CELEX: 51973PC2047
Language: en
Date: 1973-12-10
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION amending the Decision of 14 May 1973 adopting a five-year research and training programme of the European Atomic Energy Community in the field of biology and health physics (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (73) 2047
Vol. 1973/0368
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OFTHE EURQEHAE? COMMUNITIES
                                                            COLI( 73 ) 2047 final
                                                            Brussels . 10 December 1973
                                   PROPOSAL FOR A
                                  COUNCIL DECISION
    amending the Decision of 14 May 1973 adopting a five-year research and
      training programme of the European Atomic Energy Community in the
                       field of "biology and health physics
                  ( submitted to the Council "by the Commission)
  COM(73 ) 2047 final
 ---pagebreak---                                                              XI 1/36 8/73- E
1 . ; N TT? CD TTC T ON
    During the discussion in the Council on the proposed raultiannual research
    and trafn ? ng programme of the EAEC in the field of " Biology-Eeaith Physics ",
    the Commission repreaentati ve stated that ' "in the event of enlargement of
    the Community , his Institution will submit proposals to the Council for
    the programme adaptations which prove to be necessary in this sphere ".
    Q3/1 1 56/71 (AT'0 56 )~J .
    The Council Decision of 21 June 1971 , which forms part of the Community
    patrimony , concerned a joint "Radiation Protection " programme involving
    17 335 million u.a . for five years and 97 employees , and a supplementary
    programme ( Geimany , Italy s Netherlands ) devoted to' the "Application3 of
    nuclear techniques to agricultural and medical research ", with a budget
    of 5 6l0 million u.a<y and 10 employees .
    Because of the Community 's enlargement , an amendment to this decision was
    adopted by the Council on 1*t May 1973 ? raising the ceiling of expenditure
    commitments for the joint programme to 18 886 million u.a . and leaving
    the ceiling of the supplementary programme unchanged . At that time as the
    participation of the New Member States was automatic , the Commission had>
    proposed adapting the joint programme only . The Commission had however
    announced that an adaptation of the supplementary programme would be
    presented in due course ( CCM(72 ) 1505 of 8 November 1972 ), because its
    preparation would need more time .
    The participation of the new Member States in the supplementary programme
    is subject to the same conditions as the participation of the Six . It is
    therefore optional , and depends upon the attractiveness of ths Commission 's
    proposals for these countries and for the Community . With regard to the
    Member States of the original Community of the Six which did not take part
    in the supplementary programme , they are invited by the Commission to view
    the present adaptation proposal as a reconsideration of the "Applications "
    programme which could , if they wish , induce them to modify their former
    position .
 ---pagebreak--- REASONS
Because of the importance of unclear techniques and methods, for medical
and agricultural research , aiid bscause it is of interest , from this
standpoint , . to exploit the potential created in the Community , three
Member States - Germany , , Italy and the Netherlands - decide J in 1971 to
take part in a five-year research programme on the "Applications of '
nuclear techniques to agricultural and medical research".              "
The enlargement of the Community does not change Sshe importance nor the
interest 'of this subject , but :              ;
- it means th&re is more research under way on the new Community 's
   territory ,..
- it means there are more specialized laboratories able to contribute
   to the Community programme and to help        achieve its objectives .
The Commission possesses considerable information on the work being
carried out in the new Member States , on the subjects and areas of research
which are ®f a particular interest to them , and on the ties which already
exist with laboratories in the Six . It is obvious that this cooperation
should be organized in order to ensure optimum efficiency , and sheuld be
guided towards objectives whose importance is acknowledged by all .
It follows that the supplementary programme on "Applications " should be
adapted :                !
- in such a ways as to permit the ,gradu&l integration of certain skills
 , and facilities available in the new Member States ,       .
- while ensuring a wider coordination of effort , particularly with regard
 • to cooperation between laboratories ,
- without changing the framework of the programme , but emphasizing certain
   areas whose priority importance is acknowledged .
 ---pagebreak---                                                            XI 1/36 8/73-E
BEoEARCH SUBJECTS
                /
3.1 . The programme adopted by the Council on 21 June 1971 includes the
      following main research subjects :
      / erricultural research :
      - the development of methods of raldiogenetic control of insect
         pests as a particular aspect of integrated control ,
      - the development and utilization of the plant cell culture technique ,
      - certain aspects of experimental mutagenesis , including its applica­
         tion to improvement of protein patterns and to induction of disease
         resistance ^ as well as the study of incompatibility phenomena .
      - certain aspects of food irradiation ,
      - the study of movements , absorption , translocation and accumulation
         of ions and molecules in soils and plants .
      radical research :
      - radio-immunological methods of measuring the proteic and non-
         protein constituents of plasma ,                *
      - the use of short-lived isotopes for the analysis of coronary
         circulation and kidney and lung functions , and for the diagnosis
         cf hypertension ,
      - the development of a non-traumatizing method for the analysis of
         cardiac kinetics ,
      ~ in view of fast neutron radiotherapy : calculation and measurement
         of absorbed dose and neutron spectra in biological matter .
      A trore detailed description of' this programme , listing its various
      contracts , is given in Annex 1' .   '
 ---pagebreak---                                                            XI 1/56 3/73-E
J;. 2 . G ntacts on a technical level with institutions and laboratories
        in the new Kember otates have shown that collaboration with these
        institutions could be decisive for deepening and completing the
        work at present under way . Kention cculd be made of the following
        examples , for which collaboration would undoubtedly be profitable .
        Agricultural researchî
        - the culture of plant cells , and particularly the methodology for
           obtaining haploids , the induction of embryoids in anther cultures ,
           the production and somatic fusion Of protoplasts ( Annex 2 ),
        - the study and utilization of incompatibility phenomena , particu­
           larly sporophitic systems , the genetic structure of incompatibi­
           lity , and the production of interspecific hybrids ( Annex 3 )»
       -- the study of physical and chemical soil parameters , of movements
           of ions , water and herbicides in soils , of fauna and flora acti­
           vity in soils , of root development , in connection with cultivation
           techniques such as the "reduced tillage " technique ( Annex 4 ).
        Hecli^g-l research !
        - study of various human physiopathologicai problems , with the use
           of nuclear techniques ,
        - evaluation of radiobiological and clinical aspects of fast neutron
           therapy ( Annex 5 )»
        - dosimetry of fast neutrons used in radiotherapy , and comparison
           of results obtained in various centres ( Annex 6 ).
        The list of subjects suitable for more thorough investigation by
        collaboration with the laboratories of hitherto non-participating
        countries is not exhaustive . For instance ; it would undoubtedly be
        beneficial for all concerned if the attempts now under way in these
        countries to develop methods of radiogenetic control could be incor­
        porated in the present Community programme .
 ---pagebreak---                                      -6-                     XI I/3& 8/73-E
 FU::DS AND STAFF
- The .Council Decision of 1*f Kay 1973 was a confirmation , as far as the
   supplementary programme is concerned , of the Decision of 21 June 1971 *
   which granted 5 610 million u.a » over 5 years , and fixed a staff
   ceiling of . 10 persons , thus ensuring continuity of the work carried
   out in Germany,j Italy and the Netherlands until the end of 1975 *
- After studying the scientific problems involved , both in the hember
   States already taking part in the programme and in the others , it has
   been possible to single out certain fields in which further study is
   desirable and to eval'.iate the funds needed for this purpose .
*" "-}e average participation cf the Commission , per year and per project ,
   is 25 000 u.a .*, except in contracts in the "Neutron therapy-Dosimetry
   field where it amounts to 12 COO u.a .
   New projects should be undertaken for a 2-year period ( 197^-75 ) in the
    new iiember States as well as in the former Member States . Moreover ,
   certain programmes should be supplemented by stepping up the work
   already under way in the original participating States . The increase
   in the funds granted to the programme would amount to 1.8 million u.a »
   for 2 years , entirely devoted to + 27 "Agriculture " projects , grouped
   in the programme , and to + 17 "Medicine " projects .
   As an approximate guide , a possible distribution of projects could be
                                             Agri or. 1 ture       ME DIVINE
   New Member States                              1h                    δ
   Hon participating former Member States          8                    k
   Participating fcrmer Member States              5                    5
   This figure is based on the participation of the Commission in the
   groups of contracts " Cell culture ", " Radioentomology", in the sub­
   contracts of the EURATOn-ITAL Association , and in a cost-sharing
   contract in the field of nuclear medicine .
 ---pagebreak---                                 -7                    Χ1Ι/368/73-Ε
No modification of the authorized staff is proposed .
This proposal , of limited scope , is intended to set up the   first
ties between the laboratories of   the Six ( or some of them ) and those
of the new Member States , and on  the strength of promising   results fee
far obtained , to develop certain  aspects of the previously   adapted
programme .
 ---pagebreak---                                                         XII/3S 8/73-E
      PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION AMENDING THE DECISION OF
       Ik MAY 1973 ADOPTING A FIVE-YEAR RESEARCH AND TRAINING
      PROGRAMME OF THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENSRC-Y COMMUNITY IN THE
                 FIELD OF BIOLOGY AND HEALTH FEYSICS
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES , •
Having regard to the Treaty establi^ing the European Atomic Energy
Community , and in particular Article 7 thereof ;
Having regard to the Commission 's proposal concerning a programme about
which the Scientific an3 Technical Committee has been consulted ;      ?
Whereas the programme which is the subject of the Council. Decision of
^ May 1973 ' adopting a five-year research and training programme of
the European Atomic Energy Community in. the field of biology a.c.d health
physics should he adjusted on t the occasion of the? accession of new
Member States to the . Community ;
Whereas the proposal from the Commission constitutes an adequate adjustment
which would strengthen the existing Cemmunity 's potential in the field of
research on nuclear methods and techniques applicable to medical and
agricultural research , and whereas the exploitation of this potential
presents great interest in this area ;
Whereas this proposal ensures the continuity vfcich is necessary for bio­
logical research ;
Whereas it is in the common interest to amend the decision of 1 ^ May 1973
with a view to ensuring the active participation of the laboratories ©f
the enlarged Community countries in research work ;
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
10J N° L 153 , 9 June 1973 , p. 15 .
 ---pagebreak---                                                      ΧΙΤ/368/73-Ξ
                              Article 1
The programme set out in the Annex to the decision of     i -iay 1973 shall x
be replaced by the programme annexed to this decision .
                              Article 2
Article 2 of the decision of 1*f May 1973 shall be replaced by the
following :
"The upper limit for expenditure commitments and for staff necessary
 for the implementation of this programme shall be 18 886 million units
 of account and 97 community servants in the case of the Radiation
 protection sector and 7 ^ 10 million units of account and 10 Community
 servants in the case of the Applications sector , the unit of account
 being defined in the Financial Regulation concerning the establishment
 and implementation of the budget of the European Communities and the
 responsibility of the authorizing and accounting officers ".
                                           \
 ---pagebreak---                                                        XII/3S3/73-E
                                   ANNEX
                      " BIOLOGY AND HEALTH PHYSICS "
                                 PROGRAMME
" Eadii.tion protecticn " sector
An amount of 18 886 million units of account shall be allocated to this
objective and the upper limit for staff shall be fixed at 97 servants .
The aim of the work is to acquire and promote the scientific and technical
knowledge necessary for determining permissible levels of radiation in man
and contamination of the environment , for keeping such knowledge up to date
and for improving the practical organization of radiation protection by the
Menber States .
This aim also includes studies of radioactive contaminants , with parti­
cular reference to the path which they follow in man and the environment ,
on the effects of radiation on living matter and on dosimetric methods
and instruments .                                                 , •
This research will be carried out mainly under contracts of association
or similar contracts and partly by the "Biology" Group set up at the
Ispra Establishment .
" Application " sector
( a ) Definition of programme
      An amount of 7 410 million units of account shall fee allocated to the
      objective , and the upper limit for staff shall be 10 Community servants
      The aim of the work consists in the development of nuclear techniques
      and the application of nuclear methods with a view to their use in
      agricultural and medical research .
      The work will be carried out under contracts of association or similar
      contracts .
 ---pagebreak---                                                               XII/36 8/73-E
                                                              ANNSX 1
                    " S UPPLEM ENT ARY PPOGBA^ME " APPLICATIONS "
Outline of " Applications of nuclear techniques to . agricultural research "
1 . Gr*)UT) of contracts in the field of radioentomoloa-y
    1.1 .   Johannes Gufcenberg University » Mainz , Gernany
            Institute of Genetics ( Prof. H. Laven )
            development of genetic systems ( semi-sterility chromosome
            translocations ) for control of insect pests .-
                                                         ,                  .»
    1.2 .   Eavarian Institute for Soils ,. Plants and Plant Pathology Munich
            ( Dr. A. Haisch )
            Control of the cherry fruit fly with the use of dsmlrant lethal
            factors
            - Laboratory and mass breeding of the cherry fruit fly
            - Ecology and sterilisation of the cherry fruit fly .
    1.3 * Institute for Plant pathological research ( IPO ), Wageningen
            The Netherlands ( Dr. J. Ticheler ) •          '
            Control of the onion fly ; fcy the sterile-male technique and
            the translocation technique ( including field tests )
    1.4 .   ComJ.ta.to Nazionale' per l' Energia Nucleare , Reme , Italy
            Laboratory for Agricultural Applications ( Prof. A. Eosszini )
            ricj.og5.cal control ef the Mediterranean- fruit fly "by the
            sterile-male technique and field-scale experiment on Procida
            island ,
    1 >5*   University of Paidova , Italy .
            Institute for Agricultural Entomology ( Pref . S. Zangheri )
            Met h ods and techniques for mass breeding of the olive fly and
            of other insect pests ( bacterial symbiosis , nutritive media ,
            population dynamics ).
 ---pagebreak---                                            i-2 –                XII/36 8/73-E
                                                                Annex 1
 N»B . ( a ) Prof. R. Cavalloro ( Biology Group of the Commission at lepra )
         I
               works xn close cooperation with the University of Padova on
               some particular radiobiological problems of the olive fly and
               the Mediterranean fruit fly . -    .
        (b ) The radioentqmology projects of ITAL ( see under point £ )
               are included in the same programme as the above group of
               contracts .
• Gro^p of contracts in the field of plant, cell culture
  2.1 a University of Pisa * Italy
           Institute of Genetics ( Prof. F. S'Amato )
           Cytology and genetics of pj.p-.nt tissue an'! cells grown in vltrw
           ( differentiation and deaif ferentiation , production of protoplasts
           and of haploids ).
  2.2 , Gomitata Nazionale per l' Energìa Nucleare . Rome . Italy
          Latoratery for agricultural applications ( Prof. A. Bozzini )
           Applications of in vitre cultures of higher plant cells to
           radiobiologi cal and mutagenetic research ( self-incompatibility
           problems , modifications at the macromolecular level , genetic
           studies on isogenic lines of tobacco ).
  2*3 « Gesellschaft für Strahlen-und Umweltforschung , Munich , Germany
          Department of Plant Genetics ( Prof . H. Gaul )
           Production and utilizatian of haploids , in barley , maize and potato
  2.4 . Free University of Berlin , "'Germany
           Institute of Plant Physislogy ( Prof. J. Reinert )
          Growth anj differentiation of "giant cells and tissue grown in vitro
           ( production of haplcid , protoplasts and fusion ).
 ---pagebreak---                                     -3-                               XII/36 8/73-E
                                                                      Annex 1
Association EUR/.TOM^-ITAL , Wag"ninflen . the Netherlands ( Dr.                           D-q ".-seuw )
- Movnant of sel ecte d sv.bstancos and ele:~*?nts In soils
   ( ionic composition . of the soil solution ,; transport of soil moisture ,
  behaviour of phc3x>hate and mercury , denitrification and N-fixation ) .
- Uptake , transport and accumulation .of elements . ic.' plants
  •rAiwufcuq–fcn–wn– iwwmw*–                      im mi am ■■ ■■ ––a n n'nurtB ii n umtsa»
   ( ion uptake by roots from diluted solutions , kinetics of ion uptake ,
  uptake and release of ions by subcellular structures , localisation
  in plant tissue ).
- Mutaiion breeding , incompatibility 3, rautagenssis
   ( nutation breeding by the adventitious bud technique , biochemical
  and genetic aspects of self«=inco;npat±b:i.lity ) .
- F~od irradiation
   ( radioresist&nce of microorganisms and stores , metabolism of bacteria ,
      1
  radiation.-and heat effects on enzymes ).
" Genetic control of insect pasta
  ( Adoxophyes orana ,       Tetranychus urticad - &nd Hylemia gntiqua ).
  Instrument research arid methodology development is also carried out
  at IT'AL ( semi-conductor assemblies , microautoradiography methods ,
  instrumentation for ion uptake kinetics study ).
Suhco rs trexctn of the SURATOM-I'rAI. : Association
4.1 « Gesellschaft für Strahlen-und Umwelt forschung , Munich , Germ&ny
        Department of Plant Genetics ( Prof. H. Gaul )                                                  *
        Production and selection of barley -with a vertical and horizontal
        resistance against mildew ,
                                                -with an increased protein
        quantity and improved protein quality .
 ---pagebreak---                                                               XII/363/73-E
                                                              Anixzs. 1
H > 2 „ University 01 Bonn , Germany
        Institute of Genetics ( Prof. W. Gottscbalk )
        Physiological and biochemical genetics of Pisura sativum
        ( particularly seed pretein and balance control mechanisms ).
*K3 » Catholic University of Nijmegen , the Netherlands
        Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences , Laboratory of Botany
        ( Prcf . H.F. Linskens )
        Biochenlatry of styles and pollen of incompatible plants .
*f »^. Agricultural University , Wageningen ; the Netherlands
        Institute of Plant breeding ( Prof. J. Sneep )
        Sporophytic incompatibility , radiation induction of disease resistance
        in wheat and barley .
        Comitato T' azionale per l' Energia Nucleare , Rome , Italy
        Laboratory of Agricultural Applications ( Eof . A. Bozzini )
        Genetic and biochemical studies of sel f-incoapatibili f-.y , ( work performed
        partly at I'TAL and partly at La C&saccia ), study of induced and
        spontaneous mutations for disease resistance in tomato and hard wheat .
4-»6 . University of Bari , Italy.         .. ,     •
        Institute of Plant Breeding ( Pr^f . G.T. Scarascia-Mugnoaza )
        Induction of mutations for diseaca resistance in commercial varieties
        of Pisum sativum .
^« 7 . Istituto Sperimentalo per la Cerealicoltura , Rome , Italy ( Prof . A.
        Bianchi )
        Qualitative improvement of plant prot-oin with special reference to
        opaque maize .
M-oO . University of Modena , Italy
        Institute of General Pathology ( Prof. E. Carafoli )
        Uptake nnd release of j ens by mitochondria *
 ---pagebreak---                                        1-5-                 Xï 1/36 8/73- E
                                                            Annex 1
 ^« 9 - Gesellschaft für Sirahlen-und Umwelt forschung » Mu.nich , Germäny
        Institute of Radiation Bot&ny . Hannover ( Dr . W. Kühn )
        Measurement of plant- nass in field conditions , detoction of tree
        diseases in situ , moisture measureme nt' in thin soil layers .
^• 10 . University of Strasbourg , France .
        Laboratory of Radiation Eiophysics and Methodology ( Dr. S » Hechenmann )
        Development of high-efficiency and high-resolution ionopraphic
        methods , and tiieir application to autoradiographic prebl-sms * '
 ---pagebreak---                                         "•6-                XII/368/73-E
                                                            Ann*?r 1
Out .l3 .ae of " Applications of nuclear techniques to medical research "
1 . University o£ Ulm . Germany
    Nuclear Medicine Section ( Prof * W.E. Adam )
    Development of a non-traumatizing technique for the analysis of
     cardiac kinotics *                                  -
2 » University of Pisa , School of Nuclear Medicine ( Prof. L. Donato )
    - Development of radio^lnuiunological me-chods of measuripg the
         proteic and non-proteic constituents of plasma .
    - Development and use of short~liv?d isotopes for the quantitative
         analysis of the lung and kidney functions , and of coronary circulations,
5 . Gesellschaft für Strahlen-und Umweltforschung , Munich , Germany
    Institute of Hematology , and Department of Immunology ( Dr. S. Thierfelde*
                        1M
    - Control with       " I-TgG of the persistance of tolerance to antilymphocytfe
         globulin ( ALG ) in patients treated with ALG .
    - Kinetics find clinical effects of blood cell s isolated by NCI-IBM cel l
         gecaratcr and stored by cryobiological methods .
    - Regulation and disturbances of hemoglobin metabolism in man .
    Grcup-ontract on tvDosimetry-Neutron ther&py" with following establish­
    ments :
    - Gesellschaft fv.r Str.ahlen-und Umwelt forschung , Munich
         Institut für Strahlens chuts ( Dr . Bürger ).
    - Gesellschaft für Strahlen-und Umwelt forschung , Munich
         Abteilung f'dr Biophysikalische Strahlenforschung ( Prüf . Pohlit )
    » M.R»C . Hammersmith Hospital . London (Dr * Bewley ).
    - T.N.O. RadiobiologicsJ. Institute » Rijswijk (Dr . Broerse )»
 ---pagebreak---                                   -7                   XTI/368/73-E
                                                       Anne* 1
- International Comsissica fcr Radiation Units and Measurements
  ( I.C.B.U. ).
In relation with fast neutron therapy :
- preparation and implementation of dose comparisons , and development
  of methods for measurement of absorbed doses and neutron spectra®
 ---pagebreak---                                                         X.II/368/73-E
                                                        ANNEX 2   ■
                       ' PLANT CFJX CULTURE AND USE                 "■   ' ;
In vitro plant cell culture , particularly of haploid cells , opons a
range of new prospects for the investigation of fundamental genetic
mechanisms and for the breeding of improved varieties . But the possi­
bilities offered by this technique cannot be exploited without knowledge
of a series of paraiseiers which determine the development of the celi-
ticcue-plant sequence , affect the ploidy level and influence its stabili
ana induce differentiation end dedif forentiation .
The programme currently under way in German and Italian laboratories
includes the following research subjects J
~ haploid production from anthers and from haploid calluses ,
« biocheaical and moleculaz* aspects of cell differentiation in vitro ,
- study, on a macromolecular level , of changes induced in tissues of
  various plants by in vitro culture ,
- genetic study of isogenic lines and application of mutagenic treatment
  to microspores of diploid isogenic lines ,
» use of cell culture in the study of self-incompatibility ,
- production of protoplasts and their somatic fusion .
By rxplolflr.,~ the potential of laboratory*   in th ? countries not vet
parri.cipati-jg in this proprramae it would be possible to study mora
thoroughly some cf the subjects already being tackled , and to complete
the programme with original lines of approach * As main example a *
- detailed study of the physiological ar.d genetic conditions necessary
  for triggering androgenesis and the development of ertsbryoids ,
- production of hap.loids through interspecific crosses ,
- production and use of isogenic lines ,
 ---pagebreak---                                   •2~                XII/368/73-E
                                                     ANNEX 2
- production of protoplasts and somatic hybridization from somatic
  ceils and pollen tetrads .
By coordinating the research done in the European laboratories which are
working on these subjects it vould be possible to form an original group ,
large enough to tackle the problems and prospects of plant cell culture
in a decisive manner .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                                                 ΧΙΙ /363/73--Έ
                                                                                                                                ANIIEX 3
                                  INCOMPATIBILITY IN 'HIGHER PLANTS X
                                           ^ - –  lnw         fWM–»« P–                          ––                     »•
 Incompatibility Can-1 compatibility ) in a plant lis reflected in i£a
 incapacity ( or capacity ) for self-fertilization * ■■»Cont£ol .of 'this                                                                                     \
 feature and . of the nschanismg involved is very important both for
 understanding the genetic structure of the species and - for ." exploiting
it in practice for breeding purposes .                                                Experimental ind'Uflitxon ; of self-
 compatibility is also needed in many allogamous species, for honozygotic
 selection of interesting combinations of dominant and recessive charac­
 teristics . . Furthermore , the" c'ontrcf^syid ^ if appropriate , the introduction
 of eslf-incompatibility in cert'afity crqps , is essential " for " large scale
production of hybrid plants with . a - Ligli degree of heterosis .
                                                                               ~\'0 "        '    . •        '•
                                                                                                    t                        «
                                                                                                  *       »              '
                                                            Λ    .» ·       #«    1        ·    1       '        / «Ι '     ...                 ' '■ «
Pese&rch csurrentdLy under way in the Community pt"okra.fflme concerns both
>i iwhii ■ >wil»«iiii–h   mi Ifann–i ■               illnia ■■■■■ – i»wiim mhiih                      i    i BiwJt i            <-na»
the fundamental and the practical aspects of incompatibility *
Different approaches are being used for analysing the mechanism of
incompatibility :
   • •/                 %                        • ; V                              .                          .           .             ' !           . 'é
                                   ' if.-.                            1
                                                                        '' .    a      ^ ^                                             -
• biochemical : study of in yitro synthesis of S-proteins , role of
      sugars in the specifity of <S - glycoproteins . analysis of radiation-
     induced inhibition of self ^incompatibility and .of the competitive-'
      effect in diploid or digenic pollen , elaboration of a biochemical ,"
     mo£el of self-in'com*patibility . . •, -
                                                                        ■ ···.·                '                                      ;.· ' ··"' ' "* 0
- cytologxcal : identification of the chromosome bearing the incompa­
      tibility S locv.3 and study of the role of the nucleolar organized in
      the expression of self-incompatibility .
                                                                                                                                                            /
- physical : electron microscopy study of the ultrastructure of the
     incompatibility reaction .
Work on the exploitation of incompatibility in breeding and mutagenesis
covers ?
- induction , analysis and exploitation of self-compatibility in.
      allogamous lines ,
 ---pagebreak---                                    -2-                  XI 1/36 8/73-E
                                                        ANNEX 3
- development , analysis and exploitation of interspecific hybrids
  between self-»coaipatible lines and wild self-incompatible related lines ,
- early detection , for breeding purposes , of different S-genotypes ,
- analysis , for mutation breeding purposes , of the mutation spectra at
  the S-locus and , where appropriate , identification of the rare mutagenic
  circumstances leading to true intragenic constructive mutations
  ( generation of new S-apecificities ) .
  Research , in the new Member State s , follows certain lines which provide
  a good complement to those described above .    Among them :
- biochemical and physiological malysis of self-incorapatibility in
  sporophytic systems , and electron microscopy studies ,
- production of self-incompatible strains in normally self-compatible
  cereal grains ,
- research on the generation of new alleles at the S-locus of self-
  incompatible strains submitted to obligate inbreeding ,
- use of the S-systera for producing hybrid seed , interspecific hybri­
  dization , and selection for self-compatibility .
It should be emphasized that a . great deal of this work is carried out on
sporophytic systems or on multi-loci mechanisms , while the present
Community programme deals mainly with monofactorial gametophytic species .
Complementarity is thus quite obvious .
 ---pagebreak---                                                            XII/368/73-E
                                                           ANNEX k   -
                 OPTIMI ZAT'T ON OF CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
The development of agriculture and cultivation practices in cur countries
will be increasingly influenced by economic planning at Community level
which tries to extrapolate into the future the aspirations and trends of
to-day 's society . Among these , the reduction of agricultural manpower ,
better preservation of natural resources and rationalization of their
use are liable to influence future cultivation techniques directly . But
these cannot be rationalized and adapted to future trends without a
through knowledge of the interactions between the components of the
artificial ecosystems of modern agriculture .
Without denying the need to diversify cultivation techniques according to
regional t ecological , economic or sociological conditions , it seems that
considerable ift teres t has been aroused by the results obtained so far by a
series of progressive techniques and methods known as ''reduced tillage "*
Experiments already carried out in Community countries and elsewhere have
demonstrated that in' certain conditions yields obtained by reduced tillage
are comparable to those obtained by traditional methods ? and that , in the
long run , an improvement of "soil structure and better utilisation of its
water and nutrient content can be expected . Nevertheless , it is certain
that further research is needed to determine more precisely thf optimum
conditions of , reduced tillage ."
The renin problems to be studied in various soil typos and various
Climates are :                      \
- influence of reduced tillage on' the main physical' and chemical soil '
  parameters ;, structure and evolution of compactness ," water behaviour ,
  aeration , fertilizer -mainly Nitrogen - behaviour and utilization , ; ..
  organic matter ;
- root growth under reduced tillage , roct distribution in profiles , r
  physiological activity , root -shoot-yield relations , reactions to;j
  various stresses .                                           r - <
 ---pagebreak---                                    ~c""                 XXI/3? 8/73- E
                                                        ANHFX 4
- microflora activity and earthworm population patterns ,
- adaptation of herbicide use to conditions prevailing undor reduced
  cultivation .
- dxsposal of crop residue ,
- crop rotations ,
» development of better adapted machinery and techniques .
Research along these lines requires a multidiscipl5..nary approach involving
soil physicists , agricultural chemists , physiologists , plant pathologists „
geneticists and agricultural engineers .
By its nature , this research will have to be carried out on different leve
but all directed toward the same general target . The building of models ,
to complete existing ones , must be aimed at mastering the complex interact
between climate and soil conditions , and plant growth . Experiments in
controlled and serai-artificial conditions must quantify the parameters whi
determine climate - soil - plant relations } long-term field experiments in
varied and representative soils must compare evolution of soils , plant
populations and yields in traditional and reduced cultivation conditions .
Institutes already participating in the Community programme have a varied
range of scientific skills and technical facilities which could be used ia
a research effort such as that described above .
In cooperation with " other Institutes , the Commission proposes to establish,
a coherent research programme :
- to determine the conditions of application of reduced tillage technique-
  to meet the . requirements of tomorrow 's agricultural economy ,
- to use advanced methods and techniques in a multidisciplinary approach ,
- to concentrate on the planning and implementation of experiments in
  controlled conditions and in the field , in a broad range of soils and
  climates , end to study the effects of reduced cultivation on the chemici;
  and physical conditions of the soil , on root development , and on yields o
 ---pagebreak---                                                        ZIl/^6d/75-E
                                                       ANNEX 5
                           FAST NEUTRO*! T 'ERIPY
A growing number of radiotherapy units are interested in the fundamental
and practical aspects cf the use of fast neutrons in clinical radiotherapy .
First results provide strong evidence of the usefulness of this treatment .
But rapid progress in the evaluation of its possible advantages is hampered
by the limited number of cases available in the beginning which are
suitable for neutron treatment .   Close cpoperation between the different
centres using this therapy is therefore very desirable . The Cowrciseion
proposes therefore to extend its action on neutron dosimetry and inter-
comparison towards the evaluation of basic radiobiological and clinical
aspects of fast neutron therapy .
In order to enable the evaluation of possible advantages within a
reasonable period of tine and to prevent waste of time and money in
all countries involved , a European cooperation on fast neutron radio­
therapy has been established under the sponsorship of the European
Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer ( EORTC ).  Ten centres
participate in this project on the clinical application of fast neutrons .
The Commission proposes to support the following aspectss
a ) As a support for the basic aspects of the clinical programme , acute
    and late effects of fast neutron treatments will be investigated'
    with various biological systems .
b ) Exchange of various types of biological systems , including tumors ,
    which can be employed as biological dosimeters to evaluate the
    qualitative and quantitative differences of the various neutron
    beams to be employed .
c ) Classification of the types of human tumors which are expected to
    be suitable for neutron radiotherapy .
 ---pagebreak---                                    r 2 -               XII/7'G3/7 5-E
                                                       ANNÏÏX 5
' d) Evaluation of the treatment schedules to be applied .
  e) Quantitative assessment of responses of normal tissues and tumors
     in patients .
  f) Close cooperation on well-defined clinical trials of fast neutron
     radiotherapy .                                             •'
  g) In an additional project an intercomparison study will be con­
     tinued on the fast nfeutron dosimetry at the various institutes
     ( see Annex 6 ).
 ---pagebreak---                                                         XII/3Ô8/73-E
                                                        ANNEX 6
                 NETJTKON DOSIMETRY AND INTERCOMPARISON
One important prerequisite for comparisons of clinical results of
fast neutron radiotherapy is maximum knowledge about the physical
conditions of irradiation . Therefore the Commission supports since
197 ? a programme on neutron dosimetry and intercomparison .
Four institutes ( including an institute in the UK ) have been collabo­
rating under a group contract on certain research projects and are
preparing an intercomparison in the Community , based on experience
gained in an ICSU intercomparison .
The Commission proposes :
   to increase the number of institutes participating in the research
 . projects ,                    '
   to continue supporting the present ICRU intercomparison and the
   participation of a limited number of European institutes , in it ,
   to continue preparation of the European intercomparison which is
   open to all interested institutes in the Community .
The research projects are concerned with measurement of the biologically
effective neutron dose . They include :
   the investigation of dosimetric anil radiobiological problems ,
   calculation of the absorbed dose and neutron energy spectra
   inside biological matter ,
   the application of microdosimetric data and results for evaluation
   and elaboration of neutron irradiation conditions ,
    the use of various experimental techniques and neutron detectors ,
   including different types of biological dosimeters for neutron
   measurement ,
    the investigation of the relative biological effectiveness of
   neutron irradiation ,
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 2 -               XII/368/7VE
                                                     ANNEX b
   the examination of the possibilities of standardization of
\
   irradiation and measuring " techniques ,
   the examination of the possible role of heavy charged particles
   in therapy .
The ICKtT Intercomparison is taking place on a world scale , with the
participation of a limited number of European institutes working on
neutron radiobiology and neutron therapy .   The project is being
carried ou.t at the Brookhaven National Laboratory .
The Community-wide intercomparison of fast neutron dosimetry will be
carried out later on a larger scale .   All interested institutions will
be invited to participate .  The Radiobiological Institute TNO and the
Institut fiir Strahlenschutz GSF are prepared to offer their neutron
radiation facilities ( monoenergetic neutrons with energies between
100 keV and 15 MeV ) for this European Intercomparison Project whose
success depends on the experience gained in the first ICRU inter-
comparison .
The aim of the project is to compare the results of various labora­
tories and research groups performing fast neutron dosimetry and
using similar or different techniques in situations approximating
those generally encountered in radiotherapy and radiobiology .
Dosimetry ofycontamination will also be carried out .