CELEX: 52003PC0783
Language: es
Date: 2003-12-15
Title: Propuesta de Decisión del Consejo relativa a la firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario

Avis juridique important

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52003PC0783

Propuesta de Decisión del Consejo relativa a la firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario  /* COM/2003/0783 final */  

Propuesta de DECISIÓN DEL CONSEJO Relativa a la firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario(presentada por la Comisión)EXPOSICIÓN DE MOTIVOS1. La inmensa mayoría de los valores de los mercados financieros se mantienen en forma de anotaciones electrónicas en cuentas de valores, con sistemas de custodia, depósito o liquidación, que dan lugar a derechos de propiedad directos o indirectos sobre la entrega o transferencia de los valores en cuestión. Ello ha dado lugar a ciertas dificultades en la aplicación del tradicional principio de conflicto legislativo, según el cual los aspectos relativos a la propiedad en las disposiciones correspondientes se rigen por la legislación del lugar en el que está situada la propiedad en cuestión en el momento de que se trate (la lex situs o lex rei sitae), puesto que, en el caso de anotaciones electrónicas, es difícil determinar dónde están situados los valores en cuestión. Ello genera incertidumbre con respecto a la legislación que los garantes y beneficiarios deben cumplir en la creación de intereses en la garantía y en su perfección. Las dificultades se agravan sobre todo cuando los valores están en manos de una cadena de intermediarios de distintos países.Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores2. Para encontrar una fórmula uniforme a nivel internacional para reducir las incertidumbres jurídicas antes mencionadas en situaciones transfronterizas, la Conferencia de La Haya, organización intergubernamental de ámbito internacional que trabaja en pro de la progresiva unificación de las normas del Derecho internacional privado, empezó en mayo 2000 a elaborar un futuro convenio sobre la legislación aplicable a los derechos de propiedad de valores indirectamente mantenidos. En otoño de 2000, la Conferencia de La Haya constituyó un grupo de trabajo con expertos de los Estados miembros de la Conferencia y de asociaciones especializadas en ese campo, en colaboración con otras organizaciones internacionales, en especial UNCITRAL y UNIDROIT. El grupo de trabajo se reunió en enero de 2001 y en enero de 2002. La Comisión Europea participó en el grupo de trabajo en calidad de observador y, en su fase final, negoció el Convenio en nombre de la Comunidad (véase el apartado 14),3. El texto final del Convenio de La Haya sobre "la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario", en adelante denominado Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores, se acordó el 13 de diciembre de 2002, al término de la 19ª sesión diplomática de la Conferencia de La Haya. Todos los Estados miembros de la UE y 7 países candidatos a la adhesión rubricaron el acta final, certificando que el texto del Convenio era efectivamente el resultante de las negociaciones. Todos los 53 Estados miembros de la Conferencia de La Haya firmaron el acta final, incluidos los EE.UU., Japón, Australia, Brasil, Argentina y la Federación Rusa. Dado que la Comisión no era miembro de la Conferencia de La Haya, no firmó el acta final.4. El Convenio de La Haya es un Tratado multilateral. La fórmula legal subyacente se basa en la elección de la legislación del intermediario y de su cliente, lo cual es una variante del principio PRIMA ("place of the relevant intermediary approach"). El Convenio declara que la legislación aplicable es la que se menciona en el acuerdo de la cuenta con el intermediario de que se trate, apoyada en una llamada "prueba de verdad" para asegurarse de que el intermediario realmente negocia valores en esa jurisdicción, aunque no necesariamente en relación con la cuenta en cuestión.Motivos para la aplicación del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores5. Al firmar el acta final el 13 de diciembre de 2002, los Estados miembros de la UE declaraban su apoyo al planteamiento adoptado por el Convenio e, implícitamente, que estaban también dispuestos a aceptar, en caso necesario, la adaptación de la legislación de la UE. Esta posición se confirmó unánimemente en la reunión del COREPER del 11 de diciembre de 2002.6. Varias Directivas vigentes de la UE contienen también disposiciones que deben emplearse para determinar la legislación aplicable que rige una cuenta de valores. La fórmula utilizada en estas directivas de la UE es que la cuenta se rige por la legislación del país en el que esté situada la cuenta. Existe pues un conflicto entre el planteamiento del Convenio y la legislación vigente en la UE.7. Según el artículo 18 del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores, una organización regional de integración económica constituida por Estados soberanos y que tenga competencia sobre ciertas materias reguladas por el Convenio puede igualmente (en tanto que formada por Estados miembros de la Conferencia de La Haya y otros Estados contratantes) firmar, aceptar, aprobar o adherirse al Convenio. La organización regional de integración económica tendrá, en tal caso, los mismos derechos y obligaciones que un Estado contratante, en la medida en que dicha organización tenga competencia sobre materias reguladas en el Convenio. La Unión Europea debe ser considerada una organización regional de integración económica en el sentido del artículo 18 del Convenio de La Haya sobre valores.8. La Comisión considera que la aplicación del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores, contribuirá en gran medida a fomentar la libre circulación de capitales en el mercado interior y a escala internacional al eliminar las incertidumbres relativas a la legislación aplicable, permitiendo así un comercio más amplio de valores entre Estados miembros y en los mercados internacionales de capitales.9. Las negociaciones en La Haya para el nuevo Convenio y las negociaciones en Bruselas para una propuesta de Directiva sobre garantías (2002/47/EC) se desarrollaron casi siempre en paralelo, las primeras marcando el camino de las segundas, tal como puede comprobarse en la declaración conjunta del Consejo y la Comisión en las actas del Consejo de 5 de marzo de 2002, en el que se adoptó la posición común de la Directiva sobre garantías.10. Dado que la Directiva sobre garantías es una de las medidas previstas en el Plan de acción en materia de servicios financieros (PASF) [1], la aplicación del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores puede también considerarse como una medida para cumplir los objetivos del PASF y, por consiguiente, puede también considerarse que su conclusión (firma y ratificación) está sujeta al mismo calendario.[1]  COM (1999) 232 final de 11 de mayo de 1999.11. En las reuniones celebradas con los Estados miembros el 19 de mayo de 2003 y el 8 de julio de 2003, sobre la aplicación del Convenio de La Haya, se expresó un llamamiento unánime para una rápida rúbrica y subsiguiente ratificación del Convenio.12. También el G-30 ha urgido la ratificación del convenio de La Haya ("Compensación y liquidación a escala mundial - Plan de acción", Grupo de los treinta, presentado el 23 de enero de 2003). En concreto, su Recomendación nº 15, cuando hace referencia al conflicto de leyes indica que: "Los supervisores y los legisladores financieros deberían asegurarse de que el Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario, adoptado el 13 de diciembre de 2002, es firmado y ratificado por sus naciones respectivas tan pronto como sea razonablemente posible. El Convenio de La Haya, una vez ratificado por todas las naciones pertinentes, asegurará una respuesta clara y cierta a la cuestión que se plantea en un entorno internacional sobre la legislación en virtud de la cual se determina si un beneficiario de una garantía ha recibido un interés perfeccionado en los valores de la garantía".13. La firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores significará pues una importante llamada de atención política a todas las partes afectadas y, en especial, al sector de los servicios financieros. La rúbrica por la Comunidad y sus Estados miembros, y también del máximo numero posible de los principales terceros países, miembros de la Conferencia de La Haya, como los EE.UU., garantizará el éxito del acuerdo.Cuestiones de procedimiento14. La Comisión recibió la autorización para negociar en la Conferencia de La Haya mediante decisión del Consejo de 28 de noviembre de 2002.15. Tras la firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores, la Comisión presentará propuestas para modificar las directivas necesarias, como la Directiva sobre firmeza de la liquidación y la de garantías, al mismo tiempo que una propuesta de Decisión del Consejo, que requiere la aprobación del Parlamento Europeo, para ratificar o adherirse al Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores. En una situación favorable, la adhesión/ratificación del Convenio de La Haya sobre los valores puede tener lugar a finales de 2004 o principios de 2005.Cuestiones prácticas16. Se pide al Consejo que autorice a su Presidente a designar la persona o personas autorizadas para firmar, en nombre de la Comunidad, el Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario.Propuesta17. Habida cuenta de lo dicho anteriormente, la Comisión propone al Consejo la adopción del proyecto de decisión adjunto.Propuesta de DECISIÓN DEL CONSEJO Relativa a la firma del Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario(Texto pertinente a los fines del EEE)EL CONSEJO DE LA UNION EUROPEA,Visto el Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea y, en particular, el apartado 2 de su artículo 47 y su artículo 95, en relación con la primera frase del primer párrafo del apartado 2 del artículo 300,Vista la propuesta de la Comisión [2],[2]  DO C [...] de [...], p.[...]Considerando lo siguiente:(1) El Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario, adoptado el 13 de diciembre de 2002, es un tratado multilateral internacional destinado a eliminar, a escala mundial, incertidumbres jurídicas en las operaciones transfronterizas de valores(2) La Comisión negoció el citado Convenio en nombre de la Comunidad(3) Las organizaciones regionales de integración económica constituidas por Estados soberanos y que tengan competencia sobre ciertas materias reguladas por el Convenio pueden firmarlo, aceptarlo, aprobarlo o adherirse a él(4) Tras la adopción de una serie de directivas de la Comunidad que contienen disposiciones que deben emplearse para determinar la legislación aplicable que rige una cuenta de valores, los Estados miembros han transferido a la Comunidad competencias relativas a determinados aspectos contemplados por ese Convenio(5) Así pues, según el Convenio, la Comunidad Europea puede considerarse una organización regional de integración económica(6) La Comunidad, así como los mercados financieros internacionales, se beneficiarán de la supresión en todo el mundo de las incertidumbres jurídicas relacionadas con la legislación aplicable a las operaciones transfronterizas de valores Por este motivo, el Convenio debe ser firmado en nombre de la Comunidad.DECIDE:Artículo únicoA reserva de su celebración en una fecha posterior, se autoriza al Presidente del Consejo a designar la persona (o personas) facultada(s) para firmar, en nombre de la Comunidad, el Convenio de La Haya sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario, de conformidad con el apartado 1 del artículo 18 de dicho Convenio.El texto del Convenio se adjunta como anexo 1 a la presente Decisión.En el momento de la firma, se efectuará la declaración de competencias que figura en el anexo II, de conformidad con el apartado 2 del artículo 18 del Convenio.Hecho en Bruselas, [... ]Por el ConsejoEl Presidente[...]ANNEX I  HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN RIGHTS IN RESPECT OF SECURITIES HELD WITH INTERMEDIARYThe States signatory to the present Convention,Aware of the urgent practical need in a large and growing global financial market to provide legal certainty and predictability as to the law applicable to securities that are now commonly held through clearing and settlement systems or other intermediaries,Conscious of the importance of reducing legal risk, systemic risk and associated costs in relation to cross-border transactions involving securities held with an intermediary so as to facilitate the international flow of capital and access to capital markets,Desiring to establish common provisions on the law applicable to securities held with an intermediary beneficial to States at all levels of economic development,Recognising that the "Place of the Relevant Intermediary Approach" (or PRIMA) as determined by account agreements with intermediaries provides the necessary legal certainty and predictability,Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect, and have agreed upon the following provisions -CHAPTER I - DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATIONArticle 1 Definitions and interpretation1. In this Convention -a) "securities" means any shares, bonds or other financial instruments or financial assets (other than cash), or any interest therein;b) "securities account" means an account maintained by an intermediary to which securities may be credited or debited;c) "intermediary" means a person that in the course of a business or other regular activity maintains securities accounts for others or both for others and for its own account and is acting in that capacity;d) "account holder" means a person in whose name an intermediary maintains a securities account;e) "account agreement" means, in relation to a securities account, the agreement with the relevant intermediary governing that securities account;f) "securities held with an intermediary" means the rights of an account holder resulting from a credit of securities to a securities account;g) "relevant intermediary" means the intermediary that maintains the securities account for the account holder;h) "disposition" means any transfer of title whether outright or by way of security and any grant of a security interest, whether possessory or non-possessory;i) "perfection" means completion of any steps necessary to render a disposition effective against persons who are not parties to that disposition;j) "office" means, in relation to an intermediary, a place of business at which any of the activities of the intermediary are carried on, excluding a place of business which is intended to be merely temporary and a place of business of any person other than the intermediary;k) "insolvency proceeding" means a collective judicial or administrative proceeding, including an interim proceeding, in which the assets and affairs of the debtor are subject to control or supervision by a court or other competent authority for the purpose of reorganisation or liquidation;l) "insolvency administrator" means a person authorised to administer a reorganisation or liquidation, including one authorised on an interim basis, and includes a debtor in possession if permitted by the applicable insolvency law;m) "Multi-unit State" means a State within which two or more territorial units of that State, or both the State and one or more of its territorial units, have their own rules of law in respect of any of the issues specified in Article 2(1);n) "writing" and "written" mean a record of information (including information communicated by teletransmission) which is in tangible or other form and is capable of being reproduced in tangible form on a subsequent occasion.2. References in this Convention to a disposition of securities held with an intermediary include -a) a disposition of a securities account;b) a disposition in favour of the account holder's intermediary;c) a lien by operation of law in favour of the account holder's intermediary in respect of any claim arising in connection with the maintenance and operation of a securities account.3. A person shall not be considered an intermediary for the purposes of this Convention merely because -a) it acts as registrar or transfer agent for an issuer of securities; orb) it records in its own books details of securities credited to securities accounts maintained by an intermediary in the names of other persons for whom it acts as manager or agent or otherwise in a purely administrative capacity.4. Subject to paragraph (5), a person shall be regarded as an intermediary for the purposes of this Convention in relation to securities which are credited to securities accounts which it maintains in the capacity of a central securities depository or which are otherwise transferable by book entry across securities accounts which it maintains.5. In relation to securities which are credited to securities accounts maintained by a person in the capacity of operator of a system for the holding and transfer of such securities on records of the issuer or other records which constitute the primary record of entitlement to them as against the issuer, the Contracting State under whose law those securities are constituted may, at any time, make a declaration that the person which operates that system shall not be an intermediary for the purposes of this Convention.Article 2 Scope of the Convention and of the applicable law1. This Convention determines the law applicable to the following issues in respect of securities held with an intermediary -a) the legal nature and effects against the intermediary and third parties of the rights resulting from a credit of securities to a securities account;b) the legal nature and effects against the intermediary and third parties of a disposition of securities held with an intermediary;c) the requirements, if any, for perfection of a disposition of securities held with an intermediary;d) whether a person's interest in securities held with an intermediary extinguishes or has priority over another person's interest;e) the duties, if any, of an intermediary to a person other than the account holder who asserts in competition with the account holder or another person an interest in securities held with that intermediary;f) the requirements, if any, for the realisation of an interest in securities held with an intermediary;g) whether a disposition of securities held with an intermediary extends to entitlements to dividends, income, or other distributions, or to redemption, sale or other proceeds.2. This Convention determines the law applicable to the issues specified in paragraph (1) in relation to a disposition of or an interest in securities held with an intermediary even if the rights resulting from the credit of those securities to a securities account are determined in accordance with paragraph (1)(a) to be contractual in nature.3. Subject to paragraph (2), this Convention does not determine the law applicable to -a) the rights and duties arising from the credit of securities to a securities account to the extent that such rights or duties are purely contractual or otherwise purely personal;b) the contractual or other personal rights and duties of parties to a disposition of securities held with an intermediary; orc) the rights and duties of an issuer of securities or of an issuer's registrar or transfer agent, whether in relation to the holder of the securities or any other person.Article 3 InternationalityThis Convention applies in all cases involving a choice between the laws of different States.CHAPTER II -APPLICABLE LAWArticle 4 Primary rule1. The law applicable to all the issues specified in Article 2(1) is the law in force in the State expressly agreed in the account agreement as the State whose law governs the account agreement or, if the account agreement expressly provides that another law is applicable to all such issues, that other law. The law designated in accordance with this provision applies only if the relevant intermediary has, at the time of the agreement, an office in that State, which -a) alone or together with other offices of the relevant intermediary or with other persons acting for the relevant intermediary in that or another State -i) effects or monitors entries to securities accounts;ii) administers payments or corporate actions relating to securities held with the intermediary; oriii) is otherwise engaged in a business or other regular activity of maintaining securities accounts; orb) is identified by an account number, bank code, or other specific means of identification as maintaining securities accounts in that State.2. For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), an office is not engaged in a business or other regular activity of maintaining securities accounts -a) merely because it is a place where the technology supporting the bookkeeping or data processing for securities accounts is located;b) merely because it is a place where call centres for communication with account holders are located or operated;c) merely because it is a place where the mailing relating to securities accounts is organised or files or archives are located; ord) if it engages solely in representational functions or administrative functions, other than those related to the opening or maintenance of securities accounts, and does not have authority to make any binding decision to enter into any account agreement.3. In relation to a disposition by an account holder of securities held with a particular intermediary in favour of that intermediary, whether or not that intermediary maintains a securities account on its own records for which it is the account holder, for the purposes of this Convention -a) that intermediary is the relevant intermediary;b) the account agreement between the account holder and that intermediary is the relevant account agreement;c) the securities account for the purposes of Article 5(2) and (3) is the securities account to which the securities are credited immediately before the disposition.Article 5 Fall-back rules1. If the applicable law is not determined under Article 4, but it is expressly and unambiguously stated in a written account agreement that the relevant intermediary entered into the account agreement through a particular office, the law applicable to all the issues specified in Article 2(1) is the law in force in the State, or the territorial unit of a Multi-unit State, in which that office was then located, provided that such office then satisfied the condition specified in the second sentence of Article 4(1). In determining whether an account agreement expressly and unambiguously states that the relevant intermediary entered into the account agreement through a particular office, none of the following shall be considered -a) a provision that notices or other documents shall or may be served on the relevant intermediary at that office;b) a provision that legal proceedings shall or may be instituted against the relevant intermediary in a particular State or in a particular territorial unit of a Multi-unit State;c) a provision that any statement or other document shall or may be provided by the relevant intermediary from that office;d) a provision that any service shall or may be provided by the relevant intermediary from that office;e) a provision that any operation or function shall or may be carried on or performed by the relevant intermediary at that office.2. If the applicable law is not determined under paragraph (1), that law is the law in force in the State, or the territorial unit of a Multi-unit State, under whose law the relevant intermediary is incorporated or otherwise organised at the time the written account agreement is entered into or, if there is no such agreement, at the time the securities account was opened; if, however, the relevant intermediary is incorporated or otherwise organised under the law of a Multi-unit State and not that of one of its territorial units, the applicable law is the law in force in the territorial unit of that Multi-unit State in which the relevant intermediary has its place of business, or, if the relevant intermediary has more than one place of business, its principal place of business, at the time the written account agreement is entered into or, if there is no such agreement, at the time the securities account was opened.3. If the applicable law is not determined under either paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), that law is the law in force in the State, or the territorial unit of a Multi-unit State, in which the relevant intermediary has its place of business, or, if the relevant intermediary has more than one place of business, its principal place of business, at the time the written account agreement is entered into or, if there is no such agreement, at the time the securities account was opened.Article 6 Factors to be disregardedIn determining the applicable law in accordance with this Convention, no account shall be taken of the following factors -a) the place where the issuer of the securities is incorporated or otherwise organised or has its statutory seat or registered office, central administration or place or principal place of business;b) the places where certificates representing or evidencing securities are located;c) the place where a register of holders of securities maintained by or on behalf of the issuer of the securities is located; ord) the place where any intermediary other than the relevant intermediary is located.Article 7 Protection of rights on change of the applicable law1. This Article applies if an account agreement is amended so as to change the applicable law under this Convention.2. In this Article -a) "the new law" means the law applicable under this Convention after the change;b) "the old law" means the law applicable under this Convention before the change.3. Subject to paragraph (4), the new law governs all the issues specified in Article 2(1).4. Except with respect to a person who has consented to a change of law, the old law continues to govern -a) the existence of an interest in securities held with an intermediary arising before the change of law and the perfection of a disposition of those securities made before the change of law;b) with respect to an interest in securities held with an intermediary arising before the change of law -i) the legal nature and effects of such an interest against the relevant intermediary and any party to a disposition of those securities made before the change of law;ii) the legal nature and effects of such an interest against a person who after the change of law attaches the securities;iii) the determination of all the issues specified in Article 2(1) with respect to an insolvency administrator in an insolvency proceeding opened after the change of law;c) priority as between parties whose interests arose before the change of law.5. Paragraph (4)(c) does not preclude the application of the new law to the priority of an interest that arose under the old law but is perfected under the new law.Article 8 Insolvency1. Notwithstanding the opening of an insolvency proceeding, the law applicable under this Convention governs all the issues specified in Article 2(1) with respect to any event that has occurred before the opening of that insolvency proceeding.2. Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any substantive or procedural insolvency rules, including any rules relating to -a) the ranking of categories of claim or the avoidance of a disposition as a preference or a transfer in fraud of creditors; orb) the enforcement of rights after the opening of an insolvency proceeding.CHAPTER III - GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 9 General applicability of the ConventionThis Convention applies whether or not the applicable law is that of a Contracting State.Article 10 Exclusion of choice of law rules (renvoi)In this Convention, the term "law" means the law in force in a State other than its choice of law rules.Article 11 Public policy and internationally mandatory rules1. The application of the law determined under this Convention may be refused only if the effects of its application would be manifestly contrary to the public policy of the forum.2. This Convention does not prevent the application of those provisions of the law of the forum which, irrespective of rules of conflict of laws, must be applied even to international situations.3. This Article does not permit the application of provisions of the law of the forum imposing requirements with respect to perfection or relating to priorities between competing interests, unless the law of the forum is the applicable law under this Convention.Article 12 Determination of the applicable law for Multi-unit States1. If the account holder and the relevant intermediary have agreed on the law of a specified territorial unit of a Multi-unit State -a) the references to "State" in the first sentence of Article 4(1) are to that territorial unit;b) the references to "that State" in the second sentence of Article 4(1) are to the Multi-unit State itself.2. In applying this Convention -a) the law in force in a territorial unit of a Multi-unit State includes both the law of that unit and, to the extent applicable in that unit, the law of the Multi-unit State itself;b) if the law in force in a territorial unit of a Multi-unit State designates the law of another territorial unit of that State to govern perfection by public filing, recording or registration, the law of that other territorial unit governs that issue.3. A Multi-unit State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration that if, under Article 5, the applicable law is that of the Multi-unit State or one of its territorial units, the internal choice of law rules in force in that Multi-unit State shall determine whether the substantive rules of law of that Multi-unit State or of a particular territorial unit of that Multi-unit State shall apply. A Multi-unit State that makes such a declaration shall communicate information concerning the content of those internal choice of law rules to the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.4. A Multi-unit State may, at any time, make a declaration that if, under Article 4, the applicable law is that of one of its territorial units, the law of that territorial unit applies only if the relevant intermediary has an office within that territorial unit which satisfies the condition specified in the second sentence of Article 4(1). Such a declaration shall have no effect on dispositions made before that declaration becomes effective.Article 13 Uniform interpretationIn the interpretation of this Convention, regard shall be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application.Article 14 Review of practical operation of the ConventionThe Secretary General of the Hague Conference on Private International Law shall at regular intervals convene a Special Commission to review the practical operation of this Convention and to consider whether any amendments to this Convention are desirable.CHAPTER IV - TRANSITION PROVISIONSArticle 15 Priority between pre-Convention and post-Convention interestsIn a Contracting State, the law applicable under this Convention determines whether a person's interest in securities held with an intermediary acquired after this Convention entered into force for that State extinguishes or has priority over another person's interest acquired before this Convention entered into force for that State.Article 16 Pre-Convention account agreements and securities accounts1. References in this Convention to an account agreement include an account agreement entered into before this Convention entered into force in accordance with Article 19(1). References in this Convention to a securities account include a securities account opened before this Convention entered into force in accordance with Article 19(1).2. Unless an account agreement contains an express reference to this Convention, the courts of a Contracting State shall apply paragraphs (3) and (4) in applying Article 4(1) with respect to account agreements entered into before the entry into force of this Convention for that State in accordance with Article 19. A Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration that its courts shall not apply those paragraphs with respect to account agreements entered into after the entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 19(1) but before the entry into force of this Convention for that State in accordance with Article 19(2). If the Contracting State is a Multi-unit State, it may make such a declaration with respect to any of its territorial units.3. Any express terms of an account agreement which would have the effect, under the rules of the State whose law governs that agreement, that the law in force in a particular State, or a territorial unit of a particular Multi-unit State, applies to any of the issues specified in Article 2(1), shall have the effect that such law governs all the issues specified in Article 2(1), provided that the relevant intermediary had, at the time the agreement was entered into, an office in that State which satisfied the condition specified in the second sentence of Article 4(1). A Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration that its courts shall not apply this paragraph with respect to an account agreement described in this paragraph in which the parties have expressly agreed that the securities account is maintained in a different State. If the Contracting State is a Multi-unit State, it may make such a declaration with respect to any of its territorial units.4. If the parties to an account agreement, other than an agreement to which paragraph (3) applies, have agreed that the securities account is maintained in a particular State, or a territorial unit of a particular Multi-unit State, the law in force in that State or territorial unit is the law applicable to all the issues specified in Article 2(1), provided that the relevant intermediary had, at the time the agreement was entered into, an office in that State which satisfied the condition specified in the second sentence of Article 4(1). Such an agreement may be express or implied from the terms of the contract considered as a whole or from the surrounding circumstances.CHAPTER V - FINAL CLAUSESArticle 17 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession1. This Convention shall be open for signature by all States.2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.3. Any State which does not sign this Convention may accede to it at any time.4. The instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Depositary of this Convention.Article 18 Regional Economic Integration Organisations1. A Regional Economic Integration Organisation which is constituted by sovereign States and has competence over certain matters governed by this Convention may similarly sign, accept, approve or accede to this Convention. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall in that case have the rights and obligations of a Contracting State, to the extent that that Organisation has competence over matters governed by this Convention. Where the number of Contracting States is relevant in this Convention, the Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall not count as a Contracting State in addition to its Member States which are Contracting States.2. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall, at the time of signature, acceptance, approval or accession, notify the Depositary in writing specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that Organisation by its Member States. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall promptly notify the Depositary in writing of any changes to the distribution of competence specified in the notice in accordance with this paragraph and any new transfer of competence.3. Any reference to a "Contracting State" or "Contracting States" in this Convention applies equally to a Regional Economic Integration Organisation where the context so requires.Article 19 Entry into force1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession referred to in Article 17.2. Thereafter this Convention shall enter into force -a) for each State or Regional Economic Integration Organisation referred to in Article 18 subsequently ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to it, on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;b) for a territorial unit to which this Convention has been extended in accordance with Article 20(1), on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the notification of the declaration referred to in that Article.Article 20 Multi-unit States1. A Multi-unit State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them.2. Any such declaration shall state expressly the territorial units to which this Convention applies.3. If a State makes no declaration under paragraph (1), this Convention extends to all territorial units of that State.Article 21 ReservationsNo reservation to this Convention shall be permitted.Article 22 DeclarationsFor the purposes of Articles 1(5), 12(3) and (4), 16(2) and (3) and 20 -a) any declaration shall be notified in writing to the Depositary;b) any Contracting State may modify a declaration by submitting a new declaration at any time;c) any Contracting State may withdraw a declaration at any time;d) any declaration made at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall take effect simultaneously with the entry into force of this Convention for the State concerned; any declaration made at a subsequent time and any new declaration shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the date on which the Depositary made the notification in accordance with Article 24;e) a withdrawal of a declaration shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date on which the Depositary made the notification in accordance with Article 24.Article 23 Denunciation1. A Contracting State may denounce this Convention by a notification in writing to the Depositary. The denunciation may be limited to certain territorial units of a Multi-unit State to which this Convention applies.2. The denunciation shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the date on which the notification is received by the Depositary. Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is specified in the notification, the denunciation shall take effect upon the expiration of such longer period after the date on which the notification is received by the Depositary.Article 24 Notifications by the DepositaryThe Depositary shall notify the Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, and other States and Regional Economic Integration Organisations which have signed, ratified, accepted, approved or acceded in accordance with Articles 17 and 18, of the following -a) the signatures and ratifications, acceptances, approvals and accessions referred to in Articles 17 and 18;b) the date on which this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 19;c) the declarations and withdrawals of declarations referred to in Article 22;d) the notifications referred to in Article 18(2);e) the denunciations referred to in Article 23.In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.Done at The Hague, on the ...... day of ............ 20..., in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic channels, to each of the Member States of the Hague Conference on Private International Law as of the date of its Nineteenth Session and to each State which participated in that Session.ANEXO IIDeclaración sobre la competencia de la Comunidad Europea con respecto a las cuestiones regidas por el Convenio de La Haya de 13 de diciembre de 2002 sobre la legislación aplicable a ciertos derechos sobre valores depositados en un intermediario1. El apartado 1 del artículo 18 del Convenio de La Haya establece que una organización regional de integración económica constituida por Estados soberanos y que tenga competencia sobre ciertas materias reguladas por el Convenio puede adherirse al mismo.2. Los actuales Estados miembros de la Comunidad Europea son el Reino de Bélgica, el Reino de Dinamarca, la República Federal de Alemania, la República Helénica, el Reino de España, la República Francesa, Irlanda, la República Italiana, el Gran Ducado de Luxemburgo, el Reino de los Países Bajos, la República de Austria, la República Portuguesa, la República de Finlandia, el Reino de Suecia y el Reino de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte. El 1 de mayo de 2004 serán también Estados miembros de la Comunidad Europea la República de Chipre, la República Checa, la República de Estonia, la República de Hungría, la República de Letonia, la República de Lituania, la República de Malta, la República de Polonia, la República Eslovaca y la República de Eslovenia.3. La presente Declaración no es aplicable a los territorios de los Estados miembros en los que el Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea no se aplica y se entiende sin perjuicio de los actos o posiciones que puedan adoptar al amparo del Convenio los Estados miembros de que se trate en nombre de dichos territorios y en su interés.4. La Comunidad Europea tiene competencia en virtud del Tratado CE para adoptar medidas de carácter general y específico para acrecentar la uniformidad de las normas relativas a la legislación aplicable en sus Estados miembros en diversos ámbitos. Con respecto a los aspectos contemplados en el Convenio, la Comunidad ha ejercido ya esa competencia mediante la adopción de directivas de la Comunidad Europea como las Directivas sobre firmeza de la liquidación [3] y sobre garantías [4], que contienen disposiciones para determinar la legislación aplicable que por consiguiente, en este ámbito, corresponde a la Comunidad asumir compromisos externos con terceros Estados o las oportunas organizaciones.[3]  "Directiva 98/26/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 19 de mayo de 1998, sobre la firmeza de la liquidación en los sistemas de pagos y de liquidación de valores", DO L 166 de 11.6.1998, p. 4.[4]  "Directiva 2002/47/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 6 de junio de 2002, sobre acuerdos de garantía financiera", DO L 168 de 27.6.2002, p. 435. El ejercicio de las competencias que los Estados miembros han transferido a la Comunidad de conformidad con el Tratado CE está sujeto, por su propia naturaleza, a una evolución constante. En el marco del Tratado, las instituciones competentes pueden adoptar decisiones que determinen el alcance de las competencias de la Comunidad Europea.Por ello, la Comunidad Europea se reserva el derecho de modificar la presente declaración cuando sea necesario, sin que ello suponga una condición para el ejercicio de sus competencias en relación con las cuestiones regidas por el Convenio de La Haya