CELEX: 51978PC0014
Language: en
Date: 1978-01-25
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ADOPTING A EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY CONCERTED ACTION IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS (Presented by the Commission to the Council)

ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (78) 14
Vol. 1978/0004
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 ---pagebreak---         COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                                    COM(78)14 final.
                                                             Brussels , 25 January 1978 ,
                                             •••
                                              x'            V
                                   PROPOS
                                        FOR A
                           COUNCIL        DECISION
                        ADOPTING A EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
                           CONCERTED           ACTION
                                    IN THE FIELD OF
                PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
                     ( Presented by the Commission to the Council )
CQK(78 ) 14 final .
 ---pagebreak---                                  SHORT SUMMARY
  The proposal for a Concerted Action in the field of Physico-Chemical
  Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants aims at supplying knowledge
  necessary for the implementation of the Action Programme of the
  European Communities for the Environment . It is complementary to the
  Communities' Environmental Research Programme ( Indirect Action ). With
  regard to the research content , the programme is a follow-up and
  extension of COST Project 61 a .
 It fs proposed to execute research in the following fields :
 1 ) Studies of the conversion and transport of atmospheric
       pollutants
       a)  laboratory studies
       b)  field studies
       c)  modelling
 2)   Studies on deposition and absorption of atmospheric pollutants
The programme is implemented for a 4 year-period starting in 1978
( date of publication of the decision ).                              '
Inn nnn1mum ^^ nanci' a '' contribution of the Community is evaluated at
 ---pagebreak---                                    2                        XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
                            TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.   Introduction                       1                           Page    3
2.   Definition of the Problem                                      Page    4
3.   State of the Knowledge and Results of COST
                                         Project 61a                Page    5
4.   Content of the Programme                                       Page    7
5.   Duration                                                       Page    9
6.   Implementation of the programme                                Page    9
7.   Dissemination of Knowledge                                     Page    9
8.   Financial Volume and Staff                                     Page 10
Annex I                 Opinion of the Advisory Committee           Page 11
                >       on Programme Management for Environ- '
                        mental Research on the Commission s
                        Proposal for a Concerted Action in
                        the field o.f Physico-chemical Beha­
                        viour of Atmospheric Pollutants .
                    i •
Annex II  -        • Draft Council Decision adopting a              Page 12
                        European Economic Community Concerted
                        Action in the field of Physico-chemical
                    . Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants
        1
                        Annex A to Annex II ;                  vi - Page 17
                        List of National Research Projects
                  . Annex B to Annex II ;      -               ,■   Page 18
                        Terms of reference and composition
                        of the Concerted Action Committee
 ---pagebreak---                                       3                      XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
1)  Introduction
    Tht scope of the present proposal for a concerted action on " Physico­
    chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants" Is to co-ordinate the
    relevant research going on or planned 1n this field / 1n the spirit of
    the Council resolution of 14 January 1974 on an Initial outline pro­
    gramme of the European Communities 1n the field of science and tech­
    nology . The association of Interested European Non-Member States 1s en-
    vlssged . The Commission intends to Introduce 1n the concerted action
   the relevant research executed 1n the Joint Research Centre .
     The programme , which will be Implemented as a ooncerted action , 1s a
     further development and extension of research carried out within COST
     Projeot 61 a " Physlco-Chemlcal Behaviour of SO , 1n the Atmosphere",
     1972-1976. It 1s olosely linked to the 2nd Environmental
     Research Programme adopted by the Counoll 1n Its deo1s1on of 15 March
     1976 .
    The results of theresearoh will provide a scientific basis for a
    better understanding of the Impaot of human activities on the atmo­
   sphere and their oonsequensei for the aquatic and terrestrial environ­
    ment .
    The proposed research 1s 1n direct relationship to the Community 's
   Action Programme on the Environment , laid down 1n the Counoll reso-
    Lut 1 on of 17 May 1977 , 1n particular to Title XIj Chapter 3 "Atmo-
    sperls Pollution", to a certain . extent also to many of the other
    ohapters ( e.g. protection of flora end fauna ). The expeoted results
    will contribute to the basic Information necessary for the evaluation
   of effects of air pollution onnhuman health and the environment . They
   will also shed Uoht on some aspects of loni range transport of air
   pollutants and acidity of rain , Issues of major public concern .
   Blnce i substantial fraction of the air pollutants concerned originate
   from energy production , strong links with the Community activities on
   energy are evident *
   This programme was prepared with the concurrence of the Management
   Committee of COST Projeot 61a , which recommended strongly the Imple­
   mentation and co-ordination of the proposed research .                    1
   The proposal was comprehensively discussed by the Advuei / Committee
   on Programme Management for Environmental Research, whose opinion 1s
   given In Annex !•
 ---pagebreak---                                     4                        XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
2) Definition of the Problem
   As a consequence of energy generation , industrial activity , ( e.g. ore
   processing ), domestic heating and road traffic , large amounts of sul­
   phur ( mainly in the form of sulphur dioxide ) and nitrogen oxides are
   released into the atmosphere . Worldwide , these amounts range in the
   order of magnitude of 100 million tons per year .
   These gases interact in the atmosphere with each other , with oxygen ,
   and with other air pollutants , namely with ozone and photochemical
   oxidants ( oxidation products of hydrocarbons and other organic com­
   pounds ). Particulate matter acts as a catalyst in many of the conver­
   sion processes and as an absorbant . Many of the processes occur in
   aqueous phase ( rain droplets , fog , clouds ), often catalysed, by dis­
   solved substances ( metal compounds ) or suspended matter .
   Alkaline compounds , in particular ammonia , react with the acid pollir
   tants and their acid conversion products in the presence of water ,
   forming inorganic salts .
   For many of these processes , the reaction partners need to be acti­
   vated by sunlight , and radicals ( active chemical entities with a short
   lifetime ) are often the real acting agents .
   A number of basic mechanisms are responsible for the elimination of
   the pollutants and their reaction products from the atmosphere :
   - dry deposition o<j gases on soil , particulate matter , and snow
   - absorbtion by water surfaces v                                  *
   - wash-out by rain and rain-out ( the latter being defined as incor­
     poration of pollutants into liquid water during the process of
      condensation )
   - removal by living organisms , in particular plants , involving physi­
      cal as well as active physiological processes .
   The scope of the proposed research programme is essentially to unravel
   the multitude of parallel and consecutive chemical and physical pro­
   cesses involved in this complex conversion of air pollutants .
   As a result , one can expect :
                                                                             n*
   - the establishment of the chemical equations describing the individual
     processes , and the characterization of physical processes ( inter­
      action between gases and condensed matter ) involved .
 ---pagebreak---                                    5                        XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
 - the determination of the reaction rates of the chemical and physical
   processes involved
 - the possibility to compare the relative importance of the processes ,
    and to establish an overall balance of the turnover of the important
    air pollutants .
 State of the Knowledge and Re s ults of COST Pro ] e st 61a
 COST Project 61a " Physico-chemical Behaviour of Z0? in the Atmosphere"
 was executed from November 1972 until the end of          1976 , The Project
 was based on an agreement concluded between the governments of Den­
mark , the Federal Republic of Germany , Spain , France , Greece , Italy ,
 the Netherlands ; Yugoslavia , Austria , United Kingdom and Belgium . 26
nat ional resea rch projects , including research executed in the Joint
 Research Centre of the European Communities , were coordinated .
 The essential results are presented in the final report of the Manage­
ment Committee ( Doc . EdCO/ S0 n / 69/ 77) . A comprehensive scientific
publication on the project is in preparation .
The project was limited by the definition given in the agreement to the
atmospheric conversion of sulphur dioxide , at thirs time deemed to be
the major problem . It was recognised soon that: sulphur dioxide is only
one facet of the overall problem ( e.g. in some instances , up to 50%
of the acidity of rain may be due to acids derived from nitrogen
oxides ) and in implementing the project cue consideration was given to
tackle atmospheric sulphur chemistry with ! ! a mere general context .
As progre'ss evolved , the importance of oi.her pollutants became more
and more evident .
 ---pagebreak---                                      6                      XII / 617/ 77
 For practical reasons , the project was subdivided in three main
 research areas ;
 - chemical conversion studies
 - particularities of the conversion in plumes and areas close to
   important sources
 - removal from the atmosphere
 COST Proiect 61a may be considered as successful and to have contri­
 buted significantly to the present state of knowledge . A critical
evaluation of the results may be summarized as follows :
a ) Within           studies on chemical conversion of sulphur dioxide , the
      broad ouline of the chemistry of many important reactions of
      sulphur dioxide in homogeneous phase has been elucidated, their
      rate constants have been established , and a number of catalyti cal
      phenomena have been explained . This permits a comparative evaluation
     of the relative importance of the conversion pathways likely to
      occur i "! > he atmosphere . Field measurements are in qeneral in good
      agreement with these findings , but need , however , further confirm­
      ation , extensions and refinement .
      Substantial results with regard to the conversion of S0? on the
      surface of particulate matter have been reported . This extremely
     r mplex and diversified field of inquiry needs , however , further
      'nvestigation .
b) With regard to research on the behaviour of sulphur dioxide in
     the special conditions prevailing in plumes and areas near the
     emlss km sources , the project was hampered by the fact that several
          .'s of plant ed experiments could not be executed as foreseen
     for external reasons ( public objections against the release of
     radioactive tracers , use of low-sulphur fuel in powe^r stations ).
     Several other relevant national projects are not yet definitely
     completed . The results obtained so far , although not yet conclu­
     sive , f or fn a solid ground for further research .
c)   Studies on removal of SO -, from the atmosphere were perhaps of an
     undercrit i cal dimension in COST Project 61a , since several topics
     were not covered by national projects . Valid data have been pro­
     duced by measurements of concentration gradients near the ground ,
     and substantial progress has been achieved regarding the absorp­
     tion by vegetation and different types of soil and other inorganic
     material .
 ---pagebreak---                                      7                      XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
 Content of the Programme
 Taking into account the state of knowledge outlined above and the
 suitability of certain types of research projects for inclusion in a
 concerted action , the following programme has been established :
 The aim of the Project is to conduct research into the physico-chemical
 behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere , in particular into
- elucidating the chemistry of reaction between atmospheric pollutants
    and of their reactions with normal atmospheric constituents ,
- describing the physical processes ( interaction between gases and
    condensed matter ) which are important in this context ,
- investigating the rate constants of these reactions- and processes ,
    including catalytic aspects ,
- investigating the mechanisms and the quantitative aspects of the
   processes responsible for the elimination of pollutants and their
   conversion products from the atmosphere ,
- identifying sources and sinks of pollutants which are not yet known .
A broad range of pollutants will be studied ; without the intention to
set priorities , the following will be included initially :
(a)    Sulphur dioxide , its oxidation products and atmospheric precursors
( b)   Nitrogen oxides i.e. nitrous oxide * nitric oxide , nitrogen dioxide
       and products .,-formed from these in the atmosphere such as nitrous
       acid , nitric acid , nitrates , pernitric acid and peroxyacetyl
 , .   nitrate ( PAN ),
( c)   Ammonia *
(d)    Hydrocarbons , both natural and man-made *
(e)    Carbon monoxide *
(f )   Other organic compounds important in the atmospheric photo­
       chemical cycle*e.g . formaldehyde and higher aldehydes *
(9 )   Οζοηβ .
This list is not intended to be exhaustive and further primary or
secondary pollutants may be added later , provided they meet the
criteria for inclusion . Broadly , . they should be involved in some
chemical conversion process in the atmosphere or in the removal, of the .
above mentioned pollutants from the atmosphere . Priority wilt be             i
given to those pollutants having , or thought to have , measurable
environmental effects , and due considers : "ton will     o - yen to radicals ,
i.e. short-lived intermediates .
 ---pagebreak---                                   8                        XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
Because of the number of pollutants included and therefore the danger
of producing a very broad project with little cohesion , a number of
restrictions will have to be placed on the nature of the investigations
These are :
- Exclusion of substances which normally undergo only physical proces­
    ses , such as dispersion and sedimentation ( dust , grit , persistent
   gaseous pollutants ),
- Limitation to processes occuring in the lower atmosphere ,
- Exclusion of investigations where the main purpose is monitoring of
   pollutants , that is extended time series of observations whose
   purpose is to demonstrate the spatial and time-dependent variability
   of concentration and the mathematical modelling of the long range
   transport of pollutants ,
- Exclusion of research into the subsequent behaviour of pollutants
   after removal and any general study on the effects of pollutants
   ( corrosion , physiological effects ).
There are a number of peripheral subjects , for example , dispersion
theory and cloud physics , which need to be considered in relation to
the physico-chemical behaviour of pollutants but such peripheral
subjects shall not form the major part of any investigation .
With regard to the methods of investigation all suitable experimental
or theoretical approaches will be considered , in particular
- laboratory experiments simulating atmospheric conditions in order
   to investigate the chemistry and kinetics of reactions ,
- field experiments , stationary or using mobile stations like aero­
   planes , including limited series of atmospheric measurements whose
  purpose is to investigate a particular physico-chemical process or
   group of processes occurring in the atmosphere and investigations
   intended to demonstrate the existence of particular sources or sinks ,
- computer modelling studies ( within the limitations mentioned above ).
The work may involve the development of new methods and techniques as
far as they are suitable to the achievement of the objectives of the
programme .
The Member Countries will introduce in the concerted action all rele-.
vant research on hand or planned , and that they will endeavour to
explore the possibilities of launching new projects in order to fill -
gaps likely to be identified . The Commission will introduce the rele­
vant research executed by its Joint Research Centre .
 ---pagebreak---                                        9
                                                                XII / 617/ 77
      In Annex A to Annex II Ciw-i <Hnn         r
      initial participation of the different countries in^hedWerfnt"9 the
      research topics is given . It is anticipated that further projects
      w     be ^eluded as progressive co-ordination in this field evolves .
      A number of European Non-Member States have already shown a strong
      interest to be associated to the Community Concerted Action within the
      framework of an agreement between the Community and these states
5)    Duration
     A duration of 4 years is proposed for this concerted action.
6)   Implementation of the programme
     The project is implemented as a " concerted action". It is closelv linkprf
     to the Environmental Research Programme of the European Communities
     ( Indirect Action ).
    A Concerted Action Committee will be established, in which the Member States
    and associated Non-Member States and the Commission are represented
    by a delegate , who may be assisted by experts . The terms of reference
    of this Committee are given in Annex B to Annex II
    With the agreement of the Concerted Action Committee , the Commission
    will appoint a project leader who will assist the Commission in the
    co-ordination .
    The competence of the Advisory Committee on Programme Management for
    Environmental Research covers . also the implementation of this programme ;
   this Committee is , in parti cular, duly qualified for giving this
   research its proper place within the overall environmental research
   programme of the European Communities .
   Dissemination of Knowledge
   Emphasis will be given to a speedy and efficient dissemination of
   knowledge by organising workshops , symposia , etc ., and publishing
   regular reports , stressing in particular the appi i L.bi lity of the
   results .
 ---pagebreak---                                    10                      XII / 61 7/ 77
 Financial Volume and Staff
The financial volume of the national research in the Member States to
  be introduced in the concerted action is estimated at eight million
  EUA ( 1 ) for a 4-year period .
The cost of co-ordination , charged to the Community budget , is esti­
mated at 500.000 EU A(1 )f or the 4-year period . These costs include sala
 ies for scientific and secretarial staff ( 2) involved in the co-ordin
tion , expenses for experts , for organising meetings and symposia and
for publications .
(1)     A-nounts expressed in European Units of Account , which are
        applicable as of 1978 and the value of which is different
        from that of the " old " unit of account .
( 2)    The allocation of 1A and 1C to this concerted action is reques­
        ted . It is intended to pool this staff with such allocated to
        oth'er concerted actions in the field on environmental research
        approved or proposed , in view of an optimum efficiency of the .
        overall co-ordination of European research .
 ---pagebreak---                                 11                     XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
  Annex I
   Opinion of the Advisory Committee on Programme Management
    for Environmental Research on the Commission Proposal
            for „a Concerted Action in the field of
     Physico-chemical Behaviour of Atmosperic Pollutants
 The Advisory Committee for Programme Management in Environmental
 Research examined comprehensively during its meeting of 28th June
 1977 the Commission 's proposal for a concerted action in the field
 of Physico-chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants and its
 relation to the programme of direct and indirect action .
 The Committee agreed unanimously that the proposal meets the re­
 search needs in the Community, and that the scientific and technica
 content is sound .
 The Committee recommended that in implementing this programme
 emphasis be given to a speedy dissemination of knowledge and to . a
 careful evaluation of the results with regard to their application.
The Committee agreed that the concerted action fits well into the •
overall European research effort of direct and indirect action .
It would contribute to the broader co-ordination of environmental
research with which the ACPM is concerned . Tha successful colla­
boration with European non-member states during COST-Project 61a
should continue , and great importance should therefore be given to
their association to the concerted action .
The Committee stressed that adequate vi ; oncial means and staff be'
allocated to this programme in order to ensure an efficient co­
ordination to which it was hoped that JRC would contribute .
 ---pagebreak---                                   12                       XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
Annex II
                       DRAFT COUNCIL DECISION
               adopting a European Economic Community
                   Concerted Action in the field of
      Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES .
             ι
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
Community , and in particular Article 235 thereof ,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ,
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament ,
Whereas by virtue of Article 2 of the Treaty the Community has been
assigned the task of promoting throughout the Community a harmonious
development of economic activities , a continuous and balanced expansion
and an accelerated raising of the standard of living ;
Whereas in the declaration of 22 November 1973 < 1 ) the Council approved
the principles and objectives of a Community environmental policy and
the general description of the? actions to be undertaken at Community
level ; whereas in the Resolution of 17 May 1977 ( 2) the Council approved
the continuation and implementation of a Community policy and an action
programme on the environment ;
Wherea9 in its Decision 76/ 311 / EEC ( 3) the Council adopted an environ­
mental research programme ;
Whereas in its Decision 77/ 488/ EEC / EURATOM ( A ) the Council adopted a
research programme for the Joint Research Centre ;
(1)   OJ N° C 112 , 20.12.1973,  p. 1
( 2)  OJ N° C 139 , 13 . 6.1977, p. 1
 ( 3) OJ N° L 74 , 20 . 3.1976 , p. 36
(4)   OJ N° L 200 , 8. 8.1977,   p. 4
 ---pagebreak---                                    13                    XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
 Whereas in its Resolution of 14 January 1974 on an initial outline *
programme of the European Communities in the field of science and          ^
 technology ( 1 )/ the Council stressed that an appropriate approach       I
 should be adopted towards the whole range of   available ways and
means , including concerted actions , and that  whenever it proves
desirable that third countries , particularly   European ones , should
be associated in these projects , steps should be taken to make this
possible ;
 Whereas in its Resolution of 14 January 1974 on in particular the 1
 co-ordination of national policies in the field on science and
 technology <2 >, the Council entrusted the Community Institutions with
 the task of gradually ensuring such co-ordination , aided by the
 Scientific and Technical Research Committee ( CREST ).;
 Whereas a research project on the physico-chemical behaviour of
 S(>2 in the atmosphere carried out under an Agreement signed on 23
 November 1971 in the framework of European Co-operation in the field
 of Scientific and Technical Research ( COST ) ( COST Project 61a ),
produced very encouraging results ;
Whereas a concerted Community research project in the field of
 Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants , continuing
 and extending COST Project 61a , will contribute effectively to the
 achievement of the above-mentioned aims , in particular with regard
 to the reduction of environmental pollution ;
Whereas the Member States intend , as part of the rules and procedures
applicable to their national -progRmmes , to carry out the research
described in Annex A* and are prepared to integrate such research into
a process of co-ordination at Community level over a period of four
years ;
Whereas the execution of such research as described in Annex A will
require financial contributions of about eight million european .
units of account from the Member States and from the Community ;
Whereas the Treaty does not provide the specific powers necessary        £
for this purpose ;                                                       §
Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee ( CHEST ) toas
given its opinion on the Commission p-oposal ,
 (1)   OJ N° C    7, 29 . i 197A ,. p. A
 ( 2)  OJ N° C    7, 29. 1.1974 , p * 2
 ---pagebreak---                                     14                      XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
 HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
                              Article   1
 The Community shalt carry out over a period of four years a concerted
 action in the field of Physico-chemical behaviour of Atmospheri c
 pollutants ( hereinafter referred to as " the action")
 The action shall consist in the co-ordination at Community level of
 the research described in Annex A and forming part of the national
 research programmes of the Member States and of the research programme
 of the Community .
                              Article   2
 The Commission shall be responsible for the co-ordination .
                              Article   3
The financial contribution by the Community to such co-ordination is
evaluated at 500.000 European Units of Account , the European Unit of
Account being defined in accordance with the financial regulations
 in force .
                          t •
A staff of two shall "be assigned to the co-ordination of the action *
                              Article   4
 To assist in carrying out           the action , a Concerted Action Commit"
 tee on the Physi co-chemi ca I - Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants ,
 hereinafter referred to as "the Committee", is hereby established .
 A project leader shall be appointed by the Commission in agreement
 with the Committee . The Project leader shall , in particular , assist
the Commission in its co-ordination .
 The terms of reference and the composition of the Committee are laid
 down   ' in Annex B «.
 ---pagebreak---                                       15                      XI 1 / 61 7/ 7 ?
         The Committee shall draw up its rules of procedure'. Its secretariat
        shall be provided by the Commission .
                                 Article  5
  (a) In accordance with a procedure to be adopted by the Commission in
        agreement with the Committee, the Member States participating in"the
       action and the Community shall exchange regularly all useful infor­
       mation concerning the carrying out of the research covered hy the action.
       The participating Member States shall provide the Commission with all
       information relevant for co-ordination purposes . They shall also
       endeavour to provide the Commission with information on similar
       research planned or carried out by bodies for which they are not
       responsible . Any information shall be treated as confidential if so
       requested by the Member State which provides it .
 (b) The Commission shall prepare yearly progress reports on the basis
       of the information supplied, and shall forward them to the Member
       States and the European Parliament .
 ( c) At the end of the co-ordination period, the Commission, in agreement
       with the Committee , shall forward to the Member States and the
       European Parliament a general report on the carrying out and the results
       of the co-ordination action. The Commission shall publish this report
       six months after it has been forwarded to the Member States, unless
       a Member State objects . In this case the report shall be distribu­
       ted, at their request , solely to the institutions and undertakings
       whose research or production activities justify access to the
       knowledge resulting from the performance of the research covered
       by the project . The Commission may make arrangements to ensure that
      the report remains confidential and is not passed on to third
      parties .
                                Article  6
C1 ) In accordance with Article 228 of the Treaty, the Community may
      conclude agreements with other States involved in European Co­
      operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research ( COST)
      with a view to extending the co-ordination which is the subject of
      this Decision to research undertaken in those States .
 ---pagebreak---                              16
The Commission is hereby authorised to negotiate the agreements
referred to in paragraph   1 .
                        Article   7
This Decision shall be published in tbe Official Journal of the
European Communities . It shall take effect on the day of its
publication .
                                  Done at Brussels ,
                                        For the Council ,
                                         The President
 ---pagebreak---                                       17                         XI 1 / 617/ 77
Annex A to Annex II
                  Annex A to the Draft Council Decision
                  on a Concerted Action in the field of
          PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
   Contributions of the Member States and of the JRC to the concerted
   action by research topics .
            RESEARCH  TOPICS
                                       C       DIVISION OF RESEARCH WORK
                                         8   D    DK    F   I IRL NL     UK   L RC I
                                                     I
                                                I
                                                      I
      1 ) Studies on the conversion
          and transport of atmos­               I
                                                ι
                                                          I
          pheric pollutants                                            I    I
          a ) laboratory studies             X          X   X  X    X     X     X
          b ) field studies              X         X    X   X      X      X     X
          c ) modellrng                      X              X      X            X
      2)  Studies on deposition and
          absorption of atmospheric
          pollutants              - '    X              X   X             X
                                           I
 ---pagebreak---                                        18                   XI 1 / 61 7/ 77
Annex B to Annex II
                                     t
     TERMS OF REFERENCE AND COMPOSITION OF THE CONCERTED ACTION COMMITTEE '
     PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS .
1.   The Committee shall :
     1.1 . contribute to the optimum execution of the programme by giving
           its opinion on all of its aspects ;
     1.2 . evaluate the results and draw conclusions as to their appli­
           cation ;
     1.3 . be responsible for the exchange of information referred to in .
           Article 5(a ); .
     1.4 . keep abreast of national research being done in the fields
           covered by the project , and more especially of scientific and
           technical developments likely to affect the execution of the
           concerted action ;
     1.5 . suggest guidelines to the project leader .
2.  The Committee 's reports and opinions shall be forwarded to the
    Commission and the Member States participating in the project .
    The Commission shall forward these opinions to CREST .
3.  The Committee shall be composed of the persons responsible for
    co-ordinating the national contributions to the programme and one
    delegate from the Commission' responsible for its contribution , and
    the project leader . Each member may be accompanied by experts .
 ---pagebreak---             PROPOSAL RU ?* A COUNCIL DECISION
ADOPTING A EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY CONCERTED ACTION
                      IN THE FIELD OF
  PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
                  FINANCIAL STATEMENT
 ---pagebreak---                        FINANCIAL DATA
BUDG2T CÏÏAPTEB x          3371
HSADIN3 0? TES BUDG3T TITLS i
Implementation of concerted action projects on the physico-chemical
behaviour of atmospheric pollutants .
 JURIDICAL BASIS t              235
DE3CBIPTI0N , OBJECTIVES AND JUSTIFICATION OF ACTION
        Description s
        Coordination of the most important research work in progress
        or planned in the Member States on the physico-chemical
        behaviour ; of atmospheric pollutants . The association of
        European 6on-member States is also likely
 *• 2 . Objectives t
        Development and extension of research work performed
        under CCiST Project 61a ( 1972-7 6). A better understanding
        of the impact of human activities on the atmosphere and
        their repercussions on the environment .
*•3*    Justification *                                              '
        The proposed research work is in line with the Second
        Environmental Research Programme(Counci I Decision of 15 March
        76). It has a direct bearing on the Council Resolution
        qf 14 January 1974 and on the Communities' Action Programme'
        on the environment , especially Chapter 3 of Title II of
        the Council Resolution of 17 May 1977 .
 ---pagebreak---                                                      X J 1 / 617/ 77
     TOTAL FINANCIAL XKCXftatCI 07 ACTION X>rS.D*Q THX TSKH ENVISAGED
     ( la SUA )
     5«0 »   Funded t
             - oa Community budget                              500.000
             - or national administrations
                                                           8.000.000
             - by other aectora at national level
     TOTAL                                                 8.500.000 HJA
     5*0.0 , Multiannnal tera
COMMITMENT                                                        in EUA
                   1978         1979            1980               1981
Staff             86.000          93.000      100.000            107.000
Hanag *           14.000 '        30.000        35.000             35.000
Contraota
TOTAL            100.000      v '123.000      135.000            142.000
PAYMENT
           «
                   1978          1979           1980                1981
Staff               86.000       $3.000       300 OCO | 107.000
Manag *             14.000       30.000         23.000        .     35.000
Contracta
                     ι                                        t
TOTAL              100.000      123.0CO
                                              À3Î/.000 j 142.OuO
 ---pagebreak---                                                     XII / 61 7/ 77
5.0.1 .   Evaluation method
                                            *
          a)   Staff expenditure
               The staff needs for this programme are estimated
               at :
                                                                   •
                1 category A staff
                    c aiiaqjcwiyr ^rtglnrgJ^
                1 category C staff
               In addition to staff number estimates , the evaluation
               take account of the data of the Council Decision of
               21.12.1976 , on the adaptation of salary of European
               Community staff and applicable correction coefficients
               adding to it - on a hypothetical basis - possible needs
              originating from the general evolution of prices
              in the Community *
               The rates adopted are those used for the calculation
               of the three-year forecast 1978/1980 . The evaluation
               of expenditure increases up to 198I has been made on
               the basis of the following indioes 1 IO81 1979 ,
               116 » 1980 , 124 « 1981 .
          b ) Contracts expenditures
                                     y
                                              1
                                       »
               Incidence on the funds t
               - Community inooas tax on staff
               - runetloaarita contribution for rotirraent fund
        y
FUNDING ACTION
 6.0 .
 6.1 .
 6.2 .
 6.5.       Funds to bs included in future ( s) budgst(s)