CELEX: 52003PC0731
Language: en
Date: 2003-11-27
Title: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (Codified version)

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52003PC0731

Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (Codified version)  /* COM/2003/0731 final - COD 2003/0283 */  

Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on waste (Codified version)(presented by the Commission)EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM1. In the context of a people's Europe, the Commission attaches great importance to simplifying and clarifying Community law so as to make it clearer and more accessible to the ordinary citizen, thus giving him new opportunities and the chance to make use of the specific rights it gives him.This aim cannot be achieved so long as numerous provisions that have been amended several times, often quite substantially, remain scattered, so that they must be sought partly in the original instrument and partly in later amending ones. Considerable research work, comparing many different instruments, is thus needed to identify the current rules.For this reason a codification of rules that have frequently been amended is also essential if Community law is to be clear and transparent.2. On 1 April 1987 the Commission therefore decided [1] to instruct its staff that all legislative acts should be codified after no more than ten amendments, stressing that this is a minimum requirement and that departments should endeavour to codify at even shorter intervals the texts for which they are responsible, to ensure that the Community rules are clear and readily understandable.[1]  COM(1987) 868 PV.3. The Conclusions of the Presidency of the Edinburgh European Council (December 1992) confirmed this [2], stressing the importance of codification as it offers certainty as to the law applicable to a given matter at a given time.[2]  See Annex 3 to Part A of the Conclusions.Codification must be undertaken in full compliance with the normal Community legislative procedure.Given that no changes of substance may be made to the instruments affected by codification, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission have agreed, by an interinstitutional agreement dated 20 December 1994, that an accelerated procedure may be used for the fast-track adoption of codification instruments.4. The purpose of this proposal is to undertake a codification of Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste [3]. The new Directive will supersede the various acts incorporated in it [4]; this proposal fully preserves the content of the acts being codified and hence does no more than bring them together with only such formal amendments as are required by the codification exercise itself.[3]  Carried out pursuant to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Codification of the Acquis communautaire, COM(2001) 645 final.[4]  See Annex III, Part A of this proposal.5. The codification proposal was drawn up on the basis of a preliminary consolidation, in all official languages, of Directive 75/442/EEC and the instruments amending it, carried out by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, by means of a data-processing system. Where the Articles have been given new numbers, the correlation between the old and the new numbers is shown in a table contained in Annex IV to the codified Directive.2003/0283 (COD)75/442/EEC (adapted)Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on waste (Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article  175  thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee [5],[5]  OJ C [...], [...], p. [...].Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions [6],[6]  OJ C [...], [...], p. [...].Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty [7],[7]  OJ C [...], [...], p. [...].Whereas:(1) Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste [8] has been substantially amended several times [9]. In the interests of clarity and rationality the said Directive should be codified.[8]  OJ L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 (OJ L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1).[9]  See Annex III, Part A.75/442/EEC recital 3 (adapted)(2) The essential objective of all provisions relating to waste  management  should be the protection of human health and the environment against harmful effects caused by the collection, transport, treatment, storage and tipping of waste.91/156/EEC recital 3(3) Common terminology and a definition of waste are needed in order to improve the efficiency of waste management in the Community.75/442/EEC recital 6 (adapted)(4) Effective and consistent rules on waste disposal  and recovery  should be applied  in principle  to movable property which the owner disposes of  or intends  or is required to dispose of .75/442/EEC recital 4 and 91/156/EEC recital 6 (adapted)(5) The recovery of waste and the use of recovered materials should be encouraged in order to conserve natural resources.  It may be necessary to adopt specific rules for re-usable waste.91/156/EEC recital 4(6) In order to achieve a high level of environmental protection, the Member States should, in addition to taking action to ensure the responsible removal and recovery of waste, take measures to restrict the production of waste particularly by promoting clean technologies and products which can be recycled and re-used, taking into consideration existing or potential market opportunities for recovered waste.91/156/EEC recital 7(7) It is important for the Community as a whole to become self-sufficient in waste disposal and it is desirable for Member States individually to aim at such self-sufficiency.91/156/EEC recital 8 (adapted)(8) In order to achieve  those  objectives, waste management plans should be drawn up in the Member States.91/156/EEC recital 9(9) Movements of waste should be reduced and Member States may take the necessary measures to that end in their management plans.91/156/EEC recital 10(10) To ensure a high level of protection and effective control, it is necessary to provide for authorisation and inspection of undertakings which carry out waste disposal and recovery.91/156/EEC recital 11(11) Subject to certain conditions, and provided that they comply with environmental protection requirements, some establishments which process their waste themselves or carry out waste recovery may be exempted from permit requirements. Such establishments should be subject to registration.91/156/EEC recital 12(12) In order that waste can be monitored from its production to its final disposal, other undertakings involved with waste, such as waste collectors, carriers and brokers should also be subject to authorisation or registration and appropriate inspection.75/442/EEC recital 8 (adapted)(13) That proportion of the costs not covered by the proceeds of  recovering  the waste should be defrayed in accordance with the "polluter pays" principle.(14) The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directive should be adopted in accordance with Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission [10].[10]  OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.(15) This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex III, Part B,75/442/EECHAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)Article 11.  For the purposes of this Directive:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1(a) "waste" shall mean any substance or object in the categories set out in Annex I which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard;(b) "producer" shall mean anyone whose activities produce waste ("original producer") and/or anyone who carries out pre-processing, mixing or other operations resulting in a change in the nature or composition of this waste;(c) "holder" shall mean the producer of the waste or the natural or legal person who is in possession of it;(d) "management" shall mean the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and after-care of disposal sites;(e) "disposal" shall mean any of the operations provided for in Annex IIA;(f) "recovery" shall mean any of the operations provided for in Annex IIB;(g) "collection" shall mean the gathering, sorting and/or mixing of waste for the purpose of transport.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt.1 (adapted)2. For the purposes of paragraph 1(a) the Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2), shall draw up a list of wastes belonging to the categories listed in Annex I. This list shall be periodically reviewed and, if necessary, revised in accordance with the same procedure.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1Article 21. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive:(a) gaseous effluents emitted into the atmosphere;(b) where they are already covered by other legislation:(i) radioactive waste;(ii) waste resulting from prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working of quarries;(iii) animal carcases and the following agricultural waste: faecal matter and other natural, non-dangerous substances used in farming;(iv) waste waters, with the exception of waste in liquid form;(v) decommissioned explosives.2. Specific rules for particular instances, or supplementing those of this Directive, on the management of particular categories of waste may be laid down by means of individual Directives.Article 31. Member States shall take appropriate measures to encourage:(a) firstly, the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness, in particular by:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)(i)  the development of clean technologies more sparing in their use of natural resources ;(ii)  the technical development and marketing of products designed so as to make no contribution or to make the smallest possible contribution, by the nature of their manufacture, use or final disposal, to increasing the amount or harmfulness of waste and pollution hazards ;(iii)  the development of appropriate techniques for the final disposal of dangerous substances contained in waste destined for recovery;(b) secondly:(i)  the recovery of waste by means of recycling, re-use or reclamation or any other process with a view to extracting secondary raw materials; or(ii)  the use of waste as a source of energy.2. Except where Directive  98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [11]  applies, Member States shall inform the Commission of any measures they intend to take to achieve the aims set out in paragraph 1. The Commission shall inform the other Member States and the Committee referred to in Article 18  (1)  of such measures.[11]  Ö OJ L 204, 21.7.1998, p. 37. ÕArticle 41.  Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that waste is recovered or disposed of without endangering human health and without using processes or methods which could harm the environment, and in particular:(a)  without risk to water, air or soil, or to plants or animals ;(b)  without causing a nuisance through noise or odours ;(c)  without adversely affecting the countryside or places of special interest.2.  Member States shall take the necessary measures to prohibit the abandonment, dumping or uncontrolled disposal of waste.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1Article 51. Member States shall take appropriate measures, in cooperation with other Member States where this is necessary or advisable, to establish an integrated and adequate network of disposal installations, taking account of the best available technology not involving excessive costs. The network must enable the Community as a whole to become self-sufficient in waste disposal and the Member States to move towards that aim individually, taking into account geographical circumstances or the need for specialised installations for certain types of waste.2. The network must enable waste to be disposed of in one of the nearest appropriate installations, by means of the most appropriate methods and technologies in order to ensure a high level of protection for the environment and public health.Article 6Member States shall establish or designate the competent authority or authorities to be responsible for the implementation of this Directive.Article 71. In order to attain the objectives referred to in Articles 3, 4 and 5, the competent authority or authorities referred to in Article 6 shall be required to draw up as soon as possible one or more waste management plans. Such plans shall relate in particular to:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)(a)  the type, quantity and origin of waste to be recovered or disposed of ;(b)  general technical requirements ;(c)  any special arrangements for particular wastes ;(d)  suitable disposal sites or installations.2. The  plans  referred to in paragraph 1  may, for example, cover:(a)  the natural or legal persons empowered to carry out the management of waste ;(b)  the estimated costs of the recovery and disposal operations ;(c)  appropriate measures to encourage rationalisation of the collection, sorting and treatment of waste.3.  Member States shall cooperate as appropriate with the other Member States and the Commission to draw up such plans. They shall notify them to the Commission.4.  Member States may take the measures necessary to prevent movements of waste which are not in accordance with their waste management plans. They shall inform the Commission and the Member States of any such measures.Article 8Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that any holder of waste:(a)  has it handled by a private or public waste collector or by an undertaking which carries out the operations listed in Annex IIA or IIB; or(b)  recovers or disposes of it himself in accordance with the provisions of this Directive.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt.1Article 91. For the purposes of implementing Articles 4, 5 and 7, any establishment or undertaking which carries out the operations specified in Annex II A must obtain a permit from the competent authority referred to in Article 6.Such permit shall cover:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)(a)  the types and quantities of waste ;(b)  the technical requirements ;(c)  the safety precautions to be taken ;(d)  the disposal site ;(e)  the treatment method.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 12. Permits may be granted for a specified period, they may be renewable, they may be subject to conditions and obligations, or, notably, if the intended method of disposal is unacceptable from the point of view of envrionmental protection, they may be refused.Article 10For the purposes of implementing Article 4, any establishment or undertaking which carries out the operations referred to in Annex II B must obtain a permit.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)Article 111. Without prejudice to Council Directive  91/689/EEC [12] , the following may be exempted from the permit requirement laid down in Article 9 or Article 10:[12]  Ö OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 20. Õ(a) establishments or undertakings carrying out their own waste disposal at the place of production; and(b) establishments or undertakings that carry out waste recovery.2. The  exemption  referred to in paragraph 1  may apply only:(a)  if the competent authorities have adopted general rules for each type of activity, laying down the types and quantities of waste and the conditions under which the activity in question may be exempted from the permit requirement ;  and(b)  if the types or quantities of waste and methods of disposal or recovery are such that the conditions laid down in Article 4 are complied with.3.  The establishments or undertakings referred to in paragraph 1 shall be registered with the competent authorities.4.  Member States shall inform the Commission of the general rules adopted pursuant to paragraph  2(a) .91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt.1 (adapted)Article 12Establishments or undertakings which collect or transport waste on a professional basis or which arrange for the disposal or recovery of waste on behalf of others (dealers or brokers)  shall , where  they are  not subject to authorisation, be registered with the competent authorities.Article 13Establishments or undertakings which carry out the operations referred to in Articles 9 to 12 shall be subject to appropriate periodic inspections by the competent authorities.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)Article 141.  All establishments or undertakings referred to in Articles 9 and 10 shall:(a)  keep a record of the quantity, nature, origin and, where relevant, the destination, frequency of collection, mode of transport and treatment method in respect of the waste referred to in Annex I and the operations referred to in Annex IIA or IIB ;(b)  make this information available, on request, to the competent authorities referred to in Article 6.2.  Member States may also require producers to comply with the provisions of  paragraph 1  .91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1Article 15In accordance with the "polluter pays" principle, the cost of disposing of waste must be borne by:91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)(a)  the holder who has waste handled by a waste collector or by an undertaking as referred to in Article 9 ;  and/or(b)  the previous holders or the producer of the product from which the waste came.91/692/EEC Art. 5 and Annex VI.b (adapted)Article 16At intervals of three years Member States shall send information to the Commission on the implementation of this Directive, in the form of a sectoral report which shall also cover other pertinent Community Directives. The report shall be drawn up on the basis of a questionnaire or outline drafted by the Commission in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 6 of  Council  Directive 91/692/EEC [13]. The questionnaire or outline shall be sent to the Member States six months before the start of the period covered by the report. The report shall be made to the Commission within nine months of the end of the three-year period covered by it.[13]  OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48.The Commission shall publish a Community report on the implementation of the Directive within nine months of receiving the reports from the Member States.91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 1 (adapted)Article 17The amendments necessary for adapting the Annexes to scientific and technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure  referred to  in Article 18  (2)  .1882/2003 Art. 3 and Annex III pt. 1 (adapted)Article 181. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee.2. Where reference is made to this  paragraph  , Articles 5 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.The period laid down in Article 5(6) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.3. The Committee shall adopt its rules of procedure.75/442/EEC Art. 20 (adapted)1 91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 2Article 1  19Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.Article 20Directive 75/442/EEC, as amended by the acts listed in Annex III, Part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex III, Part B.References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex IV.Article 21This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.75/442/EEC Art. 21 (adapted)1 91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 2Article 1  22This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Done at Brussels, [...]For the European Parliament For the CouncilThe President The President[...] [...]91/156/EEC Art. 1 pt. 3ANNEX ICATEGORIES OF WASTEQ1 Production or consumption residues not otherwise specified belowQ2 Off-specification productsQ3 Products whose date for appropriate use has expiredQ4 Materials spilled, lost or having undergone other mishap, including any materials, equipment, etc., contaminated as a result of the mishapQ5 Materials contaminated or soiled as a result of planned actions (e.g. residues from cleaning operations, packing materials, containers, etc.)Q6 Unusable parts (e.g. reject batteries, exhausted catalysts, etc.)Q7 Substances which no longer perform satisfactorily (e.g. contaminated acids, contaminated solvents, exhausted tempering salts, etc.)Q8 Residues of industrial processes (e.g. slags, still bottoms, etc.)Q9 Residues from pollution abatement processes (e.g. scrubber sludges, baghouse dusts, spent filters, etc.)Q10 Machining/finishing residues (e.g. lathe turnings, mill scales, etc.)Q11 Residues from raw materials extraction and processing (e.g. mining residues, oil field slops, etc.)Q12 Adulterated materials (e.g. oils contaminated with PCBs, etc.)Q13 Any materials, substances or products whose use has been banned by lawQ14 Products for which the holder has no further use (e.g. agricultural, household, office, commercial and shop discards, etc.)Q15 Contaminated materials, substances or products resulting from remedial action with respect to landQ16 Any materials, substances or products which are not contained in the above categories.96/350/EC Art. 1ANNEX IIADISPOSAL OPERATIONSNB: This Annex is intended to list disposal operations such as they occur in practice. In accordance with Article 4, waste must be disposed of without endangering human health and without the use of processes or methods likely to harm the environment.D 1 Deposit into or on to land (e.g. landfill, etc.)D 2 Land treatment (e.g. biodegradation of liquid or sludgy discards in soils, etc.)D 3 Deep injection (e.g. injection of pumpable discards into wells, salt domes or naturally occurring repositories, etc.)D 4 Surface impoundment (e.g. placement of liquid or sludgy discards into pits, ponds or lagoons, etc.)D 5 Specially engineered landfill (e.g. placement into lined discrete cells which are capped and isolated from one another and the environment, etc.)D 6 Release into a water body except seas/oceansD 7 Release into seas/oceans including sea-bed insertionD 8 Biological treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds or mixtures which are discarded by means of any of the operations numbered D 1 to D 12D 9 Physico-chemical treatment not specified elsewhere in this Annex which results in final compounds or mixtures which are discarded by means of any of the operations numbered D 1 to D 12 (e.g. evaporation, drying, calcination, etc.)D 10 Incineration on landD 11 Incineration at seaD 12 Permanent storage (e.g. emplacement of containers in a mine, etc.)D 13 Blending or mixing prior to submission to any of the operations numbered D 1 to D 12D 14 Repackaging prior to submission to any of the operations numbered D 1 to D 13D 15 Storage pending any of the operations numbered D 1 to D 14 (excluding temporary storage, pending collection, on the site where it is produced)ANNEX IIBRECOVERY OPERATIONSNB: This Annex is intended to list recovery operations as they occur in practice. In accordance with Article 4, waste must be recovered without endangering human health and without the use of processes or methods likely to harm the environment.R 1 Use principally as a fuel or other means to generate energyR 2 Solvent reclamation/regenerationR 3 Recycling/reclamation of organic substances which are not used as solvents (including composting and other biological transformation processes)R 4 Recycling/reclamation of metals and metal compoundsR 5 Recycling/reclamation of other inorganic materialsR 6 Regeneration of acids or basesR 7 Recovery of components used for pollution abatementR 8 Recovery of components from catalystsR 9 Oil re-refining or other reuses of oilR 10 Land treatment resulting in benefit to agriculture or ecological improvementR 11 Use of wastes obtained from any of the operations numbered R 1 to R 10R 12 Exchange of wastes for submission to any of the operations numbered R 1 to R 11R 13 Storage of wastes pending any of the operations numbered R 1 to R 12 (excluding temporary storage, pending collection, on the site where it is produced)ANNEX IIIPart ARepealed Directive with its successive amendments(referred to in Article 20)Council Directive 75/442/EEC (OJ L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39)  //Council Directive 91/156/EEC (OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 32)  //Council Directive 91/692/EEC (OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48)  //  only as regards the reference to Directive 75/442/EEC in Annex VICommission Decision 96/350/EC (OJ L 135, 6.6.1996, p. 32)  //Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 284, 31.10. 2003, p. 1)  //  Annex III, point 1 onlyPart BList of time-limits for transposition into national law(referred to in Article 20)Directive  //  Time-limit for transposition75/442/EEC  //  17 July 197791/156/EEC  //  1 April 199391/692/EEC  //  1 January 1995ANNEX IVCorrelation TableDirective 75/442/EEC  //  This DirectiveArticle 1, introductory words  //  Article 1(1) introductory wordsArticle 1(a) first subparagraph  //  Article 1(1)(a)Article 1(a) second subparagraph  //  Article 1(2)Article 1(b) - (g)  //  Article 1(1)(b) - (g)Article 2  //  Article 2Article 3(1) introductory words  //  Article 3(1) introductory wordsArticle 3(1)(a) introductory words  //  Article 3(1)(a) introductory wordsArticle 3(1)(a) first indent  //  Article 3(1)(a)(i)Article 3(1)(a) second indent  //  Article 3(1)(a)(ii)Article 3(1)(a) third indent  //  Article 3(1)(a)(iii)Article 3(1)(b), introductory words  //  Article 3(1)(b) introductory wordsArticle 3(1)(b) first indent  //  Article 3(1)(b)(i)Article 3(1)(b) second indent  //  Article 3(1)(b)(ii)Article 3(2)  //  Article 3(2)Article 4, first paragraph, introductory words  //  Article 4(1), introductory wordsArticle 4, first paragraph, first indent  //  Article 4(1)(a)Article 4, first paragraph, second indent  //  Article 4(1)(b)Article 4, first paragraph, third indent  //  Article 4(1)(c)Article 4, second paragraph  //  Article 4(2)Article 5  //  Article 5Article 6  //  Article 6Article 7(1), first subparagraph, introductory words  //  Article 7(1), introductory wordsArticle 7(1), first subparagraph, first indent  //  Article 7(1)(a)Article 7(1), first subparagraph, second indent  //  Article 7(1)(b)Article 7(1), first subparagraph, third indent  //  Article 7(1)(c)Article 7(1), first subparagraph, fourth indent  //  Article 7(1)(d)Article 7(1), second subparagraph, introductory words  //  Article 7(2), introductory wordsArticle 7(1), second subparagraph, first indent  //  Article 7(2)(a)Article 7(1), second subparagraph, second indent  //  Article 7(2)(b)Article 7(1), second subparagraph, third indent  //  Article 7(2)(c)Article 7(2)  //  Article 7(3)Article 7(3)  //  Article 7(4)Article 8, introductory words  //  Article 8, introductory wordsArticle 8, first indent  //  Article 8(a)Article 8, second indent  //  Article 8(b)Article 9(1), first subparagraph  //  Article 9(1), first subparagraphArticle 9(1), second subparagraph, introductory words  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, introductory wordsArticle 9(1), second subparagraph, first indent  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, (a)Article 9(1), second subparagraph, second indent  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, (b)Article 9(1), second subparagraph, third indent  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, (c)Article 9(1), second subparagraph, fourth indent  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, (d)Article 9(1), second subparagraph, fifth indent  //  Article 9(1), second subparagraph, (e)Article 9(2)  //  Article 9(2)Article 10  //  Article 10Article 11(1), first subparagraph  //  Article 11(1)Article 11(1), second subparagraph, introductory words  //  Article 11(2), introductory wordsArticle 11(1), second subparagraph, first indent  //  Article 11(2)(a)Article 11(1), second subparagraph, second indent  //  Article 11(2)(b)Article 11(2)  //  Article 11(3)Article 11(3)  //  Article 11(4)Article 12  //  Article 12Article 13  //  Article 13Article 14, first paragraph, introductory words  //  Article 14(1), introductory wordsArticle 14, first paragraph, first indent  //  Article 14(1)(a)Article 14, first paragraph, second indent  //  Article 14(1)(b)Article 14, second subparagraph  //  Article 14(2)Article 15, introductory words  //  Article 15, introductory wordsArticle 15, first indent  //  Article 15(a)Article 15, second indent  //  Article 15(b)Article 16, first paragraph  //  Article 16, first paragraphArticle 16, second paragraph  //  ___Article 16, third paragraph  //  Article 16, second paragraphArticle 17  //  Article 17Article 18  //  Article 18Article 19  //  ________Article 20  //  Article 19_______  //  Article 20_______  //  Article 21Article 21  //  Article 22Annex I  //  Annex IAnnex II A  //  Annex II AAnnex II B  //  Annex II B________  //  Annex III________  //  Annex IV