CELEX: 51990PC0174
Language: en
Date: 1990-06-15
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING DIRECTIVE 88/77/EEC ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST THE EMISSION OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS FROM DIESEL ENGINES FOR USE IN VEHICLES

No C 187/6                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                    27. 7. 90
Council recommendation            . . ./ . . ./EEC, and the              comply with this Directive by 31 December 1991. They shall
telecommunications systems, both public and private, which               forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
directly utilize such terminal apparatus, and where users
provided with a service in one Member State can also gain                Any measures adopted pursuant to the first subparagraph
access to the service in any other Member State.                         shall make express reference to this Directive.
                                                                         2.     Member States shall communicate to the Commission
                                                                         the text of any national law which they adopt in the field
                           Article 2                                     governed by this Directive.
Member States shall designate the frequency band 1 880 to
                                                                                                    Article 4
 1 900 MHz for DECT by 1 January 1992. DECT shall have
priority and shall be protected in the designated band.                  The Commission shall report to the Council on the
                                                                         implementation of this Directive not later than the end of
                                                                          1995.
                           Article 3
                                                                                                    Article 5
 1.    Member States shall bring into force the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions necessary to                   This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
               Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 88 / 77/EEC on the approximation of the laws of
               the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous pollutants from
                                                     diesel engines for use in vehicles
                                                     COM(90) 174 final — SYN 272
                                          (Submitted by the Commission on 21 May 1990)
                                                              (90/C 187/03)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,                                 combating atmospheric pollution caused by gases emitted
                                                                         from motor vehicles and for directives adopted previously to
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European                    be amended accordingly; whereas the third programme of
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100a                       action provides for additional efforts to reduce considerably
thereof,                                                                 the present level of emissions of pollutants from motor
                                                                         vehicles;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
                                                                         Whereas Council Directive 88/77/EEC (*) lays down the
In cooperation with the European Parliament,                             limit values for the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburnt
                                                                         hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from diesel engines for use
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social                  in motor vehicles on the basis of a test procedure
Committee,                                                               representative for European driving conditions for the
                                                                         vehicles concerned; whereas in accordance with Article 6 of
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of                that Directive these limit values should be further reduced
progressively establishing the internal market over a period             and a limit value for particulate emissions established;
expiring on 31 December 1992; whereas the internal market
shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which the
free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is                 Whereas the work undertaken by the Commission in that
ensured;                                                                 sphere has shown that the Community motor industry has
                                                                         available, or is currently perfecting, technologies which
                                                                         allow a further reduction of the limit values in question and
Whereas the first programme of action of the European
                                                                         compliance with a stringent particulate standard;
Communities on the protection of the environment,
approved by the Council on 22 November 1973, called for
account to be taken of the latest scientific advances in                 H OJ No L 36, 9. 2. 1988, p. 33.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                N o C 187/7
"Whereas it is appropriate to introduce these more severe            — prohibit the registration, sale, entry into service or use of
standards in two steps, the first step coinciding with the                such new vehicles, or
implementation dates of the new stringent European
emission standards for passenger cars; whereas the second            — refuse to grant EEC type-approval, or to grant national
step aims at the establishment of a longer-term orientation               type-approval for a type of diesel engine, or
for the European motor industry in fixing limit values which
are based on the expected performance of technologies which          — prohibit the sale or use of new diesel engines,
are still under development, granting to industry a sufficient
lead time for perfecting such technologies; wheres the               if the requirements of the Annexes to Directive 88/77/EEC
enforcement of the second stage requires as a prerequisite the       are satisfied.
meeting of certain framework conditions in relation to the
availability of low-sulphur diesel fuel and of a corresponding       2.     Member States may no longer grant EEC
reference fuel for emissions testing, to the progress achieved       type-approval or issue the document provided for in the last
on emission control technologies, and to the availability of an      indent of Article 10 (1) of Directive 70/156/EEC, and shall
improved method for the control of production conformity             refuse national type approval, of types of diesel engines and
which the Commission adopts in application of the                    types of vehicle propelled by a diesel engine:
procedure for adaptation to technical progress set out in
Article 4 of Directive 88/77/EEC; whereas the Commission             — from 1 July 1992 where the emissions of gaseous and
will present, before the end of 1993, a comprehensive report              particulate pollutants from the engine do not comply
on these matters to the Council enabling the latter to decide,            with the limit values set out in line A,
before 30 September 1994, which of the proposed limit
values for the particulate emission will be retained for the         — from 1 October 1996 where the emission of gaseous and
second stage;                                                             particulate pollutants from the engine do not comply
                                                                          with the limit values set out in line B
Whereas in order to allow the European environment to
                                                                     of the table of item 6.2.1 of Annex I to Directive
benefit the maximum from these provisions and at the same
                                                                     88/77/EEC.
time ensure the unity of the market, it appears necessary to
implement the more stringent European standards based on
total harmonization,                                                 3.     Member States shall prohibit the registration, sale,
                                                                     entry into service and use of new vehicles, propelled by a
                                                                     diesel engine and prohibit the sale and use of new diesel
                                                                     engines:
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:                                          — from 1 January 1993, where the emissions of gaseous and
                                                                          particulate pollutants from the engine do not comply
                                                                          with the limit values set out in line A,
                           Article 1
                                                                     — from 1 October 1997, where the emissions of gaseous
                                                                          and particulate pollutants from the engine do not comply
Directive 88/77/EEC is hereby amended as follows:                         with the limit values set out in line B
1. The title is replaced by the following:
                                                                     of the table of item 8.3.1.1 of Annex I to Directive
     'Council Directive of 3 December 1987 on the                    88/77/EEC.
     approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
     to the measures to be taken against the emission of
     gaseous and particulate pollutants from diesel engines
     for use in vehicles';                                                                      Article 3
2. Annexes I, II, HI, V and VIII are amended in accordance
     with the Annex to this Directive.                               1.     Member States shall bring into force the laws,
                                                                     regulations and administrative provisions necessary in order
                                                                     to comply with this Directive not later than 30 June 1991.
                                                                     They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
                           Article 2
                                                                     2.     The provisions adopted pursuant to paragraph 1 shall
1.     From 1 July 1991, no Member State may, on grounds             make express reference to this Directive.
relating to the gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted
from an engine:
— refuse to grant EEC type-approval, or to issue the
                                                                                                 Article 4
    document provided for in the last indent of Article 10(1)
    of Council Directive 70/156/EEC ( J ), or to grant
    national type-approval for a type of vehicle propelled by a      Not later than 30 September 1994, the Council shall decide,
    diesel engine, or                                                on the basis of a report and a proposal to be submitted by the
                                                                     Commission before the end of 1993, on the limit values for
(») OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1.                                   emission of particulate matter to be retained in line B, fourth
 ---pagebreak--- No C 187/8                                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                             27. 7. 90
column, of the tables of items 6.2.1 and 8.3.1.1 of Annex I to                      and of a corresponding reference fuel for emissions
Directive 88/77/EEC.                                                                testing,
                                                                               — a new statistical method for the control of production
In its report the Commission will give account of the progress                      conformity to be adopted in accordance with Article 4 of
achieved on
                                                                                    Directive 88/77/EEC.
— the techniques to control air-polluting emissions from
     diesel engines,
                                                                                                            Article S
— the definition and the availability of improved diesel fuel
     (e.g. sulphur content, aromatics content, cetane value)                   This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
                                                                       ANNEX
                                             Amendments to the Annexes to Directive 88/77/EEC
                                                                      ANNEX I
        SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS, APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL, SPECIFICATIONS AND
                                                  TESTS AND CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
        1 now reads as follows:
        '1.              This Directive applies to the gaseous and particulate pollutants from all motor vehicles equipped with
                         compression-ignition engines and to compression-ignition engines as specified in Article 1 with the exception of
                         those vehicles of category N , , N 2 and M2 for which type-approval has been granted pursuant to Directive
                         70/220/EEC (M, as last amended by Directive 89/491/EEC ( 2 ).'
        2.1 now reads as follows:
        '2.1.             "Approval of an engine" means the approval of an engine type with regard to the level of emission of gaseous and
                         particulate pollutants.'
        2.4 is expanded as follows:
        '2.4.             "Particulate pollutants" means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting diesel exhaust to
                         less than or equal to 325 K with clean filtered air.'
        2.9 now reads as follows:
        '2.9.            Abbreviations and units
                         All volumes and volumetric flow rates shall be calculated at 273 K and 101,3 kPa.
                         p                  kW           net power output non-corrected
                         CO                 g/kWh        carbon monoxide emission
                         HC                 g/kWh        hydrocarbon emission
                         NO x               g/kWh        emission of oxides of nitrogen
                         PT                 g/kWh        particulate emission
                         cone               ppm          concentration (ppm by volume)
                         mass               g/h          pollutant mass flow
        (') O J N o L 76, 6. 4. 1970, p. 1.
        (2) O] No L 238, 15. 8. 1989, p. 34.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No C 187/9
                    WF                                  weighting factor
                    WFr                                 effective weighting factor
                                         kg/h           exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
                    V'E                  m 3 /h         exhaust gas volume flow rate on dry basis
                                           3
                    V"                   m /h           exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
                                         kg/h           intake air mass flow rate
                    V'\                  m 3 /h         intake air volume flow rate on wet basis
                                         kg/h           fuel mass flow rate
                                         kg/h           dilution air mass flow rate
                    V" r                 m 3 /h         dilution air volume flow rate in wet basis
                    M SAM                kg             mass of sample through particulate sampling filters
                                         m3             volume of sample through particulate sampling filters on wet basis
                                         kg/h           equivalent diluted mass flow rate
                    V"   EDF             m 3 /h         equivalent diluted volume flow rate on wet basis
                                                        subscript denoting an individual mode
                    Pf                   mg             particulate sample mass
                                         kg/h           diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate
                    V".TOT               m 3 /h         diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate on wet basis
                                                        dilution ratio
                                                        ratio of cross sectional areas of sampling probe and exhaust pipe
                                         m2             cross sectional area of the isokinetic sampling probe
                    AT                   m2             cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe
                    HFID                                heated flame ionization detector
                    NDUVR                               non-dispersive ultraviolet resonance absorption
                    NDIR                                non-dispersive infra-red
                    CLA                                 chemiluminescent analyser
                     HCLA                               heated chemiluminescent analyser'
       3.1.1 now reads as follows:
       '3.1.1.      The application for approval of an engine type with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and particulate
                    pollutants shall be submitted by the engine manufacturer or by a duly accredited representative.'
       3.2.1 now reads as follows:
       '3.2.1.      The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by its
                    engine shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or a duly accredited representative.'
       6.1 now reads as follows:
       '6.1.         General
                     The components liable to affect the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants shall be so designed, constructed
                     and assembled as to enable the engine, in normal use, despite the vibration to which it may be subjected, to comply
                     with the provisions of this Directive.'
       6.2 now reads as follows:
       '6.2.         Specifications concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants
                     The emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by the engine submitted for testing shall be measured by the
                     method described in Annex III. Annex V describes the recommended analytical systems for the gaseous pollutants
                     and the recommended particulate sampling systems. Other systems or analysers may be approved by the technical
                     service if it is found that they yield equivalent results. For a single laboratory, equivalency is defined as the test
                     results to fall within + 5 % of the test results of one of the reference systems described herein. For particulate
                     emissions only the full-flow-dilution system is recognized as the reference system. For introduction of a new system
                     into the Directive, the determination of equivalency shall be based upon the calculation of repeatability and
                     reproductibility by an inter-laboratory test, as described in ISO 5725.'
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 187/10                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                                 27. 7. 90
      6.2.1 now reads as follows:
      '6.2.1.        The mass of the carbon monoxide, the mass of the hydrocarbons, the mass of the oxides of nitrogen, and the mass
                     of the particulates shall not exceed the amounts shown in the table below:
                                                                                                                            Mass of
                                                Mass of                    Mass of                Mass of                 particulates
                                           carbon monoxide              hydrocarbons         nitrogen oxides             (PT) g/kWh
                                             (CO) g/kWh                  (HC) g/kWh           (NO x ) g/kWh
                                                                                                                   ^ 85 kW          > 85 kW
                              A
                                                 4,5                         1,1                     8,0             0,63             0,36
                        (1. 7. 1992)
                              B
                                                 4,0                         1,1                     7,0                0,3/0,15 (*)
                       (1. 10. 1996)
                      (*) to be decided according to Article 4.'
      8.3.1.1 now reads as follows:
      '8.3.1.1.       An engine is taken from the series and subjected to the test described in Annex III. The mass of the carbon
                      monoxide, the mass oi the hydrocarbons, the mass of the oxides of nitrogen and the mass of particulates shall not
                      exceed the amounts shown in the table below:
                                                                                                                            Mass of
                                               Mass of                     Mass of                Mass of                 particulates
                                           carbon monoxide              hydrocarbons         nitrogen oxides             (PT) g/kWh
                                             (CO) g/kWh                  (HC) g/kWh           (NO x ) g/kWh
                                                                                                                   < 85 kW          > 85 kw-
                              A
                                                 4,9                        1,23                     9,0              0,7              0,4
                        (1. 7. 1992)
                              B
                                                 4,0                        1,1                      7,0                0,3/0,15 (*)
                       (1. 10. 1996)
                      (*) to be decided according to Article 4.
      In 8.3.1.2.    the fourth sentence now reads as follows:
                     'The arithmetical mean (x) of the results obtained with the sample shall then be determined for each
                     pollutant.';
                     the last sentence now reads as follows:
                     'L is the limit value laid down in 8.3.1.1 for each pollutant considered, and k is a statistical factor depending on n
                      and given in the following table:'.
      Annex II: the title of this Annex now reads as follows:
                                                                       'ANNEX II
                                                    INFORMATION DOCUMENT No . . .
      in accordance with Annex I to Council Directive 70/156/EEC relating to EEC type-approval and referring to measures to be
                  taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles
                                     (Directive 88/77/EEC        as last amended by Directive . . . / . . ./EEC)'
      Appendix 1, item 2, now reads as follows:
      '2.            Additional anti-pollution devices (if any, and if not covered by another heading)
                     Description and/or diagram . . .'.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                       N o C 187/11
                                                                      ANNEX III
                                                                 TEST PROCEDURE
       1.1 now reads as follows:
       '1.1.           This Annex describes the method of determining emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants from the engine
                        tested.'
       2 now reads as follows:
       '2.              MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE
                       The emissions from the exhaust of the engine include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and
                       particulates. During a prescribed test cycle the amounts of the above pollutants shall be examined continuously.
                        The test cycle consists of a number of speed and power modes which span the typical operating range of diesel
                       engines. During each mode the concentration of each gaseous pollutant, exhaust flow and power output shall be
                       determined and the measured values weighted. For particulates one sample over the complete test cycle shall be
                       taken. All values shall be used to calculate the grams of each pollutant emitted per kilowatt hour, as described in
                       this Annex.'
       3.1.4 now reads as follows:
       '3.1.4.         A non insulated and uncooled exhaust system extending at least 0,5 metres past the point where the raw exhaust
                       sample probes are located, and presenting an exhaust backpressure within ± 650 Pa ( ± 5 mm Hg) of the upper
                       limit at the maximum rated power, as established by the engine manufacturer's sale and service literature for
                       vehicle application.'
       3.2 now reads as follows:
       '3.2.           Analytical and sampling equipment
                       The system shall comprise one HFID analyser for the measurement of the unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and
                       NDIR analysers for the measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ( C 0 2 , for calculating the
                       dilution ratio, if applicable), a CLA, HCLA or equivalent analyser for the measurement of the oxides of nitrogen
                       (NO x ), and a dilution and filtering system for the measurement of the particulates (PT). Due to the heavy
                       hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust, the HFID system shall be heated and maintained at a temperature of
                       453 to 473 K (180 to 200 °C).
                       The accuracy of the analysers shall be ± 2 , 5 % of full-scale deflection or better. The scale of measurement of the
                       analysers shall be selected appropriately in relation to the values measured.'
       3.3.1 now reads as follows:
       '3.3.1.         The system must be free of gas leaks. The design and materials used must be such that the system does not influence
                       the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas. The following gases may be used:
                                 Analyser                       Span gas                                      Zero gas
                                  CO                        CO in N 2                     Nitrogen or dry purified air
                                  HC                        C 3 H g in air                Dry purified air
                                                                         1
                                  NO x                     NOinN2( )                     Nitrogen or dry purified air
                                  co2                       CQ 2 in N 2                  Nitrogen or dry purified air
                       (') The amount of N0 2 contained in this gas must not exceed 5 % of the NO content.'
       In 4.2 the last sentence now reads as follows:
                       'Calculation of the HC and PT emissions shall include G E X H and V " E X H according to the measuring method
                       used.'
 ---pagebreak--- NoC 187/12                                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                                 27. 7. 90
    4.3.1.4 now reads as follows:
    '4.3.1.4.      Using purified dry air (or nitrogen), the CO, C 0 2 (if used) and N O x analysers shall be set at zero; dry air shall be
                   purified for the HC analyser. Using appropriate calibration gases, the analysers shall be reset.'
    After item 4.3.1.5 the following new items 4.3.1.6, 4.3.1.7 and 4.3.1.8 are added:
    '4.3.1.6.      Gas meters or flow instrumentation used to determine flow through the particulate filters and to calculate the
                   dilution ratio shall be calibrated with a standard air flow measurement device upstream of the instrument. This
                   device must conform to the regulations of the National Bureau of Standards of the respective country. The points
                   on the calibration device measurements must be within ± 1,0 % of the maximum operating range or ± 2,0 % of
                   the point, whichever is smaller.
    4.3.1.7.       When using a partial-flow-dilution system with isokinetic probe, the dilution ratio shall be checked with the engine
                   running using either the C 0 2 or NO x concentrations in the raw and diluted exhaust.
    4.3.1.8.       When using a full-flow-dilution system, the total flow shall be verified by a means of a propane check. The
                   gravimetric mass of propane injected into the system is subtracted from the mass measured with the
                   full-flow-dilution system and then divided by the gravimetric mass. Any discrepancy greater than ± 3 % must be
                   corrected.'
    After item 4.3.4.4 the following new item 4.3.4.5 is added:
    '4.3.4.5.      The range of the exhaust gas velocity and the pressure ocillations shall be checked and adjusted according to the
                   requirements of Annex V, if applicable.'
    4.6, 4.6.1 and 4.6.2 now read as follows:
    '4.6.          Test run
                   At least two hours before the test, each filter shall be placed in a closed but unsealed petri dish and placed in a
                   weighing chamber for stabilization. At the end of the stabilization period each filter shall be weighed, and the tare
                   weight shall be recorded. The filter shall then be stored in the petri dish which shall remain in the weighing chamber
                   until needed for testing, or a sealed filter holder. If the filter is not used within one hour of its removal from the
                   weighing chamber, it must be reweighed before use.
                   During each mode of the test cycle the specified speed shall be held to within ± 50 rpm and the specified torque
                   shall be held to within ± 2 % of the maximum torque at the test speed. The fuel temperature at the injection pump
                   inlet shall be 306 to 316 K (33 to 43 °C). The governor and fuel system shall be adjusted as established by the
                   manufacturer's sales and service literature. The following steps shall be taken for each test:
    4.6.1.         instrumentation and sample probes shall be installed as required. When using a full-flow-dilution system for
                   exhaust gas dilution, the tailpipe shall be connected to the system, and the settings of inlet restriction and exhaust
                   backpressure shall be readjusted, accordingly. The total flow shall be set so as to keep the temperature of the
                   diluted exhaust at or below 325 K immediately before the particulate filters at the mode with the maximum heat
                   flow as determined from exhaust flow and /or temperature;
    4.6.2.         the cooling system and the full-flow-dilution system, or partial-flow-dilution system, respectively, shall be
                   started.'
    4.6.5 now reads as follows:
    '4.6.5.        the emission analysers shall be set at zero and spanned; the particulate sampling system shall be started. When
                   using a partial-flow-dilution system, the dilution ratio shall be set so as to keep the temperature of the diluted
                   exhaust at or below 325 K immediately before the particulate filters at the mode with the maximum heat flow as
                   determined from exhaust flow and/or temperature;'.
    4.6.6 now reads as follows:
    '4.6.6.       the test sequence shall be started (see section 4.1). The engine shall be operated for six minutes in each mode,
                   completing engine speed and load changes in the first minute. The responses of the analysers shall be recorded on a
                  strip chart recorder for the full six minutes with exhaust gas flowing through the analysers
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No C 187/13
                       at least during the last three minutes. For particulate sampling, one pair of filters (primary and back-up filters, see
                       Annex V) is used for the complete test procedure. With a partial-flow-dilution system, the product of dilution ratio
                       and exhaust gas flow for each mode must be within + 7 % of the average of all modes. With the full-flow-dilution
                       system, the total mass flow rate must be kept within + 7 % of the average of all modes. The sample mass drawn
                       through the particulate filters (M SAM ) must be adjusted at each mode to take account of the modal weighting factor
                       and the exhaust or fuel mass flow rate. A sampling time of at least 20 seconds shall be used. Sampling must be
                       conducted as late as possible within each mode. The engine speed and load, intake air temperature and exhaust
                       flow shall be recorded during the last five minutes of each mode, with the speed and load requirements being met
                       during the time of particulate sampling, but in any case during the last minute of each mode;'.
       4.7 now reads as follows:
       '4.7.           Evaluation of results
       4.7.1.          At the completion of testing the total sample mass through the filters (M SAM ) shall be recorded. The filters shall be
                       returned to the weighing chamber and conditioned for at least two hours, but not more than 80 hours, and then
                       weighed. The gross weight of the filters shall be recorded. The particulate mass (Pf) is the sum of the particulate
                       masses collected on the primary and back-up filters.
       4.7.2.          For the evaluation of the gaseous emissions chart recording, the last 60 seconds of each mode shall be located, and
                       the average chart reading for HC, CO and N O x over this period shall be determined. The concentration of HC, CO
                       and N O x during each mode shall be determined from the average chart readings and the corresponding calibration
                       data. However a different type of registration can be used if it ensures an equivalent data acquisition.'
       4.8.1 now reads as follows:
       '4.8.1.         The final reported test results of the gaseous emissions shall be derived through the following steps:'.
       In 4.8.2 the first line now reads as follows:
                       'The gaseous emissions shall be calculated in the following way:'.
       After 4.8.2 the following new items 4.8.3, 4.8.4 and 4.8.5 are added:
       '4.8.3.         The particulate emission shall be calculated in the following way. The general equations of this paragraph apply to
                       both full-flow-dilution and partial-flow-dilution systems:
                       „„          A 1 mass
                       PT    =
                                  IPi • WF,
       4.8.3.1.        The particulate mass flow shall be calculated as follows:
                                           Pf • G E D F
                       PT n
                                      M S A M • 1 000
                                         Pf • V " E D F
                       PT
                                       VSAM • 1 000
       4.8.3.2.        GEDf> V" E D F , M S A M and V SAM over the test cycle shall be determined by summation of the average values of the
                       individual modes during the sampling period:
                       G
                         EDF     ~    *- G EDF,i '   W F
                                                         i
                       vEDF      =    rv" E D F ? 1 -wFi
                       M             EM
                         SAM     =        SAM,i
                       V             SV
                         SAM     =       SAM,i
 ---pagebreak--- NoC 187/14                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                         27. 7. 90
    4.8.3.3. The effective weighting factor WF E for each mode shall be calculated in the following way:
                            M
             w ,„             SAM,i ' G E D F
             WFF ;
                            M SAM * u EDF,i
                              ^SAM.i ' V " E D F
             WF E,i
                                           V",
             The value of the effective weighting factors shall be within ± 0,003 of the weighting factors listed in Annex HI, item
             4.8.2.
    4.8.4.   The final reported test results of the particulate emission shall be derived through steps, when using the
             full-flow-dilution system (Annex V, System 4):
    4.8.4.1. The diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate V " T O T over all modes shall be determined. V " T O T j corresponds to
             V" E D F J in the general equations of item 4.8.3.2.
    4.8.4.2. When using a single-dilution system, M S A M is the mass through the sampling filters (GF 1 in Annex V,
             System 4).
    4.8.4.3. When using a double-dilution system, M S A M is the mass through the sampling filters (GF 1 in Annex V, System 4)
             minus the mass of the secondary dilution air (GF 2 in Annex V, System 4).
    4.8.5.   The final reported test results of the particulate emission shall be derived through the following steps, when using
             the partial-flow-dilution system (Annex V, System 5). Since various types of dilution rate control may be used,
             different calculation methods for G ED p or V" E D F apply. All calculations shall be based upon the average values of
             the individual modes during the sampling period.
    4.8.5.1. Fractional sampling type with isokinetic probe.
             V
               EDF,I      =     G E X H ) i ' Qi
                              V
             V"EDF,i      -     "EXH,i ' 1'
                                            +
                                GoiL,i          ( G EXH,i " r )
                                         (G E XH,i ' r )
                              V
                                " D I L , , + ( V " E X H , . • r)
             q
               '          "            ( V ' E X H , , • r)
             where r corresponds to the ratio of the cross sectional areas of the isokinetic probe and exhaust pipe:
    4.8.5.2. Fractional sampling type with CO2 or NO x measurement
             GEDF,I       =     G E X H ; i ' Qi
             V"EDF,i      -    V" E X H ) i " <li
                              Conc E ; - Conc A j
                              Conc D j - Conc A ,
             where Conc E              concentration of the raw exhaust gas
                       Conc D          concentration of the diluted exhaust gas
                       Conc A          concentration of the diluted air
             Concentrations measured on a dry basis shall be converted to a wet basis according to Annex VI.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                     N o C 187/15
       4.8.5.3.      Total sampling type with C0 2 -measurement and carbon balance method
                                            206 • GFuei;1
                       r
                        EDF,i
                                       C02D,i - C02A,i
                     where C 0 2 D = C 0 2 concentration of the diluted exhaust gas
                               C 0 2 A = C 0 2 concentration of the diluted air (concentrations in vol % on wet basis)
                      This equation is based upon the carbon balance assumption (carbon atoms supplied to the engine are emitted as
                      C0 2 ) and derived through the following steps:
                                 =
                      GEDF,I          G E X H,i " 1i
                                               206 • G F u e l ;
                      q;        =
                                     GEXH.I ' (C0 2D>i - C 0 2 A i )
       4.8.5.4.       Total sampling type with mass flow control
                                 =    G
                      G£DF,i            EXH,i ' Q>
                                               GTOTJ
                                        ( G TOT,i "" G
                                                       DIL,i)'
                                                                     ANNEX    V
       The heading now reads as follows:
                                                     'ANALYTICAL AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS'
       1 now reads as follows:
       '1.            Determination of the gaseous emissions
                      Three analytical systems for the determination of the gaseous emissions are described based on the use of:
                      — HFID analyser for the measurement of hydrocarbons,
                      — NDIR analyser for the measurement of carbon monoxide,
                      — CLA, HCLA or equivalent analyser with or without heated sampling line for measurement of nitrogen
                           oxides.'
       After Figure 3 the following new item 2 is added:
       '2.            Determination of the particulate emission
                      The determination of the particulate emission requires a dilution system capable of maintaining the temperature of
                      the diluted exhaust gas at or below 325 K, a particulate sampling system, specified particulate sampling filters, and
                      a microgram balance which shall be placed in an air conditioned weighing chamber. Two principally different
                      dilution and sampling systems (full-flow-dilution system and partial-flow-dilution system) are described. The
                      specification of filters, the balance and the weighing chamber apply to both systems.
       2.1.           Particulate sampling filters
       2.1.1.         Fluorocarbon-coated glass fibre filters or fluorocarbon-based (membrane) filters are required.
       2.1.2.         Particulate filters must have a minimum diameter of 47 mm (37 mm stain diameter). Larger diameter filters are
                      acceptable.
       2.1.3.         The diluted exhaust shall be sampled by a pair of filters placed in series (one primary and one back-up filter) during
                      the test sequence. The back-up filter shall be located no more than 100 mm downstream of, and shall not be in
                      contact with, the primary filter.
       2.1.4.         The recommended minimum loading on a primary 47 mm filter (37 mm stain diameter) is 0,5 milligrams, on a
                      primary 70 mm filter (60 mm stain diameter) 1,3 milligrams.
                      Equivalent minimum loadings of 0,5 m g / 1 0 7 5 m m 2 (i.e. mass/stain area) are recommended for other
                      filters.
 ---pagebreak--- NoC 187/16                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                                 27. 7. 90
    2.2.   Weighing chamber and microgram balance specifications
    2.2.1. The temperature of the chamber (or room) in which the particulate filters are conditioned and weighed shall be
           maintained to within ± 6 K of a set point between 293 and 303 K during all filter conditioning and weighing. The
           relative humidity shall be maintained to within ± 10% relative humidity of a set point between 35 and
           55%.
    2.2.2. The chamber (or room) environment shall be free of any ambient contaminates (such as dust) that could settle on
           the particulate filters during their stabilization. At least two unused reference filters shall be weighed within four
           hours of, but preferably at the same time as, the sample filter weighings. If the average weight of the reference filter
           changes between sample filter weighings by more than ± 6 % of the recommended minimum filter loading, then all
           sample filters shall be discarded and the emissions tests repeated.
           In case of a weight change between — 3 and — 6 % the manufacturer has the option of either repeating the test or
           adding the average amount of weight loss to the net weight of the sample. In case of a weight change between + 3
           and + 6 % the manufacturer has the option of either repeating the test or accepting the measured sample filter
           weight values. If the average weight changes by not more than ± 3 %, the measured sample filter weights shall be
           used. The reference filters shall be the same size and material as the sample filters, and shall be changed at least once
           a month.
    2.2.3. The microgram balance used to determine the weights of all filters shall have a precision (standard deviation) of
           2 % and a readability of 1 % of the recommended minimum filter loading.
    2.3.   Additional specifications
           All parts of the dilution system and the sampling system from the exhaust pipe up to the filter holder, which are in
           contact with raw and diluted exhaust gas must be designed to minimize deposition or alteration of the particulates.
           All parts must be made of electrically conductive material, that does not react with exhaust gas components, and
           must be electrically grounded, to prevent electrostatic effects.
           System 4 (full-flow-dilution system)
           A particulate sampling system is described based upon the dilution of the total exhaust using the CVS (Constant
           Volume Sampling) concept. Figure 4 is a schematic drawing of this system. The total volume of the mixture of
           exhaust and dilution air must be measured, and a sample must be collected for analysis.
           The mass of particulate emissions is subsequently determined from the mass sample collected on a pair of filters,
           the sample flow and the total flow of dilution air and exhaust gas over the test period. Either a PDP or a CFV and a
           single-dilution or a double-dilution system may be used. Gaseous emissions must not be determined with a CVS
           system. The components shall meet the following requirements:
           EP      Exhavst pipe
                   The exhaust pipe length from the exit of the engine exhaust manifold or turbocharger outlet to the dilution
                   tunnel is required to be not more than 10 m. If the system exceeds 4 m in length, then all tubing in excess of
                   4 m shall be insulated. The radial thickness of the insulation must be at least 25 mm. The thermal
                   conductivity of the insulating material must have a value no greater than 0,1 W/mk measured at
                   673 K.
           PDP     Positive displacement pump
                   PDP meters total diluted exhaust flow from the number of the pump revolutions and the pump
                   displacement. The exhaust system backpressure must not be artificially lowered by the PDP or dilution air
                   inlet system. Static pressure measured with the operating CVS system shall remain within ± 1 , 5 kPa of the
                   static pressure measured without connection to the CVS at identical engine speed and load. The gas
                   mixture temperature immediately ahead of the PDP shall be within ± 6 K of the average operating
                   temperature observed during the test, when no flow computation is used.
           CFV     Critical flow venturi
                   CFV measures total diluted flow by maintaining the flow at choked conditions (critical flow). The static
                   pressure variations in the raw exhaust shall conform to the specifications detailed for the PDP. The gas
                   mixture temperature immediately ahead of the CFV shall be within ± 11 K of the average operating
                   temperature observed during the test, when no flow computation is used.
           HE      Heat exchanger (optional, if EFC is used)
                   The heat exchanger shall be of sufficient capacity to maintain the temperature within the limits required
                   above.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                         N o C 187/17
          EFC Electronic flow computation (optional, if HE is used)
              If the temperature at the inlet to either PDP or CFV is not kept constant, a flow computation system is
              required for continuous measurement of the flow rate.
          PDT Primary dilution tunnel
              The primary dilution tunnel shall be:
              — small enough in diameter to cause turbulent flow (Reynolds number greater than 4 000) and of
                   sufficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air,
              — at least 460 mm in diameter with a single-dilution system or at least 200 mm in diameter with a
                   double-dilution system.
              The engine exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point where it is introduced into the primary
              dilution tunnel, and thoroughly mixed.
          SDS Single-dilution system
              The single-dilution method collects a sample from the primary tunnel, and then passes this sample through
              the sampling filters. The flow capacity of the PDP or CFV must be sufficient to maintain the diluted exhaust
              at a temperature of less than or equal to 325 K immediately before the primary particulate filter.
          DDS Double-dilution     system
              The double-dilution method collects a sample from the primary tunnel, and then transfers this sample to a
              secondary dilution tunnel where the sample is further diluted. The doubly-diluted sample is then passed
              through the sampling filters. The flow capacity of the PDP or CFV must be sufficient to maintain the diluted
              exhaust stream in the PDT at a temperature of less than or equal to 464 K at the sampling zone. The
              secondary dilution system must provide sufficient secondary dilution air to maintain the doubly-diluted
              exhaust stream at a temperature of less than or equal to 325 K immediately before the primary particulate
              filter.
          PSP Particulate sample probe (for SDS only)
              The particulate sample probe shall be:
              — installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gas are well mixed (i.e. on the
                   dilution tunnel centre line, approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the
                   exhaust enters the dilution tunnel),
              — 12 mm minimum inside diameter.
              The distance from the probe tip to the filter holder must not exceed 1 020 mm. The sample probe must not
              be heated.
          PTT Particulate transfer tube (for DDS only)
              The particulate transfer tube shall be:
              — installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gas are well mixed (i.e. on the
                   dilution tunnel centre line, approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the
                   exhaust enters the dilution tunnel),
              — 12 mm minimum inside diameter,
              — not more than 910 mm from inlet plane to exit plane.
               The particulate sample shall exit on the centre line of the secondary dilution tunnel and point downstream.
              The transfer tube must not be heated.
          SDT Secondary dilution tunnel (for DDS only),
               The secondary dilution tunnel shall have a minimum diameter of 75 mm, and shall be of sufficient length so
               as to provide a residence time of at least 0,25 seconds for the doubly-diluted sample. The primary filter
               holder shall be located within 300 mm of the exit of the secondary dilution tunnel.
          DAF  Dilution air filter
               The dilution air filtered at the dilution air inlet shall have a temperature of 298 ± 5 K, and may be sampled
               to determine background particulate levels, which can then be subtracted from the values measured in the
               diluted exhaust.
          FH   Filter holder(s)
              For primary and back-up filters one filter housing or separate filter housings may be used. The
              requirements of Annex V, item 2.1.3 have to be met. The filter holders must not be heated.
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 187/18                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                               27. 7. 90
             SP   Sample pump
                  The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas
                  temperature is maintained constant ( ± 3 K), if flow computation is not used. The sample pump(s) shall be
                  running throughout the complete test procedure. A bypass system shall be used for passing the sample
                  through the sampling filters.
             DP   Dilution air pump (for DDS only)
                  The dilution air pump shall be located so that the secondary dilution air is supplied with a temperature of
                  298 ± 5 K.
             GF 1 Gas flow meter (particulate sample flow)
                  The gas meter or flow instrumentation shall be located sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet
                  gas temperature remains constant (± 3 K), if flow computation is not used.
             GF 2 Gas flow meter (dilution air, for DDS only)
                  The gas meter or flow instrumentation shall be located so that the inlet gas temperature remains at 298 ±
                  5K.
                  System 5 (partial-flow-dilution     system)
                  A particulate sampling system is described based upon the dilution of part of the exhaust gas. Figure 5 is a
                  schematic drawing of this system. The mass of particulate emissions is determined from a mass sample
                  collected on a pair of filters and from the dilution ratio, sample flow and exhaust gas flow or fuel flow over
                  the test period. The calculation of the dilution ratio depends upon the type of system used. Only a fraction
                  of the diluted exhaust (fractional sampling type) or all of the diluted exhaust (total sampling type) may be
                  sampled. All types described herein are equivalent as long as they comply with the requirements of
                  Annex III, item 4.6.6 and item 4.8.3.3. The components shall meet the following requirements.
             EP   Exhaust pipe
                  For types without isokinetic probe, it is necessary to have a straight pipe of six pipe diameters upstream and
                  three pipe diameters downstream of the tip of the probe.
                  For a type with isokinetic probe, the exhaust pipe must be free of elbows, bends and sudden diameter
                  changes for at least 15 pipe diameters upstream and four pipe diameters downstream of the tip of the probe.
                  The exhaust gas velocity at the sampling zone must be higher than 10 m/s and lower than 200 m/s.
                  Pressure oscillations of the exhaust gas must not exceed ± 500 Pa on the average. Any steps to reduce
                  pressure oscillations beyond using a chassis-type exhaust system (including muffler) must not alter engine
                  performance nor cause the deposition of particulate.
             PR   Sampling probe
                  The probe shall be installed facing upstream on the exhaust pipe centre line at a point where the above flow
                  conditions are met. The minimum diameter ratio between exhaust pipe diameter and probe diameter shall
                  be 4.
             ISP  Isokinetic sampling probe (optional, if EGA or mass flow control is used)
                  The isokinetic sampling probe must be designed to provide a proportional sample of the raw exhaust gas.
                  To that purpose, ISP replaces PR as described above and has to be connected to a differential pressure
                  transducer and a speed controller, to obtain isokinetic flow at the probe tip. The minimum inside diameter
                  shall be 12 mm.
             EGA  Exhaust gas analyser (optional, if ISP or mass flow control is used)
                  C 0 2 or N O x analysers may be used (with carbon balance method C 0 2 only). The analysers shall be
                  calibrated like the analysers for the measurement of the gaseous pollutants. One or several analysers may be
                  used for the determination of the concentration differences.
             TT    Transfer tube
                  The particulate sample transfer tube shall be:
                  — heated or insulated so that the gas temperature in the transfer tube be not below 423 K. If the gas
                      temperature is below 423 K it shall not be below the exhaust gas temperature,
                  — equal to or greater in diameter than the probe diameter, but not more than 25 mm in diameter,
                  — not more than 1 000 mm from inlet plane to exit plane.
                  The particulate sample shall exit on the centre line of the dilution tunnel and point downstream.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                           No C 187/19
          SC   Speed controller (for ISP only)
               A pressure control system is necessary for isokinetic exhaust splitting by maintaining a differential pressure
               of zero between EP and ISP. Under these conditions, exhaust gas velocities in EP and ISP are identical, and
               the mass flow through ISP is a constant fraction of the exhaust gas flow. The adjustment is done by
               controlling the speed of the suction blower (SB) and keeping the speed of the pressure blower (PB) constant
               during each mode. The remaining error in the pressure control loop must not exceed ± 0 , 5 % of the
               measuring range of the pressure transducer (DPT). The pressure oscillations in the dilution tunnel must not
               exceed ± 250 Pa on the average.
          DPT  Differential pressure transducer (for ISP only)
               The differential pressure transducer shall have a range of ± 500 Pa or less.
          FC 1 Flow controller (dilution air)
               A flow controller is necessary to control the dilution air mass flow. It may be connected to the exhaust flow
               or fuel flow and/or C 0 2 differential signal. When using a pressurized air supply, FC 1 directly controls the
               air flow.
          GF 1 Glas flow meter (dilution air)
               The gas meter or flow instrumentation shall be located so that the inlet gas temperature remains at 298 ±
               5K.
          SB   Suction blower (for fractional sampling type only)
          PB   Pressure blower
               To control the dilution air mass flow rate, PB has to be connected to FC 1. Exhaust flow or fuel flow
               and/or C 0 2 differential signals may be used as command signals. PB ist not required, when using a
               pressurized air supply.
          DAF  Dilution air filter
               The dilution air may be filtered at the dilution air inlet, shall have a temperature of 298 + 5 K, and may be
               sampled to determine background particulate levels, which can then be subtracted from the values
               measures in the diluted exhaust.
          DT   Dilution tunnel
               The dilution tunnel shall be:
               — small enough in diameter to cause turbulent flow (Reynolds number greater than 4 000) and of
                   sufficient length to cause complete mixing of the exhaust and dilution air,
               — at least 25 mm in diameter for the total sampling type,
               — at least 75 mm in diameter for the fractional sampling type.
               The engine exhaust shall be directed downstream at the point where it is introduced into the dilution
               tunnel, and thoroughly mixed with the dilution air by means of a mixing orifice. For fractional systems, the
               mixing quality shall be checked after introduction into service by means of a C0 2 -profile of the tunnel with
               the engine running (at least six equally spaced measuring points).
          PSS  Particulate sampling system
               The particulate sampling system must be configured so as to collect a sample from the dilution tunnel and to
               pass this sample through the sampling filters (fractional sampling type), or to pass all of the diluted exhaust
               through the sampling filters (total sampling type). In order to avoid any impact on the control loo£>s, it is
               recommended that the sample pump be running throughout the complete test procedure. A bypass system
               with a ball valve between the sample probe and the filter holder shall be used for passing the sample through
               the sampling filters at the desired times. Interference of the switching procedure on the control loops must
               be corrected within less than three seconds.
          PSP  Particulate sample probe (for fractional sampling type only)
               The particulate sample probe shall be:
               — installed facing upstream at a point where the dilution air and exhaust gas are well mixed (i.e. on the
                   dilution tunnel centre line, approximately 10 tunnel diameters downstream of the point where the
                   exhaust enters the dilution tunnel),
               — 12 mm minimum inside diameter.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 187/20                     Official Journal of the European Communities                                              27. 7. 90
            PTT  Particulate transfer tube
                 The particulate transfer tube must not be heated and shall not exceed 1 020 mm in length:
                 — for the fractional sampling type from the probe tip to the filter holder,
                 — for the total sampling type from the end of the dilution tunnel to the filter holder.
            FH   Filter holder(s)
                 For primary and back-up filters one filter housing or separate filter housings may be used. The
                 requirements of Annex V, 2.1.3 have to be met. The filter holders must not be heated.
            SP   Sample pump
                 The particulate sample pump shall be located sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet gas
                 temperature is maintained constant (± 3 K), if flow computation is not used.
            FC 2 Flow controller (particulate sample flow,   optional)
                 A flow controller may be used, in order to improve accuracy of the particulate sample flow rate.
            GF 2 Gas flow meter (particulate sample flow)
                 The gas meter or flow instrumentation shall be located sufficiently distant from the tunnel so that the inlet
                 gas temperature remains constant ( ± 3 K), if flow computation is not used.
            BV   Ball valve
                 The ball valve shall have a diameter no less than the sampling tube and a switching time of less than 0,5
                 seconds.'
 ---pagebreak---                            Blower
         Figure 4
Full-flow-dilution system.
 ---pagebreak--- GFUEL
                                            Raw Exhaust
                                            Gas
Some components are optional, refer to text
                                                                   Figure S
                                                        Partial-flow-dilution system.
 ---pagebreak--- 27. 7. 90                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                                  No C 187/23
                                                              ANNEX     VIII
                                                                (MODEL)
                                                EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
              In the Appendix, item 1.4 now reads as follows:
              '1.4.         Emission levels
                            CO                                                   g/kWh
                            HC                                                   g/kWh        determined by a full/partial
                            NO                                                   g/kWh        flow system.'
                            PT                                                   g/kWh
              Proposal for a Commission Regulation (EEC) concerning administrative cooperation in the field of
                                                            indirect taxation
                                                   COM(90) 183 final — SYN 275
                                          (Submitted by the Commission on 17 May 1990)
                                                             (90/C 187/04)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,                                of frontier controls in accordance with the aims set out in
                                                                        Article 8a of the Treaty, and not to harmonize fiscal
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European                   provisions in the sense of Article 100a (2); whereas it is
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100a                      moreover necessary that the transitional taxation system
thereof,                                                                 should be effectively established without risks of fraud which
                                                                        might lead to distortions of competition;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
In cooperation with the European Parliament,
                                                                        Whereas Member States nevertheless have a continuing need
                                                                        to exercise controls over intra-Community traffic in goods
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social
                                                                         and services similar to those which they exercise over
Committee,
                                                                         domestic transactions affected by indirect tax obligations;
Whereas the establishment of the internal market in                     whereas lack of such controls can lead to tax evasion and tax
accordance with Article 8 a of the Treaty requires the                   avoidance extending across the frontiers of Member States
creation of an area without internal frontiers in which the              with consequent budgetary losses, violation of the principles
free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is                 of fair taxation and distortion of conditions of competition
ensured; whereas the free movement of goods, persons and                 between Member States;
services requires, in particular, the elimination of
customs-related controls within the Community;
                                                                         Whereas collaboration between indirect tax administrations
Whereas in order to give full effect to the abolition of frontier        within the Community, and between such administrations
controls while avoiding fiscal revenue losses for Member                 and the Commission, should therefore be strengthened in
States, the fiscal harmonization measures taken for                      accordance with common principles and rules to ensure the
completion of the internal market and for the transitional               establishment and the functioning of the internal market;
period require the establishment of a common system of
administrative cooperation between the competent
authorities of the Member States;                                        Whereas in making the appropriate arrangements for
                                                                         carrying out administrative cooperation the Member States
Whereas the provisions of this Regulation which provide for              shall pay particular attention to the need for validation and
this cooperation system are designed to permit the abolition             verfication of intra-Community transactions in goods and