CELEX: 32004D0446
Language: en
Date: 2004-04-29 00:00:00
Title: Commission Decision 2004/446/EC of 29 April 2004 specifying the basic parameters of the Noise, Freight Wagons and Telematic applications for freight Technical Specifications for Interoperability referred to in Directive 2001/16/EC

30.4.2004                  EN               Official Journal of the European Union      L 155/1
                                        COMMISSION DECISION
                                              of 29 April 2004
      specifying the basic parameters of the ‘Noise’, ‘Freight Wagons’ and ‘Telematic
    applications for freight’ Technical Specifications for Interoperability referred to in
                                            Directive 2001/16/EC
                              (notified under document number C(2004) …..)
                                          (Text with EEA relevance)
                                                (2004/446/EC)
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Directive 2001/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19
March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system (1), and in
particular Article 6(1) and 6(4) thereof,
Whereas:
(1)      In accordance with Article 2(c) of Directive 2001/16/EC, the trans-European
         conventional rail system is subdivided into structural or functional subsystems . Each
         of the subsystems is to be covered by a technical specification for interoperability
         (TSI);
1
  OJ L 110, 20.4.2001, p. 1.
 ---pagebreak--- (2)    As a first step, draft TSIs have to be drawn up by the joint representative body under a
       mandate from the Commission in accordance with the procedure set out in
       Article 21(2) to the Directive;
(3)    The Committee set up under Article 21 of Directive 2001/16/EC (hereafter ‘the
       Committee’) has appointed the European Association for Railway Interoperability
       (hereafter ‘the AEIF’) as the joint representative body;
(4)    The AEIF has been given a mandate to draw up draft TSIs on ‘noise’, ‘freight wagons’
       and ‘telematic applications for freight’;
(5)    However, in accordance with Article 6(4) of Directive 2001/16/EC, the first stage in
       developing the above-mentioned TSIs is to establish the characteristics of their basic
       parameters to be used by the AEIF; it does not preclude the need to validate and, if
       necessary, further amend, update or modify these parameters in the corresponding TSI,
       which shall be adopted in accordance with Article 6(1) of Directive 2001/16/EC;
(6)    A number of specific cases have been requested and are being discussed in the context
       of the development of the corresponding TSIs. However it is considered more
       appropriate to include specific cases in the TSIs rather than in this Decision;
(7)    Without prejudice to article 25 of Directive 2001/16/EC, this Decision does not affect
       either the existing rail system or the development of new projects as long as the
       corresponding TSIs are not adopted;
(8)    In accordance with the above-mentioned mandate the AEIF has already developed
       complete draft TSIs for the ‘telematic applications for freight’, ‘noise’ and ‘freight
       wagons’ subsystems . These TSIs will be adopted once the cost-benefit analysis
       foreseen by Directive 2001/16/EC are developed and after consultation of users
       organisations and social partners;
(9)    The definitions and characteristics to be respected for the basic parameters of the
       ‘noise’, ‘freight wagons’ and ‘telematic applications for freight’ as proposed by the
       AEIF should be adopted;
(10)   The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the
       Committee set up by Directive 2001/16/EC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
                                            Article 1
The definitions and characteristics to be respected for the basic parameters of the ‘Noise’,
‘Freight Wagons’ and ‘Telematic applications for freight’ TSIs referred to in Directive
2001/16/EC are set out in the Annex to this Decision.
                                            Article 2
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.
 ---pagebreak--- Done at Brussels, 29 April 2004.
                                 For the Commission
                                 Loyola DE PALACIO
                                 Vic-President of the Commission
 ---pagebreak--- L 155/4            EN      Official Journal of the European Union                                        30.4.2004
                                              ANNEX
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.   BASIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE NOISE TSI........................................ 5
     1.1. Noise emitted by freight wagons....................................................................... 5
          1.1.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................... 5
          1.1.2.   Characteristics to be respected ............................................................ 5
     1.2. Noise emitted by Locomotives, Multiple Units and Coaches ........................... 6
          1.2.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................... 6
          1.2.2.   Characteristics to be respected ............................................................ 6
2.   BASIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE TSI ON FREIGHT WAGONS.......... 9
     2.1. Interface (e. g. Coupling) between vehicles, between set of vehicles
          and between trains ............................................................................................. 9
          2.1.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................... 9
          2.1.2.   Characteristics to be respected ............................................................ 9
     2.2. Safe access and egress for rolling stock .......................................................... 10
          2.2.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 11
          2.2.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 11
     2.3. Functional requirements: Strength of main vehicle structure ......................... 13
          2.3.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 13
          2.3.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 13
     2.4. Securing of Freight .......................................................................................... 18
          2.4.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 18
          2.4.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 18
     2.5. Doors closing and locking ............................................................................... 18
          2.5.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 18
          2.5.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 18
     2.6. Labelling of freight wagons............................................................................. 19
          2.6.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 19
          2.6.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 19
     2.7. Special vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods and pressured
          gases 20
          2.7.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 20
          2.7.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 20
 ---pagebreak--- 2.8. Kinematic Gauge ............................................................................................. 21
      2.8.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 21
      2.8.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 22
2.9. Static axle load, dynamic wheel load and linear load ..................................... 23
      2.9.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 23
      2.9.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 23
2.10. Electrical protection of the train ...................................................................... 24
      2.10.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 24
      2.10.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 25
2.11. Vehicle dynamic behaviour (wheel-rail interaction)....................................... 26
      2.11.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 26
      2.11.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 26
               2.11.2.1. General .............................................................................. 26
               2.11.2.2. Functional and technical specifications of the
                          subsystem .......................................................................... 27
2.12. Longitudinal compressive Forces.................................................................... 28
      2.12.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 28
      2.12.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 28
               2.12.2.1. General .............................................................................. 28
               2.12.2.2. Functional and technical specifications of the
                          subsystem .......................................................................... 29
               2.12.2.3. Maintenance rules.............................................................. 30
2.13. Braking performance ....................................................................................... 30
      2.13.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 30
      2.13.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 30
               2.13.2.1. General .............................................................................. 30
               2.13.2.2. Functional and Technical Specification of braking
                          performance ....................................................................... 31
2.14. Vehicle capability to transmit information between ground and vehicle........ 38
      2.14.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 38
      2.14.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 38
               2.14.2.1. General .............................................................................. 38
               2.14.2.2. Functional and technical specification of the
                          subsystem .......................................................................... 38
               2.14.2.3. Maintenance rules.............................................................. 39
2.15. Environmental conditions for rolling stock (Range of functioning of
      components) .................................................................................................... 40
 ---pagebreak---          2.15.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 40
         2.15.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 40
   2.16. Emergency Exits and Signposting................................................................... 42
         2.16.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 42
         2.16.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 43
   2.17. Fire Safety ....................................................................................................... 43
         2.17.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 43
         2.17.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 43
3. BASIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE TSI ON TELEMATIC
   APPLICATIONS FOR FREIGHT ............................................................................ 47
   3.1. Consignment Note data ................................................................................... 47
         3.1.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 47
         3.1.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 47
   3.2. Path Request .................................................................................................... 48
         3.2.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 48
         3.2.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 48
   3.3. Train Preparation ............................................................................................. 49
         3.3.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 49
         3.3.2.   Characteristics to be respect .............................................................. 49
   3.4. Train Running Forecast ................................................................................... 52
         3.4.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 52
         3.4.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 52
   3.5. Service Disruption Information....................................................................... 53
         3.5.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 53
         3.5.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 53
   3.6. Train Location ................................................................................................. 53
         3.6.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 53
         3.6.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 53
   3.7. Shipment ETI / ETA........................................................................................ 54
         3.7.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 54
         3.7.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 54
   3.8. Wagon Movement ........................................................................................... 55
         3.8.1.   Description of the parameter ............................................................. 55
         3.8.2.   Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 55
 ---pagebreak--- 3.9. Interchange Reporting ..................................................................................... 56
      3.9.1.  Description of the parameter ............................................................. 56
      3.9.2.  Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 56
3.10. Data Exchange for Quality Improvement........................................................ 57
      3.10.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 57
      3.10.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 57
3.11. Various Reference Files .................................................................................. 58
      3.11.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 58
      3.11.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 58
3.12. Electronic Transmission of Documents........................................................... 59
      3.12.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 59
      3.12.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 59
3.13. Networking & Communication ....................................................................... 60
      3.13.1. Description of the parameter ............................................................. 60
      3.13.2. Characteristics to be respected .......................................................... 60
              61
 ---pagebreak--- 1.   BASIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE NOISE TSI
     1.1.     Noise emitted by freight wagons
                    1.1.1. Description of the parameter
Noise emitted by freight wagons subdivides into the pass-by noise and the stationary
noise.
The pass-by noise of a freight wagon is highly influenced by the rolling noise (noise of
the wheel/rail contact). The parameter set for the characterization of pass-by noise
comprises:
• Sound pressure level, according to a defined measuring method,
• Microphone position,
• Speed of the wagon,
• Rail roughness,
• Dynamical and radiation behaviour of the track.
The stationary noise of a freight wagon can only occur, if the wagon is equipped with
auxiliary devices like engines, generators, cooling systems. It is mostly applicable for
cooling cars. The parameter set for the characterisation of stationary noise comprises:
• Sound pressure level, according to a defined measuring method and microphone
    position,
• Operating conditions.
                    1.1.2.  Characteristics to be respected
Limits for the Pass-by Noise
The indicator for the pass-by noise is the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound
pressure level LpAeq,Tp measured over the pass-by time at a distance of 7.5 m from
centreline of track, 1.2 ± 0.2 m above top of rail. The measurements shall be made in
accordance to prEN ISO 3095:2001 except that the reference track shall meet the
requirements stated in the relevant TSI.
The limiting values LpAeq,Tp for the pass-by noise of freight wagons under these above
mentioned conditions are to be determined, based on the performance of K-blocks, while
taking necessary safety aspects into account. The AEIF shall take results of measurement
campaign as available by 01.02.2004 into account.
The pass-by noise of a train shall be measured at 80 km/h and at maximum speed, but no
higher than 200 km/h. The values to be compared with the limits is the maximum of the
measured value at 80 km/h and the measured value taken at maximum speed but referred
to 80 km/h by the equation
LpAeq,Tp(80 km/h) = LpAeq,Tp(v)-30*log (v/80 km/h).
 ---pagebreak--- Limits for the Stationary noise
Sound pressure of the stationary noise has to be described by the A-weighted equivalent
continuous sound pressure level LpAeq,T, according to prEN ISO 3095:2001, chapter 7.5.
The limiting values LpAeq,T for the stationary noise of freight wagons in a distance of
7.5 m from centreline of track are given in Table 1.
              Wagons                                               LpAeq,T
              All freight wagons                               < = 65 dB(A)
     Table 1: Limiting values LpAeq,T for the stationary noise of freight wagons
The sound pressure level of the stationary noise is the energetic mean of all measuring
values taken at the measuring points according to prEN ISO 3095:2001 Annex A, Figure
A.1..
      1.2.   Noise emitted by Locomotives, Multiple Units and Coaches
                    1.2.1. Description of the parameter
Noise emitted by locomotives, multiple units and coaches subdivides into the stationary
noise, the starting noise, and the pass-by noise. The stationary noise is highly influenced
by the auxiliaries, namely the cooling systems, the air conditioning and the compressor.
The starting noise is also dominated by the auxiliaries in addition to the sound of the
wheel/rail contact, especially as a function of wheel slip velocity, by the traction
components (motor, gear, traction converter and Diesel engines).
The pass-by noise is highly influenced by the rolling noise, linked to the wheel/rail
interaction, as function of speed of the vehicle. The rolling noise itself is caused by the
roughness and dynamical behaviour of the track. In the case of lower speeds, the noises
of auxiliaries and traction units are also involved. The emitted level of noise is
characterised by:
• Sound pressure level, according to a measuring method,
• Microphone position.
Multiple units are fixed trainsets either with distributed power or with one or more
special dedicated power cars and coaches. Multiple units with electric traction are
abbreviated as “EMU’s”, with Diesel traction as “DMU’s”. In this document, the
wording “Diesel” or “Diesel engine” comprises all kinds of thermal engines which are
used for traction. Fixed formation trains that consist of two locomotives and coaches
cannot be considered as multiple units if the locomotives can operate in different train
configurations.
                    1.2.2. Characteristics to be respected
The limits for the stationary noise are defined in a distance of 7.5 m from the centreline
of track, 1.2 m and 3.5 m above the upper surface of the rails. The measuring conditions
are defined by the standard pr EN ISO 3095:2001 with the deviations defined in the
relevant TSI. The indicator for the sound pressure level is LpAeq,T. The limiting values for
 ---pagebreak--- the noise emission of the vehicles under these above mentioned conditions are given in
Table 2.
             Vehicles                           LpAeq,T
             Electric locomotives                  75
             Diesel locomotives                    75
             EMU’s                                 68
             DMU’s                                 73
             Passenger coaches                     65
Table 2:        Limiting values LpAeq,T for the   stationary noise of E-, D-locomotives,
EMU’s, DMU’s and passenger coaches
Limits for the Starting Noise
The limits for the starting noise are defined in a distance of 7.5 m from the centreline of
track, 1.2 m and 3.5 m above the upper surface of the rails. The measuring conditions are
defined by the standard pr EN ISO 3095:2001 with the deviations defined in the relevant
TSI. The indicator for the sound pressure level is LpAFmax. The limiting values for the
starting noise of the vehicles under these above mentioned conditions are given in Table
3.
             Vehicle                                          LpAFmax
             Electric locomotives                               82
             Diesel locomotives                                 86
             EMU’s                                              82
             DMU’s                                              83
Table 3:        Limiting values LpAFmax for the starting noise of E-, D-locomotives,
EMU’s, DMU’s
Limits for the Pass-by Noise
The limits for the pass-by noise are defined in a distance of 7.5 m from the centreline of
the reference track, 1.2 m or 3.5 m above the upper surface of the rails for a vehicle speed
of 80 km/h. The indicator for the sound pressure level is LpAeq,Tp.
The measurements shall be done in accordance with prEN ISO 3095:2001 except that the
reference track shall meet the requirements stated in the relevant TSI.
The pass-by noise of a train shall be measured at 80 km/h and at maximum speed, but no
higher than 200 km/h. Other speeds mentioned in the ISO EN 3095 shall not be
considered. The value to be compared with the limits (see Table 4) is the maximum of
the measured value at 80 km/h and the measured value taken at maximum speed but
referred to 80 km/h by the equation.
LpAeq,Tp(80 km/h) = LpAeq,Tp(v)-30*log (v/80 km/h).
The limiting values for the noise emission of E-, D-locomotives, EMU’s, DMU’s and
passenger coaches under these above mentioned conditions are given in Table 4.
             Vehicle                                       LpAeq,Tp @ 7,5 m
             Electric locomotives                                  85
             Diesel locomotives                      85 (to be confirmed by test)
             EMU’s                                                 81
             DMU’s                                                 82
 ---pagebreak---          Passenger coaches                               80
Table 4:   Limiting values LpAeq,Tp for the pass-by noise of E-, D-locomotives,
EMU’s, DMU’s and passenger coaches
 ---pagebreak--- 2.   BASIC PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE TSI ON FREIGHT WAGONS
     2.1.    Interface (e. g. Coupling) between vehicles, between sets of vehicles and
             between trains
                    2.1.1. Description of the parameter
A device used for connecting one railway vehicle (set of vehicles, train) to another.
Within interoperable trainsets any individual coupling system as required can be used.
These trainsets must have the interoperable emergency coupling available for use at the
ends.
Interface requirements between interoperable vehicles/trainsets are only to be defined for
mechanical, electrical and pneumatic couplings in normal and emergency conditions.
Gangways for interfacing with passenger vehicles are included where appropriate.
                    2.1.2. Characteristics to be respected
General
Wagons shall have resilient buffing and draw gear at both ends.
Rakes of wagons which are never split up when in service are considered as a single
wagon for the application of this requirement. The interfaces between these wagons shall
incorporate a resilient coupling system, which can withstand the forces due to the
intended operational conditions.
Trains which are never split up in service are considered as a single wagon for the
application of this requirement. If they do not have a standard screw coupler and buffers
they shall have the facility to fit an emergency coupler at both ends. The connections
between the individual wagons shall satisfy the above requirements for rakes of wagons.
Buffers
When buffers are fitted, two identical buffers shall be fitted at a vehicle end. These
buffers shall be of a compressible type.
The height of the centre line of the buffing gear shall be between 940 mm and 1065 mm
above rail level in all conditions of loading.
The standard distance between buffer centrelines shall be nominally 1750 mm
symmetrically about the centreline of the freight wagon.
                                                       0
Buffers shall have a minimum stroke of 105 mm            –5 mm and an energy absorption
capability of at least 30 kJ.
The buffer heads shall be convex and the radius of curvature of their spherical working
surface equal to 2750 mm ± 50 mm.
 ---pagebreak--- Wagons fitted with buffers with a stroke in excess of 105 mm shall always have four
identical buffers (elastic systems, stroke) exhibiting the same design characteristics.
If interchangeability of the buffers is required the following free space on the headstock
shall be provided for the supporting plate. The buffer shall be fixed to the wagon
headstock by means of four M24 Ø locked fasteners (e.g. self locking nut etc.) of a
quality class which provides a yield strength of at least 640 N/mm 2.
Buffers shall have an identification mark. The identification mark shall contain at least
the buffer stroke in “mm” and a value for the energy storage capacity of the buffer.
Draw Gear
The standard draw gear between vehicles shall be non-continuous and comprises a screw
coupling permanently attached to the hook, a draw hook and a draw bar with a spring
system.
The height of the centre line of the draw hook shall be between 950 mm and 1045 mm
above rail level in all conditions of loading.
The draw hook and the draw bar shall withstand a force of 1000 kN without breaking.
The screw coupler shall withstand a force of 850 kN without breaking. The breaking
strength of the screw coupler shall be lower than the breaking strength of other parts of
the draw gear.
The maximum weight of the screw coupler shall not exceed 36 kg.
The length of the screw coupler measured from the point of engagement of the coupler
bow to centre of the coupler bolt and draw-hook shall conform to:
• 986 mm +10-5 mm with completely screwed-out coupler
• 750 mm ± 10 mm with completely screwed-in coupler.
Each wagon end shall have a facility for supporting a coupling when it is not in use. No
part of the coupler assembly shall reach below 140 mm above top of rail when its
centreline is at lowest permitted position.
Interaction of draw- and buffing-gear
The relative location of the buffers and draw gears shall be adjusted to each other so as to
enable the safe transit of curves in the track with a radius of 150 m. For two wagons,
which are coupled on straight track with touching buffers, the pre-load force between
these components on a 150 m curve in the track shall not exceed 250 kN.
The distance between the front edge of a draw-hook opening and the front side of the
fully extended buffers shall be to 355 mm +45-20 mm in new condition.
      2.2.    Safe access and egress for rolling stock
 ---pagebreak---                     2.2.1. Description of the parameter
For freight wagons: Shunting, operation, access and egress for railway staff or loading
personal. Only for tank wagons: access to the tank plate.
This parameter includes dimensions, position and height of steps and hand grips, as well
as non slip-design for crew, stepping to ground and door strength and resistance to
forces.
                    2.2.2. Characteristics to be respected
Vehicles shall be designed so that staff are not exposed to undue risk during coupling and
uncoupling. If screw couplers and side buffers are used, the required spaces shown in fig.
1 here below shall be free of fixed parts. Connecting cables and flexible hoses may be
inside this space. There shall be no devices under the buffers that hinder the access to the
space.
Fig. 1 Bern Rectangle
If a combined automatic and screw coupler is fitted the auto coupler head can infringe
the Bern rectangle on the left hand side (as viewed in fig. 1) when it is stowed and the
screw coupler is in use.
There shall be a handrail under each buffer. The handrails shall withstand the loads,
which are applied by the shunters while accessing the space between the buffers.
 ---pagebreak--- All fixed pieces situated at the extremities of vehicles outside the clearances defined in
Figure 1 and higher than the bottom edge of the buffer heads must be at a distance of at
least 40 mm from the frontal plane of the fully-compressed buffers.
Except for wagons used only in fixed formation trains, there shall be at least one step and
one handrail for shunters at each side of the vehicle. There shall be sufficient space above
and around the steps so that the safety of the shunter is ensured. Steps and handrails shall
be designed to withstand the loads that are applied by the shunter. Steps shall be at least
150 mm from a vertical plane at the end of the fully compressed buffers. Steps and areas,
which provide access for operation, loading and unloading, shall be slip resistant.
At each end of a wagon that can form the end of a train, there shall be devices for
mounting a taillight. Steps and handrails shall be provided where necessary to enable
easy access.
The handrails and footsteps shall be inspected at normal maintenance periods and
remedial action taken if signs of significant damage, cracking or corrosion are found.
 ---pagebreak---        2.3.     Functional requirements: Strength of main vehicle structure
                      2.3.1. Description of the parameter
  Future design targets should be to increase payload of freight wagons by decreasing the
  tare weight.
  The present Basic parameter:
  • Defines the minimum structural requirements for the main load carrying (primary)
      structure of the vehicles vs. exceptional functional loads and service loads. The loads
      must include those experienced due to the vehicle mass, to the payload, to the motion
      along the track, to acceleration and braking and those exerted on the structure by the
      equipment attached to it (see also Lifting and Jacking.);
  • Specifies limiting stiffness criteria (torsional stiffness);
  • Gives permissible stresses for materials in terms of acceptable data sources (static
      and fatigue) and methods of assessment;
  • Specifies acceptable methods of validation.
                      2.3.2. Characteristics to be respected
  General
  The structural design of wagons shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements
  of Section 3 of EN12663 and the structure shall meet the criteria defined in Clauses 3.4
  to 3.6 of this standard.
  In addition to the criteria already identified, it is permissible to take the material
  elongation at failure into account in the selection of the safety factor defined in clause
  3.4.2. The Guidance Notes indicate an acceptable approach.
  When performing fatigue life assessments it is important to ensure that the load cases are
  representative of the intended application and expressed in a manner consistent with the
  adopted design code. Any guidelines on the interpretation of the selected design code
  should be followed.
  The permissible stresses for the materials used in the construction of wagons shall be
  determined as specified in Section 5 of EN12663.
  The wagon structure shall be inspected at normal maintenance periods and remedial
  action taken if signs of significant damage, cracking or corrosion are found.
  This section defines the minimum structural requirements for the main load carrying
  (primary) structure of the wagons and the interfaces with equipment and payload.
  These requirements cover:
•    Exceptional loads:
-     Longitudinal design loads
-     Maximum vertical load
 ---pagebreak--- -     Load combinations
-     Lifting and jacking
-     Equipment attachment (including body/bogie)
-     Other exceptional loads
•     Service (fatigue) loads:
-     Sources of load input
-     Payload spectrum
-     Track induced loading
-     Traction and braking
-     Aerodynamic loading
-     Fatigue loads at interfaces
  -   Body/bogie connection
  -   Equipment attachment
  -   Coupler loads
-     Combinations of fatigue loads
•     Stiffness of the main vehicle structure
-     Deflection
-     Mode of vibration
-     Torsional stiffness
-     Equipment
•     Securing of freight
  Measures shall be taken to ensure that the load or parts of the load do not leave the
  freight wagon during operation.
  Exceptional Loads
          Longitudinal Design Loads
          Different values will apply for different kinds of freight wagons as identified in
          EN12663 namely:
          F-I     Wagons that may be shunted without restriction;
          F-II    Wagons excluded from hump or loose shunting.
          The basic structural design requirements assume that wagons in the above
          categories are fitted with buffers and couplers appropriate to the operations.
          The structure shall conform to the requirements of Clause 3.4 of EN12663 when
          subject to all exceptional load cases.
          The wagon bodies shall meet the longitudinal strength requirements as specified
          in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 of EN12663 as appropriate, where the load paths exist.
          NOTE 1           A force applied to one end of the wagon body shall be reacted at
                           the corresponding position at the opposite end.
 ---pagebreak--- NOTE 2          Forces shall be applied horizontally to the mounting structure,
                divided equally on the axis of each side buffer location or on the
                axis of the coupler.
Maximum Vertical Load
The wagon body shall meet the requirements of table 8 of EN12663.
The wagon body shall also be designed to carry the maximum load it may
experience due the method of loading and unloading. The load case may be
defined in terms of accelerations applied to the mass being added and to the mass
of the body plus any existing payload. The design cases shall represent the most
unfavourable cases that the operator wishes to consider associated with the use of
the wagon (including foreseeable abuse).
NOTE 1          If the method of analysis employs a permissible stress that is
                reduced below the yield or proof stress of the material by a safety
                factor (as indicated in note a) of table 8 of EN12663, the load
                factors may be reduced by the same ratio.
NOTE 2          Loads may be distributed uniformly over the full load-carrying
                surface, over a limited area or at discrete positions. The design
                case(s) shall be based on the most demanding applications.
NOTE 3          If it is intended that wheeled vehicles (including fork-lift trucks
                etc.) will operate over the floor of the wagon then the design shall
                accommodate the maximum local pressure loading associated with
                such operations.
Load combinations
The structure shall also conform to the requirements of Clause 3.4 of EN12663
when subject to the most adverse load combinations as specified in Clause 4.4 of
EN12663.
Lifting and Jacking
The wagon body shall incorporate lifting points by which the whole wagon can
be safely lifted or jacked. It shall also be possible to lift one end of the wagon
(including its running gear) with the other end resting on the remaining running
gear.
The load cases specified in Clause 4.3.2 of EN12663 shall apply for lifting and
jacking under workshop and servicing operations.
For lifting cases associated only with rescue following derailment or other
abnormal incident, where some permanent deformation of the structure is
acceptable, it is permissible to reduce the load factor in Tables 9 and 10 from 1.1
to 1.0.
The lifting shall occur via designated lifting points. The location of the lifting
points shall be defined by the customer’s operational requirements.
Equipment Attachment (Including body/bogie)
The attachments of equipment shall be designed to carry the loads specified in
tables 12, 13 and 14 of Section 4.5 of EN12663.
Other Exceptional Loads
The load requirements for structural parts of the wagon body, such as side and
end wall structures, doors, stanchions and load restraint systems shall be designed
to carry the maximum loads they will experience in performing their intended
 ---pagebreak---        function. The load cases shall be determined using the principles for structural
       design given in EN12663.
       For new types of wagon the designer shall determine appropriate load cases to
       meet the specific requirements using the principles given in EN12663.
Service (fatigue) Loads
       Sources of load input
       All sources of cyclic loading that can cause fatigue damage shall be identified.  In
       accordance with Clause 4.6 of EN12663, the following specific inputs shall        be
       considered and the way in which they are represented and combined shall           be
       consistent with the intended use of the freight wagon and the design code to      be
       used.
       Payload Spectrum
       Changes in payload are likely to cause significant fatigue load cycles. Where the
       payload changes significantly, the time spent at each load level shall be
       determined. Load/unload cycles should also be determined from the operator’s
       specified duty and represented in a suitable manner for analysis purposes. Where
       applicable, account shall be taken of changes to the distribution of the payload
       and to the local pressure loads due to wheeled vehicles moving over the floor of
       the wagon.
       Track induced loading
       Induced load cycles resulting from vertical, lateral and twist irregularities of the
       track shall be taken into account. These load cycles may be determined from:
       a)           dynamic modelling;
       b)           measured data;
       c)           empirical data.
       Fatigue design should be based on load case data and assessment methods proven
       in the application where these exist. Tables 15 and 16 of EN12663 give empirical
       data, in the form of wagon body accelerations consistent with normal European
       operations suitable for an endurance limit approach to fatigue design when
       normal established data is available.
       Traction and braking
       Load cycles due to traction and braking shall reflect the number of start-stops
       (including unscheduled ones) associated with the intended mode of operation.
       Aerodynamic loading
       Significant aerodynamic load input may arise due to:
       a)           trains passing at speed;
       b)           tunnel operation;
       c)           cross winds.
       If such loading generates significant cyclic stresses in the structure it shall be
       included in the fatigue assessment.
       Fatigue loads at interfaces
       The dynamic load used in design shall be in a range of ± 30 % of the vertical
       static load.
 ---pagebreak---         If this assumption is not chosen, then the following method shall be followed.
        The main fatigue loads at the body-bogie connection are due to:
        a)          load/unload cycles;
        b)          track input;
        c)          traction and braking.
        The interface shall be designed to carry the cyclic loads due these inputs.
        Equipment attachments shall withstand the cyclic loads due to the motion of the
        wagon and any loads induced by the operation of the equipment. The
        accelerations may be determined as described above. For normal European
        operations, empirically derived accelerations for items of equipment that follow
        the motion of the wagon structure are given in tables 17, 18 and 19 of EN12663
        and can be used where no more appropriate data is available.
        Cyclic loads in coupling components shall be taken into account if the experience
        of the operator or designer indicates they are significant.
        Combinations of Fatigue Loads
        Where the fatigue load cases act in combination, they shall be taken into account
        in a manner consistent with the characteristics of the loads and the form of design
        analysis and fatigue design code being employed.
        Buffing load
        Freight wagons intended to go over a hump:
        Freight wagons shall withstand impacting with a stationary 80 t gross laden
        weight freight wagon at a speed of 12 km/h without permanent deformation.
        Freight wagons not intended to go over a hump:
        Freight wagons shall withstand impacting with a stationary 80 t gross laden
        weight freight wagon at a speed of 7 km/h without permanent deformation.
Stiffness of the main vehicle structure
        Deflections
        Deflections under the loads or load combinations shall not be such as to cause the
        wagon or its payload to exceed the permitted operational envelope. Deflections
        shall also not impair the functionality of the wagon as a whole or that of any
        installed components or systems.
        Modes of vibration
        The natural modes of vibration of the wagon body, in all loading conditions
        including tare, shall be separated sufficiently, or otherwise de-coupled from the
        suspension frequencies, so as to avoid the occurrence of undesirable responses at
        all operating speeds.
        Torsional stiffness
        The torsional stiffness of the wagon body shall be consistent with the suspension
        characteristics such that the derailment criteria are achieved in all loading
        conditions including tare.
        Equipment
 ---pagebreak---         The natural modes of vibration of equipment, on its mountings, shall be separated
        sufficiently, or otherwise de-coupled from the wagon body or suspension
        frequencies, so as to avoid the occurrence of undesirable responses at all
        operating speeds.
As an interface with the Rolling Stock – Freight Wagons sub-system, the sub-system
Infrastructure has to comply with these characteristics.
     2.4.    Securing of Freight
                    2.4.1.  Description of the parameter
Freight transport has to be secured in a safe way. The integrity of the securing system has
to be demonstrated.
                    2.4.2. Characteristics to be respected
Measures shall be taken to ensure that the load or parts of the load do not leave the
freight wagon during operation.
     2.5.    Doors closing and locking
                    2.5.1. Description of the parameter
The scope of the basic parameter is the prevention of freight or gauge-infringement while
the train is moving. It includes equipment doors and hatches as well as measures to
prevent unintended opening.
                    2.5.2. Characteristics to be respected
Doors and hatches of freight vehicles shall be closed and locked while the vehicles are in
a moving train (unless this is part of the procedure for discharging the payload). For this,
locking devices shall be used which indicate their status (open/closed). The locking
devices shall be secured against unintentional opening.
Closing and locking systems shall be designed so that the operating staff are not placed at
undue risk.
The closing and locking devices shall be designed to withstand the loads which are
caused by the payload under normal, regular conditions and when the payload has been
displaced in a foreseeable manner.
The closing and locking devices shall be designed to withstand the loads that occur while
the vehicles are passing other trains under all conditions, including when in tunnels.
The forces, which are needed to actuate the closing and locking devices, shall be of a
magnitude that can be applied by an operator without additional tools. Exceptions are
 ---pagebreak--- allowed when additional tools are specifically made available or when motor driven
systems are used.
The closing and locking systems shall be inspected at normal maintenance periods and
remedial action taken if signs of damage or malfunction are found.
     2.6.      Labelling of freight wagons
                      2.6.1. Description of the parameter
The basic parameter specifies the labelling of equipment and facilities on vehicles
operated by railway staff. Labelling is required in order to ensure safe operation, e.g. by
indicating certain design features of the vehicle that must be known by railway staff in
the course of their duties, as for example:
             •    Vehicle number
             •    Braking performance and brake system cocks
             •    Drain cocks
             •    Electrical isolation switches
             •    Safety notices relevant to wagon type
             •    Vehicle tare weight and load capacity
             •    Lifting/jacking points
             •    Geometrical features
             •    Pneumatic and electrical pipes
             •    Power supply systems
             •    High voltage lines
             •    Possibility of ferry boat fixation
             •    Min possible curve radius
             •    Possibility of running on humps.
                      2.6.2. Characteristics to be respected
Markings are required on wagons to:
    • Identify each individual wagon by its unique number, as specified in the Traffic
        Operations and Management TSI, and recorded in the Register;
    • Provide information required to produce train consists, including brake mass,
        length over buffers, tare weight, speed versus load table for different line
        categories;
    • Identify operational restrictions to staff, including geographical limitations, and
        shunting restrictions;
    • Provide pertinent safety information for staff operating wagons or attending in an
        emergency, including overhead live wire and electrical equipment warning signs,
        lift / jacking points, vehicle specific safety instructions.
These markings will be listed in the relevant TSI. The markings shall be located as high
as practicable on the wagon structure up to a height of 1600mm above rail level. The
markings of wagons which do not have vertical sides shall be affixed on special panels.
Markings may be achieved by painting or decals.
When decals are used they shall meet requirements relating to:
 ---pagebreak--- •       Adhesive strength
•       Environmental friendliness
•       Water resistant, UV resistant, abrasive resistant, chemical resistant.
The requirements for Dangerous Goods Markings are covered by directive 96/49/EC
with its valid Annex RID and are not, therefore, included in this basic parameter.
When changes to a wagon occur that require changes to the markings, such changes shall
be consistent with changes to the data recorded in the Rolling Stock Register.
Markings shall be cleaned / replaced when required to ensure that they remain legible.
     2.7.     Special vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods and pressured
              gases
                    2.7.1. Description of the parameter
The tanks or other parts of freight wagons for the transport of dangerous goods shall be
designed to enable a safe transport. The basic parameter gives specifications on special
vehicles for the transport of dangerous goods and pressured gases. For example, the
following features shall be addressed:
 RID
 TPED
                    2.7.2. Characteristics to be respected
General
Wagons carrying dangerous goods shall meet the requirements of this TSI and in
addition the requirements of RID.
The RID which is an Annex of Council Directive 96/49/EC ensures a very high safety
level. Further developments in this legal area are led by an international working group
(RID-Committee) of representatives from the governments which are members of the
COTIF.
Legislation applicable to rolling stock for the transport of dangerous goods
                Rolling Stock                         Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                                                      Annex in their valid version
                Marking and Labelling                 Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                                                      Annex in their valid version
                Buffers                               Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                                                      Annex in their valid version
                Spark protection                      Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                                                      Annex in their valid version
 ---pagebreak---                Use of wagons for the transport of Under examination by working
               Dangerous Goods in long tunnels      groups mandated by the European
                                                    Commission (AEIF and RID)
Additional legislation applicable to tanks
               Tank                                 Council Directive 1999/36/EC on
                                                    transportable pressure equipment
                                                    (TPED) in its valid version
               Tank testing,      inspection   and EN 12972 Tanks for transport of
               marking                              dangerous goods-testing, inspection
                                                    and marking of metallic tanks from
                                                    April 2001
Maintenance rules
The maintenance of tank/freight wagons shall be compliant with the following standard
and the Council Directive:
                  •   Testing and inspection     EN 12972 Tanks for transport of
                                                 dangerous goods-testing, inspection and
                                                 marking of metallic tanks from April
                                                 2001
                  •   Maintenance of Tank Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                      and its equipment          Annex in their valid version
                  •   Mutual agreements on Council Directive 96/49/EC and its
                      Tank-inspectors            Annex in their valid version
 Council Directive 96/49/EC and its Annex RID shall also be taken into account.
     2.8.    Kinematic Gauge
                    2.8.1. Description of the parameter
The gauge is a concept designed to define external sizes so that rolling stock can be
operated without encountering any obstacle associated with fixed installations (tunnel
walls, catenary or signal posts, bridge parapets, platforms, etc.). The gauge is thus two-
fold: the structure gauge which defines the minimum size of the infrastructure, and the
gauge of the rolling stock which defines its maximum size.
Rolling stock gauge is defined in terms of the envelope within which the rolling stock is
contained when operating. The gauge of rolling stock travelling on a given line section
must always be smaller, by an appropriate safety margin, than the minimum structure
gauge of the line in question. The future Infrastructure TSI will indicate the gauge
requirements for new, upgraded, renewed and existing lines.
The basic parameter defines maximum allowable kinematic envelope which a vehicle
may use and specify the principles to be used for determining the kinematic envelope.
 ---pagebreak---                      2.8.2. Characteristics to be respected
This section defines the maximum outside dimensions of wagons to ensure that they
remain within the infrastructure gauge. To achieve this, the maximum possible
movement of the wagon is considered. This is called the kinematic envelope.
The kinematic envelope of the rolling stock is defined by means of a reference profile
and its associated rules. It is obtained by applying the rules giving reductions in relation
to the reference profile, which the various parts of the rolling stock shall meet.
These reductions depend on:
• the geometric characteristics of the rolling stock in question,
• the position of the cross-section in relation to the bogie pivot or to the axles,
• the height of the point considered in relation to the running surface,
• constructional tolerances,
• the maximum wear allowance,
• the elastic characteristics of the suspension.
The study of the maximum construction gauge takes into account both the lateral and
vertical movements of the rolling stock, drawn up on the basis of the geometrical and
suspension characteristics of the vehicle under various loading conditions.
The construction gauge of rolling stock travelling on a given section of line must always
be smaller, by an appropriate safety margin, than the minimum structure gauge of the line
in question.
A rolling stock gauge comprises two fundamental elements: a reference profile and the
rules for that profile. It allows determination of the maximum dimensions of rolling stock
and the position of fixed structures on the line.
In order that a rolling stock gauge is applicable, the following three parts of that gauge
shall be specified:
• the reference profile;
• the rules for determining the maximum construction gauge for the wagons;
• the rules for determining the clearances to structures and the track spacing.
The relevant TSI shall specify the reference profile and the rules for the maximum
construction gauge for the wagons.
The associated rules for determining the clearances for installation of structures are
covered in the Infrastructure TSI.
All equipment and parts of wagons that give rise to transverse and vertical displacements
shall be checked at appropriate maintenance intervals.
In order to keep the wagon inside the kinematic gauge, the maintenance plan shall
include provision for inspection of the following items:
• wheel profile and wear,
• bogie frame,
• springs,
• side barriers,
• body structure,
• constructional clearances,
• maximum wear allowance,
• elastic characteristics of the suspension,
• axle guide wear,
• elements that affect the vehicle flexibility coefficient,
• elements that affect the roll centre.
 ---pagebreak--- As an interface with the Rolling Stock – Freight Wagons sub-system, the sub-system
Infrastructure has to comply with these characteristics.
      2.9.    Static axle load, dynamic wheel load and linear load
                    2.9.1. Description of the parameter
When a train circulates on a rail track, the rail undergoes load strain and this must be
tolerated. These loads are both static and dynamic and are transferred to the track through
the running gear. The track and rolling stock must be designed in such a way as to ensure
that these loads remain within the line safety limits.
The strength of the track to support vehicles is a function of the design and maintenance
of the track-bed and structures. The axle load and axle spacing (wheelbase) of the
vehicles define the vertical quasi-static load input to the track.
The axle load of the rolling stock shall not exceed the lowest axle load limit of the lines
(at the allowed maximum speed of the rolling stock) on which it is intended to run. The
future Infrastructure TSI will indicate the requirements of the lines of the trans-European
conventional rail network.
                    2.9.2. Characteristics to be respected
The axle load and axle spacing of the vehicles defines the vertical quasi-static load input
to the track.
The load limits for wagons take into account their geometrical characteristics, weights
per axle and weights per linear metre.
They shall be in accordance with the classification of lines or sections of lines, categories
A, B1, B2, C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, D4 as defined in the table below.
It is intended that routes capable of accepting axle loads higher than 22.5 tonnes will be
gradually introduced across the European railway network in accordance with the
requirements of railway undertakings and the infrastructure managers. For axle loads
higher than 22.5 tonnes, existing national rules continue to apply to lines capable of
accepting these axle loads.
 ---pagebreak--- Classification Mass per axle = P
                  A         B          C          D         E           F          G
Mass per unit 16 t          18 t       20 t       22.5 t    25 t        27.5 t     30 t
length = p
1 5.0 t/m         A         B1
2 6.4 t/m                   B2         C2         D2
3 7.2 t/m                              C3         D3
4 8.0 t/m                              C4         D4        E4
5 8.8 t/m                                                   E5
6 10 t/m
p=      Mass per unit length, i.e. the wagon mass plus the mass of the load, divided by the
        wagon length in metres, measured over the buffers when non-compressed.
P=      Mass per axle.
        A train made up of wagons with two 2-axle bogies in accordance with the data
        given in Annex D Table D.1 shall be used in order to determine the category in
        which a line should be classified.
        A line or section of line shall be classified in one of these categories when it is
        capable of handling an unlimited number of wagons with the weight
        characteristics shown in the table above.
NOTE :           As an exception 20 t axle-loads may be exceeded by up to 0.5 t on
                 Category C lines for:
    •             2-axle long wagons with 14.10 m < LOB < 15.50 m to bring their
        payload                                                                           up
        to 25 t;
    •             wagons designed for 22.5 t axle-loads to offset the extra tare incurred in
        making them suitable for such axle-loads.
         In practice, the maximum permissible mass per wheel shall be 11.1 t.
Classification according to the maximum mass per axle P shall be expressed in capital
letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G); classification according to the maximum mass per unit
length p shall be expressed in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), except for Category A.
The correspondence between classified lines and handling of wagons will be specified in
the relevant TSI.
      2.10. Electrical protection of the train
                     2.10.1. Description of the parameter
This basic parameter covers the disconnection of power supply in case of short circuit.
Electrical resistance between all metal parts of the rolling stock and the rail shall be low
 ---pagebreak--- enough to ensure that rising short circuit current will cause disconnection of circuit line
breaker (e. g. when the catenary falls on a wagon).
The return current paths and the protective bonding (earthing cable) of the vehicle shall
be able to withstand the maximum short circuit current until disconnection by
infrastructure circuit line breaker (substation) without damaging the current paths itself
or parts of the vehicle.
                    2.10.2. Characteristics to be respected
                         2.10.2.1.      General
All the metallic parts of a freight wagon that are at risk from excessive contact voltages
or being at risk of causing accidents caused by electrical charges of any origin, shall be
held at the same voltage as the rail.
                         2.10.2.2.       Functional and technical specifications of the
                                 subsystem
Freight wagon bonding
The electrical resistance between the metallic parts and the rail shall not exceed 0.15 ohm
for freight wagons.
These values are measured with 50 A direct current.
When materials which are poor conductors do not enable the above values to be reached,
the vehicles themselves shall be fitted with the following protective bonding connections:
     •     The body shall be connected to the frame in at least two different points;
     •     The frame shall be connected to each bogie at least once.
Each bogie shall be bonded reliably by means of at least one axle box;.
If there are no bogies, no bonding connections are needed.
Each bonding connection shall be made of a flexible and non corrodable or corrosion
protected material and have a minimum cross section according to the materials used (the
reference is 35 mm2 for copper).
Particularly restrictive conditions, from the point of view of eliminating risks, shall be
taken in the case of special vehicles, for example roofless vehicles occupied by
passengers in their own cars, vehicles used to transport dangerous good (listed in the
directive 96/49 EC and its valid Annex RID.).
Freight wagon electrical equipment bonding
Where there is an electrical installation on the freight wagon, any metallic parts of the
electrical equipment liable to be touched by people shall be reliably bonded, if the
standard voltage to which they may be subjected is higher than:
•    50 Vdc
 ---pagebreak--- •    24 Vac
•    24 V between phases when the neutral point is not bonded
•    42 V between phases when the neutral point is bonded.
The cross-section of the bonding cable will depend on the current in the electrical
installation, but shall be of a suitable size to guarantee reliable operation of the circuit
protection devices, in the event of a fault.
Any aerials fitted outside the freight wagons shall be completely protected from the
voltage of the catenary or 3rd rail and the system shall form an electrical single unit
bonded at one single point. An antenna fitted outside of the freight wagon that does not
conform to the previous conditions, shall be isolated.
The electrical resistance of each wheelset measured across the treads of the two wheels
shall not exceed 0.01 ohm for new or reassembled wheelsets incorporating new
components.
These resistance measurements are to be made using an applied voltage of 1.8 to 2.0 V.
      2.11. Vehicle dynamic behaviour (wheel-rail interaction)
                     2.11.1. Description of the parameter
The basic parameter defines the limiting criteria to which a vehicle must conform in
order to negotiate safely the track features it may experience. It includes the limiting
track features against which conformance has to be assessed.
It also indicates acceptable methods of validation including analysis, laboratory tests and
track tests.
                     2.11.2. Characteristics to be respected
                         2.11.2.1.      General
The dynamic behaviour of a vehicle has strong effects on safety against derailment and
running stability. The vehicle dynamic behaviour is determined by:
• the maximum speed
• static track features (alignment, track gauge, cant, rail inclination, discrete and
     periodic track irregularities)
• dynamic track features (horizontal and vertical track stiffness and track damping)
• wheel / rail contact parameters (wheel and rail profile, track gauge)
• wheel defects (wheel flats, out of roundness)
• mass and inertia of car body, bogies and wheelsets
• suspension characteristic of the vehicles
• distribution of the payload.
 ---pagebreak--- In order to guarantee safety and running stability, measurements in different operating
conditions or comparison studies with proven design (e. g. simulation / calculation) have
to be carried out to assess the dynamic behaviour.
Rolling stock must have characteristics which enable stable running within the applicable
speed limit.
                         2.11.2.2.      Functional and technical specifications of the
                                 subsystem
Safety against derailment and running stability
In order to guarantee safety against derailment and running stability the forces between
wheel and rail have to be limited. In particular, the forces in question are transverse track
forces Y and vertical forces Q.
• Lateral track force Y
            In order to prevent track shifts, interoperable rolling stock shall comply with
            the Prud’homme criteria for the maximum transverse force
                                            (ΣY)lim or (H2m)lim
            ((H2m) is the floating mean value of the lateral force in an axle measured over
            2 m)
            This value will be given by the TSI Infrastructure; until that time national
            rules will apply.
            In curves, the limit of the quasi-static lateral force on the outer wheel is
                                                Yqst,lim
            This value will be given by the TSI Infrastructure; until that time national
            rules will apply.
•   Y/Q forces
            To limit the risk of wheel climb on the rail the quotient of lateral force Y and
            vertical load Q of a wheel must not exceed
                                (Y/Q)lim = 0.8 for large curves R ≥ 250 m
                                (Y/Q)lim = 1.2 for small curves R < 250 m
•   Vertical force
            The maximum dynamic vertical force exerted on the rail is
                                                    Qmax
            This value will be given by the TSI Infrastructure; until that time national
            rules will apply.
            In curves the limit of the quasi-static vertical force on the outer wheel is
                                                   Qqst,lim
            This value will be given by the TSI Infrastructure; until that time national
            rules will apply.
Safety against derailment when running on twisted tracks
Wagons are able to run on twisted tracks when (Y/Q) does not exceed the limit given
here-above in a curve of radius R = 150 m and for a given twisted track:
        for a wheel base of 1.3 m ≤ 2a* ≤ 20 m
                g lim = 20/2a* + 3
 ---pagebreak---                 g lim≤ 7‰
With a wheelbase of 2a* > 20 m, the limit value glim = 3‰.
The wheelbase 2a* represents the axle spacing for 2-axle wagons or the distance between
the pivot centres of a bogie wagon.
Maintenance rules
The following key parameters essential for safety and running stability shall be
maintained according to the maintenance plan:
        •        suspension characteristics
        •        body-bogie connections
        •        tread profile.
The maximum and minimum dimensions for wheelsets and wheels for standard gauge
will be given in the Freight wagons TSI.
     2.12. Longitudinal compressive Forces
                     2.12.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the maximum longitudinal compressive force which can be
applied on an interoperable freight wagon or an individual vehicle of an interoperable
train-set during braking or during a pushing operation, without any risk of derailment.
                     2.12.2. Characteristics to be respected
                        2.12.2.1.       General
When subjected to longitudinal compressive forces, the wagon has to continue to run
safely. In order to guarantee safety against derailment, the wagon or system of coupled
wagons has to be assessed by tests, calculations or through comparison with the
characteristics of approved (certified) wagons.
The longitudinal force that can be applied on a vehicle without derailing has to be higher
than a threshold value depending on the vehicle design (two axle, bogie wagon, fixed
group of vehicles, Combirail, Road- Railer™, etc.) fitted with UIC coupler or accepted
central coupler or coupling rod/short couplers.
The conditions to certify the wagons, fixed groups of wagons and coupled groups of
wagons are given in the following section.
The conditions that affect the maximum longitudinal compressive force that a wagon is
capable of withstanding without derailment include:
• cant deficiency
• train and wagon braking system
• system of draw gear and buffers on the wagons or specially coupled wagon-groups
• design characteristics of the wagon
• characteristics of the line
• train driver’s handling of the train, especially braking
 ---pagebreak--- • wheel / rail contact parameters (wheel and rail profile, track gauge)
• load distribution of the individual freight wagons.
The longitudinal compressive force has a strong effect on safety against derailment of a
vehicle. Therefore measurements in different operating conditions have been carried out
to find the acceptable limits of longitudinal compressive force that can be applied on a
vehicle without risk of derailment. Experience with different wagon-types has resulted in
different methods of acceptance depending on factors such as tare weight, length,
wheelbase, overhang, distance between pivots etc. To avoid tests the wagons have to
correspond with the characteristics of previously approved wagons, or been built due to
approved design characteristics of wagons and fitted with approved components such as
certified bogies.
                        2.12.2.2.       Functional and technical specifications of the
                                subsystem
The subsystem shall withstand the longitudinal compressive forces in the train without
derailing or damaging the vehicle. In particular the determining factors are the following:
   • transverse wheel / rail forces -Y-
   • vertical forces -Q-
   • lateral forces on axle-boxes -Hij-
   • braking forces (due to wheel / rail contact, dynamic braking and different braking
        groups of the wagons and trains)
   • diagonal and vertical buffer forces
   • coupling forces ±Z
   • damping of buffer- and coupling forces
   • the result of coupler tightness
   • the result of coupler slack
   • jerks as a result of longitudinal movements in the trains and coupler slack
   • wheel lift
   • axle guide deflection
Longitudinal Compressive Forces (LCF) are influenced by many factors. The different
factors are given in the documents for construction and operating conditions of wagons
to which it is necessary to certify wagons for normal traffic on different lines and under
different conditions.
In order to certify wagons for mixed traffic on the European Network, it has been
clarified through tests on special testing track and in running trains on different lines that
wagons can withstand a minimum longitudinal force, without derailing. The following
definition was made:
Freight wagons fitted with screw couplings and side-buffers as well as compositions of
freight wagons fitted with screw couplings and side-buffers at their outer ends and
coupling rod/short coupler between the units, must withstand independently from their
type, a minimum longitudinal force measured in the conditions of the reference test of:
• 200 kN for two-axle freight wagons with UIC coupling
• 240 kN for freight wagons fitted with two-axle bogies with UIC coupling
• 500 kN for freight wagons with all types of central bar couplers and without buffers.
For other coupling systems, limit values are not yet defined.
 ---pagebreak---                          2.12.2.3.       Maintenance rules
If the bufferheads have to be lubricated in order to ensure the required coefficient of
friction, then the maintenance plan shall include provision for maintaining the coefficient
of friction at this level.
      2.13. Braking performance
                      2.13.1. Description of the parameter
Braking performance of a train or a vehicle is the result of a process of retarding the
train within defined limits. It covers all factors involved in the conversion and
dissipation of energy and includes train resistance. Individual vehicle performance is
defined so that the overall braking performance of the train can be derived
operationally.
Braking performance for an individual vehicle has to be determined for
•   Emergency brake,
•   Full service brake.
Braking performance is fully defined by:
•   Deceleration curve (deceleration = f(speed), at the minimum: mean deceleration (=
    average deceleration)),
•   Time delay (time delay covers signal transmission delay and a ratio of application-
    time),
•   Minimum deceleration at any points during the braking process (e. g. to counter
    gradient effects),
•   Differentiation between Emergency and Full Service braking.
                      2.13.2. Characteristics to be respected
                         2.13.2.1.       General
The purpose of the train braking system is to ensure that the train speed can be reduced
or can be stopped within the maximum allowable braking distance. The primary factors
that influence the brake process are the braking power, the speed, the allowable braking
distance, the adhesion and the track gradient.
Braking performance of a train or a vehicle is the result of the braking power available to
retard the train within defined limits and all factors involved in the conversion and
dissipation of energy including train resistance. Individual vehicle performance is
defined so that the overall braking performance of the train can be derived operationally.
Vehicles must be equipped with continuous automatic brake.
 ---pagebreak--- A brake is continuous if it allows the transmission of signals and energy between
adjacent vehicles when coupled in a train.
A continuous brake is automatic, if it becomes effective immediately on the whole train
with every inadvertent break of the control train line, e. g. brake-pipe.
Where it is not possible to detect the state of the brake, an indicator showing the state
shall be provided on both sides of the vehicle.
The brake energy storage (e.g. supply reservoirs of indirect pneumatic air brake system,
brake pipe air) and the brake energy used to build up the brake effort (e.g. air from brake
cylinders of indirect pneumatic air brake system) shall be used only for braking use.
                       2.13.2.2.       Functional and Technical Specification of braking
                               performance
Control train line
The minimum propagation signal speed shall be 250 m/s.
Braking Performance elements
Braking performance shall take into account mean application time, instantaneous
deceleration, mass and initial speed. Braking performance shall be determined by both
deceleration profiles and by braked weight percentage and / or brake force.
Deceleration profile
The deceleration profile describes the predicted instantaneous deceleration of the vehicle
(at the level of a vehicle) or the train (at the level of a train) in normal conditions. The
deceleration profile of the train is to be calculated from knowledge of all individual
deceleration profiles of the train’s vehicles. The deceleration profile includes the effect
of:
        a) the response time between brake demand and reaching full brake effort.
                Te
 ---pagebreak---         Proportionof
        brakingeffort
                          Beginningof
  100%                    braking
                          effort
         Brake demand
                                                 Full braking
                                                    effort
   0%                                                                  Time
              t1                 t2
        Te is the equivalent build-up application time and is defined as:
        Te = t1 + (t2 / 2)
        For pneumatic brake the end of the time t2 corresponds to 95% of established
        brake cylinder pressure.
        b) the corresponding function (deceleration = F(speed)) as defined as a
        succession of sections with a constant deceleration.
      Acceleration
                                                                     Speed
                                                                  (V4, a4)
                                                            (V3, a3)
         (V1, a1)                      (V2, a2)
        Note: a denotes the instantaneous deceleration and V the instantaneous speed
Brake mass percentage
The brake mass percentage (lambda) is the ratio of the sum of the brake masses divided
by the sum of the masses of the vehicles.
 ---pagebreak--- The method of determining the brake mass / brake mass percentage shall remain
applicable beside the method of deceleration profiles. So both methods shall be
required, and the manufacturer shall supply these values. This information is required
to be entered in the Rolling Stock Register.
Braking power for an individual vehicle shall be determined in emergency braking for
each braking mode (e.g. G, P, R, P + Ep) available on the vehicle and for several
loading conditions including at least the tare and the full load.
G braking mode
Brake mode used for freight trains with specified brake application time and brake
release time.
P braking mode
Brake mode for passenger trains and freight trains with specified brake application time
and brake release time and specified brake mass percentage.
R braking mode
Brake mode for passenger trains and fast freight trains with specified brake application
time and brake release time as braking mode P and specified brake mass percentage.
Ep brake (indirect Electro-pneumatic brake)
Assistance to indirect air brake that uses an electrical command on the train and electro-
pneumatic valves on the vehicle and thus starts operating more rapidly and less jerkily
than the conventional air brake.
Emergency braking
Emergency braking is a brake command that stops the train to ensure the specified level
of safety without any brake system degradation.
The minimum braking performance for brake-modes G and P shall be in accordance with
the following table :
Braking         Te (s)         Speed limit 100 km/h             Speed limit 120 km/h
mode            (range)
P                              lambda           Minimum         lambda        Minimum
                               Braking          mean            Braking       mean
                               distance         deceleration    distance      deceleration
Case        A: 1.5 – 3         100 %            0,91            100 %         0.88
empty                          480 m                            700 m
Case        B: 1.5 – 3                                          100 %         0.88
Brake only                                                      700 m
on     wheels
loaded at 18 t
per wheelset
Case        C: 1.5 – 3                                          90 %          0.80
 ---pagebreak--- Brake only                                                              765 m
on      wheels
loaded at 20 t
per wheelset
Case D:          1.5 – 3          65 %               0.6                100 %         0.88
Full loaded                       700 m                                 700 m for
(other cases)                                                           disk brakes 1
G                9 – 15           There shall be no separate Not applicable
                                  assessment of the braking
                                  power of wagons in
                                  position G.
                                  A wagon’s braked mass in
                                  position G shall be the same
                                  as         braked mass in
                                  position P.
        Te: Equivalent Build-up-time of application and half the individual vehicle
        response time for single-pipe freight wagons.
This table is based on a reference speed of 100 km/h and an axle load of 22.5 t, and 120
km/h and an axle load of 20 t. Higher axle loads can be accepted under specific
operational conditions. The permitted maximum axle load shall be in accordance with the
infrastructure requirements.
In braking mode P and G, lambda shall be not higher than 130 % in all cases without
wheel slide protection (WSP) (especially important in the empty state).
                         2.13.2.3.         Mechanical components
A device to automatically maintain the design clearance between the friction pair is
mandatory.
                         2.13.2.4.         Energy storage
The energy storage shall be sufficient to obtain during an emergency braking at
maximum speed, whatever the loaded state of the vehicle, the maximum brake effort
without any further supply of energy (e.g. for indirect compressed air brake system:
brake pipe only without replenishment by main reservoir pipe). When a vehicle is
equipped with WSP the above condition applies with the WSP fully operational (e.g.
WSP air consumption).
1
  80% for wagons with only shoe brakes; the charge is then limited to 18 t.
 ---pagebreak---                          2.13.2.5.      Energy limits
The brake system shall be designed to allow the vehicle to run on all existing lines of the
whole trans-European conventional rail system.
The brake system must stop the vehicle loaded and maintain the speed of the vehicle
without any thermal or mechanical damage in these following conditions:
        1. 2 successive emergency braking from the maximum speed on straight and flat
             track with minimum wind and dry rail;
        2. Maintain a speed of 80 km/h in a slope with a mean declivity of 21 ‰ and a
             length of 46 km (the south slope of St Gotthard’s line between Airolo and
             Biasca is the reference slope).
                         2.13.2.6.      Wheel slide protection (WSP)
Wheel slide protection (WSP) is a system designed to make the best use of available
adhesion by a controlled reduction and restoration of the brake force to prevent wheel
sets from locking and uncontrolled sliding, thereby optimising stopping distance. The
WSP shall not alter the functional characteristics of the brakes. The vehicle’s air
equipment shall be dimensioned such that the air consumption of the WSP does not
impair the performance of the pneumatic brake. The WSP shall not have a detrimental
effect on the constituent parts of the vehicle (brake gear, wheel tread, axle boxes, etc).
The use of a WSP is mandatory for wagons:
        a)
        equipped with brake blocks made of cast iron or sintered material, for which the
        maximum mean utilisation of adhesion (δ) is greater than 15 % starting from a
        speed of 120 km/h (lambda ≥ 160 %). The maximum mean utilisation of adhesion
        is shown by calculating the maximum mean adhesion (δ) from individual braking
        distances obtained from the possible range of vehicle mass. δ is therefore related
        to the measured braking distances necessary for determining the braking
        performance (δ = f(V, Te, stopping distance)).
        b)
        equipped with disc brakes only or composite blocks, for which the maximum
        utilisation of adhesion (see above for the definition of the maximum utilisation of
        adhesion (δ)) is greater than 11 % at a speed of 120 km/h (lambda ≥ 125 %).
        c)
        With maximum operating speed ≥ 160 km/h.
                         2.13.2.7.      Air-supply
 ---pagebreak--- Freight wagons shall be designed to be able to work with compressed air compliant at
least with class 4.4.5 as defined by ISO 8573-1.
                        2.13.2.8.      Parking Brake
A parking brake is a brake used to prevent parked rolling stock moving under the
specified conditions taking into account the place, wind, gradient and rolling stock state,
until intentionally released.
It is not compulsory for all wagons to be equipped with a parking brake. Operational
rules, taking into account the fact that not all wagons in a train are equipped with these
brakes, are described in the Traffic Operation and Management TSI (e.g. train
composition rules and other means to immobilise the train).
If the wagon is equipped with a parking brake, it shall meet the following requirements.
The power source for providing the parking brake effort shall be derived from a different
power source than the automatic service / emergency brake.
The parking brake shall operate on at least half of the wheelsets, with a minimum of 2
wheelsets per wagon.
Where it is not possible to see the state of the parking brake, an indicator showing the
state shall be provided on both sides on the outside of the vehicle.
The wagon parking brake shall be accessed and operated from the ground or on the
vehicle. Handles or hand wheels shall be used to operate the parking brake, but only
hand wheels may be used for brakes operated from the ground. Parking brakes that are
accessible from the ground shall be available on both sides of the vehicle. Handles or
hand wheels shall apply the brakes when they are turned in a clockwise direction.
Where the parking brake controls are fitted inside a vehicle, they shall be accessible from
both sides of the vehicle. Where the parking brake can be superimposed with other brake
applications, either whilst moving or statically, the vehicle equipment shall be able to
withstand the imposed loads for the life of the vehicle.
It shall be possible to release the parking brake manually in an emergency situation at
standstill.
The parking brake shall conform to the table below.
Wagon not specifically listed below         At least 20% of a keeper’s fleet with the
                                            parking brake operated from the wagon
                                            (platform or gangway) or the ground,
                                            spread over the greatest possible
                                            number of types of wagons
Wagons built specifically for the One per wagon operated from the
transport of loads requiring precautions vehicle (platform or gangway)
as follows or / and according to Council
 ---pagebreak--- Directive 96/49/EC (RID):
livestock; fragile loads; compressed or
liquefied gases; materials which give
off inflammable gases when in contact
with water causing combustion; acids;
corrosive or combustible liquids; loads
igniting spontaneously, catching fire or
exploding easily
Wagons whose special fittings for         One per wagon operated from the
accommodating the load must be            wagon (platform or gangway)
treated with caution, i.e. carboy, jar or
cask wagons; tanks of aluminium; tanks
lined with ebonite or enamel; crane
wagons (or / and according to Council
Directive 96/49/EC (RID))
Wagons with a superstructure built        One per wagon operated from the
specifically for the transport of road    wagon (platform or gangway) and 20%
vehicles, including the multi-deck        of these having the parking brake also
wagons for the transport of motor cars    operated from the wagon floor
Wagons for the transport of de-           One per wagon operated from the
mountable swap bodies for horizontal      ground
transhipment
Wagons comprising several                 A minimum of two axles (on one unit)
permanently coupled units
        The parking brake shall be designed such that fully loaded wagons shall be held
        in a gradient of 4.0 % with maximum adhesion of 0.15 with no wind.
 ---pagebreak---      2.14. Vehicle capability to transmit information between ground and vehicle
                    2.14.1. Description of the parameter
This basic parameter indicates the required minimum capabilities of data transmission
between vehicle and ground. This capability may range from simple vehicle
identification (e.g., wagon number) to complex data exchange processes, e.g., needed to
support load monitoring, fleet management, etc.
                    2.14.2. Characteristics to be respected
                        2.14.2.1.      General
Application of tags is not mandatory. If a wagon is fitted with radio-frequency
identification devices (RFID-tag), the following specification shall be applied.
                        2.14.2.2.      Functional and technical specification of the
                                subsystem
Two "passive" tags shall be fitted, one on each side of the wagon in the areas indicated in
the following figure 2, such that the unique identification number of the wagon can be
read by a trackside device (the tag reader).
Fig. 2 Tag position on wagon
 ---pagebreak--- When available, trackside devices (tag readers) shall be capable of decoding tags passing
at a speed of up to 30 km/h and make this decoded information available to a ground-
based data transmission system.
Typical installation constraints are given in figure 3 where the reader position is defined
by a cone.
Fig. 3 - Installation constraints for tag readers
The physical interactions between the reader and the tag, the protocols and the
commands, and the collision arbitration schemes, shall conform to ISO18000-6 type A.
When fitted, tag readers shall be positioned at entry and exit points of locations where
train formation can be changed.
The tag reader shall provide at a minimum to the interface with any data transmission
system the following:
• Unambiguous identification of the tag reader, among those that may be installed in
    the same location, in order to identify the track being monitored,
• Unique identification of every wagon passing,
• Time and date for each wagon passing.
Time and date information shall be accurate enough in order that a subsequent processing
system is able to identify the actual physical train composition.
                        2.14.2.3.        Maintenance rules
Inspections according to the maintenance plan shall include:
• presence of tags,
• correct response,
• processes to ensure that tags will not be degraded during the maintenance procedures.
 ---pagebreak---      2.15. Environmental conditions for rolling stock (Range of functioning of
              components)
                    2.15.1. Description of the parameter
It specifies the range of functioning of rolling stock components. It may be expressed in
classes for temperature etc. thereby giving the choice for the operator / manufacturer to
build a vehicle suitable for operation all over Europe, as the automotive industry is
doing, or have a restricted use.
The different environmental conditions of the lines are defined in the “Register of
Infrastructure”.
                    2.15.2. Characteristics to be respected
                        2.15.2.1.      General
The rolling stock, as well as the on-board equipment, shall be able to be put into service
and operate normally in the conditions and climatic zones for which the equipment is
designed and in which it is likely to run.
The environmental conditions are expressed in classes for temperature etc. thereby giving
the choice for the operator to procure a vehicle suitable for operation all over Europe, or
have a restricted use.
The "Register of Infrastructure" will specify the ranges of environmental conditions
likely to be experienced on the individual lines. The same ranges will be used to assist
reference to operating rules.
The range limits specified are those which have a low probability of being exceeded. All
specified values are maximum or limit values. These values may be reached, but do not
occur permanently. Depending on the situation there may be different frequencies of
occurrence related to a certain period of time.
                        2.15.2.2.      Functional and technical specifications of the
                                subsystem
Altitude
The wagons shall perform as specified for all altitudes up to 2000 m.
Temperature
    Classes        Design level classes
    TRIV           Subsystems and components have different temperature requirements.
                   Details will be given in the relevant TSI
                   Air temperature range external to vehicle [°C]:
    Tn             -40 +35
 ---pagebreak---     Ts             -25   +45
The class TRIV is identical to the temperature design level of all interoperable wagons
existing before implementation of the relevant TSI. The design level for class TRIV will
be given in the relevant TSI.
All freight wagons intended for international traffic shall comply as a minimum with
temperature class TRIV.
In addition to design level class TRIV the external temperature classes Ts and Tn exist.
A TRIV wagon is permitted to operate in:
•   permanent use on Ts lines;
•   permanent use on Tn lines in the period of the year when temperature is expected to
    be above -25 °C;
•   non-permanent use on Tn lines in the period of the year when temperature is expected
    to be below -25 °C.
Remark: it will be the choice of wagon buyer to decide the additional temperature range
of the wagon according to its intended use (Tn, Ts, Tn + Ts, or nothing more than TRIV).
Humidity
The following external humidity levels shall be considered:
Yearly average: ≤ 75% relative humidity;
On 30 days in the year continuously: between 75% and 95% relative humidity;
On the other days occasionally: between 95% and 100% relative humidity;
Maximum absolute humidity: 30 g/m3 occurring in tunnels.
An operationally caused infrequent and slight moisture condensation shall not lead to any
malfunction or failure.
The relevant TSI will specify the range of variation of the relative humidity for the
different temperature classes that it is considered will not be exceeded for more than 30
days per year.
At cooled surfaces, 100% relative humidity may occur causing condensation on parts of
equipment; this shall not lead to any malfunction or failure.
Sudden changes of the air temperature local to the vehicle may cause condensation of
water on parts of equipment with rate of 3 K/s and maximum variation of 40 K.
These conditions particularly occurring when entering or leaving a tunnel shall not lead
to any malfunction or failure of the equipment.
Rain
Rain rate of 6 mm/min shall be taken into account. The effect of rain shall be considered
depending on the equipment installation together with wind and vehicle movement.
 ---pagebreak--- Snow, ice and hail
Consideration shall be given to the effect of all kind of snow, ice and / or hail. The
maximum diameter of hailstones shall be taken as 15 mm, larger diameter may occur
exceptionally.
Solar radiation
Equipment design should allow for direct exposure to solar radiation at the rate of 1120
W/m2 for a maximum duration of 8h.
Pollution
The effects of pollution shall be considered in the design of equipment and components.
The severity of pollution will depend upon the location of the equipment. Means may be
provided to reduce pollution by the effective use of protection. The effects of the
following kinds of pollution shall be considered:
 Chemically active substances        Class 5C2 of EN 60721-3-5:1997
 Contaminating fluids                Class 5F2 (electrical engine) of EN
                                     60721-3-5:1997
                                     Class 5F3 (thermal engine) of EN 60721-
                                     3-5:1997
 Biologically active substances Class 5B2 of EN 60721-3-5:1997.
 Dust                                Defined by class 5S2 of EN 60721-3-
                                     5:1997
 Stones and other objects            Ballast and other of maximum 15 mm
                                     diameter
 Grasses and leaves, pollen, For the design of ventilation ducts
 flying insects, fibres etc.
 Sand                                According to EN 60721-3-5:1997
 Sea spray                           According to EN 60721-3-5:1997
                                     Class 5C2
      2.16. Emergency Exits and Signposting
                     2.16.1. Description of the parameter
The basic parameter gives provisions on
   Safety instructions for staff:
    – Safety instructions containing all information needed for the staff to prevent and
         handle an emergency situation;
    – Instructions for the safety training of staff (plan, documentation, training).
 ---pagebreak---    Traffic management and rescue instruction for operation:
    – Documents for definition of the location and operation of the emergency and
        recovery features of the vehicle have to be provided. This is needed for the
        Infrastructure manager and the rescue coordination centre and services.
                    2.16.2. Characteristics to be respected
There is no requirement for emergency exits or signposting relating to emergency exits
on freight wagons. However, in the event of an accident, there is a requirement for a
rescue plan and related information notices.
Freight wagons shall have pictograms attached, as specified in paragraph relating to
Marking of Wagons, indicating where the wagon may be lifted, and whether the running
gear requires detaching before lifting takes place.
     2.17. Fire Safety
                    2.17.1. Description of the parameter
The basic parameter includes the measures to guarantee a suitable safety level to prevent
fire and manage the consequences in the event of fire. It may include e.g. design
measures to avoid fire-ignition and -propagation.
                    2.17.2. Characteristics to be respected
                       2.17.2.1.        General
•   Design shall limit fire ignition and propagation;
•   No toxic fume requirements shall be taken in account;
•   The goods carried on freight wagons should not be taken into account – neither as a
    primary ignition source nor as a mean of feeding fire propagation.
    In case of dangerous goods carried on freight wagons only RID requirements shall be
    applied to them in all aspects of fire safety;
•   The goods of freight wagons shall be protected against foreseeable sources of ignition
    on the vehicle;
•   The material used on freight wagons shall limit the generation, propagation of fire,
    and production of smoke in the event of fire on primary ignition source of 7 kW
    during 3 min;
•   The design rules shall be applied for any fixed equipment of the vehicle, if it is a
    potential source of fire ignition, e.g. cooling devices containing fuel;
•   A member state shall not require smoke detectors to be installed on freight wagons.
                       2.17.2.2.        Technical specification for freight wagons
Definitions
 ---pagebreak--- Fire integrity
Is the ability of a separating construction element, when exposed to fire on one side, to
prevent the passage through it of flames, hot gases and other fire effluents or the
occurrence of flames on the unexposed side.
Thermal insulation
Is the ability of a separating construction element to prevent excessive transmission of
heat.
Normative References
1     EN 1363-1             Fire resistance tests
      October 1999          Part 1: General requirements
2     EN ISO 4589-2         Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index –
      October 1998          Part 2: Ambient temperature test
3     ISO          5658-2   Reaction to fire tests – Spread of flame
      1996-08-01            Part 2 Lateral spread on building products in vertical
                            configuration
4     EN ISO 5659-2 Plastic                     –          Smoke               generation
      October 1998          Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single chamber
                            test
5     EN 50355              Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having
      November 2002         special fire performance – Thin wall and standard wall –
                            Guide to use
6     EN ISO 9239-2         Reaction       for     fire      tests     for       flooring-
      December 2003         Part 2 Determination of flame spread at a heat flux level at
                            25 kW m2
Design rules
Spark protection of the load shall be provided separately where the floor does not provide
that protection.
The underside of the vehicle floor, in those locations where it is exposed to potential
sources of fire and when spark protection is not provided, shall be provided with thermal
insulation and fire integrity.
Material requirement
In the following table the parameters used to define requirements and their
characteristics, are listed. Also stated is whether the numerical value in the tables of
requirements represents a maximum or minimum for compliance.
A reported result equal to the requirement is compliant.
          Test Method             Parameter            Units          Requirement
                                                                        definition
       EN ISO 4589-2 [2]             LOI            % Oxygen            minimum
       ISO 5658 [3]                  CFE              kWm-2             minimum
 ---pagebreak---       EN ISO 9239-2 [6]            CFE            kWm-2         minimum
      EN ISO 5659-2 [4]           Ds max       Dimensionless    maximum
Minimum Requirements
Parts or materials having a surface area less than the surface classification
below, shall be tested with minimum requirements.
      Test Method Parameter              Unit     Requirement
      EN ISO               LOI        % Oxygen         ≥ 26
      4589-2 [2]
Requirements for material used as surface except floors
        Method :       Parameter         Unit     Requirement
       Conditions
       Parameter
       ISO 5658-2          CFE          kWm-2          ≥ 24
             [3]
            CFE
          EN ISO          Ds max    Dimensionless     ≤ 600
        5659-2 [4]
         50kWm-2
Requirements for material used as surface for floor
        Method :       Parameter         Unit     Requirement
       Conditions
       Parameter
          EN ISO           CFE          kWm-2         ≥ 4.5
          9239-2
          [6]CFE
          EN ISO          Ds max    Dimensionless     ≤ 600
        5659-2 [4]
         50kWm-2
Surface classification
All materials used shall meet the minimum requirements where the surface area of the
material / item is less than 0.25m2 and
    •   on a ceiling:
 ---pagebreak---              o the maximum dimension in any direction on the surface is less than 1m
                and
             o the separation from another surface is greater than the maximum extent of
                the surface (measured horizontally in any direction on the surface);
    •    on a wall and the floor :
             o the maximum dimension in a vertical direction is less than 1m
                and
             o the separation from another surface is greater than the maximum extent of
                the surface (measured vertically for walls or horizontally for floors).
Cable requirements
Cable used for electrical installation on freight wagons shall be in accordance with EN
50355 [5]. For fire safety requirements the hazard level 3 shall be taken in account.
Maintenance of the fire protection measures
The condition of fire integrity and thermal insulation measures of the freight wagons
(e.g. floor protection, wheel spark protection) shall be checked every overhaul period and
intermediate periods where it is appropriate to the design solution and field experience.
 ---pagebreak--- 3.    BASIC PARAMETERS      RELATED TO THE      TSI  ON  TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS
      FOR FREIGHT
      3.1.    Consignment Note data
                    3.1.1. Description of the parameter
The Consignment Note has to be sent by the Customer to the Lead RU (LRU). It must
show all the information needed to carry a consignment from the consignor to the
consignee. The LRU must supplement this data with additional information.
These data are the basis for a path request on short notice, if this is required for the
execution of the consignment note.
                    3.1.2. Characteristics to be respected
Wagon order
The wagon order is primarily a subset of the Consignment Note information.
The main content of the wagon order is:
                    •    Consignor and consignee information
                    •    Routing information
                    •    Consignment identification
                    •    Wagon information
                    •    Place and time information
Data exchange in case of Open Access
In the case of Open Access no message exchange is needed with other RUs.
Data exchange in case of Co-operation mode
In the case of co-operation with various RUs, the LRU must send Wagon Orders to the RUS
involved in the transport chain. The Content of Wagon Order must show the relevant
information which is needed for an RU to effect transportation during its responsibility
until handover to next RU. Therefore the content is dependent on the role to be
performed by the Railway Undertaking: Origin-, Transit- or Delivery RU (ORU, TRU,
DRU).
Wagon order messages
The following Wagon Orders must be distinguished:
                • Wagon Order for the Origin Railway Undertaking (ORU);
                • Wagon Order for the Delivery Railway Undertaking (DRU);
                • Wagon Order for the Transit Railway Undertaking (TRU).
 ---pagebreak---      3.2.    Path Request
                    3.2.1. Description of the parameter
Here the dialogue between RUs and IMs to get the agreement of a train movement at
short notice is described. This dialogue is stated by an RU but will involve all RUs and
IMs necessary in moving the train along the desired path.
                    3.2.2. Characteristics to be respected
Train Path
The Train Path defines the requested, accepted and actual data to be stored concerning
the path of a train and the characteristics of the train for each segment of that path.
Long term planning
The long term planning of paths (timetables) is out of the scope of the TSI.
Path Request on short notice
Due to exceptions during the train running or due to transport demands on a short time
basis, a Railway Undertaking must have the possibility to get an ad hoc path on the
network.
In the first case, immediate actions have to be started, whereby the actual train
composition based on the train composition list is known.
In the second case, the Railway Undertaking must provide the Infrastructure Manager
with all necessary data concerning when and where the train is required to run together
with the physical characteristics in so far as they interact with the infrastructure. These
data are mainly given in the supplemented consignment note, respectively in the wagon
orders.
Open Access
The RU contacts all involved IMs directly or via the One Stop Shop (OSS) to organise
the paths for the complete journey. In this case the RU has also to operate the train on the
complete journey according to Article 13 of the Directive 2001/14/EC.
Co-operation Mode
Each RU involved in the Transport Journey from A to B contacts the local IMs directly
or via OSS to request a path for the journey section on which it operates the train.
Path request dialog for short notice
In both scenarios the booking procedure of a path on short notice follows the dialog
between RU and IM involved as described below:
Path Request
 ---pagebreak--- RU to IM(s) involved, this message must be sent for a path request at short notice.
Path Details
This message must be sent from IM(s) to RU confirming details of path in response to
RU’s “Path Request”, perhaps with changed values.
Path Confirmed
This message must be sent from the RU to the IM for the acceptance of the “Path
Details” from the IM in response to the RU’s original request.
Path Details Refused
This message must be sent from the RU to the IM when not accepting the “Path Details”
from the IM in response to RU’s original request, if there are changed values, which the
RU cannot accept.
Path Cancelled
Advice from the RU to the IM to cancel a previously booked path or a part of it.
Path Not Available
Advice from the IM to the RU that the booked path is not available (cancellation of a
booked path by IM).
Receipt Confirmation
This message must be sent from the recipient of a message to the originator of the
message when the required response cannot be made available in real-time.
     3.3.    Train Preparation
                   3.3.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter specifies the messages which must be exchanged during the train
preparation phase until the start of the train. This parameter contains three groups of data:
– Train composition relating to the make up of the train and its actual characteristics.
   This is made available to all IMs and RUs involved with the train;
– Reaction of the IM, when receiving the train composition;
– The dialogue between IM and RU for each segment on the train journey that is
   necessary when the train is ready.
                   3.3.2. Characteristics to be respected
Access to registers and Reference files
 ---pagebreak--- For the preparation of the train, the RU must have access to the actual infrastructure data
(infrastructure register), to the dangerous goods reference file, to the technical wagon
data and to the current, updated information status on the wagons. This refers to all
wagons on the train.
 ---pagebreak--- Conditions for sending the train composition
If the train composition is changed at a location, this message must be exchanged once
more to all parties involved with information updated by the RU.
The train composition message
The train composition message must contain all data required for safe and efficient
traffic. These are the data concerning the physical characteristics of a train in so far as
these interact with the infrastructure network over which it is to run.
IM reactions on the train composition
Train accepted
Depending on the contractual agreement between the IM and the RU and on regulatory
requirements, the IM may also advise the RU if the train composition is acceptable for
the booked path. This is effected with this message. This message is optional, if nothing
else is agreed between IM and RU. The train preparation can be completed.
Train not Suitable
If the train is not suitable for the previously agreed path, the IM must inform the RU,
with this message. In this case the RU has to recheck the train composition or to cancel
the train path and to request new path.
Train start dialogue
At each point where the responsibility changes on the RU side, the start procedure
dialogue is obligatory.
Train ready
This message must be sent from RU to IM indicating that the train is ready for access to
the network.
Train Position
This message may be sent from the IM to the RU defining exactly when and where the
train should present itself to the network as an answer to the train ready message. The
transmission of this message depends on the contractual arrangement between the RU
and the IM.
Train at Start
This message may be sent from the RU to the IM when having received a “train position”
message from the IM, to indicate that the train has started its journey. This message must
have an identifier to which it refers.
Train Running Advice
 ---pagebreak--- IM to RU, this message must be sent to indicate that the train has arrived on the
infrastructure
      3.4.    Train Running Forecast
                     3.4.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the messages issued by the IM to the RU and also exchanged
between the IMs involved at agreed reporting points.
Train Running Forecast
The message contains the forecasted time of the train at a specified location e.g. if the
specified location is a hand over point, then the forecasted time is the ETH (Estimated
Time of Handover). For all other reporting points the forecasted time is TETA (Train
Estimated Time of Arrival)
Train Running Advice
The message contains the actual arrival time, departure time or pass-through time of a
train at a specified location together with the deviation against schedule.
                     3.4.2. Characteristics to be respected
Open Access
In the case of Open Access, which means that the paths for the complete journey are
booked by one RU (this RU also operates the train during the complete journey), the
messages are sent to this RU. The same is true, if the paths for the journey are booked by
one RU via OSS.
Co-operation mode
In the case of Co-operation mode, this information exchange between RUs and IMs
always takes place between the IM in charge and the RU, who has booked the path on
which the train is actually running.
Approaching scenario
The following scenarios will be differentiated, taking into account the various
communication relations between RUs and IMs according to the path booking:
              • Train Approaching a Handover Point between IM n°1 and his neighbour
                 IM n°2. The Handover point is not also an Interchange or Handling Point;
              • Train Approaching an Interchange Point between RU 1 and the next RU
                 2. The interchange point may also be a handover point between e.g. IM
                 n°1 and IM n°2;
              • Train Approaching a Handling Point of an RU;
              • Train arrival at Destination.
 ---pagebreak---       3.5.    Service Disruption Information
                    3.5.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the handling and the message exchange in case of any service disruption
during train running.
                    3.5.2. Characteristics to be respected
Temporary disruption in responsibility of the RU
When the RU learns about a service disruption during the train running operation for
which it is responsible, it immediately informs the IM (no IT-Message e.g. from the
driver).
Temporary disruption in responsibility of the IM
If the delay exceeds x minutes (this value must be defined in the contract between RU
and IM) the IM concerned must send to the RU a train running forecast message relating
to the next reporting point.
Cancellation of the train
If the train is cancelled, the IM sends to the neighbouring IM and to the path contracted
RU a
                        • train running interrupted message.
      3.6.    Train Location
                    3.6.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter specifies the tracing possibility to get information about train location,
train delays and performance. The information is based mainly on the stored message
exchange from the IMs.
                    3.6.2. Characteristics to be respected
Access possibility
The access to this information must be independent from the communication relation RU
/ IM during the train running, which means that the RU must have a single access address
to this information.
Accessible information
Train Running
Information on the last recorded status (location, delays and delay reasons) of one
specific train on the infrastructure of a specified IM.
Train Delay / Performance
Information on all the delays to a specific train with a particular IM
 ---pagebreak--- Train Identifier
Information about the current Train ID and its previous Train Ids. Any of the Train Ids
for a specific train can be used as access key to this information.
Train Forecast
Information about the forecast time for a specified train at a particular reporting location.
Trains at reporting Location
Information about all trains of an RU at a particular reporting location on the
infrastructure of a specific IM.
      3.7.    Shipment ETI / ETA
                     3.7.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the ETI /ETA calculation procedure and the needed message exchange
between the RUs and the Lead RU.
ETI
              Estimated Time of Interchange of a shipment (wagon) from one RU to the
                      next RU in the transport chain.
ETA
             Estimated Time of Arrival of a shipment (Wagon) on the consignee sidings.
              RU’s capability
Each RU must have the capability to receive and generate the ETI for the next RU
                     3.7.2. Characteristics to be respected
Open Access
In the case of Open Access, only one RU exists. This RU has to calculate the shipment
related ETA for its customer after having established the trip plan for the shipment and it
has to update the ETA each time, when a deviation during the transportation was
detected.
Co-operation mode
In the co-operation mode the Lead RU sends the shipment / wagon order and the release time
for the shipment / wagon to the first RU, which creates ETI and sends it to the next RU involved.
The last RU creates the ETA and sends it back to the Lead RU. This procedure must be repeated
when ever a deviation in the transportation of the shipment is detected or on request from the
LRU. The needed message is the
                      • Wagon ETI / ETA message
Basis for the ETI / ETA calculation
The first calculation is based on the release time of the shipment / wagon. The updates
are based on the information from the Infrastructure manager in charge, which sends,
within the Train Running Forecast message for the train on which the shipment / wagon
is transported, the Train Estimated Time of Arrival (TETA) for defined reporting points.
 ---pagebreak--- Intermodal units
For the intermodal units on a wagon, the wagon ETIs are also ETIs for the intermodal
units, the wagon ETA must be calculated as ETIs for the intermodal units on the wagon
by the last RU, since the RU delivers the wagon only to the intermodal terminal operator
and not to the final customer.
Alert management
The Lead RU is responsible for the comparison with the commitment to the customer.
Deviations of the ETA against the commitment to the customer must be handled in
accordance with the contract and may lead to an Alert management process by the LRU.
For the transmission of information on the result of this process an
                               • Alert message
is foreseen.
As a basis for the Alert management process, the LRU must have the possibility for a
wagon related enquiry on deviations, done with Enquiry:
                               • Information about wagon deviation
      3.8.   Wagon Movement
                    3.8.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the reporting of the movement of a wagon and defines the
needed message exchange between RUs and Lead RU (acting as service integrator).
                    3.8.2. Characteristics to be respected
Open Access
In the case of Open Access only one RU exists, which also is the LRU. No data exchange
to other RUs is needed. Therefore the wagon movement is an RU (LRU) internal process.
The LRU itself is responsible for the data storage and updating of the wagon related
movement database. The events which must be stored are:
                        • Wagon ready to be pulled from customer sidings
                        • Wagon pulled from customer sidings
                        • Wagon arrived at RU’s yard
                        • Wagon has left the yard
                        • Any wagon exceptions
                        • Wagon arrived at destination yard
                        • Wagon placed on customer sidings
Co-operation model
For the reporting of the movement of a wagon, each RU involved must store the relevant
data and must make it electronically accessible. The data must be also exchanged within
message on contractual base to authorised parties.
Needed messages
Wagon Release notice
The Lead RU must tell the RU in charge that the wagon is ready for pull at the customer
sidings at the given release time. This event must be stored in the wagon movement
database.
 ---pagebreak--- Wagon Departure notice
The RU must inform the LRU of the actual Date and Time that the wagon has been
pulled from the place of departure. This event must be stored in the wagon movement
database.
Wagon Yard arrival
The RU must inform the LRU, that the wagon has arrived at its yard. This message can
be based on a “Train running advice”. This event must be stored in the wagon movement
database.
Wagon Yard departure
The RU must inform the LRU, that the wagon has left its yard. This message can be
based on a “Train running advice” message. This event must be stored in the wagon
movement database.
Wagon Exceptions message
The RU must inform the LRU about deviations e.g. bad order, including a new ETI /
ETA. This information must be stored in the wagon movement database.
Wagon Arrival notice
The last RU in a wagon or Intermodal unit transport chain must inform the LRU that the
wagon has arrived at its yard (RU location).
Wagon Delivery notice
The last RU in a wagon transport chain must inform the LRU that the wagon has been
placed at the consignee’s sidings.
     3.9.     Interchange Reporting
                    3.9.1. Description of the parameter
The Interchange reporting describes the messages attached to the transfer of
responsibility for a wagon between two Railway Undertakings, which occurs at
interchange points. It also commands the new RU to make an ETI calculation.
                    3.9.2. Characteristics to be respected
Open Access
Nothing has to be specified, as there is always the same responsible RU during the complete
transport chain. But from the Running Advice of the train at a reporting point, the wagon
or Intermodal unit related information regarding location and Date and Time of arrival
and departure must be processed and stored in the wagon movement database.
Co-operation mode
The following messages are needed to transfer the control and responsibility of a shipment
from one RU to another, the information of which must be stored in the wagon movement
database.
 ---pagebreak--- Wagon Interchange Notice
With the “Wagon Interchange Notice” a Railway Undertaking (RU 1) asks the next
Railway Undertaking (RU 2) in the transport chain whether it accepts the responsibility
for a wagon.
Wagon Interchange Notice / Subset
With the “wagon interchange notice / subset” the RU 1 informs the IM, that it is handling
over the responsibility to the next RU.
Wagon Received At Interchange
With the “Wagon Received At Interchange” message, the RU 2 informs RU 1 that it
accepts the responsibility for the wagon.
Wagon Refused At Interchange
With the “Wagon Refused At Interchange” message, the RU 2 informs RU 1 that it is not
willingly to take over the responsibility for the wagon.
      3.10. Data Exchange for Quality Improvement
                     3.10.1. Description of the parameter
A measurement process is an essential post trip process to support quality improvements.
In addition to measuring the service delivered to the customer, LRUs, RUs and IMs must
measure the quality of the service components that in total make up the product delivered
to the customer.
To measure quality the already defined messages can be used. The measurement process
is a repetitive one.
                     3.10.2. Characteristics to be respected
Quality measurements LRU / Customer
In contracts between Lead RUs and Customers commitments can be made (depending on
the individual agreement) regarding Transit time and ETA.
Quality measurements LRU / RUs
In contracts between a Lead RU and other RUs commitments can be made concerning
transit times, ETIs, ETAs and Reason Codes.
Quality measurements RU / IM
In contracts between RUs and IMs, train schedules and target on time levels at specified
timing points can be specified as can the accuracy of Train ETAs and ETHs.
Quality measurements RU / IM
In contracts between RUs and IMs path availability to run trains will be clearly described
in terms of a range of times at specified points. Train specifications in terms of maximum
length and gross weight, loading gauge etc., will also be covered in these contracts,
which aspect will be addressed under item number 6.
The procedures and time frames for confirming the utilisation of a path, cancelling the
use of a planned path and the extent to which a path can be used outside (early or late)
the specified range of times will also be covered in these contracts.
 ---pagebreak--- Quality measurements RU / IM, Path Availability on short notice
Periodically the RU will compare the path request and the response data for producing
reports as follows:
                • Path request response time against framework agreement;
                 • Number of paths supplied within x, y, and z hours etc., of requested
                    time;
                • Number of rejected path requests.
Quality measurements IM / RU, Train composition quality
When the train ready messages and / or train composition lists are sent by an RU to the
IM(s) (or to other RUs), they should comply with the train specifications contained
within the applicable contract.
     3.11. Various Reference Files
                    3.11.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter defines which additional references files must be available for the
operation of freight trains in the European network.
                    3.11.2. Characteristics to be respected
Reference files
List of reference files
                    •     Reference File of the numerical Coding for all IMs, RUs, and
                        Service provider companies
                    •     Reference File of the numerical Coding for Transport Customers
                    •     Reference File of the Numerical Coding of Locations (Primary,
                        subsidiary and zone-track-spot)
                    •     Reference File of the numerical Coding for customer locations
                    • Reference File of all existing train control systems
                    • Reference File of Hazardous goods, UN and RID numbers
                    • Reference File of all different locomotive types
                    • Reference File of all CN and HS codes for goods
                    • Reference File of the emergency services, correlated to type of
                        hazardous goods
                    • Reference File of all European maintenance workshops
                    • Reference File of all European audit bodies
                    • Reference File of all European accredited operators
Accessibility
The Reference files must be accessible to all Service Providers (IMs, RUs, Logistic
providers and Fleet managers).
Actuality
The data must represent the actual status at all times.
 ---pagebreak--- Other Databases
To allow for the tracking of train and wagon movements, the following temporary
databases, updated at each relevant event in real time, may be installed:
Wagon and Intermodal unit Movement Database
The communication between the Lead RU and RUs in the co-operation mode is based on
wagon and/or Intermodal unit numbers. Therefore an RU, which communicates with the
IMs at train level, must break down this information into wagon and Intermodal unit
related. This wagon and Intermodal unit related information may be stored in wagon and
Intermodal unit specific movement databases. The information on train movement leads
to new entries / updates in the wagon and Intermodal unit movement database for
customer information. This database is set up at the latest when receiving the release time
for the wagons or Intermodal unit from the customer. This release time is the first entry
into the Wagon and Intermodal unit movement database.
Train Data base
The Infrastructure Manager train database corresponds to the Railway Undertaking
wagon movement database. The main data entries are the train related data of the train
composition message from the RU. All train events result in an update of this train
related database. An alternative storage possibility for these data is the path database.
Wagon Trip Plan
Trains normally carry wagons from various Customers. For each wagon the Lead RU
establishes and updates a trip plan which corresponds to the train path at train level. New
train paths for a train - e.g. in case of service interruptions - lead to a re-trip for the
wagons of the various customers. The creation time for the trip plan is the receipt of the
consignment note from the customer.
      3.12. Electronic Transmission of Documents
                    3.12.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter considers the managing of electronic transmission of train and shipment
related documents where the current process needs physical documents e.g. customs
documents.
                    3.12.2. Characteristics to be respected
The next paragraph presents the communication network to be used for data exchange.
This network and the described security handling make it possible for any type of
network transmission, such as email, file transfer (ftp, http), etc. The type to choose can
then be decided upon by the parties involved in the information exchange, which means,
that the electronic transmission of documents, for example via ftp, is given.
 ---pagebreak---      3.13. Networking & Communication
                    3.13.1. Description of the parameter
This parameter describes the cost effective and timely networking and communication
requirements for all the basic parameter massages in this TSI.
                    3.13.2. Characteristics to be respected
General Architecture
The Network & Communication infrastructure supporting such rail interoperability
community will be based on a common Information Exchange Architecture, known
and adopted by all participating actors.
The Information Exchange Architecture:
                     is designed to reconcile heterogeneous information models by
                        semantically transforming the data that is exchanged between the
                        systems and by reconciling the business process and application-
                        level protocol differences;
                     has minimum impact on the existing IT architectures implemented
                        by every actor;
                     safeguards IT investments made already.
Scalability
The Information Exchange Architectures favours a mostly Peer-to-Peer type of
interaction between all actors, while it guarantees the overall integrity and consistency of
the rail interoperability community by providing a set of centralised services. A Peer-to-
Peer interaction model allows the best cost distribution between the different actors,
based on actual usage and will present, in general, lesser scalability problems.
Network
Networking in this case means the method and philosophy of communication and does
not include the physical network.
The rail interoperability community is based on usage of the public Internet network,
thus encouraging and lowering barriers for entry actors.
The security issue will therefore be addressed not by the network (VPN, tunnelling, ...),
but by exchanging and managing inherently secure messages. A VPN network is
therefore not required, thus avoiding problems with responsibilities and ownership
allocation. Tunnelling is not considered as a necessary means for achieving the
appropriate security level.
In any case if some actors already have or want to implement various degrees of security
on selected partitions of the network, they can do so.
Over the public Internet network it is possible to implement a hybrid Peer to Peer model
with a central repository and a common interface at each actors’ node.
The central repository is approached first to obtain meta-information, such as the identity
of the peer (actor) on which some information is stored, or to verify security credentials.
Afterwards, a Peer to Peer communication is performed between involved actors.
Protocols
Only protocols belonging to the full Internet Protocol suite must be used.
 ---pagebreak--- Security
To achieve a high level of security, all messages must be self contained, which means
that the information in the message is secured and the receiver can verify the authenticity
of the message. This may be solved by using an encryption and signing scheme similar to
email encryption. This makes it possible to use any type of network transmission, like
email, file transfer (ftp, http), etc. The actual type to choose can then be decided upon by
the parties involved in the information exchange.
Encryption
Either asymmetric encryption or a hybrid solution based on symmetric encryption with
public key protection must be used, due to the fact that sharing a common secret key
among many actors will fail at some point. A higher level of security is easier to achieve
if every actor takes responsibility for its own pair of keys, even though the demand for a
high level of integrity of a central repository (the key server) is required.
Central Repository
The Central Repository must be able to handle:
                     metadata – structured data describing the content of messages;
                    • Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) ;
                     Certification Authority (CA) ;
                     directory (“phonebook” ) – it contains all needed information
                         about the participating actors for exchanging messages.
The management of the central repository should be under the responsibility of a non-
commercial co-European organisation.
Common Interface
The Common Interface is mandatory for each actor in order to join the rail
interoperability community.
The Common Interface has to be able to handle:
                    - message formatting of outgoing messages according to the
                         metadata
                    - signing and encryption of outgoing messages
                    - addressing of the outgoing messages
                    - authenticity verification of the incoming messages
                    - decryption of incoming messages
                    - conformity checks of incoming messages according to metadata
Based on the results of authenticity verification of incoming messages, a minimum level
of message acknowledgement can be implemented:
                     i. positive send ACK
                    ii. negative send NACK.
The common interface uses the information in the central repository in order to manage
the above tasks.
An actor may implement a local “mirror” of the central repository to shorten response
times.