CELEX: 51992PC0201
Language: en
Date: 1992-05-14
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the burning behaviour of materials used in interior construction of certain categories of motor vehicle

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                           COM(92) 201 final - SYN 417
                                           Brussels, 14 May 1992
                            Proposal for a
                          COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
        on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
       relating to the burning behaviour of materials used in
    interior construction of certain categories of motor vehicle
                    (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                                                         z
                                           EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
This proposal for a directive concerns the approximation of the laws of the
Member states relating to the fire behaviour of materials used in interior
construction of certain categories of motor vehicles.
The historical background, justification and contents of this proposal are set
out below.
I. Historical Background
1. The framework procedure governing the EEC type approval of motor vehicles
    and trailers at Community level, which is dealt with in Council Directive
    70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 1 ) includes, inter alia, a point on special
    provisions for public transport vehicles (point 12.2 of Annex I I ) .
    It requires the adoption of one or more separate Directives in which
    technical requirements and test methods will be determined which, in
    particular, buses and coaches must fulfil in respect of their construction
    and equipment if EEC approval for these aspects or for these types of
    vehicle is applied for.
2. In 1985, the Commission invited its Working Group on Elimination of
    Technical Barriers to Trade - Motor Vehicles to study inter alia the scope
    for new Community measures to eliminate existing technical barriers while
    at the same time improving road safety.                                  An ad-hoc group was formed with
    the mandate to draft relevant proposals : ERGA - safety.
1) Q.J. L42, 23.2.1970, p.l
                                      Rua da l a L o i 2 0 0 , H - 1049 B r u s s a l s .
 Talapliona: d i r . c t l i n a 21 s t a n d a r d 2 J S 11 11 T a l a x : CuHEU f» 21B77 Ta l e q i a p l u e a d d r a u s : CONCUR H m o i t l i
     dacra/KB/DIRECT/«081-9 0anl
 ---pagebreak---    This group presented its final report on September 1st, 1989 (Doc.
   111/4257/89, ERGA s/190 final).  It included the technical Annexes which
   have been used to draft the present proposal for a directive.
3. European Parliament has repeatedly urged the commission to improve the
   safety of buses and coaches, inter alia after a number of severe accidents
   where coaches caught fire and passengers were killed, in various Member
   states.
4. While some Member States already operate relevant requirements, others
   notified the Commission of plans to introduce them, under Directive
   83/189/EEC.  Consequently, the Commission announced to submit a proposal
   for a Directive to the Council, which is annexed.
II Justification
   The presently existing directives relating to motor vehicles do not cover
   the fire behaviour of materials used inside the body work of buses and
   coaches.  Studies show that in accidents where the crash severity is rather
   limited and not generally life threatening, the risk of fire in the
   interior may be nevertheless important.  This is especially a cause of
   concern in buses and coaches where the number of passengers may cause
   relatively long escape times.
   Apart from requirements on the number and size of doors and their
   accessability, with which the Commission intends to deal in a forthcoming
   proposal, the fire behaviour of the materials used for seat upholstery,
   roof linings, floor cover etc. need to be governed in order to allow for
   sufficient escape time for passengers.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                              7
   The experts concluded that such requirements are essentially needed for
   larger buses and coaches which can carry more than 16 passengers while not
   being designed for standing passengers (urban use); urban buses are
   required to allow proper evacuation by their lay-out.
III.  Contents of the Proposal
1. Enacting Terms.
   The enacting terms basically follow the same lines which are included in
   similar directives adopted for this sector.
   The only exception is in articles 5 and 6.  Here, having regard to the
   provisions of the Single Act which provide for a delegation of powers to
   the Commission in order to proceed with the task of adaption to technical
   progress, the proposal thus retains the Advisory Committee procedure and
   not that of the Regulatory Committee.
2. Technical Annexes.
   The annexes to the proposed directive are designed to cover all materials
   used inside the bodywork of buses and coaches as far as their fire
   behaviour is concerned (i.e. ignitability, behaviour, horizontal or
   vertical burning rate).  The proposal is largely based on existing
   requirements and standards, including well known test procedures, notably
   stemming from France, the F.R. of Germany and the United Kingdom, but
   including proposals coming from other Member states.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                         -X
Although article 1 refers to all "M3" vehicles (buses and coaches with more
than 8 passenger seats and a GVW over 5 tonnes), the scope in Annex I
limits the application of the annexes to vehicles for more than 16
passengers, and excludes vehicles designed for standing passengers. The
reason for this exclusion is in the comparitively high escape rate (or
short evacuation time) and thus limited risk to occupants, proven by
accident statistics.
Three Annexes IV, V and VI outline different teste to be performed as
prescribed in paragraph 5 of Annex I, depending on the typical use of the
material (e.g. roof lining, seat upholstery, curtains).  Annex II gives a
model for an EEC certificate, to become part of the vehicle type approval
certificate provided for in Directive 70/156/EEC.
 ---pagebreak---      PROPOSAL FOR A
                                COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
      on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
         burning behaviour of materials used In interior construction of
                     of certain categories of motor vehicle.
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in
particular Article 100 A thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,1)
in cooperation with the European Parliament,2)
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee3),
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressively
establishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December 1992;
Whereas the internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in
which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured;
Whereas the technical requirements which certain vehicle categories must satisfy
pursuant to national law relate, inter alia, to the burning behaviour of       s
materials used in interior construction of certain categories of motor vehicle;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another;
1) 0J N° C...
2) 0J N° ...
3) 0J N° ...
 ---pagebreak---                                                                       ?
Whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same
requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules in order,
In particular, to allow the EEC type-approval procedure which was the subject of
the Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the
laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and
their trailers 4 ), as last amended by Directive 87/403/EEC, to be introduced in
respect of each type of vehicle;
Whereas, with a view to ensuring occupant and road safety, it is important that
the materials used in the cnstruction of the inside of bus - and coach -
bodywork satisfy minimum requirements in order to avoid or at least retard
development of flames such that it allows occupants to evacuate the vehicle in
case of fire;
Whereas, for practical reasons, it is felt necessary to provide for different
periods of application for new type-approvals and for all new vehicles;
Whereas the approximation of national   laws relating to motor vehicles entails
the mutual recognition by Member States    of the inspections carried out by each
of them on the basis of common requirements,
4) 0J N° L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1
 ---pagebreak---                                                                       3
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE
                                    Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive "vehicle" means any motor vehicle in category
M3, as defined in Annex I to Directive 70/156/EEC, designed for use on the
road and with a maximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h.
                                     Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national type-approval
in respect of a vehicle, or refuse or prohibit its sale, registration, entry
into service or use on grounds relating to the burning behaviour of materials
used in interior construction of its bodywork if it satisfies the requirements
set out in Annexes I, IV, V and VI.
                                     Article 3
1.   With effect from 1 October 1993 Member States :
-    may no longer issue the document provided for in Article 10 (1), third
      indent, of Directive 70/156/EEC in respect of a type of vehicle which does
     not meet the requirements of this Directive,
-    may refuse to grant national type-approval in respect of a type of vehicle
     which does not comply with the provisions of this Directive.
2.   With effect from 1 October 1994 Member States may prohibit the first entry
      into service of vehicles which do not comply with the provisions of this
     Direct ive.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                       3
                                    Article 4
A Member State which has granted EEC type-approval shall take the measures
necessary to ensure that it is informed of any modification to a part or
characteristic referred to In the Annexes.  The competent authorities of that
Member State shall determine whether fresh tests should be carried out on the
modified type and a fresh report drawn up.  Where such tests reveal that the
requirements of this Directive have not been complied with, the modification
shall not be authorized.
                                    Article 5
Any amendments necessary in order to adapt the requirements of the Annexes to
this Directive so as to take account of technical progress shall be adopted by
the Commission in accordance wih the procedure laid down in Article 6.
                                    Article 6
The Commission shall be assisted by the committee established under Article 12
of Directive 70/156/EEC.
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of
the measures to be taken.  The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft
within a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of
the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.
The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State
shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes.
The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the
committee.  It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has
been taken into account.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      -7o
                                    Article 7
1.   Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
     administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive not later
     than 1 October 1992. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2.   When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall contain a reference
     to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of
     their official publication. The procedure for such reference shall be
     adopted by Member States.
                                    Article 8
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at
                                                             For the CounciI
                                                              The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                1 A
Contents
Annex I: SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR EEC APPROVAL.
          EEC CERTIFICATE, SPECIFICATIONS. TESTS.
          CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION.
1.   Scope
2.   Definitions
3.   Application for EEC approval
4.   EEC certificate
5.   Specifications
6.   Modification of the vehicle type
7.   Conformity of production
8.   Penalties for non-conformity of production
 Annex II : Information Document
Annex III MODEL EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Annex IV      TEST TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL BURNING RATE
              OF MATERIALS
1.   Principle
2.   Apparatus
3.   Samples
4.   Procedure
5.   Calculation
Annex V : TEST TO DETERMINE THE MELTING BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
 1.  Principle
 2.  Apparatus
 3.  Samples
A.   Procedure
 5.  Results
Annex V I L E S T TO DETERMINE THE VERTICAL BURNING RATE OF
           MATERIALS
 1.   Principle
 2.  Apparatus
 3.   Samples
 A.   Procedure
 5.   Results
 ---pagebreak---                                     Annex I
       SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, APPLICATION FOR EEC APPROVAL, EEC APPROVAL,
       SPECIFICATIONS, TESTS, CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION.
1.     SCOPE
       This Directive applies to the burning behaviour (ignitability and burning
       rate) of interior materials used in vehicles of category M-j having more
       than 16 passengers, not being either designed for standing passengers or
       intended for urban use.
2.     DEFINITIONS
       For the purpose of this Directive;
2.1. . "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard
       to the burning behaviour of the interior materials used in the passenger
       compartment.
2.2.   "Vehicle type" means a category of power-driven vehicles which do not
       differ in such essential respects as:
2.2.1. The interior materials used in the passenger compartment.
2.2.2. The mass of the interior materials used, in so far as they have an
       effect on the performance prescribed in this Directive.
2.2.3. The optional arrangements or fittings in so far as they have no detrimen-
       tal effect on the performance prescribed in this Directive.
2.3.   "Passenger compartment" means the space for occupant accommodation
        (including bar, kitchen, toilet, etc.), bounded by:
       - the roof,
       - the floor,
        - the sidewalls,
       - the doors,
        - the outside glazing,
       - the rear compartment bulkhead, or the plane of the rear seatback
          support,
 ---pagebreak---         - at the driver's side of the longitudinal vertical median plane of the
          vehicle, the vertical transversal plane through the driver's
          R-point   *),
        — at the near side of the longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle, the
          front bulkhead.
  2-4-  "Seat** means a structure which may or may not be integral with the
        vehicle structure complete with trim, intended to seat one adult person.
        The term covers both an individual seat or part of a bench seat intended
        to seat one adult person.
  2.5-  "Group of seats'* means either a bench-type seat, or seats which are
        separate but side by side (i.e. with the foremost anchorages of one seat
        in line with or forward of the rearmost anchorages and in line with or
        behind the foremost anchorages of another seat) and which accommodate one
        or more seated adult persons.
  2-6-  "Bench seat" means a structure complete with trim, intended to seat more
        than one adult person.
  2-7-  "Burning rate" The quotient of the burnt distance measured according to
        annex III (or V) to this Directive and the time taken to burn this
        distance. It is expressed in millimetres per minute.
  2-8-  "Composite material" A material composed of several layers of similar or
        different materials intimately held together at their surfaces by
        cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc.
        When different materials are connected together intermittently (for
        example, by sewing, high-frequency welding, riveting), 6uch materials
        shall not be considered as composite materials.
  2.9-  "Exposed face" The side of a material which Is facing towards the passen-
        ger compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.
  2.10. "Upholstery" The combination of Interior padding and surface, finish mate-
        rial which together constitute the cushioning of the seat frame.
  2.11- "Interior lining(s)" Material(s) that (together) constitute(s) the sur-
        face finish and substrate of a roof, wall or floor.
|J       ) See Annex IV of 74/60/EEC, AS     O.\^{U^\<L\.
i
 ---pagebreak---                                                                             A^f
3.     APPLICATION FOR EEC APPROVAL
3.1.   The application for EEC approval of the vehicle type with regard to the
       burning behaviour of the materials used in the passenger compartment
       shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited
       representative.
3.2.   It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate
       and the following particular.*:
3.2.1. A detailed description, including at least a colour photography, of each
        interior material used in the passenger compartment of the vehicle type
       with respect to its location in the vehicle, to its composition and to
        its colour, if applicable, each component being separately described.
3.3.   From the interior materials used in the vehicle, which is representative
        of the type to be approved, samples shall be submitted to the technical
       service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
4.     EEC CERTIFICATE
4.1.   A vehicle shall be type approved if the interior materials used in the
       passenger compartment of the vehicle, as mentioned in paragraphs 5.2,
        5.3, and 5.4 to this annex, meet the requirements respectively mentioned
        in paragraphs 5.2.1, 5.3.1, and 5.4.1 to this annex.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        1s
5.     SPECIFICATIONS
5.1.   The interior materials of the passenger compartment used In the
       vehicle to be type approved shall be submitted to one or more of the
       tests mentioned in annexes JV, V and VI to this Directive.
5.2.   From the following material(s) 5 samples in the case of an isotropic
       material or 10 samples In the case of a non-isotropic material (5 for
       each direction), shall be submitted to the test described in Annex iv
       to this Directive:
       - aaterial(s) used for the upholstery of any seat and its accessories
          (including the driver's seat);
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof;
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of the side and rear vails,
          including separation walls;
        - materials with thermal and/or acoustic function;
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of the floor;
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of luggage - racks, heating
          and ventilation pipes;
        - material(s) used for the luminaries.
        Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the competent authority
        for future reference purposes.
5.2.1.  The result of the test shall be considered satisfactory if, taking the
       worst test results into account, the horizontal burning rate is not
       more than 100 mm/min or if the flame extinguishes before reaching the
        last measuring point.
 5.3.   From the following material(s) 4 samples, for both faces (If they are
        not identical), shall be submitted to the test described in Annex IV
        to this Directive:
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof;
        - material(s) used for the interior lining of the luggage-racks, heating
          and ventilation pipes situated in the roof;
        - material(s) used for the luminaries situated in the luggage-racks
          and/or roof.
        Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the competent authority
        for future reference purposes.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               1G
5.3.1.   The result of the test, described in Annex IV to this Directive, shall
          be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test results into ac-
          count, no drop is formed which ignites the cotton wool.
5.4-      3 samples in the case of an Isotropic material, or 6 samples in the case
          of a non-isotropic material, of the material(s) used for the curtains
          and blinds (and/or other hanging materials) shall be submitted to the
          test described in annex V to this Directive.
          Furthermore, one sample shall be submitted to the competent authority
          for future reference purposes.
5-4.1.    The result of the test, described in annex V to this Directive, shall
          be considered satisfactory if, taking the worst test results Into
          account, the vertical burning rate is not more than 100 mm/min.
5-5-      Materials which are not to be submitted to the test described in the
          annexes IV   to VI ire:
5-5-1.    parts made of metal or glass;
5-5-2-    each individual seat accessory with a mass of non metallic material
          less than 200 g. If the total mass of these accessories exceeds 400 g
          of non metallic material per seat, then each material must be tested;
5.5.3.    elements of which the surface area or the volume does not exceed
          respectively:
                 2          3
 5.5.3-1- 100 cm   or 40 cm     for the elements which are connected to an indivi-
          dual seating place;
                 2            3
5.5.3.2. 300 cm    or 120 cm     per seat row and, at a maximum, per linear metre of
           the interior of the passenger compartment for these elements which are
          distributed in the vehicle and which are not connected to an individual
           seating place;
 5-5.4.    electric cables;
 5.5.5.    elements for which it Is not possible to extract a sample in. the
           prescribed dimensions as specified in par. 3.1 of Annex IV , par. 3 of
           Annex  V and par. 3-1 of AnnexVI.
 ---pagebreak--- 6.       MODIFICATION OF THE VEHICLE TYPE
6.1.     Any modification to the materials used within the Interior of the pas-
         senger compartment shall be brought to the notice of the administrative
         department granting approval. The department may then either:
6-1.1.     Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an
           appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still
           complies with the requirements; or
6-1-2.     Require the technical service responsible for conducting the tests
           to submit the new materials to the test(s), which is/are applicable
           described in the annexes to this Directive.
6.2-       Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations,
           shall be communicated to the Member States, by the form specified
           in annex III.
7.         CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
7.1.       Every vehicle prescribed under this Directive shall conform to the
           approved vehicle type, more particularly as regards features
           affecting the burning behaviour of Interior materials, and shall
           meet the requirements of paragraph 5 of this annex.
7-2-       The manufacturer shall carry out production inspections, tests or
           any checks which he deems necessary on components or pieces of
           equipment so as to ensure the conformity required in paragraph 7.1.
           above.
7.2.1.     The results of these checks and tests shall be kept at the disposal
           of the administrative department which granted the approval. In case
           of doubt, the department may:
7.2.1.1.    Require the repetition of 6ome of the tests or checks already
            carried out by the' manufacturer; or
7.2-1.2.    Require the carrying out of:
7.2-1.2-1. a test, depending on the application of the Interior material, in
            comformity with annexes IV, V and VI.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                              ^£
7.2-1-2-2- a test defined by the technical service on one or several components
           or pieces of equipment.
7-2.2-     If after the above checks It still appears that conformity is not
           certain, the administrative department may require a complete test,
           as required for approval of the vehicle type, to be carried out.
8-         PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
8.1-       The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this
           Directive may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in paragraph
           7-1- above is not complied with or if the vehicle or vehicles selec-
           ted have failed to pass the checks prescribed in paragraph 7.2.
           above.
8.2-       If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted,
           it shall forthwith so notify the other Member States, by means of
           a copy of the approval form bearing at the end in large letters the
           signed and dated statement "APPROVAL WITHDRAWN".
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     1 <3)
                                       Annex 11
                         Informat ion document No
                pursuant to Annex I of Council Directive 70/156/EEC
          relating to EEC type Approval of a vehicle with respect to the
     burning behaviour of materials used in interior construction of coaches
0. GENERAL
0.1   Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2    Type and commercial description(s):
0.3    Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle^)
0.4    Category of vehicle (see Annex II of 70/156/EEC):
0.5    Name and address of manufacturer:
1. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE
1.1    Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle
1.1.1 Photographs of the interior equipment and materials used in coaches
2.8    Technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer
       (max. and min. for each version):
2.8.1 Distribution of this mass among the axles and, in the case of a semi-
       trailer, load on the fifth wheel coupling pin (max. and min. for each
       version):
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     2o
13.   Burning behaviour of materials used in interior construction of coaches
13.1  Material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof
      Type, marking and colour :
      Composite/single1* material, number of layers * 1 *
      Type of coat Ing*1*:
      Maximum/minimum thickness               mm
13.2  Material(s) used for the rear and side walls
      Type, marking and colour :
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coat Ing*1*
      Maximum/minimum thickness               mm
13.3  Material(s) used for the floor
      Type, marking and colour :
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coating*1*
      Maximum/minimum thickness               mm
13.4  Material(s) used for the upholstery of the seats
      Type, marking and colour :
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coating*1*
      Max imum/minimum thickness              mm
13.5  Materia I(s) used for luggage racks, heating and ventilation pipes
      Type, marking and colour :
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coat ing*1*
      Max imum/minimum thickness              mm
Date, File
1) if applicable
 ---pagebreak---                           ANNEX I I I
                                                           e
                                M O D E L
                 (maximum f o r m a t : A4 ( 2 1 0 x 297))
                    EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning      the
          - type-approval(1)
          - extension of type-approval(1)
          - refusal of type-approval0}
          - withdrawal of type approval(1>
of a type of a vehicle with regard to Directive
                        (2)
Type-approval number
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1       Make (trade name of manufacturer):
0.2       Type and commercial description(s):
0.3       Means of identification of type if marked on the
          vehicle (3):
0.3.1     Location of that marking:
0.4       Category of vehicle:
0.5       Name and address of manufacturer:
SECTION II
1.        Additional information (where applicable) : See
          Appendix I
2.        Technical service responsible for carrying out the
          tests:
 3.       Date of test report:
4.        Number of test report:
5.        Remarks (if any): See Appendix I
6.        Place:
7.         Date:
8.        Signature:
9.        The index to the information package lodged with the
          competent authority that has granted type approval,
          which may be obtained on request, is attached.
 c1>
     Delete where not applicable
 ---pagebreak---                                                        2
                                                         e
(2}
    In the case of components the EEC type-approval number
    appearing on this document shall consist of all sections
    outlined in Annex VII to Directive 70/156/EEC, as last
    amended by Directive .../.../EEC. The component itself shall
    be marked as prescribed in the relevant separate Directive.
(3)
    If the means of identification of type contains characters
    not relevant to describe the vehicle, component or separate
    technical unit types covered by this information document/
    type-approval certificate such characters shall be
    represented in the documentation by the symbol:
    "?" (e.g. ABC??123??) .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        <?3
                                        Append i x I
                to EEC type-approval certificate no
             concerning the type approval of a vehicle with regard to
                                   Directive .../...EEC
1.    Additional information
1.1.  Burning behaviour of materials used In interior construction of coaches
1.2.  Material(s) used for the interior lining of the roof
      Type, mark i ng and coIour :
      Composite/single1* material, number of layers * 1 *
      Type of coat ing*1*:
      Max imum/minimum th ickness                   mm
      Burning rate :                        mm/min
1.3.  Materia I(s) used for the rear and side walls
      Type, mark i ng and coIour
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coat ing*1*:
      Max imum/minimum thickness                     mm
      Burning rate :                        mm/min
1.4.  Material(s) used for the floor
      Type, mark ing and coIour
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coating*1*
      Max imum/m i n i mum th i ckness                  mm
      Burning rate :                                 mm/min
1.5.  Material(s) used for the upholstery of the seats
      Type, marking and colour
      Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
      Type of coat ing*1*
      Maximum/minimum thickness                      mm
      Burning rate :                                 mm/min
1) if applIcable
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        w
                                                                         7
1.6. Material(s) used for luggage racks, heating and ventilation pipes
     Type, marking and colour
     Composite/single*1* material, number of layers*1*
     Type of coat Ing*1*
     Maximum/minimum thickness
     Burning rate :                                       mm/min
1.7. Maximum authorized mass, of the vehicle :            t
1.8. Number of passenger seats :
5.   Remarks :
 ---pagebreak---                                                              ^s
                          Annex IV
     TEST TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL BURNING RATE OF MATERIALS
1.   PRINCIPLE
     A sample Is held horizontally In a U-shaped holder and Is exposed to
     the action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 s. in a combustion
     chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample. The test
     determines if and when the flame extinguishes or the time in which
     the flame passes a measured distance.
2.   APPARATUS
2.1. Combustion chamber (figure 1), preferably of stainless steel and
     having the dimensions given in figure 2. The front of the chamber
     contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the
     front and which can be constructed as an access panel.
     The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent
     slot all around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet,
      10 mm high.
     The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the
     sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is
     provided for the gas line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see
     figure 3) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent
     holes without covering any vent hole area.
 ---pagebreak--- ^ ---pagebreak--- M ---pagebreak---                                                                                    ^
2.2.     Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of
         corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in figure 4.
         The lower plate is equipped with pins, the upper one w i t h corres-
         ponding holes in order to ensure a consistent h o l d i n g o f the sample.
         The pins also serve as the measuring points at the beginning and end
         of the burning distance.
         A support shall b e provided in the form o f 0.25 mm diameter heat
         resistant wires spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the
        bottom U-shaped frame (see figure 5 ) .
        The plane of the lower side of samples shall b e 178 mm above the
         floor plate. The distance of the front edge o f the sample holder
        from the end of the chamber shall be 22 mm; the distance of the
        longitudinal sides of the sample holder from the sides o f the
        chamber shall b e 50 mm (all inside d i m e n s i o n s ) .
         (See figures 1 and 2 ) .
        first measuring                 last measuring
              point                         point                   Ol»*«*«w<oni In mflllmatra*
                                                                         S * 45*    / - C o w plata
            \    n
                               JL
            1
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                              jaa.
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                    127 ± o.a
              38              254 1 0.2
                              (356)
                                 361
                             FIGU*£4-taamalia*i
 ---pagebreak--- ^3 ---pagebreak---                                                                     3
2.3.   Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner
       having an inside diameter of 9.5 + 0.5 mm. It is located in the
       test cabinet so that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the
       centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see figure
       2).
2.4.   Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner shall have a calorific
       value near 38 MJ/m^ (for example natural gas).
2.5.   Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight smooth
       rounded teeth per 25 mm.
2.6.   Stop-watch, accurate to 0.5 s.
2.7.   Fume cupboard. The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume cup-
       board assembly provided that the internal volume is at least 20
       times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the
       combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, or
       length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2 1/2 times
       either of the other two dimensions.
       Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume
       cupboard shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final
       position where the combustion chamber will be located. It shall be
       between 0.10 and 0.30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by
       combustion products, to the operator. It is possible to use a fume
       cupboard with a natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
       SAMPLES
3.1.   Shape and dimensions
3.1.1. The shape and dimensions of samples are given in figure 6.
       The thickness of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the
       product to be tested. It shall not be more than 13 mm. When taking
        the sample permits, the sample shall have a constant section over
        its entire length.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        31
                                               Dimamlont In mUMmatrat
            38              254                    ."
                   127
                                                      O
       o
       £
              -Jk
              4-
                            h
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                       FIGURE 0 -
3.1.2.   If the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a
         sample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions shall be
         maintained:
         a) For samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length shall be
            356 mm. In this case the material is tested in the product's
            width.
         b) For samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length shall be
            at least 138 mm.       In this case the potential burning distance
            corresponds to the length of the sample, the measurement starting
            at the first measuring point.
 ---pagebreak---                                                          3^
3.2- Sampling
     The samples shall be taken from the material under test.
     In materials having different burning rates in different material
     directions, each direction has to be tested. The samples are to be
     taken and placed in the test apparatus so that the highest burning
     rate will be measured.
     When the material is supplied in widths, a length of at least 500 mm
     shall be cut covering the entire width. From this the samples shall
     be taken so as to be at least 100 mm from the material edge and
     equidistant from each other.
     Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products, when
     the shape of the product permits. When the thickness of the product
     is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical
     process applied to the side which does not face the occupant
     compartment. If it is Impossible, the test shall be carried out, in
     accordance with the Technical Service, on the initial width of the
     material which shall be mentioned in the test report.
     Composite materials (see 2.8. of annex 1) shall be tested as if they
     were of uniform construction.
     In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different
     composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of
     material included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing
     towards the passenger compartment shall be tested individually.
3.3* Conditioning
     The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 h but not more than
     7 days at a temperature of 23 + 2°C and a relative, humidity of
     50 + 5Z and shall be maintained under these conditions until
     Immediately prior to testing.
4.   PROCEDURE
4.1. Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface and
     comb twice against the nap using the comb (2.5.)*
 ---pagebreak---                                                           2a
4.2. Place the sample in the sample holder (2.2.) so that the exposed
     side will be downwards to the flame.
4.3. Adjust the gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the
     chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed. Before starting
     the first test, the flame shall burn at least for 1 min for stabi-
     lization.
4.4. Push the sample-holder into the combustion chamber so that the end
     of the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 s cut off the
     gas flow.
4.5. The measurement of the burning time starts at the moment when the
     foot of the flame passes the first measuring point. Observe the
     flame propagation on the side burning faster than the other
     (upper or lower side).
4.6. Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come to
     the last measuring point or when the flame extinguishes before
     coming to the last measuring point. If the flame does not reach the
     last measuring point, measure the burnt distance up to the point
     where the flame extinguished.   Burnt distance is the decomposed part
     of the sample, which is destroyed on its surface or in the interior
     by burning.
4.7. In so far as the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning
     after the burner has been extinguished, or when the flame extingui-
     shes before reaching the first measuring point, so that no burning
      time is measured note in the test report that the burning rate is
     0 mm/min.
4.8. When running a series of tests or repeat tests, ensure that the
     combustion chamber and sample holder have a maximum temperature of
      30*C before starting the next test.
 ---pagebreak---                                                    2
                                                     V
CALCULATION
The burning rate, B*t in millimetres per minute, is given by the
formula.
                           s
                       B - - x 60
                           t
where
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres;
t is the time, in seconds, to burn distance s
* The burning rate (B) for each sample is only calculated in the case
  where the flame reaches the last measuring point or the end of the
  sample
 ---pagebreak---                                Annex V
              TEST TO DETERMINE THE MELTING BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS
     PRINCIPLE.
     A sample Is placed in a horizontal position and Is exposed to an
     electric radiator. A receptacle is positioned under the specimen
     to collect the resultant drops.
     Some cotton wool is put in this receptacle in order to verify if
     ar.y drop is flaming.
     APPARATUS.
     The apparatus shall consist of (figure 1)
     a) an electric radiator
     b) a support for the sample with grill
     c) a receptacle (for resultant drops)
     d) a support (for the apparatus)
2.1. The source of heat is an electric radiator with a useful output of
     500 W. The radiating surface must be made of a transparent quartz
     plate with a diameter of 100 + 5 mm.
     The radiated heat from the apparatus, measured on a surface which is
     situated parallel to the surface of the radiator at a distance of
     30 mm, shall be 3 W/cm^.
2.2. Calibration.
     For calibration of the radiator, a heat flux meter (radiometer) of
     the Gardon (foil) type with a design range not exceeding 10 W/cra^
     shall be used.
     The target receiving radiation, and possibly to a small extent
     convection, shall be flat, circular, not more than 10 mm In diameter
     and coated with a durable matt black finish. The target shall be
     contained within a watercooled body the front face of which shall be
     of highly polished metal, flat, coinciding with the plane of the
     target and circular, with a diameter of about 25 mm.
 ---pagebreak---                                                               3C
       Radiation shall not pass through any window before reaching the
       target. The instrument shall be robust, simple to set up and use,
       insensitive to draughts, and stable in calibration. The instrument
       shall have an accuracy of within + 3 % and a repeatability within
       0.5 %.
       The calibration of the heat flux meter shall be checked whenever a
       recalibration of the radiator is carried out, by comparison with an
       instrument held as a reference standard and not used for any other
       purpose. The reference standard instrument shall be fully calibrated
       at yearly Intervals in accordance with a national standard.
2.2.1. Calibration check.
       The irradiance produced by the power input which the initial
       calibration has shown to correspond to an irradiance of 3 W/cm^ shall
       be frequently checked (at least once every 50 operating hours) and
       the apparatus shall be recalibrated if such a check reveals a
       deviation greater than 0.06 W/cm^.
2.2.2. Calibration procedure.
       The apparatus shall be placed in an environment essentially free of
       air currents (not more than 0.2 m/s).
       Place the heat flux meter in the apparatus in the specimen position
       so that the target of the heat flux meter is located centrally within
       the radiator surface.
       Switch on the electricity supply and establish the power Input of the
       controller required to produce irradiance at the center of the
       radiator surface of 3 W/cm^. Adjustment to the power unit to record
       3 W/cm^ should be followed by a 5 min. period without further
       adjustment to ensure equilibrium.
 ---pagebreak--- 2.3- The support for the samples shall be a metallic ring (Fig       2}
                                                               . 1).     /
     On top of this support a grill, made of stainless steel-wire, is
     placed with the following dimensions: - interior diameter: 118 mm
                                           - dimension of the holes:
                                             2.10 mm  square
                                           - diameter of the 6teel-wire
                                             0.70 mm
2.4. The receptacle shall consist of a cylindrical tube with an interior
     diameter of 118 mm and a depth of 12 mm.
     The receptacle shall be filled with cotton wool.
2.5- A vertical column shall support the items specified in paragraph
     2.1, 2.3 and 2.4.
     The radiator is placed on top of the support in a manner such that the
     radiating surface is horizontal and the radiation is downwards.
     A lever/pedal shall be provided in the column to lift the support of
     the radiator slowly. It shall also be provided with a catch in order
     to ensure that the radiator can be brought back in its normal posi-
     tion.
     In their normal position, the axes of the radiator, the support
     for the sample and the receptacle must coincide.
3.   SAMPLES.
     The test samples shall measure: 70 mm x 70 mm.
     Samples shall be taken In the 6ame way from finished products, when
     the shape of the product permits. When the thickness of the product
     is more than 13 mm, it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical
     process applied to the side which does not face the occupant
     compartment. If It is impossible, the test shall be carried out, in
     accordance with the Technical Service, on the initial width of the
     material which shall be mentioned in the test report.
     Composite materials (see 2.8 of Annex 1) shall be tested as If they
     were of uniform contructlon.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 1 3
   In the case of materials made of superimposed layers of different
   composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of
   material included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing
   towards the passenger compartment shall be tested Individually.
   The total mass of the sample to be tested shall be at least 2 g.
   If the mass of one sample is less, a sufficient number of samples
   shall be added.
   If the two faces of the material differ, both faces must be tested,
   which means that 8 samples are to be tested.
   The samples and the cotton wool shall be conditioned for at least
   24 h at a temperature of 2 3 + 2 °C and a relative humidity of
   50 + 5% and shall be maintained under these conditions until
   immediately prior to testing.
4. PROCEDURE
   The sample is placed on the support and the latter Is so positioned
   that the distance between the surface of the radiator and the
   upperside of the sample Is 30 mm.
   The receptacle, including the cotton wool, is placed beneath the
   grill of the support at a distance of 300 mm.
   The radiator is put aside, so that it can not radiate on the
   sample, and switched on. When it is on full capacity it is positio-
   ned above the sample and timing is started.
   If the material melts or deforms, the height of the radiator is
   modified to maintain the distance of 30 mm.
   If the material ignites, the radiator is put aside 3 s. afterwards.
   It is brought back in position when the flame has extinguished and
   the same procedure is repeated as frequently as necessary during the
   first 5 minutes of the test.
 ---pagebreak---                                                           23
After the fifth minute of the test:
(1)  If the sample has extinguished (whether or not it has ignited
     during the first 5 minutes of the test) leave the radiator in
     position even if the sample reignites.
(ii) If the material is flaming, await extinction before bringing
     the radiator into position again.
In either case, the test must be continued for an additional
5 minutes.
RESULTS.
Observed phenomena shall be noted In the test-report, such as:
         - the fall of drops, If any, whether flaming or not,
         - if ignition of the cotton wool has taken place.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        Mv3
                                                    Dimensions in millimeters
              1 : Radiator
              2 : Sample
              3 : Grill (for the support of the sample)
              4 : Cotton wool
              5 : Receptacle
       8
                        Grill                   Mobile metallic ring
                              ^
               Metallic ring         j J ^
                                                                 S>• i
                                                    ii e         - I
                    (fixed)          i '.«—         T22_
                                                    oc
                                             Detail of the metallic rings for the
                                             support of the sample
~7/ / /  / / /    /   ,
                            /
                               s
                                 /
                                   /    /
                                          /
                                            //  /    /
                                                       ' •'
                                                            /
                                                              /
                            FIGURE 1
 ---pagebreak---                                                             Mi
                            Annex VI
     TEST TO DETERMINE THE VERTICAL BURNING RATE OF MATERIALS
     PRINCIPLE
     This test consists of exposing samples, held in a vertical position,
     to a flame and determining the speed of propagation of the flame over
     the material to be tested.
2.   APPARATUS
     The apparatus shall consist of:
     a) a specimen holder
     b) a burner
     c) a ventilation system to extract gas and combustion products
     d) a template
     e) marker threads of white mercerized cotton threads having a maximum
        linear density of 50 tex.
2.1. The specimen holder shall consist of a rectangular frame 560 mm high
     and shall have two rigidly connected parallel rods spaced 150 mm
     apart on which pins shall be fitted for mounting the test specimen
     which is located in a plane at least 20 mm from the frame. The
     mounting pins shall be not greater than 2 mm diameter and at least
     27 mm long. The pins shall be located on the parallel'rods at loca-
     tions shown in figure 1. The frame shall be fitted onto a suitable
     support to maintain the rods in a vertical orientation during
     testing. (For the purpose of locating the specimen on the pins in a
     plane away from the frame, spacer stubs 2 mm diameter may be provi-
     ded adjacent to the pins).
2.2. The burner Is described in figure 3.
     The gas supplied to the burner can be either commercial propane gas
     or commercial butane gas.
 ---pagebreak---                                                              V
                                                              u
     The burner shall be positioned in front of, but below, the specimen
     such that it lies In a plane passing through the vertical centreline
     of the specimen and perpendicular to its face (see figure 2), such
     that the longitudinal axis is inclined upwards at 30* to the vertical
     towards the lower edge of the specimen. The distance between the tip
     of the burner and the lower edge of the specimen shall be 20 mm.
2.3. The test apparatus may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided
     that the internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110
     times, greater than the volume of the test apparatus and provided
     that no single height, width, or length dimension of the fume cup-
     board is greater than 2 1/2 times either of the other two dimensions.
     Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume
     cupboard shall be measured 100 mm in front of and behind the final
     position where the test apparatus will be located. It shall be
     between 0.10 and 0.30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort, by
     combustion products, to the operator. It is possible to use a fume
     cupboard with a natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.
2.4. A flat rigid template made of suitable material and of a size corres-
     ponding to the size of the specimen shall be used. Holes
     approximately 2 mm diameter shall be drilled in the template and
     positioned so that the distances between the centres of the holes
     correspond to the distances between the pins on the frames (see
     figure 1). The holes shall be located equidistant about the vertical
     centrelines of the template.
3.   SAMPLES
3.1. The samples dimensions are: 560 x 170 mm.
3.2. The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24h at a temperature
      of 23 + 2*C and a relative humidity of 50 + 5% and shall be
     maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to
      testing.
 ---pagebreak--- 4.   PROCEDURE
                                                             13
4.1. The test shall be carried out in an atmosphere having a temperature
     between 10° and 30° C and a relative humidity between 15% and 80Z.
4.2. The burner shall be preheated for 2 min. The flame height 6hall be
     adjusted to 40 + 2 mm measured as the distance between the top of the
     burner tube and the tip of the yellow part of the flame when the bur-
     ner is vertically oriented and the flame Is viewed in dim light.
4.3* The specimen shall be placed on the pins of the test frame, making
     certain that the pins pass through the point6 marked off from the
     template and that the specimen is at least 20 mm removed from the
     frame. The frame shall be fitted on the support so that the specimen
     is vertical.
4.4. The marker threads shall be attached horizontally in front of the
     specimen at the locations shown in figure 1. At each location, a loop
     of thread shall be mounted so that the two segments are spaced 1 mm
     and 5 mm from the plane of the front of the specimen.
     Each loop shall be attached to a suitable timing device. Sufficient
     tension shall be Imposed to the thread to maintain its position re-
     lative to the specimen.
4.5- The flame shall be applied to the specimen for 5 s . Ignition shall be
     deemed to have occurred if flaming of the specimen continues for 5 s
     after removal of the Igniting flame. If ignition does not occur, the
     flame shall be applied for 15 s to another conditioned specimen.
4.6. If any result in any set of three specimens exceeds the minimum
     result by 50Z, another set of three specimens shall be tested for
     that direction or face. If one or two specimens in any set of three
     specimens fail to burn to the top marker thread, another set of three
     specimens shall be tested for that direction or face.
4.7. The following time6, in seconds, shall be measured:
     a) from the start of the application of the Igniting flame to the
        severance of the first marker thread (tl);
     b) from the start of the application of the igniting flame to the
        severance of the second marker thread (t2);
     c) from the start of the application of the igniting flame to the
        severance of the third marker thread (t3).
 ---pagebreak---                                                       V V
RESULTS
The observed phenomena shall be written down in the test-report,
to include: - the durations of combustion:
              ti, to end to in seconds
            - the corresponding burnt distances:
              d-i , do and do in mm.
The burning rate V\ and the rates V« and V3, if applicable, shall be
calculated (for each sample if the flame reaches at least the first
marker thread) as follows:
                            d
                              i
                     V^ -       x 60 ( mm/min.)
The highest burning rate of V^, V 2 and V3 shall be taken into
account.
 ---pagebreak---                                                          IS
                                     Dimensions in millimetres
h             15
                y
 ±r
              I
    *  •
4     150
            *
          Figure 1 — Specimen holder
 ---pagebreak---                                      %
                                    Burner*
            Edge ignition
Figure 2 — Burner ignition location
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                   *H
                                                                                          Dimensions in millimetres
                            Fitted in
              Gas jet-       during - a *      05           Burner tube            -Reme stabilizer
                          assembly
                     rM_Js                                                  7
          Choke tube                          •Notch
                                          a)  Gas burner arrangement
                                                                                        - 10        ,,
                                                                                                           L
                                                                                       Sum i                    I
                                                                                                         .0.8
                                                                                              A-A
                                                                                c) R a m a stabilizer
                   b)  Gas Jet
                                                                        ) Pitch Circle Diameter: 4,4 mm
                                0410,05^
                                                                                                     ir»
              65*0,05^
                                                     40
                                                d)   Burner tuba
                                            Figure 3 — G a s burner i )
1) The burner may be obtained from Dr.-Ing Georg Wazau, Mess- und Pruftechnik,
   Keplerstr. 12, D-1000 Berlin 10, Germany.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        v?
                  IMPACT STATEMENT ON COMPETITIVENESS AND JOBS
Proposal for a Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the
Member states relating to the burning behaviour of materials used in interior
construction of certain categories of motor vehicles
I. What is the main justification of the measure?
    -     Completion of the EEC type-approval procedure for coaches
    -     Harmonization of national laws
    -     Improvements to road safety.
II.       Characteristics of the companies involved
    More particularly:
          Do they include a large number of SME? : No
    -     Are there any significant concentrations? : No
    -     Are they eligible for regional aid from the MS? : No
          Are they eligible for aid from the ERDF? : No
III.      What obligations are imposed on those companies?
    Merely the obligation to comply with what the Directive lays down with
    regard to type approval of coaches.
IV.       What obligations are likely to be 'imposed indirectly upon those
          companies via the local authorities?
    No additional obligation.
V.        Do any special measures apply to SME? No
          What are they?
VI.       What is the foreseeable impact on:
          company productivity?   No foreseeable impact.
   -      jobs?  No foreseeable impact.
VII.      Have both sides of industry been consulted?   Yes
          Opinion of both sides of industry: no objections
 ---pagebreak---                                                                          c
                                                                           )9
                                                                     ISSN 0254-1475
                                                              COM(92) 201 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                         07 06
                                 Catalogue number: CB-CO-92-215-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-44051-1
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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