CELEX: 51988PC0432
Language: en
Date: 1988-09-14
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE amending and supplementing Annex II to Directive 86/280/EEC on limit values and quality objectives for discharges of certain dangerous substances included in List I of the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC (presented by the Commission)

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 ---pagebreak---      COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                      COM(88 ) 432 final
                                                      Brussels , 14 September 1988
                                          Proposai for a
                                         COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
               amending and supplementing Annex II to Directive 86 / 280 / EEC on
                 limit values and quality objectives for discharges of certain
                     dangerous substances included in List I of the Annex to
                                       Directive 76 / 464 / EEC
  r/  ^
      •■ 'V . •>      . W, toi
m                  r *
\?A                 ■ / S/
 Y “\                             ( presented by the Commission )
 ---pagebreak---                  PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING AND SUPPLEMENTING
      ANNEX II TO DIRECTIVE 86/280/EEC ON LIMIT VALUES AND QUALITY OBJECTIVES FOR
    DISCUARGFS OF CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES INCLUDED IN LIST I OF THE ANNEX TO
                                         DIRECTIVE 76/ 464/EEC
                                                                                 C-S>H - V 3 b
EXPLANATORY . MEMORANDUM
1 . Introduction
The purpose of this proposal is to expand , in respect of four dangerous
substances ( 1 , 2-dichloroethane , perchloroethylene , trichlorobenzene and
trichloroethylene 1 , the specific provisions laid down in Annex II to Directive
86/ 280/EECC1 ) on limit values and quality objectives for discharges of certain
dangerous substances included in List I of the Annex to Directive 76 / 464 /EEC ( 2 ) .
1.1 . Directive 76/464/EEC < 2 )
On 4 May 1976 the Council adopted a Directive on pollution caused by certain
dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community
 ( 76 / 464 / EFC ) ( 2 ) , which seeks to eliminate water pollution by dangerous substances
 included in the famiulies and groups of substances in List I in the Annex to the
Directive .
  m 0 J L 1 8 1 , 4.7.198 6 , p. 16
  ( 21 OJ L 129 , 18.5.1976 , p. 23
 ---pagebreak--- The Directive provides that discharges into Community waters which are liable to
contain any of the substances in List I shall require prior authorization by the
competent authority of the Member State concerned . For such discharges the
authorization must lay down emission standards which must not exceed limit values
to be laid down by the Council , acting on a proposal by the Commission . Emission
standards may also be set on the basis of quality objectives in cases where a
Member State can prove that such objectives , also to be laid down by the Council ,
are being met and continuously maintained throughout the area which might be
affected by the discharges .
1.2 . Directive . .8^/280/EEÇ ( 3 )
This is a " framework " Directive setting out the legal provisions applicable to
all the substances in List I in the Annex to Directive 76 / 464/EEC and containing
a set of technical provisions in its Annexes :
a ) Annex I , entitled " General provisions ", contains the common technical rules
      which are applicable to the substances in question .
It is divided into three headings :
HEADING A : b irn i.t . va lue s f o r emission s tandards
                Limit values , dates set for compliance therewith and procedures for
                monitoring discharges ;
 ( 3)  0 J L 181 ,      4.7.1986 ,      p.  16
 ---pagebreak--- HEADING B : Quality . objectives
                Quality objectives , dates set for compliance therewith and procedure
                lor monil.orinq compliance with them ;
HEADING C : Ref erjsnçe.. jQethods...af.meçtsurçmeDt.and_ li.mit . gf.détec tion
b ) Annex II , entitled " Specific provisions ", takes up the same three headings
      under which full details must be given for each substance in a set of special
      technical provisions .
2 . Purpose of the proposal for a Directive
The purpose of this proposal for a Directive is to widen the specific scope of
the " framework " Directive by including in Annex II , " Specific provisions ",
special provisions for 1 , 2-dichloroethane , perchloroethylene , trichlorobenzene
and trichloroethylene .
These substances have been accepted as falling within List I in the Annex to
Directive 76 / 464 /EEC .     They carry the number assigned to them in the Commission 's
Communication to the Council of 22 June 1982 ( 4 ): 1 , 2-dichloroethane is No . 59 ,
perchloroethylene is No . 111 , trichlorobenzene is Nos . 117 and 118 and
trichloroethylene is No . 121 .
 ( 4 ) OJ C 176 ,   14.7.1 982
 ---pagebreak--- 3 . ÇQmmeots.
3 . 1 The proposai in geneml
There is little general comment to be made on this proposal for a Directive since
the technical and administrative provisions applicable to each substance within
List I are set out in the " framework " Directive 86 / 280 / EEC ( 5 ) .
It should be noted , however , that the proposal is based on Article 130S of the
EEC Treaty .
3.2 . The specific purpose.of the.proposa l
The aim of this proposal is to add four substances to the first List of dangerous
substances provided for in Directive 86 / 280 /EEC . The four new substances have
been the subject of ecotoxological , technical and economic studies as part of the
Commission 's work , on the basis of priorities agreed with the national experts .
3.2.1 . 1 , 2-DICHLORQEIHANE
3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . The chemical substance
1 , 2-dichloroethane ( No . 59 ): CAS - 107 - 06 - 2
1 , 2-dichloroethane C2H^Cl2 , known as "EDC " or "ethylene dichloride ") is a
saturated aliphatic organo-chlorine compound whose chemical structure suggests
that it falls within List I in the Annex to Directive 76 / 464 /EEC under point 1 ,
" Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the
aquatic environment ".
 ( 5)    OJ L 181 ,     4.7.1986 ,  p. 16
 ---pagebreak--- The opinion of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Toxicity and i'coi oxi i t y
ot Chemical t'ompounds , delivered on 2l> November I VOS ( CSiE / HS/ OV/COM ) , confirm:,
the Commission 's decision to include this substance in List I.
The following factors support this opinion :
- for the aquatic environment , EDC has an acute toxicity comparable to that of
    carbon tetrachloride ( TETRA ), which is already included in List I ( moderate
    toxicity for some organisms but more severe for others , in particular
   anaerobic micro-organisms );
- EDC has also been shown to have a mutagenic and carcinogenic effect ( when taken
    orally ) and therefore presents a hazard not only to the aquatic environment
   but also , via that environment , to man ;
- although volatile , EDC May be persistent in certain environments , in particular
    in groundwater . While it evaporates easily , EDC is nevertheless constantly
    present in surface waters .
    Its permanent presence ( in surface and underground water ) stems from the very
    high level of production and this alone justifies steps being taken to control
    this substance .
3.2.1 . 2 . The industrial.plants concerned
In terms of volume , EDC is one of the most important organic chemicals handled
within the EEC ; most of it is processed , at the production site , into vinyl
chloride (+ 90% of the quantity produced ) or other chlorinated hydrocarbons :
1 .1 .1 . - trichloroethane , trichloroethylene , perchloroethylene and
1.1 . chloroethylene .
 ---pagebreak--- At present the use of EDC is essential to the industrial production of vinyl
chloride iVC ), an important basic monomer used in the manufacture of plastics
such as polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ).
There are very few uses for EDC other than as an intermediate substance , and such
uses currently account for less than 1% of its production .
Accordingly , this proposal for a Directive relates only to discharges from the
industrial plants where EDC is produced and processed " in situ ".
It therefore concerns producers of vinyl chloride , although the VC production
units as such do not use water in their manufacturing process .
Production of.1 . 2-dichloroe thane
The production process is based , essentially , either on the direct chlorination
or the oxyhydrochlorination of ethylene .
As shown in the following diagram , these two production methods are generally
used in combination . The second process permits the re-use of hydrochloric acid ,
a by-product produced in the VC unit when the EDC is cracked into vinyl chloride .
The Community 's production capacity for synthetic EDC ( i.e. the quantity of EDC
obtainable by synthesis ) is about 10 million T/year .
 ---pagebreak--- Bearing in mind , however , that any EDC not converted into VC is recycled to the
" purification " section , the annual volume of EDC leaving the purification
sections of EDC production plants may be about 15 000 t .
There are some 35 production plants located in almost all the countries of the
Community ( Belgium ( 3 ), France ( 4 ), Germany ( 9 ), Greece ( 2 ), Italy ( 7 ),
Netherlands ( 1 ), Portugal ( 1 ), Spain ( 3 ), and the United Kingdom ( 5K
Community production accounts for about 50% of the world production of EDC .
 ---pagebreak--- Typical layout of a 1,2-Dichlc>roethane ( EDC ) production unit :
balanced system ( chlorination and oxyhydrochlorination ) in
combination with a vinyl                  chloride ( VC ) produi t ion unit .
   hlorine ( Cl ^)                 Ethylene
                                   Ethylene           Air   HC1
                 -^                                             -
                                                  Oxyhydro-
    y Chlorinat
      C h l o r i n a t tf oO a
                                                  chlorinatior
                                   Raw  EDC
                                        EDC
             -                              --
            Recycled EDC
                                      EDC
                                 purificati on :
                                 purification
                  Purified
                  Purified                I_      EDC
                                                  EDC   for
                                                        for other
                                                            other
                        EDC
                        EDC         I     I       uses
                EDC             EDC cracking            HC1
                                      ï
                                    m
                                Vinyl chloride
                                                                              3
 ---pagebreak--- 3 . 2 . 1 . 3 . Limit values for émission standards
                 Heading A ( 5?) in Annex II
The limit values proposed by the Commission are based on the technical and
economic study carried out in 1983 by F. Eggersdorfer and R. Frische ( BATTELLE
institut e . V. - Frankfurt am Main ) and entitled : "Study of discharges of certain
chloro - and brorooethanes into the aquatic environment and the best technical
means for the reduction of water pollution from such discharges" - ENV .
X 1 / 813 / 83 .
For the reasons explained in paragraph 3 . 2 . 1.2 . ( page 6 ), emission standards
apply only to discharges from EDC production plants .
The limit values proposed for emission standards relate to the EDC production
capacity of the purification units , whatever the method of production used
 ( direct chlorination , oxychlorination or a mixed process ).
Without purification , losses vary from 2 to 4 Kg of EDC per tonne of EDC
processed ; the quantity of water used varies by a similar order of magnitude from
 1 to 3.5 m3        per tonne of EDC processed .
Various physical and chemical processes may be used for purification , but
stripping ( by steam ) is one of the best techniques currently available . As much
as 99.9% of the EDC in the waste water can be removed by this process which , in
theory , could reduce EDC discharges to 2 g/ t of EDC processed .
 However , to take account of all sources of EDC discharges , including those for
which stripping cannot be used , the Commission proposes adopting the following
 limit values :
 20 g EDC per tonne EDC purified ( monthly average ), i.e. 40 g/tonne daily average
 at the factory gate .
                                                                                     J0
 ---pagebreak--- Oa the basis of a reference volume of 2 m3 / tonne of EDC purified , the
corresponding concentration limits are fixed at 10 and 20 mg / 1 respectively .
3.2.1 . 4 . Qgal ity obj ec fives - JlfiadinqJ? ( 59 ) in Annex II
The discussions of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Toxicity and
Ecotoxicity of Chemical Compounds were based on the ecotoxicological study by
Fischer et al : " Evaluation of water pollution caused by chlorinated and
brominated ethanes " - Berlin 1982 - ENV . XI / 399 / 83 .
Besides confirming that EDC should be included in List I ( as explained in
paragraph 3 . 2 . 1.1.1 , the Committee considers that the EDC concentration in fresh
and salt water must be as low as possible and should under no circumstances
exceed 10^jg/ l . This concentration is identical to the WHO standard
corresponding to a cancer risk of 1 case in 10 000 .
The Commission proposes to abide by this opinion , in respect of all the waters
referred to in Article 2 of Directive 76 / 464 / EEC , for 1 January 1990 .
3 . 2 . 1 . 5 . Methods of measuremen t - Headi ng C ( 59 )
The recommended reference method of analysis is high-pressure liquid-phase
chromatography or gas chromatography , with electron capture detection after
extraction by means of an appropriate solvent .
The limit of determination varies from 5 to 50 /ug/1 according to the type of
water examined ( water environment or effluents ).
 ---pagebreak--- 3.2.2 . TBICHLQROETBYLENE
3 . 2 . 2 . 1 . The . . ch.emic.aL .substance
Trichloroethylene ( No . 121 ): CAS - 79 - 01 - 6
Trichloroethylene ( C^HCl ^, known as "TRI ") is an aliphatic organo-chlorine
compound whose chemical structure suggests that it falls within List I in the
Annex to Directive 76 /464/EEC , under point 1 "Organohalogen compounds and
substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment ".
The opinion of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Toxicity and Ecotoxicity
of Chemical Compounds , delivered on 29 November 1985 ( CSTE/ 85/ 1 1 /COM ) confirms
the Commission 's decision to include this substance in List I.
The following factors support this opinion :
i)       the acute toxicity of TRI for aquatic organisms is about 1 mg/ 1 .    Even a
            concentration of 16yug/ l has been observed to inhibit the growth of
            seaweed ;
ii >     A large number of tests have shown that TRI ( including TRI taken orally ) has
           mutagenic and carcinogenic properties : it therefore presents a hazard not
            only for the aquatic environment but , via that environment , for man . There
            is still controversy on this point , which therefore demands caution . In
            this connection , the Commission wishes to call attention to one of the
            points in the declaration of the Second International Conference on the
            North Sea , namely that the principle of safeguarding the marine ecosystem
            from pollution by certain dangerous substances applies especially when
            there is reason to assume that such substances are likely to cause certain
            damage or harmful effects , even when there is no scientific evidence to
            prove a causal link between emissions and effects .
 ---pagebreak--- iii > In spite of its volatility , rRI is persistent in groundwater . Furthermore ,
         because of very high levels of production and use , it is constantly present
         in surface waters and certain marine and freshwater organisms .
            The industrial plants concerned
This Directive concerns both producers and users of TRI , since they have an
impact of equal importance on the aquatic environment .
a ) Production of TRI
     Trichloroethylene is usually produced in conjunction with perchloroethylene
     ( TRI-PER processes ).
     TRI-PER processes are all based on the direct chlorination or
     oxyhydrochlorination of ethylene and/ or of 1 . 2-dichloroethane ( EDC ) as an
     intermediate product .    TRI and PER are separated by distillation .
     An integrated process enables trichloroethylene to be obtained by
     dehydrochlorination ( thermal cracking ) of 1 , 1 , 2 , 2-perchloroethylene , which is
     produced at the same time along with a whole range of chlorinated
     hydrocarbons including EDC and vinyl chloride .
     Intermediate perchloroethylene may also be obtained via an older process
     based on the chlorination of acetylene :     this process is still used in some
     Member States .
     I mportance of thi s sec tor
     The maximum installed production capacity for TRI ( in the EEC ) is 375 000
     t /year . This is considerably greater than the amount actually produced
     which , after exceeding 300 000 t/year in the early 1970 's , has fallen to less
     than 200 000 t / year ( 182 600 t /year in 1986 ).
 ---pagebreak---         In th^ Community there are eight TRI production units , located in five Member
        States : France ( 2 ), Germany ( 2 ), Italy ( 2 ), Spain U ) and the United Kingdom
        ( 11 .
b ) Use of TRI
       As a solvent , TRI is used chiefly in the metallurgical industry for removing
       grease from metals ( 94% ). Other uses are in the dry cleaning of textiles
        ( 2% ), as an extraction solvent ( 1% ) and a solvent for miscellaneous purposes
        ( 3% ) .
        In the EEC , the consumption of TRI as a solvent is currently less than
       1 SO 000 t/year , compared to 300 000 t /year in 1974 .
       This decrease is due , first , to the action taken by some Member States to
       reduce atmospheric discharges , involving a more efficient recovery of these
       solvents and therefore a lower level of consumption , and , secondly , to the
       partial replacement of TRI by methylchloroform ( 1 , 1 , 1 - Trichloroethane ) , which
       is less toxic .
3 . 2 . 2 . 3 . Limi t values for emission standards
                 Heading.. A„. C.1.2.U. in ,Annex II
The limit values proposed by the Commission are based on the technical and
economic study carried out in 1983 by R. Eggerdorfer and R. Frische ( BATTELLE
Institut e . V. - Frankfurt am Main ) entitled : " Study of discharges of certain
chloroethylenes into the aquatic environment and the best technical means for the
reduction of water pollution from such discharges " - ENV . XI / 812 / 83 .
 ---pagebreak--- a » Produc t ioo of TRI ( Qjnd PER )
The proposed limit values have been established by reference to production
capacity and taking into account the best technical means available .
Without purification , losses of TRI in the aquatic environment are about 1 kg per
ton of TRI + PER produced , with discharges ranging from 1 to 10 m3 / tonne
produced .
Using the recommended processes ( phase separation followed by steam stripping ),
the purification yield may be as much as 99% depending on the physical and
chemical properties of the substance , in particular its volatility .
Emissions of TRI can therefore be reduced to a monthly average of 10 g/ tonne of
TRI + PER production capacity , or a daily average of 20 g/ tonne of TRI + PER
production capacity .
On the basis of an average waste discharge of 5 m3 / tonne produced , the
corresponding concentration limits for TRI are 2 mg/ 1 monthly average and 4 mg / 1
daily average .
Changes . in the produc ti on capac ity for TR I ( and PER )
In view of the considerable discrepancy between the installed capacity and actual
production levels , and in view of the second subparagraph of Article 3(3 ) of the
" framework” Directive , it is proposed to insert a clause relating to changes in
production capacity ( see the footnote to the table on pages 8-9 ). This change is
based on the maximum annual production recorded during the four years which have
elapsed before the revision of each authorization for a discharge .
b ) and ç ) Use of TRI
Discharges due to the use of TRI are as important as those associated with its
production .
 ---pagebreak--- The degreasing and cleaning of metal components gives rise , in particular , to the
following types of discharges :
- waste water from the drying of objects which have been washed
   with boiling solvent ;                 *     .        < .
                                          5                  ■
- waste water from the recycling of used solvents ;
- effluents from the steam reclaiming of activated charcoal filters
   used for scrubbing gases
On the basis of a 1% loss ( 10 kg/t of TRI used ), discharges of TRI into the
aquatic environment are about 1 500 t/year ( of which 1 400 tons arise from
degreasing metals ).                       ;
In the light of the technical and economic study referred to above and the work
done in other international bodies , the Commission proposes a limit value
( monthly average ) of 0.1 mg / 1 for degreasing metals , with a reference volume of
10 m3 / tonne of metal treated .
In view of the first footnote to the table on p. 8 , this measure should chiefly
concern large surface treatment plants which are in a position to apply
purification techniques identical to those used by the producers .
The monthly average limit value of 1 rog/1 , or daily average of 2 mg/1 , proposed
for TRI used in dry cleaning is identical to that proposed for PER ( see p. 8 ).
Since there is no emission limit value for other uses of TRI , the Commission
proposes to refer to Heading A(3 ) in Annex I.
 ---pagebreak---  3        . 4 Quality objectives
              Heading B (1 2.) .i n Annex 1 1
 The d i si. ur.si our-, ol l.h <* :'>r i on t i f i c Advisory Committee on the Toxic i ( v and
 Ecotoxicity of Chemical Compounds were based on the ecotoxicological study by
 Fischer et al : "Evaluation of water pollution caused by chlorinated and
 brominated ethyl ones " • llerlin 19(12 - ENV . Xl / 400 / 03 .
 Besides confirming that TRI should be included in List I las explained in
 3 ..1.2.1 .), the Committee considers that the TRI concentration in fresh and salt
 water must be as low as possible and should under no circumstances exceed 10
Aig / 1 .
 This concentration is identical to the WHO standard corresponding to a cancer
 risk of io ^ lone case in 10 0001 .
 The Commission proposes to abide by this opinion , in respect of all the waters
 referred to in Article 2 of Directive 76 / 464 / EEC .
 3 . 2.2.5 .   Methods of measuremen t
               Heading C ( 1 21 ).in Annex II
 The reference method of analysis advocated is gas chromatography , with electron
 capture detection .
 The limit of determination varies from 0.1 to 10 /ug/l according to the type of
 water examined ( water environment or effluents ).
 ---pagebreak--- 3.2.3 . PEKÇHLORQLTHYypNi: ( PER )
3.2.3 .) . The Chemical.substance ( 6 )
           Perchloroethylene ( No . 111 ): CAS - 127- 18-4
Ethylene tetrachloride or Perchloroethylene (C Cl or Cl C = CCl          ) known as
                                                   2   4   2           2
"PER", is an aliphatic organo-chlorine compound whose chemical structure suggests
that it falls within List I in the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC , under point 1
" Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the
aquatic environment ".
The opinion of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Toxicity and Ecotoxicity
of Chemical Compounds , delivered on 29 November 1985 ( CSTE/ 85 / 1 3 /COM ) confirms
the Commission 's decision to include this substance in List I.
The factors supporting this opinion are identical to those relating to TRI .
These two substances have very similar properties and behaviour :
- acute toxicity of about 1 mg/ 1 ,
- mutagenic and carcinogenic properties demonstrated by certain
   tests but called into question by others ,
- high volatility and yet persistence , both in surface and
   underground water , through the combined effect of their density
   and permanent presence due to the numerous discharges resulting
   from their production and widespread use .
 i6 ) The studies' cirri e d out for the Commission and on the basis of
      which the PER proposal was drawn up are the same as those used
      for TRI :
      - ecotoxi co logical study : Fischer et.. aL ( UaBoLu       ) - XI / 400 / 83
      - technical and économie study : BATTELLE - XI / 81 2 / 83
 ---pagebreak--- 5 .2 .3 . 2 . The. industrial plants concerned
a i Producers of PER
    Perchloroethyl one is produced by two distinct types of process :
      - TRI-PER processes , in which it is produced along with
         trichloroethylene . These processes have already been
         described in the chapter on TRI .
      - TETRA-PER processes , in which perchloroethylene is produced
         along with carbon tetrachloride .
      These processes involve the high-temperature chlorination ( chlorolysis ) of
      residual C ^ or C ^, hydrocarbons , whether or not chlorinated , possibly with
      the addition of propylene .
      In view of their advantages        ( the recovery of chemical waste ), these processes
      are currently the principal        means of production of PER , although in TRI-PER
      processes , the main purpose       of which is to produce TRI from a noble raw
      material ( ethylene or EDC ),      PER must be considered as a by-product .
      Importance of this sector
      As in the case of TRI , the production capacity for         PER is considerably
      greater than the amount actually produced . Actual          annual production in the
      EEC is about 350 000 tonnes , whereas the installed         production capacity
      exceeds 500 000 tonnes per year ( 575 000 t /year in        1986 ).
      In addition to the TRI-PER units already mentioned , there are 12 operational
      TETRA-PER production units in seven Member States : Belgium ( 1 ), France ( 2 ),
      Gern , any ( 3 ), Italy ( 2 ), the Netherlands ( 1 ), Spain ( 2 ) and the United Kingdom
      n 1 .
 ---pagebreak--- b ) Use _of.PER
      of all the perchloroethylene used as a solvent , more than 60% is used for dry
      cleaning clothes , about 30% for removing grease from metals and the rest as
      an extraction solvent for oils and fats , for finishing textiles and as a
       thinner for paints and varnishes .
      For the same reasons as in the case of TRI ( stricter controls on atmospheric
      pollution in certain Member States ), the annual consumption of PER as a
      solvent in the EEC has fallen over the last ten years , from 300 000 t/year in
       1978 to 170 000 t /year in 1985 .
       It is , moreover , used as a synthesizing agent in the manufacture of
       chlorof luorocarbons ( CFC ).
       The EEC is a signatory to the Montreal protocol on curtailing the use of
       certain CFCs which are considered to be the main cause of the destruction of
       the protective ozone layer .       The CFCs in question are precisely those which
       are produced using carbon tetrachloride and PER . The use of these substances
       as intermediate products can therefore be expected to decrease in the same
       proportion as provided for in the protocol .
3 . 2 . 3 . 3 . Limit values for ém ission standards
                Heading A ( 111 ) in Annex II
 a ) and b ) Production.of PER ( and TR I_or._TETRA )_
 Whatever process is used , the same purification techniques are recommended , phase
 separation followed by steam stripping .
                                                                                         Zo
 ---pagebreak--- Since TRI and PER have very similar physical and chemical properties , the same
emission limit values are proposed for PER , i.e. 10 g PER per tonne of overall
production capacity ( TRI + PER or TETRA + PER ).
The concentration limits , however , are not identical since the reference volumes
are different : 5 m3 / tonne in the case of TRI + PER processes and 2 m3 / tonne in
the case of TETRA + PER processes .
c ) , d ) and e ) Use o f PER
The limit values proposed by the Commission for the main use of PER ( dry
cleaning ) are based on the technical and economic study mentioned above , i.e. a
monthly average of 1 mg / 1 or a daily average of 2 mg/ 1 , with a reference volume
of 0.25 m3 / tonne of goods processed .
These limit values can be achieved by modern installations of the closed type or
by open machines equipped with activated carbon cartridges .
According to a current study , only closed systems are still being marketed .
Since existing plant will have to be replaced when it becomes unsuitable ( such
plants have a lifetime of between 10 and 15 years ), the additional 5-year period
( i.e. actually 7 to 8 years from this proposal ) should be sufficient to enable
the plants concerned to comply with the proposed limits .
The limit values proposed for PER used to remove grease from metals are identical
to those proposed for TRI .
The Commission does not yet have enough technical information to establish limit
values for chlorofluorocarbon production .
 ---pagebreak---  lu Uv meantime , it is proposed to refer to Annex I , Heading A , point 3 . Those
provisions also apply to the other uses of PER as a solvent .
 7 ' 1.4 . üuality objectives
                IlemUno B ( 1 / 1 ) in Anne* II
The considerations which have led the Commission to propose , as in the case of
TRI , a concentration of 10 /ug/l PER in both fresh and salt water are absolutely
identical to those set out in paragraph 3 . 2 . 2 . 4 .
3 . 2 . 3 . 5 . Me thods.of measurement
                Heading C ( 121 ) in Annex II
The recommended reference method of analysis is gas chromatography , with electron
capture detection .
The limit of determination varies from 0.1 to 10 /ug/l according to the type of
water examined ( surface water or effluent ).
3.2.4 . TRIC HLORQBENZENE ( TCB )
3 . 2 . 4 . 1 . The Chemical substance
Trichlorobenzene (C H Cl , known as " TCB ") is an aromatic organo - chlorine
                           6  3 3
compound whose chemical structure suggests that it falls within List I in the
Annex to Directive 76 / 464 /EEC , under point 1 " Organohalogen compounds and
substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment ".
TCB may occur as one of the following three isomers :
 ---pagebreak--- - I , 2 , 3 , - TCB CAS     -  87 - 61 - 6
 - I , 2,4 ,- TCB CAS       -  120 0.' 1 ( No . 118 )
• 1 , 3,5 , - TCB CAS       -  100 - 70 - 3
Technical TCB ( Nc>. 117 ) is a mixture of these three isomers , with a preponderance
of 1,7,4-TCB .          Tt may also rontai n r.mal 1 quant, i ti <*s of d i chlorobenzene and
tetrachlorobenzene .
After consideration of the characteristic properties of these three isomers in
the light of the three main criteria for inclusion in List I ( toxicity ,
persistence and bioaccumulation ), the Commission proposes including TCB in that
list without distinguishing between the isomers , in view of their similar
properties .
This proposal is based on the opinion of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the
Toxicity and Ecotoxicity of Chemical Compounds , delivered on 3 April 1984
( CSTE / 84 / 1 /XT ) and on the experts' reports on this substance , prepared for the
Commission , as referred to in 3 . 2 . 4 . 3 . and 3 . 3 . 4 . 4 . below .
The bioaccumulation potential of this substance and its persistence under certain
conditions in the aquatic environment , particularly in groundwater , provide
support for this proposal . Its acute toxicity is high in the case of certain
aquatic organisms , which are affected by concentrations as low as 0.2 mg/ 1 .
TCB is generally detected in fish .
To prevent any deterioration in the current situation , the Commission also
proocses to refer to the general " standstill " obligation .
3 . 2 . 4 . 2 . The . industrial plants conce rned
This proposal for a Directive chiefly concerns plants which produce and process
TCB .
 ---pagebreak--- Production of TCB
The two industrial processes used in the manufacture of TCB are :
a ) the chlorination of benzene or benzenic hydrocarbons which are already
     partially chlorinated .      TCB should really be considered as a by-product of
     this process , the main purpose of which is to produce mono - and
     dichlorobenzenes ;
b ) the dehydrochlorination of HCH ( hexachlorocyclohexane ) .
    This is the process used to recover the considerable HCH residue ( 85% )
     resulting from the manufacture of lindane ( which must include more than 99%
     y - HCH ) .
The Community production capacity for trichlorobenzene is between 15 000 and
20 000 tonnes/year .
Actual production of TCB is less than this figure ( 12 000 t/year in 1987 ) since
the manufacture of 2,4,5-T has completely ceased in western Europe . This
manufacture formerly provided an important outlet for 1,2,4-TCB ( via 1 , 2,4,5 -
tetrachlorobenzene ) . 2,4,5-T is a herbicide which used to be manufactured , in
particular , at Sevesco until the accident which led to a major release of TCDD
dioxin ( 2,3,7 , 8 - tetrachloro - dibenzo - p - dioxin ) .
TCB is still produced at two plants within the EEC , located in France ( process
b )) and Germany ( process a)i . There are , however , other producers of mono - and
dichlorobenzenes , one in Italy and the other in Germany , which do not produce
sufficient quantities to enable recovery of the trichlorobenzene by-product (3 to
 ---pagebreak--- Use of TCB
TCB is used exclusively in industry : it is chiefly an intermediate substance ,
much of which ( orr', i is prnr ossed at the production site ( captive use ) i nto
chlorobenzenes , chioronitrobenzenes or higher chlorophenols :
- 1 , 2 , 4 , 5-Tetrachlorobenzene - which , via nitration , yields the
    fungicide Tecnazene ;
- Pentachlorobenzene , which is processed via nitration into the
    fungicide Quintazene ;
- Hexachlorobenzene , a raw material still used in the manufacture
    of pentachlorothiophenol ( rubber );
- 1 , 2 , 4 - Trichloro - 5 - nitrobenzene ( an intermediate agent in the
    manufacture of textile dyes );
- the chloride of 2,4,5-Trichlorobenzosulphonyl , the raw material
    for Tetradifon ( used for killing mites ).
Apart from its use as an intermediate substance , 20% of the TCB produced in
Europe is used as a solvent ( an extraction agent and base for dyes in the textile
industry ) and as a constituent of oils for transformers .
Surplus TCB production ( 20% ) is exported from the Community to be used as a raw
material in the manufacture of pesticides and dyes .
3 . 2 . 4 . 3 . Limit va lues.for émission standards
                Heading A .( 117 . 118 ) in Annex .II
The limit, values proposed by the Commission are based on the technical and
economic • study carried out in 1983 by Mr. Jan de BRUIN entitled : "Study of the
discharges of certain chlorinated benzenes , of dichloromethane and of
dichloropropane into the aquatic environment and the best technical means for the
reduction of water pollution from such discharges ".
                                                                                   Л.
                                                                                    il
 ---pagebreak--- in . . ol lhv , vlHl iv" importance ol the various direct discharges of TCB into
the aquatic environment , this proposal relates primarily to the production and
processing of TCB .
This sector is responsible for a continuous discharge of between 0.1 h and 2 kg
TCB per tonne of TCB production capacity .
The use of conventional techniques , such as phase separation , steam stripping and
possibly biological treatment , should make it possible to achieve the limit
values proposed by the Commission , i.e. a monthly average of 10 g/t of production
capacity or a daily average of 20 g/ t .
The proposed concentration limits (1 and 2 mg/ 1 ) correspond to a reference output
of 10 m3 / t of production capacity .
In the case of sector a ) ( chlorination of benzene ), the limit values have been
based on the total production of mono - and dichlorobenzenes , in view of the fact
that TCB accounts for 5% of this total production . All producers of
chlorobenzenes are therefore concerned .
Apart from captive use regulated with production , it would be desirable to limit
the discharges of TCB from industrial plants which use it as a solvent or dye
base , particularly in the textile industry .
Since the Commission does not yet have enough technical information to establish
limit values for such industrial plants , it is proposed to apply the provisions
of Heading A(3 ) in Annex I.
Finally , the use of TCB as a constituent of oils for transformers does not lead
directly to pollution of the aquatic environment , except in cases of accidental
spillage . Accordingly , no particular provision has been proposed in this
respect .
 ---pagebreak--- 3 . 2 . 4 . 4 . Qqal i ty qbjec kives
                Heading B ( 111 , 118 ) in Annex II
The discussions of the Scientific Advisory Committee on the Toxicity and
Ecotoxicity of Chemical Compounds were based on the ecotol icological studies by
R. H. HOOFTMAN and J. H. de KREUK of the TNG : " Environmental load of chlorinated-
benzenes " ( November 1982 - reported in XI / 385 / 83 ) and " Evaluation of the impact
of monochlorobenzene , 1,2,3 -, 1,2,4 - and 1,3,5 - Trichlorobenzene in the
environment " ( reported in XI / 672 / 83 ).
Besides confirming that TCB should be included in List I ( as explained in
3.2.4.1 .), the Committee considers that the total TCB concentration in fresh and
salt water must be as low as possible and should not exceed 0.1 yug/ 1 .
The Commission proposes to abide by this opinion , in respect of all the waters
referred to in Directive 76 / 464 / EEC .
3 . 2 . 4 . 5 . Hethods of m^asuremçrtt
                Heading C ( 1 1 7„, JJ 8 ) in Annex I I
The reference method of analysis advocated is gas chromatography , with electron
capture detection after extraction by means of an appropriate solvent .
The limits of determination are about 1 /ug/ kg for organisms and sediments .
                                                    Г
 ---pagebreak---              Proposal for a Council Directive amending and supplementing
     Annex II to Directive 86/280/EEC on limit values and quality objectives for
    discharges of certain dangerous substances included in 1. 1st T of the Annex to
                                 Directive 76/ 464/EEC
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
 Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community , and in
 particular Article 130s thereof ,
 Having regard to Council Directive 76/464/EEC of 4 May 1976 on pollution caused
 by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the
 Communityd ) , and in particular Articles 6 and 12 thereof ,
 Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ,
 Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament ,
 Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ,
 Whereas , in order to protect the aquatic environment of the Community against
 pollution by certain dangerous substances , Article 3 of Directive 76/464/EEC
 introduces a system of prior authorization laying down emission standards for
 discharges of the substances in List I in the Annex thereto ; whereas Article 6 of
 the said Directive provides that limit values shall be laid down for such
 emission standards and also quality objectives for the aquatic environment
 affected by discharges of the substances ;
(1 ) 0J No L 1 29 , 18.5.1976 , p. 23
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas Member States are required to apply the limit values except in cases
whore they may employ quality objectives ;
Mhereas the dangerous substances covered by this Directive have been chosen
mainly        the basis .,f the - rJleria adopted tn Directive /f./ V.4/»:L0 :
Whereas Council Directive 86/280/ EEC ( 2 ), as amended by Directive 88/347/ EEC <3),_
needs to be adjusted and supplemented, on proposals from the Commission, in line
with developments in scientific knowledge relating principally to the toxicity,
persistence and accumulation of these substances in living organisms and sediments,
or in the event of an improvement in the best technical means available,
 HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE :
                                            Article 1
 Annex II to Directive 86/ 280/ EEC is hereby amended as set out in the Annex
 hereto .
                                            Article 2
  1 . The Member States shall bring into force the laws , regulations and
        administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 1
        January 1990 . They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof .
  2 . Member States shall communicate immediately to the Commission
        the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the
        field governed by this Directive .
                                            Article 3
  This Directive is addressed to the Member States .
   Done at                                            For the Council
                                                      The President
  ( 2 ) OJ No L 181 , 4.7.1986 , p. 16
  ( 3 ) O.l No L 158 , 25.6.1988 , p. 35 .
 ---pagebreak---                                         ANNEX
1 . The following text is added under the title , after point 7 :
      ”8 . Relating to 1 , 2-Dichloroethane ( EDC )
      " 9 . Relating to trichloroethylene ( TRI )
    " 10 . Relating to perchloroethylene ( PER )
    " 11 . Relating to trichlorobenzene ( TCB )".
2 . The following text is added after heading C concerning
    chloroform :
VII . : Spo cifi c Provisions rel ating to 1 .2 -D ichloroethane ( EDC )
           ( Np ... 59J.-.CAS -.1 07 - Q6 -2 ( * )
 (*) CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service ) Number
 ---pagebreak---                       Heading A ( 59 ): Limit values tor emission standardsC *)
                       I               1
     Type of           i Type of       i      Limit values expressed    i  To be complied
     industrial        i average       1               £I s             i  with as from
     plant             i value
                       1               i      weight     i concentration!
                       1               1                 1     (**)
                       1               1
                       1               1
                       1
     1 , 2-Di ch loro- 1 Monthly          20 g EDC / t      10 mg / l      1.1.1990
                       1
     ethane            11                 of purified       of EDC
     product i on       I
                                          EDC
     unit               1
                        I                 production
                        1
                        1                 capacity
                        I                 (***)
                        1
                        j Daily         ¡40 g/t          j 20 mg/ l      j 1.1.1990
                        1               I
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
                        1               1
  (*) In view of the volatility of EDC and in order to ensure compliance with
        Article 3(6 ), where the process used involves open-air agitation of the
        effluents containing EDC , Member States must require compliance with the
        limit values upstream of the plants concerned ; they must ensure that all
        waters likely to be polluted are properly taken into account .
 (**) Notwithstanding the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I , these concentration
        limits relate to a reference volume of 2 m^/ tonne of purified EDC .
(***) The purified EDC production capacity includes that fraction of the EDC which
        is not cracked in the vinyl chloride ( VC ) production unit associated with
        the EDC production unit and which is recycled to the EDC purification
        section of the plant .
 ---pagebreak---                     Heading B ( 59 ): Quality objectives
            1                            i                    1
Environment        Quality objectives    .         Unit of          To be complied with
                                                 measurement               as from
             1                           1
 Inland      |            10              I          /ug / l  1         1.1.1990
 surface      |                           I                    I
 waters       |                           I                    I
              1                            I                    I
 Estuary       |          10               I          jug / 1   I        1.1.1990
 waters        1                           I                    I
               1                           II                   I
 Internal      |          10                I        yug / l    I        1.1.1990
 coastal       |                            I                   I
 waters        |                             I                   I
 other than    |                             I                   I
 estuary        |                            I                   I
 waters         1                            I                   I
                1                             I                  I
 Territoriali             10                  I       ug / l      I      1.1.1990
 waters         1                             I                   I
                1                             I                   I
                 1                            I                   I
                 1                             I                  I
 ---pagebreak---                      Headin' ! «J ( 5V >: Rclerence method of mousuiemonl
1 . The reference method of measurement to be used for determining the presence of
     1 , 2-Dichloroethane in effluents and the water environment is high-pressure
     liquid-phase chromatography or gas chromatography with electron capture
     detection after extraction by means of an appropriate solvent .
     The limit of determination is 50yug/l for effluents and 5juq/ 1 for the water
     environment .
2 . The accuracy and precision of the method must be ± 50% at a concentration
     which represents ’twice the value of the limit of determination .
                             0-
                          r  r
                         *•> -m
 ---pagebreak---         Viri . Speciale provip ions rei at ing . . totriehi orge thy1 gne ( Tf? I.).
                            INO...... 1.2.1 ). CAS Z2.-.Q.L:.6 ( * )
CAS ( Chemical Abstract Service ) Number
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               (*) ( ** )
            Heading A ( 121 ) : Limit values for emission standards
 Í '                               I                                  I
 I Type of           Type of       I    Limit values expressed        I To be complied
    industrial       average                      as                      with as from
 I plants (***)      value
                                   I weight             concentration
                                   i    ( * *)          (*■** *· )    I
                                   I                 I                I
                                   I                 I                I
                                   I                 I                I
 i Trichloro-         Monthly            10 g / t    i      2 mg / l   i     1.1.1990
 i ethylene ( TRI )                 I                I                 I
 I and Perchloro-                   II               I
                                                     1
                                                                       I
                                                                       1
    ethylene ( PER )                 I               I                 I
    production        Dai ly         I 20 g/ t        i     4 mg / l   i     1.1.1990
                                     I
                                  -1--1-[■
                                                      I                I
  I Use of TRI for    Monthly        I
                                                      1
                                                         0.1 mg / 1    i
                                                                             1.1.1990
                                     I
    degreasing                       I                I                1
                                     I
    metals            Dai ly         I                   0.2 mg / l          1.1.1990
                                                      I                 I
                                     I                1                 ï
                                     i                                       1.1.1990 (****
    Use of TRI for    Monthly
                                     I
                                      I               1     1 rng / l
    dry c leaning     Dai ly                                2 mg / 1         1.1.1990 (****
                                     I
                                     I                1                 1
                                     I                1                1
                                     I                1                1
                                     I                1                 1
                                     I                1                 1
   (*) A simplified monitoring procedure may be introduced if annual discharges do
       not exceed 30 kg / year . Where this applies to the users referred to in ( b ),
       the concentration limits are 1 mg / l ( monthly average ) and 2 mg / l ( daily
       average ) .
(**) In view of the volatility of trichloroethylene and in order to ensure
       compliance with Article 3(6 ), where the process used involves open-air
       agitation of the effluents containing trichloroethylene , the Member States
       must require compliance with the limit values upstream of the plants
       concerned ; they must ensure that all waters likely to be polluted are
       properly taken into account .
***) The industrial plants referred to in Heading A(3 ) in Annex I include
       those making any use of TRI as a solvent , in particular for extracting
       fats or aromas .
 ---pagebreak---   (****) For sector ( a ), the limit values for TRI discharges are given in relation
         to the total TRI+PER production capacity .
         In respect ot the foui yearly review of the discharge authorizations
         referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 3(3 ), the production
         capacity to be taken into consideration is based on the highest annual
         production recorded during the four years which have elapsed prior to
         the granting or review of the discharge authorization concerned .
 (** **) Notwithstanding the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I , the TRI
         concentration limits are given in relation to the following reference
         volumes :
         ( a ) 5m^/ tonne of TRI + PER produced
         ( b ) 10m^/ tonne of metal treated
         ( c ) 0.25m^/tonne of goods treated
         For sectors ( b ) and ( c ), the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I
         are applied by taking the product of the concentration limit multiplied
         by the reference volume .
(* ****) A further period of five years is granted to existing plants equipped
         with machines of the " open " type which do not enable them to comply with
         this limit value .
 ---pagebreak---                          Heading B ( 121 ): Quality objectives
               r                        I                 I
! Envi ronment | Qua l i ty objective |       Unit of     I  To be complied
I              I                        I  measurement    I        as from
I              I                        I                 I
I              I                        I                 I
                                                                  1.1.1990
| Inland
  surface
               |
               |
                         10             I
                                        I
                                                yug/ l    I
                                                          I
| waters       |                        I                 I
I              I                        I                 I
                                                                  1.1.1990
| Estuary
| waters
               |
               |
                         10             I
                                        I
                                                yug/ l    I
                                                          I
I              I                        I                 I
                                                                  1.1.1990
| Internal
| coastal
               |
               |
                         10             I
                                        I
                                                yug/ l    I
                                                          I
| waters other)                         I                  I
| than estuar >(                        I                 I
¡waters        |                        I                  I
I              I                        I                  I
                                                                  1.1.1990
I Terri torial |
¡waters        |
                         10             I
                                         I      ^g/ l      I
                                                           I
 ---pagebreak---                    Heading . C . ._( 1 21. ) : Reference method . . of. measurement.
I . The reference method of measurement to be used for determining the presence of
     trichloroethylene ( TRI ) in effluents and the water environment is gas
     chromatography .
     Sensitive detection equipment must be used where the concentration is less
     than 0.5 mq/ 1 and , in such cases , the limit of determination is 0.1 /ug/ l .
     For concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/ 1 a limit of determination of 0.1 mg / 1
     is sufficient .
2 . The accuracy and precision of the method must be ± 50% at a concentration
     which represents twice the value of the limit of determination .
 ---pagebreak--- IX . : Si •*?<' i t i c p.-oviU ^ V'-l aUlty W Per, hloroet hy ] ene ...i PER >
       ( No , 1 H '...ÇA3. W / • 10r4‘ * 1
          (*) CAS ( ChenuraL Abstract Service ) Number
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                      (*) (**)
                           Heading A ( 111 ): Limit values for emission standards
    Type of           i Type of         i Limit values expressed       To be complied    i
¡industrial           i average         1           as                 with as from      I
                                                                                         I
¡plant (***)          i value           i   weight     i concentration                   I
                                                                                         I
                                        1   (          1 (** **)
1                     1                                                                  I
1                     1                 1              1                                 I
1                     1                 1              1                                 I
1                                       1                                                I
1                      1                1              !                                 I
    Tri ch loro -                        ! 10 g/t                                         I
                           Monthly                          2 mg / l      1.1.1990
                                                                                          I
    ethylene ( TRI )
    and Perchloro-                       I             !                                  I
                       1                 I              I
    ethylebe ( PER )   1                 I              1                                 I
    production         1                               1                                  I
                                                                                          I
    ( TRI-PER
    processes )
                 .     !1 Daily          I 20 g/t       J   4 mg/ l       1.1.1990
                                                                                           I
                                                                                           I
                        1                 I             I                                  I
 1                      1                 I             1                                  I
                                                                                           I
    Carbon tetra -
 'chloride and
                        j Monthly         I 10 g/t      1   5 mg/ l       1.1.1990
                                          I             1                                  I
 ¡perch loroethy lenje1                                  1
                                                         1                                 I
    production
    ( TETRA-PER         j Daily           j 20 g/t      j 10 mg/ l        1.1.1990
 ^processes )                                                                              I
                                                                                            II
                      1“             _|                  I
  luse of PER for 1 Monthly               I
                                          I
                                                         j  1 mg/ l       1.1.1990 (
  'dry cleaning          1 Daily                            2 mg / l      1.1.1990 (            )
                                          I
                                                                                             i
                                                                                              I
  1                                       I
 |Use of PER for i Monthly                             i 0.1 mg / l       1.1.1990
                                          I                                                  1
 |degreasing            1
 ¡metals                   Daily                       i 0.2 mg / l       1.1.1990
 1                   _|-
                                          I            I                                     1
                                                       I
 | Ch lorof luoro-      i Monthly                                             -
 ¡carbon                                  I
¡production             i Daily
1
    (***** *)
                         1                I                                                  !
   (*) A simplified monitoring procedure may be introduced if annual discharges
 do not exceed 30 kg /year . Where this applies to the users referred to in (b),
 the concentration limits are 1 mg/ l (monthly average ) and 2 mg/ l (daily average )
 ---pagebreak---      (**) In view of the volatility of perch loroethylene and in order to ensure
          compliance wiv!i Article 3(6 ).. where the process used involves open-air
          agitation ol the et fluents containing perchloroethylene the Member
          States must require compliance with the limit values upstream of the
          plants concerned , they must ensure that all waters likely to be polluted
          are properly taken into account .
    (***) The industrial plants referred to in Heading A(3 ) in Annex I include
          those making any use of PER as a solvent , in particular for extracting
          fats or aromas , or as an intermediate substance in the manufacture of
          chlorof luorocarbons .
   (****) For sectors ( a ) and ( b ), the limit values for PER discharges are given
          either in relation to the total TRI + PER production capacity or in
          relation to the total TETRA + PER production capacity .
          In respect of the four yearly review of the discharge authorizations
          referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 3(3 ), the production
          capacity to be taken into consideration is based on the highest annual
          production recorded during the four years which have elapsed prior to
          the granting or review of the discharge authorization concerned .
  (*** *) Notwithstanding the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I , the PER
          concentration limits are given in relation to the following reference ,
          volumes :
          (a ) 5m^/ tonne of TRI + PER produced
          ( b ) 2m^/ tonne of TETRA + PER produced
                      3 ,.      ,     . .   .  .                                     '
          ( c ) 0.25m / tonne of goods treated
          ( d ) 10m^/ tonne of metal treated
          For sectors ( c ) and ( d ), the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I
          are applied by taking the product of the concentration limit multiplied
          by the reference volume .
 (*** **) A further period of five years is granted to existing plants equipped
          with machines of the " open " type which do not enable them to comply
          with this limit value ..
(***** *) At present it is not possible to lay down limit values for this sector .
          The Council will do so at a later date , on a proposal from the Commission .
          For the time being , the Member States will lay down national emission
          standards in accordance with the provisions of Heading A(3 ) in Annex I.
 ---pagebreak---                                   Heading B ( No . 111 ): Quality objectives
1-Γ                                                 I                 I
 lEnvi ronment 1                Quality objective   I      Unit of    I To be complied with
 1                      1                           I measurement     I as from
 1                      1                           I                 I
                                                                       I
  llnland
   Isurface
                         1
                         1
                                       10
                                                    I      yug/ l      I
                                                                       I
                                                                              1.1.1990
   Iwaters               I                           I                 I
   11                     I1                          I                  I
    lEstuary               1           10             I    /ug / l       I    1.1.1990
     Iwaters               1                                             I
     I
     1
                           I
                           1                          I                  I
                                                                          I   1.1.1990
     llnternal
     Icoastal
                            1
                            1
                                       10
                                                      I    r/L
      Iwaters otherl                                                      I
      Ithan                 1                          I                  I
      lestuary              1                          I                   I
      Iwaters                1                                             I
      1                      1                          I
                                                                           I  1.1.1990
      1 Terr i tori a l
      Iwaters
                             1
                             1
                                      10
                                                        ¡   yug/ i          I
      1                      1                          I                   I
       1                     1                           I                  I
       1                      1                          I                  I
 ---pagebreak---                    Heading C ( 111 ) : Reference method of measurement
1 . The reference method of measurement to be used for determining the presence of
     i-errhloroethyJene < PER ) in effluents and the water environment is gas
     chromatography .
     Sensitive detection equipment must be used where the concentration is less
     than 0.5 mg/1 and , in such cases , the limit of determination is 0.1 yug/1 .
     For concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/ 1 , a limit of determination of 0.1
     mg/ 1 is sufficient .
2 . The accuracy and precision of the method must be ± 50% at a concentration
     which represents twice the value of the limit of determination .
 ---pagebreak---                 X - Givc i f i c . . .provi s Ì-OÌS l 'e 1 a t i ng.. to T p jch 1 Q.roberi zen e . ( J_CB )_
                                                   ( Π /.      11 8 ) ( « )
Stands ! il I : Tho concent ration of TCP in the wafer environment., sediments and ■'or
                    molluscs and/ or shellfish and / or fish must not increase
                    s i'in i I leant l v wi Hi I. imp .
(*) TCB may occur as one of the following three isomers :
- 1 , 2,3-TCB      CAS 87-61 -6
- 1,2,4-TCB        CAS 120 - 82 - 1      ( No . 118 )
- 1,3,5-TCB        CAS 180 - 70 - 3
Technical TCB ( No . 117 ) is a mixture of these three isomers , with a preponderance
of 1,2,4-TCB , and may also contain small quantities of di - and
tetrachlorobenzene .
In any case , these, provisions apply to the total TCB ( the sum of the three
isomers ) .
 ---pagebreak---                     Heading A ( 117 , 118 ): Limit values for emission standards
                                                                                             I
    ¡Type of
        industrial
                          j    Type of
                               average
                                         iI Limit values expressed
                                                         as
                                                                             To be complied
                                                                             with as from
                                                                                             II
                                          I                                                   II
        plant (*) (**)         value           weight     .concentration II                    I
    I                     I                    (***)         (****)       I                    I
    I                     I                                               I                    I
    I                     I               I               I              I                     I
    I                     I               I               I               I                    I
    I                     I               I               I               I                    I
    I                     I               I               I               I                     I
    I                     I               I               I               I                     I
a ) I Production of       '     Monthly   I 10 g / t      I    1 mg / l   I    1.1.1990         I
    I TCB via dehydro-                                                     I                    I
    I chlorination I                      I                1               I                    I
    I of HCH and / or I                   I                1               I                    I
    I processing of I           Dai ly    I    20 g / t    1   2 mg /I     I   1.1.1990         I
    I TCB                  I               I               1               I                     I
    I                      I               I               1               I                    I
                                           I               1               I                     I
b ) ! Production and /I         Monthly    I 0.5 g / t     1 0.05 mg / l   I   1.1.1990         I
    I or processing I                      I               1               I                     I
    I of chloro -         I               I                1               I                     I
    I    benzenes via      I               I               1               I                      I
    I    chlorination      I Dai ly        I    1 g/t      1 0.1 mg / l    I   '1.1.1990         i
    I    of benzene        I               I               I               I                     I
    I                      I               I               I               I                     I
    I                      Γ               I              I                I                     I
c) I     Use of TCB in | Monthly                                                                 I
    I    the text i le     I               Í               I               I                      I
    I    industry         | Dai ly         I               I               I                     I
      J (       )            I               I             I             I                     I
      I                      I               I          _ I              I                  J
      (*) A simplified monitoring procedure may be introduced if annual discharges
            do not exceed 30 kg / year .
   (**> The industrial plants referred to in Heading A(3 ) in Annex I include
            those making non-captive use of TCB , in particular as a solvent or base
            for dyes in the textile industry .
 (***)           limit values for discharges of TCB ( sum of the three isomers ) are
            given :
           - for sector ( a ): in relation to the total TCB production or processing
              capacity ,
           - for sector ( b ): in relation to the total production or processing
              capacity for mono - anH di ch lorobenzenes .
 ---pagebreak---  (****) Notwithstanding the provisions of Heading A(4 ) in Annex I , the
        concentration Limits are given in relation to the following reference
        volumes :
        For sector ( a ): 10m^ per tonne of TCB produced or processed,
        For sector ( h ) : 10m per tonne of chloro - and d i ch lorobenxenes
        produced or processed .
(*** *) At present it is not possible to lay down limit values for this
        sector .  The Council will do so at a later date , on a proposal from
        the Commission .
        For the time being , the Member States will lay down emission standards
        in accordance with the provisions of Heading A(3 ) in Annex I.
 ---pagebreak---              Heading B ( 117 , 118 ): Qua l i ty_ object ives
Envi ronment    Quality objective         Unit of             To be complied with
                                          measurement         as from
Inland
surface
                      0.1
                                      !        r/L                1.1.1990
waters
                                      I
                                      I
Estuary               0.1                                         1.1.1990
waters
                                      I
Internal
coastal
                      0.1
                                      !        rn                 1.1.1990
waters
                                      I
other than                            I
estuary
                                      I
waters
                                      I
                                      I
Territorial
waters
                     0.1
                                      !
                                      »
                                               r/L                1.1.1990
 ---pagebreak---                  Heading C u 1 7 . 118 ): Reference method of measurement
1 . The reference method of measurement to be used for determining the presence of
     trichlorobenzene ( TCB ) in effluents and the water environment is gas
     chromatography with electron capture detection after extraction by means of
     an appropriate solvent . The limit of determination is 1 yjg/ 1 for effluents
     and 10 ng / 1 for the water environment .
2 . The reference method to be used for determining TCB in sediments and organisms
     is gas chromatography with electron capture detection after appropriate
     preparation of the sample . The limit of determination is 1 yug/kg .
3 . The accuracy and precision of the method must be ± 50*4 at a concentration
     which represents twice the value of the limit of determination .