CELEX: 51991PC0358
Language: en
Date: 1991-11-18
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on procedures for harmonizing the programmes for the reduction and eventual elimination of pollution caused by caused by waste from the titanium dioxide industry

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                         COM(91) 358 final - SYN 362
                                         Brussels, 18  November 1991
                                 Proposal for a
                               COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
        on procedures for harmonizing the programmes for the reduction
          and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from
                         the titanium dioxide industry
                         (presented by the Commission)
"ili*
#**
 ---pagebreak---                               - 2 -
                         EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1. Introduction
On   18 April 1983   the   Commission,   in   conformity  with   Council
Directive 78/176/EEC of 20 February 1978 on waste from the titanium
dioxide industry, and in particular Article 9 thereof,1 presented to
the Council a proposal for a Directive based on Articles 100 and 235 of
the EEC Treaty designed to harmonize the programmes for the reduction
and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from the titanium
dioxide industry and to improve the conditions of competition in that
sector.^
The proposal was amended in 1984 pursuant to the second paragraph of
Article 149 of the EEC Treaty and was then discussed on several
occasions by the Council.-* Following the entry into force of the
Single European Act, the Commission changed the legal basis of its
proposal to Article 100a.
Nevertheless, at its meeting of 24 and 25 November 1988, the Council
agreed a common position basing the proposed Directive on Article 130s
of the EEC Treaty. Although Parliament, when consulted by the Council
on this change, was of the opinion that the legal basis proposed by the
Commission was appropriate, the Council adopted the Directive in
question on the basis of Article 130s.
The Commission, considering that Article 100a was the appropriate legal
basis for Directive 89/428/EEC,4 instituted proceedings for annulment
before the Court of Justice on 28 September 1989 pursuant to the first
paragraph of Article 173 of the EEC Treaty.
In its judgment delivered on 11 June 1991, the Court found that
Article 100a of the EEC Treaty was the legal basis which should have
been chosen, and annulled Directive 89/428/EEC on the grounds that it
lacked a proper legal basis 5
The Court's decision has important legal effects, since the national
measures transposing the annulled Directive 89/428/EEC have lost their
foundation in Community law.
It is worth noting in this respect that Member States should, pursuant
to Article 12 of Directive 89/428/EEC, have brought the necessary
provisions into force to comply with this Directive at the latest by
31 December 1989 and, furthermore, that transposai has already been
achieved to a large extent in those Member States that have discharged
their obligations in this field.
Since, apart from the legal basis and the provisions on derogations
from application of the Directive, the other provisions serve the
intended objective, which is to eliminate distortions of competition
and to protect the environment, the Commission takes the view that no
Member State need cancel its national measures transposing the
Directive.
1  OJ No L 54, 25.2.1978, p. 19.
2  OJ No C 138, 26.5.1983, p. 5.
3  OJ No C 167, 27.6.1984, P. 9.
4  OJ No L 201, 14.7.1989, p. 56.
5  Judgment   of   11.6.1991   in   Case  C-300/89,   Commission-European
   Parliament v Council (not yet published).
 ---pagebreak---                               - 3 -
Finally, Article 176 of the EEC Treaty requires the institution whose
act has been declared void to take the necessary measures to comply
with the judgment.
To this end, the Commission hereby sends to the Council and Parliament
a new proposal for a Directive based on Article 100a of the EEC Treaty.
In order to fill rapidly the temporary legal void created by the
abovementioned annulment decision, the Commission considers it
appropriate to include in its new proposal provisions ensuring
continuity in the achievement of the objectives of the annulled
Directive 89/428/EEC. This does not, of course, apply to the legal
basis or to the provisions of the Directive allowing derogations to the
implementation timetable, as this would be contrary to the requirements
of Article 100a of the EEC Treaty.
Consequently, the Commission calls on the other institutions to take
all appropriate measures to expedite the adoption procedure.
2. Legal baais
This proposal for a Directive lays down the procedures for harmonizing
the programmes for the reduction and eventual elimination of pollution
caused by waste from existing industrial establishments in the titanium
dioxide industry, pursuant to Article 9 of Council Directive 78/176/EEC
of 20 February 1978 on waste from the titanium dioxide industry.
Although national programmes to reduce pollution in this field have
been introduced for environmental protection reasons, they need to be
harmonized in order to eliminate distortions of competition resulting
from differences between the programmes.
The existence and/or maintenance of different national rules applicable
to competing industrial establishments in the titanium dioxide sector
results in major economic differences regarding in particular the
 investments which the industry is required to make, which are reflected
in the cost of the finished product.
Differences also result in the level of environmental protection in the
individual Member States.
For all these reasons, it is necessary to harmonize the programmes.
Given this objective, and in conformity with the grounds stated by the
Court in its abovementioned annulment decision, this proposal for a
Directive contributes to completion of the internal market and
therefore falls within the scope of Article 100a.
Consequently, and in implementation of the Court's judgment of
 11 June 1991 in Case C-300/89, the legal basis for this proposal for a
Directive is Article 100a of the EEC Treaty.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 4 -
3- Content of the proposal
The proposal retains the technical provisions (prohibition of dumping
and discharge, limit values) of the annulled Directive 89/428/EEC with
the object of ensuring continuity in the achievement of the
environmental protection objectives adopted by the Council in this
field in 1989.
The Commission considers this approach to be appropriate in view,
firstly, of the lengthy political debate in the Community which
preceded adoption of Directive 89/428/EEC now declared void and,
secondly, of important financial aspects concerning the investments
already made by the industrial establishments concerned in technology
for treating titanium dioxide waste in order to comply with the
objectives    and    implementation   timetable    of   the    annulled
Directive 89/428/EEC.
In addition, the current temporary legal void created by the annulment
decision is likely to have adverse effects on the environment and on
the conditions of competition in the titanium dioxide industry; it must
therefore be speedily rectified by the adoption of a new directive
restoring the conditions created in 1989.
Since the implementation calendar established by the annulled
Directive 89/428/EEC has largely been overtaken, this proposal sets new
target dates in the near future.
The proposed timetable is based on the following considerations:
- the main provisions of Directive 89/428/EEC now declared void should
  have been and in fact were implemented between 31 December 1989 and
  30 June 1990 in certain Member States (which should therefore not be
  placed at a disadvantage compared with the other Member States);
- Community legal certainty in the field must be reestablished as
  quickly as possible.
The timetables for reducing discharges to the aquatic environment and
to the air differ from one another.
A. Discharges to the aquatic environment
The timetable contained in Articles 3 to 6 of the proposal specifies
the following dates:
- 31 January 1993 (31.12.1989 in Directive 89/428/EEC now declared
  void)
   1.  Prohibition of the dumping of waste (discharge to the aquatic
       environment from ships or aircraft of any type) (Article 3).
 ---pagebreak---                                - 5 -
   2.  Prohibition of discharges (other than dumping) to the aquatic
       environment of solid waste and strong acid waste from existing
        industrial establishments using the sulphate process or the
       chloride process (Article 4a-b).
   3.  Prohibition of discharges (other than dumping) to the aquatic
       environment    of treatment     waste  from    existing    industrial
       establishments using the sulphate process (Article 4a).
   4.  Effective date for the reduction of weak acid waste, treatment
       waste    and    neutralized    waste  from    existing     industrial
       establishments using the chloride process to certain values of
       total    chloride   per   tonne   of  titanium    dioxide    produced
        (Article 5b).
5. Final date for communication to the Commission by Member States of
   their programme for reducing weak acid waste and neutralized waste
   from existing industrial establishments using the sulphate process
   to certain values of total sulphate per tonne of titanium dioxide
   produced, where these States encounter major technical and economic
   difficulties (Article 6 ) .
- 31 December    1993  (31.12.1992  in Directive 89/428/EEC    now declared
  void)
Target date for reducing weak acid waste and neutralized waste from
existing industrial establishments using the sulphate process to
certain values of total sulphate per tonne of titanium dioxide produced
(Article 5a).
- 31 December 1994 (idem Directive 89/428/EEC now declared void)
Expiry of the derogation from the target date for the reduction of weak
acid waste and neutralized waste to certain values of total sulphate
per tonne of titanium dioxide produced          (sulphate process only)
(Article 6 ) .
B. Discharges to the air
The timetable results from Article 8 of the proposal:
- 31 January    1993  (31.12.1989  in Directive   89/428/EEC   now  declared
  void)
Target date for the reduction to certain values of discharges of dust
and chlorine from existing establishments using the chloride process
(Article 8b i-ii).
 ---pagebreak---                              - 6 -
- 31 December  1993  (31.12.1990 in Directive 89/428/EEC now declared
  void)
Target date for the reduction to certain values of discharges of dust
from existing establishments using the sulphate process (Article 8a i ) .
- 1 January 1995 (idem in Directive 89/428/EEC now declared void)
Target date for the reduction to certain values of discharges of S0 2
arising from digestion and calcination steps in the manufacture of
titanium dioxide from existing establishments using the sulphate
process (Article 8a ii).
The scope for Member States to postpone application of certain
provisions, in particular those relating to discharges to the aquatic
environment provided for by Articles 5 and 7(2) of the annulled
Directive 89/428/EEC have not been maintained in the proposal, as they
no longer have any justification.
These Articles enabled Member States to postpone until 31 December 1992
at the latest the implementation date laid down in Articles 3 and 6(b)
of Directive 89/428/EEC and that laid down in Article 4 (for which an
additional six months' period of grace could be granted by the
Commission), provided that the Member States concerned submitted a
corresponding effective programme of reduction to the Commission by
31 December 1989 at the latest.
As no Member State had availed itself of this scope for derogation
within the periods laid down in the former Directive and since 10 and
11 Member States respectively had stated that they did not wish to use
this derogation, there is no longer any cause to include such
provisions.
By   contrast,  the   derogation   provided  for  in Article 7(1)     of
Directive 89/428/EEC is maintained in Article 6 of this proposal.
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                 - 7 -
                                Proposal for a
                              COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
      on procedures for harmonizing the programmes for the reduction
        and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from
                        the titanium dioxide industry
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the            European   Economic
Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission1,
In cooperation with the European Parliament2,
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee3,
Whereas Council Directive 89/428/EEC of 21 June 1989 on procedures for
harmonizing the programmes for the reduction and eventual elimination
of pollution caused by waste from the titanium dioxide industry4 was
annulled by the Court of Justice in its judgment of 11 June 1991 on the
grounds that it lacked an appropriate legal basis; 5
Whereas the legal void caused by the annulment of the Directive may
have adverse effects on the environment and on conditions of
competition in the titanium dioxide production sector; whereas it it
necessary to restore the material situation created by the annulled
Directive 89/428/EEC;
Whereas the objective of this Directive is to approximate national
 rules relating to titanium dioxide production conditions in order to
 eliminate the existing distortions of competition between producers in
 the industry and to ensure a high level of environmental protection;
 Whereas Council Directive 78/176/EEC of 20 February 1978 on waste from
 the     titanium    dioxide      industry6,    as    last    amended     by
                      7
 Directive 83/29/EEC , and in particular Article 9 thereof, requires
 the Member States to draw up programmes for the progressive reduction
 and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from industrial
 establishments in existence on 20 February 1978;
 Whereas these programmes set general targets for the reduction of
 pollution caused by liquid, solid and gaseous wastes to be achieved by
 1 July 1987; whereas these programmes were to be submitted to the
 Commission so that it could present suitable proposals to the Council
 for their harmonization with regard to the reduction and eventual
 elimination of this pollution and the improvement of the conditions of
 competition in the titanium dioxide industry;
 1 OJ No
 2 OJ No
 3 OJ No
 4  OJ No L 201, 14.7.1989, p. 56.
 5  Judgment of 11 June 1991, Case C-300/89, Commission v. Council, not
   yet published.
 6 OJ No L 54, 25.2.1978, p. 19.
 7 OJ No L 32, 3.2.1983, p. 28.
 ---pagebreak---                                - 8 -
Whereas, in order to protect the aquatic environment, dumping of waste
and discharges of certain wastes, in particular of solid and strong
acid wastes, should be prohibited and discharges of other wastes, in
particular of weak acid and neutralized wastes, should be progressively
reduced;
Whereas   existing    industrial    establishments    should    employ   the
appropriate systems for treating the wastes in order           to meet   the
requisite targets by the set dates;
Whereas installation of those systems can give rise to major technico-
economic difficulties in the case of weak acid waste and neutralized
waste from certain establishments; whereas Member States should
therefore be able to defer application of these provisions, on
condition that a programme of effective reduction of pollution is drawn
up and submitted to the Commission; whereas where Member States
experience such difficulties, the Commission should be able to extend
the relevant time limits;
Whereas, in respect of discharges of certain wastes, Member States
should be able to make use of quality objectives in such a way that the
results are equivalent in all respects to those obtained through limit
values; whereas such equivalence should be demonstrated in a programme
to be presented to the Commission;
Whereas, without prejudice to the obligations placed on Member States
by Council Directive 80/779/EEC of 15 July 1980 on air quality limit
values   and   guide    values   for   sulphur   dioxide     and   suspended
particulates8, as last amended by Directive 89/427/EEC9, and Council
Directive 84/360/EEC of 28 June 1984 on combating air pollution from
industrial plants 10 , it is expedient to protect the quality of the
air by fixing appropriate emission standards in respect of gaseous
discharges from the titanium dioxide industry;
Whereas, in order to verify the effective application of the measures,
Member States should undertake monitoring in relation to the actual
production of each establishment;
Whereas all waste from the titanium dioxide industry should be avoided
or re-used where technically and economically feasible and whereas
such waste should be re-used or disposed of without endangering human
health or the environment,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
                                 Article 1
This   Directive   lays    down,   as   required   by   Article    9(3)   of
Directive 78/176/EEC, procedures for harmonizing the programmes for
the reduction and eventual elimination of pollution from existing
industrial establishments and is intended to improve the conditions of
competition in the titanium dioxide industry.
8 OJ No L 229, 30.8.1980, p. 30.
9 OJ No L 201, 14.7.1989, p. 53.
10 OJ No L 188, 16.7.1984, p. 20.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 9 -
                                Article 2
1. For the purpose of this Directive:
  a) where the sulphate process is used:
       "solid waste" shall mean:
       -   insoluble ore residues not broken down by sulphuric acid
           during the manufacturing process,
           copperas, i.e. crystalline ferrous sulphate (FeS047H20),
       "strong acid waste" shall mean:
       the mother liquors arising from the filtration phase following
       hydrolysis of the titanyl sulphate solution. If these mother
       liquors are associated with weak acid wastes which overall
       contain more than 0.5% free sulphuric acid and various heavy
       metals 11 , the liquors and waste taken together shall be
       considered strong acid waste,
       "treatment waste" shall mean:
       filtration salts, sludges and liquid waste arising from the
       treatment (concentration or neutralization) of strong acid waste
       and    containing  various heavy metals, but      not   including
       neutralized and filtered or decanted waste containing only
       traces of heavy metals and which, before any dilution, has a pH
       value above 5.5,
       "weak acid waste" shall mean :
       wash waters, cooling waters, condensates and other sludges and
       liquid wastes, other than those         included  in the above
       definitions, containing 0.5% or less free sulphuric acid,
    -   "neutralized waste" shall mean:
       any liquid which has a pH value over 5.5, contains only traces
       of heavy metals, and is obtained directly by filtration or
       décantation from strong or weak acid waste after its treatment
       to reduce its acidity and its heavy metals' content,
        "dust" shall mean:
       all kinds of dust from production plants and in particular ore
       and pigment dust;
        "SOx" shall mean:
       gaseous sulphur dioxide and trioxide released in the various
       stages of the manufacturing and internal waste treatment
       processes, including acid droplets;
11 Strong acid waste which has been diluted until it contains 0.5% or
   less free sulphuric acid shall also be covered by this definition.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 10 -
b) where the chloride process is used:
   - "solid waste" shall mean:
     - insoluble ore residues not broken down by the chlorine during
       the manufacturing process,
     - metal chlorides and metal hydroxides (filtration substances)
       arising in solid form from the manufacture of titanium
       tetrachloride,
     - coke residues    arising   from  the  manufacture   of  titanium
       tetrachloride,
   - "strong acid waste" shall mean:
     waste containing more than 0.5% free hydrochloric acid and various
     heavy metals 12 ,
   - "treatment waste" shall mean:
     filtration salts, sludges and liquid waste arising from the
     treatment (concentration or neutralization) of strong acid waste
     and containing various heavy metals, but not including neutralized
     and filtered or decanted waste containing only traces of heavy
     metals and which, before any dilution, has a pH value over 5.5,
   - "weak acid waste" shall mean:
     wash waters, cooling waters, condensated and other sludges and
     liquid wastes, other than those included in the above definitions,
     containing 0.5% or less free hydrochloric acid,
   - "neutralized waste" shall mean:
     any liquid which has a pH value over 5.5, contains only traces of
     heavy metals, and is obtained directly by filtration or
     décantation from strong or weak acid waste after its treatment to
     reduce its acidity and its heavy metals' content;
   - "dust" shall mean:
     all kinds of dust from production plants and in particular ore,
     pigment.and coke dust,
   - "chlorine" shall mean:
     gaseous   chlorine  released   in  the   various  stages   of   the
     manufacturing process;
c) where the sulphate process or the chlorine process is used:
   - "dumping" shall mean:
12 Strong acid waste which has been diluted until it contains 0.5% or
   less free sulphuric acid shall also be covered by this definition.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 11 -
     any deliberate disposal into inland surface waters, internal
     coastal waters, territorial waters or the high seas of substances
     and materials by or from ships or aircraft 13 .
2. The terms defined in Directive 78/176/EEC        shall have the  same
   meaning for the purposes of this Directive.
                               Article 3
The dumping of any solid waste, strong acid waste, treatment waste,
weak acid waste, or neutralized waste, as referred to in Article 2
shall be prohibited with effect from 31 January 1993.
                               Article 4
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that
discharges of waste into inland surface waters, internal coastal
waters, territorial waters and the high sea are prohibited:
a) as regards solid waste, strong acid waste and treatment waste from
   existing industrial establishments using the sulphate process:
   - by 31 January 1993 in all the abovementioned waters;
b) as regards solid waste and strong acid waste from            existing
   industrial establishments using the chloride process;
   - by 31 January 1993 in all the abovementioned waters.
                                Article 5
Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that
discharges of waste are reduced in accordance with the following
provisions:
a) from existing industrial establishments using the sulphate process:
   - weak acid waste and neutralized waste shall be reduced by
     31 December 1993 in all waters to a value of not more than 800 kg
     of total sulphate per tonne of titanium dioxide produced (i.e.
     corresponding to the S0 4 ions contained in the free sulphuric
     acid and in the metallic sulphates);
b) from existing industrial establishments using the chloride process:
   - weak acid waste, treatment waste, and neutralized waste shall be
     reduced by 31 January 1993 in all waters to the following values
     of total chloride per tonne of titanium dioxide produced (i.e.
     corresponding to the CI ions contained in the free hydrochloric
     acid and in the metallic chlorides):
     130 kg using neutral rutile,
     228 kg using synthetic rutile,
     450 kg using slag.
13 "Ships and aircraft" shall mean waterborne vessels and airborne
   craft of any type whatsoever. This expression shall include air-
   cushion craft, floating craft, whether self-propelled or not and
   fixed or floating platforms.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 12 -
In the case of an establishment using more than one type of ore, the
values shall apply in proportion to the quantity of these ores used.
                               Article 6
Except where inland surface waters are concerned, Member States may
defer the date of application referred to in point (a) of Article 5
until 31 December 1994 at the latest if serious technico-economic
difficulties so require and provided that a programme of effective
reduction of discharges of such waste is submitted to the Commission
by 31 January 1993. Such a programme shall enable the following limit
value per tonne of titanium dioxide produced to be reached by the date
shown:
   - weak acid waste and neutralized waste : 800 kg - 31 December 1994.
Three months at the latest following adoption of this Directive the
Commission shall be informed of such cases, which shall be the subject
of consultation with the Commission. The Commission shall inform the
other Member States.
                               Article 7
1. As regards the requirements of Article 5, Member States may choose
   to make use of quality objectives coupled with appropriate limit
   values applied in such a way that the effects in terms of protecting
   the environment and avoiding distortions of competition are
   equivalent to that of the limit values laid down in this Directive.
2. If a Member States chooses to make use of quality objectives, it
   shall present to the Commission a programme14, demonstrating that
   the measures achieve an effect, which, in terms of protecting the
   environment and avoiding distortion of competition, is equivalent to
   that of the limit values by the dates when these limit values are
   applied in accordance with Article 5.
This programme shall be submitted to the Commission at least six months
before the Member State proposes to apply the quality objectives.
This programme shall be assessed by the Commission in accordance with
the procedures laid down in Article 10 of Directive 78/176/EEC.
The Commission shall inform the other Member States.
                               Article 8
1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that
   discharges into the atmosphere are reduced in accordance with the
   following provisions:
a) in the case of existing industrial establishments using the sulphate
   process:
14 Such information shall be provided under Article 14 of Directive
   78/176/EEC or separately should circumstances so require.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 13 -
     i) as regards dust, discharges shall be reduced by 31 December
        1993 to a value of not more than 50 mg/nm3 1 5 from major
        sources and not more than 150 mg/nm3 1 5 from any other
        source 16 ;
    ii) as regards        SO x , discharges    arising  from digestion   and
        calcination steps in the manufacture of titanium dioxide shall
        be reduced by 1 January 1995 to a value of not more than 10 kg
        of SO2 equivalent per tonne of titanium dioxide produced;
   iii) Member States shall require means to               be  installed for
        preventing the emission of acid droplets;
    iv) plants for the concentration of waste acid shall not discharge
        more than 500 mg/nm3 S0 X calculated as S0 2 equivalent17;
     v) plants for the roasting of salts generated by the treatment of
        waste shall be equipped with the best available technology not
        entailing excessive costs in order to reduce SOx emissions;
b) in the case of existing industrial establishments using the chloride
   process:
     i) as regards dust, discharges shall be reduced by 31 January 1993
        to a value of not more than 50 mg/nm3 1 5 for major sources
        and not more than 150 mg/nm3 1 5 from any other source 16 ;
    ii) as regards chlorine, discharges shall be reduced by 31 January
        1993 to a daily average concentration of not more than
                *^ 1 ft
        5 mg/nm         and not more  than 40 mg/nm3 at any time.
2. This Directive shall not prejudice Directive 80/779/EEC.
3. The procedure for monitoring the reference measurements               for
   discharges of SO^ into the atmosphere is set out in the Annex.
                                     Article 9
Member States shall monitor the values and reductions specified in
Articles 5, 7 and 8 in relation to the actual production of each
establishment.
                                    Article 10
Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that all
waste from the titanium dioxide industry, and in particular waste
subject to prohibition on discharge or dumping into water or on
discharge into the atmosphere is:
15 Cubic metre at a temperatur of 273 K and pressure of 101.3 kPa.
16 Member States shall inform the Commission of those minor sources not
   included in their measurement.
17 For new concentration processes the Commission can agree to a
   different value if the Member States can demonstrate the non-
   availability of techniques to achieve this standard.
18 It is considered that these values correspond to a maximum of 6
   grams per tonne of titanium dioxide produced.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 14 -
   - avoided or re-used where technically and economically feasible,
   - re-used or disposed of without endangering human health or harming
     the environment.
The same shall apply to waste arising from the re-use or treatment of
the abovementioned waste.
                               Article 11
1. Member States shall take the measures necessary to comply with this
   Directive not later than 31 January 1993. They shall forthwith
   inform the Commission thereof.
   When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall contain a
   reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such
   reference at the time of their official publication. The procedure
   for such reference shall be adopted by Member States.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the provisions of
   national law which they adopt in the field governed by this
   Directive.
                               Article 12
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels,                              For the Commission
                                               The President
 ---pagebreak---                             - 15 -
                                 ANNEX
          Procedure for monitoring the reference measurements
                       for gaseous SO emissions
                                       x
For the purposes of calculating the quantities of SO                         an( j so
equivalent, discharged by specific installations, account must be taken
of the volume of gas discharged over the duration of the specific
operations in question and of the average S0 2 / s c > 3 c o n tent measured
over the same period. The S 0 2 / S 0 3 f l o w r a t e a n d c o n t e n t must be
determined under the same temperature and humidity conditions.
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                                                       ISSN 0254-1475
                                                               COM(91) 358 final
                                                       DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                               14
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-503-EN-C
                                                              ISBN 92-77-77465-7
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