CELEX: 62015CJ0031
Language: en
Date: 2016-06-02 00:00:00
Title: Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 2 June 2016.#Photo USA Electronic Graphic, Inc. v Council of the European Union.#Appeal — Dumping — Implementing Regulation (EU) No 412/2013 — Imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in China — Definitive anti-dumping duty.#Case C-31/15 P.

JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Eighth Chamber)
      2 June 2016 (*)
      
      (Appeal — Implementing Regulation (EU) No 412/2013 — Imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in China — Definitive anti-dumping duty)
      In Case C‑31/15 P,
      APPEAL under Article 56 of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, brought on 27 January 2015,
      Photo USA Electronic Graphic Inc., established in Beijing (China), represented by K. Adamantopoulos, avocat,
      
      appellant,
      the other parties to the proceedings being:
      Council of the European Union, represented initially by B. Driessen and S. Boelaert, and subsequently by H. Marcos Fraile, acting as Agent, B. O’Connor,
         Solicitor, and S. Gubel, avocat,
      
      defendant at first instance,
      European Commission, represented by J.-F. Brakeland and M. França, acting as Agents,
      
      Ancàp SpA, established in Sommacampagna (Italy),
      
      Ceramie-Unie AISBL, established in Brussels (Belgium),
      
      Confindustria Ceramica, established in Sassuolo (Italy),
      
      Verband der Keramischen Industrie eV, established in Selb (Germany),
      
      represented by R. Bierwagen, Rechtsanwalt,
      interveners at first instance,
      THE COURT (Eighth Chamber),
      composed of D. Šváby, President of the Chamber, J. Malenovský (Rapporteur) and M. Safjan, Judges, 
      Advocate General: M. Wathelet,
      Registrar: A. Calot Escobar,
      having regard to the written procedure,
      having decided, after hearing the Advocate General, to proceed to judgment without an Opinion,
      gives the following
      Judgment
      1        By its appeal, Photo USA Electronic Graphic Inc. (‘Photo USA’) seeks to have set aside the judgment of the General Court of
         the European Union of 18 November 2014 in Photo USA Electronic Graphic v Council (T‑394/13 (‘the judgment under appeal’), EU:T:2014:964), by which that court dismissed its application for annulment of Council
         Implementing Regulation (EU) No 412/2013 of 13 May 2013 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and collecting definitively
         the provisional duty imposed on imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in the People’s Republic of China
         (OJ 2013 L 131, p. 1) (‘the contested regulation’). 
      
       Legal context
       Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009
      2        Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of
         the European Community (OJ 2009 L 343, p. 51) (‘the basic regulation’) provides in Article 1 thereof, entitled ‘Principles’:
      
      ‘1.      An anti-dumping duty may be applied to any dumped product whose release for free circulation in the Community causes injury.
         
      
      2.      A product is to be considered as being dumped if its export price to the Community is less than a comparable price for the
         like product, in the ordinary course of trade, as established for the exporting country. 
      
      3.      The exporting country shall normally be the country of origin. However, it may be an intermediate country, except where, for
         example, the products are merely transhipped through that country, or the products concerned are not produced in that country,
         or there is no comparable price for them in that country. 
      
      4.      For the purpose of this Regulation, “like product” means a product which is identical, that is to say, alike in all respects,
         to the product under consideration, or in the absence of such a product, another product which, although not alike in all
         respects, has characteristics closely resembling those of the product under consideration.’ 
      
      3        Article 3(2) of the basic regulation provides as follows: 
      
      ‘A determination of injury shall be based on positive evidence and shall involve an objective examination of both: 
      (a)      the volume of the dumped imports and the effect of the dumped imports on prices in the Community market for like products;
         and 
      
      (b)      the consequent impact of those imports on the Community industry.’ 
      4        According to Article 3(7) of the basic regulation: 
      
      ‘Known factors other than the dumped imports which at the same time are injuring the Community industry shall also be examined
         to ensure that injury caused by these other factors is not attributed to the dumped imports under paragraph 6. Factors which
         may be considered in this respect include the volume and prices of imports not sold at dumping prices, contraction in demand
         or changes in the patterns of consumption, restrictive trade practices of, and competition between, third country and Community
         producers, developments in technology and the export performance and productivity of the Community industry.’
      
      5        Article 20 of the basic regulation states as follows: 
      
      ‘1.      The complainants, importers and exporters and their representative associations, and representatives of the exporting country,
         may request disclosure of the details underlying the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which provisional
         measures have been imposed. Requests for such disclosure shall be made in writing immediately following the imposition of
         provisional measures, and the disclosure shall be made in writing as soon as possible thereafter. 
      
      2.      The parties mentioned in paragraph 1 may request final disclosure of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of
         which it is intended to recommend the imposition of definitive measures, or the termination of an investigation or proceedings
         without the imposition of measures, particular attention being paid to the disclosure of any facts or considerations which
         are different from those used for any provisional measures. 
      
      3.      Requests for final disclosure, as defined in paragraph 2, shall be addressed to the Commission in writing and be received,
         in cases where a provisional duty has been applied, no later than one month after publication of the imposition of that duty.
         Where a provisional duty has not been applied, parties shall be provided with an opportunity to request final disclosure within
         time-limits set by the Commission. 
      
      4.      Final disclosure shall be given in writing. It shall be made, due regard being had to the protection of confidential information,
         as soon as possible and, normally, no later than one month prior to a definitive decision or the submission by the Commission
         of any proposal for final action pursuant to Article 9. Where the Commission is not in a position to disclose certain facts
         or considerations at that time, these shall be disclosed as soon as possible thereafter. Disclosure shall not prejudice any
         subsequent decision which may be taken by the Commission or the Council but where such decision is based on any different
         facts and considerations, these shall be disclosed as soon as possible. 
      
      5.      Representations made after final disclosure is given shall be taken into consideration only if received within a period to
         be set by the Commission in each case, which shall be at least 10 days, due consideration being given to the urgency of the
         matter.’ 
      
       The contested regulation 
      6        The contested regulation was adopted on the basis of the basic regulation. Recital 29 of the contested regulation states as
         follows:
      
      ‘After the publication of provisional measures and again after final disclosure, a German importer and wholesaler and a Chinese
         cooperating exporting producer claimed that specially coated stoneware products of a kind for sublimation printing and for
         which the coating of sublimation is removable through mechanical scratching should be excluded from the product scope on the
         basis that they are semi-finished products for which the photofinishing is carried out in the Union via specific channels,
         the different consumer perception, the fact that the sublimation coating exceeds the value of the uncoated ceramic items and
         the inexistency of Union producers of this kind of product. The investigation revealed that the product is visibly identical
         to other non-sublimated tableware and, therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between them, if at all. The investigation
         further showed that these products normally have the same end-use as other types of ceramic tableware. It was also found that
         several Union producers manufacture these products and that Union-made and imported products are in direct competition. In
         view of the above, the claim to exclude specially coated stoneware wares of a kind for sublimation printing is rejected.’
      
      7        Recital 169 of the contested regulation is worded as follows: 
      
      ‘The German cartel investigation, which investigates alleged price fixing from July 2005 to February 2008, is still on-going.
         As the Union producers have been granted confidentiality and in view of the fact that the final results of the German on-going
         investigation have not publicly been released yet, it is not possible to comment on the details of the analysis carried out.
         However, it can be confirmed that none of the sampled Union producers is subject to this on-going investigation. The investigation
         also concluded that the micro-economic indicators have not been affected by the investigated practices and the macro-economic
         indicators only to a very limited extent, if any.’
      
      8        The contested regulation provides in Article 1(1) thereof as follows: 
      
      ‘A definitive anti-dumping duty is hereby imposed on imports of ceramic tableware and kitchenware, excluding ceramic knives,
         ceramic condiment or spice mills and their ceramic grinding parts, ceramic peelers, ceramic knife sharpeners and cordierite
         ceramic pizza-stones of a kind used for baking pizza or bread, currently falling within CN codes ex 6911 10 00, ex 6912 00 10,
         ex 6912 00 30, ex 6912 00 50 and ex 6912 00 90 (TARIC codes 6911 10 00 90, 6912 00 10 11, 6912 00 10 91, 6912 00 30 10, 6912 00 50
         10 and 6912 00 90 10) and originating in [China].’ 
      
       Background to the dispute
      9        Photo USA is a Chinese company which produces and exports plain polyester-coated ceramic mugs to the European Union (‘the
         mugs at issue’). 
      
      10      On 16 February 2012, the Commission initiated an anti-dumping proceeding to investigate the importation into the European
         Union of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in China. The investigation covered the period from 1 January to 31 December
         2011 and the examination of the periods relevant for the assessment of injury covered the period from 1 January 2008 to the
         end of the investigation period.
      
      11      On 14 November 2012, the Commission adopted Regulation (EU) No 1072/2012 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports
         of ceramic tableware and kitchenware originating in the People’s Republic of China (OJ 2012 L 318, p. 28). 
      
      12      Photo USA submitted observations to the Commission at a hearing on 23 January 2013. It requested in particular that the mugs
         at issue be excluded from the products concerned by the investigation.
      
      13      On 4 February 2013, Photo USA submitted additional observations to the Commission. 
      
      14      On 1 March 2013, Photo USA received from the Commission the final disclosure document provided for in Article 20 of the basic
         regulation. That document states that the request for the exclusion of mugs at issue from the scope of the investigation had
         been rejected. 
      
      15      On 22 March 2013, Photo USA submitted additional observations to the Commission. 
      
      16      On 15 May 2013, upon the proposal of the Commission, the Council published the contested regulation imposing a definitive
         anti-dumping duty on the imports concerned with effect from 16 May 2013. 
      
      17      As is apparent from Article 1(1) of the contested regulation, the Council rejected the request for the mugs at issue to be
         excluded from the definition of the products concerned by the investigation. 
      
      18      Under Article 1(2) of the contested regulation, a definitive anti-dumping duty of 17.9% was imposed on Photo USA. 
      
       The proceedings before the General Court and the judgment under appeal
      19      By application lodged at the Registry of the General Court on 2 August 2013, Photo USA brought an action for annulment of
         the contested regulation. In support of its action, Photo USA raised four pleas in law. The General Court rejected all those
         pleas in the judgment under appeal.
      
      20      The first plea concerned the definition of the goods covered by the investigation. The appellant contested the Council’s inclusion
         of the mugs at issue in the definition of those goods. 
      
      21      The appellant argued that the Council had made manifest errors of assessment in identifying, in recital 29 of the contested
         regulation, three factors justifying the inclusion of the mugs at issue in the definition of the goods concerned by the investigation.
         The first factor relied on by the Council for including those mugs in that definition was that they were visually identical
         to other non-sublimated tableware and that it was difficult to distinguish between them, if not impossible. The second factor
         put forward by the Council was that those mugs had the same end-use as other types of ceramic tableware. Lastly, the Council
         stated, by way of third factor, that several EU producers manufactured that type of product and that EU-made and imported
         products were in direct competition.
      
      22      The General Court examined those three factors in turn. 
      
      23      As regards the first factor, the General Court concluded, at the end of its examination in paragraph 39 of the judgment under
         appeal, that the Council erred in finding that the mugs at issue were visually identical to other non-sublimated tableware.
         According to the General Court, that factor was irrelevant to the present case as the different categories of goods included
         in the definition of the goods concerned by the investigation are not in any way visually similar. The fact that goods belonging
         to the same more restricted category, namely ceramic mugs, are visually similar is, therefore, according to the General Court,
         irrelevant for the purpose of determining whether or not they fall within the more general category of goods concerned by
         the investigation. 
      
      24      As regards the second factor, the General Court considered, at paragraph 38 of the judgment under appeal, that the appellant
         had failed to show that the end-use of the mugs at issue differed substantially from that of other ceramic tableware and cookware.
         
      
      25      With regard to the third factor, the General Court stated, in paragraph 37 of the judgment under appeal, that the fact that
         there are producers of the mugs at issue within the European Union was not determinative; what was decisive, on the other
         hand, was the fact that those mugs were in competition with other goods manufactured in the European Union, which had been
         demonstrated to be the case here. 
      
      26      The second plea concerned in particular the contention that the fair comparison required pursuant to Article 2(10) of the
         basic regulation between the normal value and the export price had not been made. The General Court stated, in paragraph 62
         of the judgment under appeal, that the appellant had not put forward any argument capable of calling the Commission’s analysis
         into question. 
      
      27      The third plea alleged that the EU institutions had made a manifest error in their assessment, under Article 3(7) of the basic
         regulation, of the causal connection between the dumped imports and the injury suffered by the EU industry. The argument put
         forward by the appellant was that the Bundeskartellamt (the German competition authority) had investigated potentially anti-competitive
         practices in Germany but the EU institutions had failed to take this into account in their assessment. 
      
      28      The General Court stated, in that regard, in paragraph 73 of the judgment under appeal, that the investigation by the German
         competition authority was still ongoing when the contested regulation was adopted and that it could not therefore be said
         that it had been established that restrictive practices existed. That court also stated, in paragraph 81 of the judgment under
         appeal, that the period covered by the investigation carried out by that national authority and that covered by the anti-dumping
         investigation overlapped by only two months and that the German market in question accounted for no more than 16% of the EU
         market, not 53% as claimed by the appellant. 
      
      29      The General Court also examined the Commission’s assessment of the microeconomic factors and stated, in paragraph 78 of the
         judgment under appeal, that the appellant had failed to produce any evidence capable of calling that institution’s conclusion
         into question, the appellant having failed to demonstrate that the alleged anti-competitive practices investigated by the
         German competition authority had affected the microeconomic indicators analysed. The General Court also corrected, in paragraph 76
         of the judgment under appeal, what it considered to be the appellant’s erroneous interpretation of recital 169 of the contested
         regulation, and was thus able to reject the appellant’s request for a measure of inquiry requiring the Council to submit the
         relevant evidence concerning the composition of the sample taken into consideration by the institutions. 
      
      30      Lastly, the General Court found, in paragraph 80 of the judgment under appeal, that the Council had not erred in finding that
         the macroeconomic indicators could be affected only to a very limited extent by the practices in question. 
      
      31      As regards the fourth plea, alleging infringement of the provision of the basic regulation relating to the determination of
         injury, the General Court rejected that plea, noting, in paragraphs 88 and 89 of the judgment under appeal, that that plea
         alleged an error on the part of the institutions, a claim that was rejected in connection with the third plea. 
      
       Forms of order sought by the parties
      32      Photo USA claims that the Court should: 
      
      –        set aside the judgment under appeal; 
      –        annul the contested regulation; and 
      –        order the Council to pay the costs. 
      33      The Council contends that the Court should: 
      
      –        dismiss the appeal in its entirety as inadmissible and unfounded; and
      –        order the appellant to pay the costs. 
      34      The Commission, Ancàp SpA, Ceramie-Unie AISBL, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie eVcontend that
         the Court should:
      
      –        dismiss the appeal as inadmissible and, in any event, as unfounded; and 
      –        order the appellant to pay the costs. 
       The appeal
       The first ground of appeal, alleging that an unreasonable burden of proof was imposed on the appellant
       Arguments of the parties
      35      By its first ground of appeal, Photo USA takes issue with the General Court for imposing on it an unreasonable burden of proof,
         since it was established in the judgment under appeal that the Council misinterpreted two of the three factors deemed relevant
         for the inclusion of the mugs at issue in the definition of the goods concerned by the investigation. The General Court nonetheless
         took the view that it was for the appellant to show that an error had been made in respect of all the factors identified.
         In particular, the General Court found that the first factor relied on by the Council, relating to the claim that those mugs
         were visually identical to other ceramic tableware and kitchenware, was incorrect. It also found that the Council had erred
         insofar as concerns the third factor, relating to the presence of producers of the mugs at issue within the European Union.
         The fact that the General Court established that two of the three factors identified by the Council to justify the inclusion
         of the mugs at issue in the definition of the goods concerned by the investigation are vitiated by errors of assessment should
         have been sufficient for it to be concluded that the appellant had discharged the burden of proof. 
      
      36      In support of its position, Photo USA relies on paragraph 132 of the judgment of 4 March 2010 in Brosmann Footwear (HK) and Others v Council (T‑401/06, EU:T:2010:67), from which it follows that the appellant is not required to prove an error of assessment in relation
         to each of the factors deemed relevant by the institutions. 
      
      37      The Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie contend that
         the first ground of appeal should be dismissed on the basis that it is inadmissible and unfounded. They state, first, that
         it is apparent from paragraph 51 of the judgment under appeal that the General Court concluded that the Council had made an
         error in respect of only one of the three factors in question and that the appellant’s contention, as set out in paragraph 35
         above, is therefore a distortion of the judgment under appeal. Second, the burden of proof imposed on the appellant was not
         unreasonable and follows directly from the General Court’s case-law, in particular from the judgment of 4 March 2010 in Brosmann Footwear (HK) and Others v Council (T‑401/06, EU:T:2010:67). 
      
       Findings of the Court
      38      As a preliminary point, it should be noted, with regard to the first factor referred to by the appellant, that the General
         Court did in fact conclude, in paragraph 39 of the judgment under appeal, that the Council had erred in finding, to justify
         the inclusion of the mugs at issue in the definition of the goods concerned by the investigation, that they were visually
         identical to other types of ceramic tableware and kitchenware. 
      
      39      As regards the second factor identified by the Council, it should be noted that the appellant has not called into question
         the General Court’s finding that there is no evidence in the file to justify the conclusion that the end use of the mugs at
         issue differs substantially from that of other ceramic tableware and kitchenware. 
      
      40      As regards the third factor, contrary to what the appellant claims, the General Court did not find that the Council had made
         an error. 
      
      41      Indeed, the General Court stated, in paragraph 37 of the judgment under appeal, that that factor in fact consists of two sub-factors,
         it being necessary, first, to establish whether in the present case there are producers of the mugs at issue in the European
         Union and, second, to establish whether those mugs are in competition with other goods manufactured in the European Union.
         
      
      42      The General Court considered in that regard that, in the present case, the fact that there may not be producers of the mugs
         at issue in the European Union was not determinative, and that the decisive question was whether such mugs may be, on account
         of their characteristics and, therefore, the perception which consumers have of them, in competition with other goods of European
         Union production. It was indeed specifically established in the present case that those mugs were in competition with other
         goods manufactured in the European Union. 
      
      43      It follows from the above considerations that, in support of its decision to reject the appellant’s argument that the mugs
         at issue should have been excluded from the definition of the goods in question, the General Court relied on the second and
         third factors. 
      
      44      In so doing, the General Court did not err in law and, in particular, it did not impose an unreasonable burden of proof on
         the appellant 
      
      45      It was for the appellant to prove that the Council had erred in its assessment of the factors which it considered relevant
         when the General Court found that the Council had erred in its interpretation with regard to just one of those factors. 
      
      46      It follows that, while the General Court found that an error had been made in relation to the first factor, the appellant
         was required to show that the Council had erred insofar as concerns the other factors under consideration. 
      
      47      The first ground of appeal must therefore also be rejected as unfounded. 
      
       The second ground of appeal, alleging distortion of the facts and evidence
       Arguments of the parties
      48      By its second ground of appeal, Photo USA claims that the General Court distorted the facts and evidence by asserting, in
         paragraph 37 of the judgment under appeal, that mugs of the kind at issue were produced in the European Union. According to
         Photo USA, there is nothing in the file submitted to the General Court to suggest that such goods are actually produced. 
      
      49      According to the Council, whose view is shared by the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband
         der Keramischen Industrie, the second ground of appeal is inadmissible. By that ground, Photo USA is calling into question
         the General Court’s assessment of the facts and evidence and is asking the Court to re-examine them. The second ground of
         appeal is also unfounded. 
      
       Findings of the Court
      50      It is clear from Article 256 TFEU and the first paragraph of Article 58 of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European
         Union that the General Court has exclusive jurisdiction, first, to find the facts, except where the substantive inaccuracy
         of its findings is apparent from the documents submitted to it, and, second, to assess those facts. 
      
      51      It follows that the Court of Justice has no jurisdiction to establish the facts or, in principle, to examine the evidence
         which the General Court accepted in support of those facts. Provided that that evidence has been properly obtained and the
         general principles of law and the rules of procedure in relation to the burden of proof and the taking of evidence have been
         observed, it is for the General Court alone to assess the value to be attached to the evidence produced before it. Save where
         the clear sense of the evidence has been distorted, that appraisal does not therefore constitute a point of law which is subject
         as such to review by the Court of Justice (judgment of 11 September 2014 in Gem-Year Industrial and Jinn-Well Auto-Parts (Zhejiang) v Council, C‑602/12 P, not published, EU:C:2014:2203, paragraph 37). 
      
      52      Such distortion must, nonetheless, be obvious from the documents on the Court’s file, without there being any need to carry
         out a new assessment of the facts and the evidence (judgment of 11 September 2014 in Gem-Year Industrial and Jinn-Well Auto-Parts (Zhejiang) v Council, C‑602/12 P, not published, EU:C:2014:2203, paragraph 38).
      
      53      The Court finds that it is not obvious from the arguments put forward in connection with the second ground of appeal that
         the facts and evidence were distorted, as claimed by the appellant. 
      
      54      It follows that the second ground of appeal must be rejected as unfounded. 
      
       The third and sixth grounds of appeal, alleging misinterpretation and infringement of Article 3(2) and (7) of the basic regulation
       Arguments of the parties
      55      By its third ground of appeal, the appellant contends that the General Court erred in its interpretation of Article 3(2) and
         (7) of the basic regulation, in that it considered that the institutions were relieved of any obligation to analyse the impact
         of anti-competitive practices because, even though the German competition authority was conducting an investigation, it was
         common ground that that authority had not taken a final decision at the time the contested regulation was adopted. 
      
      56      Moreover, by its sixth ground of appeal, Photo USA alleges infringement of Article 3(2) and (7) of the basic regulation, in
         so far as the General Court found, on the basis of an assumption rather than analysis, that the institutions had fulfilled
         their obligations under those provisions. 
      
      57      The Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie consider that
         the third and sixth grounds of appeal are inadmissible and, in any event, unfounded. 
      
      58      They consider that, contrary to what is claimed by the appellant, the General Court did not relieve the institutions of their
         obligation to analyse the impact of anti-competitive practices in connection with an anti-dumping investigation. On the contrary,
         in paragraphs 76 to 78, 80 and 81 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court confirmed that the institutions had examined
         the impact of the suspected practices. 
      
      59      In that regard, the General Court was entitled to take the view that the Council and the Commission, in the absence of any
         formal decision by the German competition authority, could not draw any concrete conclusions from the investigation being
         carried out by that authority. The General Court was also correct to confirm the Council’s and the Commission’s assessments
         because, first, the General Court’s conclusions are based on the Commission’s analysis, which concluded that the practices
         investigated had no impact, and, second, Photo USA did not produce any evidence to challenge the institutions’ finding in
         that regard. 
      
      60      The Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie also claim
         that the General Court examined in detail the analysis carried out by the institutions with regard to macroeconomic factors.
         
      
       Findings of the Court
      61      Article 3(2) of the basic regulation provides that a determination of injury is to be based on positive evidence and involves
         an objective examination of both (i) the volume of the dumped imports and the effect of the dumped imports on prices in the
         EU market for like products, and (ii) the consequent impact of those imports on the EU industry. 
      
      62      Article 3(7) of the basic regulation provides that known factors other than the dumped imports which could at the same time
         be injuring the EU industry are also to be examined to ensure that injury caused by these other factors is not attributed
         to the dumped imports. Factors which may be considered in this respect include restrictive trade practices of, and competition
         between, third country and EU producers.
      
      63      Furthermore, it is settled case-law that the determination of injury caused to the EU industry requires an appraisal of complex
         economic situations and judicial review of such an appraisal must therefore be limited to verifying whether relevant procedural
         rules have been complied with, whether the facts relied on have been accurately stated, and whether there has been a manifest
         error in the appraisal of those facts or a misuse of powers. That is particularly the case as regards the determination of
         the factors injuring the EU industry in an anti-dumping investigation (judgment of 10 September 2015 in Bricmate, C‑569/13, EU:C:2015:572, paragraph 46 and the case-law cited). 
      
      64      In the present case, it is common ground, as the General Court observed in point 73 of the judgment under appeal, that at
         the time the contested regulation was adopted, the German competition authority’s investigation was still ongoing. The institutions
         were not therefore entitled, when examining whether there was injury, to regard as known facts the future results of that
         investigation, which was still pending. 
      
      65      That being the case, it is apparent from paragraphs 77 to 83 of the judgment under appeal that, first, the General Court did
         not relieve the institutions of their obligation to analyse anti-competitive practices. Indeed, the General Court endorsed
         the institutions’ analysis as regards microeconomic and macroeconomic factors and did not, therefore, have recourse to assumptions.
         
      
      66      Second, the General Court carried out a judicial review of the institutions’ assessments, in accordance with the requirements
         set out in paragraph 63 above. 
      
      67      Accordingly, the third and sixth grounds of appeal must be rejected as unfounded.
      
       The fourth ground of appeal, alleging distortion of the evidence and an error of law
       Arguments of the parties
      68      By its fourth ground of appeal, the appellant claims, first, distortion of the evidence insofar as concerns the microeconomic
         factors referred to in recital 169 of the contested regulation, on the basis that the General Court considered that it was
         able to review whether the institutions had complied with Article 3(2) and (7) of the basic regulation without knowing the
         identity of the EU producers forming part of the sample taken into account in the anti-dumping investigation. 
      
      69      The appellant also contends that the General Court erred in law in refusing its request for measures of inquiry. 
      
      70      The Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie contend that
         the Court should reject the fourth ground of appeal as unfounded, as the appellant has based its arguments on a misinterpretation
         of recital 169 of the contested regulation. That recital clearly states that it may be confirmed that none of the EU producers
         forming part of the sample were investigated by the German competition authority. It was possible to conclude, on the basis
         of the investigation, that the microeconomic indicators had not been affected by the practices under examination and that
         the macroeconomic indicators had been affected only to a limited extent. 
      
      71      With regard to the claim that the General Court erred in law, the Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria
         Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie agree in saying that that amounts to a criticism of a procedural decision of
         the General Court and must therefore be rejected as inadmissible. 
      
       Findings of the Court
      72      In the first place, the appellant alleges distortion of the facts and evidence insofar as the General Court carried out its
         review without knowing the identity of the EU producers that formed part of the sample taken into account in the anti-dumping
         investigation and, therefore, without being able to verify whether some of those producers were also being investigated by
         the German competition authority. 
      
      73      In that regard, the appellant is incorrect in its view that it was necessary for the General Court to be aware of the identity
         of the EU producers forming part of the sample taken into account in the anti-dumping investigation in order to be in a position
         to ascertain whether some of those producers were also being investigated by the German competition authority. The true position
         is that the General Court’s review was carried out on the basis of other aspects of the anti-dumping investigation, namely
         the microeconomic indicators, such as stocks, sale prices, profitability, capital flow, wages and the cost of production.
         
      
      74      As a result of that incorrect premiss on the part of the appellant, its argument alleging that the General Court distorted
         facts and evidence relates to an aspect of the case which was not in fact taken into account by that court for the purpose
         of its review. The claim alleging distortion is therefore unfounded. 
      
      75      In the second place, for the same reason relating to that incorrect premiss, the General Court cannot be criticised for having
         refused the appellant’s request for a measure of inquiry. 
      
      76      It follows that the fourth ground of appeal must be rejected as unfounded. 
      
       The fifth ground of appeal, alleging that an unreasonable burden of proof was imposed on the appellant
       Arguments of the parties
      77      By its fifth ground of appeal, the appellant claims that the General Court imposed on it an unreasonable burden of proof,
         requiring it to demonstrate the error made by the institutions, even though it did not have available to it the relevant information
         concerning the German competition authority’s ongoing investigation. 
      
      78      The Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica and Verband der Keramischen Industrie contend that
         the fifth ground of appeal is unfounded as the General Court applied the general principles derived from its case-law concerning
         the burden of proof and Photo USA failed to adduce any evidence to challenge the institutions’ submissions on that point.
         
      
       Findings of the Court
      79      The Court has previously held that it is for the parties pleading the illegality of a regulation such as the regulation at
         issue to adduce evidence to show the impact of factors capable of having an effect on the injury caused to the EU industry.
         Such parties must show in particular that those factors could have had such an impact that the claim alleging injury to the
         EU industry and a causal link between that injury and the dumped imports could not be relied on (see, to that effect, judgment
         of 19 December 2013 in Transnational Company ‘Kazchrome’ and ENRC Marketing v Council, C‑10/12 P, not published, EU:C:2013:865, paragraph 28). 
      
      80      In the present case, it is apparent from paragraphs 74 and 75 above that the appellant based its dispute concerning the contested
         regulation before the General Court on an incorrect premiss.
      
      81      In the absence of the results of the investigation pending before the German competition authority, the Council took into
         account, in adopting the contested regulation, the findings of the Commission’s investigation, which concluded that the microeconomic
         indicators had not been affected by the practices under examination and that the macroeconomic indicators had been affected
         only to a limited extent. 
      
      82      Accordingly, an unreasonable burden of proof was not imposed on the appellant. In order to challenge the contested regulation,
         it should have adduced evidence that called into question the Commission’s investigation and the Council’s conclusions and
         it was not necessary for that purpose for it to be apprised of the information pertaining to the ongoing investigation before
         the German competition authority. 
      
      83      It follows that the fifth ground of appeal must be rejected as unfounded. 
      
      84      It follows from all the foregoing that the appeal must be dismissed in its entirety as unfounded. 
      
       Costs
      85      Under Article 138(1) of the Court’s Rules of Procedure, which apply to the procedure on appeal by virtue of Article 184(1)
         of those rules, the unsuccessful party must be ordered to pay the costs if they have been applied for in the successful party’s
         pleadings. As Photo USA has been unsuccessful and the Council, the Commission, Ancàp, Ceramie-Unie, Confindustria Ceramica
         and Verband der Keramischen Industrie have applied for costs, Photo USA must be ordered to pay the costs. 
      
      On those grounds, the Court (Eighth Chamber) hereby:
      1.      Dismisses the appeal;
      2.      Orders Photo USA Electronic Graphic Inc. to pay the costs.
      [Signatures]
      * Language of the case: English.