CELEX: 51995PC0408
Language: en
Date: 1995-09-05
Title: Re-examined proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) on operations to promote tropical forests

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                    Brussels, 05.09.1995
                                    COM(95) 408 final - SYN 500
                Re-examined proposal for a
             COUNCIL REGULATION (EC)
      on operations to promote tropical forests
(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 189 c (d)
                    of the EC Treaty)
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                            EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
The scale of the threat to the tropical forests and the need for concerted international
action within an approach linking the environment and development have been stressed by
all Community institutions and were confirmed at the recent Rio Conference.
Against this background, action by the Community, complementing that of the Member
States, will help achieve the objectives pursued and mobilize the requisite resources.
This Regulation sets out the objectives and procedures for such action, which is aimed at
helping preserve tropical forests and manage them sustainably.
                                        A
 ---pagebreak--- Commission opinion on the amendments adopted by the European Parliament during the
second reading with regard to the Council's common position with a view to adopting a
Regulation on operations to promote tropical forests (00/0500(SYN)
On 15 June 1955 Parliament adopted 29 amendments.
1.     The Commission incorporated the following amendments in its revised position:
       No 2    (geographical area or climate zone)
       No 3    (development aid and trade instruments)
       No 6    (substantial resources for significant protection of tropical forests)
       No 7    (compromise A: amount of financial reference)
       No 9    (five-year reviews)
       No 10   (definition of tropical forests)
       No 11   (indigenous peoples)
       No 13   (qualitative and quantitative conservation)
       No 15   (sustainable management)
       No 17   (participation of forest peoples)
2      The Commission incorporated the following amendments, with certain minor
       changes to the wording:
       No 8 (setting-up of a permanent framework to encourage such activities and
               ensure consistency)
       No 18 (promotion of sustainable exploitation of tropical forests, mainly outside
               primary forests)
       No 22 (increased consultations rather than uniform position)
       No 29 (harmonized methods rather than criteria designed to ...)
       No 30 (funding guidelines)
       No 31 (evaluation)
       Parts of the following amendments were incorporated:
       No 20 (minus the reference to the consent of local people, which is already
               broadly covered by Amendment 17 incorporated into Article 4(1)
               providing for the participation of the forest peoples concerned)
       No 25 (compromise B: minus the rate of 60%, left out because absolutely all the
               operations funded must have the support of local people and the assistance
               of the local authorities)
       No 37 (minus the aspects relating to the introduction and implementation at
               Community level of a system for evaluating and monitoring certificates -
               see 3 below)
                                                l b io
 ---pagebreak--- The Commission is unable to include Amendment 28 (evaluation reports) which is
broadly covered by the provisions of Articles 12 and 14 or those concerning:
       trade issues, such as import restrictions or the introduction of a
       Community certification system (Amendments 1, 4, 5, 23)
       actions within the scope of the Commission's powers of initiative or
       organization (Amendments 23, 24, 27)
       subjects too general and broad to be implemented easily (Amendments 12,
        14, 19)
                                    -tc
 ---pagebreak---                                  Re-examined proposal for a
                              COUNCIL RROriT ATION Œ O
                      on operations to promote tropical forests
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
  Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular
  Articles 130s and 130w thereof,
 Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,1
 Acting in accordance with the procedure of Article 189c of the Treaty, 2
 Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,
 Whereas the Commission communication to the Council of 16 October 1989 on "The
conservation of tropical forests: the role of the Community"3 sets out broad guidelines
 for Community action in this sphere;
Whereas the resolution of the Council of Ministers for Development Cooperation of the
29 May 1990 on "Tropical forests: development aspects" established a basis for the use
of development instruments in tropical forest conservation;
Whereas the European Parliament has expressed, in many parliamentary resolutions,
concern over the destruction of tropical forests and the consequences for forest peoples;
Whereas the Dublin European Council of June 1990 called for a programme of action
to be drawn up to counteract the threat to tropical forests;
Whereas the Community and its Member States adopted the Rio Forest Principles, the
Agenda 21 action programme and the Conventions on Biological Diversity and Climate
Change;
Whereas the Community's operations to promote tropical forests form part of its
objectives on the conservation of forests, in whatever geographical area or climate zone
they may be situated;
1
       OJ N o C 78, 19.3.1993, p.8; OJ No C 201, 13.7.1994, p. 15
:
       Opinions of the European Parliament of 29 October 1993 (OJ No C 315,
       22.12.1993, p.644) and 15 June 1995 (OJ No . ., ... ).
3      OJ No C 2 6 4 ,     16.10.1994.
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas the Community intends to expand its actions to promote the conservation of
tropical forests in all appropriate ways, within the context, inter alia, of its
environment policy and of its new development cooperation policy, laid down in
Articles 130u to 130y of the Treaty, and using the relevant instruments of development
assistance and trade;
Whereas, by virtue of their special knowledge, the forest peoples play a key role in
managing the environment, in particular with regard to the conservation of tropical
forests;
Whereas the ecological and socio-economic conditions of tropical forests vary
according to regions and countries;
Whereas a Community action, complementing Member States' actions, will facilitate a
better realization of the objectives pursued;
Whereas existing financial instruments available to the Community for supporting the
conservation and sustainable development of forests could usefully be complemented;
Whereas a substantial commitment of resources is required to have a significant impact
on the protection of tropical forests;
Whereas provision should be made for funding the actions referred to in this
 Regulation;
Whereas an amount of ECU 250 million is proposed as a financial reference,
 illustrating the will of the legislative authority, for the implementation of the actions
covered by this Regulation for an initial five-year period (1995 to 1999), in so far as
this financial reference is consistent with the Financial Perspective ceilings in heading
4;
Whereas it is therefore necessary to set up a properly thought-out permanent
 framework in order to encourage these actions and to guarantee a cohesive policy;
 Whereas the Council and the European Parliament will consider, every five years, the
 mechanisms for funding of operations to promote tropical forests, taking account of the
 provisions of the ACP-EEC Convention in force and the framework regulation
concerning cooperation with developing countries in Asia and Latin America;
 Whereas rules for implementation, and in particular the form of action, the recipients
 of the aid, and decision procedures should be laid down,
 ---pagebreak---                         HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
                                         Article 1
The Community shall support actions to promote the conservation and the sustainable
management of tropical forests and the associated biological diversity in accordance
with the criteria and procedures provided for in this Regulation.
                                         Article 2
For the purposes of this Regulation:
1.  "Tropical forests" shall be defined as those natural and semi-natural tropical or
    subtropical forest ecosystems, whether in an undisturbed (primary) or a disturbed
    (secondary) state, which are characterized by a predominance of trees, in both dry
    and humid areas. The areas concerned are those found within the tropics and
    subtropics delimited by the 30th northern and southern parallels.
2.  "Conservation" shall be considered to include all actions to preserve and
    rehabilitate tropical forests, and specifically those actions which are designed to
    protect or restore the biological diversity, including ecological functions, of the
    forest ecosystem in question and at the same time secure as far as possible its
    current and future utility value for mankind and in particular for forest peoples.
3.  "Sustainable forest management" is understood as the stewardship and use of
    forests and forest lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity,
    productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfil, now and in
    the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national,
    and global levels, without causing any damage to other ecosystems.
4.  "Sustainable development" shall be considered as the improvement of the quality
    of life and welfare of the relevant populations within the limits of the capacity of
    the ecosystems by maintaining natural assets and their biological diversity lor the
    benefit of present and future generations.
5.  "Forest peoples" shall be defined as indigenous peoples who inhabit the forest or
    claim it as their home and any people who live in or near the forest and have
    traditionally been directly and to a large extent dependent on the forest.
 ---pagebreak---                                          Article 3
   Pursuant to this Regulation, the Community shall provide financial support or
   technical expertise for actions which support and encourage the efforts o(
   developing countries and their regional organizations to conserve and sustainably
   manage their tropical forests, in the context of the sustainable development of
   those countries and regions.
o The recipients of aid and partners in cooperation may include not only states,
  regions and overseas countries and territories, but decentralized authorities, regional
  organizations, public agencies, local or traditional communities, private industries
  and operators, including cooperatives and non-governmental organizations and
  representative associations of forest peoples, which include the conservation of
  tropical forests among their stated objectives or regular activities.
   Special consideration shall be given to actions in support of the conservation of
    forests, as regards both quality and quantity, which are considered to be of
    importance for local effects such as the protection of watersheds and biotopes, the
   prevention of soil erosion and the restoration of degraded areas, and for global
   effects, such as climate change and loss of biological diversity.
                                         Article 4
   The priority given to specific actions will be determined according to the needs of
    each country as reflected in regional and national development and environment
    policies relating to forests and according to Community cooperation priorities.
    Particular consideration, however, shall be given to actions that promote the
    following:
    (a)   conservation of primary tropical forests and their biodiversity and
          regeneration of tropical forests which have been damaged, supported by
          analysis of the underlying causes of deforestation and taking into account
          differences between countries and regions and measures to address them;
    (b)   sustainable management of forests designated for the production of timber
          and other products, but excluding commercial logging operations in primary
          tropical forests, except those which are community-based, on a small scale,
          sustainable, environmentally sound and implementing sustainable forest
          management;
    (c)   the definition and development of certification systems, combined with
          independent assessment systems, for timber produced from tropical forests
          according to sustainable forest management principles as part of
          internationally harmonized certification systems envisaged for all kinds of
          timber and forest products;
 ---pagebreak---    (d)   provision of prior information to forest peoples, followed by their
         participation in and support for the identification, planning and
         implementation of actions;
   (e)   capacity-building to address the needs for training schemes for local
         populations, forest managers and researchers, for legislation, for increased
         political and social support and institutional strengthening and for
         organizations and associations active in forest conservation
   (0    a strategic and adaptive research policy aimed at supplying the knowledge
         required for the conservation and sustainable management of forests and also
         for the implementation of research monitoring activities in the framework of
         projects and programmes;
   (g)   development of buffer zones to assist the conservation or regeneration of
         tropical forests, as part of a broader land utilization plan;
   (h)   development and implementation of forest management plans aimed at
         conserving tropical forests and promoting sustainable exploitation of timber
         and other forest products, mainly outside primary forests.
2. The Community shall require actions carried out pursuant to this Regulation to be
   preceded by reports on their ecological, social, economic and cultural impact, with
   specific qualitative or quantitative objectives. Where applicable, these actions shall
   be evaluated with the participation of local people.
   The above shall also apply to evaluations of the actions carried out, for which
   purposes specific indicators shall be given in the reference conditions for the action
   which is to be supported. The indicators shall be both quantitative and qualitative.
3. The Community shall, in respect of the various Community policy areas which
   have a potential direct impact on the conservation of tropical forests, develop and
   apply the instruments required to prevent the policy pursued or planned from
   having a negative impact and, where possible, to contribute to the conservation of
   tropical forests.
4. Actions carried out pursuant to this Regulation shall be coordinated with, and may
   provide support for, national and international programmes and actions concerned
   with conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests, such as the
   Tropical Forest Action Plan and the International Tropical Timber Organisation,
   provided these programmes and actions are in accordance with the principles and
   objectives laid down in this Regulation.
5. Wherever possible, operations shall be carried out within the framework of
   regional organizations and international programmes of cooperation in the context
   of increased consultations with a view to contributing to the formulation, at
   international level, of a global policy on the conservation of forests.
 ---pagebreak---                                           Article 5
Cofinancing with Member States, or with multilateral, regional or other organizations
shall be sought through greater coordination. As far as possible, the Community nature
of the aid shall be maintained.
                                          Article 6
Community funding shall be in the form of non-reimbursable grants.
                                          Article 7
1.    Community funding of the actions- referred to in Article 3 shall cover an initial
      five-year period (1995 to 1999). The financial reference, illustrating the will of
      the legislative authority, for Community funding for the implementation of these
      actions during this period shall be ECU 250 million.
2.    The budget authority shall determine the appropriations available for each
      financial year, account being taken of the principles of sound financial
      management referred to in Article 2 of the Financial Regulation applicable to the
      general budget of the European Communities.
                                          Article 8
1.    Financial and technical assistance may cover all foreign currency costs and local
      costs for carrying out projects and programmes, including, whenever necessary,
      integrated programmes and sectoral projects.
2.    Maintenance and operating expenses for economic cooperation operations, training
      and research programmes and development projects and programmes may, in
      particular, be covered. However, except for training and research programmes,
      such expenses may be covered as a general rule only at the launching stage and in
      gradually decreasing amounts.
3.    Systematic efforts shall be made to seek contributions, particularly in financial
      form, from partners (countries, local communities, undertakings, individual
      recipients) as far as their means permit and according to the nature of each
      operation.
4.    The payment of taxes, duties and charges shall be excluded from Community
      financing.
 ---pagebreak---        Study costs and the short- and long-term use of experts to assist the recipients and
       the Commission in devising general policies, identifying and preparing operations
       and monitoring and evaluating them shall normally be covered by Community
       funds, either as part of the financing for individual operations or separately.
                                            Article 9
1.     Participation in invitations to tender and purchasing and other contracts shall be
      open on equal terms to all natural or legal persons of the Member States.
2.    With regard to financial and technical assistance, the participation referred to in
      paragraph 1 shall usually be extended to the recipient state, and may also be
      extended, case-by-case, to other developing countries.
3.     In exceptional cases which are duly justified, other countries of origin may be
      allowed for specific components.
                                           Article 10
Projects and programmes for which Community funding exceeds ECU 2 million in the
case of an ACP State and ECU 1 million in the case of an Asian or Latin American
country, as well as any substantial modifications which exceed 20% of the amount
initially agreed, shall be adopted according to the procedure laid down in Article 11(2).
                                           Article 11
 1. The Commission shall administer tropical forest cooperation activities.
2.    The Commission shall be assisted, as appropriate, by the Committee set up
      pursuant to Article 15 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 443/92 of 25 February
      1992 on financial and technical assistance to, and economic cooperation with, the
      developing countries in Asia and Latin America4 or by the Committee set up
      pursuant to Article 21 of the Internal Agreement on the financing and
      administration of Community aid under the Fourth ACP-EEC Convention.''
3.   The representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the
      measures to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within
      a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the
      matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 148(2)
      of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a
4     OJ No L 5 2 , 2 7 . 7 . 1 9 9 2 , p . l .
5     OJ No L 2 2 9 , 1 7 . 8 . 1 9 9 1 , p . 2 8 8 .
 ---pagebreak---     proposal from the Commission. The votes of the representatives of the Member
    States within the Committee shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article.
    The chairman shall not vote.
    The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if they are in accordance with
    the opinion of the Committee.
    If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the opinion of the
    Committee, or if no opinion is delivered, the Commission shall, without delay,
    submit to the Council a proposal relating to the measures to be taken. The Council
    shall act by a qualified majority.
    If, on the expiry of a period of one month, the Council has not acted, the proposed
    measures shall be adopted by the Commission.
                                        Article 12
The Commission shall submit to the European Parliament and the Council an annual
report with an assessment of the implementation of this Regulation. The report shall set
out the results of implementation of the budget as regards commitments and payments
and presenting the projects and programmes financed during the year. The report shall
contain, as far as possible, information on the funds committed at national level during
the same financial year. It shall also contain specific, detailed information
(undertakings, nationality, etc.) on the contracts awarded for the implementation of the
projects and programmes.
Regular evaluation reports shall be submitted to the Committee mentioned in Article
                                        Article 13
This Regulation shall be implemented under an approach coherent with the general
principles laid down in Council Regulation (EEC) No 443/92 and in the current ACP-
EEC Convention and under common criteria at all stages of the project cycle from
identification to evaluation, according to harmonized methods.
Funding guidelines shall be published for organizations which intend to submit project
proposals under this Regulation; the guidelines will specify the criteria for the
selection and evaluation of projects.
                                         Article 14
This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the
Official Journal of the European Communities.
 ---pagebreak--- It shall apply until 31 December 1999.
In 1997 the Commission will present to the Council and Parliament an overall
evaluation of the actions funded by the Community in the field of tropical forests
accompanied by a proposal extending or revising this Regulation.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member
States.
Done at Brussels ...
                                          10
 ---pagebreak---                        FINANCIAL STATEMENT
1 TITLE OF OPERATION
  Operations to promote tropical forests
2 BUDGET HEADING INVOLVED
  B7-5041
3 \A\Al\l; BASIS
        EC Treaty, Articles 130r and 130s (concerning the environment), and
        130u and 130w (concerning development).
        Council Regulation (EC) No .../95 of ... on operations to promote tropical
        forests (Commission proposal of 26 February 1993, OJ No C 78,
        19.3.1993, p.8 - and of 10 June 1994, OJ No C201, 23.7.1994, p.15.
        Common position adopted by the Council on 23 January 1995).
        Regulation scheduled for adoption by the Council in October 1995.
4 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
  4.1      General objective
           Tropical forests play a crucial environmental role both globally (in terms
           of biodiversity, climatic change etc.) and locally (in terms of the
           prevention of soil erosion etc.). These functions are, however,
           increasingly under threat from over-exploitation of these forests owing
           to a multitude of factors (including demographic growth, need for
           farmland, logging and the extraction of other resources).
           At the Rio Conference of June 1992, all participants committed
           themselves to the conservation and sustainable management of forests.
           Through operations funded under this budget heading, the Community
           encourages the developing countries, and in particular local
           communities, in their sustainable development efforts.
                                        A4
 ---pagebreak---   4.2      Period covered
           The Commission's revised proposal covers an initial period of five years
          (1995-99), in so far as this financial reference is consistent with the
          Financial Perspective ceilings in heading 4.
5 CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE
  5.1     Non-compulsory expenditure
  5.2     Differentiated appropriations
6 TYPE OF EXPENDITURE OR REVENUE
  Grant
  Systematic efforts will be made to seek contributions, particularly in financial
  form, from the beneficiaries. Cofinancing will also be sought from the Member
  States or multilateral, regional or other organizations; for example, the largest
  tropical forest programme, which concerns the Brazilian forests, is a
  multilateral programme coordinated by the World Bank and financed by the
  Community and various other donors, among them Germany, the UK, France,
  Japan and the USA.
  In exceptional cases, the grant may cover the entire cost of an operation.
  Interest subsidy
  None.
  Should the operation prove an economic success, is there provision for all or
  part of the Community contribution to be reimbursed?
  No.
7 FINANCIAL IMPACT
  7.1     Method of calculating total cost of operation (definition of unit
          costs)
                                     ^12-
 ---pagebreak---               The volume of funding has been calculated on the basis of the needs
              identified and the principles of sound financial management, within the
              limits set by the budgetary authority; the cost of each project is
              calculated on a case-by-case basis following identification and appraisal.
              Personnel costs are calculated on the basis of unit prices; equipment,
              operating and travel costs are calculated according to real costs and paid
              on presentation of documentary proof.
      7.2     Itemised breakdown of cost
 Breakdown         1995        1996       1997     1998        1999         TOTAL
Projects        38          40         42          42          42           204
Instruments     12          10          8           8           8            46
TOTAL           50          50         50          50          50           250
         7.3 Indicative schedule of appropriations
                                                                   (FCU millions)
                            1995    1996     1997     1998    1999      TOTAL
Commitment                 50       50      50       50       50        250
appropriations
Payment
appropriations
         1995              30
         1996                       30
         1997                               50
         1998                                         50
 1999 and following                                           90
financial year           ^
TOTAL                      30       30      50        50      90        250
           8 FRAUD PREVENTION MEASURES; RESULTS OF MEASURES TAKEN
       There will be regular audits by the Court of Auditors and Financial Control.
       Technical audits will be conducted by Commission officials assisted by
       independent experts.
       The verification of grants or the receipt of the services, preparatory, feasibility
       and evaluation studies ordered is performed by Commission officials before
       payment, taking account of the contractual obligations and the principles of
       value for money and sound financial or general management.                  Fraud
       prevention measures (auditing, reporting etc.) are written into agreements or
       contracts concluded between the Commission and recipients of payment.
                                           -H3
 ---pagebreak--- 9 ELEMENTS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
        91       Specific and quantified objectives ;
                 target population
          Specific objectives: relationship to the general objective
         The conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests
         involve measures to enhance operational capacities, training,
         research etc. Conducted in close liaison with the relevant national
         and local authorities, these operations take the form of practical
         projects and the development of instruments designed to promote
        conservation and sustainable management (e.g. certification of
         tropical timber).
        The priorities are:
        -  sustainable methods of forest management;
        -  design and application of timber certification systems;
        -  actively involving the local population;
        -  capacity building (training, legislation, institutions etc.);
        -  application of research results;
        -  the introduction of buffer zones and management plans.
        Target population
        The operations directly target communities living in and around
        forests. The direct beneficiaries include not only central and
        regional government but local authorities, regional organizations,
        government agencies, local or traditional communities and
        NGOs.
          9.2     (.rounds for the operation
        Need for Community financial aid
        Supplementing measures by the Member States, Community
        financial aid will help counter the threat to the tropical forests by
        supporting aid operations in support of efforts by the developing
        countries.
        Choice of ways and means
        (a) This Regulation is a vital component of the strategy on
        tropical forests (which also includes the development of trade
        incentives, investment promotion and technology transfers).
                              Ai\
 ---pagebreak--- (b) The operations are consistent with the ALA developing
countries' development programmes and the provisions of the
Lomé Convention.
(c) Apart from specific measures concerning tropical forests, the
aid operations in question are intended to act as a catalyst, in
particular through the development of pilot and demonstration
projects.
Main factors of uncertainty which could affect the specific results
of the operation
The chief factor is the late recognition of the need to conserve
tropical forests and the developing countries' lack of operational
resources.
                                                                iV
  <).3     Monitoring and evaluation of the operation
 Performance indicators selected
The principal indicators used concern:
 - the surface area of the tropical forests concerned
 - the establishment of conservation areas
 - the drafting and implementation of management plans and
 operational capacities
 - grassroots participation
 - consistency with local, national and international measures.
 Details and frequency of planned evaluations
 Operations are monitored by the Commission in close liaison with
 the external delegations by means of:
 -  regular reports;
 -  field visits;
 -  mid-term evaluations in the case of some pilot projects;
 -  ex-post evaluation reports on representative projects.
 Assessment of the results obtained
 The proposed Regulation provides for the Commission to submit
 an annual report on its implementation. The Commission has
 also undertaken to provide the Council, by the end of this year,
 with a report on the operations financed under heading B7-5041
  in the period 1992-95 and, by the end of 1997, with an evaluation
 of all operating concerning tropical forests.
                       AC
 ---pagebreak---     10     ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE
The administrative resources needed will be allocated by the Commission in its
annual decision on the allocation of resources, taking particular account of the
increases in staffing and funding approved by the budgetary authority.
                           10.1                  Impact on staffing
                  The requisite officials will be drawn from the current staff of
                   Directorates-General I and VIII.
         Types of job             Staff assigned to the               Of whom          Duration
                                  operation's administration
                                  Permanent       Temporary  From          From
                                                             existing      recourse to
                                                             resources     additional
                                                             of DG or      resources
                                                             service
                                                             concerned
         Officials or    A        2                1         3                         5 years
         temporary       B
         staff          C
         Other resources
         Total                    2                1         3
                           10.2  Overall financial impact of increase in staffing
                   Not applicable
                           10.3 Increase in other operating costs as a result
                                of the operation
                   The costs for the initial five-year period total ECU 215 200 and
                   will be covered from current resources. This sum consists of
                   ECU 180 000 in mission expenses under Article A/130
                   (ECU 12 000 a year per A official/temporary agent) and
                   ECU 32 500 in meeting expenses under Article A/250 (2
                   meetings of 4 experts per year at a cost of ECU 880 per expert
                   per meeting).
                                            AG
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                                                    ISSN 0254-1475
                                                             COM(95) 408 final
                                              DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                        14 11
                                     Catalogue number : CB-CO-95-447-EN-C
                                                              ISBN 92-77-92870-0
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