CELEX: 52013PC0430
Language: en
Date: 2013-06-17
Title: Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL On enhanced co-operation between Public Employment Services (PES)

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		52013PC0430
		
			Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL On enhanced co-operation between Public Employment Services (PES) /* COM/2013/0430 final - 2013/0202 (COD) */
			
				
		
		
			
			   	EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.           CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL  

This legal proposal, an incentive measure pursuant of Article 149
TFEU, aims to strengthen cooperation between the Public Employment Services
(PES) of the Member States. PES are responsible for implementing active labour market policies and
providing employment services in the public interest. They are part of relevant
ministries, public bodies or (non for profit) corporations falling under public
law. The services offered by PES to workers and employers include labour market
information, support for job search, counselling, vocational guidance,
placement and support of occupational and geographic mobility. PES are also
frequently in charge of unemployment and other social benefit systems. The efficiency of PES is an essential factor for successful
employment policies.
Strengthening cooperation between PES in
the EU has been recognised as a crucial element to achieve the employment
targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy[1]. The Commission has regularly
advocated for the modernisation of PES service delivery, for partnerships
between PES and other employment services, and for transforming PES into "transition management agencies" delivering a new
combination of "active" and "passive" employment policies[2]. The Council recently called
for partnerships between public and private employment services, employers,
social partners and youth representatives when delivering youth guarantee
schemes[3].
PES are also directly addressed in the current European
guidelines for the employment
policies of the Member States, the ‘employment guidelines’[4].
Shrinking public budgets and the need for increased PES cost-effectiveness
have prompted several Member States to undertake PES reforms in the shape of
mergers with unemployment benefit providers, outsourcing of services to private
providers, regionalisation and municipalisation of employment services, and enhancing
service delivery through ICTs and self-service tools. At the same time, PES
expenditure (excluding unemployment benefits) is constantly changing: a regular
survey among PES[5]
revealed that between 2007 and 2010 expenditure increased, whilst in 2011 it
mostly decreased. The latest budget projections show that the majority of PES
anticipate higher expenditure in 2013 than in the previous year.   

Due to national diversity in terms of PES business models,
instruments, labour market conditions and legal context
PES have different levels of effectiveness when delivering labour market
programs. While Member States remain responsible for
organising, staffing and running their PES, this legislative proposal
establishes a European Network of Public Employment Services providing a platform
for comparing their performance at European level, identifying good practices
and fostering mutual learning in order to strengthen service capacity and
efficiency. Experience has shown that Member States do not engage sufficiently
in mutual learning and benchmarking activities by themselves. 

PES collaboration at EU level dates back to 1997
when the Commission set up an informal advisory group of PES in order to promote cooperation, exchange and mutual learning between its
member organisations[6] and to receive specialist feedback on policy initiatives in the
employment field. Despite progress over the years the
current co-operation model shows considerable limitations.            

Participation of national PES in these activities remains voluntary,
thus hampering the prospects of early identification of low performance by PES and
potential structural labour market problems deriving from this. A reporting
mechanism is also missing, meaning that policy designers at national and
EU-level are not systematically informed about the results of the existing
benchmarking and mutual learning practices.      

Efforts to make PES more comparable by clustering them according to
business models have not succeeded so far. The linkages between benchmarking
and mutual learning activities are weak and inconsistent and the evidence-base
for the activities of the existing Mutual Learning Programme is not
scientifically robust. Participation in mutual learning
is limited to a small group of PES and therefore the effects are not
sufficiently widespread.
PES are required to adapt their
organisation models, business strategies and processes to a rapidly changing if
they are to become "learning organisations" and contribute to the
work of the Employment Committee. In
its recent document "PES Strategy EU 2020"[7] – the PES Network identified
five key areas for change to achieve the goals of the Europe 2020 strategy. i) connect with the demand side; ii) adopt a conductor role by
cooperation/partnerships; iii) develop skills oriented operations; iv) pursue sustainable
activation outcomes v) improve careers.
This legislative proposal aims to expand, reinforce
and consolidate on-going initiatives for the benefit of all PES. A proposal for
enhanced cooperation between PES constitutes a concerted action to modernise
and empower them to successfully act in unison in the face of the current
economic crisis.
A European network of PES established on
solid legal ground would be able to increase comprehensively
coordinated activities among PES and provide the network with legitimacy to
act. A formalised structure is the pre-condition to increase
the network’s potential to contribute to the development of innovative, evidence-based
policy implementation measures in line with the Europe 2020 objectives. It will
also facilitate the implementation of labour market projects financed by the European Social Fund (ESF). The proposed initiative could
contribute to improved cost-efficiency.        
The PES Network established under this
Decision will carry out initiatives in the nature of incentive measures
designed to improve cooperation between Member States in the employment field.
These come in addition to the co-operation of PES within EURES on basis on Article
45 and 46 of the Treaty. 
2.           RESULTS OF CONSULTATIONS
WITH THE INTERESTED PARTIES AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS     

In accordance with the greater emphasis
placed on evidence-based policy development, this proposal is founded on a
number of evaluation studies and stakeholder consultations. 
Of
particular relevance were: Studies on PES business models[8], on PES performance measurement
systems and geographical labour mobility[9],
on the role of the PES related to ‘flexicurity’[10], on the role of
PES related to anticipating skill needs of the labour force and equipping
people for new jobs[11].
The results of the PES mutual learning programme[12] and the results of the PES crisis response questionnaire 2009-2013[13] have been taken into account
as well as results of the current PES benchmarking
project[14],
co-financed by the Commission. 
The future of the PES benchmarking
initiative was discussed several times in 2012 and 2013 with the current advisory
group of PES. A consultation of the group on major elements of this proposal
took place in March and May 2013; the members were invited to comment on
potential objectives, initiatives and policy options of this proposal. 
In January 2013 the group issued a
discussion note 'Towards an integrated European Public Employment Services
bench-learning initiative". The informal meeting of Employment, and Social Ministers ("informal EPSCO") and the
Employment Committee (EMCO) discussed this PES note. The informal EPSCO
acknowledged that greater and more focused cooperation between the PES would
lead to an improved sharing of best practice and asked for a detailed proposal
on a 'bench learning' initiative.[15] 
The above-mentioned consultations and
studies confirm that there is general agreement among stakeholders on the need
for enhanced co-operation among PES. All PES should become active players
within the network. Equally, there was broad support for extending the scope of
the benchmarking mechanism and for better linking the benchmarking and mutual
learning activities.
PES have also been involved in a timely and
transparent manner in the run up to the announcement of this Decision in the
CWP 2013-14 and the more in-depth preparations of this text herewith presented.
Their views have been gathered both in written form and through open
consultation meetings and have been considered in relation to key aspects of
direct concern to them i.e.: initiatives/activities of
the network; governance structure of the network; role of the Commission; cooperation
with other employment service providers and cooperation with the Council in
particular the Employment Committee (EMCO).
Given that the legislative proposal will
mostly have indirect impacts and that the main technical elements of the
benchmarking and mutual learning initiative will be defined in a Delegated act,
an impact assessment was considered not to be proportionate. Equally, no
budgetary impacts are to be expected.          

3.           LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE
PROPOSAL          

The right to act derives from Article 149
of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union which states that "the European Parliament and the Council, ……, may adopt incentive
measures designed to encourage cooperation between Member States and to support
their action in the field of employment through initiatives aimed at developing
exchanges of information and best practices, providing comparative analysis and
advice as well as promoting innovative approaches and evaluating experiences,
in particular by recourse to pilot projects. ….".
Union action is also justified on the
ground that the legislative proposal on enhanced cooperation between PES will
contribute to the objectives of the treaty, notably promoting
full employment (Art. 3 TEU).
The entire proposal on enhanced cooperation
between PES is an incentive measure in the sense of Article 149. In light of the nature of the incentive measure proposed the choice
of the legal instrument – a Decision of the European Parliament and of the
Council – is the most appropriate. 
Increased cooperation by incentivising the
PES to work together on specific initiatives complies
with the subsidiarity principle in so far as it seeks to provide support to
Member States to modernise their Public Employment Services within the context
of the current economic crisis and with a view to reaching the Europe 2020
employment target.
Overall, in the area of PES coordination
there is an added value in Union's interventions compared to Member States
acting alone. Public Employment Services have a mandate to pursue national
interests and priorities; they normally do not interact in an EU-wide context. The
benchmarking and mutual learning activities on EU level add value to similar
smaller scale level activities of possibly only a few national PES volunteering
to shape EU wide cooperation.
The proposal conforms with the
proportionality principle since it is proposed in the form of an incentive
measures for Public Employment Services and its duration is limited to the time
span of the Europe 2020 strategy as agreed by the Council.  

4.           BUDGETARY IMPLICATION 
The Commission's proposal for a
Multi-Annual Financial Framework includes a proposal of a EUR 958, 19 million on
a European Union Programme for Social Change and Innovation (PSCI) for the
period 2014-2020. Funding for the enhanced cooperation between PES will come
from the PSCI/PROGRESS/Employment section. An indicative annual amount of 4 Mio
EUR is foreseen for the above described incentive measure. Around 3 Mio EUR are
foreseen for the benchmarking and mutual learning activities; several calls for
tenders might be published. Up to 1 Mio EUR is likely to be used for network
meetings and scientific studies on PES issues. 
The legislative proposal is budget-neutral
and does not require additional staff resources. The
COM staff – 2 ½ FTE - currently working in DG EMPL on PES issues will become
the PES Network Secretariat.         

5.           DELEGATED ACTS           

The legislative proposal includes a
provision to grant the Commission the power to adopt
delegated acts. This will mainly concern a delegated act for putting in place
the general framework for the implementation of the benchmarking and mutual
learning initiatives.         

The choice of using the legal instrument of
delegated acts is justified as this will complement the basic act with more
detailed non-essential elements, in this case the general
framework for the implementation of the benchmarking and mutual learning
initiatives.          

The general framework will include the
technical elements of the benchmarking systems such as the methodology, the basic
quantitative and qualitative indicators to assess the outputs,
outcomes, impact and costs of the different PES business models, processes,
performances and tools as well as other criteria for
identification of best practices. It will define the monthly and/or annual data
delivery requirements for the PES, the learning instruments of the integrated
mutual learning programme such as workshops, peer reviews, technical assistance,
study visits and the terms for participation in the benchmarking and mutual
learning activities.       

It is planned to externalise the data
collection and analysis of the benchmarking exercise. The PES will be
associated to this process in order to ensure ownership of the benchmarking
results.         

Subject to agreement by the PES it is anticipated that major parts
of the current voluntary PES benchmarking projects can be used. There are time
series available for several indicators measuring the transitions of jobseekers
into employment such as transition to employment from
unemployment, transition to employment before unemployment lasts long, transition
from training measures to employment. Access to
vacancies and match with suitable candidates as well as satisfaction of jobseekers
and employers with the provided services are also measured with several
indicators. 

Additional indicators and context variables will need to be defined
in order to assess the interdependence between business models and processes
against results.    

The general framework will define most elements
of the benchmarking and mutual learning activities. Technical details that may
change over time will be included in the annual work programme of the PES
network. 
2013/0202 (COD)
Proposal for a
DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL
On enhanced co-operation between Public
Employment Services (PES)
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 149 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the
European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative
act to the national Parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the
European Economic and Social Committee[16],

Having regard to the opinion of the
Committee of the Regions[17],

Acting in accordance with the ordinary
legislative procedure,
Whereas:
(1)                   
On 17 June 2010 the European Council[18] endorsed the Commission proposal for a Europe 2020 Strategy for
jobs and smart, sustainable and inclusive growth[19]. The
European Council advocated full mobilisation of the appropriate EU instruments
and policies to support achievement of the common objectives and invited the
Member States to step up coordinated action. The Public
Employment Services (PES) have a central role in achieving the Europe 2020 target of 75 % employment
rate for women and men aged 20 to 64 by 2020.
(2)                   
Article 45 of the Treaty secures the freedom of
movement for workers within the Union while Article 46 sets out the measures to
bring about this freedom, in particular by ensuring close cooperation between
the PES. The PES Network established under this Decision, however, covers besides
general aspects of geographical mobility a wide range of objectives and
initiatives in the nature of incentive measures designed to improve cooperation
between Member States in the employment field. Art 149 of the Treaty is
therefore the appropriate legal base for this Decision.
(3)                   
In accordance with Article 148(4) of the Treaty
on the Functioning of the European Union, the Council adopted guidelines for
employment policies on 21 October 2010. These
integrated guidelines give orientations to the Member States on defining their
national reform programmes and on implementing reforms. The employment
guidelines form the basis for country-specific recommendations that the Council
addresses to the Member States under Article 148(4) of the TFEU. In
recent years these have included specific
recommendations on the functioning and capacity of PES and the effectiveness of
active labour market policies in Member States.
(4)                   
These recommendations would benefit from being
further supported by an enhanced evidence-base,
feedback on success of policy implementation and co-operation between the PES
of Member States. To this end, the PES Network to be
established under this Decision should carry out concrete initiatives such as common evidence-based
benchmarking systems, corresponding mutual learning activities, mutual
assistance between the network members and the implementation of strategic actions
for the modernisation of PES.. The specific knowledge of the network and its
individual members should also be used to provide, upon request of the Employment,
Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) and the Employment
Committee (EMCO), evidence for the development of employment policies.
(5)                   
The informal meeting of EPSCO ministers acknowledged that greater and more focused cooperation between the
PES would lead to an improved sharing of best practice and asked for a detailed
proposal on a 'bench learning' initiative.[20] 
(6)                   
The PES Network established under this Decision
should work in close co-operation with EMCO based on Article 150 TFEU and
contribute to its work as a provider for factual evidence and reports on policy
implementation. Contributions from the PES Network to the Council will be
channelled through EMCO. In particular, the combined knowledge of the PES
Network on delivery aspects of employment policies and the comparative analysis
of PES can serve policy decision makers at both national and Union level in the
assessment and design of employment policies. 
(7)                   
The PES network should contribute
to the implementation of policy initiatives in the employment field such as the
Council Recommendation on Establishing a Youth Guarantee[21]. The
network may also support initiatives aimed at facilitating the
transition from education and training to work, including through enhanced
transparency of skills and qualifications.
(8)                   
The PES Network should reinforce co-operation
between its members, develop joint initiatives aimed at
exchanges of information and best practices in all areas covered by PES, comparative analysis and advice as well as promotion of innovative
approaches in the delivery of employment services. By
establishing this network an inclusive, evidence-based and performance-oriented
comparison of all PES leading to the identification of best practices will be
possible. With these results members of the network should be able to shape the
design and delivery of employment services within their specific
responsibilities. The initiatives carried out by the Network should improve PES
effectiveness and allow for more efficient public spending.
(9)                   
In order to put in place
a general framework for the implementation of the benchmarking and mutual learning
initiatives, the power to adopt acts in accordance with
Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union should be
delegated to the Commission in respect of defining the technical
elements of the benchmarking systems and mutual learning activities. This
should include the methodology,
the basic quantitative and qualitative indicators to assess PES performance,
the learning instruments of the integrated mutual learning programme and the terms for participation in these
initiatives. . It is of
particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations
during its preparatory work, including at expert level, in particular PES
experts. The Commission, when preparing and drawing-up delegated acts, should
ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant
documents to the European Parliament and Council.
(10)               
Due to the variety of PES models, tasks and
forms of service delivery it is up to each Member State to nominate from the
senior management of its Public Employment Services one member for the Board of
the PES Network. Where applicable the member should represent in the Board the
other Public Employment Services from the Member State. The appointed members
should have the capacity to take decisions on behalf of their sending
organisations. In order to ensure an involvement of all PES in the workings of
the Network, activities should be open to all levels of participation. 
(11)               
The PES Network should build on the experience
of and replace an existing informal advisory
group of EU/EEA PES that the Commission has supported since 1997. The views of this group have been taken into account in the drafting
of this Decision.
(12)               
The key areas for action identified by this informal expert group in its paper “PES Strategy 2020"[22] should serve as an orientation for putting
into practice the envisaged concept for modernisation and strengthening of PES.
(13)               
The PES Network should provide mutual assistance to the benefit of its members and help support each other in the modernisation of organisational structures and service delivery by enhancing co-operation, in particular transfer of knowledge, study
visits, and staff exchanges. 
(14)               
The PES Network and its initiatives should be
funded through the PROGRESS/employment section of the 'Programme for Social
Change and Innovation' within the appropriations set by the budgetary
authority. 
(15)               
For projects developed by the network or
identified in the mutual learning activities and then implemented in the
individual PES, Member States have access to funding from the European Social Fund (ESF), the Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
and Horizon 2020.
(16)               
The Commission will take the necessary administrative
steps to set up the network. 
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
Establishment
An EU wide network of Public Employment
Services (PES) - hereinafter referred to as 'the Network' - is established for
the period expanding from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020. The Network will
carry out initiatives as defined in Article 3.
The Network comprises:
(a)                   
the Public Employment
Services as nominated by the Member States, and
(b)                   
the Commission. 
Member States with regional autonomous
Public Employment Services shall ensure adequate representation in the specific
initiatives of the Network.
Article 2
Objectives
Through this Network the incentive measure
herewith foreseen shall contribute to:
(a)                   
the implementation of
the Europe 2020 strategy for jobs and smart, sustainable and inclusive growth,
and its headline targets especially those dealing with employment;
(b)                   
the better functioning of the labour markets in
the EU; 
(c)                   
the better integration of labour markets; 
(d)                   
increased geographical and occupational mobility;
(e)                   
combatting of social exclusion and integration
of persons excluded from the labour market.
Article 3
Initiatives of the Network 
1.           The Network shall in
particular:
(a)         
Develop and implement European wide evidence-based
benchmarking systems among public employment services based on the use of
quantitative and qualitative indicators to assess PES performances and to
gather evidence with a view to establishing an appropriate mutual learning
vehicle. It shall also participate actively in the implementation of these
activities by sharing data, knowledge and practices. 
(b)         
Provide mutual assistance, either in the form of
peer-to-peer or group activities, through cooperation, exchanges of
information, experience and staff between its members including support for the
implementation of PES-related country-specific recommendations issued by the
Council. 
(c)         
Adopt and implement a concept for modernising
and strengthening PES in key areas.
(d)         
Prepare reports in the employment field, at the
request of either the Council, or the Commission or on its own initiative.
(e)         
Contribute to the implementation of policy
initiatives in the employment field. 
(f)           
The Network shall adopt and implement an annual
programme that spells out its working methods, deliverables and additional
details related to the implementation of the benchmarking systems.
2.           The Network shall
establish a reporting mechanism in relation to the initiatives 3.1.a and 3.1.b.
In accordance with this provision network members shall report annually to the
network. 
Article 4
Cooperation
The Network shall cooperate with labour
market stakeholders including other providers of employment services by involving
them in relevant activities and meetings of the Network and by exchanging information
and data. 
Article 5
Functioning of the Network
1.           The Network shall be
governed by a Board for which each Member State shall nominate from the senior
management of its Public Employment Services one member and one alternate
member. The Commission shall appoint one member and one alternate member for
the Board. Alternate members shall replace the members whenever necessary.
2.           A Chair and two
Vice-Chairs shall be appointed from among the PES members of the Board; the
chair will represent the Network. The Vice-Chairs shall replace the chair whenever necessary
3.           The
Board shall adopt its Rules of Procedure by unanimous
decision containing, inter alia, the decision-making arrangements of the Board,
the provisions on the appointment and term of office of the Chair and
Vice-Chairs of the network. The Board shall adopt by majority decision the
annual work programme including the setting up of working groups and the
language arrangements of the Network meetings, and the annual network report
that should be published.
4.           The Board will be assisted
by a Secretariat provided by and based within the Commission. The Secretariat
will prepare in cooperation with the Chair and Vice-chairs the Board meetings,
the annual work programme and the annual report.
Article 6
Financial Support for this incentive measure
The global resources for the implementation
of this Decision shall be established within the framework of the Programme for
Social Change and Innovation, the annual appropriations of which shall be
authorised by the budgetary authority within the limits of the Financial
Framework.
Article 7
Adoption of a general framework 
The
Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with
Article 8 concerning a general framework for the delivery of the benchmarking
and mutual learning initiatives as defined in Article 3.1 including the methodology, the basic quantitative and qualitative indicators to
assess PES performance, the learning instruments of the integrated mutual
learning programme and the
terms for participation in these initiatives.     

Article 8
Exercise of the delegation
1.           The
power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the
conditions laid down in this Article. 
2.           The
delegation of power referred to in Article 7 shall be conferred on the
Commission for seven years of time from the date the
Decision takes effect
3.           The
delegation of power referred to in Article 7 may be revoked at any time by the
European Parliament or by the Council. A decision of revocation shall put an
end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take
effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official
Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein.
It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
4.           As
soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it
simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council. 
5.           A
delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 7 shall enter into force only if no
objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council
within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the European
Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of
that period, the European Parliament and the Council
have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period
shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the European Parliament or
the Council.
Article 9
Review
Four years after its entry into force, the
Commission shall submit a report on the application of this Decision to the
European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee
and the Committee of Regions. The report shall in particular assess to what
extent the network has contributed to the achievement of the objectives set out
in article 2 and whether it fulfilled its tasks.        

Article 10
Addressees
This
Decision is addressed to the Member States. 
Done at Brussels, 
For the European Parliament                       For
the Council
The President                                                 The
President
[1]               Communication from the
Commission, Europe 2020, a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive
growth, COM(2010) 2020 final
[2]               Communication from the
Commission, An Agenda for new skills and jobs: A European contribution towards
full employment, COM (2010) 682 final, Communication from the Commission
"Towards a job-rich recovery", COM(2012) 173 final
[3]               EPSCO conclusions 28 February
2013 
[4]               Council decision on guidelines for the employment
policies of the Member States, 2010/707/EU, 21 October 2010
[5]               PES Crisis response
questionnaire 2010-2013, European Job Mobility Laboratory
[6]               The group comprises the PES of the EU Member States,
Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein (EEA)
[7]               Public Employment Services’ Contribution to EU 2020,
PES 2020 Strategy Output Paper, 2012
[8]               Study on PES business models, European Job Mobility
Laboratory 2012
[9]               PES performance measurement systems and geographical
labour mobility, Ecorys 2012
[10]             The role of the Public Employment Services related to ‘Flexicurity’
in the European Labour Markets, Danish Technological Institute, 2009
[11]             Anticipating skill needs of the labour force and
equipping people for new jobs - Which role for Public Employment Services in
early identification of skill needs and labour up-skilling? Danish
Technological Institute, 2010 
[12]             'PES to PES Dialogue' is the European Commission’s
mutual learning support programme for public employment services, more
information is available on:                
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=964&langId=en

[13]             PES Crisis response
questionnaire 2010-2013, European Job Mobility Laboratory
[14]             The PES Benchmarking project is a voluntary PES
project, co-financed by PROGRESS, more information is vailable on http://www.pes-benchmarking.eu/english/about.asp?IdPageLv=1
[15]             Informal meeting of EPSCO Ministers, Dublin, 7-8
February 2013. 
[16]             OJ C , , p. .
[17]             OJ C , , p. .
[18]             Nr: EUCO 13/10 dated 17/6/2010. 
[19]             Communication from the
Commission Europe 2020 – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive
growth, COM (2010) 2020 of 3 March 2010. 
[20]             Informal meeting of EPSCO Ministers, Dublin, 7-8 February
2013. 
[21]             Council Reccommendation on establishing a Youth
Guarantee (7123/13)
[22]             Public Employment Services’ Contribution to EU 2020,
PES 2020 Strategy Output Paper, 2012.