emissions, this equipment shall be identified by the manufacturer on the basis of good engineering practice, and shall be notified to the type approval authority. It shall then be taken into account as a criterion for creating a new engine family.
         In addition to the parameters listed in paragraph 5.2.3, the manufacturer may introduce additional criteria allowing the definition of families of more restricted size. These parameters are not necessarily parameters that have an influence on the level of emissions.
         5.2.3.   Parameters defining the engine family
         5.2.3.1.   Combustion cycle
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     2-stroke cycle
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     4-stroke cycle
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Rotary engine
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Others
                  
               5.2.3.2.   Configuration of the cylinders
         5.2.3.2.1.   Position of the cylinders in the block
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     V
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     In line
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Radial
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Others (F, W, etc.)
                  
               5.2.3.2.2.   Relative position of the cylinders
         Engines with the same block may belong to the same family as long as their bore centre-to-centre dimensions are the same.
         5.2.3.3.   Main cooling medium
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     air
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     water
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     oil
                  
               5.2.3.4.   Individual cylinder displacement
         5.2.3.4.1.   Engine with a unit cylinder displacement ≥ 0,75 dm3
         
         In order for engines with a unit cylinder displacement of ≥ 0,75 dm3 to be considered to belong to the same engine family, the spread of their individual cylinder displacements shall not exceed 15 per cent of the largest individual cylinder displacement within the family.
         5.2.3.4.2.   Engine with a unit cylinder displacement < 0,75 dm3
         
         In order for engines with a unit cylinder displacement of < 0,75 dm3 to be considered to belong to the same engine family, the spread of their individual cylinder displacements shall not exceed 30 per cent of the largest individual cylinder displacement within the family.
         5.2.3.4.3.   Engine with other unit cylinder displacement limits
         Engines with an individual cylinder displacement that exceeds the limits defined in paragraphs 5.2.3.4.1 and 5.2.3.4.2 may be considered to belong to the same family with the approval of the type approval authority. The approval shall be based on technical elements (calculations, simulations, experimental results etc.) showing that exceeding the limits does not have a significant influence on the exhaust emissions.
         5.2.3.5.   Method of air aspiration
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Naturally aspirated
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Pressure charged
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Pressure charged with charge cooler
                  
               5.2.3.6.   Fuel type
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Diesel
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Natural gas (NG)
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Ethanol
                  
               5.2.3.7.   Combustion chamber type
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Open chamber
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Divided chamber
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Other types
                  
               5.2.3.8.   Ignition Type
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Positive ignition
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Compression ignition
                  
               5.2.3.9.   Valves and porting
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Configuration
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Number of valves per cylinder
                  
               5.2.3.10.   Fuel supply type
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Liquid fuel supply type
                     
                                 (i)
                              
                              
                                 Pump and (high pressure) line and injector
                              
                           
                                 (ii)
                              
                              
                                 In-line or distributor pump
                              
                           
                                 (iii)
                              
                              
                                 Unit pump or unit injector
                              
                           
                                 (iv)
                              
                              
                                 Common rail
                              
                           
                                 (v)
                              
                              
                                 Carburettor(s)
                              
                           
                                 (vi)
                              
                              
                                 Others
                              
                           
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Gas fuel supply type
                     
                                 (i)
                              
                              
                                 Gaseous
                              
                           
                                 (ii)
                              
                              
                                 Liquid
                              
                           
                                 (iii)
                              
                              
                                 Mixing units
                              
                           
                                 (iv)
                              
                              
                                 Others
                              
                           
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Other types
                  
               5.2.3.11.   Miscellaneous devices
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Water injection
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Air injection
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Others
                  
               5.2.3.12.   Electronic control strategy
         The presence or absence of an electronic control unit (ECU) on the engine is regarded as a basic parameter of the family.
         In the case of electronically controlled engines, the manufacturer shall present the technical elements explaining the grouping of these engines in the same family, i.e. the reasons why these engines can be expected to satisfy the same emission requirements.
         These elements can be calculations, simulations, estimations, description of injection parameters, experimental results, etc.
         Examples of controlled features are:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Timing
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Injection pressure
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Multiple injections
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Boost pressure
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     VGT
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     EGR
                  
               5.2.3.13.   Exhaust after-treatment systems
         The function and combination of the following devices are regarded as membership criteria for an engine family:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Oxidation catalyst
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Three-way catalyst
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     DeNOx system with selective reduction of NOx (addition of reducing agent)
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Other DeNOx systems
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     Particulate trap with passive regeneration
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     Particulate trap with active regeneration
                  
               
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     Other particulate traps
                  
               
                     (h)
                  
                  
                     Other devices
                  
               When an engine has been certified without after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of the family, then this engine, when equipped with an oxidation catalyst, may be included in the same engine family, if it does not require different fuel characteristics.
         If it requires specific fuel characteristics (e.g. particulate traps requiring special additives in the fuel to ensure the regeneration process), the decision to include it in the same family shall be based on technical elements provided by the manufacturer. These elements shall indicate that the expected emission level of the equipped engine complies with the same limit value as the non-equipped engine.
         When an engine has been certified with after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of a family, whose parent engine is equipped with the same after-treatment system, then this engine, when equipped without after-treatment system, shall not be added to the same engine family.
         5.2.4.   Choice of the parent engine
         5.2.4.1.   Compression ignition engines
         Once the engine family has been agreed by the type approval authority, the parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criterion of the highest fuel delivery per stroke at the declared maximum torque speed. In the event that two or more engines share this primary criterion, the parent engine shall be selected using the secondary criterion of highest fuel delivery per stroke at rated speed.
         5.2.4.2.   Positive ignition engines
         Once the engine family has been agreed by the type approval authority, the parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criterion of the largest displacement. In the event that two or more engines share this primary criterion, the parent engine shall be selected using the secondary criterion in the following order of priority:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the highest fuel delivery per stroke at the speed of declared rated power;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the most advanced spark timing;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     the lowest EGR rate.
                  
               5.2.4.3.   Remarks on the choice of the parent engine
         The type approval authority may conclude that the worst-case emission of the family can best be characterised by testing additional engines. In this case, the engine manufacturer shall submit the appropriate information to determine the engines within the family likely to have the highest emissions level.
         If engines within the family incorporate other features which may be considered to affect exhaust emissions, these features shall also be identified and taken into account in the selection of the parent engine.
         If engines within the family meet the same emission values over different useful life periods, this shall be taken into account in the selection of the parent engine.
         6.   TEST CONDITIONS
         6.1.   Laboratory test conditions
         The absolute temperature (T
            a) of the engine intake air expressed in Kelvin, and the dry atmospheric pressure (p
            s), expressed in kPa shall be measured and the parameter f
            a shall be determined according to the following provisions. In multi-cylinder engines having distinct groups of intake manifolds, such as in a “Vee” engine configuration, the average temperature of the distinct groups shall be taken. The parameter f
            a shall be reported with the test results. For better repeatability and reproducibility of the test results, it is recommended that the parameter f
            a be such that: 0,93 ≤ f
            a ≤ 1,07.
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Compression-ignition engines:
                     Naturally aspirated and mechanically supercharged engines:
                     
                         (1)
                     Turbocharged engines with or without cooling of the intake air:
                     
                         (2)
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Positive ignition engines:
                     
                         (3)
                  
               6.2.   Engines with charge air-cooling
         The charge air temperature shall be recorded and shall be, at the rated speed and full load, within ± 5 K of the maximum charge air temperature specified by the manufacturer. The temperature of the cooling medium shall be at least 293 K (20 °C).
         If a test laboratory system or external blower is used, the coolant flow rate shall be set to achieve a charge air temperature within ± 5 K of the maximum charge air temperature specified by the manufacturer at the rated speed and full load. Coolant temperature and coolant flow rate of the charge air cooler at the above set point shall not be changed for the whole test cycle, unless this results in unrepresentative overcooling of the charge air. The charge air cooler volume shall be based upon good engineering practice and shall be representative of the production engine's in-use installation. The laboratory system shall be designed to minimise accumulation of condensate. Any accumulated condensate shall be drained and all drains shall be completely closed before emission testing.
         If the engine manufacturer specifies pressure-drop limits across the charge-air cooling system, it shall be ensured that the pressure drop across the charge-air cooling system at engine conditions specified by the manufacturer is within the manufacturer's specified limit(s). The pressure drop shall be measured at the manufacturer's specified locations.
         6.3.   Engine power
         The basis of specific emissions measurement is engine power and cycle work as determined in accordance with paragraphs 6.3.1 to 6.3.5.
         6.3.1.   General engine installation
         The engine shall be tested with the auxiliaries/equipment listed in Appendix 7.
         If auxiliaries/equipment are not installed as required, their power shall be taken into account in accordance with paragraphs 6.3.2 to 6.3.5.
         6.3.2.   Auxiliaries/equipment to be fitted for the emissions test
         If it is inappropriate to install the auxiliaries/equipment required according to Appendix 7 on the test bench, the power absorbed by them shall be determined and subtracted from the measured engine power (reference and actual) over the whole engine speed range of the WHTC and over the test speeds of the WHSC.
         6.3.3.   Auxiliaries/equipment to be removed for the test
         Where the auxiliaries/equipment not required according to Appendix 7 cannot be removed, the power absorbed by them may be determined and added to the measured engine power (reference and actual) over the whole engine speed range of the WHTC and over the test speeds of the WHSC. If this value is greater than 3 per cent of the maximum power at the test speed it shall be demonstrated to the type approval authority.
         6.3.4.   Determination of auxiliary power
         The power absorbed by the auxiliaries/equipment needs only be determined, if
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     auxiliaries/equipment required according to Appendix 7, are not fitted to the engine
                     and/or
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     auxiliaries/equipment not required according to Appendix 7, are fitted to the engine.
                  
               The values of auxiliary power and the measurement/calculation method for determining auxiliary power shall be submitted by the engine manufacturer for the whole operating area of the test cycles, and approved by the type approval authority.
         6.3.5.   Engine cycle work
         The calculation of reference and actual cycle work (see paragraphs 7.4.8 and 7.8.6) shall be based upon engine power according to paragraph 6.3.1. In this case, P
            f and P
            r of equation 4 are zero, and P equals P
            m.
         If auxiliaries/equipment are installed according to paragraphs 6.3.2 and/or 6.3.3, the power absorbed by them shall be used to correct each instantaneous cycle power value P
            m,i, as follows:
         
             (4)
         where:
         
                     
                        P
                        m,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the measured engine power, kW
                  
               
                     
                        P
                        f,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the power absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be fitted, kW
                  
               
                     
                        P
                        r,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the power absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be removed, kW
                  
               6.4.   Engine air intake system
         An engine air intake system or a test laboratory system shall be used presenting an air intake restriction within ± 300 Pa of the maximum value specified by the manufacturer for a clean air cleaner at the rated speed and full load. The static differential pressure of the restriction shall be measured at the location specified by the manufacturer.
         6.5.   Engine exhaust system
         An engine exhaust system or a test laboratory system shall be used presenting an exhaust backpressure within 80 to 100 per cent of the maximum value specified by the manufacturer at the rated speed and full load. If the maximum restriction is 5 kPa or less, the set point shall be no less than 1,0 kPa from the maximum. The exhaust system shall conform to the requirements for exhaust gas sampling, as set out in paragraphs 9.3.10 and 9.3.11.
         6.6.   Engine with exhaust after-treatment system
         If the engine is equipped with an exhaust after-treatment system, the exhaust pipe shall have the same diameter as found in-use, or as specified by the manufacturer, for at least four pipe diameters upstream of the expansion section containing the after-treatment device. The distance from the exhaust manifold flange or turbocharger outlet to the exhaust after-treatment system shall be the same as in the vehicle configuration or within the distance specifications of the manufacturer. The exhaust backpressure or restriction shall follow the same criteria as above, and may be set with a valve. For variable-restriction after-treatment devices, the maximum exhaust restriction is defined at the after-treatment condition (de-greening/aging and regeneration/loading level) specified by the manufacturer. If the maximum restriction is 5 kPa or less, the set point shall be no less than 1,0 kPa from the maximum. The after-treatment container may be removed during dummy tests and during engine mapping, and replaced with an equivalent container having an inactive catalyst support.
         The emissions measured on the test cycle shall be representative of the emissions in the field. In the case of an engine equipped with a exhaust after-treatment system that requires the consumption of a reagent, the reagent used for all tests shall be declared by the manufacturer.
         Engines equipped with exhaust after-treatment systems with continuous regeneration do not require a special test procedure, but the regeneration process needs to be demonstrated according to paragraph 6.6.1.
         For engines equipped with exhaust after-treatment systems that are regenerated on a periodic basis, as described in paragraph 6.6.2, emission results shall be adjusted to account for regeneration events. In this case, the average emission depends on the frequency of the regeneration event in terms of fraction of tests during which the regeneration occurs.
         6.6.1.   Continuous regeneration
         The emissions shall be measured on an after-treatment system that has been stabilised so as to result in repeatable emissions behaviour. The regeneration process shall occur at least once during the WHTC hot start test and the manufacturer shall declare the normal conditions under which regeneration occurs (soot load, temperature, exhaust back-pressure, etc.).
         In order to demonstrate that the regeneration process is continuous, at least three WHTC hot start tests shall be conducted. For the purpose of this demonstration, the engine shall be warmed up in accordance with paragraph 7.4.1, the engine be soaked according to paragraph 7.6.3 and the first WHTC hot start test be run. The subsequent hot start tests shall be started after soaking according to paragraph 7.6.3. During the tests, exhaust temperatures and pressures shall be recorded (temperature before and after the after-treatment system, exhaust back pressure, etc.).
         If the conditions declared by the manufacturer occur during the tests and the results of the three (or more) WHTC hot start tests do not scatter by more than ± 25 per cent or 0,005 g/kWh, whichever is greater, the after-treatment system is considered to be of the continuous regeneration type, and the general test provisions of paragraph 7.6 (WHTC) and paragraph 7.7 (WHSC) apply.
         If the exhaust after-treatment system has a security mode that shifts to a periodic regeneration mode, it shall be checked according to paragraph 6.6.2. For that specific case, the applicable emission limits may be exceeded and would not be weighted.
         6.6.2.   Periodic regeneration
         For an exhaust after-treatment based on a periodic regeneration process, the emissions shall be measured on at least three WHTC hot start tests, one with and two without a regeneration event on a stabilised after-treatment system, and the results be weighted in accordance with equation 5.
         The regeneration process shall occur at least once during the WHTC hot start test. The engine may be equipped with a switch capable of preventing or permitting the regeneration process provided this operation has no effect on the original engine calibration.
         The manufacturer shall declare the normal parameter conditions under which the regeneration process occurs (soot load, temperature, exhaust back-pressure, etc.) and its duration. The manufacturer shall also provide the frequency of the regeneration event in terms of number of tests during which the regeneration occurs compared to number of tests without regeneration. The exact procedure to determine this frequency shall be based upon in use data using good engineering judgement, and shall be agreed by the type approval or certification authority.
         The manufacturer shall provide an after-treatment system that has been loaded in order to achieve regeneration during a WHTC test. For the purpose of this testing, the engine shall be warmed up in accordance with paragraph 7.4.1, the engine be soaked according to paragraph 7.6.3 and the WHTC hot start test be started. Regeneration shall not occur during the engine warm-up.
         Average specific emissions between regeneration phases shall be determined from the arithmetic mean of several approximately equidistant WHTC hot start test results (g/kWh). As a minimum, at least one WHTC hot start test as close as possible prior to a regeneration test and one WHTC hot start test immediately after a regeneration test shall be conducted. As an alternative, the manufacturer may provide data to show that the emissions remain constant (±25 per cent or 0,005 g/kWh, whichever is greater) between regeneration phases. In this case, the emissions of only one WHTC hot start test may be used.
         During the regeneration test, all the data needed to detect regeneration shall be recorded (CO or NOx emissions, temperature before and after the after-treatment system, exhaust back pressure, etc.).
         During the regeneration test, the applicable emission limits may be exceeded.
         The test procedure is schematically shown in figure 2.
         
            
         The WHTC hot start emissions shall be weighted as follows:
         
             (5)
         where:
         
                     n
                  
                  
                     is the number of WHTC hot start tests without regeneration
                  
               
                     nr
                     
                  
                  
                     is the number of WHTC hot start tests with regeneration (minimum one test)
                  
               
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     is the average specific emission without regeneration, g/kWh
                  
               
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     is the average specific emission with regeneration, g/kWh
                  
               For the determination of , the following provisions apply:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     If regeneration takes more than one hot start WHTC, consecutive full hot start WHTC tests shall be conducted and emissions continued to be measured without soaking and without shutting the engine off, until regeneration is completed, and the average of the hot start WHTC tests be calculated.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     If regeneration is completed during any hot start WHTC, the test shall be continued over its entire length.
                  
               In agreement with the type approval authority, the regeneration adjustment factors may be applied either multiplicative (c) or additive (d) based upon good engineering analysis.
         
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     The multiplicative adjustment factors shall be calculated as follows:
                     
                         (upward) (6)
                     
                         (downward) (6a)
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     The additive adjustment factors shall be calculated as follows:
                     
                         (upward) (7)
                     
                         (downward) (8)
                  
               With reference to the specific emission calculations in paragraph 8.6.3, the regeneration adjustment factors shall be applied, as follows:
         
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     for a test without regeneration, k
                        r,u shall be multiplied with or be added to, respectively, the specific emission e in equations 69 or 70,
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     for a test with regeneration, k
                        r,d shall be multiplied with or be subtracted from, respectively, the specific emission e in equations 69 or 70.
                  
               At the request of the manufacturer, the regeneration adjustment factors
         
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     may be extended to other members of the same engine family,
                  
               
                     (h)
                  
                  
                     may be extended to other engine families using the same after-treatment system with the prior approval of the type approval or certification authority based on technical evidence to be supplied by the manufacturer, that the emissions are similar.
                  
               6.7.   Cooling system
         An engine cooling system with sufficient capacity to maintain the engine at normal operating temperatures prescribed by the manufacturer shall be used.
         6.8.   Lubricating oil
         The lubricating oil shall be specified by the manufacturer and be representative of lubricating oil available on the market; the specifications of the lubricating oil used for the test shall be recorded and presented with the results of the test.
         6.9.   Specification of the reference fuel
         The reference fuel is specified in Appendix 2 of this Annex for CI engines and in Annexes 6 and 7 for CNG and LPG fuelled engines.
         The fuel temperature shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
         6.10.   Crankcase emissions
         No crankcase emissions shall be discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere, with the following exception: engines equipped with turbochargers, pumps, blowers, or superchargers for air induction may discharge crankcase emissions to the ambient atmosphere if the emissions are added to the exhaust emissions (either physically or mathematically) during all emission testing. Manufacturers taking advantage of this exception shall install the engines so that all crankcase emission can be routed into the emissions sampling system.
         For the purpose of this paragraph, crankcase emissions that are routed into the exhaust upstream of exhaust after-treatment during all operation are not considered to be discharged directly into the ambient atmosphere.
         Open crankcase emissions shall be routed into the exhaust system for emission measurement, as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     The tubing materials shall be smooth-walled, electrically conductive, and not reactive with crankcase emissions. Tube lengths shall be minimised as far as possible.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     The number of bends in the laboratory crankcase tubing shall be minimised, and the radius of any unavoidable bend shall be maximised.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     The laboratory crankcase exhaust tubing shall be heated, thin-walled or insulated and shall meet the engine manufacturer’s specifications for crankcase back pressure.
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     The crankcase exhaust tubing shall connect into the raw exhaust downstream of any after-treatment system, downstream of any installed exhaust restriction, and sufficiently upstream of any sample probes to ensure complete mixing with the engine’s exhaust before sampling. The crankcase exhaust tube shall extend into the free stream of exhaust to avoid boundary-layer effects and to promote mixing. The crankcase exhaust tube’s outlet may orient in any direction relative to the raw exhaust flow.
                  
               7.   TEST PROCEDURES
         7.1.   Principles of emissions measurement
         To measure the specific emissions, the engine shall be operated over the test cycles defined in paragraphs 7.2.1 and 7.2.2. The measurement of specific emissions requires the determination of the mass of components in the exhaust and the corresponding engine cycle work. The components are determined by the sampling methods described in paragraphs 7.1.1 and 7.1.2.
         7.1.1.   Continuous sampling
         In continuous sampling, the component’s concentration is measured continuously from raw or dilute exhaust. This concentration is multiplied by the continuous (raw or dilute) exhaust flow rate at the emission sampling location to determine the component’s mass flow rate. The component’s emission is continuously summed over the test cycle. This sum is the total mass of the emitted component.
         7.1.2.   Batch sampling
         In batch sampling, a sample of raw or dilute exhaust is continuously extracted and stored for later measurement. The extracted sample shall be proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. Examples of batch sampling are collecting diluted gaseous components in a bag and collecting particulate matter (PM) on a filter. The batch sampled concentrations are multiplied by the total exhaust mass or mass flow (raw or dilute) from which it was extracted during the test cycle. This product is the total mass or mass flow of the emitted component. To calculate the PM concentration, the PM deposited onto a filter from proportionally extracted exhaust shall be divided by the amount of filtered exhaust.
         7.1.3.   Measurement procedures
         This annex applies two measurement procedures that are functionally equivalent. Both procedures may be used for both the WHTC and the WHSC test cycle:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the gaseous components are sampled continuously in the raw exhaust gas, and the particulates are determined using a partial flow dilution system;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the gaseous components and the particulates are determined using a full flow dilution system (CVS system).
                  
               Any combination of the two principles (e.g. raw gaseous measurement and full flow particulate measurement) is permitted.
         7.2.   Test cycles
         7.2.1.   Transient test cycle WHTC
         The transient test cycle WHTC is listed in Appendix 1 as a second-by-second sequence of normalised speed and torque values. In order to perform the test on an engine test cell, the normalised values shall be converted to the actual values for the individual engine under test based on the engine-mapping curve. The conversion is referred to as denormalisation, and the test cycle so developed as the reference cycle of the engine to be tested. With those reference speed and torque values, the cycle shall be run on the test cell, and the actual speed, torque and power values shall be recorded. In order to validate the test run, a regression analysis between reference and actual speed, torque and power values shall be conducted upon completion of the test.
         For calculation of the brake specific emissions, the actual cycle work shall be calculated by integrating actual engine power over the cycle. For cycle validation, the actual cycle work shall be within prescribed limits of the reference cycle work.
         For the gaseous pollutants, continuous sampling (raw or dilute exhaust gas) or batch sampling (dilute exhaust gas) may be used. The particulate sample shall be diluted with a conditioned diluent (such as ambient air), and collected on a single suitable filter. The WHTC is shown schematically in figure 3.
         
            
         7.2.2.   Ramped steady state test cycle WHSC
         The ramped steady state test cycle WHSC consists of a number of normalised speed and load modes which shall be converted to the reference values for the individual engine under test based on the engine-mapping curve. The engine shall be operated for the prescribed time in each mode, whereby engine speed and load shall be changed linearly within 20 ± 1 seconds. In order to validate the test run, a regression analysis between reference and actual speed, torque and power values shall be conducted upon completion of the test.
         The concentration of each gaseous pollutant, exhaust flow and power output shall be determined over the test cycle. The gaseous pollutants may be recorded continuously or sampled into a sampling bag. The particulate sample shall be diluted with a conditioned diluent (such as ambient air). One sample over the complete test procedure shall be taken, and collected on a single suitable filter.
         For calculation of the brake specific emissions, the actual cycle work shall be calculated by integrating actual engine power over the cycle.
         The WHSC is shown in table 1. Except for mode 1, the start of each mode is defined as the beginning of the ramp from the previous mode.
         Table 1
         WHSC test cycle
         
                     Mode
                  
                  
                     Normalised speed
                     (per cent)
                  
                  
                     Normalised torque
                     (per cent)
                  
                  
                     Mode length(s)
                     incl. 20 s ramp
                  
               
                     1
                  
                  
                     0
                  
                  
                     0
                  
                  
                     210
                  
               
                     2
                  
                  
                     55
                  
                  
                     100
                  
                  
                     50
                  
               
                     3
                  
                  
                     55
                  
                  
                     25
                  
                  
                     250
                  
               
                     4
                  
                  
                     55
                  
                  
                     70
                  
                  
                     75
                  
               
                     5
                  
                  
                     35
                  
                  
                     100
                  
                  
                     50
                  
               
                     6
                  
                  
                     25
                  
                  
                     25
                  
                  
                     200
                  
               
                     7
                  
                  
                     45
                  
                  
                     70
                  
                  
                     75
                  
               
                     8
                  
                  
                     45
                  
                  
                     25
                  
                  
                     150
                  
               
                     9
                  
                  
                     55
                  
                  
                     50
                  
                  
                     125
                  
               
                     10
                  
                  
                     75
                  
                  
                     100
                  
                  
                     50
                  
               
                     11
                  
                  
                     35
                  
                  
                     50
                  
                  
                     200
                  
               
                     12
                  
                  
                     35
                  
                  
                     25
                  
                  
                     250
                  
               
                     13
                  
                  
                     0
                  
                  
                     0
                  
                  
                     210
                  
               
                     Sum
                  
                  
                     1 895
                  
               7.3.   General test sequence
         The following flow chart outlines the general guidance that should be followed during testing. The details of each step are described in the relevant paragraphs. Deviations from the guidance are permitted where appropriate, but the specific requirements of the relevant paragraphs are mandatory.
         For the WHTC, the test procedure consists of a cold start test following either natural or forced cool-down of the engine, a hot soak period and a hot start test.
         For the WHSC, the test procedure consists of a hot start test following engine preconditioning at WHSC mode 9.
         
            
         7.4.   Engine mapping and reference cycle
         Pre-test engine measurements, pre-test engine performance checks and pre-test system calibrations shall be made prior to the engine mapping procedure in line with the general test sequence shown in paragraph 7.3.
         As basis for WHTC and WHSC reference cycle generation, the engine shall be mapped under full load operation for determining the speed vs. maximum torque and speed vs. maximum power curves. The mapping curve shall be used for denormalising engine speed (paragraph 7.4.6) and engine torque (paragraph 7.4.7).
         7.4.1.   Engine warm-up
         The engine shall be warmed up between 75 per cent and 100 per cent of its maximum power or according to the recommendation of the manufacturer and good engineering judgment. Towards the end of the warm up it shall be operated in order to stabilise the engine coolant and lube oil temperatures to within ± 2 per cent of its mean values for at least 2 minutes or until the engine thermostat controls engine temperature.
         7.4.2.   Determination of the mapping speed range
         The minimum and maximum mapping speeds are defined as follows:
         
                     Minimum mapping speed
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     idle speed
                  
               
                     Maximum mapping speed
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        n
                        hi × 1,02 or speed where full load torque drops off to zero, whichever is smaller.
                  
               7.4.3.   Engine mapping curve
         When the engine is stabilised according to paragraph 7.4.1, the engine mapping shall be performed according to the following procedure.
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     The engine shall be unloaded and operated at idle speed.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     The engine shall be operated with maximum operator demand at minimum mapping speed.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     The engine speed shall be increased at an average rate of 8 ± 1 min–1/s from minimum to maximum mapping speed, or at a constant rate such that it takes 4 to 6 min to sweep from minimum to maximum mapping speed. Engine speed and torque points shall be recorded at a sample rate of at least one point per second.
                  
               When selecting option (b) in paragraph 7.4.7 for determining negative reference torque, the mapping curve may directly continue with minimum operator demand from maximum to minimum mapping speed.
         7.4.4.   Alternate mapping
         If a manufacturer believes that the above mapping techniques are unsafe or unrepresentative for any given engine, alternate mapping techniques may be used. These alternate techniques shall satisfy the intent of the specified mapping procedures to determine the maximum available torque at all engine speeds achieved during the test cycles. Deviations from the mapping techniques specified in this paragraph for reasons of safety or representativeness shall be approved by the type approval authority along with the justification for their use. In no case, however, the torque curve shall be run by descending engine speeds for governed or turbocharged engines.
         7.4.5.   Replicate tests
         An engine need not be mapped before each and every test cycle. An engine shall be remapped prior to a test cycle if:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     an unreasonable amount of time has transpired since the last map, as determined by engineering judgement, or
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     physical changes or recalibrations have been made to the engine which potentially affect engine performance.
                  
               7.4.6.   Denormalisation of engine speed
         For generating the reference cycles, the normalised speeds of Appendix 1 (WHTC) and table 1 (WHSC) shall be denormalised using the following equation:
         
             (9)
         For determination of n
            pref, the integral of the maximum torque shall be calculated from n
            idle to n
            95h from the engine mapping curve, as determined in accordance with paragraph 7.4.3.
         The engine speeds in figures 4 and 5 are defined, as follows:
         
                     
                        n
                        lo
                     
                  
                  
                     is the lowest speed where the power is 55 per cent of maximum power
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        pref
                     
                  
                  
                     is the engine speed where the integral of max. mapped torque is 51 per cent of the whole integral between n
                        idle and n
                        95h
                     
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        hi
                     
                  
                  
                     is the highest speed where the power is 70 per cent of maximum power
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        idle
                     
                  
                  
                     is the idle speed
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        95h
                     
                  
                  
                     is the highest speed where the power is 95 per cent of maximum power
                  
               For engines (mainly positive ignition engines) with a steep governor droop curve, where fuel cut off does not permit to operate the engine up to n
            hi or n
            95h, the following provisions apply:
         
                     
                        n
                        hi
                     
                  
                  
                     in equation 9 is replaced with n
                        Pmax × 1,02
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        95h
                     
                  
                  
                     is replaced with n
                        Pmax × 1,02
                  
               
            
         
            
         7.4.7.   Denormalisation of engine torque
         The torque values in the engine dynamometer schedule of Appendix 1 (WHTC) and in table 1 (WHSC) are normalised to the maximum torque at the respective speed. For generating the reference cycles, the torque values for each individual reference speed value as determined in paragraph 7.4.6 shall be denormalised, using the mapping curve determined according to paragraph 7.4.3, as follows:
         
             (10)
         where:
         
                     
                        M
                        norm,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the normalised torque, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        max,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the maximum torque from the mapping curve, Nm
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        f,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the torque absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be fitted, Nm
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        r,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the torque absorbed by auxiliaries/equipment to be removed, Nm
                  
               If auxiliaries/equipment are fitted in accordance with paragraph 6.3.1 and Appendix 7, M
            f and M
            r are zero.
         The negative torque values of the motoring points (m in Appendix 1) shall take on, for purposes of reference cycle generation, reference values determined in either of the following ways:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     negative 40 per cent of the positive torque available at the associated speed point;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     mapping of the negative torque required to motor the engine from maximum to minimum mapping speed;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     determination of the negative torque required to motor the engine at idle and at n
                        hi and linear interpolation between these two points.
                  
               7.4.8.   Calculation of reference cycle work
         Reference cycle work shall be determined over the test cycle by synchronously calculating instantaneous values for engine power from reference speed and reference torque, as determined in paragraphs 7.4.6 and 7.4.7. Instantaneous engine power values shall be integrated over the test cycle to calculate the reference cycle work W
            ref (kWh). If auxiliaries are not fitted in accordance with paragraph 6.3.1, the instantaneous power values shall be corrected using equation (4) in paragraph 6.3.5.
         The same methodology shall be used for integrating both reference and actual engine power. If values are to be determined between adjacent reference or adjacent measured values, linear interpolation shall be used. In integrating the actual cycle work, any negative torque values shall be set equal to zero and included. If integration is performed at a frequency of less than 5 Hz, and if, during a given time segment, the torque value changes from positive to negative or negative to positive, the negative portion shall be computed and set equal to zero. The positive portion shall be included in the integrated value.
         7.5.   Pre-test procedures
         7.5.1.   Installation of the measurement equipment
         The instrumentation and sample probes shall be installed as required. The tailpipe shall be connected to the full flow dilution system, if used.
         7.5.2.   Preparation of measurement equipment for sampling
         The following steps shall be taken before emission sampling begins:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Leak checks shall be performed within 8 hours prior to emission sampling according to paragraph 9.3.4.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     For batch sampling, clean storage media shall be connected, such as evacuated bags.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     All measurement instruments shall be started according to the instrument manufacturer’s instructions and good engineering judgment.
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Dilution systems, sample pumps, cooling fans, and the data-collection system shall be started.
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     The sample flow rates shall be adjusted to desired levels, using bypass flow, if desired.
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     Heat exchangers in the sampling system shall be pre-heated or pre-cooled to within their operating temperature ranges for a test.
                  
               
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     Heated or cooled components such as sample lines, filters, coolers, and pumps shall be allowed to stabilise at their operating temperatures.
                  
               
                     (h)
                  
                  
                     Exhaust dilution system flow shall be switched on at least 10 minutes before a test sequence.
                  
               
                     (i)
                  
                  
                     Any electronic integrating devices shall be zeroed or re-zeroed, before the start of any test interval.
                  
               7.5.3.   Checking the gas analysers
         Gas analyser ranges shall be selected. Emission analysers with automatic or manual range switching are permitted. During the test cycle, the range of the emission analysers shall not be switched. At the same time the gains of an analyser’s analogue operational amplifier(s) may not be switched during the test cycle.
         Zero and span response shall be determined for all analysers using internationally-traceable gases that meet the specifications of paragraph 9.3.3. FID analysers shall be spanned on a carbon number basis of one (C1).
         7.5.4.   Preparation of the particulate sampling filter
         At least one hour before the test, the filter shall be placed in a petri dish, which is protected against dust contamination and allows air exchange, and placed in a weighing chamber for stabilisation. At the end of the stabilisation period, the filter shall be weighed and the tare weight shall be recorded. The filter shall then be stored in a closed petri dish or sealed filter holder until needed for testing. The filter shall be used within eight hours of its removal from the weighing chamber.
         7.5.5.   Adjustment of the dilution system
         The total diluted exhaust gas flow of a full flow dilution system or the diluted exhaust gas flow through a partial flow dilution system shall be set to eliminate water condensation in the system, and to obtain a filter face temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C).
         7.5.6.   Starting the particulate sampling system
         The particulate sampling system shall be started and operated on by-pass. The particulate background level of the diluent may be determined by sampling the diluent prior to the entrance of the exhaust gas into the dilution tunnel. The measurement may be done prior to or after the test. If the measurement is done both at the beginning and at the end of the cycle, the values may be averaged. If a different sampling system is used for background measurement, the measurement shall be done in parallel to the test run.
         7.6.   WHTC cycle run
         7.6.1.   Engine cool-down
         A natural or forced cool-down procedure may be applied. For forced cool-down, good engineering judgment shall be used to set up systems to send cooling air across the engine, to send cool oil through the engine lubrication system, to remove heat from the coolant through the engine cooling system, and to remove heat from an exhaust after-treatment system. In the case of a forced after-treatment system cool down, cooling air shall not be applied until the after-treatment system has cooled below its catalytic activation temperature. Any cooling procedure that results in unrepresentative emissions is not permitted.
         7.6.2.   Cold start test
         The cold-start test shall be started when the temperatures of the engine’s lubricant, coolant, and after-treatment systems are all between 293 and 303 K (20 and 30 °C). The engine shall be started using one of the following methods:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the engine shall be started as recommended in the owners manual using a production starter motor and adequately charged battery or a suitable power supply, or
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the engine shall be started by using the dynamometer. The engine shall be motored within ± 25 per cent of its typical in-use cranking speed. Cranking shall be stopped within 1 second after the engine is running. If the engine does not start after 15 seconds of cranking, cranking shall be stopped and the reason for the failure to start determined, unless the owners manual or the service-repair manual describes the longer cranking time as normal.
                  
               7.6.3.   Hot soak period
         Immediately upon completion of the cold start test, the engine shall be conditioned for the hot start test using a 10 ± 1 minutes hot soak period.
         7.6.4.   Hot start test
         The engine shall be started at the end of the hot soak period as defined in paragraph 7.6.3. using the starting methods given in paragraph 7.6.2.
         7.6.5.   Test sequence
         The test sequence of both cold start and hot start test shall commence at the start of the engine. After the engine is running, cycle control shall be initiated so that engine operation matches the first set point of the cycle.
         The WHTC shall be performed according to the reference cycle as set out in paragraph 7.4. Engine speed and torque command set points shall be issued at 5 Hz (10 Hz recommended) or greater. The set points shall be calculated by linear interpolation between the 1 Hz set points of the reference cycle. Actual engine speed and torque shall be recorded at least once every second during the test cycle (1 Hz), and the signals may be electronically filtered.
         7.6.6.   Collection of emission relevant data
         At the start of the test sequence, the measuring equipment shall be started, simultaneously:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     start collecting or analysing diluent air, if a full flow dilution system is used;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     start collecting or analysing raw or diluted exhaust gas, depending on the method used;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     start measuring the amount of diluted exhaust gas and the required temperatures and pressures;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     start recording the exhaust gas mass flow rate, if raw exhaust gas analysis is used;
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     start recording the feedback data of speed and torque of the dynamometer.
                  
               If raw exhaust measurement is used, the emission concentrations ((NM)HC, CO and NOx) and the exhaust gas mass flow rate shall be measured continuously and stored with at least 2 Hz on a computer system. All other data may be recorded with a sample rate of at least 1 Hz. For analogue analysers the response shall be recorded, and the calibration data may be applied online or offline during the data evaluation.
         If a full flow dilution system is used, HC and NOx shall be measured continuously in the dilution tunnel with a frequency of at least 2 Hz. The average concentrations shall be determined by integrating the analyser signals over the test cycle. The system response time shall be no greater than 20 s, and shall be coordinated with CVS flow fluctuations and sampling time/test cycle offsets, if necessary. CO, CO2, and NMHC may be determined by integration of continuous measurement signals or by analysing the concentrations in the sample bag, collected over the cycle. The concentrations of the gaseous pollutants in the diluent shall be determined prior to the point where the exhaust enters into the dilution tunnel by integration or by collecting into the background bag. All other parameters that need to be measured shall be recorded with a minimum of one measurement per second (1 Hz).
         7.6.7.   Particulate sampling
         At the start of the test sequence, the particulate sampling system shall be switched from by-pass to collecting particulates.
         If a partial flow dilution system is used, the sample pump(s) shall be controlled, so that the flow rate through the particulate sample probe or transfer tube is maintained proportional to the exhaust mass flow rate as determined in accordance with paragraph 9.4.6.1.
         If a full flow dilution system is used, the sample pump(s) shall be adjusted so that the flow rate through the particulate sample probe or transfer tube is maintained at a value within ±2,5 per cent of the set flow rate. If flow compensation (i.e. proportional control of sample flow) is used, it shall be demonstrated that the ratio of main tunnel flow to particulate sample flow does not change by more than ±2,5 per cent of its set value (except for the first 10 seconds of sampling). The average temperature and pressure at the gas meter(s) or flow instrumentation inlet shall be recorded. If the set flow rate cannot be maintained over the complete cycle within ±2,5 per cent because of high particulate loading on the filter, the test shall be voided. The test shall be rerun using a lower sample flow rate.
         7.6.8.   Engine stalling and equipment malfunction
         If the engine stalls anywhere during the cold start test, the test shall be voided. The engine shall be preconditioned and restarted according to the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2, and the test repeated.
         If the engine stalls anywhere during the hot start test, the hot start test shall be voided. The engine shall be soaked according to paragraph 7.6.3, and the hot start test repeated. In this case, the cold start test need not be repeated.
         If a malfunction occurs in any of the required test equipment during the test cycle, the test shall be voided and repeated in line with the above provisions.
         7.7.   WHSC cycle run
         7.7.1.   Preconditioning the dilution system and the engine
         The dilution system and the engine shall be started and warmed up in accordance with paragraph 7.4.1. After warm-up, the engine and sampling system shall be preconditioned by operating the engine at mode 9 (see paragraph 7.2.2, table 1) for a minimum of 10 minutes while simultaneously operating the dilution system. Dummy particulate emissions samples may be collected. Those sample filters need not be stabilised or weighed, and may be discarded. Flow rates shall be set at the approximate flow rates selected for testing. The engine shall be shut off after preconditioning.
         7.7.2.   Engine starting
         5 ± 1 minutes after completion of preconditioning at mode 9 as described in paragraph 7.7.1, the engine shall be started according to the manufacturer’s recommended starting procedure in the owner’s manual, using either a production starter motor or the dynamometer in accordance with paragraph 7.6.2.
         7.7.3.   Test sequence
         The test sequence shall commence after the engine is running and within one minute after engine operation is controlled to match the first mode of the cycle (idle).
         The WHSC shall be performed according to the order of test modes listed in table 1 of paragraph 7.2.2.
         7.7.4.   Collection of emission relevant data
         At the start of the test sequence, the measuring equipment shall be started, simultaneously:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     start collecting or analysing diluent, if a full flow dilution system is used;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     start collecting or analysing raw or diluted exhaust gas, depending on the method used;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     start measuring the amount of diluted exhaust gas and the required temperatures and pressures;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     start recording the exhaust gas mass flow rate, if raw exhaust gas analysis is used;
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     start recording the feedback data of speed and torque of the dynamometer.
                  
               If raw exhaust measurement is used, the emission concentrations ((NM)HC, CO and NOx) and the exhaust gas mass flow rate shall be measured continuously and stored with at least 2 Hz on a computer system. All other data may be recorded with a sample rate of at least 1 Hz. For analogue analysers the response shall be recorded, and the calibration data may be applied online or offline during the data evaluation.
         If a full flow dilution system is used, HC and NOx shall be measured continuously in the dilution tunnel with a frequency of at least 2 Hz. The average concentrations shall be determined by integrating the analyser signals over the test cycle. The system response time shall be no greater than 20 s, and shall be coordinated with CVS flow fluctuations and sampling time/test cycle offsets, if necessary. CO, CO2, and NMHC may be determined by integration of continuous measurement signals or by analysing the concentrations in the sample bag, collected over the cycle. The concentrations of the gaseous pollutants in the diluent shall be determined prior to the point where the exhaust enters into the dilution tunnel by integration or by collecting into the background bag. All other parameters that need to be measured shall be recorded with a minimum of one measurement per second (1 Hz).
         7.7.5.   Particulate sampling
         At the start of the test sequence, the particulate sampling system shall be switched from by-pass to collecting particulates. If a partial flow dilution system is used, the sample pump(s) shall be controlled, so that the flow rate through the particulate sample probe or transfer tube is maintained proportional to the exhaust mass flow rate as determined in accordance with paragraph 9.4.6.1.
         If a full flow dilution system is used, the sample pump(s) shall be adjusted so that the flow rate through the particulate sample probe or transfer tube is maintained at a value within ±2,5 per cent of the set flow rate. If flow compensation (i.e. proportional control of sample flow) is used, it shall be demonstrated that the ratio of main tunnel flow to particulate sample flow does not change by more than ±2,5 per cent of its set value (except for the first 10 seconds of sampling). The average temperature and pressure at the gas meter(s) or flow instrumentation inlet shall be recorded. If the set flow rate cannot be maintained over the complete cycle within ±2,5 per cent because of high particulate loading on the filter, the test shall be voided. The test shall be rerun using a lower sample flow rate.
         7.7.6.   Engine stalling and equipment malfunction
         If the engine stalls anywhere during the cycle, the test shall be voided. The engine shall be preconditioned according to paragraph 7.7.1 and restarted according to paragraph 7.7.2, and the test repeated.
         If a malfunction occurs in any of the required test equipment during the test cycle, the test shall be voided and repeated in line with the above provisions.
         7.8.   Post-test procedures
         7.8.1.   Operations after test
         At the completion of the test, the measurement of the exhaust gas mass flow rate, the diluted exhaust gas volume, the gas flow into the collecting bags and the particulate sample pump shall be stopped. For an integrating analyser system, sampling shall continue until system response times have elapsed.
         7.8.2.   Verification of proportional sampling
         For any proportional batch sample, such as a bag sample or PM sample, it shall be verified that proportional sampling was maintained according to paragraphs 7.6.7 and 7.7.5. Any sample that does not fulfil the requirements shall be voided.
         7.8.3.   PM conditioning and weighing
         The particulate filter shall be placed into covered or sealed containers or the filter holders shall be closed, in order to protect the sample filters against ambient contamination. Thus protected, the filter shall be returned to the weighing chamber. The filter shall be conditioned for at least one hour, and then weighed according to paragraph 9.4.5. The gross weight of the filter shall be recorded.
         7.8.4.   Drift verification
         As soon as practical but no later than 30 minutes after the test cycle is complete or during the soak period, the zero and span responses of the gaseous analyser ranges used shall be determined. For the purpose of this paragraph, test cycle is defined as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     for the WHTC: the complete sequence cold — soak — hot;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     for the WHTC hot start test (paragraph 6.6): the sequence soak — hot;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     for the multiple regeneration WHTC hot start test (paragraph 6.6): the total number of hot start tests;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     for the WHSC: the test cycle.
                  
               The following provisions apply for analyser drift:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the pre-test zero and span and post-test zero and span responses may be directly inserted into equation 66 of paragraph 8.6.1 without determining drift;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     if the drift difference between the pre-test and post-test results is less than 1 per cent of full scale, the measured concentrations may be used uncorrected or may be corrected for drift according to paragraph 8.6.1;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     if the drift difference between the pre-test and post-test results is equal to or greater than 1 per cent of full scale, the test shall be voided or the measured concentrations shall be corrected for drift according to paragraph 8.6.1.
                  
               7.8.5.   Analysis of gaseous bag sampling
         As soon as practical, the following shall be performed:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     gaseous bag samples shall be analysed no later than 30 minutes after the hot start test is complete or during the soak period for the cold start test;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     background samples shall be analysed no later than 60 minutes after the hot start test is complete.
                  
               7.8.6.   Validation of cycle work
         Before calculating actual cycle work, any points recorded during engine starting shall be omitted. Actual cycle work shall be determined over the test cycle by synchronously using actual speed and actual torque values to calculate instantaneous values for engine power. Instantaneous engine power values shall be integrated over the test cycle to calculate the actual cycle work W
            act (kWh). If auxiliaries/equipment are not fitted in accordance with paragraph 6.3.1, the instantaneous power values shall be corrected using equation (4) in paragraph 6.3.5.
         The same methodology as described in paragraph 7.4.8 shall be used for integrating actual engine power.
         The actual cycle work W
            act is used for comparison to the reference cycle work W
            ref and for calculating the brake specific emissions (see paragraph 8.6.3).
         
            W
            act shall be between 85 per cent and 105 per cent of W
            ref.
         7.8.7.   Validation statistics of the test cycle
         Linear regressions of the actual values (n
            act, M
            act, P
            act) on the reference values (n
            ref, M
            ref, P
            ref) shall be performed for both the WHTC and the WHSC.
         To minimise the biasing effect of the time lag between the actual and reference cycle values, the entire engine speed and torque actual signal sequence may be advanced or delayed in time with respect to the reference speed and torque sequence. If the actual signals are shifted, both speed and torque shall be shifted the same amount in the same direction.
         The method of least squares shall be used, with the best-fit equation having the form:
         
             (11)
         where:
         
                     
                        y
                     
                  
                  
                     is the actual value of speed (min–1), torque (Nm), or power (kW)
                  
               
                     
                        a1
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     is the slope of the regression line
                  
               
                     
                        x
                     
                  
                  
                     is the reference value of speed (min–1), torque (Nm), or power (kW)
                  
               
                     
                        a0
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     is the y intercept of the regression line
                  
               The standard error of estimate (SEE) of y on x and the coefficient of determination (r2) shall be calculated for each regression line.
         It is recommended that this analysis be performed at 1 Hz. For a test to be considered valid, the criteria of table 2 (WHTC) or table 3 (WHSC) shall be met.
         Table 2
         Regression line tolerances for the WHTC
         
                      
                  
                  
                     Speed
                  
                  
                     Torque
                  
                  
                     Power
                  
               
                     Standard error of estimate (SEE) of y on x
                  
                  
                     maximum 5 per cent of maximum test speed
                  
                  
                     maximum 10 per cent of maximum engine torque
                  
                  
                     maximum 10 per cent of maximum engine power
                  
               
                     Slope of the regression line, a1
                     
                  
                  
                     0,95 to 1,03
                  
                  
                     0,83 – 1,03
                  
                  
                     0,89 – 1,03
                  
               
                     Coefficient of determination, r2
                     
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,970
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,850
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,910
                  
               
                     y intercept of the regression line, a0
                     
                  
                  
                     maximum 10 per cent of idle speed
                  
                  
                     ± 20 Nm or ± 2 per cent of maximum torque whichever is greater
                  
                  
                     ± 4 kW or ± 2 per cent of maximum power whichever is greater
                  
               
            
         Table 3
         Regression line tolerances for the WHSC
         
                      
                  
                  
                     Speed
                  
                  
                     Torque
                  
                  
                     Power
                  
               
                     Standard error of estimate (SEE) of y on x
                  
                  
                     maximum 1 per cent of maximum test speed
                  
                  
                     maximum 2 per cent of maximum engine torque
                  
                  
                     maximum 2 per cent of maximum engine power
                  
               
                     Slope of the regression line, a1
                     
                  
                  
                     0,99 to 1,01
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
               
                     Coefficient of determination, r2
                     
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,990
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,950
                  
                  
                     minimum 0,950
                  
               
                     y intercept of the regression line, a0
                     
                  
                  
                     maximum 1 per cent of maximum test speed
                  
                  
                     ± 20 Nm or ± 2 per cent of maximum torque whichever is greater
                  
                  
                     ± 4 kW or ± 2 per cent of maximum power whichever is greater
                  
               For regression purposes only, point omissions are permitted where noted in table 4 before doing the regression calculation. However, those points shall not be omitted for the calculation of cycle work and emissions. Point omission may be applied to the whole or to any part of the cycle.
         Table 4
         Permitted point omissions from regression analysis
         
                     Event
                  
                  
                     Conditions
                  
                  
                     Permitted point omissions
                  
               
                     Minimum operator demand (idle point)
                  
                  
                     
                        n
                        ref = 0 per cent
                     and
                     
                        M
                        ref = 0 per cent
                     and
                     
                        M
                        act > (M
                        ref – 0,02M
                        max. mapped torque)
                     and
                     
                        M
                        act < (M
                        ref + 0,02M
                        max. mapped torque)
                  
                  
                     speed and power
                  
               
                     Minimum operator demand (motoring point)
                  
                  
                     
                        M
                        ref < 0 per cent
                  
                  
                     power and torque
                  
               
                     Minimum operator demand
                  
                  
                     
                        n
                        act ≤ 1,02 n
                        ref and M
                        act > M
                        ref
                     
                     or
                     
                        n
                        act > n
                        ref and M
                        act ≤ M
                        ref'
                     or
                     
                        n
                        act > 1,02 n
                        ref and M
                        ref < M
                        act ≤ (M
                        ref + 0,02M
                        max. mapped torque)
                  
                  
                     power and either torque or speed
                  
               
                     Maximum operator demand
                  
                  
                     
                        n
                        act < n
                        ref and M
                        act ≥ M
                        ref
                     
                     or
                     
                        n
                        act ≥ 0,98 n
                        ref and M
                        act < M
                        ref
                     
                     or
                     
                        n
                        act < 0,98 n
                        ref and M
                        ref > M
                        act ≥ (M
                        ref – 0,02M
                        max. mapped torque)
                  
                  
                     power and either torque or speed
                  
               8.   EMISSION CALCULATION
         The final test result shall be rounded in one step to the number of places to the right of the decimal point indicated by the applicable emission standard plus one additional significant figure, in accordance with ASTM E 29-06B. No rounding of intermediate values leading to the final break-specific emission result is permitted.
         Examples of the calculation procedures are given in Appendix 6.
         Emissions calculation on a molar basis, in accordance with Annex 7 of gtr No [xx] concerning the exhaust emission test protocol for Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM), is permitted with the prior agreement of the type approval authority.
         8.1.   Dry/wet correction
         If the emissions are measured on a dry basis, the measured concentration shall be converted to a wet basis according to the following equation:
         
             (12)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry concentration in ppm or per cent volume
                  
               
                     
                        kw
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry/wet correction factor (k
                        w,a, k
                        w,e, or k
                        w,d depending on respective equation used)
                  
               8.1.1.   Raw exhaust gas
         
             (13)
         or
         
             (14)
         or
         
             (15)
         with
         
             (16)
         and
         
             (17)
         where:
         
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        ALF
                     
                  
                  
                     is the hydrogen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        mf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        mad,I
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous dry intake air mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        r
                     
                  
                  
                     is the water vapour pressure after cooling bath, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total atmospheric pressure, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        DEL
                     
                  
                  
                     is the nitrogen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        EPS
                     
                  
                  
                     is the oxygen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        α
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar hydrogen ratio of the fuel
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO2 concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO concentration, per cent
                  
               Equations (13) and (14) are principally identical with the factor 1,008 in equations (13) and (15) being an approximation for the more accurate denominator in equation (14).
         8.1.2.   Diluted exhaust gas
         
             (18)
         or
         
             (19)
         with
         
             (20)
         where:
         
                     
                        α
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar hydrogen ratio of the fuel
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2w
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet CO2 concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO2 concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diluent humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dilution factor (see paragraph 8.5.2.3.2)
                  
               8.1.3.   Diluent
         
             (21)
         with
         
             (22)
         where:
         
                     
                        H
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diluent humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               8.2.   NOx correction for humidity
         As the NOx emission depends on ambient air conditions, the NOx concentration shall be corrected for humidity with the factors given in paragraph 8.2.1 or 8.2.2. The intake air humidity Ha may be derived from relative humidity measurement, dew point measurement, vapour pressure measurement or dry/wet bulb measurement using generally accepted equations.
         8.2.1.   Compression-ignition engines
         
             (23)
         where:
         
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               8.2.2.   Positive ignition engines
         
             (24)
         where:
         
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               8.3.   Particulate filter buoyancy correction
         The sampling filter mass shall be corrected for its buoyancy in air. The buoyancy correction depends on sampling filter density, air density and the density of the balance calibration weight, and does not account for the buoyancy of the PM itself. The buoyancy correction shall be applied to both tare filter mass and gross filter mass.
         If the density of the filter material is not known, the following densities shall be used:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     teflon coated glass fiber filter: 2 300 kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     teflon membrane filter: 2 144 kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     teflon membrane filter with polymethylpentene support ring: 920 kg/m3
                     
                  
               For stainless steel calibration weights, a density of 8 000 kg/m3 shall be used. If the material of the calibration weight is different, its density shall be known.
         The following equation shall be used:
         
             (25)
         with
         
             (26)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        uncor
                     
                  
                  
                     is the uncorrected particulate filter mass, mg
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the density of the air, kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        w
                     
                  
                  
                     is the density of balance calibration weight, kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     is the density of the particulate sampling filter, kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total atmospheric pressure, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        T
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the air temperature in the balance environment, K
                  
               
                     28,836
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the air at reference humidity (282,5 K), g/mol
                  
               
                     8,3144
                  
                  
                     is the molar gas constant
                  
               The particulate sample mass mp used in paragraphs 8.4.3 and 8.5.3 shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (27)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        f,G
                     
                  
                  
                     is the buoyancy corrected gross particulate filter mass, mg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        f,T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the buoyancy corrected tare particulate filter mass, mg
                  
               8.4.   Partial flow dilution (PFS) and raw gaseous measurement
         The instantaneous concentration signals of the gaseous components are used for the calculation of the mass emissions by multiplication with the instantaneous exhaust mass flow rate. The exhaust mass flow rate may be measured directly, or calculated using the methods of intake air and fuel flow measurement, tracer method or intake air and air/fuel ratio measurement. Special attention shall be paid to the response times of the different instruments. These differences shall be accounted for by time aligning the signals. For particulates, the exhaust mass flow rate signals are used for controlling the partial flow dilution system to take a sample proportional to the exhaust mass flow rate. The quality of proportionality shall be checked by applying a regression analysis between sample and exhaust flow in accordance with paragraph 9.4.6.1. The complete test set up is schematically shown in figure 6.
         
            
         8.4.1.   Determination of exhaust gas mass flow
         8.4.1.1.   Introduction
         For calculation of the emissions in the raw exhaust gas and for controlling of a partial flow dilution system, it is necessary to know the exhaust gas mass flow rate. For the determination of the exhaust mass flow rate, either of the methods described in paragraphs 8.4.1.3 to 8.4.1.7 may be used.
         8.4.1.2.   Response time
         For the purpose of emissions calculation, the response time of either method described in paragraphs 8.4.1.3 to 8.4.1.7 shall be equal to or less than the analyser response time of ≤ 10 s, as required in paragraph 9.3.5.
         For the purpose of controlling of a partial flow dilution system, a faster response is required. For partial flow dilution systems with online control, the response time shall be ≤ 0,3 s. For partial flow dilution systems with look-ahead control based on a pre-recorded test run, the response time of the exhaust flow measurement system shall be ≤ 5 s with a rise time of ≤ 1 s. The system response time shall be specified by the instrument manufacturer. The combined response time requirements for the exhaust gas flow and partial flow dilution system are indicated in paragraph 9.4.6.1.
         8.4.1.3.   Direct measurement method
         Direct measurement of the instantaneous exhaust flow shall be done by systems, such as:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     pressure differential devices, like flow nozzle, (details see ISO 5167);
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     ultrasonic flowmeter;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     vortex flowmeter.
                  
               Precautions shall be taken to avoid measurement errors which will impact emission value errors. Such precautions include the careful installation of the device in the engine exhaust system according to the instrument manufacturers’ recommendations and to good engineering practice. Especially, engine performance and emissions shall not be affected by the installation of the device.
         The flowmeters shall meet the linearity requirements of paragraph 9.2.
         8.4.1.4.   Air and fuel measurement method
         This involves measurement of the airflow and the fuel flow with suitable flowmeters. The calculation of the instantaneous exhaust gas flow shall be as follows:
         
             (28)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           maw,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous intake air mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               The flowmeters shall meet the linearity requirements of paragraph 9.2, but shall be accurate enough to also meet the linearity requirements for the exhaust gas flow.
         8.4.1.5.   Tracer measurement method
         This involves measurement of the concentration of a tracer gas in the exhaust.
         A known amount of an inert gas (e.g. pure helium) shall be injected into the exhaust gas flow as a tracer. The gas is mixed and diluted by the exhaust gas, but shall not react in the exhaust pipe. The concentration of the gas shall then be measured in the exhaust gas sample.
         In order to ensure complete mixing of the tracer gas, the exhaust gas sampling probe shall be located at least 1 m or 30 times the diameter of the exhaust pipe, whichever is larger, downstream of the tracer gas injection point. The sampling probe may be located closer to the injection point if complete mixing is verified by comparing the tracer gas concentration with the reference concentration when the tracer gas is injected upstream of the engine.
         The tracer gas flow rate shall be set so that the tracer gas concentration at engine idle speed after mixing becomes lower than the full scale of the trace gas analyser.
         The calculation of the exhaust gas flow shall be as follows:
         
             (29)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           vt
                     
                  
                  
                     is tracer gas flow rate, cm3/min
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        mix,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous concentration of the tracer gas after mixing, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the density of the exhaust gas, kg/m3 (cf. table 4)
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     is the background concentration of the tracer gas in the intake air, ppm
                  
               The background concentration of the tracer gas (c
            b) may be determined by averaging the background concentration measured immediately before the test run and after the test run.
         When the background concentration is less than 1 per cent of the concentration of the tracer gas after mixing (c
            mix.i) at maximum exhaust flow, the background concentration may be neglected.
         The total system shall meet the linearity requirements for the exhaust gas flow of paragraph 9.2.
         8.4.1.6.   Airflow and air to fuel ratio measurement method
         This involves exhaust mass calculation from the air flow and the air to fuel ratio. The calculation of the instantaneous exhaust gas mass flow is as follows:
         
             (30)
         with
         
             (31)
         
             (32)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           maw,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous intake air mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        A/F
                        st
                     
                  
                  
                     is the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio, kg/kg
                  
               
                     
                        λ
                        i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous excess air ratio
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO2 concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        COd
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO concentration, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HCw
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet HC concentration, ppm
                  
               Airflowmeter and analysers shall meet the linearity requirements of paragraph 9.2, and the total system shall meet the linearity requirements for the exhaust gas flow of paragraph 9.2.
         If an air to fuel ratio measurement equipment such as a zirconia-type sensor is used for the measurement of the excess air ratio, it shall meet the specifications of paragraph 9.3.2.7.
         8.4.1.7.   Carbon balance method
         This involves exhaust mass calculation from the fuel flow and the gaseous exhaust components that include carbon. The calculation of the instantaneous exhaust gas mass flow is as follows:
         
             (33)
         with
         
             (34)
         and
         
             (35)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        mf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        BET
                     
                  
                  
                     is the carbon content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        ALF
                     
                  
                  
                     is the hydrogen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        DEL
                     
                  
                  
                     is the nitrogen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        w
                        EPS
                     
                  
                  
                     is the oxygen content of the fuel, per cent mass
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO2 concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2d,a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO2 concentration of the intake air, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dry CO concentration, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HCw
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet HC concentration, ppm
                  
               8.4.2.   Determination of the gaseous components
         8.4.2.1.   Introduction
         The gaseous components in the raw exhaust gas emitted by the engine submitted for testing shall be measured with the measurement and sampling systems described in paragraph 9.3 and Appendix 3. The data evaluation is described in paragraph 8.4.2.2.
         Two calculation procedures are described in paragraphs 8.4.2.3 and 8.4.2.4, which are equivalent for the reference fuel of Appendix 2. The procedure in paragraph 8.4.2.3 is more straightforward, since it uses tabulated u values for the ratio between component and exhaust gas density. The procedure in paragraph 8.4.2.4 is more accurate for fuel qualities that deviate from the specifications in Appendix 2, but requires elementary analysis of the fuel composition.
         8.4.2.2.   Data evaluation
         The emission relevant data shall be recorded and stored in accordance with paragraph 7.6.6.
         For calculation of the mass emission of the gaseous components, the traces of the recorded concentrations and the trace of the exhaust gas mass flow rate shall be time aligned by the transformation time as defined in paragraph 3.1.30. Therefore, the response time of each gaseous emissions analyser and of the exhaust gas mass flow system shall be determined according to paragraphs 8.4.1.2 and 9.3.5, respectively, and recorded.
         8.4.2.3.   Calculation of mass emission based on tabulated values
         The mass of the pollutants (g/test) shall be determined by calculating the instantaneous mass emissions from the raw concentrations of the pollutants and the exhaust gas mass flow, aligned for the transformation time as determined in accordance with paragraph 8.4.2.2, integrating the instantaneous values over the cycle, and multiplying the integrated values with the u values from table 5. If measured on a dry basis, the dry/wet correction according to paragraph 8.1 shall be applied to the instantaneous concentration values before any further calculation is done.
         For the calculation of NOx, the mass emission shall be multiplied, where applicable, with the humidity correction factor k
            h,D, or k
            h,G, as determined according to paragraph 8.2.
         The following equation shall be applied:
         
             (in g/test) (36)
         where:
         
                     
                        u
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the respective value of the exhaust component from table 5
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        gas,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous concentration of the component in the exhaust gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous exhaust mass flow, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     is the data sampling rate, Hz
                  
               
                     
                        n
                     
                  
                  
                     is the number of measurements
                  
               Table 5
         Raw exhaust gas u values and component densities
         
                     Fuel
                  
                  
                     
                        ρ
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     Gas
                  
               
                     NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     CO
                  
                  
                     HC
                  
                  
                     CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     O2
                     
                  
                  
                     CH4
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        gas [kg/m3]
                  
               
                     2,053
                  
                  
                     1,250
                  
                  
                     
                         (2)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,9636
                  
                  
                     1,4277
                  
                  
                     0,716
                  
               
                     
                        u
                        gas
                         (3)
                     
                  
               
                     Diesel
                  
                  
                     1,2943
                  
                  
                     0,001586
                  
                  
                     0,000966
                  
                  
                     0,000479
                  
                  
                     0,001517
                  
                  
                     0,001103
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     Ethanol
                  
                  
                     1,2757
                  
                  
                     0,001609
                  
                  
                     0,000980
                  
                  
                     0,000805
                  
                  
                     0,001539
                  
                  
                     0,001119
                  
                  
                     0,000561
                  
               
                     CNG (4)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,2661
                  
                  
                     0,001621
                  
                  
                     0,000987
                  
                  
                     0,000528 (5)
                     
                  
                  
                     0,001551
                  
                  
                     0,001128
                  
                  
                     0,000565
                  
               
                     Propane
                  
                  
                     1,2805
                  
                  
                     0,001603
                  
                  
                     0,000976
                  
                  
                     0,000512
                  
                  
                     0,001533
                  
                  
                     0,001115
                  
                  
                     0,000559
                  
               
                     Butane
                  
                  
                     1,2832
                  
                  
                     0,001600
                  
                  
                     0,000974
                  
                  
                     0,000505
                  
                  
                     0,001530
                  
                  
                     0,001113
                  
                  
                     0,000558
                  
               
                     LPG (6)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,2811
                  
                  
                     0,001602
                  
                  
                     0,000976
                  
                  
                     0,000510
                  
                  
                     0,001533
                  
                  
                     0,001115
                  
                  
                     0,000559
                  
               8.4.2.4.   Calculation of mass emission based on exact equations
         The mass of the pollutants (g/test) shall be determined by calculating the instantaneous mass emissions from the raw concentrations of the pollutants, the u values and the exhaust gas mass flow, aligned for the transformation time as determined in accordance with paragraph 8.4.2.2 and integrating the instantaneous values over the cycle. If measured on a dry basis, the dry/wet correction according to paragraph 8.1 shall be applied to the instantaneous concentration values before any further calculation is done.
         For the calculation of NOx, the mass emission shall be multiplied with the humidity correction factor k
            h,D, or k
            h,G, as determined according to paragraph 8.2.
         The following equation shall be applied:
         
             (in g/test) (37)
         where:
         
                     
                        u
                        gas,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is calculated from equation 38 or 39
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        gas,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous concentration of the component in the exhaust gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous exhaust mass flow, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     is the data sampling rate, Hz
                  
               
                     
                        n
                     
                  
                  
                     is the number of measurements
                  
               The instantaneous u values shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (38)
         or
         
             (39)
         with
         
             (40)
         where:
         
                     
                        M
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the gas component, g/mol (cf. Appendix 6)
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e,i
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous molar mass of the exhaust gas, g/mol
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the density of the gas component, kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        e,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous density of the exhaust gas, kg/m3
                     
                  
               The molar mass of the exhaust, M
            e, shall be derived for a general fuel composition CH
               α
            O
               ε
            N
               δ
            S
               γ
             under the assumption of complete combustion, as follows:
         
             (41)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           maw,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous intake air mass flow rate on wet basis, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the dry intake air = 28,965 g/mol
                  
               The exhaust density ρ
            e shall be derived, as follows:
         
             (42)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           mad,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous intake air mass flow rate on dry basis, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the intake air humidity, g water per kg dry air
                  
               
                     
                        k
                        fw
                     
                  
                  
                     is the fuel specific factor of wet exhaust (equation 16) in paragraph 8.1.1.
                  
               8.4.3.   Particulate determination
         8.4.3.1.   Data evaluation
         The particulate mass shall be calculated according to equation 27 of paragraph 8.3. For the evaluation of the particulate concentration, the total sample mass (m
            sep) through the filter over the test cycle shall be recorded.
         With the prior approval of the type approval authority, the particulate mass may be corrected for the particulate level of the diluent, as determined in paragraph 7.5.6, in line with good engineering practice and the specific design features of the particulate measurement system used.
         8.4.3.2.   Calculation of mass emission
         Depending on system design, the mass of particulates (g/test) shall be calculated by either of the methods in paragraphs 8.4.3.2.1 or 8.4.3.2.2 after buoyancy correction of the particulate sample filter according to paragraph 8.3.
         8.4.3.2.1.   Calculation based on sample ratio
         
             (43)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the particulate mass sampled over the cycle, mg
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     is the average sample ratio over the test cycle
                  
               with
         
             (44)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        se
                     
                  
                  
                     is the sample mass over the cycle, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ew
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total exhaust mass flow over the cycle, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sed
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the dilution tunnel, kg
                  
               In case of the total sampling type system, m
            sep and m
            sed are identical.
         8.4.3.2.2.   Calculation based on dilution ratio
         
             (45)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the particulate mass sampled over the cycle, mg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        edf
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, kg
                  
               The total mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass over the cycle shall be determined as follows:
         
             (46)
         
             (47)
         
             (48)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           medf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous equivalent diluted exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        d,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous dilution ratio
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mdew,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous diluted exhaust mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           mdw,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous diluent mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     is the data sampling rate, Hz
                  
               
                     
                        n
                     
                  
                  
                     is the number of measurements
                  
               8.5.   Full flow dilution measurement (CVS)
         The concentration signals, either by integration over the cycle or by bag sampling, of the gaseous components shall be used for the calculation of the mass emissions by multiplication with the diluted exhaust mass flow rate. The exhaust mass flow rate shall be measured with a constant volume sampling (CVS) system, which may use a positive displacement pump (PDP), a critical flow venturi (CFV) or a subsonic venturi (SSV) with or without flow compensation.
         For bag sampling and particulate sampling, a proportional sample shall be taken from the diluted exhaust gas of the CVS system. For a system without flow compensation, the ratio of sample flow to CVS flow shall not vary by more than ±2,5 per cent from the set point of the test. For a system with flow compensation, each individual flow rate shall be constant within ±2,5 per cent of its respective target flow rate.
         The complete test set up is schematically shown in figure 7.
         
            
         8.5.1.   Determination of the diluted exhaust gas flow
         8.5.1.1.   Introduction
         For calculation of the emissions in the diluted exhaust gas, it is necessary to know the diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate. The total diluted exhaust gas flow over the cycle (kg/test) shall be calculated from the measurement values over the cycle and the corresponding calibration data of the flow measurement device (V
            0 for PDP, K
            V for CFV, C
            d for SSV) by either of the methods described in paragraphs 8.5.1.2 to 8.5.1.4. If the total sample flow of particulates (m
            sep) exceeds 0,5 per cent of the total CVS flow (m
            ed), the CVS flow shall be corrected for m
            sep or the particulate sample flow shall be returned to the CVS prior to the flow measuring device.
         8.5.1.2.   PDP-CVS system
         The calculation of the mass flow over the cycle is as follows, if the temperature of the diluted exhaust is kept within ± 6 K over the cycle by using a heat exchanger:
         
             (49)
         where:
         
                     
                        V
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     is the volume of gas pumped per revolution under test conditions, m3/rev
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        P
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total revolutions of pump per test
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute pressure at pump inlet, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the average temperature of the diluted exhaust gas at pump inlet, K
                  
               If a system with flow compensation is used (i.e. without heat exchanger), the instantaneous mass emissions shall be calculated and integrated over the cycle. In this case, the instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (50)
         where:
         
                     
                        n
                        P,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total revolutions of pump per time interval
                  
               8.5.1.3.   CFV-CVS system
         The calculation of the mass flow over the cycle is as follows, if the temperature of the diluted exhaust is kept within ± 11 K over the cycle by using a heat exchanger:
         
             (51)
         where:
         
                     
                        t
                     
                  
                  
                     is the cycle time, s
                  
               
                     
                        K
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     is the calibration coefficient of the critical flow venturi for standard conditions,
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute pressure at venturi inlet, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute temperature at venturi inlet, K
                  
               If a system with flow compensation is used (i.e. without heat exchanger), the instantaneous mass emissions shall be calculated and integrated over the cycle. In this case, the instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (52)
         where:
         
                     Δti
                     
                  
                  
                     is the time interval, s
                  
               8.5.1.4.   SSV-CVS system
         The calculation of the mass flow over the cycle shall be as follows, if the temperature of the diluted exhaust is kept within ± 11 K over the cycle by using a heat exchanger:
         
             (53)
         with
         
             (54)
         where:
         
                     
                        A
                        0
                     
                  
                  
                     is 0,006111 in SI units of 
                  
               
                     
                        d
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diameter of the SSV throat, m
                  
               
                     
                        C
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the discharge coefficient of the SSV
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute pressure at venturi inlet, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the temperature at the venturi inlet, K
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the ratio of the SSV throat to inlet absolute static pressure, 
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the ratio of the SSV throat diameter, d, to the inlet pipe inner diameter D
                     
                  
               If a system with flow compensation is used (i.e. without heat exchanger), the instantaneous mass emissions shall be calculated and integrated over the cycle. In this case, the instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (55)
         where:
         
                     Δt
                        i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the time interval, s
                  
               The real time calculation shall be initialised with either a reasonable value for C
            d, such as 0,98, or a reasonable value of Q
            ssv. If the calculation is initialised with Q
            ssv, the initial value of Q
            ssv shall be used to evaluate the Reynolds number.
         During all emissions tests, the Reynolds number at the SSV throat shall be in the range of Reynolds numbers used to derive the calibration curve developed in paragraph 9.5.4.
         8.5.2.   Determination of the gaseous components
         8.5.2.1.   Introduction
         The gaseous components in the diluted exhaust gas emitted by the engine submitted for testing shall be measured by the methods described in Appendix 3. Dilution of the exhaust shall be done with filtered ambient air, synthetic air or nitrogen. The flow capacity of the full flow system shall be large enough to completely eliminate water condensation in the dilution and sampling systems. Data evaluation and calculation procedures are described in paragraphs 8.5.2.2 and 8.5.2.3.
         8.5.2.2.   Data evaluation
         The emission relevant data shall be recorded and stored in accordance with paragraph 7.6.6.
         8.5.2.3.   Calculation of mass emission
         8.5.2.3.1.   Systems with constant mass flow
         For systems with heat exchanger, the mass of the pollutants shall be determined from the following equation:
         
             (in g/test) (56)
         where:
         
                     
                        u
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the respective value of the exhaust component from table 6
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the average background corrected concentration of the component, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total diluted exhaust mass over the cycle, kg
                  
               If measured on a dry basis, the dry/wet correction according to paragraph 8.1 shall be applied.
         For the calculation of NOx, the mass emission shall be multiplied, if applicable, with the humidity correction factor k
            h,D, or k
            h,G, as determined according to paragraph 8.2.
         The u values are given in table 6. For calculating the u
            gas values, the density of the diluted exhaust gas has been assumed to be equal to air density. Therefore, the u
            gas values are identical for single gas components, but different for HC.
         Table 6
         Diluted exhaust gas u values and component densities
         
                     Fuel
                  
                  
                     
                        ρ
                        de
                     
                  
                  
                     Gas
                  
               
                     NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     CO
                  
                  
                     HC
                  
                  
                     CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     O2
                     
                  
                  
                     CH4
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ρ
                        gas [kg/m3]
                  
               
                     2,053
                  
                  
                     1,250
                  
                  
                     
                         (7)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,9636
                  
                  
                     1,4277
                  
                  
                     0,716
                  
               
                     
                        u
                        gas
                         (8)
                     
                  
               
                     Diesel
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000480
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     Ethanol
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000795
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     CNG (9)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000517 (10)
                     
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     Propane
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000507
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     Butane
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000501
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               
                     LPG (11)
                     
                  
                  
                     1,293
                  
                  
                     0,001588
                  
                  
                     0,000967
                  
                  
                     0,000505
                  
                  
                     0,001519
                  
                  
                     0,001104
                  
                  
                     0,000553
                  
               Alternatively, the u values may be calculated using the exact calculation method generally described in paragraph 8.4.2.4, as follows:
         
             (57)
         where:
         
                     
                        M
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the gas component, g/mol (cf. Appendix 6)
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the exhaust gas, g/mol
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of the diluent = 28,965 g/mol
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dilution factor (see paragraph 8.5.2.3.2)
                  
               8.5.2.3.2.   Determination of the background corrected concentrations
         The average background concentration of the gaseous pollutants in the diluent shall be subtracted from the measured concentrations to get the net concentrations of the pollutants. The average values of the background concentrations can be determined by the sample bag method or by continuous measurement with integration. The following equation shall be used:
         
             (58)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        gas,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the concentration of the component measured in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the concentration of the component measured in the diluent, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dilution factor
                  
               The dilution factor shall be calculated as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     for diesel and LPG fuelled gas engines
                     
                         (59)
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     for NG fuelled gas engines
                     
                         (60)
                  
               where:
         
                     
                        c
                        CO2,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet concentration of CO2 in the diluted exhaust gas, per cent vol
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet concentration of HC in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm C1
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        NMHC,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet concentration of NMHC in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm C1
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet concentration of CO in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        F
                        S
                     
                  
                  
                     is the stoichiometric factor
                  
               The stoichiometric factor shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (61)
         where:
         
                     
                        α
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar hydrogen ratio of the fuel (H/C)
                  
               Alternatively, if the fuel composition is not known, the following stoichiometric factors may be used:
         
                     
                        F
                        S (diesel)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     13,4
                  
               
                     
                        F
                        S (LPG)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     11,6
                  
               
                     
                        F
                        S (NG)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     9,5
                  
               8.5.2.3.3.   Systems with flow compensation
         For systems without heat exchanger, the mass of the pollutants (g/test) shall be determined by calculating the instantaneous mass emissions and integrating the instantaneous values over the cycle. Also, the background correction shall be applied directly to the instantaneous concentration value. The following equation shall be applied:
         
             (62)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        gas,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the concentration of the component measured in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the concentration of the component measured in the diluent, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed,i
                     
                  
                  
                     is the instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed
                     
                  
                  
                     is the total mass of diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, kg
                  
               
                     
                        u
                        gas
                     
                  
                  
                     is the tabulated value from table 6
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dilution factor
                  
               8.5.3.   Particulate determination
         8.5.3.1.   Calculation of mass emission
         The particulate mass (g/test) shall be calculated after buoyancy correction of the particulate sample filter according to paragraph 8.3, as follows:
         
             (63)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the particulate mass sampled over the cycle, mg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, kg
                  
               with
         
             (64)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        set
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of double diluted exhaust gas through particulate filter, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ssd
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of secondary diluent, kg
                  
               If the particulate background level of the diluent is determined in accordance with paragraph 7.5.6, the particulate mass may be background corrected. In this case, the particulate mass (g/test) shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (65)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        ed
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluted exhaust gas over the cycle, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        sd
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of diluent sampled by background particulate sampler, kg
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass of the collected background particulates of the diluent, mg
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the dilution factor as determined in paragraph 8.5.2.3.2.
                  
               8.6.   General calculations
         8.6.1.   Drift correction
         With respect to drift verification in paragraph 7.8.4, the corrected concentration value shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (66)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        ref,z
                     
                  
                  
                     is the reference concentration of the zero gas (usually zero), ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        ref,s
                     
                  
                  
                     is the reference concentration of the span gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        pre,z
                     
                  
                  
                     is the pre-test analyser concentration of the zero gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        pre,s
                     
                  
                  
                     is the pre-test analyser concentration of the span gas, ppm,
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        post,z
                     
                  
                  
                     is the post-test analyser concentration of the zero gas, ppm,
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        post,s
                     
                  
                  
                     is the post-test analyser concentration of the span gas, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        cgas
                        
                     
                  
                  
                     is the sample gas concentration, ppm
                  
               Two sets of specific emission results shall be calculated for each component in accordance with paragraph 8.6.3, after any other corrections have been applied. One set shall be calculated using uncorrected concentrations and another set shall be calculated using the concentrations corrected for drift according to equation 66.
         Depending on the measurement system and calculation method used, the uncorrected emissions results shall be calculated with equations 36, 37 56, 57 or 62, respectively. For calculation of the corrected emissions, c
            gas in equations 36, 37 56, 57 or 62, respectively, shall be replaced with c
            cor of equation 66. If instantaneous concentration values c
            gas,i are used in the respective equation, the corrected value shall also be applied as instantaneous value c
            cor,i. In equation 57, the correction shall be applied to both the measured and the background concentration.
         The comparison shall be made as a percentage of the uncorrected results. The difference between the uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific emission values shall be within ± 4 per cent of the uncorrected brake-specific emission values or within ± 4 per cent of the respective limit value, whichever is greater. If the drift is greater than 4 per cent, the test shall be voided.
         If drift correction is applied, only the drift-corrected emission results shall be used when reporting emissions.
         8.6.2.   Calculation of NMHC and CH4
         
         The calculation of NMHC and CH4 depends on the calibration method used. The FID for the measurement without NMC (lower path of Appendix 3, figure 11), shall be calibrated with propane. For the calibration of the FID in series with NMC (upper path of Appendix 3, figure 11), the following methods are permitted.
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     calibration gas — propane; propane bypasses NMC,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     calibration gas — methane; methane passes through NMC
                  
               The concentration of NMHC and CH4 shall be calculated as follows for (a):
         
             (67)
         
             (68)
         The concentration of NMHC and CH4 shall be calculated as follows for (b):
         
             (67a)
         
             (68a)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/NMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with sample gas flowing through the NMC, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/oNMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with sample gas bypassing the NMC, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        h
                     
                  
                  
                     is the methane response factor as determined per paragraph 9.3.7.2.
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        M
                     
                  
                  
                     is the methane efficiency as determined per paragraph 9.3.8.1.
                  
               
                     
                        E
                        E
                     
                  
                  
                     is the ethane efficiency as determined per paragraph 9.3.8.2.
                  
               If r
            h < 1,05, it may be omitted in equations 67, 67a and 68a.
         8.6.3.   Calculation of the specific emissions
         The specific emissions e
            gas or e
            PM (g/kWh) shall be calculated for each individual component in the following ways depending on the type of test cycle.
         For the WHSC, hot WHTC, or cold WHTC, the following equation shall be applied:
         
             (69)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass emission of the component, g/test
                  
               
                     
                        W
                        act
                     
                  
                  
                     is the actual cycle work as determined according to paragraph 7.8.6, kWh
                  
               For the WHTC, the final test result shall be a weighted average from cold start test and hot start test according to the following equation:
         
             (70)
         where:
         
                     
                        m
                        cold
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass emission of the component on the cold start test, g/test
                  
               
                     
                        m
                        hot
                     
                  
                  
                     is the mass emission of the component on the hot start test, g/test
                  
               
                     
                        W
                        act,cold
                     
                  
                  
                     is the actual cycle work on the cold start test, kWh
                  
               
                     
                        W
                        act,hot
                     
                  
                  
                     is the actual cycle work on the hot start test, kWh
                  
               If periodic regeneration in accordance with paragraph 6.6.2 applies, the regeneration adjustment factors k
            r,u or k
            r,d shall be multiplied with or be added to, respectively, the specific emissions result e as determined in equations 69 and 70.
         9.   EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION AND VERIFICATION
         This annex does not contain details of flow, pressure, and temperature measuring equipment or systems. Instead, only the linearity requirements of such equipment or systems necessary for conducting an emissions test are given in paragraph 9.2.
         9.1.   Dynamometer specification
         An engine dynamometer with adequate characteristics to perform the appropriate test cycle described in paragraphs 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 shall be used.
         The instrumentation for torque and speed measurement shall allow the measurement accuracy of the shaft power as needed to comply with the cycle validation criteria. Additional calculations may be necessary. The accuracy of the measuring equipment shall be such that the linearity requirements given in paragraph 9.2, table 7 are not exceeded.
         9.2.   Linearity requirements
         The calibration of all measuring instruments and systems shall be traceable to national (international) standards. The measuring instruments and systems shall comply with the linearity requirements given in table 7. The linearity verification according to paragraph 9.2.1 shall be performed for the gas analysers at least every 3 months or whenever a system repair or change is made that could influence calibration. For the other instruments and systems, the linearity verification shall be done as required by internal audit procedures, by the instrument manufacturer or in accordance with ISO 9000 requirements.
         Table 7
         Linearity requirements of instruments and measurement systems
         
                     Measurement system
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     Slope
                     a1
                     
                  
                  
                     Standard error
                     SEE
                  
                  
                     Coefficient of determination
                     r2
                     
                  
               
                     Engine speed
                  
                  
                     ≤ 0,05 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Engine torque
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Fuel flow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Airflow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Exhaust gas flow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Diluent flow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Diluted exhaust gas flow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Sample flow
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Gas analysers
                  
                  
                     ≤ 0,5 % max
                  
                  
                     0,99 – 1,01
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,998
                  
               
                     Gas dividers
                  
                  
                     ≤ 0,5 % max
                  
                  
                     0,98 – 1,02
                  
                  
                     ≤ 2 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,990
                  
               
                     Temperatures
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,99 – 1,01
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,998
                  
               
                     Pressures
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,99 – 1,01
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,998
                  
               
                     PM balance
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     0,99 – 1,01
                  
                  
                     ≤ 1 % max
                  
                  
                     ≥ 0,998
                  
               9.2.1.   Linearity verification
         9.2.1.1.   Introduction
         A linearity verification shall be performed for each measurement system listed in table 7. At least 10 reference values, or as specified otherwise, shall be introduced to the measurement system, and the measured values shall be compared to the reference values by using a least squares linear regression in accordance with equation 11. The maximum limits in table 6 refer to the maximum values expected during testing.
         9.2.1.2.   General requirements
         The measurement systems shall be warmed up according to the recommendations of the instrument manufacturer. The measurement systems shall be operated at their specified temperatures, pressures and flows.
         9.2.1.3.   Procedure
         The linearity verification shall be run for each normally used operating range with the following steps:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     The instrument shall be set at zero by introducing a zero signal. For gas analysers, purified synthetic air (or nitrogen) shall be introduced directly to the analyser port.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     The instrument shall be spanned by introducing a span signal. For gas analysers, an appropriate span gas shall be introduced directly to the analyser port.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     The zero procedure of (a) shall be repeated.
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     The verification shall be established by introducing at least 10 reference values (including zero) that are within the range from zero to the highest values expected during emission testing. For gas analysers, known gas concentrations in accordance with paragraph 9.3.3.2 shall be introduced directly to the analyser port.
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     At a recording frequency of at least 1 Hz, the reference values shall be measured and the measured values recorded for 30 s.
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     The arithmetic mean values over the 30 s period shall be used to calculate the least squares linear regression parameters according to equation 11 in paragraph 7.8.7.
                  
               
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     The linear regression parameters shall meet the requirements of paragraph 9.2, table 7.
                  
               
                     (h)
                  
                  
                     The zero setting shall be rechecked and the verification procedure repeated, if necessary.
                  
               9.3.   Gaseous emissions measurement and sampling system
         9.3.1.   Analyser specifications
         9.3.1.1.   General
         The analysers shall have a measuring range and response time appropriate for the accuracy required to measure the concentrations of the exhaust gas components under transient and steady state conditions.
         The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the equipment shall be on a level as to minimise additional errors.
         9.3.1.2.   Accuracy
         The accuracy, defined as the deviation of the analyser reading from the reference value, shall not exceed ±2 per cent of the reading or ±0,3 per cent of full scale whichever is larger.
         9.3.1.3.   Precision
         The precision, defined as 2,5 times the standard deviation of 10 repetitive responses to a given calibration or span gas, shall be no greater than 1 per cent of full scale concentration for each range used above 155 ppm (or ppm C) or 2 per cent of each range used below 155 ppm (or ppm C).
         9.3.1.4.   Noise
         The analyser peak-to-peak response to zero and calibration or span gases over any 10 seconds period shall not exceed 2 per cent of full scale on all ranges used.
         9.3.1.5.   Zero drift
         The drift of the zero response shall be specified by the instrument manufacturer.
         9.3.1.6.   Span drift
         The drift of the span response shall be specified by the instrument manufacturer.
         9.3.1.7.   Rise time
         The rise time of the analyser installed in the measurement system shall not exceed 2,5 s.
         9.3.1.8.   Gas drying
         Exhaust gases may be measured wet or dry. A gas-drying device, if used, shall have a minimal effect on the composition of the measured gases. Chemical dryers are not an acceptable method of removing water from the sample.
         9.3.2.   Gas analysers
         9.3.2.1.   Introduction
         Paragraphs 9.3.2.2 to 9.3.2.7 describe the measurement principles to be used. A detailed description of the measurement systems is given in Appendix 3. The gases to be measured shall be analysed with the following instruments. For non-linear analysers, the use of linearising circuits is permitted.
         9.3.2.2.   Carbon monoxide (CO) analysis
         The carbon monoxide analyser shall be of the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption type.
         9.3.2.3.   Carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis
         The carbon dioxide analyser shall be of the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption type.
         9.3.2.4.   Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis
         The hydrocarbon analyser shall be of the heated flame ionisation detector (HFID) type with detector, valves, pipework, etc. heated so as to maintain a gas temperature of 463 K ± 10 K (190 ± 10 °C). Optionally, for NG fuelled and PI engines, the hydrocarbon analyser may be of the non-heated flame ionisation detector (FID) type depending upon the method used (see Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.1.3).
         9.3.2.5.   Methane (CH4) and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) analysis
         The determination of the methane and non-methane hydrocarbon fraction shall be performed with a heated non-methane cutter (NMC) and two FID’s as per Appendix 3, paragraph A.3.1.4 and paragraph A.3.1.5. The concentration of the components shall be determined as per paragraph 8.6.2.
         9.3.2.6.   Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analysis
         Two measurement instruments are specified for NOx measurement and either instrument may be used provided it meets the criteria specified in paragraphs 9.3.2.6.1 or 9.3.2.6.2, respectively. For the determination of system equivalency of an alternate measurement procedure in accordance with paragraph 5.1.1, only the CLD is permitted.
         9.3.2.6.1.   Chemiluminescent detector (CLD)
         If measured on a dry basis, the oxides of nitrogen analyser shall be of the chemiluminescent detector (CLD) or heated chemiluminescent detector (HCLD) type with a NO2/NO converter. If measured on a wet basis, a HCLD with converter maintained above 328 K (55 °C) shall be used, provided the water quench check (see paragraph 9.3.9.2.2) is satisfied. For both CLD and HCLD, the sampling path shall be maintained at a wall temperature of 328 K to 473 K (55 °C to 200 °C) up to the converter for dry measurement and up to the analyser for wet measurement.
         9.3.2.6.2.   Non-dispersive ultraviolet detector (NDUV)
         A non-dispersive ultraviolet (NDUV) analyser shall be used to measure NOx concentration. If the NDUV analyser measures only NO, a NO2/NO converter shall be placed upstream of the NDUV analyser. The NDUV temperature shall be maintained to prevent aqueous condensation, unless a sample dryer is installed upstream of the NO2/NO converter, if used, or upstream of the analyser.
         9.3.2.7.   Air to fuel measurement
         The air to fuel measurement equipment used to determine the exhaust gas flow as specified in paragraph 8.4.1.6 shall be a wide range air to fuel ratio sensor or lambda sensor of Zirconia type. The sensor shall be mounted directly on the exhaust pipe where the exhaust gas temperature is high enough to eliminate water condensation.
         The accuracy of the sensor with incorporated electronics shall be within:
         
                     ± 3 per cent of reading
                  
                  
                     for
                  
                  
                     λ < 2
                  
               
                     ± 5 per cent of reading
                  
                  
                     for
                  
                  
                     2 ≤ λ < 5
                  
               
                     ± 10 per cent of reading
                  
                  
                     for
                  
                  
                     5 ≤ λ
                  
               To fulfill the accuracy specified above, the sensor shall be calibrated as specified by the instrument manufacturer.
         9.3.3.   Gases
         The shelf life of all gases shall be respected.
         9.3.3.1.   Pure gases
         The required purity of the gases is defined by the contamination limits given below. The following gases shall be available for operation:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     For raw exhaust gas
                     Purified nitrogen
                     (Contamination ≤ 1 ppm C1, ≤ 1 ppm CO, ≤ 400 ppm CO2, ≤ 0,1 ppm NO)
                     Purified oxygen
                     (Purity > 99,5 per cent vol O2)
                     Hydrogen-helium mixture (FID burner fuel)
                     (40 ± 1 per cent hydrogen, balance helium)
                     (Contamination ≤ 1 ppm C1, ≤ 400 ppm CO2)
                     Purified synthetic air
                     (Contamination ≤ 1 ppm C1, ≤ 1 ppm CO, ≤ 400 ppm CO2, ≤ 0,1 ppm NO)
                     (Oxygen content between 18-21 per cent vol.)
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     For dilute exhaust gas (optionally for raw exhaust gas)
                     Purified nitrogen
                     (Contamination ≤ 0,05 ppm C1, ≤ 1 ppm CO, ≤ 10 ppm CO2, ≤ 0,02 ppm NO)
                     Purified oxygen
                     (Purity > 99,5 per cent vol O2)
                     Hydrogen-helium mixture (FID burner fuel)
                     (40 ± 1 per cent hydrogen, balance helium)
                     (Contamination ≤ 0,05 ppm C1, ≤ 10 ppm CO2)
                     Purified synthetic air
                     (Contamination ≤ 0,05 ppm C1, ≤ 1 ppm CO, ≤ 10 ppm CO2, ≤ 0,02 ppm NO)
                     (Oxygen content between 20,5 - 21,5 per cent vol.)
                     If gas bottles are not available, a gas purifier may be used, if contamination levels can be demonstrated.
                  
               9.3.3.2.   Calibration and span gases
         Mixtures of gases having the following chemical compositions shall be available, if applicable. Other gas combinations are allowed provided the gases do not react with one another. The expiration date of the calibration gases stated by the manufacturer shall be recorded.
         C3H8 and purified synthetic air (see paragraph 9.3.3.1);
         CO and purified nitrogen;
         NO and purified nitrogen;
         NO2 and purified synthetic air;
         CO2 and purified nitrogen;
         CH4 and purified synthetic air;
         C2H6 and purified synthetic air
         The true concentration of a calibration and span gas shall be within ± 1 per cent of the nominal value, and shall be traceable to national or international standards. All concentrations of calibration gas shall be given on a volume basis (volume percent or volume ppm).
         9.3.3.3.   Gas dividers
         The gases used for calibration and span may also be obtained by means of gas dividers (precision blending devices), diluting with purified N2 or with purified synthetic air. The accuracy of the gas divider shall be such that the concentration of the blended calibration gases is accurate to within ± 2 per cent. This accuracy implies that primary gases used for blending shall be known to an accuracy of at least ± 1 per cent, traceable to national or international gas standards. The verification shall be performed at between 15 and 50 per cent of full scale for each calibration incorporating a gas divider. An additional verification may be performed using another calibration gas, if the first verification has failed.
         Optionally, the blending device may be checked with an instrument which by nature is linear, e.g. using NO gas with a CLD. The span value of the instrument shall be adjusted with the span gas directly connected to the instrument. The gas divider shall be checked at the settings used and the nominal value shall be compared to the measured concentration of the instrument. This difference shall in each point be within ± 1 per cent of the nominal value.
         For conducting the linearity verification according to paragraph 9.2.1, the gas divider shall be accurate to within ± 1 per cent.
         9.3.3.4.   Oxygen interference check gases
         Oxygen interference check gases are a blend of propane, oxygen and nitrogen. They shall contain propane with 350 ppm C ± 75 ppm C hydrocarbon. The concentration value shall be determined to calibration gas tolerances by chromatographic analysis of total hydrocarbons plus impurities or by dynamic blending. The oxygen concentrations required for positive ignition and compression ignition engine testing are listed in table 8 with the remainder being purified nitrogen.
         Table 8
         Oxygen interference check gases
         
                     Type of engine
                  
                  
                     O2 concentration (per cent)
                  
               
                     Compression ignition
                  
                  
                     21 (20 to 22)
                  
               
                     Compression and positive ignition
                  
                  
                     10 (9 to 11)
                  
               
                     Compression and positive ignition
                  
                  
                     5 (4 to 6)
                  
               
                     Positive ignition
                  
                  
                     0 (0 to 1)
                  
               9.3.4.   Leak check
         A system leak check shall be performed. The probe shall be disconnected from the exhaust system and the end plugged. The analyser pump shall be switched on. After an initial stabilisation period all flowmeters will read approximately zero in the absence of a leak. If not, the sampling lines shall be checked and the fault corrected.
         The maximum allowable leakage rate on the vacuum side shall be 0,5 per cent of the in-use flow rate for the portion of the system being checked. The analyser flows and bypass flows may be used to estimate the in-use flow rates.
         Alternatively, the system may be evacuated to a pressure of at least 20 kPa vacuum (80 kPa absolute). After an initial stabilisation period the pressure increase Δp (kPa/min) in the system shall not exceed:
         
             (71)
         where:
         
                     
                        V
                        s
                     
                  
                  
                     is the system volume, l
                  
               
                     
                        q
                        
                           vs
                     
                  
                  
                     is the system flow rate, l/min
                  
               Another method is the introduction of a concentration step change at the beginning of the sampling line by switching from zero to span gas. If for a correctly calibrated analyser after an adequate period of time the reading is ≤ 99 per cent compared to the introduced concentration, this points to a leakage problem that shall be corrected.
         9.3.5.   Response time check of the analytical system
         The system settings for the response time evaluation shall be exactly the same as during measurement of the test run (i.e. pressure, flow rates, filter settings on the analysers and all other response time influences). The response time determination shall be done with gas switching directly at the inlet of the sample probe. The gas switching shall be done in less than 0,1 s. The gases used for the test shall cause a concentration change of at least 60 per cent full scale (FS).
         The concentration trace of each single gas component shall be recorded. The response time is defined to be the difference in time between the gas switching and the appropriate change of the recorded concentration. The system response time (t
            90) consists of the delay time to the measuring detector and the rise time of the detector. The delay time is defined as the time from the change (t
            0) until the response is 10 per cent of the final reading (t
            10). The rise time is defined as the time between 10 per cent and 90 per cent response of the final reading (t
            90 – t
            10).
         For time alignment of the analyser and exhaust flow signals, the transformation time is defined as the time from the change (t
            0) until the response is 50 per cent of the final reading (t
            50).
         The system response time shall be ≤ 10 s with a rise time of ≤ 2,5 s in accordance with paragraph 9.3.1.7 for all limited components (CO, NOx, HC or NMHC) and all ranges used. When using a NMC for the measurement of NMHC, the system response time may exceed 10 s.
         9.3.6.   Efficiency test of NOx converter
         The efficiency of the converter used for the conversion of NO2 into NO is tested as given in paragraphs 9.3.6.1 to 9.3.6.8 (see figure 8).
         
            
         9.3.6.1.   Test setup
         Using the test setup as schematically shown in figure 8 and the procedure below, the efficiency of the converter shall be tested by means of an ozonator.
         9.3.6.2.   Calibration
         The CLD and the HCLD shall be calibrated in the most common operating range following the manufacturer’s specifications using zero and span gas (the NO content of which shall amount to about 80 per cent of the operating range and the NO2 concentration of the gas mixture to less than 5 per cent of the NO concentration). The NOx analyser shall be in the NO mode so that the span gas does not pass through the converter. The indicated concentration has to be recorded.
         9.3.6.3.   Calculation
         The per cent efficiency of the converter shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (72)
         where:
         
                     
                        a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the NOx concentration according to paragraph 9.3.6.6.
                  
               
                     
                        b
                     
                  
                  
                     is the NOx concentration according to paragraph 9.3.6.7.
                  
               
                     
                        c
                     
                  
                  
                     is the NO concentration according to paragraph 9.3.6.4.
                  
               
                     
                        d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the NO concentration according to paragraph 9.3.6.5.
                  
               9.3.6.4.   Adding of oxygen
         Via a T-fitting, oxygen or zero air shall be added continuously to the gas flow until the concentration indicated is about 20 per cent less than the indicated calibration concentration given in paragraph 9.3.6.2 (the analyser is in the NO mode).
         The indicated concentration (c) shall be recorded. The ozonator is kept deactivated throughout the process.
         9.3.6.5.   Activation of the ozonator
         The ozonator shall be activated to generate enough ozone to bring the NO concentration down to about 20 per cent (minimum 10 per cent) of the calibration concentration given in paragraph 9.3.6.2. The indicated concentration (d) shall be recorded (the analyser is in the NO mode).
         9.3.6.6.   NOx mode
         The NO analyser shall be switched to the NOx mode so that the gas mixture (consisting of NO, NO2, O2 and N2) now passes through the converter. The indicated concentration (a) shall be recorded (the analyser is in the NOx mode).
         9.3.6.7.   Deactivation of the ozonator
         The ozonator is now deactivated. The mixture of gases described in paragraph 9.3.6.6 passes through the converter into the detector. The indicated concentration (b) shall be recorded (the analyser is in the NOx mode).
         9.3.6.8.   NO mode
         Switched to NO mode with the ozonator deactivated, the flow of oxygen or synthetic air shall be shut off. The NOx reading of the analyser shall not deviate by more than ± 5 per cent from the value measured according to paragraph 9.3.6.2 (the analyser is in the NO mode).
         9.3.6.9.   Test interval
         The efficiency of the converter shall be tested at least once per month.
         9.3.6.10.   Efficiency requirement
         The efficiency of the converter E
            NOx shall not be less than 95 per cent.
         If, with the analyser in the most common range, the ozonator cannot give a reduction from 80 per cent to 20 per cent according to paragraph 9.3.6.5, the highest range which will give the reduction shall be used.
         9.3.7.   Adjustment of the FID
         9.3.7.1.   Optimisation of the detector response
         The FID shall be adjusted as specified by the instrument manufacturer. A propane in air span gas shall be used to optimise the response on the most common operating range.
         With the fuel and airflow rates set at the manufacturer’s recommendations, a 350 ± 75 ppm C span gas shall be introduced to the analyser. The response at a given fuel flow shall be determined from the difference between the span gas response and the zero gas response. The fuel flow shall be incrementally adjusted above and below the manufacturer’s specification. The span and zero response at these fuel flows shall be recorded. The difference between the span and zero response shall be plotted and the fuel flow adjusted to the rich side of the curve. This is the initial flow rate setting which may need further optimisation depending on the results of the hydrocarbon response factors and the oxygen interference check according to paragraphs 9.3.7.2 and 9.3.7.3. If the oxygen interference or the hydrocarbon response factors do not meet the following specifications, the airflow shall be incrementally adjusted above and below the manufacturer’s specifications, repeating paragraphs 9.3.7.2 and 9.3.7.3 for each flow.
         The optimisation may optionally be conducted using the procedures outlined in SAE paper No 770141.
         9.3.7.2.   Hydrocarbon response factors
         A linearity verification of the analyser shall be performed using propane in air and purified synthetic air according to paragraph 9.2.1.3.
         Response factors shall be determined when introducing an analyser into service and after major service intervals. The response factor (r
            h) for a particular hydrocarbon species is the ratio of the FID C1 reading to the gas concentration in the cylinder expressed by ppm C1.
         The concentration of the test gas shall be at a level to give a response of approximately 80 per cent of full scale. The concentration shall be known to an accuracy of ± 2 per cent in reference to a gravimetric standard expressed in volume. In addition, the gas cylinder shall be preconditioned for 24 hours at a temperature of 298 K ± 5 K (25 °C ± 5 °C).
         The test gases to be used and the relative response factor ranges are as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     methane and purified synthetic air
                  
                  
                     1,00 ≤ r
                        h ≤ 1,15
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     propylene and purified synthetic air
                  
                  
                     0,90 ≤ r
                        h ≤ 1,1
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     toluene and purified synthetic air
                  
                  
                     0,90 ≤ r
                        h ≤ 1,1
                  
               These values are relative to a r
            h of 1 for propane and purified synthetic air.
         9.3.7.3.   Oxygen interference check
         For raw exhaust gas analysers only, the oxygen interference check shall be performed when introducing an analyser into service and after major service intervals.
         A measuring range shall be chosen where the oxygen interference check gases will fall in the upper 50 per cent. The test shall be conducted with the oven temperature set as required. Oxygen interference check gas specifications are found in paragraph 9.3.3.4.
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the analyser shall be set at zero;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the analyser shall be spanned with the 0 per cent oxygen blend for positive ignition engines. Compression ignition engine instruments shall be spanned with the 21 per cent oxygen blend;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     the zero response shall be rechecked. If it has changed by more than 0,5 per cent of full scale, steps (a) and (b) of this paragraph shall be repeated;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     the 5 per cent and 10 per cent oxygen interference check gases shall be introduced;
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     the zero response shall be rechecked. If it has changed by more than ± 1 per cent of full scale, the test shall be repeated;
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     the oxygen interference E
                        O2 shall be calculated for each mixture in step (d) as follows:
                     
                         (73)
                     with the analyser response being
                     
                         (74)
                     where:
                     
                                 
                                    c
                                    ref,b
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the reference HC concentration in step (b), ppm C
                              
                           
                                 
                                    c
                                    ref,d
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the reference HC concentration in step (d), ppm C
                              
                           
                                 
                                    c
                                    FS,b
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the full scale HC concentration in step (b), ppm C
                              
                           
                                 
                                    c
                                    FS,d
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the full scale HC concentration in step (d), ppm C
                              
                           
                                 
                                    c
                                    m,b
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the measured HC concentration in step (b), ppm C
                              
                           
                                 
                                    c
                                    m,d
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the measured HC concentration in step (d), ppm C
                              
                           
               
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     The oxygen interference E
                        O2 shall be less than ±1,5 per cent for all required oxygen interference check gases prior to testing.
                  
               
                     (h)
                  
                  
                     If the oxygen interference E
                        O2 is greater than ±1,5 per cent, corrective action may be taken by incrementally adjusting the airflow above and below the manufacturer’s specifications, the fuel flow and the sample flow.
                  
               
                     (i)
                  
                  
                     The oxygen interference shall be repeated for each new setting.
                  
               9.3.8.   Efficiency of the non-methane cutter (NMC)
         The NMC is used for the removal of the non-methane hydrocarbons from the sample gas by oxidising all hydrocarbons except methane. Ideally, the conversion for methane is 0 per cent, and for the other hydrocarbons represented by ethane is 100 per cent. For the accurate measurement of NMHC, the two efficiencies shall be determined and used for the calculation of the NMHC emission mass flow rate (see paragraph 8.5.2).
         9.3.8.1.   Methane efficiency
         Methane calibration gas shall be flown through the FID with and without bypassing the NMC and the two concentrations recorded. The efficiency shall be determined as follows:
         
             (75)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/NMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with CH4 flowing through the NMC, ppm C
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/oNMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with CH4 bypassing the NMC, ppm C
                  
               9.3.8.2.   Ethane efficiency
         Ethane calibration gas shall be flown through the FID with and without bypassing the NMC and the two concentrations recorded. The efficiency shall be determined as follows:
         
             (76)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/NMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with C2H6 flowing through the NMC, ppm C
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC(w/oNMC)
                     
                  
                  
                     is the HC concentration with C2H6 bypassing the NMC, ppm C
                  
               9.3.9.   Interference effects
         Other gases than the one being analysed can interfere with the reading in several ways. Positive interference occurs in NDIR instruments where the interfering gas gives the same effect as the gas being measured, but to a lesser degree. Negative interference occurs in NDIR instruments by the interfering gas broadening the absorption band of the measured gas, and in CLD instruments by the interfering gas quenching the reaction. The interference checks in paragraphs 9.3.9.1 and 9.3.9.3 shall be performed prior to an analyser’s initial use and after major service intervals.
         9.3.9.1.   CO analyser interference check
         Water and CO2 can interfere with the CO analyser performance. Therefore, a CO2 span gas having a concentration of 80 to 100 per cent of full scale of the maximum operating range used during testing shall be bubbled through water at room temperature and the analyser response recorded. The analyser response shall not be more than 2 per cent of the mean CO concentration expected during testing.
         Interference procedures for CO2 and H2O may also be run separately. If the CO2 and H2O levels used are higher than the maximum levels expected during testing, each observed interference value shall be scaled down by multiplying the observed interference by the ratio of the maximum expected concentration value to the actual value used during this procedure. Separate interference procedures concentrations of H2O that are lower than the maximum levels expected during testing may be run, but the observed H2O interference shall be scaled up by multiplying the observed interference by the ratio of the maximum expected H2O concentration value to the actual value used during this procedure. The sum of the two scaled interference values shall meet the tolerance specified in this paragraph.
         9.3.9.2.   NOx analyser quench checks for CLD analyser
         The two gases of concern for CLD (and HCLD) analysers are CO2 and water vapour. Quench responses to these gases are proportional to their concentrations, and therefore require test techniques to determine the quench at the highest expected concentrations experienced during testing. If the CLD analyser uses quench compensation algorithms that utilise H2O and/or CO2 measurement instruments, quench shall be evaluated with these instruments active and with the compensation algorithms applied.
         9.3.9.2.1.   CO2 quench check
         A CO2 span gas having a concentration of 80 to 100 per cent of full scale of the maximum operating range shall be passed through the NDIR analyser and the CO2 value recorded as A. It shall then be diluted approximately 50 per cent with NO span gas and passed through the NDIR and CLD, with the CO2 and NO values recorded as B and C, respectively. The CO2 shall then be shut off and only the NO span gas be passed through the (H)CLD and the NO value recorded as D.
         The per cent quench shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (77)
         where:
         
                     
                        A
                     
                  
                  
                     is the undiluted CO2 concentration measured with NDIR, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        B
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diluted CO2 concentration measured with NDIR, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        C
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diluted NO concentration measured with (H)CLD, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the undiluted NO concentration measured with (H)CLD, ppm
                  
               Alternative methods of diluting and quantifying of CO2 and NO span gas values such as dynamic mixing/blending are permitted with the approval of the type approval authority.
         9.3.9.2.2.   Water quench check
         This check applies to wet gas concentration measurements only. Calculation of water quench shall consider dilution of the NO span gas with water vapour and scaling of water vapour concentration of the mixture to that expected during testing.
         A NO span gas having a concentration of 80 per cent to 100 per cent of full scale of the normal operating range shall be passed through the (H) CLD and the NO value recorded as D. The NO span gas shall then be bubbled through water at room temperature and passed through the (H) CLD and the NO value recorded as C. The water temperature shall be determined and recorded as F. The mixture’s saturation vapour pressure that corresponds to the bubbler water temperature (F) shall be determined and recorded as G.
         The water vapour concentration (in per cent) of the mixture shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (78)
         and recorded as H. The expected diluted NO span gas (in water vapour) concentration shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (79)
         and recorded as D
            e. For diesel exhaust, the maximum exhaust water vapour concentration (in per cent) expected during testing shall be estimated, under the assumption of a fuel H/C ratio of 1,8/1, from the maximum CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas A as follows:
         
             (80)
         and recorded as H
            m
         
         The per cent water quench shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (81)
         where:
         
                     
                        D
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     De is the expected diluted NO concentration, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        C
                     
                  
                  
                     is the measured diluted NO concentration, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        H
                        m
                     
                  
                  
                     is the maximum water vapour concentration, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        H
                     
                  
                  
                     is the actual water vapour concentration, per cent
                  
               9.3.9.2.3.   Maximum allowable quench
         The combined CO2 and water quench shall not exceed 2 per cent of full scale.
         9.3.9.3.   NOx analyser quench check for NDUV analyser
         Hydrocarbons and H2O can positively interfere with a NDUV analyser by causing a response similar to NOx. If the NDUV analyser uses compensation algorithms that utilise measurements of other gases to meet this interference verification, simultaneously such measurements shall be conducted to test the algorithms during the analyser interference verification.
         9.3.9.3.1.   Procedure
         The NDUV analyser shall be started, operated, zeroed, and spanned according to the instrument manufacturer’s instructions. It is recommended to extract engine exhaust to perform this verification. A CLD shall be used to quantify NOx in the exhaust. The CLD response shall be used as the reference value. Also HC shall be measured in the exhaust with a FID analyser. The FID response shall be used as the reference hydrocarbon value.
         Upstream of any sample dryer, if used during testing, the engine exhaust shall be introduced into the NDUV analyser. Time shall be allowed for the analyser response to stabilise. Stabilisation time may include time to purge the transfer line and to account for analyser response. While all analysers measure the sample’s concentration, 30 s of sampled data shall be recorded, and the arithmetic means for the three analysers calculated.
         The CLD mean value shall be subtracted from the NDUV mean value. This difference shall be multiplied by the ratio of the expected mean HC concentration to the HC concentration measured during the verification, as follows:
         
             (82)
         where
         
                     
                        c
                        NOx,CLD
                     
                  
                  
                     is the measured NOx concentration with CLD, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        NOx,NDUV
                     
                  
                  
                     is the measured NOx concentration with NDUV, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the expected max. HC concentration, ppm
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        HC,e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the measured HC concentration, ppm
                  
               9.3.9.3.2.   Maximum allowable quench
         The combined HC and water quench shall not exceed 2 per cent of the NOx concentration expected during testing.
         9.3.9.4.   Sample dryer
         A sample dryer removes water, which can otherwise interfere with a NOx measurement.
         9.3.9.4.1.   Sample dryer efficiency
         For dry CLD analysers, it shall be demonstrated that for the highest expected water vapour concentration H
            m (see paragraph 9.3.9.2.2), the sample dryer maintains CLD humidity at ≤ 5 g water/kg dry air (or about 0,008 per cent H2O), which is 100 per cent relative humidity at 3,9 °C and 101,3 kPa. This humidity specification is also equivalent to about 25 per cent relative humidity at 25 °C and 101,3 kPa. This may be demonstrated by measuring the temperature at the outlet of a thermal dehumidifier, or by measuring humidity at a point just upstream of the CLD. Humidity of the CLD exhaust might also be measured as long as the only flow into the CLD is the flow from the dehumidifier.
         9.3.9.4.2.   Sample dryer NO2 penetration
         Liquid water remaining in an improperly designed sample dryer can remove NO2 from the sample. If a sample dryer is used in combination with an NDUV analyser without an NO2/NO converter upstream, it could therefore remove NO2 from the sample prior NOx measurement.
         The sample dryer shall allow for measuring at least 95 per cent of the total NO2 at the maximum expected concentration of NO2.
         9.3.10.   Sampling for raw gaseous emissions, if applicable
         The gaseous emissions sampling probes shall be fitted at least 0,5 m or 3 times the diameter of the exhaust pipe — whichever is the larger — upstream of the exit of the exhaust gas system but sufficiently close to the engine as to ensure an exhaust gas temperature of at least 343 K (70 °C) at the probe.
         In the case of a multi-cylinder engine with a branched exhaust manifold, the inlet of the probe shall be located sufficiently far downstream so as to ensure that the sample is representative of the average exhaust emissions from all cylinders. In multi-cylinder engines having distinct groups of manifolds, such as in a “Vee” engine configuration, it is recommended to combine the manifolds upstream of the sampling probe. If this is not practical, it is permissible to acquire a sample from the group with the highest CO2 emission. For exhaust emission calculation the total exhaust mass flow shall be used.
         If the engine is equipped with an exhaust after-treatment system, the exhaust sample shall be taken downstream of the exhaust after-treatment system.
         9.3.11.   Sampling for dilute gaseous emissions, if applicable
         The exhaust pipe between the engine and the full flow dilution system shall conform to the requirements laid down in Appendix 3. The gaseous emissions sample probe(s) shall be installed in the dilution tunnel at a point where the diluent and exhaust gas are well mixed, and in close proximity to the particulates sampling probe.
         Sampling can generally be done in two ways:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the emissions are sampled into a sampling bag over the cycle and measured after completion of the test; for HC, the sample bag shall be heated to 464 ± 11 K (191 ± 11 °C), for NOx, the sample bag temperature shall be above the dew point temperature;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the emissions are sampled continuously and integrated over the cycle.
                  
               The background concentration shall be determined upstream of the dilution tunnel according to (a) or (b), and shall be subtracted from the emissions concentration according to paragraph 8.5.2.3.2.
         9.4.   Particulate measurement and sampling system
         9.4.1.   General specifications
         To determine the mass of the particulates, a particulate dilution and sampling system, a particulate sampling filter, a microgram balance, and a temperature and humidity controlled weighing chamber, are required. The particulate sampling system shall be designed to ensure a representative sample of the particulates proportional to the exhaust flow.
         9.4.2.   General requirements of the dilution system
         The determination of the particulates requires dilution of the sample with filtered ambient air, synthetic air or nitrogen (the diluent). The dilution system shall be set as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     completely eliminate water condensation in the dilution and sampling systems;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     maintain the temperature of the diluted exhaust gas between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C) within 20 cm upstream or downstream of the filter holder(s);
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     the diluent temperature shall be between 293 K and 325 K (20 °C to 52 °C) in close proximity to the entrance into the dilution tunnel;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     the minimum dilution ratio shall be within the range of 5:1 to 7:1 and at least 2:1 for the primary dilution stage based on the maximum engine exhaust flow rate;
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     for a partial flow dilution system, the residence time in the system from the point of diluent introduction to the filter holder(s) shall be between 0,5 and 5 seconds;
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     for a full flow dilution system, the overall residence time in the system from the point of diluent introduction to the filter holder(s) shall be between 1 and 5 seconds, and the residence time in the secondary dilution system, if used, from the point of secondary diluent introduction to the filter holder(s) shall be at least 0,5 seconds.
                  
               Dehumidifying the diluent before entering the dilution system is permitted, and especially useful if diluent humidity is high.
         9.4.3.   Particulate sampling
         9.4.3.1.   Partial flow dilution system
         The particulate sampling probe shall be installed in close proximity to the gaseous emissions sampling probe, but sufficiently distant as to not cause interference. Therefore, the installation provisions of paragraph 9.3.10 also apply to particulate sampling. The sampling line shall conform to the requirements laid down in Appendix 3.
         In the case of a multi-cylinder engine with a branched exhaust manifold, the inlet of the probe shall be located sufficiently far downstream so as to ensure that the sample is representative of the average exhaust emissions from all cylinders. In multi-cylinder engines having distinct groups of manifolds, such as in a “Vee” engine configuration, it is recommended to combine the manifolds upstream of the sampling probe. If this is not practical, it is permissible to acquire a sample from the group with the highest particulate emission. For exhaust emission calculation the total exhaust mass flow of the manifold shall be used.
         9.4.3.2.   Full flow dilution system
         The particulate sampling probe shall be installed in close proximity to the gaseous emissions sampling probe, but sufficiently distant as to not cause interference, in the dilution tunnel. Therefore, the installation provisions of paragraph 9.3.11 also apply to particulate sampling. The sampling line shall conform to the requirements laid down in Appendix 3.
         9.4.4.   Particulate sampling filters
         The diluted exhaust shall be sampled by a filter that meets the requirements of paragraphs 9.4.4.1 to 9.4.4.3 during the test sequence.
         9.4.4.1.   Filter specification
         All filter types shall have a 0,3 µm DOP (di-octylphthalate) collection efficiency of at least 99 per cent. The filter material shall be either:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     fluorocarbon (PTFE) coated glass fibre, or
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     fluorocarbon (PTFE) membrane.
                  
               9.4.4.2.   Filter size
         The filter shall be circular with a nominal diameter of 47 mm (tolerance of 46,50 ± 0,6 mm) and an exposed diameter (filter stain diameter) of at least 38 mm.
         9.4.4.3.   Filter face velocity
         The face velocity through the filter shall be between 0,90 and 1,00 m/s with less than 5 per cent of the recorded flow values exceeding this range. If the total PM mass on the filter exceeds 400 µg, the filter face velocity may be reduced to 0,50 m/s. The face velocity shall be calculated as the volumetric flow rate of the sample at the pressure upstream of the filter and temperature of the filter face, divided by the filter’s exposed area.
         9.4.5.   Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications
         The chamber (or room) environment shall be free of any ambient contaminants (such as dust, aerosol, or semi-volatile material) that could contaminate the particulate filters. The weighing room shall meet the required specifications for at least 60 min before weighing filters.
         9.4.5.1.   Weighing chamber conditions
         The temperature of the chamber (or room) in which the particulate filters are conditioned and weighed shall be maintained to within 295 K ± 1 K (22 °C ± 1 °C) during all filter conditioning and weighing. The humidity shall be maintained to a dew point of 282,5 K ± 1 K (9,5 °C ± 1 °C).
         If the stabilisation and weighing environments are separate, the temperature of the stabilisation environment shall be maintained at a tolerance of 295 K ± 3 K (22 °C ± 3 °C), but the dew point requirement remains at 282,5 K ± 1 K (9,5 °C ± 1 °C).
         Humidity and ambient temperature shall be recorded.
         9.4.5.2.   Reference filter weighing
         At least two unused reference filters shall be weighed within 12 hours of, but preferably at the same time as the sample filter weighing. They shall be the same material as the sample filters. Buoyancy correction shall be applied to the weighings.
         If the weight of any of the reference filters changes between sample filter weighings by more than 10 µg, all sample filters shall be discarded and the emissions test repeated.
         The reference filters shall be periodically replaced based on good engineering judgement, but at least once per year.
         9.4.5.3.   Analytical balance
         The analytical balance used to determine the filter weight shall meet the linearity verification criterion of paragraph 9.2, table 7. This implies a precision (standard deviation) of at least 2 µg and a resolution of at least 1 µg (1 digit = 1 µg).
         In order to ensure accurate filter weighing, it is recommended that the balance be installed as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     installed on a vibration-isolation platform to isolate it from external noise and vibration;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     shielded from convective airflow with a static-dissipating draft shield that is electrically grounded.
                  
               9.4.5.4.   Elimination of static electricity effects
         The filter shall be neutralised prior to weighing, e.g. by a Polonium neutraliser or a device of similar effect. If a PTFE membrane filter is used, the static electricity shall be measured and is recommended to be within ±2,0 V of neutral.
         Static electric charge shall be minimised in the balance environment. Possible methods are as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the balance shall be electrically grounded;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     stainless steel tweezers shall be used if PM samples are handled manually;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     tweezers shall be grounded with a grounding strap, or a grounding strap shall be provided for the operator such that the grounding strap shares a common ground with the balance. Grounding straps shall have an appropriate resistor to protect operators from accidental shock.
                  
               9.4.5.5.   Additional specifications
         All parts of the dilution system and the sampling system from the exhaust pipe up to the filter holder, which are in contact with raw and diluted exhaust gas, shall be designed to minimise deposition or alteration of the particulates. All parts shall be made of electrically conductive materials that do not react with exhaust gas components, and shall be electrically grounded to prevent electrostatic effects.
         9.4.5.6.   Calibration of the flow measurement instrumentation
         Each flowmeter used in a particulate sampling and partial flow dilution system shall be subjected to the linearity verification, as described in paragraph 9.2.1, as often as necessary to fulfil the accuracy requirements of this gtr. For the flow reference values, an accurate flowmeter traceable to international and/or national standards shall be used. For differential flow measurement calibration see paragraph 9.4.6.2.
         9.4.6.   Special requirements for the partial flow dilution system
         The partial flow dilution system has to be designed to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample from the engine exhaust stream, thus responding to excursions in the exhaust stream flow rate. For this it is essential that the dilution ratio or the sampling ratio r
            d or r
            s be determined such that the accuracy requirements of paragraph 9.4.6.2 are fulfilled.
         9.4.6.1.   System response time
         For the control of a partial flow dilution system, a fast system response is required. The transformation time for the system shall be determined by the procedure in paragraph 9.4.6.6. If the combined transformation time of the exhaust flow measurement (see paragraph 8.3.1.2) and the partial flow system is ≤ 0,3 s, online control shall be used. If the transformation time exceeds 0,3 s, look ahead control based on a pre-recorded test run shall be used. In this case, the combined rise time shall be ≤ 1 s and the combined delay time ≤ 10 s.
         The total system response shall be designed as to ensure a representative sample of the particulates, q
            
               mp,i, proportional to the exhaust mass flow. To determine the proportionality, a regression analysis of q
            
               mp,i versus q
            
               mew,i shall be conducted on a minimum 5 Hz data acquisition rate, and the following criteria shall be met:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the coefficient of determination r
                        2 of the linear regression between q
                        mp,i and q
                        
                           mew,i shall not be less than 0,95;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the standard error of estimate of q
                        
                           mp,i on q
                        
                           mew,i shall not exceed 5 per cent of q
                        
                           mp maximum;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     
                        q
                        
                           mp intercept of the regression line shall not exceed ± 2 per cent of q
                        
                           mp maximum.
                  
               Look-ahead control is required if the combined transformation times of the particulate system, t
            50,P and of the exhaust mass flow signal, t
            50,F are > 0,3 s. In this case, a pre-test shall be run, and the exhaust mass flow signal of the pre-test be used for controlling the sample flow into the particulate system. A correct control of the partial dilution system is obtained, if the time trace of q
            
               mew,pre of the pre-test, which controls q
            
               mp, is shifted by a “look-ahead” time of t
            50,P + t
            50,F.
         For establishing the correlation between q
            
               mp,i and q
            
               mew,i the data taken during the actual test shall be used, with q
            
               mew,i time aligned by t50,F relative to q
            
               mp,i (no contribution from t
            50,P to the time alignment). That is, the time shift between q
            
               mew and q
            
               mp is the difference in their transformation times that were determined in paragraph 9.4.6.6.
         9.4.6.2.   Specifications for differential flow measurement
         For partial flow dilution systems, the accuracy of the sample flow q
            
               mp is of special concern, if not measured directly, but determined by differential flow measurement:
         
             (83)
         In this case, the maximum error of the difference shall be such that the accuracy of q
            
               mp is within ± 5 per cent when the dilution ratio is less than 15. It can be calculated by taking root-mean-square of the errors of each instrument.
         Acceptable accuracies of q
            
               mp can be obtained by either of the following methods:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the absolute accuracies of q
                        
                           mdew and q
                        
                           mdw are ±0,2 per cent which guarantees an accuracy of q
                        
                           mp of ≤ 5 per cent at a dilution ratio of 15. However, greater errors will occur at higher dilution ratios;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     calibration of q
                        
                           mdw relative to q
                        
                           mdew is carried out such that the same accuracies for q
                        
                           mp as in (a) are obtained. For details see paragraph 9.4.6.2;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     the accuracy of q
                        
                           mp is determined indirectly from the accuracy of the dilution ratio as determined by a tracer gas, e.g. CO2. Accuracies equivalent to method (a) for q
                        
                           mp are required;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     the absolute accuracy of q
                        
                           mdew and q
                        
                           mdw is within ± 2 per cent of full scale, the maximum error of the difference between q
                        
                           mdew and q
                        
                           mdw is within 0,2 per cent, and the linearity error is within ±0,2 per cent of the highest q
                        
                           mdew observed during the test.
                  
               9.4.6.3.   Calibration of differential flow measurement
         The flowmeter or the flow measurement instrumentation shall be calibrated in one of the following procedures, such that the probe flow q
            
               mp into the tunnel shall fulfil the accuracy requirements of paragraph 9.4.6.2:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     The flowmeter for q
                        
                           mdw shall be connected in series to the flowmeter for q
                        
                           mdew, the difference between the two flowmeters shall be calibrated for at least 5 set points with flow values equally spaced between the lowest q
                        
                           mdw value used during the test and the value of q
                        
                           mdew used during the test. The dilution tunnel may be bypassed.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     A calibrated flow device shall be connected in series to the flowmeter for q
                        
                           mdew and the accuracy shall be checked for the value used for the test. The calibrated flow device shall be connected in series to the flowmeter for q
                        
                           mdw, and the accuracy shall be checked for at least 5 settings corresponding to dilution ratio between 3 and 50, relative to q
                        
                           mdew used during the test.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     The transfer tube (TT) shall be disconnected from the exhaust, and a calibrated flow-measuring device with a suitable range to measure q
                        
                           mp shall be connected to the transfer tube. q
                        
                           mdew shall be set to the value used during the test, and q
                        
                           mdw shall be sequentially set to at least 5 values corresponding to dilution ratios between 3 and 50. Alternatively, a special calibration flow path may be provided, in which the tunnel is bypassed, but the total and dilution airflow through the corresponding meters as in the actual test.
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     A tracer gas shall be fed into the exhaust transfer tube TT. This tracer gas may be a component of the exhaust gas, like CO2 or NOx. After dilution in the tunnel the tracer gas component shall be measured. This shall be carried out for 5 dilution ratios between 3 and 50. The accuracy of the sample flow shall be determined from the dilution ratio r
                        d:
                     
                         (84)
                     The accuracies of the gas analysers shall be taken into account to guarantee the accuracy of q
                        
                           mp.
                  
               9.4.6.4.   Carbon flow check
         A carbon flow check using actual exhaust is strongly recommended for detecting measurement and control problems and verifying the proper operation of the partial flow system. The carbon flow check should be run at least each time a new engine is installed, or something significant is changed in the test cell configuration.
         The engine shall be operated at peak torque load and speed or any other steady state mode that produces 5 per cent or more of CO2. The partial flow sampling system shall be operated with a dilution factor of about 15 to 1.
         If a carbon flow check is conducted, the procedure given in Appendix 5 shall be applied. The carbon flow rates shall be calculated according to equations 80 to 82 in Appendix 5. All carbon flow rates should agree to within 3 per cent.
         9.4.6.5.   Pre-test check
         A pre-test check shall be performed within 2 hours before the test run in the following way.
         The accuracy of the flowmeters shall be checked by the same method as used for calibration (see paragraph 9.4.6.2) for at least two points, including flow values of q
            
               mdw that correspond to dilution ratios between 5 and 15 for the q
            
               mdew value used during the test.
         If it can be demonstrated by records of the calibration procedure under paragraph 9.4.6.2 that the flowmeter calibration is stable over a longer period of time, the pre-test check may be omitted.
         9.4.6.6.   Determination of the transformation time
         The system settings for the transformation time evaluation shall be exactly the same as during measurement of the test run. The transformation time shall be determined by the following method.
         An independent reference flowmeter with a measurement range appropriate for the probe flow shall be put in series with and closely coupled to the probe. This flowmeter shall have a transformation time of less than 100 ms for the flow step size used in the response time measurement, with flow restriction sufficiently low as to not affect the dynamic performance of the partial flow dilution system, and consistent with good engineering practice.
         A step change shall be introduced to the exhaust flow (or airflow if exhaust flow is calculated) input of the partial flow dilution system, from a low flow to at least 90 per cent of maximum exhaust flow. The trigger for the step change shall be the same one used to start the look-ahead control in actual testing. The exhaust flow step stimulus and the flowmeter response shall be recorded at a sample rate of at least 10 Hz.
         From this data, the transformation time shall be determined for the partial flow dilution system, which is the time from the initiation of the step stimulus to the 50 per cent point of the flowmeter response. In a similar manner, the transformation times of the q
            mp signal of the partial flow dilution system and of the q
            mew,i signal of the exhaust flowmeter shall be determined. These signals are used in the regression checks performed after each test (see paragraph 9.4.6.1)
         The calculation shall be repeated for at least 5 rise and fall stimuli, and the results shall be averaged. The internal transformation time (< 100 ms) of the reference flowmeter shall be subtracted from this value. This is the “look-ahead” value of the partial flow dilution system, which shall be applied in accordance with paragraph 9.4.6.1.
         9.5.   Calibration of the CVS system
         9.5.1.   General
         The CVS system shall be calibrated by using an accurate flowmeter and a restricting device. The flow through the system shall be measured at different restriction settings, and the control parameters of the system shall be measured and related to the flow.
         Various types of flowmeters may be used, e.g. calibrated venturi, calibrated laminar flowmeter, calibrated turbine meter.
         9.5.2.   Calibration of the positive displacement pump (PDP)
         All the parameters related to the pump shall be simultaneously measured along with the parameters related to a calibration venturi which is connected in series with the pump. The calculated flow rate (in m3/s at pump inlet, absolute pressure and temperature) shall be plotted versus a correlation function which is the value of a specific combination of pump parameters. The linear equation which relates the pump flow and the correlation function shall be determined. If a CVS has a multiple speed drive, the calibration shall be performed for each range used.
         Temperature stability shall be maintained during calibration.
         Leaks in all the connections and ducting between the calibration venturi and the CVS pump shall be maintained lower than 0,3 per cent of the lowest flow point (highest restriction and lowest PDP speed point).
         9.5.2.1.   Data analysis
         The airflow rate (q
            
               vCVS) at each restriction setting (minimum 6 settings) shall be calculated in standard m3/s from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer’s prescribed method. The airflow rate shall then be converted to pump flow (V
            0) in m3/rev at absolute pump inlet temperature and pressure as follows:
         
             (85)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           vCVS
                     
                  
                  
                     is the airflow rate at standard conditions (101,3 kPa, 273 K), m3/s
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the temperature at pump inlet, K
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute pressure at pump inlet, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        n
                     
                  
                  
                     is the pump speed, rev/s
                  
               To account for the interaction of pressure variations at the pump and the pump slip rate, the correlation function (X
            0) between pump speed, pressure differential from pump inlet to pump outlet and absolute pump outlet pressure shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (86)
         where:
         
                     
                        Δp
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the pressure differential from pump inlet to pump outlet, kPa
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute outlet pressure at pump outlet, kPa
                  
               A linear least-square fit shall be performed to generate the calibration equation as follows:
         
             (87)
         
            D
            0 and m are the intercept and slope, respectively, describing the regression lines.
         For a CVS system with multiple speeds, the calibration curves generated for the different pump flow ranges shall be approximately parallel, and the intercept values (D
            0) shall increase as the pump flow range decreases.
         The calculated values from the equation shall be within ±0,5 per cent of the measured value of V
            0. Values of m will vary from one pump to another. Particulate influx over time will cause the pump slip to decrease, as reflected by lower values for m. Therefore, calibration shall be performed at pump start-up, after major maintenance, and if the total system verification indicates a change of the slip rate.
         9.5.3.   Calibration of the critical flow venturi (CFV)
         Calibration of the CFV is based upon the flow equation for a critical venturi. Gas flow is a function of venturi inlet pressure and temperature.
         To determine the range of critical flow, K
            v shall be plotted as a function of venturi inlet pressure. For critical (choked) flow, K
            v will have a relatively constant value. As pressure decreases (vacuum increases), the venturi becomes unchoked and K
            v decreases, which indicates that the CFV is operated outside the permissible range.
         9.5.3.1.   Data analysis
         The airflow rate (q
            
               vCVS) at each restriction setting (minimum 8 settings) shall be calculated in standard m3/s from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer’s prescribed method. The calibration coefficient shall be calculated from the calibration data for each setting as follows:
         
             (88)
         where:
         
                     
                        q
                        
                           vCVS
                     
                  
                  
                     is the airflow rate at standard conditions (101,3 kPa, 273 K), m3/s
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the temperature at the venturi inlet, K
                  
               
                     
                        p
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute pressure at venturi inlet, kPa
                  
               The average K
            V and the standard deviation shall be calculated. The standard deviation shall not exceed ±0,3 per cent of the average K
            V.
         9.5.4.   Calibration of the subsonic venturi (SSV)
         Calibration of the SSV is based upon the flow equation for a subsonic venturi. Gas flow is a function of inlet pressure and temperature, pressure drop between the SSV inlet and throat, as shown in equation 43 (see paragraph 8.5.1.4).
         9.5.4.1.   Data analysis
         The airflow rate (Q
            SSV) at each restriction setting (minimum 16 settings) shall be calculated in standard m3/s from the flowmeter data using the manufacturer’s prescribed method. The discharge coefficient shall be calculated from the calibration data for each setting as follows:
         
             (89)
         where:
         
                     
                        Q
                        SSV
                     
                  
                  
                     is the airflow rate at standard conditions (101,3 kPa, 273 K), m3/s
                  
               
                     
                        T
                     
                  
                  
                     is the temperature at the venturi inlet, K
                  
               
                     
                        d
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diameter of the SSV throat, m
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the ratio of the SSV throat to inlet absolute static pressure = 
                  
               
                     
                        r
                        D
                     
                  
                  
                     is the ratio of the SSV throat diameter, d
                        V, to the inlet pipe inner diameter D
                     
                  
               To determine the range of subsonic flow, C
            d shall be plotted as a function of Reynolds number Re, at the SSV throat. The Re at the SSV throat shall be calculated with the following equation:
         
             (90)
         with
         
             (91)
         where:
         
                     A1
                     
                  
                  
                     is 25,55152 in SI units of 
                  
               
                     
                        Q
                        SSV
                     
                  
                  
                     is the airflow rate at standard conditions (101,3 kPa, 273 K), m3/s
                  
               
                     
                        d
                        V
                     
                  
                  
                     is the diameter of the SSV throat, m
                  
               
                     
                        μ
                     
                  
                  
                     is the absolute or dynamic viscosity of the gas, kg/ms
                  
               
                     b
                  
                  
                     is 1,458 × 106 (empirical constant), kg/ms K0,5
                     
                  
               
                     S
                  
                  
                     is 110,4 (empirical constant), K
                  
               Because Q
            SSV is an input to the Re equation, the calculations shall be started with an initial guess for Q
            SSV or C
            d of the calibration venturi, and repeated until Q
            SSV converges. The convergence method shall be accurate to 0,1 per cent of point or better.
         For a minimum of sixteen points in the region of subsonic flow, the calculated values of C
            d from the resulting calibration curve fit equation shall be within ±0,5 per cent of the measured C
            d for each calibration point.
         9.5.5.   Total system verification
         The total accuracy of the CVS sampling system and analytical system shall be determined by introducing a known mass of a pollutant gas into the system while it is being operated in the normal manner. The pollutant is analysed, and the mass calculated according to paragraph 8.5.2.4 except in the case of propane where a u factor of 0,000472 is used in place of 0,000480 for HC. Either of the following two techniques shall be used.
         9.5.5.1.   Metering with a critical flow orifice
         A known quantity of pure gas (carbon monoxide or propane) shall be fed into the CVS system through a calibrated critical orifice. If the inlet pressure is high enough, the flow rate, which is adjusted by means of the critical flow orifice, is independent of the orifice outlet pressure (critical flow). The CVS system shall be operated as in a normal exhaust emission test for about 5 to 10 minutes. A gas sample shall be analysed with the usual equipment (sampling bag or integrating method), and the mass of the gas calculated.
         The mass so determined shall be within ± 3 per cent of the known mass of the gas injected.
         9.5.5.2.   Metering by means of a gravimetric technique
         The mass of a small cylinder filled with carbon monoxide or propane shall be determined with a precision of ±0,01 g. For about 5 to 10 minutes, the CVS system shall be operated as in a normal exhaust emission test, while carbon monoxide or propane is injected into the system. The quantity of pure gas discharged shall be determined by means of differential weighing. A gas sample shall be analysed with the usual equipment (sampling bag or integrating method), and the mass of the gas calculated.
         The mass so determined shall be within ± 3 per cent of the known mass of the gas injected.
      
      
         APPENDIX 1
         WHTC ENGINE DYNAMOMETER SCHEDULE
         
                     Time
                  
                  
                     Norm. speed
                  
                  
                     Norm. torque
                  
               
                     s
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
                  
                     per cent
                  
               
                     1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     7
                  
                  
                     1,5
                  
                  
                     8,9
                  
               
                     8
                  
                  
                     15,8
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
               
                     9
                  
                  
                     27,4
                  
                  
                     1,3
                  
               
                     10
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     0,7
                  
               
                     11
                  
                  
                     34,8
                  
                  
                     1,2
                  
               
                     12
                  
                  
                     36,2
                  
                  
                     7,4
                  
               
                     13
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     6,2
                  
               
                     14
                  
                  
                     37,9
                  
                  
                     10,2
                  
               
                     15
                  
                  
                     39,6
                  
                  
                     12,3
                  
               
                     16
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     12,5
                  
               
                     17
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     12,6
                  
               
                     18
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
                  
                     6,0
                  
               
                     19
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     20
                  
                  
                     33,0
                  
                  
                     16,3
                  
               
                     21
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
                  
                     27,4
                  
               
                     22
                  
                  
                     49,3
                  
                  
                     26,7
                  
               
                     23
                  
                  
                     54,0
                  
                  
                     18,0
                  
               
                     24
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     12,9
                  
               
                     25
                  
                  
                     58,9
                  
                  
                     8,6
                  
               
                     26
                  
                  
                     59,3
                  
                  
                     6,0
                  
               
                     27
                  
                  
                     59,0
                  
                  
                     4,9
                  
               
                     28
                  
                  
                     57,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     29
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     30
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     31
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     32
                  
                  
                     38,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     33
                  
                  
                     29,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     34
                  
                  
                     20,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     35
                  
                  
                     16,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     36
                  
                  
                     16,9
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
               
                     37
                  
                  
                     18,8
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
               
                     38
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
                  
                     32,9
                  
               
                     39
                  
                  
                     21,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     40
                  
                  
                     19,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     41
                  
                  
                     13,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     42
                  
                  
                     2,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     43
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     44
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     45
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     46
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     47
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     48
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     49
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     50
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     13,1
                  
               
                     51
                  
                  
                     13,1
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
               
                     52
                  
                  
                     26,3
                  
                  
                     25,5
                  
               
                     53
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
                  
                     32,2
                  
               
                     54
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
                  
                     14,3
                  
               
                     55
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     56
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
                  
                     11,6
                  
               
                     57
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
               
                     58
                  
                  
                     60,0
                  
                  
                     9,6
                  
               
                     59
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     60
                  
                  
                     38,9
                  
                  
                     16,6
                  
               
                     61
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     30,8
                  
               
                     62
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     14,2
                  
               
                     63
                  
                  
                     40,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     64
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
               
                     65
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     78,2
                  
               
                     66
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     67,6
                  
               
                     67
                  
                  
                     44,7
                  
                  
                     59,1
                  
               
                     68
                  
                  
                     48,3
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
               
                     69
                  
                  
                     51,9
                  
                  
                     63,8
                  
               
                     70
                  
                  
                     54,7
                  
                  
                     27,9
                  
               
                     71
                  
                  
                     55,3
                  
                  
                     18,3
                  
               
                     72
                  
                  
                     55,1
                  
                  
                     16,3
                  
               
                     73
                  
                  
                     54,8
                  
                  
                     11,1
                  
               
                     74
                  
                  
                     54,7
                  
                  
                     11,5
                  
               
                     75
                  
                  
                     54,8
                  
                  
                     17,5
                  
               
                     76
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
                  
                     18,0
                  
               
                     77
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     14,1
                  
               
                     78
                  
                  
                     58,1
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
               
                     79
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     80
                  
                  
                     28,5
                  
                  
                     25,0
                  
               
                     81
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
               
                     82
                  
                  
                     32,1
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
               
                     83
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
               
                     84
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
                  
                     17,3
                  
               
                     85
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     11,4
                  
               
                     86
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
                  
                     10,2
                  
               
                     87
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
                  
                     19,5
                  
               
                     88
                  
                  
                     31,4
                  
                  
                     22,5
                  
               
                     89
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     22,9
                  
               
                     90
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     24,3
                  
               
                     91
                  
                  
                     31,9
                  
                  
                     26,9
                  
               
                     92
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
                  
                     30,6
                  
               
                     93
                  
                  
                     32,8
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
               
                     94
                  
                  
                     33,7
                  
                  
                     32,5
                  
               
                     95
                  
                  
                     34,4
                  
                  
                     29,5
                  
               
                     96
                  
                  
                     34,3
                  
                  
                     26,5
                  
               
                     97
                  
                  
                     34,4
                  
                  
                     24,7
                  
               
                     98
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
                  
                     24,9
                  
               
                     99
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
               
                     100
                  
                  
                     36,1
                  
                  
                     24,8
                  
               
                     101
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     24,0
                  
               
                     102
                  
                  
                     36,2
                  
                  
                     23,6
                  
               
                     103
                  
                  
                     36,2
                  
                  
                     23,5
                  
               
                     104
                  
                  
                     36,8
                  
                  
                     22,7
                  
               
                     105
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
               
                     106
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     19,2
                  
               
                     107
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     18,4
                  
               
                     108
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     17,6
                  
               
                     109
                  
                  
                     35,2
                  
                  
                     14,9
                  
               
                     110
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     9,9
                  
               
                     111
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     4,3
                  
               
                     112
                  
                  
                     35,2
                  
                  
                     6,6
                  
               
                     113
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
                  
                     10,0
                  
               
                     114
                  
                  
                     34,7
                  
                  
                     25,1
                  
               
                     115
                  
                  
                     34,4
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
               
                     116
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
               
                     117
                  
                  
                     35,2
                  
                  
                     16,6
                  
               
                     118
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
                  
                     16,2
                  
               
                     119
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     20,3
                  
               
                     120
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     22,5
                  
               
                     121
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     23,4
                  
               
                     122
                  
                  
                     34,7
                  
                  
                     11,9
                  
               
                     123
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     124
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     125
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     126
                  
                  
                     50,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     127
                  
                  
                     54,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     128
                  
                  
                     40,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     129
                  
                  
                     27,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     130
                  
                  
                     13,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     131
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     132
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     133
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     134
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     135
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     136
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     137
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     138
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     139
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     140
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     141
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     142
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     4,9
                  
               
                     143
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     7,3
                  
               
                     144
                  
                  
                     4,4
                  
                  
                     28,7
                  
               
                     145
                  
                  
                     11,1
                  
                  
                     26,4
                  
               
                     146
                  
                  
                     15,0
                  
                  
                     9,4
                  
               
                     147
                  
                  
                     15,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     148
                  
                  
                     15,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     149
                  
                  
                     14,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     150
                  
                  
                     13,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     151
                  
                  
                     11,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     152
                  
                  
                     8,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     153
                  
                  
                     5,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     154
                  
                  
                     4,3
                  
                  
                     5,6
                  
               
                     155
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
                  
                     24,4
                  
               
                     156
                  
                  
                     9,7
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
               
                     157
                  
                  
                     13,6
                  
                  
                     21,1
                  
               
                     158
                  
                  
                     15,6
                  
                  
                     21,5
                  
               
                     159
                  
                  
                     16,5
                  
                  
                     21,9
                  
               
                     160
                  
                  
                     18,0
                  
                  
                     22,3
                  
               
                     161
                  
                  
                     21,1
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
               
                     162
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
                  
                     33,6
                  
               
                     163
                  
                  
                     28,1
                  
                  
                     16,6
                  
               
                     164
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
               
                     165
                  
                  
                     27,5
                  
                  
                     5,0
                  
               
                     166
                  
                  
                     23,1
                  
                  
                     3,0
                  
               
                     167
                  
                  
                     16,9
                  
                  
                     1,9
                  
               
                     168
                  
                  
                     12,2
                  
                  
                     2,6
                  
               
                     169
                  
                  
                     9,9
                  
                  
                     3,2
                  
               
                     170
                  
                  
                     9,1
                  
                  
                     4,0
                  
               
                     171
                  
                  
                     8,8
                  
                  
                     3,8
                  
               
                     172
                  
                  
                     8,5
                  
                  
                     12,2
                  
               
                     173
                  
                  
                     8,2
                  
                  
                     29,4
                  
               
                     174
                  
                  
                     9,6
                  
                  
                     20,1
                  
               
                     175
                  
                  
                     14,7
                  
                  
                     16,3
                  
               
                     176
                  
                  
                     24,5
                  
                  
                     8,7
                  
               
                     177
                  
                  
                     39,4
                  
                  
                     3,3
                  
               
                     178
                  
                  
                     39,0
                  
                  
                     2,9
                  
               
                     179
                  
                  
                     38,5
                  
                  
                     5,9
                  
               
                     180
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     8,0
                  
               
                     181
                  
                  
                     38,2
                  
                  
                     6,0
                  
               
                     182
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
                  
                     3,8
                  
               
                     183
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
                  
                     5,4
                  
               
                     184
                  
                  
                     38,8
                  
                  
                     8,2
                  
               
                     185
                  
                  
                     37,5
                  
                  
                     8,9
                  
               
                     186
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     7,3
                  
               
                     187
                  
                  
                     28,4
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
               
                     188
                  
                  
                     14,8
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
               
                     189
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     5,9
                  
               
                     190
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     191
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     192
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     193
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     194
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     195
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     196
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     197
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     198
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     199
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     200
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     201
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     202
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     203
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     204
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     205
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     206
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     207
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     208
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     209
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     210
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     211
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     212
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     213
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     214
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     215
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     216
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     217
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     218
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     219
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     220
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     221
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     222
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     223
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     224
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     225
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     226
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     227
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     228
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     229
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     230
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     231
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     232
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     233
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     234
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     235
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     236
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     237
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     238
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     239
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     240
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     241
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     242
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     243
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     244
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     245
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     246
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     247
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     248
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     249
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     250
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     251
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     252
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     253
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
               
                     254
                  
                  
                     9,4
                  
                  
                     13,6
                  
               
                     255
                  
                  
                     22,2
                  
                  
                     16,9
                  
               
                     256
                  
                  
                     33,0
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
               
                     257
                  
                  
                     43,7
                  
                  
                     22,1
                  
               
                     258
                  
                  
                     39,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     259
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
               
                     260
                  
                  
                     47,6
                  
                  
                     75,9
                  
               
                     261
                  
                  
                     61,2
                  
                  
                     70,4
                  
               
                     262
                  
                  
                     72,3
                  
                  
                     70,4
                  
               
                     263
                  
                  
                     76,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     264
                  
                  
                     74,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     265
                  
                  
                     68,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     266
                  
                  
                     61,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     267
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     268
                  
                  
                     54,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     269
                  
                  
                     53,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     270
                  
                  
                     50,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     271
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     272
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     273
                  
                  
                     35,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     274
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     275
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     276
                  
                  
                     10,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     277
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     278
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     279
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     280
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     281
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     282
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     283
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     284
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     285
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     286
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     287
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     288
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     289
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     290
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     291
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     292
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     293
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     294
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     295
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     296
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     297
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     298
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     299
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     300
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     301
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     302
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     303
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     304
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     305
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     306
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     307
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     308
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     309
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     310
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     311
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     312
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     313
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     314
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     315
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     316
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     317
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     318
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     319
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     320
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     321
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     322
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     323
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     324
                  
                  
                     4,5
                  
                  
                     41,0
                  
               
                     325
                  
                  
                     17,2
                  
                  
                     38,9
                  
               
                     326
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
                  
                     36,8
                  
               
                     327
                  
                  
                     41,0
                  
                  
                     34,7
                  
               
                     328
                  
                  
                     50,0
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
               
                     329
                  
                  
                     51,4
                  
                  
                     0,1
                  
               
                     330
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     331
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     332
                  
                  
                     32,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     333
                  
                  
                     24,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     334
                  
                  
                     16,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     335
                  
                  
                     8,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     336
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     337
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     338
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     339
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     340
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     341
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     342
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     343
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     344
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     345
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     346
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     347
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     348
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     349
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     350
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     351
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     352
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     353
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     354
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,5
                  
               
                     355
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     4,9
                  
               
                     356
                  
                  
                     9,2
                  
                  
                     61,3
                  
               
                     357
                  
                  
                     22,4
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
               
                     358
                  
                  
                     36,5
                  
                  
                     50,1
                  
               
                     359
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     21,0
                  
               
                     360
                  
                  
                     38,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     361
                  
                  
                     30,0
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
               
                     362
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     63,6
                  
               
                     363
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     90,8
                  
               
                     364
                  
                  
                     54,5
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
               
                     365
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     366
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     47,5
                  
               
                     367
                  
                  
                     44,5
                  
                  
                     84,4
                  
               
                     368
                  
                  
                     51,7
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
               
                     369
                  
                  
                     58,1
                  
                  
                     15,2
                  
               
                     370
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     371
                  
                  
                     33,6
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
               
                     372
                  
                  
                     36,9
                  
                  
                     67,0
                  
               
                     373
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     84,7
                  
               
                     374
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     84,3
                  
               
                     375
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
                  
                     84,3
                  
               
                     376
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     377
                  
                  
                     46,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     378
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     379
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     380
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     381
                  
                  
                     54,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     382
                  
                  
                     62,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     383
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     384
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     385
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     386
                  
                  
                     28,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     387
                  
                  
                     25,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     388
                  
                  
                     24,6
                  
                  
                     11,0
                  
               
                     389
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
                  
                     14,7
                  
               
                     390
                  
                  
                     28,6
                  
                  
                     28,4
                  
               
                     391
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     65,0
                  
               
                     392
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     75,3
                  
               
                     393
                  
                  
                     51,2
                  
                  
                     34,2
                  
               
                     394
                  
                  
                     40,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     395
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
                  
                     45,4
                  
               
                     396
                  
                  
                     34,2
                  
                  
                     83,1
                  
               
                     397
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     85,3
                  
               
                     398
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     87,5
                  
               
                     399
                  
                  
                     44,8
                  
                  
                     89,7
                  
               
                     400
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     91,9
                  
               
                     401
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     94,1
                  
               
                     402
                  
                  
                     64,6
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
               
                     403
                  
                  
                     51,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     404
                  
                  
                     38,7
                  
                  
                     37,4
                  
               
                     405
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     70,3
                  
               
                     406
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     89,1
                  
               
                     407
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     93,9
                  
               
                     408
                  
                  
                     53,8
                  
                  
                     33,0
                  
               
                     409
                  
                  
                     55,5
                  
                  
                     20,3
                  
               
                     410
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     5,2
                  
               
                     411
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     412
                  
                  
                     54,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     413
                  
                  
                     53,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     414
                  
                  
                     51,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     415
                  
                  
                     50,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     416
                  
                  
                     48,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     417
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     418
                  
                  
                     43,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     419
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     420
                  
                  
                     37,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     421
                  
                  
                     35,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     422
                  
                  
                     32,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     423
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     424
                  
                  
                     57,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     425
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     426
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     427
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     428
                  
                  
                     54,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     429
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     430
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
                  
                     31,3
                  
               
                     431
                  
                  
                     49,0
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
               
                     432
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
               
                     433
                  
                  
                     53,3
                  
                  
                     14,5
                  
               
                     434
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     0,8
                  
               
                     435
                  
                  
                     49,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     436
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     18,6
                  
               
                     437
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     38,9
                  
               
                     438
                  
                  
                     67,2
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
               
                     439
                  
                  
                     78,6
                  
                  
                     21,5
                  
               
                     440
                  
                  
                     65,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     441
                  
                  
                     52,4
                  
                  
                     31,3
                  
               
                     442
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     60,1
                  
               
                     443
                  
                  
                     59,7
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
               
                     444
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     445
                  
                  
                     30,6
                  
                  
                     4,2
                  
               
                     446
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     8,4
                  
               
                     447
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
                  
                     4,3
                  
               
                     448
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     449
                  
                  
                     58,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     450
                  
                  
                     55,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     451
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     452
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     453
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     454
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     455
                  
                  
                     58,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     456
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     457
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     458
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     459
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     460
                  
                  
                     32,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     461
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     462
                  
                  
                     10,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     463
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     464
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     1,5
                  
               
                     465
                  
                  
                     0,9
                  
                  
                     41,1
                  
               
                     466
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
                  
                     46,3
                  
               
                     467
                  
                  
                     12,8
                  
                  
                     48,5
                  
               
                     468
                  
                  
                     17,0
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
               
                     469
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
                  
                     52,9
                  
               
                     470
                  
                  
                     26,7
                  
                  
                     55,0
                  
               
                     471
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     57,2
                  
               
                     472
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     23,8
                  
               
                     473
                  
                  
                     44,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     474
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
               
                     475
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
                  
                     77,4
                  
               
                     476
                  
                  
                     68,8
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     477
                  
                  
                     81,7
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
               
                     478
                  
                  
                     71,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     479
                  
                  
                     60,7
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
               
                     480
                  
                  
                     68,8
                  
                  
                     72,7
                  
               
                     481
                  
                  
                     75,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     482
                  
                  
                     61,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     483
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     484
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     58,0
                  
               
                     485
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     80,0
                  
               
                     486
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     97,9
                  
               
                     487
                  
                  
                     49,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     488
                  
                  
                     48,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     489
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     490
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     491
                  
                  
                     49,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     492
                  
                  
                     59,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     493
                  
                  
                     48,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     494
                  
                  
                     40,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     495
                  
                  
                     33,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     496
                  
                  
                     30,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     497
                  
                  
                     29,1
                  
                  
                     12,0
                  
               
                     498
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
               
                     499
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
               
                     500
                  
                  
                     32,2
                  
                  
                     15,4
                  
               
                     501
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
                  
                     15,8
                  
               
                     502
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     14,9
                  
               
                     503
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     15,1
                  
               
                     504
                  
                  
                     38,0
                  
                  
                     15,3
                  
               
                     505
                  
                  
                     40,3
                  
                  
                     50,9
                  
               
                     506
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     39,7
                  
               
                     507
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     20,6
                  
               
                     508
                  
                  
                     47,3
                  
                  
                     20,6
                  
               
                     509
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     22,1
                  
               
                     510
                  
                  
                     50,1
                  
                  
                     22,1
                  
               
                     511
                  
                  
                     51,4
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
               
                     512
                  
                  
                     52,5
                  
                  
                     31,9
                  
               
                     513
                  
                  
                     53,7
                  
                  
                     21,6
                  
               
                     514
                  
                  
                     55,1
                  
                  
                     11,6
                  
               
                     515
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     5,7
                  
               
                     516
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     517
                  
                  
                     27,9
                  
                  
                     8,2
                  
               
                     518
                  
                  
                     29,0
                  
                  
                     15,9
                  
               
                     519
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     25,1
                  
               
                     520
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     60,5
                  
               
                     521
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     72,7
                  
               
                     522
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
                  
                     88,2
                  
               
                     523
                  
                  
                     41,0
                  
                  
                     65,1
                  
               
                     524
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     25,6
                  
               
                     525
                  
                  
                     44,2
                  
                  
                     15,8
                  
               
                     526
                  
                  
                     44,9
                  
                  
                     2,9
                  
               
                     527
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     528
                  
                  
                     44,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     529
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     530
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     531
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     532
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     533
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     534
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     535
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     536
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     537
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     538
                  
                  
                     61,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     539
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     540
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     541
                  
                  
                     37,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     542
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     543
                  
                  
                     27,3
                  
                  
                     32,3
                  
               
                     544
                  
                  
                     30,8
                  
                  
                     60,3
                  
               
                     545
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
                  
                     62,3
                  
               
                     546
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     547
                  
                  
                     30,8
                  
                  
                     32,3
                  
               
                     548
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
                  
                     60,3
                  
               
                     549
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
               
                     550
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     16,6
                  
               
                     551
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
                  
                     62,3
                  
               
                     552
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     28,1
                  
               
                     553
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     554
                  
                  
                     29,9
                  
                  
                     8,0
                  
               
                     555
                  
                  
                     32,5
                  
                  
                     15,0
                  
               
                     556
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     63,1
                  
               
                     557
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     58,0
                  
               
                     558
                  
                  
                     39,4
                  
                  
                     52,9
                  
               
                     559
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
               
                     560
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
               
                     561
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     27,5
                  
               
                     562
                  
                  
                     53,4
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
               
                     563
                  
                  
                     54,2
                  
                  
                     13,1
                  
               
                     564
                  
                  
                     54,2
                  
                  
                     0,4
                  
               
                     565
                  
                  
                     53,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     566
                  
                  
                     51,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     567
                  
                  
                     48,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     568
                  
                  
                     45,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     569
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     570
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     571
                  
                  
                     39,8
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     572
                  
                  
                     40,7
                  
                  
                     39,7
                  
               
                     573
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
               
                     574
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     39,1
                  
               
                     575
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     22,0
                  
               
                     576
                  
                  
                     54,7
                  
                  
                     13,2
                  
               
                     577
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     13,2
                  
               
                     578
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     6,6
                  
               
                     579
                  
                  
                     42,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     580
                  
                  
                     27,7
                  
                  
                     10,9
                  
               
                     581
                  
                  
                     28,5
                  
                  
                     21,3
                  
               
                     582
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     23,9
                  
               
                     583
                  
                  
                     29,5
                  
                  
                     15,2
                  
               
                     584
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
                  
                     8,8
                  
               
                     585
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     20,8
                  
               
                     586
                  
                  
                     31,9
                  
                  
                     22,9
                  
               
                     587
                  
                  
                     34,3
                  
                  
                     61,4
                  
               
                     588
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     76,6
                  
               
                     589
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
                  
                     27,5
                  
               
                     590
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     25,4
                  
               
                     591
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
                  
                     32,0
                  
               
                     592
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     6,0
                  
               
                     593
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     594
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     595
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     596
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     597
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     598
                  
                  
                     38,9
                  
                  
                     12,9
                  
               
                     599
                  
                  
                     39,0
                  
                  
                     18,4
                  
               
                     600
                  
                  
                     39,7
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
               
                     601
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
                  
                     60,0
                  
               
                     602
                  
                  
                     43,7
                  
                  
                     54,5
                  
               
                     603
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
                  
                     64,2
                  
               
                     604
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     73,3
                  
               
                     605
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     82,3
                  
               
                     606
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     607
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     608
                  
                  
                     50,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     609
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     610
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     611
                  
                  
                     46,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     612
                  
                  
                     47,3
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
               
                     613
                  
                  
                     49,2
                  
                  
                     74,1
                  
               
                     614
                  
                  
                     51,1
                  
                  
                     95,2
                  
               
                     615
                  
                  
                     51,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     616
                  
                  
                     50,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     617
                  
                  
                     47,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     618
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     619
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     620
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     621
                  
                  
                     25,5
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
               
                     622
                  
                  
                     33,8
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
               
                     623
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     624
                  
                  
                     34,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     625
                  
                  
                     33,0
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
               
                     626
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
               
                     627
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
                  
                     17,1
                  
               
                     628
                  
                  
                     35,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     629
                  
                  
                     28,1
                  
                  
                     11,6
                  
               
                     630
                  
                  
                     36,5
                  
                  
                     19,2
                  
               
                     631
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
                  
                     8,3
                  
               
                     632
                  
                  
                     36,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     633
                  
                  
                     27,9
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
               
                     634
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     59,6
                  
               
                     635
                  
                  
                     34,4
                  
                  
                     65,2
                  
               
                     636
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     59,6
                  
               
                     637
                  
                  
                     39,0
                  
                  
                     49,0
                  
               
                     638
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     639
                  
                  
                     39,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     640
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     641
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     642
                  
                  
                     21,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     643
                  
                  
                     14,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     644
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     645
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     646
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     647
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     648
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     649
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     650
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     651
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     652
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     653
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     654
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     655
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     656
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     3,4
                  
               
                     657
                  
                  
                     1,4
                  
                  
                     22,0
                  
               
                     658
                  
                  
                     10,1
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
               
                     659
                  
                  
                     21,5
                  
                  
                     10,0
                  
               
                     660
                  
                  
                     32,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     661
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     46,0
                  
               
                     662
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     74,1
                  
               
                     663
                  
                  
                     72,1
                  
                  
                     34,2
                  
               
                     664
                  
                  
                     66,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     665
                  
                  
                     60,4
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
               
                     666
                  
                  
                     69,1
                  
                  
                     79,0
                  
               
                     667
                  
                  
                     77,1
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
               
                     668
                  
                  
                     63,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     669
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
               
                     670
                  
                  
                     53,4
                  
                  
                     91,3
                  
               
                     671
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     85,7
                  
               
                     672
                  
                  
                     61,5
                  
                  
                     89,2
                  
               
                     673
                  
                  
                     65,5
                  
                  
                     85,9
                  
               
                     674
                  
                  
                     69,5
                  
                  
                     89,5
                  
               
                     675
                  
                  
                     73,1
                  
                  
                     75,5
                  
               
                     676
                  
                  
                     76,2
                  
                  
                     73,6
                  
               
                     677
                  
                  
                     79,1
                  
                  
                     75,6
                  
               
                     678
                  
                  
                     81,8
                  
                  
                     78,2
                  
               
                     679
                  
                  
                     84,1
                  
                  
                     39,0
                  
               
                     680
                  
                  
                     69,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     681
                  
                  
                     55,0
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
               
                     682
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
               
                     683
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
               
                     684
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     76,3
                  
               
                     685
                  
                  
                     58,4
                  
                  
                     92,7
                  
               
                     686
                  
                  
                     59,3
                  
                  
                     99,9
                  
               
                     687
                  
                  
                     60,1
                  
                  
                     95,0
                  
               
                     688
                  
                  
                     61,0
                  
                  
                     46,7
                  
               
                     689
                  
                  
                     46,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     690
                  
                  
                     32,3
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
               
                     691
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     68,6
                  
               
                     692
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     67,0
                  
               
                     693
                  
                  
                     31,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     694
                  
                  
                     28,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     695
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     696
                  
                  
                     58,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     697
                  
                  
                     58,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     698
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     699
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     700
                  
                  
                     48,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     701
                  
                  
                     55,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     702
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     703
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     704
                  
                  
                     24,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     705
                  
                  
                     15,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     706
                  
                  
                     7,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     707
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     708
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     709
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     710
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     711
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     712
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     713
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     714
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     715
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     716
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     717
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     718
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     719
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     720
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     721
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     722
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     723
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     724
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     725
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     726
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     727
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     728
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     729
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     730
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     731
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     732
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     733
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     734
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     735
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     736
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     737
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     738
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     739
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     740
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     741
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     742
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     743
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     744
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     745
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     746
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     747
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     748
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     749
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     750
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     751
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     752
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     753
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     754
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     755
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     756
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     757
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     758
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     759
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     760
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     761
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     762
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     763
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     764
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     765
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     766
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     767
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     768
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     769
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     770
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     771
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     22,0
                  
               
                     772
                  
                  
                     4,5
                  
                  
                     25,8
                  
               
                     773
                  
                  
                     15,5
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
               
                     774
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
               
                     775
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
               
                     776
                  
                  
                     49,2
                  
                  
                     13,6
                  
               
                     777
                  
                  
                     39,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     778
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
                  
                     15,1
                  
               
                     779
                  
                  
                     34,8
                  
                  
                     26,9
                  
               
                     780
                  
                  
                     40,0
                  
                  
                     13,6
                  
               
                     781
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     782
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     783
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     784
                  
                  
                     37,7
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
               
                     785
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
               
                     786
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     33,4
                  
               
                     787
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     788
                  
                  
                     27,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     789
                  
                  
                     17,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     790
                  
                  
                     14,0
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
               
                     791
                  
                  
                     18,4
                  
                  
                     25,0
                  
               
                     792
                  
                  
                     27,6
                  
                  
                     17,7
                  
               
                     793
                  
                  
                     39,8
                  
                  
                     6,8
                  
               
                     794
                  
                  
                     34,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     795
                  
                  
                     28,7
                  
                  
                     26,5
                  
               
                     796
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
               
                     797
                  
                  
                     53,7
                  
                  
                     17,5
                  
               
                     798
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     799
                  
                  
                     31,2
                  
                  
                     27,3
                  
               
                     800
                  
                  
                     32,3
                  
                  
                     53,2
                  
               
                     801
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     60,6
                  
               
                     802
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     68,0
                  
               
                     803
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
                  
                     75,4
                  
               
                     804
                  
                  
                     45,8
                  
                  
                     82,8
                  
               
                     805
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     38,2
                  
               
                     806
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     807
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
               
                     808
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
                  
                     57,9
                  
               
                     809
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
                  
                     77,3
                  
               
                     810
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     96,8
                  
               
                     811
                  
                  
                     39,6
                  
                  
                     80,8
                  
               
                     812
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     78,3
                  
               
                     813
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     73,4
                  
               
                     814
                  
                  
                     49,6
                  
                  
                     66,9
                  
               
                     815
                  
                  
                     50,2
                  
                  
                     62,0
                  
               
                     816
                  
                  
                     50,2
                  
                  
                     57,7
                  
               
                     817
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     62,1
                  
               
                     818
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     62,9
                  
               
                     819
                  
                  
                     54,8
                  
                  
                     37,5
                  
               
                     820
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     18,3
                  
               
                     821
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     822
                  
                  
                     27,6
                  
                  
                     29,1
                  
               
                     823
                  
                  
                     28,4
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
               
                     824
                  
                  
                     29,1
                  
                  
                     51,8
                  
               
                     825
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
               
                     826
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
                  
                     33,3
                  
               
                     827
                  
                  
                     29,8
                  
                  
                     17,7
                  
               
                     828
                  
                  
                     29,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     829
                  
                  
                     28,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     830
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     831
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     832
                  
                  
                     57,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     833
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     834
                  
                  
                     53,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     835
                  
                  
                     51,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     836
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     837
                  
                  
                     44,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     838
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     839
                  
                  
                     38,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     840
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
               
                     841
                  
                  
                     37,5
                  
                  
                     70,8
                  
               
                     842
                  
                  
                     39,1
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
               
                     843
                  
                  
                     41,3
                  
                  
                     0,1
                  
               
                     844
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     845
                  
                  
                     42,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     846
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     847
                  
                  
                     38,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     848
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     849
                  
                  
                     32,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     850
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     851
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     39,9
                  
               
                     852
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     52,9
                  
               
                     853
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     76,1
                  
               
                     854
                  
                  
                     34,3
                  
                  
                     76,5
                  
               
                     855
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
                  
                     75,5
                  
               
                     856
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
                  
                     74,8
                  
               
                     857
                  
                  
                     46,6
                  
                  
                     74,2
                  
               
                     858
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     76,2
                  
               
                     859
                  
                  
                     54,8
                  
                  
                     75,1
                  
               
                     860
                  
                  
                     58,7
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
               
                     861
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     862
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
               
                     863
                  
                  
                     33,8
                  
                  
                     71,2
                  
               
                     864
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
               
                     865
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     33,6
                  
               
                     866
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     20,0
                  
               
                     867
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     868
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     869
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     870
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     871
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     872
                  
                  
                     34,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     873
                  
                  
                     34,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     874
                  
                  
                     33,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     875
                  
                  
                     33,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     876
                  
                  
                     33,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     877
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     878
                  
                  
                     31,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     879
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     880
                  
                  
                     58,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     881
                  
                  
                     53,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     882
                  
                  
                     47,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     883
                  
                  
                     40,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     884
                  
                  
                     34,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     885
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     886
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     887
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     888
                  
                  
                     44,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     889
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     890
                  
                  
                     26,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     891
                  
                  
                     20,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     892
                  
                  
                     13,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     893
                  
                  
                     6,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     894
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     895
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     896
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     897
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     898
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     899
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     900
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     901
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     902
                  
                  
                     2,5
                  
                  
                     27,9
                  
               
                     903
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
                  
                     29,0
                  
               
                     904
                  
                  
                     19,4
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
               
                     905
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
                  
                     31,2
                  
               
                     906
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     10,4
                  
               
                     907
                  
                  
                     40,6
                  
                  
                     4,9
                  
               
                     908
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     909
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     7,6
                  
               
                     910
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     13,8
                  
               
                     911
                  
                  
                     36,5
                  
                  
                     11,1
                  
               
                     912
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     48,5
                  
               
                     913
                  
                  
                     49,8
                  
                  
                     3,7
                  
               
                     914
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     915
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
               
                     916
                  
                  
                     39,4
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
               
                     917
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     22,7
                  
               
                     918
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     919
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     46,6
                  
               
                     920
                  
                  
                     39,7
                  
                  
                     84,4
                  
               
                     921
                  
                  
                     44,7
                  
                  
                     83,2
                  
               
                     922
                  
                  
                     49,5
                  
                  
                     78,9
                  
               
                     923
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     83,8
                  
               
                     924
                  
                  
                     53,4
                  
                  
                     77,7
                  
               
                     925
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
                  
                     69,6
                  
               
                     926
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
                  
                     63,6
                  
               
                     927
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
                  
                     55,2
                  
               
                     928
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     53,6
                  
               
                     929
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
                  
                     62,3
                  
               
                     930
                  
                  
                     46,1
                  
                  
                     58,2
                  
               
                     931
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
                  
                     61,8
                  
               
                     932
                  
                  
                     47,3
                  
                  
                     62,3
                  
               
                     933
                  
                  
                     49,3
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
               
                     934
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     58,1
                  
               
                     935
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
               
                     936
                  
                  
                     59,9
                  
                  
                     27,2
                  
               
                     937
                  
                  
                     45,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     938
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
               
                     939
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
               
                     940
                  
                  
                     33,4
                  
                  
                     62,8
                  
               
                     941
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     68,2
                  
               
                     942
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
                  
                     68,6
                  
               
                     943
                  
                  
                     38,6
                  
                  
                     65,0
                  
               
                     944
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     61,9
                  
               
                     945
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
                  
                     65,3
                  
               
                     946
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     63,2
                  
               
                     947
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     30,6
                  
               
                     948
                  
                  
                     46,7
                  
                  
                     11,1
                  
               
                     949
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     16,1
                  
               
                     950
                  
                  
                     45,6
                  
                  
                     21,8
                  
               
                     951
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
                  
                     24,2
                  
               
                     952
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     24,7
                  
               
                     953
                  
                  
                     46,7
                  
                  
                     24,7
                  
               
                     954
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     28,2
                  
               
                     955
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     31,2
                  
               
                     956
                  
                  
                     47,6
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
               
                     957
                  
                  
                     48,2
                  
                  
                     31,2
                  
               
                     958
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
                  
                     33,5
                  
               
                     959
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     960
                  
                  
                     47,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     961
                  
                  
                     46,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     962
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     963
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     964
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     965
                  
                  
                     40,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     966
                  
                  
                     39,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     967
                  
                  
                     38,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     968
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     969
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     970
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     30,2
                  
               
                     971
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
               
                     972
                  
                  
                     38,6
                  
                  
                     48,5
                  
               
                     973
                  
                  
                     39,9
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
               
                     974
                  
                  
                     40,3
                  
                  
                     38,2
                  
               
                     975
                  
                  
                     40,8
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
               
                     976
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
               
                     977
                  
                  
                     43,2
                  
                  
                     26,4
                  
               
                     978
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     979
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     980
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     981
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     982
                  
                  
                     40,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     983
                  
                  
                     39,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     984
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     985
                  
                  
                     36,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     986
                  
                  
                     35,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     987
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     988
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     989
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     990
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     991
                  
                  
                     29,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     992
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     993
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     994
                  
                  
                     59,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     995
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     996
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     997
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     998
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     999
                  
                  
                     35,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1000
                  
                  
                     44,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1001
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1002
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1003
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1004
                  
                  
                     57,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1005
                  
                  
                     51,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1006
                  
                  
                     44,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1007
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1008
                  
                  
                     52,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1009
                  
                  
                     45,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1010
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1011
                  
                  
                     26,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1012
                  
                  
                     17,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1013
                  
                  
                     16,2
                  
                  
                     1,9
                  
               
                     1014
                  
                  
                     17,8
                  
                  
                     7,5
                  
               
                     1015
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
                  
                     18,0
                  
               
                     1016
                  
                  
                     39,7
                  
                  
                     6,5
                  
               
                     1017
                  
                  
                     38,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1018
                  
                  
                     37,4
                  
                  
                     5,4
                  
               
                     1019
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     9,7
                  
               
                     1020
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     15,7
                  
               
                     1021
                  
                  
                     52,5
                  
                  
                     13,1
                  
               
                     1022
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     6,3
                  
               
                     1023
                  
                  
                     44,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1024
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
               
                     1025
                  
                  
                     38,7
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
               
                     1026
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     47,5
                  
               
                     1027
                  
                  
                     54,5
                  
                  
                     22,0
                  
               
                     1028
                  
                  
                     41,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1029
                  
                  
                     28,1
                  
                  
                     26,8
                  
               
                     1030
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     49,2
                  
               
                     1031
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     39,5
                  
               
                     1032
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     24,0
                  
               
                     1033
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1034
                  
                  
                     35,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1035
                  
                  
                     33,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1036
                  
                  
                     33,7
                  
                  
                     19,8
                  
               
                     1037
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     35,1
                  
               
                     1038
                  
                  
                     38,0
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
               
                     1039
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
               
                     1040
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
               
                     1041
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
                  
                     44,0
                  
               
                     1042
                  
                  
                     48,3
                  
                  
                     35,9
                  
               
                     1043
                  
                  
                     50,1
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
               
                     1044
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     38,5
                  
               
                     1045
                  
                  
                     55,3
                  
                  
                     57,7
                  
               
                     1046
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
               
                     1047
                  
                  
                     57,7
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
               
                     1048
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1049
                  
                  
                     28,2
                  
                  
                     15,7
                  
               
                     1050
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
               
                     1051
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
               
                     1052
                  
                  
                     33,4
                  
                  
                     60,7
                  
               
                     1053
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
                  
                     61,4
                  
               
                     1054
                  
                  
                     35,3
                  
                  
                     18,2
                  
               
                     1055
                  
                  
                     35,2
                  
                  
                     14,9
                  
               
                     1056
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
                  
                     11,7
                  
               
                     1057
                  
                  
                     34,5
                  
                  
                     12,9
                  
               
                     1058
                  
                  
                     34,1
                  
                  
                     15,5
                  
               
                     1059
                  
                  
                     33,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1060
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1061
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1062
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
                  
                     10,3
                  
               
                     1063
                  
                  
                     30,0
                  
                  
                     26,5
                  
               
                     1064
                  
                  
                     31,0
                  
                  
                     18,8
                  
               
                     1065
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     26,5
                  
               
                     1066
                  
                  
                     31,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1067
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1068
                  
                  
                     30,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1069
                  
                  
                     30,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1070
                  
                  
                     30,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1071
                  
                  
                     29,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1072
                  
                  
                     44,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1073
                  
                  
                     59,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1074
                  
                  
                     58,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1075
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1076
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1077
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1078
                  
                  
                     51,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1079
                  
                  
                     49,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1080
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1081
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1082
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1083
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1084
                  
                  
                     44,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1085
                  
                  
                     43,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1086
                  
                  
                     43,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1087
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
                  
                     25,6
                  
               
                     1088
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
                  
                     25,7
                  
               
                     1089
                  
                  
                     46,3
                  
                  
                     24,0
                  
               
                     1090
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     20,6
                  
               
                     1091
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     3,8
                  
               
                     1092
                  
                  
                     45,6
                  
                  
                     4,4
                  
               
                     1093
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
                  
                     4,1
                  
               
                     1094
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1095
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1096
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1097
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1098
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1099
                  
                  
                     35,1
                  
                  
                     2,0
                  
               
                     1100
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
               
                     1101
                  
                  
                     38,7
                  
                  
                     47,6
                  
               
                     1102
                  
                  
                     41,3
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
               
                     1103
                  
                  
                     42,6
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
               
                     1104
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
               
                     1105
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
               
                     1106
                  
                  
                     52,4
                  
                  
                     40,1
                  
               
                     1107
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
               
                     1108
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
                  
                     25,5
                  
               
                     1109
                  
                  
                     57,2
                  
                  
                     25,4
                  
               
                     1110
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     25,4
                  
               
                     1111
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     25,3
                  
               
                     1112
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     25,3
                  
               
                     1113
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
               
                     1114
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     25,2
                  
               
                     1115
                  
                  
                     58,0
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
               
                     1116
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1117
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     26,2
                  
               
                     1118
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
               
                     1119
                  
                  
                     32,3
                  
                  
                     40,5
                  
               
                     1120
                  
                  
                     32,5
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
               
                     1121
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
                  
                     12,2
                  
               
                     1122
                  
                  
                     32,1
                  
                  
                     6,4
                  
               
                     1123
                  
                  
                     31,0
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
               
                     1124
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
                  
                     18,5
                  
               
                     1125
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
               
                     1126
                  
                  
                     31,2
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
               
                     1127
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     30,8
                  
               
                     1128
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     26,9
                  
               
                     1129
                  
                  
                     31,7
                  
                  
                     33,9
                  
               
                     1130
                  
                  
                     32,0
                  
                  
                     29,9
                  
               
                     1131
                  
                  
                     32,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1132
                  
                  
                     31,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1133
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1134
                  
                  
                     29,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1135
                  
                  
                     44,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1136
                  
                  
                     58,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1137
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1138
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1139
                  
                  
                     51,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1140
                  
                  
                     59,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1141
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1142
                  
                  
                     35,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1143
                  
                  
                     23,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1144
                  
                  
                     13,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1145
                  
                  
                     5,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1146
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1147
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1148
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1149
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1150
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1151
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1152
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1153
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1154
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1155
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1156
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1157
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1158
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1159
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1160
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1161
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1162
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1163
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1164
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1165
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1166
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1167
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1168
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1169
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1170
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1171
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1172
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1173
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1174
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1175
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1176
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1177
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1178
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1179
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1180
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1181
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1182
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1183
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1184
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1185
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1186
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1187
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1188
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1189
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1190
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1191
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1192
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1193
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1194
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1195
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1196
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     20,4
                  
               
                     1197
                  
                  
                     12,6
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
               
                     1198
                  
                  
                     27,3
                  
                  
                     20,4
                  
               
                     1199
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
                  
                     7,6
                  
               
                     1200
                  
                  
                     46,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1201
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1202
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
                  
                     14,7
                  
               
                     1203
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     7,3
                  
               
                     1204
                  
                  
                     36,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1205
                  
                  
                     29,3
                  
                  
                     15,0
                  
               
                     1206
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     22,6
                  
               
                     1207
                  
                  
                     54,9
                  
                  
                     9,9
                  
               
                     1208
                  
                  
                     44,9
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1209
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
                  
                     47,4
                  
               
                     1210
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
                  
                     82,7
                  
               
                     1211
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     81,2
                  
               
                     1212
                  
                  
                     61,8
                  
                  
                     82,7
                  
               
                     1213
                  
                  
                     71,3
                  
                  
                     39,1
                  
               
                     1214
                  
                  
                     58,1
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1215
                  
                  
                     44,9
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
               
                     1216
                  
                  
                     46,3
                  
                  
                     83,3
                  
               
                     1217
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     74,1
                  
               
                     1218
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     75,7
                  
               
                     1219
                  
                  
                     50,5
                  
                  
                     75,8
                  
               
                     1220
                  
                  
                     53,6
                  
                  
                     76,7
                  
               
                     1221
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     77,1
                  
               
                     1222
                  
                  
                     60,2
                  
                  
                     78,7
                  
               
                     1223
                  
                  
                     63,7
                  
                  
                     78,0
                  
               
                     1224
                  
                  
                     67,2
                  
                  
                     79,6
                  
               
                     1225
                  
                  
                     70,7
                  
                  
                     80,9
                  
               
                     1226
                  
                  
                     74,1
                  
                  
                     81,1
                  
               
                     1227
                  
                  
                     77,5
                  
                  
                     83,6
                  
               
                     1228
                  
                  
                     80,8
                  
                  
                     85,6
                  
               
                     1229
                  
                  
                     84,1
                  
                  
                     81,6
                  
               
                     1230
                  
                  
                     87,4
                  
                  
                     88,3
                  
               
                     1231
                  
                  
                     90,5
                  
                  
                     91,9
                  
               
                     1232
                  
                  
                     93,5
                  
                  
                     94,1
                  
               
                     1233
                  
                  
                     96,8
                  
                  
                     96,6
                  
               
                     1234
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1235
                  
                  
                     96,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1236
                  
                  
                     81,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1237
                  
                  
                     68,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1238
                  
                  
                     58,1
                  
                  
                     84,7
                  
               
                     1239
                  
                  
                     58,5
                  
                  
                     85,4
                  
               
                     1240
                  
                  
                     59,5
                  
                  
                     85,6
                  
               
                     1241
                  
                  
                     61,0
                  
                  
                     86,6
                  
               
                     1242
                  
                  
                     62,6
                  
                  
                     86,8
                  
               
                     1243
                  
                  
                     64,1
                  
                  
                     87,6
                  
               
                     1244
                  
                  
                     65,4
                  
                  
                     87,5
                  
               
                     1245
                  
                  
                     66,7
                  
                  
                     87,8
                  
               
                     1246
                  
                  
                     68,1
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
               
                     1247
                  
                  
                     55,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1248
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
               
                     1249
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     73,6
                  
               
                     1250
                  
                  
                     43,5
                  
                  
                     65,1
                  
               
                     1251
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     53,1
                  
               
                     1252
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     54,6
                  
               
                     1253
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     41,2
                  
               
                     1254
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     34,8
                  
               
                     1255
                  
                  
                     43,6
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
               
                     1256
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
                  
                     21,9
                  
               
                     1257
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
                  
                     19,9
                  
               
                     1258
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1259
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1260
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1261
                  
                  
                     38,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1262
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1263
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1264
                  
                  
                     34,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1265
                  
                  
                     32,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1266
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1267
                  
                  
                     30,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1268
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1269
                  
                  
                     40,4
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1270
                  
                  
                     51,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1271
                  
                  
                     49,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1272
                  
                  
                     48,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1273
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1274
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1275
                  
                  
                     43,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1276
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1277
                  
                  
                     41,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1278
                  
                  
                     39,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1279
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1280
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1281
                  
                  
                     35,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1282
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1283
                  
                  
                     33,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1284
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1285
                  
                  
                     29,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1286
                  
                  
                     43,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1287
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
                  
                     32,8
                  
               
                     1288
                  
                  
                     59,9
                  
                  
                     65,4
                  
               
                     1289
                  
                  
                     61,9
                  
                  
                     76,1
                  
               
                     1290
                  
                  
                     65,6
                  
                  
                     73,7
                  
               
                     1291
                  
                  
                     69,9
                  
                  
                     79,3
                  
               
                     1292
                  
                  
                     74,1
                  
                  
                     81,3
                  
               
                     1293
                  
                  
                     78,3
                  
                  
                     83,2
                  
               
                     1294
                  
                  
                     82,6
                  
                  
                     86,0
                  
               
                     1295
                  
                  
                     87,0
                  
                  
                     89,5
                  
               
                     1296
                  
                  
                     91,2
                  
                  
                     90,8
                  
               
                     1297
                  
                  
                     95,3
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
               
                     1298
                  
                  
                     81,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1299
                  
                  
                     66,6
                  
                  
                     38,2
                  
               
                     1300
                  
                  
                     67,9
                  
                  
                     75,5
                  
               
                     1301
                  
                  
                     68,4
                  
                  
                     80,5
                  
               
                     1302
                  
                  
                     69,0
                  
                  
                     85,5
                  
               
                     1303
                  
                  
                     70,0
                  
                  
                     85,2
                  
               
                     1304
                  
                  
                     71,6
                  
                  
                     85,9
                  
               
                     1305
                  
                  
                     73,3
                  
                  
                     86,2
                  
               
                     1306
                  
                  
                     74,8
                  
                  
                     86,5
                  
               
                     1307
                  
                  
                     76,3
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
               
                     1308
                  
                  
                     63,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1309
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     21,2
                  
               
                     1310
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
               
                     1311
                  
                  
                     50,6
                  
                  
                     53,7
                  
               
                     1312
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     90,1
                  
               
                     1313
                  
                  
                     50,5
                  
                  
                     97,1
                  
               
                     1314
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1315
                  
                  
                     51,9
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1316
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1317
                  
                  
                     52,8
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
               
                     1318
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1319
                  
                  
                     42,6
                  
                  
                     27,4
                  
               
                     1320
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
               
                     1321
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
                  
                     44,5
                  
               
                     1322
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
                  
                     41,1
                  
               
                     1323
                  
                  
                     41,0
                  
                  
                     21,0
                  
               
                     1324
                  
                  
                     40,3
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1325
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
                  
                     1,0
                  
               
                     1326
                  
                  
                     38,3
                  
                  
                     15,2
                  
               
                     1327
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     57,8
                  
               
                     1328
                  
                  
                     37,3
                  
                  
                     73,2
                  
               
                     1329
                  
                  
                     37,3
                  
                  
                     59,8
                  
               
                     1330
                  
                  
                     37,4
                  
                  
                     52,2
                  
               
                     1331
                  
                  
                     37,4
                  
                  
                     16,9
                  
               
                     1332
                  
                  
                     37,1
                  
                  
                     34,3
                  
               
                     1333
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     51,9
                  
               
                     1334
                  
                  
                     36,2
                  
                  
                     25,3
                  
               
                     1335
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1336
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1337
                  
                  
                     33,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1338
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1339
                  
                  
                     30,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1340
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1341
                  
                  
                     28,0
                  
                  
                     29,5
                  
               
                     1342
                  
                  
                     28,6
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1343
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     97,3
                  
               
                     1344
                  
                  
                     28,8
                  
                  
                     73,4
                  
               
                     1345
                  
                  
                     29,6
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
               
                     1346
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
                  
                     91,7
                  
               
                     1347
                  
                  
                     31,0
                  
                  
                     90,5
                  
               
                     1348
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     81,7
                  
               
                     1349
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
                  
                     79,5
                  
               
                     1350
                  
                  
                     33,5
                  
                  
                     86,9
                  
               
                     1351
                  
                  
                     34,6
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1352
                  
                  
                     35,6
                  
                  
                     78,7
                  
               
                     1353
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     50,5
                  
               
                     1354
                  
                  
                     37,0
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
               
                     1355
                  
                  
                     37,3
                  
                  
                     69,1
                  
               
                     1356
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     49,5
                  
               
                     1357
                  
                  
                     37,8
                  
                  
                     44,4
                  
               
                     1358
                  
                  
                     37,8
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
               
                     1359
                  
                  
                     37,8
                  
                  
                     34,8
                  
               
                     1360
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     24,0
                  
               
                     1361
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1362
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1363
                  
                  
                     35,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1364
                  
                  
                     33,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1365
                  
                  
                     32,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1366
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1367
                  
                  
                     29,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1368
                  
                  
                     28,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1369
                  
                  
                     29,0
                  
                  
                     58,6
                  
               
                     1370
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
                  
                     88,5
                  
               
                     1371
                  
                  
                     31,0
                  
                  
                     86,3
                  
               
                     1372
                  
                  
                     31,8
                  
                  
                     43,4
                  
               
                     1373
                  
                  
                     31,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1374
                  
                  
                     29,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1375
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1376
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1377
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1378
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1379
                  
                  
                     43,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1380
                  
                  
                     40,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1381
                  
                  
                     55,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1382
                  
                  
                     70,4
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
               
                     1383
                  
                  
                     73,4
                  
                  
                     83,2
                  
               
                     1384
                  
                  
                     74,0
                  
                  
                     83,7
                  
               
                     1385
                  
                  
                     74,9
                  
                  
                     41,7
                  
               
                     1386
                  
                  
                     60,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1387
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
               
                     1388
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     84,2
                  
               
                     1389
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     50,2
                  
               
                     1390
                  
                  
                     53,0
                  
                  
                     26,1
                  
               
                     1391
                  
                  
                     59,5
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1392
                  
                  
                     66,2
                  
                  
                     38,4
                  
               
                     1393
                  
                  
                     66,4
                  
                  
                     76,7
                  
               
                     1394
                  
                  
                     67,6
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1395
                  
                  
                     68,4
                  
                  
                     76,6
                  
               
                     1396
                  
                  
                     68,2
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
               
                     1397
                  
                  
                     69,0
                  
                  
                     81,4
                  
               
                     1398
                  
                  
                     69,7
                  
                  
                     40,6
                  
               
                     1399
                  
                  
                     54,7
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1400
                  
                  
                     39,8
                  
                  
                     19,9
                  
               
                     1401
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     40,0
                  
               
                     1402
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     59,4
                  
               
                     1403
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     77,5
                  
               
                     1404
                  
                  
                     36,8
                  
                  
                     94,3
                  
               
                     1405
                  
                  
                     36,8
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1406
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1407
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     79,7
                  
               
                     1408
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     49,5
                  
               
                     1409
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
               
                     1410
                  
                  
                     37,3
                  
                  
                     62,8
                  
               
                     1411
                  
                  
                     38,1
                  
                  
                     73,4
                  
               
                     1412
                  
                  
                     39,0
                  
                  
                     72,9
                  
               
                     1413
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
                  
                     72,0
                  
               
                     1414
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
                  
                     71,2
                  
               
                     1415
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     77,3
                  
               
                     1416
                  
                  
                     44,4
                  
                  
                     76,6
                  
               
                     1417
                  
                  
                     45,4
                  
                  
                     43,1
                  
               
                     1418
                  
                  
                     45,3
                  
                  
                     53,9
                  
               
                     1419
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
                  
                     64,8
                  
               
                     1420
                  
                  
                     46,5
                  
                  
                     74,2
                  
               
                     1421
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     75,2
                  
               
                     1422
                  
                  
                     48,1
                  
                  
                     75,5
                  
               
                     1423
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
                  
                     75,8
                  
               
                     1424
                  
                  
                     48,9
                  
                  
                     76,3
                  
               
                     1425
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
                  
                     75,5
                  
               
                     1426
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     75,2
                  
               
                     1427
                  
                  
                     51,1
                  
                  
                     74,6
                  
               
                     1428
                  
                  
                     51,9
                  
                  
                     75,0
                  
               
                     1429
                  
                  
                     52,7
                  
                  
                     37,2
                  
               
                     1430
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1431
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
               
                     1432
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
                  
                     73,2
                  
               
                     1433
                  
                  
                     30,3
                  
                  
                     81,6
                  
               
                     1434
                  
                  
                     30,4
                  
                  
                     89,3
                  
               
                     1435
                  
                  
                     31,5
                  
                  
                     90,4
                  
               
                     1436
                  
                  
                     32,7
                  
                  
                     88,5
                  
               
                     1437
                  
                  
                     33,7
                  
                  
                     97,2
                  
               
                     1438
                  
                  
                     35,2
                  
                  
                     99,7
                  
               
                     1439
                  
                  
                     36,3
                  
                  
                     98,8
                  
               
                     1440
                  
                  
                     37,7
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1441
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1442
                  
                  
                     40,9
                  
                  
                     100,0
                  
               
                     1443
                  
                  
                     42,4
                  
                  
                     99,5
                  
               
                     1444
                  
                  
                     43,8
                  
                  
                     98,7
                  
               
                     1445
                  
                  
                     45,4
                  
                  
                     97,3
                  
               
                     1446
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
                  
                     96,6
                  
               
                     1447
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     96,2
                  
               
                     1448
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     96,3
                  
               
                     1449
                  
                  
                     50,5
                  
                  
                     95,1
                  
               
                     1450
                  
                  
                     51,0
                  
                  
                     95,9
                  
               
                     1451
                  
                  
                     52,0
                  
                  
                     94,3
                  
               
                     1452
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     94,6
                  
               
                     1453
                  
                  
                     53,0
                  
                  
                     65,5
                  
               
                     1454
                  
                  
                     53,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1455
                  
                  
                     53,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1456
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1457
                  
                  
                     52,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1458
                  
                  
                     51,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1459
                  
                  
                     51,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1460
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1461
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1462
                  
                  
                     49,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1463
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1464
                  
                  
                     49,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1465
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1466
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1467
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     8,3
                  
               
                     1468
                  
                  
                     48,9
                  
                  
                     16,8
                  
               
                     1469
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     21,3
                  
               
                     1470
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     22,1
                  
               
                     1471
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     26,3
                  
               
                     1472
                  
                  
                     49,8
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
               
                     1473
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     83,4
                  
               
                     1474
                  
                  
                     51,4
                  
                  
                     90,6
                  
               
                     1475
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     93,8
                  
               
                     1476
                  
                  
                     53,3
                  
                  
                     94,0
                  
               
                     1477
                  
                  
                     54,2
                  
                  
                     94,1
                  
               
                     1478
                  
                  
                     54,9
                  
                  
                     94,3
                  
               
                     1479
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     94,6
                  
               
                     1480
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     94,9
                  
               
                     1481
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     86,2
                  
               
                     1482
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     64,1
                  
               
                     1483
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     46,1
                  
               
                     1484
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     33,4
                  
               
                     1485
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     23,6
                  
               
                     1486
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     18,6
                  
               
                     1487
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     16,2
                  
               
                     1488
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     15,9
                  
               
                     1489
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     21,8
                  
               
                     1490
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
               
                     1491
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     18,4
                  
               
                     1492
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     25,1
                  
               
                     1493
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     27,7
                  
               
                     1494
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     22,4
                  
               
                     1495
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     20,0
                  
               
                     1496
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     17,4
                  
               
                     1497
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     20,9
                  
               
                     1498
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     22,9
                  
               
                     1499
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     21,1
                  
               
                     1500
                  
                  
                     55,1
                  
                  
                     19,2
                  
               
                     1501
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
                  
                     24,2
                  
               
                     1502
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     25,6
                  
               
                     1503
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     24,7
                  
               
                     1504
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     24,0
                  
               
                     1505
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     23,5
                  
               
                     1506
                  
                  
                     55,7
                  
                  
                     30,9
                  
               
                     1507
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     42,5
                  
               
                     1508
                  
                  
                     55,3
                  
                  
                     25,8
                  
               
                     1509
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     1,3
                  
               
                     1510
                  
                  
                     55,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1511
                  
                  
                     54,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1512
                  
                  
                     54,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1513
                  
                  
                     53,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1514
                  
                  
                     52,4
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1515
                  
                  
                     51,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1516
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1517
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1518
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1519
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1520
                  
                  
                     47,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1521
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1522
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1523
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1524
                  
                  
                     47,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1525
                  
                  
                     48,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1526
                  
                  
                     48,8
                  
                  
                     23,0
                  
               
                     1527
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     67,9
                  
               
                     1528
                  
                  
                     49,4
                  
                  
                     73,7
                  
               
                     1529
                  
                  
                     49,8
                  
                  
                     75,0
                  
               
                     1530
                  
                  
                     50,4
                  
                  
                     75,8
                  
               
                     1531
                  
                  
                     51,4
                  
                  
                     73,9
                  
               
                     1532
                  
                  
                     52,3
                  
                  
                     72,2
                  
               
                     1533
                  
                  
                     53,3
                  
                  
                     71,2
                  
               
                     1534
                  
                  
                     54,6
                  
                  
                     71,2
                  
               
                     1535
                  
                  
                     55,4
                  
                  
                     68,7
                  
               
                     1536
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     67,0
                  
               
                     1537
                  
                  
                     57,2
                  
                  
                     64,6
                  
               
                     1538
                  
                  
                     57,3
                  
                  
                     61,9
                  
               
                     1539
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     59,5
                  
               
                     1540
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
               
                     1541
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     69,8
                  
               
                     1542
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     58,5
                  
               
                     1543
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
               
                     1544
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     38,5
                  
               
                     1545
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     32,8
                  
               
                     1546
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     30,2
                  
               
                     1547
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     27,0
                  
               
                     1548
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     26,2
                  
               
                     1549
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     26,2
                  
               
                     1550
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     26,6
                  
               
                     1551
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     27,8
                  
               
                     1552
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
               
                     1553
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     32,1
                  
               
                     1554
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
               
                     1555
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
               
                     1556
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
               
                     1557
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
               
                     1558
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
               
                     1559
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     38,2
                  
               
                     1560
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     37,9
                  
               
                     1561
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     37,5
                  
               
                     1562
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
               
                     1563
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     34,8
                  
               
                     1564
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     35,8
                  
               
                     1565
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     36,2
                  
               
                     1566
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
               
                     1567
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     37,8
                  
               
                     1568
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     37,8
                  
               
                     1569
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
               
                     1570
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     36,1
                  
               
                     1571
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     36,8
                  
               
                     1572
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     35,9
                  
               
                     1573
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     35,0
                  
               
                     1574
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     36,0
                  
               
                     1575
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     36,5
                  
               
                     1576
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     38,0
                  
               
                     1577
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     39,9
                  
               
                     1578
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
               
                     1579
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     47,0
                  
               
                     1580
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     48,0
                  
               
                     1581
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
               
                     1582
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     48,9
                  
               
                     1583
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     48,2
                  
               
                     1584
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     48,3
                  
               
                     1585
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     47,9
                  
               
                     1586
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
               
                     1587
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
               
                     1588
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     44,4
                  
               
                     1589
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
               
                     1590
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
               
                     1591
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     43,2
                  
               
                     1592
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
               
                     1593
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
               
                     1594
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     43,1
                  
               
                     1595
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
               
                     1596
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,7
                  
               
                     1597
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
               
                     1598
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
               
                     1599
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
               
                     1600
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,6
                  
               
                     1601
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,6
                  
               
                     1602
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
               
                     1603
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
               
                     1604
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
               
                     1605
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
               
                     1606
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,0
                  
               
                     1607
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,1
                  
               
                     1608
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
               
                     1609
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
               
                     1610
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     41,8
                  
               
                     1611
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
               
                     1612
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     42,0
                  
               
                     1613
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
               
                     1614
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     41,9
                  
               
                     1615
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
               
                     1616
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     41,6
                  
               
                     1617
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     42,0
                  
               
                     1618
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     40,7
                  
               
                     1619
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     39,3
                  
               
                     1620
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
               
                     1621
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     44,9
                  
               
                     1622
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
               
                     1623
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     43,6
                  
               
                     1624
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     42,2
                  
               
                     1625
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     42,3
                  
               
                     1626
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     44,4
                  
               
                     1627
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     45,1
                  
               
                     1628
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
               
                     1629
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     46,3
                  
               
                     1630
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     45,5
                  
               
                     1631
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     45,0
                  
               
                     1632
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     44,9
                  
               
                     1633
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     45,2
                  
               
                     1634
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     46,0
                  
               
                     1635
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     46,6
                  
               
                     1636
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     48,3
                  
               
                     1637
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
               
                     1638
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     50,3
                  
               
                     1639
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     51,9
                  
               
                     1640
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     54,1
                  
               
                     1641
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     54,9
                  
               
                     1642
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     55,0
                  
               
                     1643
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
               
                     1644
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     58,6
                  
               
                     1645
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     59,1
                  
               
                     1646
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     62,5
                  
               
                     1647
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     62,8
                  
               
                     1648
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     64,7
                  
               
                     1649
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     65,6
                  
               
                     1650
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     67,7
                  
               
                     1651
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     68,9
                  
               
                     1652
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     68,9
                  
               
                     1653
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     69,5
                  
               
                     1654
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     69,8
                  
               
                     1655
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     69,3
                  
               
                     1656
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     69,8
                  
               
                     1657
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     69,2
                  
               
                     1658
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     68,7
                  
               
                     1659
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     69,4
                  
               
                     1660
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     69,5
                  
               
                     1661
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     70,0
                  
               
                     1662
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     69,7
                  
               
                     1663
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     70,2
                  
               
                     1664
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     70,5
                  
               
                     1665
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     70,5
                  
               
                     1666
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     69,7
                  
               
                     1667
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     69,3
                  
               
                     1668
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     70,9
                  
               
                     1669
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     70,8
                  
               
                     1670
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     71,1
                  
               
                     1671
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     71,0
                  
               
                     1672
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     68,6
                  
               
                     1673
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     68,6
                  
               
                     1674
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     68,0
                  
               
                     1675
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     65,1
                  
               
                     1676
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     60,9
                  
               
                     1677
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
               
                     1678
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     54,3
                  
               
                     1679
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     48,6
                  
               
                     1680
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
                  
                     44,1
                  
               
                     1681
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
                  
                     40,2
                  
               
                     1682
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     36,9
                  
               
                     1683
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     34,2
                  
               
                     1684
                  
                  
                     57,4
                  
                  
                     31,1
                  
               
                     1685
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     25,9
                  
               
                     1686
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
               
                     1687
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     16,4
                  
               
                     1688
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
               
                     1689
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     8,9
                  
               
                     1690
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     8,0
                  
               
                     1691
                  
                  
                     57,5
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     1692
                  
                  
                     57,3
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     1693
                  
                  
                     57,6
                  
                  
                     5,5
                  
               
                     1694
                  
                  
                     57,3
                  
                  
                     4,5
                  
               
                     1695
                  
                  
                     57,2
                  
                  
                     3,2
                  
               
                     1696
                  
                  
                     57,2
                  
                  
                     3,1
                  
               
                     1697
                  
                  
                     57,3
                  
                  
                     4,9
                  
               
                     1698
                  
                  
                     57,3
                  
                  
                     4,2
                  
               
                     1699
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     5,5
                  
               
                     1700
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     5,1
                  
               
                     1701
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     5,2
                  
               
                     1702
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     5,5
                  
               
                     1703
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     5,4
                  
               
                     1704
                  
                  
                     57,1
                  
                  
                     6,1
                  
               
                     1705
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     5,7
                  
               
                     1706
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     5,8
                  
               
                     1707
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     6,1
                  
               
                     1708
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     5,9
                  
               
                     1709
                  
                  
                     57,0
                  
                  
                     6,6
                  
               
                     1710
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     6,4
                  
               
                     1711
                  
                  
                     56,7
                  
                  
                     6,7
                  
               
                     1712
                  
                  
                     56,9
                  
                  
                     6,9
                  
               
                     1713
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     5,6
                  
               
                     1714
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     5,1
                  
               
                     1715
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     6,5
                  
               
                     1716
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     10,0
                  
               
                     1717
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     12,4
                  
               
                     1718
                  
                  
                     56,5
                  
                  
                     14,5
                  
               
                     1719
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     16,3
                  
               
                     1720
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     18,1
                  
               
                     1721
                  
                  
                     56,6
                  
                  
                     20,7
                  
               
                     1722
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     22,6
                  
               
                     1723
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     25,8
                  
               
                     1724
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     27,7
                  
               
                     1725
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     29,7
                  
               
                     1726
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     32,6
                  
               
                     1727
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     34,9
                  
               
                     1728
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     36,4
                  
               
                     1729
                  
                  
                     56,0
                  
                  
                     39,2
                  
               
                     1730
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     41,4
                  
               
                     1731
                  
                  
                     55,5
                  
                  
                     44,2
                  
               
                     1732
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     46,4
                  
               
                     1733
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     48,3
                  
               
                     1734
                  
                  
                     55,6
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
               
                     1735
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     49,3
                  
               
                     1736
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
               
                     1737
                  
                  
                     55,9
                  
                  
                     47,4
                  
               
                     1738
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     46,9
                  
               
                     1739
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
               
                     1740
                  
                  
                     56,1
                  
                  
                     45,8
                  
               
                     1741
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     46,0
                  
               
                     1742
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
               
                     1743
                  
                  
                     56,3
                  
                  
                     45,9
                  
               
                     1744
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     44,6
                  
               
                     1745
                  
                  
                     56,2
                  
                  
                     46,0
                  
               
                     1746
                  
                  
                     56,4
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
               
                     1747
                  
                  
                     55,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1748
                  
                  
                     55,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1749
                  
                  
                     55,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1750
                  
                  
                     54,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1751
                  
                  
                     54,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1752
                  
                  
                     53,3
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1753
                  
                  
                     52,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1754
                  
                  
                     51,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1755
                  
                  
                     50,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1756
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1757
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1758
                  
                  
                     47,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1759
                  
                  
                     46,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1760
                  
                  
                     45,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1761
                  
                  
                     44,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1762
                  
                  
                     43,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1763
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1764
                  
                  
                     41,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1765
                  
                  
                     39,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1766
                  
                  
                     36,7
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1767
                  
                  
                     33,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1768
                  
                  
                     31,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1769
                  
                  
                     40,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1770
                  
                  
                     49,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1771
                  
                  
                     46,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1772
                  
                  
                     43,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1773
                  
                  
                     39,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1774
                  
                  
                     36,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1775
                  
                  
                     33,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1776
                  
                  
                     30,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1777
                  
                  
                     42,8
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1778
                  
                  
                     55,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1779
                  
                  
                     49,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1780
                  
                  
                     44,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1781
                  
                  
                     37,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1782
                  
                  
                     47,2
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1783
                  
                  
                     56,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1784
                  
                  
                     47,5
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1785
                  
                  
                     42,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1786
                  
                  
                     31,6
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1787
                  
                  
                     25,8
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1788
                  
                  
                     19,9
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1789
                  
                  
                     14,0
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1790
                  
                  
                     8,1
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1791
                  
                  
                     2,2
                  
                  
                     m
                  
               
                     1792
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1793
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1794
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1795
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1796
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1797
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1798
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1799
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     1800
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
                  
                     0,0
                  
               
                     m = motoring
                  
               
      
         APPENDIX 2
         DIESEL REFERENCE FUEL
         
                     Parameter
                  
                  
                     Unit
                  
                  
                     Limits (12)
                     
                  
                  
                     Test method (16)
                     
                  
               
                     Minimum
                  
                  
                     Maximum
                  
               
                     Cetene number
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     52
                  
                  
                     54
                  
                  
                     ISO 5165
                  
               
                     Density at 15 °C
                  
                  
                     kg/m3
                     
                  
                  
                     833
                  
                  
                     837
                  
                  
                     ISO 3675
                  
               
                     Distillation:
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 50 per cent vol.
                              
                           
                  
                     °C
                  
                  
                     245
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     ISO 3405
                  
               
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 95 per cent vol.
                              
                           
                  
                     °C
                  
                  
                     345
                  
                  
                     350
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 final boiling point
                              
                           
                  
                     °C
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     370
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Flash point
                  
                  
                     °C
                  
                  
                     55
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     ISO 2719
                  
               
                     Cold filter plugging point
                  
                  
                     °C
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     –5
                  
                  
                     EN 116
                  
               
                     Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C
                  
                  
                     mm2/s
                  
                  
                     2,3
                  
                  
                     3,3
                  
                  
                     ISO 3104
                  
               
                     Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons
                  
                  
                     per cent m/m
                  
                  
                     2,0
                  
                  
                     6,0
                  
                  
                     EN 12916
                  
               
                     Conradson carbon residue (10 per cent DR)
                  
                  
                     per cent m/m
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     0,2
                  
                  
                     ISO 10370
                  
               
                     Ash content
                  
                  
                     per cent m/m
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     0,01
                  
                  
                     EN-ISO 6245
                  
               
                     Water content
                  
                  
                     per cent m/m
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     0,02
                  
                  
                     EN-ISO12937
                  
               
                     Sulfur content
                  
                  
                     mg/kg
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     10
                  
                  
                     EN-ISO14596
                  
               
                     Copper corrosion at 50 °C
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     1
                  
                  
                     EN-ISO 2160
                  
               
                     Lubricity (HFRR at 60 °C)
                  
                  
                     µm
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     400
                  
                  
                     CEC F-06-A-96
                  
               
                     Neutralisation number
                  
                  
                     mg KOH/g
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     0,02
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Oxidation stability @ 110 °C (13)
                         (14)
                     
                  
                  
                     h
                  
                  
                     20
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                     EN 14112
                  
               
                     FAME (15)
                     
                  
                  
                     per cent v/v
                  
                  
                     4,5
                  
                  
                     5,5
                  
                  
                     EN 14078
                  
               
      
         APPENDIX 3
         MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
         This Appendix contains the basic requirements and the general descriptions of the sampling and analysing systems for gaseous and particulate emissions measurement. Since various configurations can produce equivalent results, exact conformance with the figures of this Appendix is not required. Components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps, flow devices and switches may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the functions of the component systems. Other components which are not needed to maintain the accuracy on some systems may be excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering judgement.
         A.3.1.1.   Analytical system
         A.3.1.2.   Description of the analytical system
         Analytical system for the determination of the gaseous emissions in the raw exhaust gas (figure 9) or in the diluted exhaust gas (figure 10) are described based on the use of:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     HFID or FID analyser for the measurement of hydrocarbons;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     NDIR analysers for the measurement of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     HCLD or CLD analyser for the measurement of the oxides of nitrogen.
                  
               The sample for all components should be taken with one sampling probe and internally split to the different analysers. Optionally, two sampling probes located in close proximity may be used. Care shall be taken that no unintended condensation of exhaust components (including water and sulphuric acid) occurs at any point of the analytical system.
         
            
         
            
         A.3.1.3.   Components of figures 9 and 10
         
                     EP
                  
                  
                     Exhaust pipe
                  
               
                     SP
                  
                  
                     Raw exhaust gas sampling probe (figure 9 only)
                  
               A stainless steel straight closed end multi-hole probe is recommended. The inside diameter shall not be greater than the inside diameter of the sampling line. The wall thickness of the probe shall not be greater than 1 mm. There shall be a minimum of 3 holes in 3 different radial planes sized to sample approximately the same flow. The probe shall extend across at least 80 per cent of the diameter of the exhaust pipe. One or two sampling probes may be used.
         
                     SP2
                  
                  
                     Dilute exhaust gas HC sampling probe (figure 10 only)
                  
               The probe shall:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     be defined as the first 254 mm to 762 mm of the heated sampling line HSL1,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     have a 5 mm minimum inside diameter,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     be installed in the dilution tunnel DT (figure 15) at a point where the diluent and exhaust gas are well mixed (i.e. approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel),
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     be sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the tunnel wall so as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies,
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     be heated so as to increase the gas stream temperature to 463 K ± 10 K (190 °C ± 10 °C) at the exit of the probe, or to 385 K ± 10 K (112 °C ± 10 °C) for positive ignition engines,
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     non-heated in case of FID measurement (cold).
                  
               
                     SP3
                  
                  
                     Dilute exhaust gas CO, CO2, NOx sampling probe (figure 10 only)
                  
               The probe shall:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     be in the same plane as SP2,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     be sufficiently distant (radially) from other probes and the tunnel wall so as to be free from the influence of any wakes or eddies,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     be heated and insulated over its entire length to a minimum temperature of 328 K (55 °C) to prevent water condensation.
                  
               
                     HF1
                  
                  
                     Heated pre-filter (optional)
                  
               The temperature shall be the same as HSL1.
         
                     HF2
                  
                  
                     Heated filter
                  
               The filter shall extract any solid particles from the gas sample prior to the analyser. The temperature shall be the same as HSL1. The filter shall be changed as needed.
         
                     HSL1
                  
                  
                     Heated sampling line
                  
               The sampling line provides a gas sample from a single probe to the split point(s) and the HC analyser.
         The sampling line shall:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     have a 4 mm minimum and a 13,5 mm maximum inside diameter;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     be made of stainless steel or PTFE;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     maintain a wall temperature of 463 K ± 10 K (190 °C ± 10 °C) as measured at every separately controlled heated section, if the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is equal to or below 463 K (190 °C);
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     maintain a wall temperature greater than 453 K (180 °C), if the temperature of the exhaust gas at the sampling probe is above 463 K (190 °C);
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     maintain a gas temperature of 463 K ± 10 K (190 °C ± 10 °C) immediately before the heated filter HF2 and the HFID.
                  
               
                     HSL2
                  
                  
                     Heated NOx sampling line
                  
               The sampling line shall:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     maintain a wall temperature of 328 K to 473 K (55 °C to 200 °C), up to the converter for dry measurement, and up to the analyser for wet measurement;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     be made of stainless steel or PTFE.
                  
               
                     HP
                  
                  
                     Heated sampling pump
                  
               The pump shall be heated to the temperature of HSL.
         
                     SL
                  
                  
                     Sampling line for CO and CO2
                     
                  
               The line shall be made of PTFE or stainless steel. It may be heated or unheated.
         
                     HC
                  
                  
                     HFID analyser
                  
               Heated flame ionisation detector (HFID) or flame ionisation detector (FID) for the determination of the hydrocarbons. The temperature of the HFID shall be kept at 453 K to 473 K (180 °C to 200 °C).
         
                     CO, CO2
                     
                  
                  
                     NDIR analyser
                  
               NDIR analysers for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (optional for the determination of the dilution ratio for PT measurement).
         
                     NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     CLD analyser or NDUV analyser
                  
               CLD, HCLD or NDUV analyser for the determination of the oxides of nitrogen. If a HCLD is used it shall be kept at a temperature of 328 K to 473 K (55 °C to 200 °C).
         
                     B
                  
                  
                     Sample dryer (optional for NO measurement)
                  
               To cool and condense water from the exhaust sample. It is optional if the analyser is free from water vapour interference as determined in paragraph 9.3.9.2.2. If water is removed by condensation, the sample gas temperature or dew point shall be monitored either within the water trap or downstream. The sample gas temperature or dew point shall not exceed 280 K (7 °C). Chemical dryers are not allowed for removing water from the sample.
         
                     BK
                  
                  
                     Background bag (optional; figure 10 only)
                  
               For the measurement of the background concentrations.
         
                     BG
                  
                  
                     Sample bag (optional; figure 10 only)
                  
               For the measurement of the sample concentrations.
         A.3.1.4.   Non-methane cutter method (NMC)
         The cutter oxidises all hydrocarbons except CH4 to CO2 and H2O, so that by passing the sample through the NMC only CH4 is detected by the HFID. In addition to the usual HC sampling train (see figures 9 and 10), a second HC sampling train shall be installed equipped with a cutter as laid out in figure 11. This allows simultaneous measurement of total HC, CH4 and NMHC.
         The cutter shall be characterised at or above 600 K (327 °C) prior to test work with respect to its catalytic effect on CH4 and C2H6 at H2O values representative of exhaust stream conditions. The dew point and O2 level of the sampled exhaust stream shall be known. The relative response of the FID to CH4 and C2H6 shall be determined in accordance with paragraph 9.3.8.
         
            
         A.3.1.5.   Components of figure 11
         
                     NMC
                  
                  
                     Non-methane cutter
                  
               To oxidise all hydrocarbons except methane
         HC
         Heated flame ionisation detector (HFID) or flame ionisation detector (FID) to measure the HC and CH4 concentrations. The temperature of the HFID shall be kept at 453 K to 473 K (180 °C to 200 °C).
         
                     V1
                  
                  
                     Selector valve
                  
               To select zero and span gas
         
                     R
                  
                  
                     Pressure regulator
                  
               To control the pressure in the sampling line and the flow to the HFID
         A.3.2.   Dilution and particulate sampling system
         A.3.2.1.   Description of partial flow system
         A dilution system is described based upon the dilution of a part of the exhaust stream. Splitting of the exhaust stream and the following dilution process may be done by different dilution system types. For subsequent collection of the particulates, the entire dilute exhaust gas or only a portion of the dilute exhaust gas is passed to the particulate sampling system. The first method is referred to as total sampling type, the second method as fractional sampling type. The calculation of the dilution ratio depends upon the type of system used.
         With the total sampling system as shown in figure 12, raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe (EP) to the dilution tunnel (DT) through the sampling probe (SP) and the transfer tube (TT). The total flow through the tunnel is adjusted with the flow controller FC2 and the sampling pump (P) of the particulate sampling system (see figure 16). The dilution airflow is controlled by the flow controller FC1, which may use qm
            
            ew or qm
            
            aw and qm
            
            f as command signals, for the desired exhaust split. The sample flow into DT is the difference of the total flow and the dilution airflow. The dilution airflow rate is measured with the flow measurement device FM1, the total flow rate with the flow measurement device FM3 of the particulate sampling system (see figure 16). The dilution ratio is calculated from these two flow rates.
         
            
         With the fractional sampling system as shown in figure 13, raw exhaust gas is transferred from the exhaust pipe EP to the dilution tunnel DT through the sampling probe SP and the transfer tube TT. The total flow through the tunnel is adjusted with the flow controller FC1 connected either to the dilution airflow or to the suction blower for the total tunnel flow. The flow controller FC1 may use qm
            
            ew or qm
            
            aw and qm
            
            f as command signals for the desired exhaust split. The sample flow into DT is the difference of the total flow and the dilution airflow. The dilution airflow rate is measured with the flow measurement device FM1, the total flow rate with the flow measurement device FM2. The dilution ratio is calculated from these two flow rates. From DT, a particulate sample is taken with the particulate sampling system (see figure 16).
         
            
         A.3.2.2.   Components of figures 12 and 13
         
                     EP
                  
                  
                     Exhaust pipe
                  
               The exhaust pipe may be insulated. To reduce the thermal inertia of the exhaust pipe a thickness to diameter ratio of 0,015 or less is recommended. The use of flexible sections shall be limited to a length to diameter ratio of 12 or less. Bends shall be minimised to reduce inertial deposition. If the system includes a test bed silencer the silencer may also be insulated. It is recommended to have a straight pipe of 6 pipe diameters upstream and 3 pipe diameters downstream of the tip of the probe.
         
                     SP
                  
                  
                     Sampling probe
                  
               The type of probe shall be either of the following
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     open tube facing upstream on the exhaust pipe centreline;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     open tube facing downstream on the exhaust pipe centreline;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     multiple hole probe as described under SP in paragraph A.3.1.3;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     hatted probe facing upstream on the exhaust pipe centreline as shown in figure 14.
                  
               The minimum inside diameter of the probe tip shall be 4 mm. The minimum diameter ratio between exhaust pipe and probe shall be 4.
         When using probe type (a), an inertial pre-classifier (cyclone or impactor) with at 50 per cent cut point between 2,5 and 10 µm shall be installed immediately upstream of the filter holder.
         
            
         
                     TT
                  
                  
                     Exhaust transfer tube
                  
               The transfer tube shall be as short as possible, but:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     not more than 0,26 m in length, if insulated for 80 per cent of the total length, as measured between the end of the probe and the dilution stage,
                     or
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     not more than 1 m in length, if heated above 150 °C for 90 per cent of the total length, as measured between the end of the probe and the dilution stage.
                  
               It shall be equal to or greater than the probe diameter, but not more than 25 mm in diameter, and exiting on the centreline of the dilution tunnel and pointing downstream.
         With respect to (a), insulation shall be done with material with a maximum thermal conductivity of 0,05 W/mK with a radial insulation thickness corresponding to the diameter of the probe.
         
                     FC1
                  
                  
                     Flow controller
                  
               A flow controller shall be used to control the dilution airflow through the pressure blower PB and/or the suction blower SB. It may be connected to the exhaust flow sensor signals specified in paragraph 8.4.1. The flow controller may be installed upstream or downstream of the respective blower. When using a pressurised air supply, FC1 directly controls the airflow.
         
                     FM1
                  
                  
                     Flow measurement device
                  
               Gas meter or other flow instrumentation to measure the dilution airflow. FM1 is optional if the pressure blower PB is calibrated to measure the flow.
         
                     DAF
                  
                  
                     Diluent filter
                  
               The diluent (ambient air, synthetic air, or nitrogen) shall be filtered with a high-efficiency (HEPA) filter that has an initial minimum collection efficiency of 99,97 per cent according to EN 1822-1 (filter class H14 or better), ASTM F 1471-93 or equivalent standard.
         
                     FM2
                  
                  
                     Flow measurement device (fractional sampling type, figure 13 only)
                  
               Gas meter or other flow instrumentation to measure the diluted exhaust gas flow. FM2 is optional if the suction blower SB is calibrated to measure the flow.
         
                     PB
                  
                  
                     Pressure blower (fractional sampling type, figure 13 only)
                  
               To control the dilution airflow rate, PB may be connected to the flow controllers FC1 or FC2. PB is not required when using a butterfly valve. PB may be used to measure the dilution airflow, if calibrated.
         
                     SB
                  
                  
                     Suction blower (fractional sampling type, figure 13 only)
                  
               SB may be used to measure the diluted exhaust gas flow, if calibrated.
         
                     DT
                  
                  
                     Dilution tunnel (partial flow)
                  
               The dilution tunnel:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be of a sufficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and diluent under turbulent flow conditions (Reynolds number, Re, greater than 4 000, where Re is based on the inside diameter of the dilution tunnel) for a fractional sampling system, i.e. complete mixing is not required for a total sampling system,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     shall be constructed of stainless steel,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature,
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               
                     PSP
                  
                  
                     Particulate sampling probe (fractional sampling type, figure 13 only)
                  
               The particulate sampling probe is the leading section of the particulate transfer tube PTT (see paragraph A.3.2.6) and:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be installed facing upstream at a point where the diluent and exhaust gas are well mixed, i.e. on the dilution tunnel DT centreline approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     shall be 8 mm in minimum inside diameter,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by diluent pre-heating, provided the diluent temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 °C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust into the dilution tunnel,
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               A.3.2.3.   Description of full flow dilution system
         A dilution system is described based upon the dilution of the total amount of raw exhaust gas in the dilution tunnel DT using the CVS (constant volume sampling) concept, and is shown in figure 15.
         The diluted exhaust gas flow rate shall be measured either with a positive displacement pump (PDP), with a critical flow venturi (CFV) or with a subsonic venturi (SSV). A heat exchanger (HE) or electronic flow compensation (EFC) may be used for proportional particulate sampling and for flow determination. Since particulate mass determination is based on the total diluted exhaust gas flow, it is not necessary to calculate the dilution ratio.
         For subsequent collection of the particulates, a sample of the dilute exhaust gas shall be passed to the double dilution particulate sampling system (see figure 17). Although partly a dilution system, the double dilution system is described as a modification of a particulate sampling system, since it shares most of the parts with a typical particulate sampling system.
         
            
         A.3.2.4.   Components of figure 15
         
                     EP
                  
                  
                     Exhaust pipe
                  
               The exhaust pipe length from the exit of the engine exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet or after-treatment device to the dilution tunnel shall be not more than 10 m. If the system exceeds 4 m in length, then all tubing in excess of 4 m shall be insulated, except for an in-line smoke meter, if used. The radial thickness of the insulation shall be at least 25 mm. The thermal conductivity of the insulating material shall have a value no greater than 0,1 W/mK measured at 673 K. To reduce the thermal inertia of the exhaust pipe a thickness-to-diameter ratio of 0,015 or less is recommended. The use of flexible sections shall be limited to a length-to-diameter ratio of 12 or less.
         
                     PDP
                  
                  
                     Positive displacement pump
                  
               The PDP meters total diluted exhaust flow from the number of the pump revolutions and the pump displacement. The exhaust system backpressure shall not be artificially lowered by the PDP or diluent inlet system. Static exhaust backpressure measured with the PDP system operating shall remain within ±1,5 kPa of the static pressure measured without connection to the PDP at identical engine speed and load. The gas mixture temperature immediately ahead of the PDP shall be within ±6 K of the average operating temperature observed during the test, when no flow compensation (EFC) is used. Flow compensation is only permitted, if the temperature at the inlet to the PDP does not exceed 323 K (50 °C).
         
                     CFV
                  
                  
                     Critical flow venturi
                  
               CFV measures total diluted exhaust flow by maintaining the flow at chocked conditions (critical flow). Static exhaust backpressure measured with the CFV system operating shall remain within ±1,5 kPa of the static pressure measured without connection to the CFV at identical engine speed and load. The gas mixture temperature immediately ahead of the CFV shall be within ±11 K of the average operating temperature observed during the test, when no flow compensation (EFC) is used.
         
                     SSV
                  
                  
                     Subsonic venturi
                  
               SSV measures total diluted exhaust flow by using the gas flow function of a subsonic venturi in dependence of inlet pressure and temperature and pressure drop between venturi inlet and throat. Static exhaust backpressure measured with the SSV system operating shall remain within ±1,5 kPa of the static pressure measured without connection to the SSV at identical engine speed and load. The gas mixture temperature immediately ahead of the SSV shall be within ±11 K of the average operating temperature observed during the test, when no flow compensation (EFC) is used.
         
                     HE
                  
                  
                     Heat exchanger (optional)
                  
               The heat exchanger shall be of sufficient capacity to maintain the temperature within the limits required above. If EFC is used, the heat exchanger is not required.
         
                     EFC
                  
                  
                     Electronic flow compensation (optional)
                  
               If the temperature at the inlet to the PDP, CFV or SSV is not kept within the limits stated above, a flow compensation system is required for continuous measurement of the flow rate and control of the proportional sampling into the double dilution system. For that purpose, the continuously measured flow rate signals are used to maintain the proportionality of the sample flow rate through the particulate filters of the double dilution system (see figure 17) within ±2,5 per cent.
         
                     DT
                  
                  
                     Dilution tunnel (full flow)
                  
               The dilution tunnel
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be small enough in diameter to cause turbulent flow (Reynolds number, Re, greater than 4 000, where Re is based on the inside diameter of the dilution tunnel) and of sufficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and diluent,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be heated up to a wall temperature sufficient to eliminate aqueous condensation.
                  
               The engine exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point where it is introduced into the dilution tunnel, and thoroughly mixed. A mixing orifice may be used.
         For the double dilution system, a sample from the dilution tunnel is transferred to the secondary dilution tunnel where it is further diluted, and then passed through the sampling filters (figure 17). The secondary dilution system shall provide sufficient secondary diluent to maintain the doubly diluted exhaust stream at a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C) immediately before the particulate filter.
         
                     DAF
                  
                  
                     Diluent filter
                  
               The diluent (ambient air, synthetic air, or nitrogen) shall be filtered with a high-efficiency (HEPA) filter that has an initial minimum collection efficiency of 99,97 per cent according to EN 1822-1 (filter class H14 or better), ASTM F 1471-93 or equivalent standard.
         
                     PSP
                  
                  
                     Particulate sampling probe
                  
               The probe is the leading section of PTT and
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be installed facing upstream at a point where the diluent and exhaust gases are well mixed, i.e. on the dilution tunnel DT centreline of the dilution systems, approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the exhaust enters the dilution tunnel;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     shall be of 8 mm minimum inside diameter;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature by direct heating or by diluent pre-heating, provided the air temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 °C) prior to the introduction of the exhaust in the dilution tunnel;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               A.3.2.5.   Description of particulate sampling system
         The particulate sampling system is required for collecting the particulates on the particulate filter and is shown in figures 16 and 17. In the case of total sampling partial flow dilution, which consists of passing the entire diluted exhaust sample through the filters, the dilution and sampling systems usually form an integral unit (see figure 12). In the case of fractional sampling partial flow dilution or full flow dilution, which consists of passing through the filters only a portion of the diluted exhaust, the dilution and sampling systems usually form different units.
         For a partial flow dilution system, a sample of the diluted exhaust gas is taken from the dilution tunnel DT through the particulate sampling probe PSP and the particulate transfer tube PTT by means of the sampling pump P, as shown in figure 16. The sample is passed through the filter holder(s) FH that contain the particulate sampling filters. The sample flow rate is controlled by the flow controller FC3.
         For of full flow dilution system, a double dilution particulate sampling system shall be used, as shown in figure 17. A sample of the diluted exhaust gas is transferred from the dilution tunnel DT through the particulate sampling probe PSP and the particulate transfer tube PTT to the secondary dilution tunnel SDT, where it is diluted once more. The sample is then passed through the filter holder(s) FH that contain the particulate sampling filters. The dilution airflow rate is usually constant whereas the sample flow rate is controlled by the flow controller FC3. If electronic flow compensation EFC (see figure 15) is used, the total diluted exhaust gas flow is used as command signal for FC3.
         
            
         
            
         A.3.2.6.   Components of figures 16 (partial flow system only) and 17 (full flow system only)
         
                     PTT
                  
                  
                     Particulate transfer tube
                  
               The transfer tube:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be inert with respect to PM,
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature,
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               
                     SDT
                  
                  
                     Secondary dilution tunnel (figure 17 only)
                  
               The secondary dilution tunnel:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall be of sufficient length and diameter so as to comply with the residence time requirements of paragraph 9.4.2(f);
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               
                     FH
                  
                  
                     Filter holder
                  
               The filter holder:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     shall have a 12,5° (from centre) divergent cone angle to transition from the transfer line diameter to the exposed diameter of the filter face;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     may be heated to no greater than 325 K (52 °C) wall temperature;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     may be insulated.
                  
               Multiple filter changers (auto changers) are acceptable, as long as there is no interaction between sampling filters.
         PTFE membrane filters shall be installed in a specific cassette within the filter holder.
         An inertial pre-classifier with a 50 per cent cut point between 2,5 µm and 10 µm shall be installed immediately upstream of the filter holder, if an open tube sampling probe facing upstream is used.
         
                     P
                  
                  
                     Sampling pump
                  
               
                     FC2
                  
                  
                     Flow controller
                  
               A flow controller shall be used for controlling the particulate sample flow rate.
         
                     FM3
                  
                  
                     Flow measurement device
                  
               Gas meter or flow instrumentation to determine the particulate sample flow through the particulate filter. It may be installed upstream or downstream of the sampling pump P.
         
                     FM4
                  
                  
                     Flow measurement device
                  
               Gas meter or flow instrumentation to determine the secondary dilution airflow through the particulate filter.
         
                     BV
                  
                  
                     Ball valve (optional)
                  
               The ball valve shall have an inside diameter not less than the inside diameter of the particulate transfer tube PTT, and a switching time of less than 0,5 s.
      
      
         APPENDIX 4
         STATISTICS
         A.4.1.   Mean value and standard deviation
         The arithmetic mean value shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (92)
         The standard deviation shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (93)
         A.4.2.   Regression analysis
         The slope of the regression shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (94)
         The y intercept of the regression shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (95)
         The standard error of estimate (SEE) shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (96)
         The coefficient of determination shall be calculated as follows:
         
             (97)
         A.4.3.   Determination of system equivalency
         The determination of system equivalency according to paragraph 5.1.1 shall be based on a 7 sample pair (or larger) correlation study between the candidate system and one of the accepted reference systems of this Annex using the appropriate test cycle(s). The equivalency criteria to be applied shall be the F-test and the two-sided Student t-test.
         This statistical method examines the hypothesis that the sample standard deviation and sample mean value for an emission measured with the candidate system do not differ from the sample standard deviation and sample mean value for that emission measured with the reference system. The hypothesis shall be tested on the basis of a 10 per cent significance level of the F and t values. The critical F and t values for 7 to 10 sample pairs are given in table 9. If the F and t values calculated according to the equation below are greater than the critical F and t values, the candidate system is not equivalent.
         The following procedure shall be followed. The subscripts R and C refer to the reference and candidate system, respectively:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Conduct at least 7 tests with the candidate and reference systems operated in parallel. The number of tests is referred to as n
                        R and n
                        C.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  Calculate the mean values 
                         and 
                         and the standard deviations s
                     R and s
                     C.
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Calculate the F value, as follows:
                     
                         (98)
                     (the greater of the two standard deviations s
                        R or s
                        C shall be in the numerator)
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Calculate the t value, as follows:
                     
                         (99)
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     Compare the calculated F and t values with the critical F and t values corresponding to the respective number of tests indicated in table 9. If larger sample sizes are selected, consult statistical tables for 10 per cent significance (90 per cent confidence) level.
                  
               
                     (f)
                  
                  
                     Determine the degrees of freedom (df), as follows:
                     
                                 for the F-test:
                              
                              
                                 
                                    , 
                                    
                              
                              
                                 (100)
                              
                           
                                 for the t-test:
                              
                              
                                 
                                    
                              
                              
                                 (101)
                              
                           
               
                     (g)
                  
                  
                     Determine the equivalency, as follows:
                     
                                 (i)
                              
                              
                                 if F < F
                                    crit and t < t
                                    crit, then the candidate system is equivalent to the reference system of this Annex
                              
                           
                                 (ii)
                              
                              
                                 if F ≥ F
                                    crit or t ≥ t
                                    crit, then the candidate system is different from the reference system of this Annex
                              
                           
               Table 9
         
            t and F values for selected sample sizes
         
                     Sample Size
                  
                  
                     
                        F-test
                  
                  
                     
                        t-test
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        df
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        F
                        crit
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        df
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        t
                        crit
                     
                  
               
                     7
                  
                  
                     6,6
                  
                  
                     3,055
                  
                  
                     6
                  
                  
                     1,943
                  
               
                     8
                  
                  
                     7,7
                  
                  
                     2,785
                  
                  
                     7
                  
                  
                     1,895
                  
               
                     9
                  
                  
                     8,8
                  
                  
                     2,589
                  
                  
                     8
                  
                  
                     1,860
                  
               
                     10
                  
                  
                     9,9
                  
                  
                     2,440
                  
                  
                     9
                  
                  
                     1,833
                  
               
      
         APPENDIX 5
         CARBON FLOW CHECK
         A.5.1.   Introduction
         All but a tiny part of the carbon in the exhaust comes from the fuel, and all but a minimal part of this is manifest in the exhaust gas as CO2. This is the basis for a system verification check based on CO2 measurements.
         The flow of carbon into the exhaust measurement systems is determined from the fuel flow rate. The flow of carbon at various sampling points in the emissions and particulate sampling systems is determined from the CO2 concentrations and gas flow rates at those points.
         In this sense, the engine provides a known source of carbon flow, and observing the same carbon flow in the exhaust pipe and at the outlet of the partial flow PM sampling system verifies leak integrity and flow measurement accuracy. This check has the advantage that the components are operating under actual engine test conditions of temperature and flow.
         Figure 18 shows the sampling points at which the carbon flows shall be checked. The specific equations for the carbon flows at each of the sample points are given below.
         
            
         A.5.2.   Carbon flow rate into the engine (location 1)
         The carbon mass flow rate into the engine for a fuel CH
               α
            O
               ε
             is given by:
         
             (102)
         where:
         
                     
                        qm
                        
                        f
                     
                  
                  
                     is the fuel mass flow rate, kg/s
                  
               A.5.3.   Carbon flow rate in the raw exhaust (location 2)
         The carbon mass flow rate in the exhaust pipe of the engine shall be determined from the raw CO2 concentration and the exhaust gas mass flow rate:
         
             (103)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        CO2,r
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet CO2 concentration in the raw exhaust gas, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2,a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet CO2 concentration in the ambient air, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        qm
                        
                        ew
                     
                  
                  
                     is the exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of exhaust gas, g/mol
                  
               If CO2 is measured on a dry basis it shall be converted to a wet basis according to paragraph 8.1.
         A.5.4.   Carbon flow rate in the dilution system (location 3)
         For the partial flow dilution system, the splitting ratio also needs to be taken into account. The carbon flow rate shall be determined from the dilute CO2 concentration, the exhaust gas mass flow rate and the sample flow rate:
         
             (104)
         where:
         
                     
                        c
                        CO2,d
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet CO2 concentration in the dilute exhaust gas at the outlet of the dilution tunnel, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        c
                        CO2,a
                     
                  
                  
                     is the wet CO2 concentration in the ambient air, per cent
                  
               
                     
                        qm
                        
                        ew
                     
                  
                  
                     is the exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        qm
                        
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     is the sample flow of exhaust gas into partial flow dilution system, kg/s
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e
                     
                  
                  
                     is the molar mass of exhaust gas, g/mol
                  
               If CO2 is measured on a dry basis, it shall be converted to wet basis according to paragraph 8.1.
         A.5.5.   Calculation of the molar mass of the exhaust gas
         The molar mass of the exhaust gas shall be calculated according to equation 41 (see paragraph 8.4.2.4)
         Alternatively, the following exhaust gas molar masses may be used:
         
                     
                        M
                        e (diesel)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     28,9 g/mol
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e (LPG)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     28,6 g/mol
                  
               
                     
                        M
                        e (NG)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     28,3 g/mol
                  
               
      
         APPENDIX 6
         EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION PROCEDURE
         A.6.1.   Speed and torque denormalisation procedure
         As an example, the following test point shall be denormalised:
         
                     per cent speed
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     43 per cent
                  
               
                     per cent torque
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     82 per cent
                  
               Given the following values:
         
                     
                        n
                        lo
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     1 015 min–1
                     
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        hi
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     2 200 min–1
                     
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        pref
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     1 300 min–1
                     
                  
               
                     
                        n
                        idle
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     600 min–1
                     
                  
               results in:
         
                     actual speed
                  
                  = 
                        
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     = 1 178 min–1
                     
                  
               With the maximum torque of 700 Nm observed from the mapping curve at 1 178 min–1
         
         actual torque =  = 574 Nm
         A.6.2.   Basic data for stoichiometric calculations
         
                     Atomic mass of hydrogen
                  
                  
                     1,00794 g/atom
                  
               
                     Atomic mass of carbon
                  
                  
                     12,011 g/atom
                  
               
                     Atomic mass of sulphur
                  
                  
                     32,065 g/atom
                  
               
                     Atomic mass of nitrogen
                  
                  
                     14,0067 g/atom
                  
               
                     Atomic mass of oxygen
                  
                  
                     15,9994 g/atom
                  
               
                     Atomic mass of argon
                  
                  
                     39,9 g/atom
                  
               
                     Molar mass of water
                  
                  
                     18,01534 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of carbon dioxide
                  
                  
                     44,01 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of carbon monoxide
                  
                  
                     28,011 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of oxygen
                  
                  
                     31,9988 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of nitrogen
                  
                  
                     28,011 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of nitric oxide
                  
                  
                     30,008 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of nitrogen dioxide
                  
                  
                     46,01 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of sulphur dioxide
                  
                  
                     64,066 g/mol
                  
               
                     Molar mass of dry air
                  
                  
                     28,965 g/mol
                  
               Assuming no compressibility effects, all gases involved in the engine intake/combustion/exhaust process can be considered to be ideal and any volumetric calculations shall therefore be based on a molar volume of 22,414 l/mol according to Avogadro’s hypothesis.
         A.6.3.   Gaseous emissions (diesel fuel)
         The measurement data of an individual point of the test cycle (data sampling rate of 1 Hz) for the calculation of the instantaneous mass emission are shown below. In this example, CO and NOx are measured on a dry basis, HC on a wet basis. The HC concentration is given in propane equivalent (C3) and has to be multiplied by 3 to result in the C1 equivalent. The calculation procedure is identical for the other points of the cycle.
         The calculation example shows the rounded intermediate results of the different steps for better illustration. It should be noted that for actual calculation, rounding of intermediate results is not permitted (see paragraph 8).
         
                     
                        T
                        a,i
                     
                     (K)
                  
                  
                     
                        H
                        a,i
                     
                     (g/kg)
                  
                  
                     
                        W
                        act
                     
                     kWh
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        ew,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        aw,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        f,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        c
                        HC,i
                     
                     (ppm)
                  
                  
                     
                        c
                        CO,i
                     
                     (ppm)
                  
                  
                     
                        c
                        NOx,i
                     
                     (ppm)
                  
               
                     295
                  
                  
                     8,0
                  
                  
                     40
                  
                  
                     0,155
                  
                  
                     0,150
                  
                  
                     0,005
                  
                  
                     10
                  
                  
                     40
                  
                  
                     500
                  
               The following fuel composition is considered:
         
                     Component
                  
                  
                     Molar ratio
                  
                  
                     per cent mass
                  
               
                     H
                  
                  
                     
                        α = 1,8529
                  
                  
                     
                        w
                        ALF = 13,45
                  
               
                     C
                  
                  
                     
                        β = 1,0000
                  
                  
                     
                        w
                        BET = 86,50
                  
               
                     S
                  
                  
                     
                        γ = 0,0002
                  
                  
                     
                        w
                        GAM = 0,050
                  
               
                     N
                  
                  
                     
                        δ = 0,0000
                  
                  
                     
                        w
                        DEL = 0,000
                  
               
                     O
                  
                  
                     
                        ε = 0,0000
                  
                  
                     
                        w
                        EPS = 0,000
                  
               Step 1: Dry/wet correction (paragraph 8.1):
         Equation (16): k
            f = 0,055584 × 13,45 - 0,0001083 × 86,5 - 0,0001562 × 0,05 = 0,7382
         Equation (13): k
            w,a=  = 0,9331
         
                     Equation (12):
                  
                  
                     
                        c
                        CO,i (wet)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     40 × 0,9331
                  
                  
                     = 37,3 ppm
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        c
                        NOx,i (wet)
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     500 × 0,9331
                  
                  
                     = 466,6 ppm
                  
               Step 2: NOx correction for temperature and humidity (paragraph 8.2.1):
         
                     Equation (23):
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 0,9576
                  
               Step 3: Calculation of the instantaneous emission of each individual point of the cycle (paragraph 8.4.2.3):
         
                     Equation (36):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        HC,i
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     10 × 3 × 0,155
                  
                  
                     = 4,650
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        CO,i
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     37,3 × 0,155
                  
                  
                     = 5,782
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        Nox,I
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     466,6 × 0,9576 × 0,155
                  
                  
                     = 69,26
                  
               Step 4: Calculation of the mass emission over the cycle by integration of the instantaneous emission values and the u values from table 5 (paragraph 8.4.2.3):
         The following calculation is assumed for the WHTC cycle (1,800 s) and the same emission in each point of the cycle.
         
                     Equation (36):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        HC
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 4,01 g/test
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        CO
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 10,05 g/test
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 197,72 g/test
                  
               Step 5: Calculation of the specific emissions (paragraph 8.6.3):
         
                     Equation (69):
                  
                  
                     
                        e
                        HC
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     4,01 / 40
                  
                  
                     = 0,10 g/kWh
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        e
                        CO
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     10,05 / 40
                  
                  
                     = 0,25 g/kWh
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     
                        e
                        NOx
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     197,72 / 40
                  
                  
                     = 4,94 g/kWh
                  
               A.6.4.   Particulate Emission (diesel fuel)
         
                     
                        p
                        b,b
                     
                     (kPa)
                  
                  
                     
                        p
                        b,a
                     
                     (kPa)
                  
                  
                     
                        W
                        act
                     
                     (kWh)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        ew,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        f,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        dw,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        dew,i
                     
                     (kg/s)
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        uncor,b
                     
                     (mg)
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        uncor,a
                     
                     (mg)
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        sep
                     
                     (kg)
                  
               
                     99
                  
                  
                     100
                  
                  
                     40
                  
                  
                     0,155
                  
                  
                     0,005
                  
                  
                     0,0015
                  
                  
                     0,0020
                  
                  
                     90,0000
                  
                  
                     91,7000
                  
                  
                     1,515
                  
               Step 1: Calculation of m
            edf (paragraph 8.4.3.2.2):
         
                     Equation (48):
                  
                  
                     
                        r
                        d,i
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 4
                  
               
                     Equation (47):
                  
                  
                     
                        qm
                        
                        edf,i
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     0,155 × 4
                  
                  
                     = 0,620 kg/s
                  
               
                     Equation (46):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        edf
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 1,116 kg/test
                  
               Step 2: Buoyancy correction of the particulate mass (paragraph 8.3)
         Before test:
         
                     Equation (26):
                  
                  
                     
                        ρ
                        a,b
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 1,164 kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     Equation (25):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        f,T
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 90,0325 mg
                  
               After test:
         
                     Equation (26):
                  
                  
                     
                        ρ
                        a,a
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 1,176 kg/m3
                     
                  
               
                     Equation (25):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        f,G
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 91,7334 mg
                  
               
                     Equation (27):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        p
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     91,7334 mg – 90,0325 mg
                  
                  
                     = 1,7009 mg
                  
               Step 3: Calculation of the particulate mass emission (paragraph 8.4.3.2.2):
         
                     Equation (45):
                  
                  
                     
                        m
                        PM
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     
                        
                  
                  
                     = 1,253 g/test
                  
               Step 4: Calculation of the specific emission (paragraph 8.6.3):
         
                     Equation (69):
                  
                  
                     
                        e
                        PM
                     
                  
                  
                     =
                  
                  
                     1,253 / 40
                  
                  
                     = 0,031 g/kWh
                  
               
      
         APPENDIX 7
         INSTALLATION OF AUXILIARIES AND EQUIPMENT FOR EMISSIONS TEST
         
                     Number
                  
                  
                     Auxiliaries
                  
                  
                     Fitted for emission test
                  
               
                     1
                  
                  
                     Inlet system
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Inlet manifold
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Crankcase emission control system
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Control devices for dual induction inlet manifold system
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Air flow meter
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Air inlet duct work
                  
                  
                     Yes, or test cell equipment
                  
               
                     Air filter
                  
                  
                     Yes, or test cell equipment
                  
               
                     Inlet silencer
                  
                  
                     Yes, or test cell equipment
                  
               
                     Speed-limiting device
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     2
                  
                  
                     Induction-heating device of inlet manifold
                  
                  
                     Yes, if possible to be set in the most favourable condition
                  
               
                     3
                  
                  
                     Exhaust system
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Exhaust manifold
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Connecting pipes
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Silencer
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Tail pipe
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Exhaust brake
                  
                  
                     No, or fully open
                  
               
                     Pressure charging device
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     4
                  
                  
                     Fuel supply pump
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     5
                  
                  
                     Equipment for gas engines
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Electronic control system, air flow meter, etc.
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Pressure reducer
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Evaporator
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Mixer
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     6
                  
                  
                     Fuel injection equipment
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Pre-filter
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Filter
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Pump
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     High-pressure pipe
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Injector
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Air inlet valve
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Electronic control system, sensors, etc.
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Governor/control system
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Automatic full-load stop for the control rack depending on atmospheric conditions
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     7
                  
                  
                     Liquid-cooling equipment
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Radiator
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Fan
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Fan cowl
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Water pump
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Thermostat
                  
                  
                     Yes, may be fixed fully open
                  
               
                     8
                  
                  
                     Air cooling
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Cowl
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Fan or blower
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Temperature-regulating device
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     9
                  
                  
                     Electrical equipment
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Generator
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Coil or coils
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Wiring
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Electronic control system
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     10
                  
                  
                     Intake air charging equipment
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Compressor driven either directly by the engine and/or by the exhaust gases
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     Charge air cooler
                  
                  
                     Yes, or test cell system
                  
               
                     Coolant pump or fan (engine-driven)
                  
                  
                     No
                  
               
                     Coolant flow control device
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     11
                  
                  
                     Anti-pollution device (exhaust after-treatment system)
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               
                     12
                  
                  
                     Starting equipment
                  
                  
                     Yes, or test cell system
                  
               
                     13
                  
                  
                     Lubricating oil pump
                  
                  
                     Yes
                  
               ’
   Modify Annex 9B
   The title, amend to read:
   
   Paragraph 1, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘1.
               
               
                  APPLICABILITY
                  This annex is applicable to diesel or gaseous-fuelled (NG or LPG) engines intended to be mounted in road vehicles, but is not applicable to dual-fuel or bi-fuelled engines.
               
            Note: Annex 9B is applicable instead of Annex 9A upon decision of the Contracting Parties, provided that Annex 4B is also applied. Nevertheless, in the case a Contracting Party decides to apply this Annex, some requirements of Annex 9A may still remain applicable at the explicit request of that Contracting Party, provided that these requirements are not in contradiction to the specifications of this Annex.’
   
   Paragraph 3.35, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘3.35.
               
               
                  “Warm-up cycle” means sufficient engine operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 22 K (22 °C / 40 °F) from engine starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 333 K (60 °C / 140 °F) (2).’
               
            
   Paragraph 3.36, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘3.36.
               
               
                  Abbreviations
                  
                              CV
                           
                           
                              Crankcase Ventilation
                           
                        
                              DOC
                           
                           
                              Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
                           
                        
                              DPF
                           
                           
                              Diesel Particulate Filter or Particulate Trap including catalysed DPFs and Continuously Regenerating Traps (CRT)
                           
                        
                              DTC
                           
                           
                              Diagnostic trouble code
                           
                        
                              EGR
                           
                           
                              Exhaust Gas Recirculation
                           
                        
                              HC
                           
                           
                              Hydrocarbon
                           
                        
                              LNT
                           
                           
                              Lean NOx Trap (or NOx absorber)
                           
                        
                              LPG
                           
                           
                              Liquefied Petroleum Gas
                           
                        
                              MECS
                           
                           
                              Malfunction Emission Control Strategy
                           
                        
                              NG
                           
                           
                              Natural Gas
                           
                        
                              NOx
                              
                           
                           
                              Oxides of Nitrogen
                           
                        
                              OTL
                           
                           
                              OBD Threshold Limit
                           
                        
                              PM
                           
                           
                              Particulate Matter
                           
                        
                              SCR
                           
                           
                              Selective Catalytic Reduction
                           
                        
                              SW
                           
                           
                              Screen Wipers
                           
                        
                              TFF
                           
                           
                              Total Functional Failure monitoring
                           
                        
                              VGT
                           
                           
                              Variable Geometry Turbocharger
                           
                        
                              VVT
                           
                           
                              Variable Valve Timing’
                           
                        
            
   Paragraph 4.3, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘4.3.
               
               
                  Requirements for recording OBD information
                  When a malfunction …
                  When a confirmed and active malfunction is no longer detected by the system during a complete operating sequence, it shall be given the previously active status by the start of the next operating sequence and keep that status until the OBD information associated with this malfunction is erased by a scan tool or erased from the computer memory according to paragraph 4.4.’
               
            
   Paragraph 4.7.1.2, item (l), correct ‘active DTCs Class B1’ to read ‘active DTCs for Class B1’.
   Paragraph 5.2.3, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘5.2.3.
               
               
                  Low fuel level
                  Manufacturers may request approval to disable monitoring systems that are affected by low fuel level / pressure or running out of fuel (e.g. diagnosis of a malfunction of the fuelling system or misfiring) as follows:
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              DIESEL
                           
                           
                              GAS
                           
                        
                              NG
                           
                           
                              LPG
                           
                        
                              
                                          (a)
                                       
                                       
                                          The low fuel level considered for such a disablement shall not exceed 100 litres or 20 per cent of the nominal capacity of the fuel tank, whichever is lower.
                                       
                                    
                           
                              X
                           
                           
                               
                           
                           
                              X
                           
                        
                              
                                          (b)
                                       
                                       
                                          The low fuel pressure in the tank considered for such a disablement shall not exceed 20 per cent of the nominal fuel pressure in the tank
                                       
                                    
                           
                               
                           
                           
                              X’
                           
                           
                               
                           
                        
            
   Add a new paragraph 5.2.8, to read:
   
      
                  ‘5.2.8.
               
               
                  Re-fuelling
                  After a refuelling, the manufacturer of a gaseous-fuelled vehicle may temporarily disable the OBD system when the system has to adapt to the recognition by the ECU of a change in the fuel quality and composition.
                  The OBD system shall be re-enabled as soon as the new fuel is recognised and the engine parameters are readjusted. This disablement shall be limited to a maximum of 10 minutes.’
               
            
   Paragraph 6, amend to read (adding a new subparagraph (d)):
   
      
                  ‘6.
               
               
                  DEMONSTRATION REQUIREMENTS
                  …
                  
                              (d)
                           
                           
                              procedure for selecting the reference fuel in case of a gas engine’
                           
                        
            
   Paragraph 6.3, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘6.3.
               
               
                  Procedures for demonstrating the OBD performance
                  The manufacturer shall …
                  In the following paragraphs the requirements for demonstrating the OBD performance are listed, including requirements for testing. The number of tests shall be four times the number of engine families considered within the emission OBD family, but shall not be less than 8.
                  The monitors selected shall reflect the different types of monitors mentioned in paragraph 4.2 (i.e. emission threshold monitoring, performance monitoring, total functional failure monitoring, or component monitoring) in a well balanced manner. The monitors selected shall also reflect the different items listed in Appendix 3 of this Annex in a well balanced manner.’
               
            
   Paragraph 6.3.2, amend to read (correcting also footnote 10):
   
      
                  ‘6.3.2.
               
               
                  Procedures for qualifying a deteriorated component (or system)
                  This paragraph applies to the cases where the malfunction selected for an OBD demonstration test is monitored against tailpipe emissions (17) (emission threshold monitoring — see paragraph 4.2) and it is required that the manufacturer demonstrates, by an emission test, the qualification of that deteriorated component.
               
            
   Insert a new paragraph 6.5, to read:
   
      
                  ‘6.5.
               
               
                  Procedure for selecting the reference fuel in case of a gas engine
                  Demonstration of the OBD performance and malfunction classification shall be performed by using one of the reference fuels mentioned in Annex 5 on which the engine is designed to operate.
                  The selection of this reference fuel is done by the type approval authority, who shall provide sufficient time for the test laboratory to supply the selected reference fuel.’
               
            
   Paragraph 7.2, amend to read:
   
      
                  ‘7.2.
               
               
                  Applicable tests
                  In the context of this Annex:
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              the emission test-cycle is the test-cycle used for the measurement of the regulated emissions when qualifying a deteriorated component or system,
                           
                        
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              the OBD test-cycle is the test-cycle used to demonstrate the capacity of the OBD monitors to detect malfunctions.’
                           
                        
            
   Paragraph 7.2.2, amend to read (deleting the word ‘Word-wide harmonised’):
   
      
                  ‘7.2.2.
               
               
                  OBD test cycle
                  The OBD test-cycle considered in this Annex is the hot part of the WHTC cycle as described in Annex 4B.
                  On request of the manufacturer and after approval of the type approval authority, an alternative OBD test-cycle can be used (e.g. the cold part of the WHTC cycle) for a specific monitor. The request shall contain documentation (technical considerations, simulation, test results, etc.) showing that:
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              the requested test-cycle appropriate to demonstrate monitoring occurs under real world driving conditions, and,
                           
                        
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              the hot part of the WHTC cycle appears as less appropriate for the considered monitoring (e.g. fluid consumption monitoring).’
                           
                        
            
   Paragraph 8.1.3, correct to read:
   
      
                  ‘8.1.3.
               
               
                  Documentation associated with the emission-OBD family
                  …
                  In addition, the manufacturer shall provide a list of all electronic input, output and identification of the communication protocol utilised by each emission-OBD family.’
               
            
   Annex 9B, Appendix 2, correct the first paragraph to read:
   
      ‘This appendix aims at illustrating the requirements set in paragraphs 4.3 and 4.6.5 of this Annex.’
   
   Annex 9B, Appendix 3, amend to read (inserting also a new item 15):
   
      ‘MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
      The items of this appendix list the systems or components required to be monitored by the OBD system, according to paragraph 4.2. Unless specified otherwise, the requirements apply to both diesel and gas engines.
      ITEM 1
      ELECTRIC / ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS MONITORING
      Electric/electronic components used to control or monitor the emission control systems described in this appendix shall be subject to Component Monitoring according to the provisions of paragraph 4.2 of this Annex. This includes, but is not limited to, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, exhaust gas sensors and oxygen sensors when present, knock sensors, in-exhaust fuel or reagent injector(s), in-exhaust burners or heating elements, glow plugs, intake air heaters.
      Wherever a feedback control loop exists, the OBD system shall monitor the system's ability to maintain feedback control as designed (e.g. to enter feedback control within a manufacturer specified time interval, system fails to maintain feedback control, feedback control has used up all the adjustment allowed by the manufacturer) — component monitoring.
      Note: These provisions apply to all electric-electronic components, even if they belong to any of the monitors described in the other items of this appendix.
      ITEM 2
      DPF SYSTEM
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the DPF system on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  DPF substrate: the presence of the DPF substrate — total functional failure monitoring
               
            
                  (b)
               
               
                  DPF performance: clogging of the DPF — total functional failure
               
            
                  (c)
               
               
                  DPF performance: filtering and regeneration processes (e.g. particulate accumulation during the filtering process and particulate removal during a forced regeneration process) — performance monitoring (for example, evaluation of measurable DPF properties such as backpressure or differential pressure, which may not detect all failure modes that reduce trapping efficiency).
               
            ITEM 3
      SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) MONITORING
      For the purpose of this Item, SCR means selective catalytic reduction or other lean NOx catalyst device. The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the SCR system on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  Active/intrusive reagent injection system: the system's ability to regulate reagent delivery properly, whether delivered via an in-exhaust injection or an in-cylinder injection — performance monitoring.
               
            
                  (b)
               
               
                  Active/intrusive reagent: the on-board availability of the reagent, the proper consumption of the reagent if a reagent other than fuel is used (e.g. urea) — performance monitoring.
               
            
                  (c)
               
               
                  Active/intrusive reagent: to the extent feasible the quality of the reagent if a reagent other than fuel is used (e.g. urea) — performance monitoring.
               
            
                  (d)
               
               
                  SCR catalyst conversion efficiency: the catalyst's SCR ability to convert NOx — emission threshold monitoring.
               
            ITEM 4
      LEAN-NOX TRAP (LNT, OR NOX ADSORBER)
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the LNT system on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  LNT capability: the LNT system’s ability to adsorb/store and convert NOx — performance monitoring.
               
            
                  (b)
               
               
                  LNT active/intrusive reagent injection system: the system’s ability to regulate reagent delivery properly, whether delivered via an in-exhaust injection or an in-cylinder injection — performance monitoring.
               
            ITEM 5
      OXIDATION CATALYSTS (INCL. DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST — DOC) MONITORING
      This item applies to oxidation catalysts that are separate from other after-treatment systems. Those that are included in the canning of an after-treatment system are covered within the appropriate item of this appendix.
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the oxidation catalysts on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  HC conversion efficiency: the oxidation catalysts ability to convert HC upstream of other after-treatment devices — total functional failure monitoring.
               
            
                  (b)
               
               
                  HC conversion efficiency: the oxidation catalysts ability to convert HC downstream of other after-treatment devices — total functional failure monitoring.
               
            ITEM 6
      EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) SYSTEM MONITORING
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the EGR system on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a1)
                           
                           
                              EGR low/high flow: the EGR system’s ability to maintain the commanded EGR flow rate, detecting both “flow rate too low” and “flow rate too high” conditions – emission threshold monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (a2)
                           
                           
                              EGR low/high flow: the EGR system’s ability to maintain the commanded EGR flow rate, detecting both “flow rate too low” and “flow rate too high” conditions — performance monitoring.
                              (monitoring requirement to be further discussed)
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              Slow response of the EGR actuator: the EGR system’s ability to achieve the commanded flow rate within a manufacturer specified time interval following the command — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  
                              (c)
                           
                           
                              EGR cooler under cooling performance: the EGR cooler system’s ability to achieve the manufacturer’s specified cooling performance — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            ITEM 7
      FUEL SYSTEM MONITORING
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the fuel system on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              Fuel system pressure control: fuel system ability to achieve the commanded fuel pressure in closed loop control — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              Fuel system pressure control: fuel system ability to achieve the commanded fuel pressure in closed loop control in the case where the system is so constructed that the pressure can be controlled independently of other parameters — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (c)
                           
                           
                              Fuel injection timing: fuel system ability to achieve the commanded fuel timing for at least one of the injection events when the engine is equipped with the appropriate sensors — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (d)
                           
                           
                              Fuel injection system: ability to maintain the desired air-fuel ratio (incl. but not limited to self adaptation features) — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            ITEM 8
      AIR HANDLING AND TURBOCHARGER/BOOST PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the Air Handling and Turbocharger/Boost Pressure Control System on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a1)
                           
                           
                              Turbo under/over boost: turbo boost system’s ability to maintain the commanded boost pressure, detecting both “boost pressure too low” and “boost pressure too high” conditions — emission threshold monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (a2)
                           
                           
                              Turbo under/over boost: turbo boost system’s ability to maintain the commanded boost pressure, detecting both “boost pressure too low” and “boost pressure too high” conditions — performance monitoring
                              (monitoring requirement to be further discussed).
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              Variable geometry turbo (VGT) slow response: VGT system’s ability to achieve the commanded geometry within a manufacturer specified time-performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  
                              (c)
                           
                           
                              Charge air cooling: Charge air cooling system efficiency — total functional failure.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            ITEM 9
      VARIABLE VALVE TIMING (VVT) SYSTEM
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the Variable Valve Timing (VVT) System on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  VVT target error: VVT system’s ability to achieve the commanded valve timing — performance monitoring.
               
            
                  (b)
               
               
                  VVT slow response: VVT system’s ability to achieve the commanded valve timing within a manufacturer specified time interval following the command-performance monitoring.
               
            ITEM 10
      MISFIRE MONITORING
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              No prescriptions.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              Misfire that may cause catalyst damage (e.g. by monitoring a certain percentage of misfiring in a certain period of time) — performance monitoring
                              (monitoring requirement to be further discussed together with items 6 and 8).
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            ITEM 11
      CRANKCASE VENTILATION SYSTEM MONITORING
      No prescriptions.
      ITEM 12
      ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM MONITORING
      The OBD system shall monitor the following elements of the engine cooling system for proper operation:
      
                  (a)
               
               
                  Engine coolant temperature (thermostat): Stuck open thermostat. Manufacturers need not monitor the thermostat if its failure will not disable any other OBD monitors — total functional failure.
               
            Manufacturers need not monitor the engine coolant temperature or the engine coolant temperature sensor if the engine coolant temperature or the engine coolant temperature sensor is not used to enable closed-loop/feedback control of any emissions control systems and/or will not disable any other monitor.
      Manufacturers may suspend or delay the monitor for the time to reach close loop to enable temperature if the engine is subjected to conditions that could lead to false diagnosis (e.g. vehicle operation at idle for more than 50 to 75 per cent of the warm-up time).
      ITEM 13
      EXHAUST GAS AND OXYGEN SENSORS MONITORING
      The OBD system shall monitor:
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              the electrical elements of the exhaust gas sensors on engines so-equipped for proper operation according to item 1 to this appendix — component monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  
                              (b)
                           
                           
                              both the Primary and Secondary (fuel control) oxygen sensors. These sensors are considered as exhaust gas sensors to be monitored for proper operation according to item 1 to this appendix — component monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            ITEM 14
      IDLE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM MONITORING
      The OBD system shall monitor the electrical elements of the idle speed control systems on engines so-equipped for proper operation according to item 1 to this appendix.
      ITEM 15
      THREE-WAY CATALYST
      The OBD system shall monitor the three-way catalyst on engines so-equipped for proper operation:
      
                   
               
               
                  DIESEL
               
               
                  GAS
               
            
                  
                              (a)
                           
                           
                              Three-way Catalyst Conversion efficiency: the catalyst ability to convert NOx and CO — performance monitoring.
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  X’
               
            
   Annex 9B, Appendix 4, amend to read:
   
      ‘Technical compliance report
      This report …
      FINAL COMPLIANCE REPORT
      The documentation package and the herewith described OBD system / emission OBD family comply with the requirements of the following regulation:
      Regulation … / version … / enforcement date …. / type of fuel …
      …’
   
   Annex 9B, Appendix 4, item 4, paragraph 1.1, the table, line ‘Test information’, amend ‘Testing fuel’ to read ‘Reference fuel’.
   Annex 9B, Appendix 5, table 3, amend to read:
   
      ‘Table 3
      Optional information, if used by the emission or the OBD system to enable or disable any OBD information
      
                   
               
               
                  Freeze frame
               
               
                  Data stream
               
            
                  Fuel level or tank fuel pressure (as appropriate)
               
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  Engine oil temperature
               
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  Vehicle speed
               
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  Status of the fuel quality adaptation (active / not active) in case of gas engines
               
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  Engine control computer system voltage (for the main control chip)
               
               
                  X
               
               
                  X’
               
            
   Annex 9B, Appendix 5, table 4, amend to read:
   
      ‘Table 4
      Optional information, if the engine is so equipped, senses or calculates the information
      
                   
               
               
                  Freeze frame
               
               
                  Data stream
               
            
                  Absolute throttle position …
               
               
                  X
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  …
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Oxygen sensor output
               
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  Secondary Oxygen sensor output (when fitted)
               
               
                   
               
               
                  X
               
            
                  NOx sensor output
               
               
                   
               
               
                  X’
               
            
   Insert a new Annex 9C, to read:
   ‘
         ANNEX 9C
         Technical requirements for assessing the in-use performance of on-board diagnostic systems (OBD)
         1.   APPLICABILITY
         In its current version, this Annex is only applicable to road-vehicles equipped with a Diesel engine
         2.   (Reserved)
         3.   DEFINITIONS
         3.1.   “In-Use performance ratio”
         The in-use performance ratio (IUPR) of a specific monitor m of the OBD system is: IUPRm = Numeratorm / Denominatorm
         
         3.2.   “Numerator”
         The numerator of a specific monitor m (Numeratorm) is a counter indicating the number of times a vehicle has been operated such that all monitoring conditions necessary for that specific monitor to detect a malfunction have been encountered.
         3.3.   “Denominator”
         The denominator of a specific monitor m (Denominatorm) is a counter indicating the number of vehicle driving events, taking into account conditions specific to that specific monitor.
         3.4.   “General Denominator”
         The general denominator is a counter indicating the number of times a vehicle has been operated, taking into account general conditions.
         3.5.   “Ignition cycle counter”
         The ignition cycle counter is a counter indicating the number of engine starts a vehicle has experienced.
         3.6.   “Engine start”
         An engine start consists of ignition-On, cranking and start of combustion, and is completed when the engine speed reaches 150 min–1 below the normal, warmed-up idle speed.
         3.7.   “Driving cycle”
         A driving cycle means a sequence consisting of an engine start, an operating period, an engine shut-off, and the time until the next engine start.
         3.8.   Abbreviations
         
                     IUPR
                  
                  
                     In-Use Performance Ratio
                  
               
                     IUPRm
                     
                  
                  
                     In-Use Performance Ratio of a specific monitor m
                  
               4.   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
         The OBD system shall have the capability of tracking and recording in-use performance data (paragraph 6) of the OBD monitors specified in this paragraph, of storing these data in computer memory and communicating them off-board upon request (paragraph 7).
         The in-use performance data of a monitor consists of the numerator and denominator enabling the calculation of the IUPR.
         4.1.   IUPR monitors
         4.1.1.   Groups of monitors
         Manufacturers shall implement software algorithms in the OBD system to individually track and report in-use performance data of the groups of monitors mentioned in Appendix 1 of this Annex.
         Manufacturers are not required to implement software algorithms in the OBD system to individually track and report in-use performance data of monitors running continuously as defined in paragraph 4.2.3 of Annex 9B if these monitors are already part of one of the groups of monitors mentioned in Appendix 1 of this Annex.
         In-use performance data of monitors associated to different exhaust lines or engine banks within a group of monitors shall be tracked and recorded separately as specified in paragraph 6 and reported as specified in paragraph 7.
         4.1.2.   Multiple monitors
         For each group of monitors which are required to be reported by paragraph 4.1.1, the OBD system shall separately track in-use performance data, as specified in paragraph 6, for each of the specific monitors belonging to that group.
         4.2.   Limitation of the use of in-use performance data
         In-use performance data of a single vehicle are used for the statistical evaluation of the in-use performance of the OBD system of a larger group of vehicles.
         Contrary to other OBD data, in-use performance data cannot be used to draw conclusions concerning the road-worthiness of an individual vehicle.
         5.   REQUIREMENTS FOR CALCULATING IN-USE PERFORMANCE RATIOS
         5.1.   Calculation of the in-use performance ratio
         For each monitor m considered in the present annex, the in-use performance ratio is calculated with the following formula:
         IUPRm = Numeratorm / Denominatorm
         
         where the Numeratorm and Denominatorm are incremented according to the specifications of this paragraph.
         5.1.1.   Requirements for the ratio when calculated and stored by system
         Each IUPRm ratio shall have a minimum value of zero and a maximum value of 7,99527 with a resolution of 0,000122 (18).
         A ratio for a specific component shall be considered to be zero whenever the corresponding numerator is equal to zero and the corresponding denominator is not zero.
         A ratio for a specific component shall be considered to be the maximum value of 7,99527 if the corresponding denominator is zero or if the actual value of the numerator divided by the denominator exceeds the maximum value of 7,99527.
         5.2.   Requirements for incrementing the numerator
         The numerator shall not be incremented more than once per driving cycle.
         The numerator for a specific monitor shall be incremented within 10 seconds if and only if the following criteria are satisfied on a single driving cycle:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Every monitoring condition necessary for the monitor of the specific component to detect a malfunction and store a potential DTC has been satisfied, including enable criteria, presence or absence of related DTCs, sufficient length of monitoring time, and diagnostic executive priority assignments (e.g. diagnostic “A” shall execute prior to diagnostic “B”).
                     Note: For the purpose of incrementing the numerator of a specific monitor, it may not be sufficient to satisfy all the monitoring conditions necessary for that monitor to determine the absence of a malfunction.
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     For monitors that require multiple stages or events in a single driving cycle to detect a malfunction, every monitoring condition necessary for all events to have been completed shall be satisfied.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     For monitors which are used for failure identification and that run only after a potential DTC has been stored, the numerator and denominator shall be the same as those of the monitor detecting the original malfunction.
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     For monitors that require an intrusive operation to further investigate the presence of a malfunction, the manufacturer may submit to the type approval authority an alternative way to increment the numerator. This alternative should be equivalent to that which would, had a malfunction been present, have permitted to increment the numerator.
                  
               For monitors that run or complete during engine-off operation, the numerator shall be incremented within 10 seconds after the monitor has completed during engine-off operation or during the first 10 seconds of engine start on the subsequent driving cycle.
         5.3.   Requirements for incrementing the denominator
         5.3.1.   General incrementing rules
         The denominator shall be incremented once per driving cycle, if during this driving cycle
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the general denominator is incremented as specified in paragraph 5.4, and
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the denominator is not disabled according to paragraph 5.6, and
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     when applicable, the specific additional incrementing rules specified in paragraph 5.3.2 are met.
                  
               5.3.2.   Additional monitor specific incrementing rules
         5.3.2.1.   Specific denominator for evaporative system (reserved)
         5.3.2.2.   Specific denominator for secondary air systems (reserved)
         5.3.2.3.   Specific denominator for components/systems that operate at engine start-up only
         In addition to the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1(a) and (b), the denominator(s) for monitors of components or systems that operate only at engine start-up shall be incremented if the component or strategy is commanded “on” for a time greater than or equal to 10 seconds.
         For purposes of determining this commanded “on” time, the OBD system may not include time during intrusive operation of any of the components or strategies later in the same driving cycle solely for the purposes of monitoring.
         5.3.2.4.   Specific denominator for components or systems that are not continuously commanded to function
         In addition to the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1(a) and (b), the denominator(s) for monitors of components or systems that are not continuously commanded to function (e.g. Variable Valve Timing systems — VVT- or EGR valves), shall be incremented if that component or system is commanded to function (e.g. commanded “on”, “open”, “closed”, “locked”) on two or more occasions during the driving cycle, or for a cumulative time greater than or equal to 10 seconds, whichever occurs first.
         5.3.2.5.   Specific denominator for DPF
         In addition to the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1(a) and (b), in at least one driving cycle the denominator(s) for DPF shall be incremented if at least 800 cumulative kilometres of vehicle operation or alternatively at least 750 minutes of engine run time have been experienced since the last time the denominator was incremented.
         5.3.2.6.   Specific denominator for oxidation catalysts
         In addition to the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1(a) and (b), in at least one driving cycle the denominator(s) for monitors of oxidation catalyst used for the purpose of DPF active regeneration shall be incremented if a regeneration event is commanded for a time greater than or equal to 10 seconds.
         5.3.2.7.   Specific denominator for hybrids (reserved)
         5.4.   Requirements for incrementing the general denominator
         The general denominator shall be incremented within 10 seconds, if and only if, all the following criteria are satisfied on a single driving cycle:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Cumulative time since start of driving cycle is greater than or equal to 600 seconds while remaining:
                     
                                 (i)
                              
                              
                                 at an elevation of less than 2 500 meters above sea level; and
                              
                           
                                 (ii)
                              
                              
                                 at an ambient temperature of greater than or equal to 266 K (–7 degrees Celsius); and
                              
                           
                                 (iii)
                              
                              
                                 at an ambient temperature of lower than or equal to 308 K (35 degrees Celsius).
                              
                           
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     Cumulative engine operation at or above 1 150 min–1 for greater than or equal to 300 seconds while under the conditions specified in the above subparagraph (a); as alternatives left to the manufacturer an engine operation at or above 15 per cent calculated load or a vehicle operation at or above 40 km/h may be used in lieu of the 1 150 min–1 criterion.
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     Continuous vehicle operation at idle (e.g. accelerator pedal released by driver and either vehicle speed less than or equal to 1,6 km/h or engine speed less than or equal to 200 min–1 above normal warmed-up idle) for greater than or equal to 30 seconds while under the conditions specified in the above subparagraph (a).
                  
               5.5.   Requirements for incrementing the ignition cycle counter
         The ignition cycle counter shall be incremented once and only once per engine start.
         5.6.   Incrementing disablement of the numerators, of the denominators and of the general denominator
         5.6.1.   Within 10 seconds of a malfunction being detected (i.e. a potential or a confirmed and active DTC is stored), which disables a monitor, the OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the corresponding numerator and denominator for each monitor that is disabled.
         When the malfunction is no longer detected (e.g. the potential DTC is erased through self-clearing or through a scan-tool command), incrementing of all corresponding numerators and denominators shall resume within 10 seconds.
         5.6.2.   Within 10 seconds of the start of operation of a Power Take-Off unit (PTO) that disables a monitor as permitted in paragraph 5.2.5 of Annex 9B, the OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the corresponding numerator and denominator for each monitor that is disabled.
         When the PTO operation ends, incrementing of all corresponding numerators and denominators shall resume within 10 seconds.
         5.6.3.   In the case of a malfunction (i.e. a potential or confirmed and active DTC has been stored) preventing determination of whether the criteria for the Denominatorm of a monitor m mentioned in paragraph 5.3 are satisfied (19), the OBD system shall disable further incrementing the Numeratorm and Denominatorm within 10 seconds.
         Incrementing the Numeratorm and Denominatorm shall resume within 10 seconds when the malfunction is no longer present (e.g. pending code erased through self-clearing or by a scan tool command).
         5.6.4.   In the case of a malfunction (i.e. a potential or confirmed and active DTC has been stored) preventing determination of whether the criteria for the General denominator mentioned in paragraph 5.4 are satisfied (20), the OBD system shall disable further incrementing the general denominator within 10 seconds.
         Incrementing the general denominator shall resume within 10 seconds when the malfunction is no longer present (e.g. pending code erased through self-clearing or by a scan tool command).
         The general denominator may not be disabled from incrementing for any other condition.
         6.   REQUIREMENTS FOR TRACKING AND RECORDING IN-USE PERFORMANCE DATA
         For each group of monitors listed in Appendix 1 to this Annex, the OBD system shall separately track numerators and denominators for each of the specific monitors listed in Appendix 3 of Annex 9B and belonging to that group.
         It shall report only the corresponding numerator and denominator for the specific monitor that has the lowest numerical ratio.
         If two or more specific monitors have identical ratios, the corresponding numerator and denominator for the specific monitor that has the highest denominator shall be reported for the specific group of monitors.
         In order to determine without bias the lowest ratio of a group, only the monitors specifically mentioned in that group shall be taken into consideration (e.g. a NOx sensor when used to perform one of the monitors listed in Annex 9B, Appendix 3, item 3 “SCR” will be taken into consideration into the “exhaust gas sensor” group of monitors and not in the “SCR” group of monitors).
         The OBD system shall also track and report the general denominator and the ignition cycle counter.
         Note: according to paragraph 4.1.1, manufacturers are not required to implement software algorithms in the OBD system to individually track and report numerators and denominators of monitors running continuously.
         7.   REQUIREMENTS FOR STORING AND COMMUNICATING IN-USE PERFORMANCE DATA
         Communication of the in-use performance data is a new use-case and is not included in the three existing use-cases which are dedicated to the presence of possible malfunctions
         7.1.   Information about in-use performance data
         The information about in-use performance data recorded by the OBD system shall be available upon off-board request according to paragraph 7.2.
         This information will provide type approval authorities with in use performance data.
         The OBD system shall provide all information (according to the applicable standard set in Appendix 6) for the external IUPR test equipment to assimilate the data and provide an inspector with the following information:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the VIN (vehicle identification number);
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     the numerator and denominator for each group of monitors recorded by the system according to paragraph 6;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     the general denominator;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     the value of the ignition cycle counter;
                  
               
                     (e)
                  
                  
                     the total engine running hours.
                  
               This information shall be available through “read-only” access (i.e. no clearing).
         7.2.   Access to in-use performance data
         Access to in-use performance data shall be provided only in accordance with the standards mentioned in Appendix 6 of Annex 9B and the following sub-paragraphs (21).
         Access to the in-use performance data shall not be dependent on any access code or other device or method obtainable only from the manufacturer or its suppliers. Interpretation of the in-use performance data shall not require any unique decoding information, unless that information is publicly available.
         The access method (i.e. the access point/node) to in-use performance data shall be the same as the one used to retrieve all OBD information. This method shall permit access to the complete in-use performance data required by this Annex.
         7.3.   Reinitialising in-use performance data
         7.3.1.   Reset to zero
         Each number shall be reset to zero only when a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) reset occurs (e.g. reprogramming event). Numbers may not be reset to zero under any other circumstances including when a scan tool command to clear fault codes is received.
         7.3.2.   Reset in case of memory overflow
         If either the numerator or denominator for a specific monitor reaches 65 535 ± 2, both numbers shall be divided by two before either is incremented again to avoid overflow problems.
         If the ignition cycle counter reaches the maximum value of 65 535 ± 2, the ignition cycle counter may rollover and increment to zero on the next ignition cycle to avoid overflow problems.
         If the general denominator reaches the maximum value of 65 535 ± 2, the general denominator may rollover and increment to zero on the next driving cycle that meets the general denominator definition to avoid overflow problems.
      
      
         APPENDIX 1
         GROUPS OF MONITORS
         The groups of monitors considered in this Annex are the following:
         
                     A.
                  
                  
                     Oxidation catalysts
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 5 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     B.
                  
                  
                     Selective Catalytical Reduction systems (SCR)
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 3 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     C.
                  
                  
                     Exhaust gas and oxygen sensors
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 13 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     D.
                  
                  
                     EGR systems and VVT
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in items 6 and 9 and of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     E.
                  
                  
                     DPF systems
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 2 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     F.
                  
                  
                     Boost pressure control system
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 8 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     G.
                  
                  
                     NOx adsorber
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 4 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     H.
                  
                  
                     Three-way catalyst
                     The monitors specific to that group are those listed in item 15 of Appendix 3 to Annex 9B.
                  
               
                     I.
                  
                  
                     Evaporative systems (reserved)
                  
               
                     J.
                  
                  
                     Secondary Air system (reserved)
                  
               A specific monitor shall belong only to one of these groups.
      ’
   Insert a new Annex 10, to read:
   
      
         ‘ANNEX 10
         TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ON OFF-CYCLE EMISSIONS (OCE)
         1.   APPLICABILITY
         This annex establishes performance-based off-cycle emission requirements and a prohibition on defeat strategies for heavy-duty engines and vehicles so as to achieve effective control of emissions under a broad range of engine and ambient operating conditions encountered during normal in-use vehicle operation.
         2.   Reserved (22)
         
         3.   DEFINITIONS
         3.1.   “Auxiliary Emission Strategy” (AES) means an emission strategy that becomes active and replaces or modifies a base emission strategy for a specific purpose or purposes and in response to a specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions and only remains operational as long as those conditions exist.
         3.2.   “Base Emission Strategy” (BES) means an emission strategy that is active throughout the speed and load operating range of the engine unless an AES is activated.
         3.3.   “Defeat strategy” means an emission strategy that does not meet the performance requirements for a base and/or auxiliary emission strategy as specified in this Annex.
         3.4.   “Element of design” means:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     the engine system;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     any control system, including: computer software; electronic control systems; and computer logic;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     any control system calibration; or
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     the results of any interaction of systems.
                  
               3.5.   “Emission strategy” means an element or set of elements of design that is incorporated into the overall design of an engine system or vehicle and used in controlling emissions.
         3.6.   “Emission control system” means the elements of design and emission strategies developed or calibrated for the purpose of controlling emissions.
         3.7.   “Engine family” means a manufacturer's grouping of engines as defined in gtr No 4 (23).
         3.8.   “Engine starting” means the process from the initiation of engine cranking until the engine reaches a speed 150 min–1 below the normal, warmed up idle speed (as determined in the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission).
         3.9.   “Engine system” means the engine, the emission control system and the communication interface (hardware and messages) between the engine electronic control unit(s) and any other powertrain or vehicle control unit.
         3.10.   “Engine warm-up” means sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature reaches a minimum temperature of at least 70 °C.
         3.11.   “Periodic regeneration” means the regeneration process of an exhaust after-treatment system that occurs periodically in typically less than 100 hours of normal engine operation.
         3.12.   “Rated speed” means the maximum full load speed allowed by the governor as specified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature, or, if such a governor is not present, the speed at which the maximum power is obtained from the engine, as specified by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature.
         3.13.   “Regulated emissions” means “gaseous pollutants” defined as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and/or non-methane hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1,85 for diesel, CH2,525 for LPG and CH2,93 for NG, and an assumed molecule CH3O0,5 for ethanol fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ration of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen (expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent) and “particulate matter” (PM) defined as any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature between 315 K (42 °C) and 325 K (52 °C), as measured at a point immediately upstream of the filter, this is primarily carbon, condensed hydrocarbons, and sulphates with associated water.
         4.   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
         Any engine system and any element of design liable to affect the emission of regulated pollutants shall be designed, constructed, assembled and installed so as to enable the engine and vehicle to comply with the provisions of this Annex.
         4.1.   Prohibition of defeat strategies
         Engine systems and vehicles shall not be equipped with a defeat strategy.
         4.2.   World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed emission requirement
         This annex requires that engine systems and vehicles comply with the WNTE emission limit values described in paragraph 5.2. For laboratory based testing according to paragraph 7.4, no test result shall exceed the emissions limits specified in paragraph 5.2.
         5.   PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
         5.1.   Emission strategies
         Emission strategies shall be designed so as to enable the engine system, in normal use, to comply with the provisions of this Annex. Normal use is not restricted to the conditions of use as specified in paragraph 6.
         5.1.1.   Requirements for Base Emission Strategies (BES)
         A BES shall not discriminate between operation on an applicable type approval or certification test and other operation and provide a lesser level of emission control under conditions not substantially included in the applicable type approval or certification tests.
         5.1.2.   Requirements for Auxiliary Emission Strategies (AES)
         An AES shall not reduce the effectiveness of the emission control relative to a BES under conditions that may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use, unless the AES satisfies one the following specific exceptions:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     Its operation is substantially included in the applicable type approval or certification tests, including the WNTE provisions of paragraph 7;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     It is activated for the purposes of protecting the engine and/or vehicle from damage or accident;
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     It is only activated during engine starting or warm up as defined in this Annex;
                  
               
                     (d)
                  
                  
                     Its operation is used to trade-off the control of one type of regulated emissions in order to maintain control of another type of regulated emissions under specific ambient or operating conditions not substantially included in the type approval or certification tests. The overall affect of such an AES shall be to compensate for the effects of extreme ambient conditions in a manner that provides acceptable control of all regulated emissions.
                  
               5.2.   World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed limits for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions
         5.2.1.   Exhaust emissions shall not exceed the applicable WNTE emission limits specified in paragraph 5.2.2 when the engine is operated in accordance with the conditions and procedures set out in paragraphs 6 and 7.
         5.2.2.   The applicable WNTE emission limits are determined, as follows:
         WNTE Emission Limit = WHTC Emission Limit + WNTE Component
         Where:
         
                     “WHTC Emission Limit”
                  
                  
                     is the emission limit (EL) to which the engine is certified pursuant to the WHDC gtr; and
                  
               
                     “WNTE Component”
                  
                  
                     is determined by equations 1 to 4 in paragraph 5.2.3.
                  
               5.2.3.   The applicable WNTE components shall be determined using the following equations, when the ELs are expressed in g/kWh:
         
                     For NOx:
                  
                  
                     WNTE Component = 0,25 × EL + 0,1
                  
                  
                     (1)
                  
               
                     For HC:
                  
                  
                     WNTE Component = 0,15 × EL + 0,07
                  
                  
                     (2)
                  
               
                     For CO:
                  
                  
                     WNTE Component = 0,20 × EL + 0,2
                  
                  
                     (3)
                  
               
                     For PM:
                  
                  
                     WNTE Component = 0,25 × EL + 0,003
                  
                  
                     (4)
                  
               Where the applicable ELs are expressed in units other than units of g/kWh, the additive constants in the equations shall be converted from g/kWh to the appropriate units.
         The WNTE component shall be rounded to the number of places to the right of the decimal point indicated by the applicable EL in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E 29-06.
         6.   APPLICABLE AMBIENT AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
         The WNTE emission limits shall apply at:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     All atmospheric pressures greater than or equal to 82,5 kPa;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     All temperatures less than or equal to the temperature determined by equation 5 at the specified atmospheric pressure:
                     T = –0,4514 × (101,3 – pb) + 311 (5)
                     Where:
                     
                                 T
                              
                              
                                 is the ambient air temperature, K
                              
                           
                                 pb
                                 
                              
                              
                                 is the atmospheric pressure, kPa
                              
                           
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     All engine coolant temperature above 343 K (70 °C).
                  
               The applicable ambient atmospheric pressure and temperature conditions are shown in figure 1.
         WNTE Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature Range
         
            
         7.   WORLD-HARMONISED NOT-TO-EXCEED METHODOLOGY
         7.1.   World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed control area
         The WNTE control area consists of the engine speed and load points defined in paragraphs 7.1.1 through 7.1.6. Figure 2 is an example illustration of the WNTE control area.
         7.1.1.   Engine speed range
         The WNTE control area shall include all operating speeds between the 30th percentile cumulative speed distribution over the WHTC test cycle, including idle, (n30) and the highest speed where 70 per cent of the maximum power occurs (nhi). Figure 3 is an example of the WNTE cumulative speed frequency distribution for a specific engine.
         7.1.2.   Engine torque range
         The WNTE control area shall include all engine load points with a torque value greater than or equal to 30 per cent of the maximum torque value produced by the engine.
         7.1.3.   Engine power range
         Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, speed and load points below 30 per cent of the maximum power value produced by the engine shall be excluded from the WNTE Control Area for all emissions.
         7.1.4.   Application of engine family concept
         In principal, any engine within a family with a unique torque/power curve will have its individual WNTE control area. For in-use testing, the individual WNTE control area of the respective engine shall apply. For type approval (certification) testing under the engine family concept of the WHDC gtr the manufacturer may optionally apply a single WNTE control area for the engine family under the following provisions:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     A single engine speed range of the WNTE control area may be used; if the measured engine speeds n30 and nhi are within ±3 per cent of the engine speeds as declared by the manufacturer. If the tolerance is exceeded for any of the engine speeds, the measured engine speeds shall be used for determining the WNTE control area;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     A single engine torque/power range of the WNTE control area may be used, if it covers the full range from the highest to the lowest rating of the family. Alternatively, grouping of engine ratings into different WNTE control areas is permitted.
                  
               
            
         
            
         7.1.5.   Compliance exclusion from certain WNTE operating points
         The manufacturer may request that the approval authority excludes operating points from the WNTE control area defined in paragraphs 7.1.1 through 7.1.4 during the certification/type approval. The approval authority may grant this exclusion if the manufacturer can demonstrate that the engine is never capable of operating at such points when used in any vehicle combination.
         7.2.   Minimum World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed event duration and data sampling frequency
         7.2.1.   To determine compliance with the WNTE emissions limits specified paragraph 5.2, the engine shall be operated within the WNTE control area defined in paragraph 7.1 and its emissions shall be measured and integrated over a minimum period of 30 seconds. A WNTE event is defined as a single set of integrated emissions over the period of time. For example, if the engine operates for 65 consecutive seconds within the WNTE control area and ambient conditions this would constitute a single WNTE event and the emissions would be averaged over the full 65 second period. In the case of laboratory testing, the integrating period of time of 7,5 seconds shall apply.
         7.2.2.   For engines equipped with emission controls that include periodic regeneration events, if a regeneration event occurs during the WNTE test, then the averaging period shall be at least as long as the time between the events multiplied by the number of full regeneration events within the sampling period. This requirement only applies for engines that send an electronic signal indicating the start of the regeneration event.
         7.2.3.   A WNTE event is a sequence of data collected at the frequency of at least 1 Hz during engine operation in the WNTE control area for the minimum event duration or longer. The measured emission data shall be averaged over the duration of each WNTE event.
         7.3.   World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed in-use testing
         Where the provisions of this Annex are used as basis for in-use testing, the engine shall be operated under actual in-use conditions. The test results out of the total data set that comply with the provisions of paragraphs 6, 7.1 and 7.2 shall be used for determining compliance with the WNTE emission limits specified in paragraph 5.2. It is understood that emission during some WNTE events may not be expected to comply with the WNTE emission limits. Therefore, statistical methods should be defined and implemented for determining compliance that are consistent with paragraphs 7.2 and 7.3.
         7.4.   World-harmonised Not-To-Exceed laboratory testing
         Where the provisions of this Annex are used as the basis for laboratory testing the following provision shall apply:
         7.4.1.   The specific mass emissions of regulated pollutants shall be determined on the basis of randomly defined test points distributed across the WNTE control area. All the test points shall be contained within 3 randomly selected grid cells imposed over the control area. The grid shall comprise of 9 cells for engines with a rated speed less than 3 000 min–1 and 12 cells for engines with a rated speed greater than or equal to 3 000 min–1. The grids are defined as follows:
         
                     (a)
                  
                  
                     The outer boundaries of the grid are aligned to the WNTE control area;
                  
               
                     (b)
                  
                  
                     2 vertical lines spaced at equal distance between engine speeds n30 and nhi for 9 cell grids, or 3 vertical lines spaced at equal distance between engine speeds n30 and nhi for 12 cell grids; and
                  
               
                     (c)
                  
                  
                     2 lines spaced at equal distance of engine torque (1/2) at each vertical line within the WNTE control area.
                  
               Examples of the grids applied to specific engines are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
         7.4.2.   The 3 selected grid cells shall each include 5 random test points, so a total of 15 random points shall be tested within the WNTE control area. Each cell shall be tested sequentially; therefore all 5 points in one grid cell are tested before transiting to the next grid cell. The test points are combined into a single ramped steady state cycle.
         7.4.3.   The order in which each of the grid cells are tested, and the order of testing the points within the grid cell, shall be randomly determined. The 3 grid cells to be tested, the 15 test points, the order of testing the grid cells, and the order of the points within a grid cell shall be selected by the Type Approval or Certification Authority using acknowledged statistical methods of randomisation.
         7.4.4.   The average specific mass emissions of regulated gaseous pollutants shall not exceed the WNTE limit values specified in paragraph 5.2 when measured over any of the cycles in a grid cell with 5 test points.
         7.4.5.   The average specific mass emissions of regulated particulate pollutants shall not exceed the WNTE limit values specified in paragraph 5.2 when measured over the whole 15 test point cycle.
         7.5.   Laboratory test procedure
         7.5.1.   After completion of the WHSC cycle, the engine shall be preconditioned at mode 9 of the WHSC for a period of three minutes. The test sequence shall start immediately after completion of the preconditioning phase.
         7.5.2.   The engine shall be operated for 2 minutes at each random test point. This time includes the preceding ramp from the previous steady state point. The transitions between the test points shall be linear for engine speed and load and shall last 20 ± 1 seconds.
         7.5.3.   The total test time from start until finish shall be 30 minutes. The test of each set of 5 selected random points in a grid cell shall be 10 minutes, measured from the start of the entry ramp to the 1st point until the end of the steady state measurement at the 5th point. Figure 5 illustrates the sequence of the test procedure.
         7.5.4.   The WNTE laboratory test shall meet the validation statistics of paragraph 7.7.2 of the WHDC gtr.
         7.5.5.   The measurement of the emissions shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 7.8 of WHDC gtr.
         7.5.6.   The calculation of the test results shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 8 of WHDC gtr.
         
            
         
            
         
            
         7.6.   Rounding
         Each final test result shall be rounded in one step to the number of places to the right of the decimal point indicated by the applicable WHDC emission standard plus one additional significant figure, in accordance with ASTM E 29-06. No rounding of intermediate values leading to the final brake specific emission result is permitted.
         8.   WORLD-HARMONISED NOT-TO-EXCEED DEFICIENCIES
         The concept of a deficiency is to allow an engine or vehicle to be certified as compliant with a regulation even though specific requirements, limited in scope, are not fully met. WNTE deficiency provision would allow a manufacturer to apply for relief from the WNTE emission requirements under limited conditions, such as extreme ambient temperatures and/or severe operation where vehicles do not accumulate significant mileage.
         9.   WORLD-HARMONISED NOT-TO-EXCEED EXEMPTIONS
         The concept of a WNTE exemption is a set of technical conditions under which the WNTE emission limits set out in this Annex would not apply. A WNTE exemption shall apply to all engine and vehicle manufacturers.
         It may be decided to provide a WNTE exemption, in particular with the introduction of more stringent emission limits. For example a WNTE exemption may be necessary if the Approval Authority determines that certain engine or vehicle operation within the WNTE control area cannot achieve the WNTE emission limits. In such a case, the Approval Authority may determine that it is not necessary for engine manufacturers to request a WNTE deficiency for such operation, and that the granting of a WNTE exemption is appropriate. The Approval Authority can determine both the scope of the exemption with respect to the WNTE requirements, as well as the period of time for which the exemption is applicable.
         10.   STATEMENT OF OFF-CYCLE EMISSION COMPLIANCE
         In the application for certification or type approval, the manufacturer shall provide a statement that the engine family or vehicle complies with the requirements of this Annex. In addition to this statement, compliance with the WNTE limits shall be verified through additional tests and certification procedures defined by the Contracting Parties.
         10.1.   Example statement of Off-Cycle Emission compliance
         The following is an example compliance statement:
         “(Name of manufacturer) attests that the engines within this engine family comply with all requirements of this Annex. (Name of manufacturer) makes this statement in good faith, after having performed an appropriate engineering evaluation of the emissions performance of the engines within the engine family over the applicable range of operating and ambient conditions.”
         10.2.   Basis for Off-Cycle Emission compliance statement
         The manufacturer shall maintain records at the manufacturer’s facility which contain all test data, engineering analyses, and other information which provides the basis for the OCE compliance statement. The manufacturer shall provide such information to the Certification or Type Approval Authority upon request.
         11.   DOCUMENTATION
         The Approval Authority may decide to require that the manufacturer provides a documentation package. This should describe any element of design and emission control strategy of the engine system and the means by which it controls its output variables, whether that control is direct or indirect.
         The information may include a full description of the emission control strategy. In addition, this could include information on the operation of all AES and BES, including a description of the parameters that are modified by any AES and the boundary conditions under which the AES operate, and indication of which AES and BES are likely to be active under the conditions of the test procedures in this Annex.’
      
   
   
      (1)  The numbering of this Annex is consistent with the numbering of the WHDC gtr. However, some sections of the WHDC gtr are not needed in this Annex.
   
      (2)  depending on fuel.
   
      (3)  atλ = 2, dry air, 273 K, 101,3 kPa.
   
      (4)  u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C = 66 - 76 %; H = 22 - 25 %; N = 0 - 12 %.
   
      (5)  NMHC on the basis of CH2,93 (for total HC the u
      gas coefficient of CH4 shall be used).
   
      (6)  u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C3 = 70 - 90 %; C4 = 10 - 30 %.
   
      (7)  depending on fuel.
   
      (8)  atλ = 2, dry air, 273 K, 101,3 kPa.
   
      (9)  u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C = 66 - 76 %; H = 22 - 25 %; N = 0 - 12 %.
   
      (10)  NMHC on the basis of CH2,93 (for total HC the u
      gas coefficient of CH4 shall be used).
   
      (11)  u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C3 = 70 - 90 %; C4 = 10 - 30 %.
   
      (12)  The values quoted in the specification are “true values”. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 “Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test.” have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility).
   Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for statistical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels should nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify the question as to whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 should be applied.
   
      (13)  Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice shall be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life.
   
      (14)  Oxidation stability can be demonstrated by EN-ISO12205 or by EN 14112. This requirement shall be revised based on CEN/TC19 evaluations of oxidative stability performance and test limits.
   
      (15)  FAME quality according EN 14214 (ASTM D 6751).
   
      (16)  The latest version of the respective test method applies.
   
      (17)  This paragraph will be extended to other monitors than emission threshold monitors at a later stage.’
   
      (18)  This value corresponds to a maximum hexadecimal value of 0xFFFF with a resolution of 0x1.
   
      (19)  E.g. vehicle speed / engine speed / calculated load, ambient temperature, elevation, idle operation, or time of operation.
   
      (20)  The manufacturer is allowed to use an additional on-board diagnostic display, such as a dashboard mounted video display device, for providing access to in-use performance data. Such an additional device is not subject to the requirements of this Annex.
   
      (21)  The manufacturer is allowed to use an additional on-board diagnostic display, such as a dashboard mounted video display device, for providing access to in-use performance data. Such an additional device is not subject to the requirements of this Annex.
   
      (22)  The numbering of this Annex is consistent with the numbering of the gtr on OCE. However, some paragraphs of the OCE gtr are not needed in this Annex.
   
      (23)  Test Procedures for Compression-Ignition (CI) Engines and Positive-Ignition (PI) Engines Fuelled with Natural Gas (NG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) with regard to the Emission of Pollutants (established in the Global Registry on 15 November 2006). References to gtr No 4 relate to the document established on 15 November 2006. Later changes to the WHDC gtr will have to be revaluated as to their applicability to this Annex.