CELEX: 51975PC0619
Language: en
Date: 1975-12-08
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the filed of vision of motor-vehicle drivers (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (75) 619
Vol. 1975/0235
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                   ■ COM(75)619 final
                                     Brussels , 8 December 1975
                             Proposal for a
                            COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
                  on the approximation of the laws of > ■
                  the Member States relating to the filed
                  of vision of motor-vehicle drivers
              ( submitted to the Council by the Commission )
                Ν
  COM(75 ) 619 final
 ---pagebreak---                              EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Ii» General
      1 . The Chapter on the field of visxon al§o forms part of the proce­
          dure for the Community type approval of motor vehicles and of
                                                                                 1)
          their . trailers covered by the Council Directive of 6 February 1970
                            2)
     2 . On 5 August 1968      the Commission addressed to the Council a pro­
          posal on , inter alia , the field of vision . The Council felt that
          it was inappropriate to examine these requirements before the adop­
          tion of the Directive on type approval since this Directive insti­
          tuted the administrative procedure for the various directives of a
          technical nature . In the meantime , other international organiza­
          tions have begun work on harmonization in this field . The field
          of vision is one of the characteristics which influence the overall
       .. design, of a vehicle .  It is therefore desirable that the harmoniza­
          tion of the technical .requirements shpuld extend in , scope beyond
          the frontiers of the European Communities , so that Community motor
          manufacturers are not - obliged to substantially modify vehicles in­
          tended for sale in non-member countries . ' • The Commission therefore
        r felt that it was justified - that the- Council should not begin 'to
          examine its proposal until the international work on the subject
          had reached a certain stage of fruition . After difficult and
          laborious discussions , tangible results have now been achieved in
          the form of a draft regulation relating to the field of vision
          which could satisfy the construction requirements for both "Euro­
          pean " and "American" types of vehicle at the same time .
  ( 1 ) OJ No L 42., 23 February 1970
  (2 ) OJ No C, 125 * 28 November 1968 .
 ---pagebreak---             These results have been, submitted- to,, the; Commission's group of
            experts on "Motor vehicles " which has delivered -a positive opinion.
            However , some experts expressed hesitation with regard,; to the *nuin-
            ber of degrees laid down for the angles of binocular obstruction
            ( itèm          in' Axinèx' I ).
        v The initial redrafting' of the pi-oposal for a directive- of July 1968
            was so extensive that the Commission felt it worthwhile to put
1           forward a new proposal for a directive .                        *
II , Comment s , on the proposal- for a directive •                   '
       Its scope is restricted to motor vehicles falling within category
       ( private inotor vehicles ) , intended for use on the road , having at
       least four wheels' and a maximum design speed in excess of 25 km/h
       ( Article *1 ) ,
 : . Article 2 ' incorporates' the requirements relating - tb the-field of vi­
  llusion ., in:, the < EEC type approval procedure . " • '       ■ -    ■
       Sines , at the . moment some new Member States do not operate their own
 - , type approval, procedure it is . necessary to lay down provisions enabling
       vehicles complying with the requirements of the. Directive , ( Article 3 )
  ..   ( 1 ) to be used in those Member States#                 ,         ^
       Where the prototype has been modified , the Member State which has
       carried out type approval must be able to assess whether new tests
       should be carried out ( Articlo k ).
       Article 5 lays down the procedure for . adapting the requireseats set
       out in the annexes to technic&l progress . This procedure is set out
       in Article 13 of the Council Directive of 6 February 1970 on the type
       approv&l of motor vehicles and of their trailers ,
     <–––     Ι··Ι I I I                            ..      . -   -"· »         ·/
( 1 ) OJ No L 73 of 27 March 1972 "Documents 2 concferhin£ the accession '• t© the
       European Communities of the Kingdom of Denmark , Ireland , the United
       Kingdcn. and Northern Ireland'5 .
       Act eoncarning the conditions ®f accession and the adjustments to the
       Treaties - Annex I , Title X »
 ---pagebreak---                                     3
    Article 6 provides for two deadlines    before expiry of the first
    deadline the Member States shall adopt and publish the measures
    necessary in order to comply with the Directive .   The second dead­
    line determines the date on which all of the Member States must si­
    multaneously implement the common rules ( Article 6 , ( l )).
    Finally , the Commission must be informed , within reasonable time , -
    of any draft provision drawn up by the Member States in the field
    covered by the Directive , since such information will enable the
  , Commission to prepare any comments on the draft considered necessary
    ( Article 6 , ( 2 )).
CONSULTATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COMMITTEE
The opinion of both these bodies is required as laid down in . the provi­
sions of Article 100 , ( 2 ).
 ---pagebreak--- THE COUNCIL OP THE EUROPEiffl, COIMUNITIES ,.         .                ..... 4 „ ;.v
                                           •vi : .•         5, "    v .r,< v -* *»   • & >./*.
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic . Community ,
and in particular Article 100 thereof ;             /                     ..
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;'             . ' . >■           ~
Having regard, to . the Opinion of the European Parliament;'                                 ■
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social - Committee ; '-•£ 'i' -/
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy
ito„-aqeordancfi. vdih national      relate , inter .©lia, "to. the field . of.. vision ',i
of the driver - thsreoff                                                                  .-   '
Whereas these requirements differ from one ilember State to another ; whereas
it is therefore necessary that all Ilember States adopt the same requirement s ,"
either in addition to or in place of their existing roles ^ in order
to allow the SEC type-approval procedure , which T*as the subject
of Council Direct ive So 70/156/EEC (l ) of 6 February 1970 on the approximation
of laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles
and their trailers , to be applied in respect of each Ntype of vehicle ;
Whereas it is appropriate to r.&ke tiee of              certain technical requirements
adopted by the UN Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No ...
( iftiiform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the
field of vision of motor vehicle drivers ) ( 2) which is annexed to the
Agreement of 20 March 1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of
approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment
and parts ;
U ) OJ No L 42 , 23.2.1970 , p . 1 .
( 2) EEC document from Génova •••
 ---pagebreak--- T'Thereas these requirements apply to motor vehicles of category
 (the international classification of motor vehicles is given in the
above mentioned Council Directive 7Q/156/EEC of 6 February 1970);
Iliereas the approxiwation of national laws relating to motor vehicles
entails the reciprocal recognition bjr Member States of the testB carried out
by each of them on toe basis of oonmoss requirements $ whereas in order to
I-TOTIZ properly ,. each a . system involves the application of these /,
requirements by all                Member States with effect from the same date , .
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE :
         * Ί
                                        Article  1
For the purposes of this Directive , "vehicle " means any motor vehicle of
class        (defined in Annex I of Counoil Directive Ho 70/156/BSC of <5 ' February
1970) designed for use on the roadt having at least four wheels and a maximum
design speed exceeding 25 kra/h.
                                        Article  2
No Ilember State may refuse to grant EEC type-approval or national, type-
approval of a vehicle on grounds rrliting to the drivers field of view if
it satifies the requirements laid down in Annexes I , II and III .
 ---pagebreak---                                       Article   3
No Eember State may refuse -the registrar ! eta or may prohibit th« Gale , entry into
 service or use of any vehicle on grounds relating to the driver 's field
of view if it satisfies the requirements laid down in Annexes I. II and III .
                                      Article • 4
The Member State which has granted type-approval shall take the necessary
measures to ensure that it is informed of any modification of a part or
characteristic 'referred to in item 2.2 . of Annex I i     The competent authorities
of ihat State shall determine whether fresh 'tests' should be carried out on
the modified vehicle' type arid a fresh report drawn up .     Where such 'tests
reveal a failure1 to comply with the requirements of this directive, the
modification shall not be approved.
                                      Article   5
 Eia amendments neoassary to adapt tha provisions of Annexes I, II,
III and IV to take account of technical- progress shall be adopted in
accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Council Directive
IT© 70/155/EEC of 6 February 1970*
                                      Article   6
 1 . licraber States aVall adopt and publish by 1 June 1977 the provisions
     necessary to comply with this - Directive and shall forthwith inform the
     Commission thereof.    They shall implement these provisions with effect from
     1 January 1S7& *
 2 . After notifieztioa of this Directive, jSIsniber States shall- take - steps to
     inform the Conrcission, in suffioiant time for it to naJca comments , of
     any draft laws * regulations or admiai&tr&tive provisions whioh they
     intend .to. adopt in the field . covered ty this Directive#
                                      Article   7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States .
 ---pagebreak---                                   List of Annexes
'jrnsx 1 :     Scope , definitions , application . for . SEC type-approval ,
               EEC–type-approval , required specifications , test procedure (*)•
Annex II :     Procedure for determining the "E" point' and the real seat-back
               angle and for verifying their relationship to the R point and
               the design seat-back angle (*).
Annex III : Ilethod for determining the dimensional relationships between
               the vehicle 's primary reference marks and the three-dimensional
               reference grid (*).
Annex IV :     Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate with regard to
               the driver 's field of vision .
        The technical requirements of this annex are
       basically similar to that of UN Economic. Commission
        for Europe Regulation N° ...... , in particular the
        sub-divisions of the sect-ions are the same . ■ Khere '
      ■ an item of Regulation ..... has no corresponding
        item in this - Annex , the number is- shown in brackets
        for the record .
 ---pagebreak---                                       ANNEX  I
                 SCOPS, DEFINITIONS , APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL ,
              EEC TYPE-APPROVAL , REQUIRED SPECIFICATIONS , TEST PROCEDURE
 1.       SCOPE
 1.1 .    This Directive applies to the 180° forward field of viex of the
          drivers of vehicles of category K^'.
  1.1.1 . It is designed to ensure an adequate field of view when the
          windscreen and other glazed surfaces are dry and clean .
  1.2 .   The requirements of this Directive are so worded as to apply . to
          vehicles of category 11^ in which the driver . is on the left .
          In vehicles of category      in which the . driver is on the right
          these requirements shall be applied by inverting the criteria
          where appropriate .
  2.      DEFINITIONS
          For the purpose of this Directive :
( 2.1 .)                                                              .       -
  2.2 .   " Vehicle type " with regard to the field of view means, a category
          of motor vehicles which does "not differ in such essential respects as :
  2.2*1 . such external and internal forms' and arrangements within the area
          specified in item 1 as may affect visibility;      and
  2»2.2. the shape and geometrical characteristics of the windscreen and its
          mounting;
 ---pagebreak---                                           ~ 3 -
2.3 .      " three-dimensional reference grid" means a reference system which
           consists of a vertical longitudinal plane X–Z , a horizontal plane
           X–Y and a vertical transverse plane Y–Z ( see Annex III Appendix ,
           figure 5);   the grid is used to determine the dimensional relationship
           between the position of design points on drawings and their position
           on the actual vehicle .    The procedure for situating the vehicle
           relatively to the grid is specified in Annex III , all coordinates
           referred to ground zero shall be based on a vehicle with its driver
           and one front–seat passenger , the driver and the passenger each
           weighing 75 kg.;
2.4 .      " primary reference marks " means holes , surfaces , marks gnd
           identification signs . on the vehicle body .  The type of reference
           mark used and the position of each mark relative to the X , Y and Z
         . coordinates of the three-dimensional reference grid and to a design
           ground plane shall be specified by the manufacturer ,     These marks
           may be the control points used for body-assembly purposes ;
      *
2.5 *      " seat-back angle " means the inclination of the seat–back in relation
           to the vertical ;
2.6 .      " ac+ual seat-back ajigle " means the angle formed by the vertical
           through the "H" point with the torso referenoe line of the human
           body represented by the manikin described in item 2 of Annex II .
    . *
2.7.       " design seat-back angle" means the angle prescribed by the
           manufacturer which :
2.7.1 .    determines the seat–back angle for the lowest and most reai^-ward      '
           normal driving position or position of use given fcr each seat by
           the vehicle manufacturer ;
2.7.2 .    is formed at the " R" point by the vertical and torso reference line ;
(*)     See Annex II .
 ---pagebreak---                                                4 -
  2 . 7.3 . ' corresponds theoretically to . the. actual ao^t–back/. angle ; * .
  2.8 .     : "V points" means points whose position in the passenger compartment
              is determined as' a function of vertical longitudinal planes passing
              through the centres of the outermost designated seating positions
          -    on the front seat and in relation to the It point and the design
              angle1 of the seat-back , which points are used for verifying
    ' ' '     compliance with the 'field–of–view requirements ;
                             . ν.   '            » ·  ·»'
     ,  . *
  2.9 «       "R point or seating reference point " is the reference point
              specified "by the manufacturer which has coordinates determined
              in relation to the vehicle structure and -corresponds to the                   '
              Uaecretical position of the point of torso/thighs rotation
               (H point ) for the lowest and most real*-ward normal driving position
              or position of use given to each seating position provided "by the
              vehicle manufacturer}
          *
  2.10        "ft point " is the intersection of a longitudinal vertical plane
              and the theoretical axis of rotation between the thighs and the * "
              torso of a human body represented by the manikin: described in
              Annex II .   It indicates the position of a seated occupant in the
              passenger compartment }        ■ '
  2.11 . " "windscreen datum points" means points situated at the' intersection
              with the windscreen of lines radiating forward from the V points
              to the outer surface of the windscreen }- .V.          - <•
  2.12.       "transparent area" meansthat area of a vehicle windscreen or other
              glazed surface whose light transmittance measured at right; angles to
              the surface , is not less than TO per cent }
  2.13.       W P points" means the points about which the driver 's head rotates
              when he views objects on a horizontal plane at eye level }
s
                                                                                 . -• '• • •
  2.14 *      "E points" means points representing the centres of the driver 's
              eyes and used to assess the extent to which A pillars obscure the
              field of view;
  *
       See Annex II .
 ---pagebreak---                                            -5 -
2.15.     " A pill-r" means any roof support forward of the verticla transversal
          plane located 68 nun in front of the V points and includes non-
          transparent items , such as windscreen mouldings and door frames ,- r
          attached or contiguous to such a support ;
2.16 .    "Horizontal seat-adjustment range" means the range designated by
        ' the manufacturer for the adjustment of the driver 's seat in the-
          direction of the X axis ( see item 2.3 . above )}
2.17.     " extenfeflsBafc-ad.iustment range " means the range designated by the
          manufacturer for the adjustment of the seat in the direction of the
          X axis ( see item 2.3 .) beyond the range of normal driving positions
          specified in 2.15 . and used for converting seats into beds or
          facilitating entry into the vehicle .                               :
3.        APPLICATION FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1.      The application for EEC type-approval of a vehicle type tvith
          regard to the driver 's field of view shall be submitted by the
          vehicle manufacturer or by his authorised representative .
3.2 .     It shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate ,
          and by the following particulars ;
3.2.1 ., a description of the vehicles with- regard to the items mentioned
          in item 2.1 * above , together with dimensional drawings and either
          a photograph or an exploded view of the passenger compartment .
          The numbers and/or symbols identifying the vehicle type shall be
          specified;     and
3.2.2.    particulars of the primary reference marks in sufficient detail to
          enable them to be readily identified and the position of each in
          relation to the others and to the R point to be verified .
3.3 .     A vehicle represent at ive of the vehicle type' to be approved , as
          referred to* in item 5 shall "be ^submitted to the technical service
          conducting approval tests .          '
                                                                                 •/.
 ---pagebreak--- ' 4* \           . EEC TYP&-APPROVAL . ?                                       ; r .».» *•
 (4.2.)
                                                         ■ '« ^          i    ,¿ ■ i . i -,.¿4 V-  0 ' />*T » ■'** ,y;! '           ■ *
  4.3 .              A^cert ifiCat.Q conforming; to the model . shown in Annex IV shp.ll be
                     attached to the: EEQ type-approval .certificate . ■                                                           .•
 (4.4.) r (4.4.1.)                 (4.4.2.)                           - - V - -   J
   x * • 4V '      •           "      ^
                                                                                                                              ïA •
 (4«5»)                                     "»
                           '  ' '7 \                '
 (4.6.)
 (4.7.)
                                                                                                           • U:    • .- . - r
 (4.8 .)
  5.                 REQUIRED-- SPECIFICATIONS
           •         Driver 1 s- field.of view        4 • ...
  5.1.1 .           The transparent area of the windscreen must include at least the
             .      windscreen datum point sf these are s-
  5.1.1.1 . ' a horizontal datum point forward of V^' and 1J°- to the left
                       ( see Annex III , Appendix figure l);
  5.1 . 1.2.           an upper vertical datum point forward of V, and 7° above the
               )                                                                                • ».•            .       '
                       horizontal :
  5.1.1.3* a lower vertical datum point forward of Vg and 5° below the
                       horizontal ;              .           •      . 't
                               A             -■ ' .            .. ,                                             '       ' V..' V
  5.1,1,4. to verify compliance with the forward–view requirement on the
          - . . opposite half; of the windscreen ,, three additional datum points .
                       symmetrical to the points defined in itenf 5»1A»1 « ■-& <*■ 5. 1.1.3.
                       above in relation to the median, .-longitudinal . plane- of the vehicle
                       are obtained.
 ---pagebreak---                                            - 7 -
5.1.2.    The angle of binocular obstruction of each A pillar shall not exceed
          6° at the level of the pivotal points               and Pg of the head (see
          Annex III , Appendix figure 2).                      '
5.1.2.1 .   The angle of binocular obstruction is measured in a horizontal
            plane between tangents connecting :
5.1. 2.1.1.-E^ to the rear-ward side and Eg to the forward side of the left
              A pillar ; .. and
5.1.2.1.2.-E^ to the forward side and E^ to the rear^ward side of the right
              A pillar .
5.1.3 .   There shall be no binocular obstructions , other than those created
          by A pillar and/or vent window division bars , rear-view mirrors and
          windscreen wipers in the driver 's 180° forward direct field of view
          below a horizontal plane through              and above three planes through
          Vg one being perpendicular . to the plane X–Z and declining forward
          4° below the horizon and the other two being perpemttctilar to the
          plane Y–Z and - declining 4° below the horizon (see Annex III , Appendix
          figure 3). However , rear view mirrors may not be mounted within
          the field of vision defined above " if , when they are located in a
          different position , the requirements of Directive 7l/l27/EEC . (*)
          relating to rear view mirrors are no longer met .                 •
5. 2.     Position of the V points         ■ • -       • ;  .
5.2.1 .   The positions of the V points in relation to the R point , as indicated
          by xyz coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid , are
          as shown by Tables I and IV .
5.2.1.1 .   Table I indicates the basic coordinates for a design seat-beack
            angle of 25° •      The positive direction for the coordinates is
            indicated' in Annex III , Appendix , Figure I.
                           ••                                             4
                                          TABLE      I
                  V
                                     χ           . y             ζ
                point
                  V1                 68 mm         - 5 πτιη      66 5 mm
                              |      68 mm j - 5 mm j 589 mm |
{*) 0J N° L 68 , p. 1 of 22 îlarch 1971
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        8 -
5.3 . '      Positions of the F t)oint3                                                             :     „.:. -                    v
5.3.1 .      The positions of the P points in relation to the R point , as
             indicated "by the xyz coordinates from the three-dimensional
•'           reference' grid , are as' shown by Tables - IF, III andlVY'                                                                 •
                                                                                                           •   -, '  ~L  i
5.3.1.1 .       Table II indicates the basio coordinates for a design seat-back
' • i '-' '   • angl^-of' 2'5'°"i ' The positive direction for the coordinates is
                indicated in Annex HI , Appendix , figure 1 .^ i                                                                 -
            - •            ..     ,                   TABLE         II            -                                        -- *        .
        Λ             * Λ··:, ν . · ·          - ·.· . » '·~   · -     \     χ' .·'···
                •     . Ρ
                 . point . -
                                  . .·ν
                                        j
                                                  χ
                                                                         y L
                                                                                            ■' | z
                                                                                             . i    !
                r Mpj- r ■ |;.'- rr'-35 tiufi ;                   "* - 20 mm
                                                                   "       '   1               \
                                                                                                 • c 27 mm :
                                                                                                  '
                  -..■ P2--.rV |              . ,63 mm                 ■ 47 mm - j .5.27,- mm
                                                                                               |
5*3.1.2 .       Table III indicates the further corrections to be made to the
                coordinates of P^ and P^ when the horizontal seat-adjustment
                range as defined in item 2.16 . exceeds 108 mm .                                                             The positive
                direction for the coordinates is indicated in XAJohex- III ,
     .. u .     Appendix , figure 5 « ■;                      .                                                          /            ■
                                                      TABLE III
                   HORIZONTAL SEAT-ADJUSTIOTT RANGE                                                                  X i
                     " 108 – 120 mm                                                                   - 13 mm
                        121 - 132 mm                                                      "           - 22 mm
                        133 - 145 mm                                                                  - 32 mm
                        146 - 158 mm                                                                  - 42 mm
                        more than 158 mm                                                              - 48 mm
                      . ,. 4*· ... /Α*-   · *,» .       . ·  . ·     :   ·             *■*■* ν          "    -      ' *·    ···' ■,
                                                                                                                                           •/.
 ---pagebreak---                                            «   (ï J?
, 5.4 .     Correction for .design seat-back angles other than 2p°
            Table IV indicates the further corrections to be made to the x and.
            z coordinates of each P point and each V point when the design
            seat-back angle is not 25° .          The positive direction for the
           coordinates is indicates in Annex III , Appendix , figure 1 .
                                          T.ÏBLB iv 1                          •
          I Seat-back !'Horizontal         •[ Vertical            !
                                                             ; i; Seat–backI     Horizontal i    Vertical
          [ angle           Co­-ordinate s Co-or dmates] ji angle                     Co-            Co-       j
                                                            1 i(in ° )     j
                          I
          } ( in ° )             x
                                           i       ζ                             ordinates       ordxnates
          t               |
                          1
                                                            ii                        x        j      z
           r  p         1
                                                            i i
                                                                                                               1
                                                                                               l
                   5            185 mm           28 mm                            -17 mm      1     5 mm      j
                   6            176 mm           27 mm      îi|24                 - 9 mm            2   mm
                   7            167 mm           27 mm          IL 25               0   mm          0   mm    |
                   8            157 mm           26 mm     ii i 26       .          9  mm        - 3    mm     ;
                   9            147 mm           26 mm      i: . 11 27             17  mm        - 5    mm    f
                  10            137 mm           25 mm       !      28             26   mm       - 8    mm    )
                  11      I
                                128 mm           24 mm     I .j 29                 34   mm       -11    mm
                  12            118 mm           23 mm     ! ; ]| 30               43   mm       -14    mm    t
                                                             1 ,
                  13            109 mm           22 mm
                                                             : 1
                                                                    31             51 mm         -17    mm    f
                  14             99 mm           21 mm       : I
                                                                    32 .           59 mm      j  - 21 mm      !
                  15             90 mm     1     20 mm     I i i33                 67   mm    j  - 24 mm      i
                  16             81 mm       !   18 mm     | 134                   76   mm       - 28 mm      S
                  17             71 mm  ■    |   17 mm'    I ; 35                  84   mm       -31 mm       I
                  18             62 mm           15 mm       I
                                                                    36             92   mm       -35 mm       j
                  19      t
                                 53 mm           13 mm       1      37       I    100   mm       -39 mm       t
                  20             44 mm       !   11 mm     j        38       ! 107      mra      –43 mm       |
                          1
                  21      l      35 mm            9 mm       i ! i
                                                             i i    39       I    115 mm      j  -47 mm       f
                  22             26 mm     I      7 mm       I·     40       I 123      mm  •    -52
                                                              i! '
  5.5 *    Positions of the E points
  5.5.1 »       and Eg are each 104 mm from P^,
           Eg is 65 mm from E, (see Annex III , Appendix, figure 4).
                                                                                                           ./
 ---pagebreak---                                                           ^ 10 -
     . 5. 5-2. HheA-ihe . joining.                                                .: EjjH£t.il it is' normal
                         with the vehicle centre-line f provided that :
        5.5 . 2.1 . in such position a tangent from E^ to the rearward edge of the
                             left A pillar forms an angle of 120° with the line 3, – Eol or
                           . that
        5.5.2.2 .            where the angle so included is more than 120° , rotation of the
                             line E^ -       a^out      shall be continued until the resultant
                             included angle equals 120° ( See annex III , Appendix , figure 2).
! «'v 5»-5«'3 .                      .aye each 104 mm from P^* -'-E^ -is ^ rran ,-froift. E. .
              '* r        ( See Ahnex III . Appendix , figure 4 ).
        5.5.4. The' line joining 3^ and E^ is rotated' about                            until it forms an
Jr             :"v wangle of- 12-0^ .with the . tangent . from E^    '4 -.-t o ,t-he rearward < edge of the
            5            ■right A pillar (see Annex III , Appendix , figure 2).
                       1 TEST PROCEDUÎÏE
   . -îb.l .             Driver * s field of view
       »  ν        I,                   [/ '        ■ '        '                ■
      ~6.1.1 « ■ The , dimensional relationship between the vehicle 's primary reference
                         marks and the three dimensional reference grid shall be determined
          1           - from the procedure prescribed, in . Annex III .                        -
        6 . 1 , 2i £ The position of the points               and     are determined £n relation to
    ; - .              ~the^R point as indicated by XKZ.^cooydins^tjss .from the three-dimensional
                          reference grid and are shown in Tables I at item 5*2.1.1 . and IV at
                          item 5*4 . The windscreen datura^ppints .shall- then be, found from the
                          correctly located V points as prescribed in item
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 11 -
 6.1.3 .  The relationship between the P points , the R point , and the
          centre line of the driver * s seating position , as indicated by xyz
          coordinates from the three-dimensional reference grid , shall be
          determined from Tables II and III in item 5*3 .      The correction for
          design seat-back angles other than 25° is shown in Table IV at
          item 5.4-. •   '  '        ' -T                            : -r \
 6.1.4 .  The angle of binocular obscuration as pa«s3ribed in item 5.1.2 .
          shall be measured in the horizontal plane as indicated in
          Annex III , Appendix , figure 2 .    The relationship between     and
          Pg which are connected to E^ and         and     and E^ respectively is
          shown in Annex III , Appendix , figure 2 .
 6.1.4.1 . The line joining       and ^ shall be set at 120° to the tangent
             from the outer edge of the left .'A pillar which passed throurh
             the angle of binocular obscuration is then measured between the
             tangential line connecting Uj to the outer edge of the left A
             pillar and the tangential line connecting           the inner edge
             of the loft A pillar .
  6.1.4.2. The line joining E^ and 3^ shall be set at 120° to the tangent
              from the outer edge of the right A pillar which passes through
             E^ ; the angle of binocular obscuration is then measured between
             the tangential line connecting E^ to the outer edge of the right
              A pillar and the tangential line connecting E^ to the inner edge
             of the right A pillar .
(7 .)
( 8 .)
( 9 .)
( 10.)
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                  1
                                                                                 M
                                            - 12 -                                l
                                          ANNEX  II
                 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE "H" POINT AND THE ACTUAL •
                 SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND FOR VERIFYING THSIR RELATIONSHIP TO
                            THE, " R" POINT AND THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK
                              • '          ANGLE
1.          DEFINITIONS
1.1 .       "H point " j see item 1.1 . of Annex IV to Directive N° 70/ 60/ EEC (*).
1.2 .       "B poini!' or- " seating reference point " : see item 1.2 . of Annex IV"
            to Directive N° 74/60/EEC .
1.3 .       " Seat-back ati^le" means the inclination of the seat-back      in relation
         -  to the . vertical .                      •    .
1.4 . : ■ ' !' Actual seat-back angle" means the angle formed by the vertical : •
            though the "H" point with the -torso reference line of the human
        .• body represented by the manikin described in item 3 .
1.5 .     . " Design seat-back angle" means the angle prescribed by the manufacturer
            which :
1.5.1 .     determines the seat-back angle for the lowest and most rearward
            normal driving position or position of use given to each seat by the
            vehicle manufacturer !
1.5*2 .     is formed at the "R" point by the vertical and the torso reference
            line ;
1.5.3 .     corresponds theoretically to the actual seat-back angle .
2.          DETERITINATI ON OF "H" POINTS AND ACTUAL SKIT–BACK ANGLES :
            'See Item 2 of Annex IV to Directive N° 74A>o/ EEC .
3           DESCRIPTION 0F THE KANIKIN s
               See Item 3 of Annex IV to Direotive 74//,5 o/EEC.                        ■/.
(*) O.J. N° L 38 , p. 2 of II February 1974 .
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 13 -
 4.         SETTING UP OP THE MANIKIN :                               • -
              See Item 4 of . Annex IV to Directive 74/6o/eEC .
 5.         RESULTS
 5.1 .      When the manikin has been set up as described in Item 4 » "the "H"
            - oir. fc and the actual seat-back an.'le of the vehicle seat considered
            are constituted by the "H" point and the angle of inclination of
            the manikin 's torso reference line .
 5.2.       The coordinates of the "H" point in relation to three mutually
            perpendicular planes , and the actual seat-back angle , shall be
        ' . measured for comparison with the data supplied by the vehicle
            manufacturer.
 6.         VERIFYING THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OP THE "R" AND "H" POINTS AND THE
            RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DESIGN SEAT-BACK ANGLE AND THE ACTUAL
            SEAT-BACK ANGLE
6.1 .       The results of the measurements carried out in conformity with
            item 5* 2 . for the "H" point and the actual seat–back angle shall be
            compared with the coordinates of the " R" point and the design
            seat–back angle as supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
66.2.
  . 2.      The relative positions of the "R" point and the "H" point and the
            relationship between the design seat-back angle and the actual real
            seat–back angle shall be considered to be satisfactoiy for the so?,t
            in question if the "H" point , as defined by its coordinates , lies
            within a longitudinal rectangle whose horizontal and vertical sides
            are 30 mm and 20 mm long respectively , and whose diagonals intersect
            at the "R" point , and if the actual seat–back angle is within 3° of
            the design seat–back angle .
 6.2.1 .    If these conditions are met , the "R" point and the design seat-back
            angle shall be used for the test and , if necessary, the manikin shall
            be so adjusted that the "H" point coincides with the "R" point and
            the actual seat-bafck angle coincides with the design seat-back angle .
 ---pagebreak---                                     ..-7. M. -
6.3 «    If the "H" point or the actual 1 seat-back angle does not satisfy
         the requirements of item 6.2. above , the "H" point or the actual
         seat–back angle shall be determined twice more (three times in
         all ). If the results of two of these three operations satisfy the
         requirements , the results of the test shall be considered to be
         satisfactory.
6.4 *    If at least two of the three results do not satisfy the ro -      rr.t
         of item 6.2., the result of the test shall be considered to JO iicfc
         satisfactory .
6.5
6. 5«.   If the situation described in item 6.4 . above arises , or if
         verification cannot be effected because the manufacturer has
         failed to supply information regarding the position of the " R"
         point or regarding the design seat-back angle , the average of the
         results of the three determinations, may be used and be regarded
         as applicable in all cases where the " R" point or the design
         seat-back angle is referred to in this Directive .    .......
6.6.     For verifying the relative positions of the "R" point and the "H"
         point and the relationship between the design seat-baok angle and
         the actual seat-baok angle in a serially-produced vehicle the
         rectangle referred to in item 6,2# above shall be replaced by a
       ' square ' of 50 mm side and the actual seat-back angle shall not
         differ by more than + 5° from the design seat–back angle .
 ---pagebreak---                              -'-.15-
                             ANNEX III
METHOD FOR LETERIIINING THE DIMENSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN THE VEHICLE 'S PRIMARY REFERENCE KAEKS AND THE
           THRE3-D IMEM 31 ONAL REFERENCE GRID
RELATIONSHIP BET'-HEN REFERENCE GRID AND VEHICLE PRIf?:lRY REFERENCE
J'Aitf 3
To verify specific dimensions on or within a vehicle submitted, for
approval in accordance with this Directive , the relationship
between the coordinates of the throe-dimensional reference grid ,
defined in item 2.3 . of Annex I , which has been laid out at the
initial vehicle-design       stage , and the positions of the primary-
reference marks defined in item 2.3 * of Annex I , must be established
accurately so that specific joints on the manufacturer 's drawings
can be identified on an actual vehicle produced from those drawings .
METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP OF REFERENCE GRID TO REFERENCE
MARKS
To enable this to be done , it is necessary to construct a ground
reference plane which is marked with theX-X measurement and the
Y–Y measurement .     One method of achieving this is set out in
figure 6 of the appendix to this annex , the reference plane being
a firmp f]at , level surface upon which the vehicle stands , and
which has two steel tapes firmly fixed to its surface .       The tapec
to be graduated in 'millimetres , the X~X tape to be not less th<_n
8 metres ,- long , the Y-Y tape to be not less than 4 metres long.
The two tapes are to . be set at right angles to each other as
shown in figure 6 of the appendix to this annex.        The intersection
of these tapes to be ground zero .
 ---pagebreak--- 7ERIFICATI CN OP ACCURACY ,
To prove - that the reference plane or test area is leve.3, it will
"be necessary to < establish -the deviations from ground zero along
both .the    and the y tapes at .intervals of 250 v !nm and .to record
the readings obtained so that corrections can be made when
checking the vehicle .
ACTUAL TEST ATTITUDE
In order to provide for minor changes in suspension height ,
etc ., it will be necessary to have available a means of bringing
the primary reference marks to the correct coordinate positions
relative to the design attitude before further measurements are
taken.    In addition , it must be possible to make minor lateral
and/or iongitudinal adjustments of the vehicle * s position so as
to place it accurately in relation to the reference grid.
RESULTS
The vehicle haying been oorrectly placed relatively , to the reference
grid and in its design attitude , the^site^of the necessary points
for studying the forward vesibility requirements can be readily
determined.              ,• ,
                ..                        ■*
Test methods to determine these requirements may include the use
of - theodolites , light sources or shadow devices , or any other
method which, can be shown, to give equivalent results .
 ---pagebreak---                                                Figure 1
                                        DETERMINATION OP " V" POINTS
                                                             \
                                                                         68 mm
                                                                     Β .  5 mm
*) Symmetrical ?.*i  <-* : v e vehicle:
                                                                     r _ 589 mm
*.  Trace of the vertical plane passing through B
• 1 Irace of the vertical place passing through 7. and V_                665mm
 ---pagebreak---                               Fi.-ure 2 FILIAR 03SCu5ATT0I7
                                  •   «      . M «« « J     »     . II
                                                                                                       lí
                                                                                                       CN S
                    ULagraa shoving layout of P points and E points                                     a a
                    far viewing the left-hand and right-hand pillars
                               -
                                                                                                       to M
                                                                                                          M
                                                                                                          a
                               t                                                                          *
                                                                                                          2
                        Front of car                                                                      ïL
                                                                                                          Η·
                                                                                                          Η
Ci^CTP.-.TIX                                              AIÏSIL;          \
    KC-E                                                                     /         ,/                      '
                                                                         4         s>7                       s
                                                         //                                                   '
             IKA^I             „              /               HORIZONTAL        / \Jl£
                                  <      /                                    /–^=Ρ                          ί
             El \                                                    TU2IE IN Vl-ZCH      // //
                 \                  /   E4                           PI LIAR SECTION ■
                   V– x          /                                    IS KSASUEED
                P»     I       < P*
                                                                                                Η ΡΟΠ.Γ    '
 ---pagebreak---                 - 19               Annex III - Appendix
                                   page 3
Ficurr* 3 EVALUATION OP BT1IOCUL/ R OBSCURATIONS
 ---pagebreak---                                                        Fleure 4
                             DliEESlOiitJ) DiÅuaiK SEOV.TNG EELATIVE POSITIONS
                                           OF E POINTS ÅltD P POHTT
                                                     sA
                                                    * / x
                                                                          x<
                                              / XX                            *     '
                                         x/                        X
                                                                   \<                           s
                                                                  ^ ^SS ^Ss x \    X \
                                                                                      X.      fl >
                                                                                      Nv p    •g
                                                                                          7   -M
              ■ '                                                              . .      •   -    I
                                                                                                 >
                                                .                                               s
                                            ~   -                                                φ
' V. .. - -  ' -- -■■■-■ '      «· -    -·        -· ^          .                                5
            -v  -          -                  '      V  . .                 *                    P-
 ---pagebreak---              Figure 5
ΤΗΓΞΕ–ΒΙ2£ϊΤ5 ΙΟΙΙΑΙ* ΚΞΓΕΞΖϋΟΖ Γ-~τη
                                      VLiMICAL LONGirLTIKAL FIAIS
     +Ζ
 ---pagebreak---                                 Pir^re 6   IEVEL VOHE SFACE
  k LLIIE DKAVN 01: THL                                         a lute drkwit oi: the
  GHOUKD WHICH KIKSEKIS THc;                                    GROUiiD WHICH ESFKESEIITS
  FRONT YGEEL £                                                 THE VEELCIE        C
                            Tr.1V. -  KEFEREliCE K--FX
                 -          >■             "HE GP'UirD                   /
      /                                 ^                              y
                               y                  X*3 / -
 /                       «2 X
/                        ^                             X                             ^
                          ;        .                          X         ^                  &
                 /                                      –       Λ
                                                                  /■ / & .«              ; .-. ·
                                                            -           y           . V e ":
      PLACE T^, V^irTF. Ç FA*-'
      E1I0UGH OUI i – .
      TO IEAVE VOHKIW WVW .
                                   LiK.
                                                                 <– '* y""              ––
                                                                                               /' y
                                                               /_ y /f                         --
                                                                       PLACE r:i;             ytiZEL
   ETSEL TAPES POSITIONED 90° TO EACH                                  TkR E::cv:-H HE^.R CF :"is
OTHER AiTD FASTENED SECUEELY TO TEE CSCUED                             STEEL TAPE TO LEAVE
                                                                       V'OfuZG .": ROOK
 ---pagebreak---                                   MNEX   IV
                   (tlaximum format :      A 4 (210 x 297 mm) )     SÂMPLE
                                                          Naine of
                                                      a.dministration
                   ANNEX TO THE SEC VEHICLE TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
                          WITH REGARD TO THE DRIVER 'S FIELD VISION
       (Article 4 ( 2) and. Article 10 of the Council Directive N° 70/l 55/iS"'
        on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
        to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers )
Type-Approval N'   ....
1.  Trade name or mark of the vehicle         .
2.  Vehicle type                                                    ,
3*  Manufacturer 's name and address
4.  Where applicable , name and address of manufacturer ^ authorised
    representative
5.  Brief description of the vehicle
6.  Identification data for R point of Driver 's designated seating '
    position in relation to position of primary reference marks
(.  Identification , sites and. relative positions of primary reference
    mark
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 24 . -
                                                v 1 <y »
                                                                            Annex IV
    8.     Vehicle submitted for type-approval on             .      ..
    9.     Technical service conducting type-approval tests . ...
   10.     Date of report issued by that service
   11 .    Number of report issued by that service
   12 .    "type-approval in respect to the driver 's field of vision ia
             grant ed/refused *
   13 .    Place
   14 *    Date
   15 .    Signature                       «
   1*.     The following documents , bearing the type–approval number shown above ,
           are annexed to this communication t
                       •                              '     dimensioned drawings
                       •••••••*•••••••••••«•••«             exploded view of photograph(s)
                                                            of the passenger compartment
;                                                       • •                          ., >  t
tí                      o                    • • •              '  -
!l
    *     Strike out what does not apply.
        /