CELEX: 51987PC0303
Language: en
Date: 1987-07-02
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING DIRECTIVE 70/220/EEC ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST AIR POLLUTION BY GASES FROM THE ENGINES OF MOTOR VEHICLES

28. 9. 87                             Official Journal of the European Communities                            No C 257/1
                                                             II
                                                     (Preparatory Acts)
                                                COMMISSION
             Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 70/220/EEC on the approximation of
             the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases
                                             from the engines of motor vehicles
                                                    COM(87) 303 final
                                (Submitted by the Commission to the Council on 7 July 1987)
                                                       (87/C 257/01)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,                         Whereas Directive 70/220/EEC (3) lays down the limit
                                                                 values for carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon
                                                                 emissions from such engines; whereas these limit values
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European            were first reduced by Directive 74/290/EEC (5) and sup-
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100A               plemented, in accordance with Directive 77/102/
thereof,                                                         EEC(5), by limit values for permissible emissions of
                                                                 nitrogen oxides; whereas the limit values for these three
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,               pollutants were successively reduced by Directives
                                                                 78/665/EEC (6) and 83/351/EEC(7);
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia-
ment (*),                                                        Whereas the work undertaken by the Commission in
                                                                 connection with its policy of pursuing a comprehensive
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and                 approach to the development of rules for the motor
Social Committee (2),                                            vehicle industry has shown that the European industry
                                                                 already has available, or is currently perfecting, engine
                                                                 technology which will allow a further reduction in limit
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the               values; whereas, during the period under consideration,
aim of progressively establishing the internal market            such a reduction will not jeopardize the aims of Com-
over a period expiring on 31 December 1992; whereas              munity policy in other fields, and in particular in that
the internal market shall comprise an area without               of the rational use of energy;
internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods,
persons, services and capital in ensured;
                                                                 Whereas the Community has a duty to implement
                                                                 Directives on the protection of the environment which,
Whereas the first programme of action of the European            as far as vehicle emissions are concerned, make it poss-
Communities on the protection of the environment,                ible to obtain values adapted to European conditions
approved by the Council on 22 November 1973, called              so that their effect on the environment is equivalent to
for account to be taken of the latest scientific advances        that of the standards for vehicle emissions in force in
in combating atmospheric pollution caused by gases               the United States; whereas this is also necessary for
emitted from motor vehicles and for Directives adopted           reasons of innovation and industrial competitiveness;
previously to be amended accordingly; whereas the                whereas, to achieve this objective, it is advisable to
third programme of action provides for additional                provide for a solution which varies according to the
efforts to be made to reduce considerably the present
level of emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles;
                                                                 (3) OJNoL76, i>. 4. 1970, p. 1.
                                                                 (4) OJ No L 159, 15. 6. 1974, p. 61.
                                                                 (5) OJNoL32, •1.2. 1977, p. 32.
(') OJ No C 12, 14. 1. 1985, p. 65.                              (6) OJ No L 223, 14. 8. 1978, p. 48.
(2) OJ No C 25, 28. 1. 1985, p. 46.                              (7) OJ No L 197, 20. 7. 1983, p. 1.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/2                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                    28. 9. 87
category of vehicle engine capacity so as to allow, as                                     Article 2
far as possible, compliance with Community require-
ments at a reasonable cost and using different technical      1.     From 1 January 1988, no Member State may, on
means; whereas the limit values laid down for vehicles        grounds relating to air pollution by gases from an
with an engine capacity of less than 1,4 litres reflect the   engine or to engine fuel requirements:
current technical and economic conditions of European
manufacturers in this section of the market; whereas          — refuse to grant EEC type-approval, or to issue the
the limit values applicable in 1992/93 should be fixed             document provided for in the last indent of Article
in 1987;                                                           10 (1) of Directive 70/156/EEC, or to grant national
                                                                   type-approval for a type of motor vehicle, or
Whereas the limit values in this Directive are based on
                                                              — prohibit the entry into service of such vehicles,
the test method laid down in Directive 70/220/EEC but
this procedure must be adapted subsequently so that
it is representative not only of traffic conditions in        where the level of gaseous pollutants emitted from this
congested urban centres but also of those outside such        type of motor vehicle or from such vehicles and the
centres; whereas a decision concerning such adaptation        engine fuel requirements meet the requirements of
should be taken by 1987 at the latest;                        Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended by this Directive.
Whereas Article 5 of Directive 70/220/EEC refers to the       2.     From 1 October 1988 in the case of the types of
possibility of adapting the provisions of the Annexes         vehicle (^ which have an engine capacity above 2 000
to take account of technical progress;                        cm 3 , from 1 October 1990 in the case of the types of
                                                              vehicle which have an engine capacity below 1 400 cm 3 ,
                                                              and from 1 October 1991 in the case of the types of
Whereas petrol engines in all vehicles covered by this        vehicle which have an engine capacity of 1 400 to 2 000
Directive should be designed to run exclusively on            cm 3 inclusive, and from 1 October 1994 in the case
unleaded petrol so as to make it possible to stop the         of types of vehicle of the same capacity fitted with
use of lead-based additives in fuels and thus make a          compression-ignition engines of the direct injection
decisive contribution to the reduction of environmental       type, Member States:
pollution by that element;
                                                              — may no longer issue the document provided for in
Whereas it is necessary to ensure that the provisions              the last indent of Article 10 (1) of Directive 70/156/
relating to the compression-ignition engines of vehicles           EEC in respect of a type of motor vehicle, and
covered by this Directive remain compatible, in view
of the specific nature of all the pollutants emitted by       — may refuse national type-approval for a type of
such engines, with subsequent changes in the provisions            motor vehicle,
relating to the other pollutants emitted by such engines,
which are covered by Directive 72/306/EEC;                    which emits gaseous pollutants at levels which do not
                                                              meet the requirements of the Annexes to Directive
                                                              70/220/EEC, as amended by this Directive.
Whereas, during the period between the adoption of
European standards and the implementation of the
modified European test cycle, it is desirable that vehicles   3. From 1 October 1989 in the case of types of vehicle
which obtain type-approval in accordance with equiva-         which have an engine capacity above 2 000 cm 3 , from
lent standards on Community export markets should             1 October 1991 in the case of types of vehicle which
also qualify for EEC type-approval;                           have an engine capacity below 1 400 cm 3 , and from
                                                              1 October 1993 in the case of types of vehicle which
                                                              have an engine capacity of 1 400 to 2 000 cm 3 inclusive,
Whereas, with due regard for the rules of the Treaty,
                                                              and from 1 October 1996 in the case of types of vehicle
Member States which so wish may apply in advance
                                                              of the same capacity fitted with compression-ignition
the new values laid down in this Directive, on the
                                                              engines of the direct injection type, Member States may
understanding that if they do so they may not prohibit
                                                              prohibit the entry into service of vehicles where the
the marketing or use of vehicles, whether manufactured
                                                              gaseous pollutants emitted from such vehicles and their
at home or imported, which comply with Community
                                                              engine fuel requirements do not meet the requirements
requirements,
                                                              of the Annexes to Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended
                                                              by this Directive.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:                                                               Article 3
                                                              1.     Member States may refuse national type-approval,
                        Article 1                             EEC type-approval or the document provided for in the
                                                              second indent of Article 10 (1) of Directive 70/156/EEC
Annexes I, II, III, VI and VII to Directive 70/220/EEC
shall be amended in accordance with the Annex to this         (') The types of vehicle referred to in Article 2 do not include
Directive. A new Annex III-A shall be introduced.                 those described in 8.1 of Annex I.
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                              Official Journal of the European Communities                                        No C 257/3
for a type of motor vehicle with a positive ignition                                             Article 4
engine whose engine fuel requirements do not satisfy
the requirements of the Annexes to Directive 70/220/                  By 31 December 1987 at the latest, the Council, on a
EEC, as amended by this Directive:                                     proposal from the Commission, shall:
                                                                      — decide on a further reduction in the limit values
                                                                           to be applied to vehicles with an effective engine
— from 1 October 1988, for types of vehicle having an
                                                                          capacity of less than 1 400 cm3 by 1992 for the issue
    engine capacity greater than 2 000 cm3, except those
                                                                          of new national type-approvals and 1993 for the
    defined in 8.1,                                                       entry of vehicles into service,
                                                                      — amend the test contained in Annex III to Directive
— from 1 October 1989, for the other types.                               70/220/EEC in order to adapt to present conditions,
                                                                          in particular by the addition of non-urban driving
                                                                          sequences,
2.    From 1 October 1990, Member States may pro-                     — decide on the procedures for the entry into force of
hibit the entry into service of vehicles fitted with a                    the amended test contained in Annex III and on the
positive ignition engine whose fuel requirements do not                   conditions for repealing the provisions laid down
meet the requirements of the Annexes to Directive                         in the present Annex III and Annex III-A, including
70/220/EEC, as amended by this Directive, except                          the transitional period.
where the manufacturer provides a certificate accepted
by the technical service which issued the initial emis-                                          Article 5
sions type-approval stating that adapting such vehicles
to the new fuel requirement entails major engineering                 Member States shall bring into force the provisions
changes, namely a change in material specification of                 necessary to comply with this Directive by ... and shall
the inlet or exhaust valve seats or a reduction in the                forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
compression ratio, or an increase in the engine capacity
to compensate for power loss; in which case, such a                                              Article 6
ban is possible only for the dates laid down in Article
2(3).                                                                 This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
                                                             ANNEX I
                               AMENDMENTS T O THE ANNEXES T O DIRECTIVE 70/220/EEC
                                  IN THE VERSION CONTAINED IN DIRECTIVE 83/351/EEC
                            Add the following:
                            'with the exception of those vehicles of category Nj for which type-approval has been
                            granted under Directive...'
            2.2.            Add the following:
                            'For the purposes of Annex III-A "reference mass" means the mass of the vehicle in running
                            order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg and increased by a uniform mass of 136
                            kg-'
            2.9.            'Effective engine capacity' means:
            2.9.1.          For reciprocating piston positive ignition engines, the nominal engine swept volume,
            2.9.1.1.        For rotary piston (Wankel) positive ignition engines, double the nominal engine-swept
                            volume.
            The following 3.2.4 is added:
                 '3.2.4.    A description of the measures taken to ensure that a vehicle equipped with a positive ignition
                            engine is so constructed that it can only be supplied with unleaded petrol in accordance
                            with the provisions of Directive 85/210/EEC.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/4                              Official Journal of the European Communities                                            28. 9. 87
                             This condition is deemed to be met if it can be demonstrated that the inlet orifice of the
                             fuel tank is so designed that it prevents the tank form being filled from a petrol pump
                             delivery nozzle which has an external diameter of 23,6 mm or greater.'
          In 5.1, the existing text is given the number 5.1.1, and is supplemented as follows:
                             'The technical measures taken by the manufacturer must be such as to ensure that the
                             emission of air-polluting gases is effectively limited throughout the normal life of the vehicle
                              and under normal conditions of use.'
          The following 5.1.2 is added:
                '5.1.2.       A vehicle equipped with a positive ignition engine must be designed to be capable of running
                              on unleaded petrol as specified by Directive 85/210/EEC
          5.2.1.1.4 reads as follows:
                '5.2.1.1.4.   Subject to the requirements of 5.2.1.1.4.2 and 5.2.1.1.5, the test is repeated three times. The
                              mass of the carbon monoxide, the combined mass of the hydrocarbons and the nitrogen
                              oxides and the mass of the nitrogen oxides obtained must be less than the amounts given
                              below for the corresponding vehicle categories:
                                                                                    Combined mass
                                                           Mass of carbon                                  Mass of nitrogen
                                   Engine capacity                                  of hydrocarbons            oxides
                                                              monoxide
                                                                                  and nitrogen oxides
                                          C                       LI                        L2                   U
                                        (cm3)                   (g/test)                 (g/test)              (g/test)
                                     C > 2000                     25                        6,5                   3,5
                                 1 400 ^ C ^ 2 000                30                        8
                                     C < 1 400                    45                       15                    6
                              Vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines with a capacity exceeding 2 000 cm 3
                              must comply with the limit values corresponding to the 1 400 to 2 000 cm 3 inclusive engine
                              capacity category.'
           In 5.2.1.1.4.1, 5.2.1.1.4.2, 5.2.1.1.5.1 and 5.2.1.1.5.2, 'and the mass of nitrogen oxides' or 'and the emissions
           of nitrogen oxides' is to be added after any reference to combined figures for hydrocarbons and nitrogen
           oxides.
           The following 6.5 is added:
                '6.5.         Positive-ignition engined vehicle types with different engine fuel requirements
                6.5.1.        Approval shall be extended to vehicle types modified for engine fuel requirement purposes,
                              provided the conditions set out in 8.6 of this Annex are met.'
           The following 6.6 is added:
                 '6.6.        Vehicles types with automatic or continuously variable transmissions
                6.6.1.        Approval granted to a vehicle type with a manual transmission may under the following
                              conditions be extended to vehicle types with automatic or continuously variable trans-
                              missions:
                 6.6.1.1.     The same basic forms of components and systems (other than the transmission) liable to
                              affect the emissions of gaseous pollutants must be fitted and operational, but detail differences
                              to allow for the different operating characteristics of automatic or continuously variable
                              transmissions are acceptable.
                 6.6.1.2.     The vehicle type must have a reference mass within ± 5% of the reference mass of the
                              vehicle type with the manual transmission.
                6.6.1.3.      The vehicle type must be tested and satisfy the requirements of section 5 modified as follows:
                              'The limits for the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from the multiplication of the values
                              L3 given in the table in 5.2.1.1.4 by a factor of 1,3, and the limits for the combined mass of
                              the hydrocarbons and the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from the multiplication of the
                              values L2 given in the table in 5.2.1.1.4 by a factor of 1,2.'
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                                Official Journal of the European Communities                                         No C 257/5
          The table in 7.1.1.1 is replaced by the following:
                                                                                 Combined mass
                                                     Mass of carbon                                      Mass of nitrogen
                        'Engine capacity                                         of hydrocarbons
                                                       monoxide                                               oxides
                                                                               and nitrogen oxides
                               C                           LI                           L2                      L3
                             (cm3)                       (g/test)                     (g/test)                (g/test)
                          C > 2 000                        30                            8,1                    4,4
                     1 400 *S C s= 2 000                   36                          10
                          C < 1 400                        54                          19                       7,5
                Vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines with a capacity exceeding 2 000 cm 3 must comply
                with limit values corresponding to the 1 400 to 2 000 cm 3 inclusive engine capacity category.'
          The second paragraph of 7.1.1.2 reads as follows:
                'L is the limit value laid down in 7.1.1.1 for the emissions of carbon monoxide, the combined emissions
                of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and the emissions of nitrogen oxides.'
          The following 7.2 is added:
               '7.2           Where type-approval is extended under the provisions of 6.6 (automatic and continuously
                              variable transmissions) the limits for the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from the
                              multiplication of the values L3 given in the table in 7.1.1.1 by a factor of 1,3, and the limits
                              for the combined mass of the hydrocarbons and the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from
                              the multiplication of the values L2 given in the table in 7.1.1.1 by a factor of 1,2.'
          8.1 reads as follows:
               '8.1.          For the type-approval and verification of conformity of
                              — vehicles other than those of category Mj,
                              — passenger vehicles of category Mj designed to carry more than six occupants including
                                  the driver or whose maximum mass exceeds 2 500 kg,
                              — vehicles designed for use off the public highway,
                              — off-road vehicles as defined in Annex I of Directive 70/156/EEC, as last amended by
                                  Directive...,
                              the limit values shown in the tables in 5.2.1.1.4 (type-approval) and 7.1.1.1 (conformity
                              check) of Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended by Directive 83/351/EEC, are applicable as
                              from 1 October 1989 in the case of vehicle types and from 1 October 1990 in the case of
                              vehicles entering into service for the first time.'
          The following 8.3 is added:
               '8.3.          Test equivalent to the type I test for verifying emissions after a cold start
               8.3.1.         For the type-approval and verification of production of vehicles of category Mj equipped
                              with an engine whose capacity is ^ 1 400 cm 3 , the technical service may, at the request of a
                              manufacturer, carry out the equivalent test described in Annex III-A (EPA cycle) instead of
                              that described in 5.2.1.1.
                              In that event, the following provisions apply:
               8.3.1.1.       For vehicle type-approval, the limit values specified in the table in 5.2.1.1.4 are replaced by
                              the following:
                              — mass of carbon monoxide (LI):                 2,11 g/km,
                              — mass of hydrocarbons:                         0,25 g/km,
                              — mass of nitrogen oxides (L3):                 0,62 g/km.
                              These limit values are deemed to be met if they are not exceeded by the results of tests on a
                              vehicle type when the masses of each pollutant are multiplied by the appropriate deterioration
                              factor from the following table:
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/6                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                           28. 9. 87
                                                                                                Deterioration factor
                                               Emission control system
                                                                                           CO           HC         NOx
                      1. Positive-ignition engine with oxidizing catalytic con-
                                                                                            1,2         1,3          1,0
                           verter
                      2. Positive-ignition engine without catalytic converter               1,2         1,3          1,0
                      3. Positive-ignition engine with three-way catalytic con-
                                                                                            1,2         1,3          1,1
                           verter
                      4.   Compression-ignition                                             1,1         1,0          1,0
                      Where a manufacturer has obtained evidence of deterioration factors specific to the vehicle
                      type using the certification procedures of Community export markets, those factors may be
                      used as an alternative when establishing compliance with the limit values set out in this
                      section.
           8.3.1.2.   For the verification of production conformity, vehicles may be taken from the series and
                      subjected to the test described in Annex III-A.
           8.3.1.2.1. A failed vehicle is one whose test results, when adjusted by the deterioration factors
                      established for the type approved in accordance with the provisions of 8.3.1.1, lead to one
                      or more of the limit values in 8.3.1.1 being exceeded.
           8.3.1.2.2. The production of the series is deemed to conform or not to conform by testing vehicles
                      comprising a test sample until a pass decision is reached for all limit values or a fail decision
                      is reached for one limit value. A pass decision is reached when the cumulative number of
                      failed vehicles, as defined in 8.3.1.2.1, for each limit value is less than or equal to the pass
                      decision number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested. A fail decision is
                      reached when the cumulative number of failed vehicles for one limit value is greater than or
                      equal to the fail decision number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested.
                      Once a pass decision has been made for a particular limit value the number of vehicles
                      whose final deteriorated test results exceed that limit value must not be considered any
                      further for the purposes of checking conformity of production.
                      The pass and fail decision numbers associated with the cumulative number of vehicles tested
                      are given in the following table:
                            Cumulative number of                     Pass decision                 Fail decision
                                 vehicles tested                  (number of failures)          (number of failures)
                                         1                                <*)                           (2)
                                        2                                 (*)                            (2)
                                        3                                 f1)                           (2)
                                        4                                 (!)                           (22)
                                        5                                   0                           ()
                                        6                                   0                              6
                                        7                                   1                              7
                                         8                                  2                              8
                                        9                                   2                              8
                                       10                                   3                              9
                                       11                                   3                              9
                                       12                                   4                            10
                                       13                                   4                            10
                                       14                                   5                            11
                                       15                                   5                            11
                                       16                                   6                            12
                                       17                                   6                            12
                                       18                                   7                            13
                                       19                                   7                            13
                                       20                                   8                            14
                                       21                                   8                            14
                                       22                                   9                            15
                                       23                                   9                            15
                                       24                                 10                             16
                                       25                                 11                             16
                                       26                                 11                             17
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                               Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No C 257/7
                                 Cumulative number of                    Pass decision              Fail decision
                                       vehicles tested                (number of failures)      (number of failures)
                                             27                               12                          17
                                             28                               12                          18
                                             29                               13                         19
                                             30                               13                         19
                                             31                               14                         20
                                             32                               14                         20
                                             33                               15                         21
                                             34                               15                         21
                                             35                               16                         22
                                             36                               16                         22
                                             37                               17                         23
                                             38                               17                         23
                                             39                               18                         24
                                             40                               18                         24
                                             41                               19                         25
                                             42                               19                         26
                                             43                               20                         26
                                             44                               21                         27
                                             45                               21                         27
                                             46                               22                         28
                                             47                               22                         28
                                             48                               23                         29
                                             49                               23                         29
                                             50                               24                         30
                                             51                               24                         30
                                             52                               25                         31
                                             53                               25                         31
                                             54                               26                         32
                                             55                               26                         32
                                             56                               27                         33
                                             57                               27                         33
                                             58                               28                         33
                                             59                               28                         33
                                             60                               32                         33
                           (') Series not able to pass at this stage.
                           (2) Series not able to fail at this stage.
              8.3.1.3.     Manufacturers of vehicles in possession of certificates issued by government authorities in
                           Community export markets incorporating results of tests equivalent to those set out in
                           Annex III-A to this Directive may present such results.
              8.4.         For the extension of EEC type-approval to vehicles approved in accordance with the
                           provisions of Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended by Directive 83/351/EEC, but modified to
                           satisfy the engine fuel requirements of this Directive, the manufacturers are to certify that:
              8.4.1.       the vehicle type conforms with the requirement of 5.1.2 of this Annex regarding engine fuel
                           requirements, and
              8.4.2.       the vehicle continues to meet the production conformity limits in accordance with the
                           provisions of Directive 70/220/EEC, as amended by Directive 83/351/EEC
                                                                   ANNEX 11
          A footnote reference '( 4 )' is inserted after 1.4 and 1.5.
          A footnote reference '( 5 )' is inserted after 1.7.
          The following footnotes are added:
               '(4)  This figure must be rounded off to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.
               (5)   This value must be calculated with n = 3,1416 and rounded off to the nearest cm 3 .'
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/8 Official Journal of the European Communities 28. 9. 87
           SAMPLING PLAN FOR USE WITH ANNEX III-A TEST
                              TEST ANOTHER
                                  VEHICLE
                              LIMIT VALUE (%
                                (ARE) PASSED
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87 Official Journal of the European Communities No C 257/9
        H
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/10                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                     28. 9. 87
          Add the following sub-section to section 7:
              'Information to be supplied for the tests provided for in Annex III-A
              Gear change-over point (for first to second, etc.).
              Method of cold starting.
                                                               ANNEX ///
          3.17. is deleted.
                                                               ANNEX     VI
                                                   (Specifications of reference fuels)
          The table in section 1 is replaced by the following table:
               '1.   TECHNICAL DATA OF THE REFERENCE FUEL T O BE USED FOR TESTING VEHICLES
                     EQUIPPED WITH POSITIVE-IGNITION ENGINES
                     CEC reference fuel RF-08-A-85
                     Type: Premium petrol, unleaded
                                                                              Limits and units
                                                                                                          ASTM method
                                                                          Min.                 Max.
                     Research octane number                            95,0                                 D 2699
                     Motor octane number                               85,0                                 D 2700
                     Density at 15 °C                                   0,748                0,762          D 1298
                     Reid vapour pressure                               0,56 bar             0,64 bar       D  323
                     Distillation:
                     — initial boiling point                              24 °C                40   °C      D    86
                     — 10% vol point                                      42 °C                58   °C      D    86
                     — 50% vol point                                      90 °C               110   °C      D    86
                     — 90% vol point                                     155 °C               180   °C      D    86
                     — final boiling point                               190 °C              215    °C      D    86
                     Residue                                                                     2%         D    86
                     Hydrocarbon analysis:
                     — olefins                                                               20% vol        D 1319
                     — aromatics                                       (Including                           D 1319
                                                                     max. 5% vol
                                                                      benzene (*))           45% vol   (!)D 3606/D 2267
                     — saturates                                                             balance        D 1319
                     Carbon/hydrogen ratio                                          ra cio
                     Oxidation stability                                480 min.                            D  525
                     Existent gum                                                         4 mg/100 ml       D   381
                     Sulphur content                                                       0,04% mass   D 1266/D 2622/
                                                                                                            D 2785
                     Copper corrosion at 50 °C                                                    1         D   130
                     Lead content                                                           0,005 g/1       D 3237
                     Phosphorus content                                                     0,0013 g/1      D 3231
                      (') Addition of oxygenates prohibited.'
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                                Official Journal of the European Communities                                   No C 257/11
                                                              ANNEX      VII
          A new section 6 is added and the numbering of the subsequent sections changed:
                '6. Effective engine capacity ... cm 3 .'
          The following words are inserted at the end of the first line of section 14:
                'carried out in accordance with Annex Ill/Annex IH-A.'
          The following words are added to the first line of 14.1:
                'carried out in accordance with Annex HI.'
          The following new 14.2 is added after 14.1:
                '14.2 Type I test carried out in accordance with Annex III-A
                       CO: ... g/km        HC: ... g/km    NO x : ... g/km.'
          Section 14.2 becomes 14.3.
          Section 14.3 becomes 14.4
                                                             ANNEX      III-A
           TEST EQUIVALENT T O THE TYPE I TEST FOR VERIFYING EMISSIONS AFTER A COLD START
          1.                 INTRODUCTION
                            ... defined in 8.3 of Annex I.
          2.                OPERATING CYCLE ON THE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
          2.1.             Description of the cycle
                           The operating cycle ... in the table depicted in the graph in Appendix 1. The shutdown ...
                           Appendix.
          2.2.             See 2.2 of Annex III.
          2.3.              Transmissions
          2.3.1.           All test conditions, except as noted, will be run according to the manufacturer's recommen-
                           dations.
          2.3.2.            Vehicles equipped with free wheeling or overdrive, except as noted, will be tested with these
                            features operated according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
          2.3.3.           Idle modes are to be run with automatic transmission in 'drive' and the wheels braked: manual
                           transmissions to be in gear with the clutch disengaged, except in the first idle mode.
                           The vehicle must be driven with minimum accelerator pedal movement to maintain the desired
                            speed.
          2.3.4.            Acceleration must be smooth, following representative gear speeds and procedures. For manual
                            transmissions, the operator must release the accelerator pedal during each gear change and
                           complete the change in the minimum amount of time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the
                           specified rate, it is to be operated at maximum available power until its speed reaches the
                           value prescribed for that time in the driving schedule.
          2.3.5.           The deceleration modes must be run in gear using brakes or accelerator pedal as necessary to
                           maintain the desired speed. Manual transmission vehicles must have the clutch engaged and
                           must not change gears from the previous mode. For those modes which decelerate to zero,
                           manual transmission clutches must be depressed when the speed drops below 24,1 km/h,
                           when engine roughness is evident, or when engine stalling is imminent.
 ---pagebreak--- N o C 257/12                    Official J o u r n a l of t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s                 2 8 . 9. 87
          2.3.6.   Manual    transmission
          2.3.6.1. In the case of test vehicles equipped with manual transmission, the transmission must be shifted
                   according to the procedures recommended by the manufacturer, subject to the agreement of
                   the technical service responsible for the tests.
          2.4.     Tolerances
          2.4.1.   The dynamometer driving schedule is listed in Appendix I. The driving schedule is defined by
                   a smooth trace drawn through the specified speed vs, time relationships. It consists of a non-
                   repetitive series of idle, acceleration, cruise, and deceleration modes of various time sequences
                   and rates.
          2.4.2.   The speed tolerances are:
                   — The upper limit is 3,2 km/h higher than the highest point on the trace within one second
                       of the given time.
                   — The lower limit is 3,2 km/h lower than the lowest point on the trace within one second
                       of the given time.
                   — Speed variations greater than the tolerances (such as may occur during gear changes) are
                       acceptable provided they do not occur for more than two seconds on any occasion.
                   — Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable provided the vehicle is operated at
                       maximum available power during such occurrences.
                   — The speed tolerance must be as specified above, except the upper and lower limits which
                       are 6,4 km/h.
                   — The following figures show the range of acceptable speed tolerances for typical points.
                        Figure A is typical of portions of the speed curve which are increasing or decreasing
                        thoughout the two-second time interval. Figure B is typical of portions of the speed curve
                        which include a maximum or minimum.
                                                                                i !                                         •
                                                                                i»
                                                                                                                      Allowable
                                                                                                                        range
                                                                                t              /      Is            \ I
                                                                                                                 Is
                                                                                                           Time
                                                                                                         Figure B
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                  No C 257/13
                      VEHICLE AND FUEL
          3.1.        Test vehicles
                      3.1.1.
                      3.1.2.
                      3.1.3.
                                  See 3.1.1 to 3.1.6 of Annex III.
                      3.1.4.
                      3.1.5.
                      3.1.6.
          3.2.        Fuel
                      The appropriate reference fuel as defined in Annex IV must be used for testing, or the
                      equivalent reference fuels used by the competent authorities in Community export markets.
                      TEST EQUIPMENT
          4.1.        Chassis dynamometer
          4.1.1.      Add:
                      'Dynamometers with adjustable load curve may be considered as having a fixed load curve if
                      they meet the requirements of a fixed load curve and are used as a fixed load dynamometer.'
          4.1.2.
                    } See 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 of Annex III.
          4.1.3.
          4.1.4.       Accuracy
          4.1.4.1.    See 4.1.4.1 of Annex III.
          4.1.4.2.    In the case of a dynamometer with a fixed load curve, the accuracy of matching dynamometer
                      load to road must be 5 % at 80,5 km/h.
                      In the case of a dynamometer with adjustable load curve, the accuracy of matching dyna-
                      mometer load to road must be 5 % at 80,5 km/h, 60 and 40 km/h and 10% at 20 km/h.
                      Below this, dynamometer absorption must be positive.
          4 14 3 ^
            ' ' *' \   See 4.1.4.3 and 4.1.4.4 of Annex III.
          4.1.4.4. '
          4.1.5.      Load and inertia setting
          4.1.5.1.    Dynamometer with fixed load curve: the load simulator must be adjusted to absorb the power
                      exerted on the driving wheels at a steady speed of 80,5 km/h. The alternative means by which
                      this load is determined and set are described in Appendix 2 (section 3) and Appendix 3.
          4.1.5.2.    Dynamometer with adjustable load curve: the load simulator must be adjusted in order to
                      absorb the power exerted on the driving wheels speeds of 20, 40, 60 and 80,5 km/h. The
                      means by which these loads are determined and set are described in Appendix 3.
          4.1.5.3.    See 4.1.5.3 of Annex III.
          4.2 to 4.7. See 4.2 to 4.7 of Annex III.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/14                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                         28. 9. 87
          5.             PREPARING THE TEST
          5.1.           Adjustment of inertia simulators to the vehicle's translatory inertias
                                             Reference mass of the vehicle                      Equivalent inertia mass
                                                          (kg)                                           (kg)
                                                           Pr      480                                    450
                                                  480   <  Pr ^ 540                                       510
                                                  540   <  Pr sS 600                                      570
                                                  600   <  Pr s£ 650                                      620
                                                  650   <  Pr ^ 710                                       680
                                                  710   <  Pr s= 770                                      740
                                                  770   <  Pr =£ 820                                      800
                                                  820   <  Pr s= 880                                      850
                                                  880   <  Pr ^ 940                                       910
                                                  940   <  Prs£ 990                                       960
                                                  990   <  Pr ^ 1 050                                   1020
                                                1050    <  P r ^ l 110                                  1080
                                                1 110   <  Pr==£l 160                                   1 130
                                                1 160   <  Pr ^ 1 220                                   1 190
                                                1 220   <  Pr ^ 1 280                                   1250
                                                1 280   <  Pr ^ 1 330                                   1300
                                                1 330   <  Pr s£ 1 390                                  1360
                                                1 390   <  Pr *£ 1 450                                  1420
                                                1 450   <  Pr ^ 1 500                                   1470
                                                1 500   <  Pr ==£ 1 560                                 1530
                                                1 560   <  Pr ^ 1 620                                   1590
                                                1 620   <  Pr s£ 1 670                                  1640
                                                1 670   <  Pr s£ 1 730                                  1700
                                                1 730   <  Pr S2 1 790                                  1760
                                                1 790   <  Pr sS 1 870                                  1810
                                                1 870   <  Pr «£ 1 980                                  1930
                                                1 980   <  Pr «S 2 100                                  2 040
                                                2 100   <  Pr ^ 2 210                                   2 150
                                                2 210   <  Pr ^ 2 320                                   2 270
                                                2 320   <  Pr ^ 2 440                                   2 380
                                                2 440   <  Pr s£ 2 610                                  2 490
                                                2 610   <  Pr s£ 2 830                                  2 720
                        Flywheels, electrical or other means of simulating test mass as shown in the table may be
                        used. If the equivalent test mass specified is not available on the dynamometer being used,
                        the next higher equivalent test mass (not exceeding 115 kg) available is to be used.
                        Note: the reference mass of the vehicle is the mass of the vehicle in running order less the
                                uniform mass of the driver and increased by a uniform mass of 136 kg.
          5.2.          Setting of the dynamometer (See 5.2 of Annex III)
          5.3.          Conditioning of vehicle
          5.3.1.        Before the test, the vehicle must be kept in a room in which the temperature remains relatively
                        constant between 20 and 30 °C.
                        This conditioning must continue for at least six hours if the engine oil temperature is measured
                        or for at least 12 hours if it is not.
                        If the manufacturer so requests, the test must be carried out not later than 36 hours after the
                        vehicle has been run at its normal temperature.
          5.3.2.        See 5.3.2 of Annex III.
          6.            PROCEDURE FOR BENCH TESTS
          6.1 to 6.1.4. See 6.1 to 6.1.4 of Annex III.
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                           No C 257/15
          6.2.      Test and sampling
          6.2.1.    The vehicle must be stored prior to the emission test in such a manner that precipitation (e.g.
                    rain or dew) does not occur on the vehicle. The complete dynamometer test consists of a
                    cold-start drive of 12,1 km and simulates a hot-start drive of 12,1 km. The vehicle is allowed
                    to stand on the dynamometer during the 10-minute time period between the cold- and hot-
                    start tests. The cold-start test is divided into two periods. The first period, representing the
                    cold-start 'transient' phase, terminates at the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to
                    occur at 505 seconds of the driving schedule. The second period, representing the 'stabilized'
                    phase, consists of the remainder of the driving schedule including engine shutdown. The hot-
                    start test similarly consists of two periods. The first period, representing the hot-start 'transient'
                    phase, terminates at the same point in the driving schedule as the first period of the cold-start
                    test. The second period of the hot-start test, 'stabilized' phase, is assumed to be identical to
                    the second period of the cold-start test. Therefore the hot-start test terminates after the first
                    period (505 seconds) is run.
          6.2.2.    The following steps shall be taken for each test:
          6.2.2.1.  Place drive wheels of vehicle on dynamometer without starting engine. Reset and enable the
                    roll revolution counter.
          6.2.2.2.  Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the cooling fan.
          6.2.2.3.  With the sample selector valves in the 'standby' position, connect evacuated sample collection
                    bags to the dilute exhaust and dilution air sample collection systems.
          6.2.2.4.  Start the CVS (if not already on), the sample pumps, the temperature recorder, the vehicle
                    cooling fan and the heated hydrocarbon analysis recorder (diesel only). (The heat exchanger
                    of the constant volume sampler if used, should be preheated to its operating temperature.)
                    The diesel hydrocarbon analyser continuous sample line and filter (if applicable) should be
                    preheated to 190 ± 10 °C.
          6.2.2.5.  Adjust the sample flowrates to the desired flowrate (minimum of 0,28 m 3 /hr) and set the gas
                    flow measuring devices to zero.
                    Note: CFV-CVS sample flowrate is fixed by the venturi design.
          6.2.2.6.  Attach the flexible exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s).
          6.2.2.7.  Start the gas flow measuring device, position the sample selector valves to direct the sample
                    flow into the 'transient' exhaust sample bag and the 'transient' dilution air sample bag (turn
                    on the diesel hydrocarbon analyser system integrator and mark the recorder chart, if appli-
                    cable), turn the ignition key on and start the engine.
          6.2.2.8.  15 seconds after the engine starts, place the transmission in gear.
          6.2.2.9.  20 seconds after the engine starts, begin the initial vehicle acceleration of the driving schedule.
          6.2.2.10. Operate the vehicle according to the dynamometer driving schedule.
          6.2.2.11. At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 505 seconds, simultaneously
                    switch the sample flows from the 'transient' bags to the 'stabilized' bags, switch off gas flow
                     measuring device No 1 (and the diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 1, mark the diesel hydro-
                    carbon recorder chart) and start gas flow measuring device No 2 (and diesel hydrocarbon
                     integrator No 2). Before the acceleration which is scheduled to occur at 510 seconds, record
                     the measured roller or shaft revolutions and reset the counter or switch to a second counter.
                     As soon as possible transfer the 'transient' exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical
                     system and process the samples so as to obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust sample on
                     all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection part of the test.
          6.2.2.12. Turn the engine off two seconds after the end of the last deceleration (at 1,369 seconds).
          6.2.2.13.  Five seconds after the engine stops running, simultaneously turn off gas flow measuring device
                     No 2 (the diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 2 and mark the hydrocarbon recorder chart, if
                     applicable) and position the sample selector valves to the 'standby' position. Record the
                     measured roller or shaft revolutions and reset the counter. As soon as possible transfer the
                     'stabilized' exhaust and dilution air samples to the analytical system and process the samples
                     in order to obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes
                     of the end of the sample collection part of the test.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/16                     Official Journal of the European Communities                                          28. 9. 87
          6.2.2.14. Immediately after the end of the sample period turn off the cooling fan and close the engine
                    compartment cover.
          6.2.2.15. Turn off the CVS or disconnect the exhaust tube from the tailpipe of the vehicle.
          6.2.2.16. Repeat the steps in 6.2.2.2 to 6.2.2.10 for the hot-start test, except that only one evacuated
                    sample bag is required for sampling exhaust gas and one for dilution air. The key-on operation
                    step described in 6.2.2.7 begins between nine and 11 minutes after the end of the sample
                    period for the cold-start test.
          6.2.2.17. At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 505 seconds, simultaneously
                    turn off gas flow measuring device No 1 (and diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 1, mark the
                    diesel hydrocarbon recorder chart, if applicable) and position the sample selector valve to the
                    'standby' position (engine shutdown is not part of the hot-start test sample period). Record
                    the measured roller or shaft revolutions.
          6.2.2.18. As soon as possible transfer the hot-start 'transient' exhaust and dilution air samples to the
                    analytical system and process the samples in order to obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust
                    sample on all analyzers within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection part of the test.
          6.3.      Engine starting and restarting
          6.3.1.    Petrol-engined vehicles
                    This paragraph applies to petrol-engined vehicles.
          6.3.1.1.  The engine must be started according to the manufacturer's instructions as set out in the
                    handbook for series-produced vehicles. The initial 20-second idle period begins when the
                    engine starts.
          6.3.1.2.  Choke operation:
                    Vehicles equipped with automatic chokes must be operated according to the manufacturer's
                    instructions as set out in the handbook for series-produced vehicles.
                    Vehicles equipped with manual chokes must be operated according to the manufacturer's
                    instructions as set out in the handbook for series-produced vehicles.
          6.3.1.3.  The transmission must be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is started. If necessary,
                    braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels from turning.
          6.3.1.4.  The operator may use the choke, accelerator pedal, etc., where necessary to keep the engine
                    running.
          6.3.1.5.  If the manufacturer's instructions as set out in the handbook for series-produced vehicles do
                    not specify a warm engine starting procedure, the engine (automatic-and-manual-choke
                    engines) must be started by depressing the accelerator pedal about half way and letting the
                    engine turn over until it starts.
          6.3.2.    Diesel vehicles
                    The engine must be started according to the manufacturer's instructions as set out in the
                    handbook for series-produced vehicles. The initial 20-second idle period begins when the
                    engine starts. The transmission must be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is started.
                    If necessary, braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels from turning.
          6.3.3.    If the vehicle does not start after 10 seconds' use of the starter, the attempt is to cease and
                    the reason for failure to start determined. The gas flow measuring device on the constant
                    volume sampler (usually a revolution counter) or CFV (and the hydrocarbon integrator when
                    testing diesel vehicles) must be turned off and the sampler selector valves placed in the
                    'standby' position during this diagnostic period. In addition, either the CVS should be turned
                    off, or the exhaust tube disconnected from the tailpipe during the diagnostic period. If failure
                    to start is due to an operational error, the vehicle must be rescheduled for testing from a cold
                    start.
          6.3.3.1.  If a failure to start occurs during the cold portion of the test and is caused by a vehicle
                    malfunction, corrective action of less than 30 minutes duration may be taken and the test
                    continued. All sampling system(s) must be reactivated at the same time as the engine begins
                    to turn. When the engine starts, the driving schedule timing sequence begins. If failure to start
                    is caused by vehicle malfunction and the vehicle cannot be started, the test is void.
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                                Official Journal of the European Communities                                     No C 257/17
          6.3.3.2.          If a failure to start occurs during the hot start portion of the test and is caused by vehicle
                            malfunction, the vehicle must be started within one minute of key on. All sampling system(s)
                            must be reactivated at the same time as the engine begins to turn. When the engine starts, the
                            driving schedule timing sequence begins. If the vehicle cannot be started within one minute
                            of key on, the test is void.
          6.3.4.            If the engine 'false starts' the operator must repeat the recommended starting procedure (such
                            as resetting the choke, etc.).
          6.3.5.             Stalling(l)
                            If the engine stalls during an idle period, the engine must be restarted immediately and the
                            test continued. If the engine cannot be started soon enough to allow the vehicle to follow the
                            next acceleration as prescribed, the driving schedule indicator must be stopped. When the
                            vehicle restarts, the driving schedule indicator must be reactivated.
          7.                PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSES
          7.1.              See 7.2.2.
          7.2.              See 7.2.3 of  Annex  HI
          7.3.              See 7.2.4 of  Annex   III
          7.4.              See 7.2.5 of  Annex   III
          7.5.              See 7.2.6 of  Annex   III
          7.6.              See 7.2.7 of  Annex   III
          7.7.              See 7.2.8 of  Annex   III
                            DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS
          8.1.
                     }      See 8.1 and 8.2 of Annex III.
          (') — If the engine stalls during some operating mode other than idle, the driving schedule must be stopped;
                   the vehicle is then restarted and accelerated to the speed required at that point in the driving schedule
                   and the test continued.
              — If the vehicle will not restart within one minute, the test is void.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/18        Official Journal of the European Communities        28. 9. 87
                                                                t- 8
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 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                                                          No C 257/23
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 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/24                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                        28. 9. 87
                                                         Appendix 2
                                                CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
          1.        DEFINITION
          1.1.      See section 1 of Appendix 2 to Annex III, but replace '50 km/h' by '80,5 km/h'.
          2.        METHOD OF CALIBRATING THE DYNAMOMETER
          2.1.      See 2.1 of Appendix 2 to Annex III.
          2.2.      Calibrating the power indicator to 80,5 km/h.
          2.2.1.    The dynamometer must be calibrated at least once each month or performance verified at least
                    once each week with a view to calibration if required. Calibration must be carried out at
                    80,5 km/h in accordance with the procedure described below. The measured absorbed power
                    comprises the power absorbed by frictional effects and the power absorbed by the power
                    absorption device. The dynamometer is driven above the test speed range. The device used for
                    starting up the dynamometer is then disengaged from the dynamometer and the roller(s) is(are)
                    allowed to coa.st down. The kinetic energy of the roller is dissipated by the power absorption
                    device and frictional effects. This method disregards variations in the internal friction of the
                    rollers when carrying a load or running free. The frictional effects of the rear roll shall be
                    disregarded when this is free.
          2.2.1.1.  Measure the rotational speed of the drive roller if this has not already been done. A fifth wheel,
                    a revolution counter or other suitable means may be used.
          2.2.1.2.  Place a vehicle on the dynamometer or use another method of starting up the dynamometer.
          2.2.1.3.  Engage the flywheel or other system of inertia simulation for the most common vehicle mass
                    category for which the dynamometer is used. In addition other vehicle mass categories may be
                    calibrated, if desired.
          2.2.1.4.  Drive the dynamometer up to 80,5 km/h.
          2.2.1.5.  Record indicated road power.
          2.2.1.6.  Drive the dynamometer up to 96,9 km/h.
          2.2.1.7.  Disengage the device used to drive the dynamometer.
          2.2.1.8.  Record the time for the dynamometer drive roller to coast down from 88,5 km/h to 72,4 km/h.
          2.2.1.9.  Adjust the power absorption device to a different level.
          2.2.1.10. Repeat steps 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.9 above a sufficient number of times to cover the range of absorbed
                    power used.
          2.2.1.11. Calculate the power absorbed. See 2.2.3.
          2.2.1.12. Plot power indicated at 80,5 km/h versus absorbed power (as shown in figure A).
          2.2.2.    The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer coastdown at one or more
                    inertia-horsepower settings and comparing the coastdown time to that recorded during the last
                    calibration. If the coastdown times differ by more than l s a new calibration is required.
          2.2.3.     Calculations
                    The power actually absorbed by the dynamometer is calculated from the following equation:
                    Pa = W —            -
                                2 000t
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                  No C 257/25
                 wher
                 Pa   =  power (kilowatt).
                 W    =  equivalent inertia (kg).
                 Vj   =   initial velocity (m/s).
                 V2   =   final velocity (m/s).
                 t    =   elapsed time for rollers to coast from 88,5 to 72,4 km/h.
                                         30.0
                                         20.0
                                    o
                                         10.0   -
                                                       10.0       20.0        30.0   40.0
                                                  Power indicated at 80,5 km/h
                                              Power absorbed = f/power indicated
                                                            Figure A
          2.3.   See 2.3 of Appendix 2 to Annex III.
          2.4.   Deleted.
          3.     SETTING OF THE DYNAMOMETER
          3.1.   Vacuum method
                 See 3.1 of Appendix 2 to Annex III, but replace 'at the speed of 50 km/h' by 'at the speed of 80,5
                 km/h'.
          3.2.   Other setting method
                 See 3.2 of Appendix 2 to Annex III, but replace 'at the speed of 50 km/h' by 'at the speed of 80,5
                 km/h.
          3.3.   Alternative method
          3.3.1. The power absorption device is adjusted to reproduce power absorbed at 80,5 km/h true speed.
                 The dynamometer power absorption must take into account the dynamometer friction.
                 The following method has been established for small twin-roll dynamometers having a nominal
                  roll diameter of 220 mm and a nominal roll spacing of 432 mm and large single-roll dynamometers
                 having a nominal roll-diameter of 1 219 mm. Dynamometers with other roll specifications may
                  be used if approved by the technical service.
          3.3.2.  The dynamometer road load setting is determined from the equivalent test mass, the reference
                  frontal area, the body shape, the vehicle protuberances and the tyre type according to the
                  following equations.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/26                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                       28. 9. 87
          3.3.2.1. For light-duty vehicles to be tested on a twin-roller dynamometer:
                   PA = aA + P + tw
                   where:
                   P A = setting at 80,5 km/h (kW).
                   A = the vehicle reference frontal area (m2). The vehicle reference frontal area is defined as the
                           area of the orthogonal projection of the vehicle including tyres and suspension components,
                           but excluding vehicle protuberances, on to a plane perpendicular to both the longitudinal
                           plane of the vehicle and the surface upon which the vehicle is positioned. Measurements
                           of this area are computed to the nearest hundredth of a square metre using a method
                           approved in advance by the technical service responsible for the tests.
                   P    = the protuberance power correction factor from table 1 of this section.
                   w = vehicle equivalent test mass (kg).
                   a    = 3,45 for fastback-shaped vehicles; = 4,01 for all other light-duty vehicles.
                   t    = 0,0 for vehicles equipped with radial-ply tyres; = 4,93 x 10~ 4 for all other vehicles.
                   A vehicle is considered to have a fastback shape if the rearward projection of that portion of the
                   rear surface (A2) which slopes at an angle of less than 20° from the horizontal is at least 25 % as
                   large as the vehicle reference frontal area. In addition, this surface must be smooth, continuous,
                   and free from any local transitions greater than 4°. An exemple of a fastback shape is presented
                   in figure 1.
                                    Side view
                                                                                             T3            CJ
                                                                                                  Rear view
                                                            Figure 1
                                                                 TABLE 1
                                    Protuberance power (P) versus total protuberance frontal area (A2)
                                                   Ap (m2)                                               P
                                                     Ap < 0,03                                         0,0
                                              0,03 ^ Ap < 0,06                                         0,30
                                              0,06 *£ Ap < 0,08                                        0,52
                                              0,08 ^ A p < 0,11                                        0,75
                                              0,11 s£ Ap < 0,14                                        0,97
                                              0,14 s= Ap < 0,17                                        1,19
                                              0,17s= Ap < 0,19                                         1,42
                                              0,19 s= Ap < 0,22                                        1,64
                                              0,22 ^ Ap < 0,25                                         1,87
                                              0,25 *£ Ap < 0,28                                        2,09
                                              0,28 «S Ap                                               2,31
 ---pagebreak--- 28. 9. 87                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                    No C 257/27
                     The protuberance frontal area, A , is defined in a manner analogous to the definition of the
                     vehicle reference frontal area, i.e. the total area of the orthogonal projections of the vehicle
                     mirrors, handles, roof racks, and other protuberances on to a plane perpendicular to both the
                     longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the surface upon which the vehicle is positioned. A
                     protuberance is defined as any fixture attached to the vehicle protruding more than 2,54 cm from
                     the vehicle surface and having a projected area greater than 0,00093 m 2 with the area calculated
                     by a method approved in advance by the technical service responsible for the tests. Included in
                     the total protuberance frontal area are all fixtures which occur as standard equipment. The area
                     of any optional equipment is also included if it is expected that more than 33% of the vehicle
                     range sold will be equipped with this option.
          3.3.2.2.   The dynamometer power absorber setting for light-duty vehicles is rounded off to the nearest
                     0,1 kW.
          3.3.2.3.   The equation to be used for testing light-duty vehicles on a single, large roller dynamometer is
                     as follows:
                     P A = aA + P + (8,22 x 10~ 4 + 0,33 t)w
                     All symbols in the above equation are defined in 3.3.2.1.
                                                           Appendix 3
                                        RESISTANCE T O PROGRESS OF A VEHICLE
                   MEASUREMENT METHOD ON THE ROAD AND ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
                                                 (See Appendix 3 to Annex III)
                                                           Appendix 4
                               VERIFICATION OF INERTIAS OTHER THAN MECHANICAL
                                                 (See Appendix 4 to Annex III)
                                                           Appendix 5
                                         DEFINITION OF GAS SAMPLING SYSTEMS
                     (See Appendix 5 to Annex III, but six bags (instead of two) are necessary on the CVS)
                                                           Appendix 6
                                      METHOD OF CALIBRATING THE EQUIPMENT
                                                 (See Appendix 6 to Annex III)
                                                           Appendix 7
                                              TOTAL SYSTEM VERIFICATION
                                                 (See Appendix 7 to Annex III)
 ---pagebreak--- No C 257/28                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                     28. 9. 87
                                                                Appendix 8
                                  CALCULATION OF THE MASS EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS
            The mass emissions of pollutants are calculated by the following equation:
                         M,CTM,S
            Mi = 0,43              + 0,57 •
            where:
            Mi      = mass emission of the pollutant i (g/m).
            M icT     mass emission of the pollutant i (g) during the first phase (transient cold).
            M j H T = mass emission of the pollutant i (g) during the last phase (transient hot).
            M js    = mass emission of the pollutant i (g) during the second phase (stabilized).
            S cT    = distance (km) which has been run during the first phase.
            SHT     = distance (km) which has been run during the last phase.
            S       = distance (km) which has been run during the second phase.
            The mass emissions of pollutants are calculated by means of the following:
            Mi = V mix x Q. x k H x      Ci x 10-*
            where:
            Mi      = mass emission of the pollutant i (g) per phase.
            V„      = volume of the diluted exhaust gas expressed (1) per phase and corrected to standard conditions
                      (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa).
            Q       = density of the pollutant i (g/1) at normal temperature and pressure (273,2 K and 101,33 kPa).
            kH      = humidity correction factor used for the calculation of the mass emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
                      There is no humidity correction for HC and CO.
            C       = Concentration of the pollutant i in the diluted exhaust gas expressed in ppm and corrected by the
                      amount of the pollutant i contained in the dilution air.
            Proposal for a Council Decision establishing an action programme at Community level to
              promote the vocational rehabilitation and economic integration of people with disabilities
                                                           COM(87) 342 final
                              (Submitted by the Commission to the Council on 24 July 1987)
                                                              (87/C 257/02)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,                                Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard tot the Treaty establishing the European                  Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia-
Economic Community, and in particular Article 128                        ment,
thereof,
                                                                         Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and
Having regard to Council Decision 63/266/EEC of 2                       Social Committee,
April 1963 laying down general principles for
implementing a common vocational training policy (1),
and in particular the tenth principle thereof,                          Whereas the tenth principle set out in Decision 63/266/
                                                                        EEC states that special measures may be taken in respect
                                                                        of special problems concerning specific sectors of
   OJ No 63, 20. 4. 1963, p. 1338/63.                                    activity or specific categories of persons;