CELEX: 51973PC0595
Language: en
Date: 1973-04-18
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO COLD-WATER METERS (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES
DE LA COMMISSION
COLLECTION RELIEE DES
DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (73) 595
Vol. 1973/0120
 ---pagebreak--- Disclaimer
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In accordance with Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 354/83 of 1 February 1983
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                             COM(73 ) 595 final
                                                       Brussels , 18 April 1973
                                                 i
                                  PROPOSAL FOR A
                        ,   COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OÎT THE
                   APPROXIMATION OP THE LAWS OP TEE MEMBER STATES
                          RELATING TO COLD-WATER METERS
                ( submitted, to *the Council Toy the Commission)
   COM(73) 595 final
 ---pagebreak---                                                          111/974/7 2/rev , 2-E
                                     AIMS
 This Directive is laid down pursuant to Article 100 of the Treaty and in
 conjunction with Council Directive of 26 July 1971 ^ on the approximation
 of the laws of the Member States relating to common provisions for both
measuring instruments and methods of metrological control .
 The aim of this Directive is to remove the technical barriers to intra-
 Cornmunity trade which exist at present with regard to water meters owing
to the disparity in the national laws governing such meters in the Member
States .
A comparative study of the systems used for water meters in the Member
States showed that the differences related not only to the technical
specifications for construction and to the conditions of use , but also to
the precision and the control methods applied to these meters before they
are marketed and used .
The situation with regard to trade is similar , for manufacturers are
compelled to diversify their production in order to take into account
the regulations in force in the Member State in which the water meters
are to be used , and controls have to be repeated and carried out in
different ways .
Since present national laws are justified by the rightful desire to
protect the consumer and the user , the harmonization of these laws seems
to be the only suitable method of removing the difficulties resulting
from their divergence and of creating the conditions recfuired for
establishing the common market .
( 1 ) OJ No L 202 , 6 September 1971 .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 2 -                   111/974/7 2/reVo 2-E
 Population growth , urbanization , sanitation , modern living and
 industrialization have necessitated the user of ever-increasing
 quantities of water in specific areas , and facilities already in
 existence , such as wells , aqueducts , etc ., have had to he supplemented
by larger and larger installations ..
 In the countries of the European Economic Community the water require­
ments which have to be met now constitute a difficult and costly
problem :   the water has to be obtained and then distributed in
accordance with precise bacteriological standards .      From a common , freely
available , cheap substance , at least in most of the temperate regions
in the Community , water has become a precious commodity the price of
which is constantly rising .
Local distribution services , both public and private , have for a long
time been content to supply water for a " lump sum " on the basis of
varying criteria :   number of inhabitants , size of the area served , etc .
The amounts paid by users were not in proportion to the quantities
consumed , and allowed considerable wastage to occur .
It has gradually become necessary to measure water by means of meters
which give a sufficiently accurate indication of the quantities of water
used .
This is the origin of the water engineering industry , which covers } apart
from the manufacture of meters , the production of all the equipment
required for catchment and treatment and for invoicing on the basis of
periodical meter-readings .
The present situation as regards the measuring of water is as follows :
generally speaking , every new home is fitted with a household meter .       As
approximately two million new homes are built every year in the Community ,
an equivalent number of new meters are installed every year .       As existing
water meters ha\re to be replaced or repaired at least every 20 years , at
least the same number again should be estimated .      The production of meters
other than for household use , i.e. , larger or special meters , may be
estimated as being one-tenth of that of household meters for new homes ,
their average cost being of an at least comparable order .
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 3 -                    III/974/7 2/r ev. 2-E
On the basis of an average value of 10 u.a . for small meters , the
production of water meters would alone represent a value of more than
60 million u.a.   The turnover "based on the use of these meters is
difficult to estimate as the price of water varies from 0.2 to. more than
0.5 u.a . per cubic metre and the number of meters in use is difficult to
calculate .  If a figure of 50 million is taken as the number of meters
in use , registering on average 50 cubic metres of water a year at an
average price of 0.3 u.a ., the total reached would be 800 million u.a .
for the value of water consumed and invoiced .
In the light of all these figures , although only approximate , and the
fact that the price of water is being increased everywhere , owing to the
increasing expenditure for catchment , piping and treatment , it is possible
to appreciate the importance of harmonizing the conditions relating to
the construction , precision and calibration of water meters .
The technical Annex to the attached Directive has been drawn up in the
light of the opinions of government experts from Kember States and of
representatives of both constructors and users , i.e. , water distributors ,
with the aim , also , of protecting consumers 1 interests .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   - 4 -                           III/974/72/rev. 2-E
HAIÎMOETZATIOZT KETHCD
The method of harmonization used is of the type known as optional ,
similar to that used for most of the special Directives on measuring
instruments .                     The optional harmonization method is recognized in the
same way as the total harmonization method "by Council Directive of
26 July 1971 relating to common provisions for both measuring
instruments and methods of metrological control . The use of the
total method would raise serious problems unless the main body of
non-technical provisions , relating in particular to the use of water
meters and control charges, had been harmonized .
The adoption of the optional harmonization method means that water meters
which meet the requirements of this Directive may be freely marketed 'and
used throughout the Community and within individual Member States , as
may meters which have satisfactorily undergone national controls within
individual Member States .
CONSULTATION OP TH3 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE FECHOIIIC AND SOCIAL
–R T~ r - I l 'ili » 111 ni ■ • -1 1 111  UN MI mm ■■ ■■■ ■ 1 1 m 1 m 1 1 mi < 1 1 N ri u n N 1 MI ■ !■ ■■ 1 RI ir 1 - n
COÎMITTEE
The opinion of these two bodies is required under the second paragraph
of Article 100 .                         The implementation of the Directive will make it
necessary for certain Member States to amend their laws .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 5 -               111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                         AFiUTC TO THE LIST OF AI'ÏS
 Lavs relating to water meters in force m Member States
5SLCIUM
ITone
EElWARK
ITone
WEST GERÎIAÏJY
– Law relating to metrology and the verification of weights and measures
   ( Calibration Law - Eichgesetz ) of 11 July 1969°
– Rules on the verification of veights and measures in the version of the
   14th Regulation amending the rules on the verification of weights and
   measures 0
ERAÏÏCE
- Ordonnance Kb 45-2405 of 18 October 1945 on measuring the volume of
   liquids .
- Debret of 30 November 1944 issuing a government regulation on the
   control of measuring instruments .
- Secret No 72-535 of 10 May 1971 issuing a regulation on the category
   of measuring instruments represented by water meters .
– Arrête du Préfet de la Seine of 12 August 1957 »
IRELAED
Uone
ITALY
ITone
LUXEMEOURCr
None
KSTHBRLAMDS
ïïone
UNITED IŒMÏÏXM
None
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 6 -                 111/974/7 2/rev. 2-
                     PROPOSAL FOR A COTOICIL DIRECTIVE
          on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
                       relating to cold-water meters
               (presented "by the Commission to the Council )
THE COUNCIL OP TEE EUROPEAN COMMODITIES .
                                                                     I
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community ,
and in particular Article 100 thereof ;
Having regard to the Proposal from the Commission ;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament ;
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ;
Whereas in the Member States the construction and the methods of control
of water meters are subject to mandatory provisions which differ from
one Member State to another and thus hinder trade ; whereas these
provisions should therefore be approximated ;
Whereas Council Directive of 26 July 1971 ^"^ on the approximation of the
laws of the Member States relating to common provisions for both
measuring instruments and methods of metrological control laid down the
procedures for EEC pattern approval and EEC initial verification ; whereas
in accordance with this Directive , the technical requirements for the
design and functioning of water meters should be laid down ; whereas such
requirements must be met , and the controls must be carried out , and the
appropriate signs and marks affixed , before these instruments can be
freely imported , marketed and used ;
Whereas the abovementioned Directive also stipulates that the separate
directives may specify , where conditions allow, the date on which each
Member State will revoke the provisions of national origin applicable
to instruments covered by Community provisions ; whereas in this case ,
it is not yet possible to fix this date ;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE :
(l ) OJ No L 202 , 6 September 1971 .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 7 -                   111/974/7 2/reVo 2-E
                                  Article 1
This Directive shall apply to cold-water meters , which are integrating
measuring instruments for continuously determining the volume of water
 (and no other liquid ), passing through than , "by means of a direct
meohanical process involving the use of volumetric chambers with
movable walls or the action of the velocity of the water on the
rotation rate of a movable part (turbine , impeller , etc .). ' Water
shall be considered to be "cold " when its temperature is in the range
0-40°C.
                                  Article 2
Water meters which may bear the KiXJ marks and signs are described in
the Annex to this Directive .    These water meters comprise a measuring
device linked to ail indicating device .    They shall be subject to EEC
pattern approval and submitted to EEC initial verification .
                                  Article 3
No Member State may prevent , prohibit or restrict the placing on the
market or entry into service of ;ater meters bearing the ESC pattern
approval sign and the EEC initial verification mark .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 8 -                  111/974/7 2/ rev. 2-E
                                Article 4
1.   Member States shall put into force the laws , regulations and
     administrative provisions needed in order to comply with this
     Directive within eighteen months of its notification and shall
     forthwith inform the Commission thereof .
2.   Member States shall ensure that the text of the provisions of
   • national law which they adopt in the field covered by this
     Directive are communicated to the Commission ..
                                Article 5
This Directive is addressed to the Member States .
Done at Brussels .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 1 -                111/974/72/rev. 2-E
                                     ΑΙΐΝΕΧ
 I.   TER?HITOLOCT AKD BEFIHITI0H5
      1.1   Plow rate
The flow rate xs the volume of water passing through the meter per unit
time , the volume "being expressed in cubic metres or litres and the time
in hours , minutes or seconds .
      1.2   Volume celivered
The volume delivered, is the total volume of water passed through the
meter in a given time .
      1.3  Maximum flow rate
The maximum flow rate , Qp^-y , is the highest flow rate at which the meter
can function over brief periods without damage , and without exceeding
either the maximum permissible errors or the maximum pressure-loss value .
      1.4 Nominal flow rate ( Qr,)
The nominal flow rate , Qn , is equal to half the maximum flow rate , O^y .
It is expressed in cubic metres per hour and is used to designate the
meter .
At the nominal flow rate , Qn , the meter should be able to function in
normal use , i.e. , in continuous and intermittent operating conditions ,
without any change in its metrological capacities and without exceeding
the maximum permissible errors .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 2 -                111/974/7 2/rev. 2~E
                                                         AHHEX
      1.5 Minimum flow rate (Q^in)
 The minimum flow rate , Qmin, is the flow rate above which the maximum
 permissible errors must be taken into account .- It is fixed as a
 function of CL,.
      1.6  Flow range
The flow range of a water meter lies between the maximum and minimum
flow rates , Qmax and          It is divided into two regions , termed upper
and lower , with different maximum permissible errors .
      1.7 Transitional flow rate (Q-fc )
The transitional flow rate       is the flow rate which divides the upper
and lower regions of the flow range and the rate at which there is a
change in the maximum permissible errors .
      MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTER                  ■
    J      Maximum permissible errors
The maximum error permitted in the lower region, from Qmin inclusive
to Q-t non-inclusive , is « jfo.
The maximum error permitted in the upper region , from fy. inclusive to
CL. ' inclusive , is i 2
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 3 -               III/974/72/rev. 2-E
                                                        AHÏÏEX
      2.2  Characteristics of notrolo^ical classes
                       Classes
                                            Qn
                                  < 15 » A j >15 m"Vli
                      Class Aî
                        Sain      0.04         0.15 ^
                                  0.10         0.30 Q
                      Class B :
                        Snin      0.02
                                             | 0.04 \
                        %         0.03 Q.71  | C" 20 Sl
                                             1
                                \            I
                      Class C :
                                |            I
                        Sain    | 0.01 ^     I 0.006
                        %       I 0.015 ^    : 0.015
                                !
111 * TECHNOLOGICAL characteristics   ■
      3.1  Principle
The meters should be constructed in such a w?y as to ensure long tamper-
proof service and should conform with safety and public health regulations
under normal conditions of use .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 4 -                 in/974/72/rev. 2-E
                                                        AMEX
They should he capable of withstanding an accidental reversal of flow
without any deterioration or change in their metrological properties ,
and they should he capable of recording such a reduction.
      3.2  Materials
The various constituent parts of the meters may be constructed using
any material suited to normal use conditions , to the conditions relating
to public health and to :
     – mechanical strength
     – corrosion resistance
     – dimensional stability
     – behaviour in relation to temperature (0~40°C )
     -• behaviour in relation to deposits .
     3.3   Pressure-tightness . –• -
The meters must withstand - without functioning defect , out leakage ,
seepage through the walls or permanent deformation - the continuous
water pressure for which they are designed .  The minimum value of this
pressure is 10 bars .
                                  '           *
     3.4   Pressure loss
The pressure loss through the meter is determined by pattern approval
tests , and must not exceed one bar *
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 5 -                 111/974/7 2/rev. 2-
                                                          A1TWX
For certain patterns , the pressure loss may be less than one "bar .   Prom
the test results the patterns can be divided into four groups according
to their conformity with one of the following maximum values :    1 , 0.6 ,
0.3 and 0.1 "bar .  The relevant value is shown in the pattern approval
decision .
     3.5   Indicating device
                                 /
The indicating device must allow, "by simple juxtaposition of its various
constituent parts , a reliable , easy and unambiguous reading of the
volume of water measured , expressed in cubic metres . The volume is
given either by *
(a ) the position of one or more needles on circular dials ;
(b ) a rov/ of consecutive digits in one or more apertures ;
(c ) a combination of these two systems .
The cubic metre and its multiples are to be indicated in black , and
sub-multiples of the cubic metre are to be shown in red .
The visible height of the row of digits must be at least 4 mm .
On digital indicators (types (b ) and (c )) visible displacement of all
digits must be upwards .   If the reverse is the case , this shall be
indicated by an arrow .   The advance of any given digit must be completed
while the digit immediately following passes through the final one-tenth
of its advance .   A comma must be placed after the figure indicating the
number of cubic metres .
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 6 -                    IIl/974/72/reVo 2-H
                                                                  ΑΙΓιΤχ :
 Indicators of the dial type (a and c ) should rotate in a clockwise
 direction .    The values in cubic metres for each dial should be expressed
 as 10 x n f where n is a positive or negative whole number or zero , giving
 a system of consecutive decades .       The following should be shown near each
 dial :
        χ 1 000 , χ 100 , χ 10 , χ 1 , χ 0.1 . χ 0.01 , χ 0.001 .
The unit symbol m , which is the indication unit , should be shown either
on the dial or iramediat ely beside the digital indicator .
In both cases (dial and digital indicators ), the fastest graduated
component , which is the control component and is known as the "verification
unit ", should move continuously .       This control element may be permanent
or may be fitted temporarily by adding moving parts .
The length of the verification unit should be not less than 1 mm and not
more than 5 nun .    It consists either of contrasting bands equal in length
to the unit or of lines of equal thickness not exceeding one quarter of
the distance between the axes of two consecutive lines .           Only the length
of the lines may differ .
Ho ever , for a period of five years commencing with the implementation
of this Directive ,
        (a ) downwards advance of digits will be permissible , this movement
             being indicated by an arrow ;
        (b ) the length of the scale division may be 0.8 mm .
        3.6  Number of f-'.g?i.res and values of verification unit
It must be possible for the indicating device to record , without
returning to zero , a volume , expressed in cubic metres , corresponding
to at least 1 999 hours' operation at the nominal flow rate .
The verification unit must be small enough to ensure , when verification
is being carried out , a measurement inaccuracy of 0.5$, allowing for a
possible read-out error of 1 mm , and small enough to need only a fairly
low minimum flow rate such that the test does not take more than one
and a half hours .
 ---pagebreak---                                                            111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                                                          AHHEX
A supplementary device (star , disc with a reference mark, etc .) may be
 added in order to show the movement of the measuring device "before this
becomes clearly visible on the indicating device .
      3.7   Regulating device
The meters may be fitted with a regulating davice'with which it is
possible to alter the relationship between the volume indicated and the
volume actually passed. This device is compulsory for meters which
make use of the action of the velocity of the water on the rotation of
a movable part .
      3 . 8 Accelerating device
The use of an accelerating device for increasing the speed of the meter
below G.     is prohibited .
IV .  MARXS AKD IHSCRIFTIOHS
      4 .1  Identification inscriptions
It is compulsory for all meters to carry, in a legible and indelible
manner , either separately or in a group , on the meter casing, the
indicating device , or the indication plate , the following information:
      (a) name or trade naae of the manufacturer or his trademark,
      (b ) metrological class and nominal flow rate         in cubic metres
            per hour ,
      (c )  pattern, year of ' manufacture, serial number ,
      (d )  an arrow showing the direction of flow,
      (e )  the ESC pattern approval symbol ,
      (f)   the pressure in bars if it can be higher than 10 bars ,
      (g)   "vertical" or "horizontal " if the meter can operate in only
            one of these two positions ,
      (h) any special features .
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 8 -               111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                                                         AITNEX
       4»2    Placing of seals
Meters should "bear seals which prevent access to the internal components !
 in particular , it should "be necessary to destroy a seal in order to gain
access to the regulating device .
       4.3    Placing of verification narks
Space should be set aside on an essential part (normally the meter casing),
which is visible without dismantling, for the EEC verification marks .
V. ,   PATTERU APFROVAL
       5.1    Procédure
The procedure for pattern approval v.'ill be carried out in accordance
with the Directive relating to common provisions for both measuring
instruments and methods of metrological control .
     v 5.2    Pattern tests
When it has been ascertained from the application file that the pattern
conforms with the provisions of this Directive , laboratory tests will be
carried out on a number of instruments under the following conditions :
            ■ 5.2.1  Number of meters to be tested
The number, of meters to be submitted by the manufacturer is as shown in
the following tables
                                                                 •/.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 9-                  111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                                                         AMEDC
                ITominal flowrate, Qn> m-'/h
                      :
                                                    j
                                                    I
                                                      Eumber of meters
     I Up to and including 5                                 10
     f More than 5 and up to and including 50                 6
     [ Ilore than 50 and up to and including 1 000
     I More than 1 000                                        1
            5.2.2  Pressure
For the metrological tests ( 5.2.4 ), "the pressure at the meter outlet
should be at least 0.2 bar higher than the ambient atmospheric pressure .
            5.2.3 Test equiTiment
The meters are usually tested individually and , in each case , in such a
way as to demonstrate the individual characteristics of each .
The metrological service of the Ilembor State will lay down the provisions
required to ensure a relative maximum inaccuracy of 0.2$ in the measurement
of the volume , account being taken of the different causes of error in
installation .
The maximum permissible inaccuracy with regard to the measurement of the
pressure is 2^.
During each test , the relative variation in the flow rates should not
exceed
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 10 -               III/ 974/72/rev . 2-E
                                                          AITFEX
Irrespective of the place in which these tests are carried out ,
installation should be approved "by the metrology service of the Member
State concerned .
            5-2.4   Test procédure
The tests comprise the following' operations , carried out in the order
shown :
      ( 1 ) pressure-tightness tests ,
      ( 2 ) determination of the error curves on the basis of the flow
            rate "by ascertaining the effect of the pressure and taking
            into account the installation conditions ( straight sections
            upstream and downstream , throttling, obstacles , etc .)
            stipulated by the manufacturer ,
     ( 3 ) determination of pressure losses ,
     (4 )   accelerated endurance test .
The pressure-tightness study comprises the following two tests :
     (l )   each meter should be able to withstand , without leakage or
            seepage through the walls , a pressure of 1.6 times the
            maximum operating pressure , applied for a period of
            15 minutes ,
     (2)    each meter should be able to withstand , without any damage
            or blockage , a pressure twice the maximum operating pressure ,
            applied for a period of one minute .
Tests ( 2 ) and (3 ) should provide a sufficient number of points to enable
the curves to be plotted adequately from start-up to maximum flow rate .
The accelerated endurance test is to be carried out as follows :
 ---pagebreak---                                             - 11 -                    111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                                                                      AIŒEX
                                                                         I Period of     Durât ion of
   Hominal                                      IJumber     Durât ion
flow rate Q-.,
                    χ 65 υ        Type of          of       of pauses
                                                                         I operation       start-up
   in m3/h
                 flow rate           test
                                                cycles        ( sec )    [ at t est      and run-dovjn
                                                                         | flow rate         ( sec )
                                                                                     ]
                              dise ont muous    100 000          5     !   5 sec  .             1
                                                                       I
Qn*5             2Q*          continuous                                   100 h
                                              t         I             J
                 0.5 ^        discontinuous     100 000        10          0.20/q/* 0.15/Oy*
                                                                           with a        with a
                                                                           minimum       minimum of
                                                                           of 5-         5 seconds
5 < SL 4100                                                                seconds
                            1
                            I continuous                                   100 h
               I
                 2Qh        l continuous
                            \
                            ï
                                                                           100 h
               1            f
               r            I
                                                                         I
                                                                         !
                                              1           i
               I 0.5 Ql     | continuous                                 ' 300 h
                                                                         i
               Λ            1 continuous                                 i 500 h
                                                                         I             1
Q > 100
                              continuous                                 ; 100 h
                              continuous                                   100 h
        /%/       a num*)er e<Tu-al "to the value of Qn expressed in m /h.
        All the tests are to be carried out at the average temperature of
        the water in the laboratory .
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 12 -                III/974/7 2/r ev. 2-S
                                                             AMEX
Before the first test and after each series of tests the measuring errors
must "be determined , as a minimum requirement , at the following flow rates :
      Snin " Qt ** 0,3 Si " °° 5 Si " 1 Si ~ 2 Si'
             5.2.5   Pattern approval decision
A water-meter pattern will "be approved if it fulfils the following
oond.it ions :
      (a)   it conforms with the 'administrative and technical provisions
            of this Directive and the Annex thereto ;
      (b ) -tests 1-3 under paragraph 5° 2.4 show that it conforms with
            Parts I and II of this Annex as regards metrological and
            technological characteristics ;
      ( c ) after test 4 under paragraph 5=2.4 no variation greater than
            2e'L between Qt, and QTiax or greater
                                          &
                                                  than 3$' between ©iTim
                                                                      . and Qt,
            has been observed .
VI .  INITIAL VERIFICATION
This will be carried out in a place approved by the metrology service of
the Member State .     The layout of the promises and the test equipment
should be such that verification may be carried out in safe , reliable
conditions , and with no loss of time for the person responsible for the
control .   The provisions of paragraph 5 '2 . 3 should bo complied with , but
the meters may be tested in series if desired .       If this method is employed ,
the pressure in all the meters should be higher than 0.2 bar and special
measures may be required to prevent interference between meters .
The complete unit may include automatic devices , bypasses , flow–
restrictors , etc ., provided that each test circuit between the meters to
be verified and the control tanks is clearly defined and that it is
always possible to verify its internal pressure-tightness .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 13 -               111/974/7 2/rev. 2-E
                                                         ΑΜΕΧ
Any type of water supply system may "be used , "but if several test circuits
are operated in parallel , there should be no interference between them .
If a control tank is divided into several chambers , the separating walls
should be sufficiently rigid to ensure that the volume of a chamber does
not vary by more than 0 „ 2/o according to whether the adjacent chambers
are full or empty .
Verification includes an accuracy test at the following three flow rates :
                                                \
     ( a ) between 0.9 Qma:: and Qmax with observation in each case of the
           reduction in flow , which should be less than the value
           indicated in the pattern approval decision ;
     (b ) between QX, and 1.2 QX, ;
     ( c ) between Q_.  and 1„1 x
The maximum permissible errors are as sfcoun in paragraph 2.1 .
In each test , the volume of water passed through the meter should be
sufficient to eliminate the effects of cyclical distortion and to
compensate for any irregularities caused by possible eccentricity of the
needle of the indicator .                             \
                                o         o
                                     0