CELEX: 51984PC0400
Language: en
Date: 1984-11-16
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO ROLL-OVER PROTECTION STRUCTURES INCORPORATING TWO PILLARS AND MOUNTED IN FRONT OF THE DRIVER' S SEAT ON NARROW-TRACK WHEELED AGRICULTURAL OR FORESTRY TRACTORS

2. 9. 85                               Official Journal of the European Communities                             No C 222/1
                                                              II
                                                       (Preparatory Acts)
                                                 COMMISSION
              Proposal for a Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
              relating to roll-over protection structures incorporating two pillars and mounted in front of the
                           driver's seat on narrow-track wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors
                                                      COM(84) 400 final
                                        (Submitted by the Commission to the Council)
                                                        (85/C 222/01)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,                           tractors covered by the 'dynamic testing' Directive and
                                                                   not less than 800 kilograms in the case of tractors
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European              covered by the 'static testing' Directive;
Economic Community, and in particular Article 100
thereof,                                                           Whereas the tractors covered by this Directive have a
                                                                   maximum ground clearance of 600 mm, a track width
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,                 of both axles of less than 1 360 mm and a mass of
                                                                   between 600 and 3 000 kilograms; whereas the roll-over
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parlia-               protection structures of these tractors, which are used
ment,                                                              for specific activities, can be made subject to specific
                                                                   requirements or requirements other than those of
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and
                                                                   Directives 77/536/EEC and 79/622/EEC;
Social Committee,
Whereas Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March                    Whereas the technical requirements with which such
 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member               'narrow-track' tractors must comply pursuant to
States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricul-           national laws relate inter alia to roll-over protection
tural or forestry tractors ('), as amended by the Act of           structures and to their attachment to the tractor;
Accession of Greece, lays down that the necessary                  whereas those requirements differ from one Member
provisions for the implementation of the EEC type-                 State to another; whereas it is therefore necessary that
approval procedure in respect of individual tractor                all Member States adopt the same requirements either
parts or characteristics should be specified in special            in addition to, or in place of, their existing rules in
Directives; whereas the provisions relating to roll-over           order, in particular, to allow the EEC type-approval
protection structures and their attachments to tractors            procedure which was the subject of Directive 74/150/
have been laid down by Council Directives 77/536/                  EEC to be introduced in respect of each type of
EEC (2) and 79/622/EEC ( 3 ); whereas these two Direc-             tractor;
tives cover respectively dynamic and static testing
procedures, either of which may be employed by manu-               Whereas this Directive covers roll-over protection
facturers for the present, and relate to standard trac-            structures of the dualpillar type mounted in front of the
tors, that is, tractor shaving a maximum ground clea-              driver's seat and characterized by a reduced zone of
rance of 1 000 mm and a fixed or adjustable track width            clearance attributable to the tractor silhouette, thus
of one of the driving axles of not less than 1 150 mm              rendering it inadvisable, under any circumstances, to
and weighing between 1,5 and 4,5 tonnes in the case of             impede access to the driving position and to retain
                                                                   these structures (fold-down or not) in view of their
                                                                   undoubted ease of use; whereas roll-over protection
(') OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.                                structures of the rear-mounted rollbar, frame or cab
(2) OJ No L 220, 29. 8. 1977, p. 1.                                type have been the subject of another special Direc-
(3) OJ No L 179, 17. 7. 1979, p. 1.                                tive;
 ---pagebreak---  No C 222/2                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                 2. 9. 85
Whereas a harmonized component type-approval                     be in cooperation with the competent authorities in the
procedure for roll-over protection structures and their          other Member States, that production models conform
attachment to the tractor makes it possible for each             to the approved type. Such verification shall be limited
Member State to check compliance with the common                 to spot checks.
construction and testing requirements and to inform
the other Member States of its findings by sending them
copies of the component type-approval certificate                                         Article 3
completed for each type of roll-over protection struc-           Member States shall, for each type of roll-over protec-
ture and its attachment to the tractor; whereas the              tion structure and its tractor attachment which they
placing of an EEC component type-approval mark on                approve pursuant to Article 1, issue to the manufac-
all structures manufactured in conformity with the               turer of the tractor or of the roll-over protection struc-
approved type obviates any need for technical checks             ture, or to his authorized representative, an EEC
on those structures in the other Member States;                  component type-approval mark conforming to the
whereas common requirements concerning other                     model shown in Annex VII.
elements and characteristics of the roll-over protection
structure, in particular those concerning the dimen-             Member States shall take all appropriate measures to
sions, doors, safety glass, devices to prevent continuous        prevent the use of marks liable to create confusion
roll-over if the tractor overturns, and protection of            between roll-over protection structures which have
occupants, will be laid down at a later date;                    been component type-approved pursuant to Article 1
                                                                 and other devices.
Whereas the harmonized requirements are intended
principally to ensure safety at work and safety on the
road throughout the Community; whereas, for this
reason, it is necessary to introduce the obligation for                                   Article 4
tractors covered by this Directive to be fitted with roll-        1. No Member State may prohibit the placing on the
over protection structures;                                      market of roll-over protection structures or their tractor
Whereas the approximation of the national laws                   attachments on grounds relating to their construction if
relating to these tractors entails reciprocal recognition        they bear the EEC component type-approval mark.
by Member States of the checks carried out by each of            2. Nevertheless, a Member State may prohibit the
them on the basis of the common requirements,                    placing on the market of roll-over protection structures
                                                                 bearing the EEC component type-approval mark which
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:                                      fail to conform to the approved type.
                                                                 That State shall forthwith inform the other Member
                          Article 1                              States and the Commission of the measures taken,
                                                                 specifying the reasons for its decision.
This Directive shall apply to tractors as defined in
Article 1 of Directive 74/150/EEC having the
following characteristics:                                                                Article 5
— ground clearance of not more than 600 mm beneath
    the front and rear axles, allowing for the differen-         The competent authorities of each Member State shall
    tial,                                                        within one month send to the competent authorities of
                                                                 the other Member States copies of the component type-
— minimum track width of both axles of less than                 approval certificates, an example of which is given in
    1 150 mm and maximum track width of less than                Annex VIII, completed for each type of roll-over
    1 360 mm,                                                    protection structure which they approve or refuse to
— mass of between 600 and 3 000 kilograms, corres-               approve.
    ponding to the unladen weight of the tractor as
    defined in section 2.4 of Annex I to Directive 74/                                    Article 6
    150/EEC, including the roll-over protection struc-
    ture fitted in compliance with this Directive and             1. If the Member State which has granted EEC
    tyres of the largest size recommended by the manu-           component type-approval finds that a number of roll-
    facturer.                                                    over protection structures and their tractor attachments
                                                                 bearing the same EEC component type-approval mark
                          Article 2                              do not conform to the type which it has approved, it
                                                                 shall take the necessary measures to ensure that produc-
1. Each Member State shall grant EEC component                   tion models conform to the approved type. The compe-
type-approval for any type of roll-over protection               tent authorities of that State shall advise those of the
structure and its tractor attachment which satisfies the         other Member States of the measures taken which may,
construction and testing requirements laid down in               if necessary, where there is serious and repeated failure
Annexes I to V.                                                  to conform, extend to withdrawal of EEC component
                                                                type-approval. The said authorities shall take the same
2. A Member State which has granted EEC                          measures if they are informed by the competent autho-
component type-approval shall take the measures                  rities of another Member State of such failure to
required to verify, in so far as is necessary and if need        conform.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                              Official Journal of the European Communities                            No C 222/3
2. The competent authorities of the Member States                                        Article 10
shall within one month inform each other of any with-
drawal of EEC component type-approval and of the                 Any tractor to which Article 1 refers must be fitted with
reasons for any such measure.                                    a roll-over protection structure. Such a structure, unless
                                                                 it is of the rear-mounted rollbar, frame or cab type,
                                                                 must comply with the requirements laid down in
                          Article 7                              Annexes I to V to this Directive, or in Directives
                                                                 77/536/EEC or 79/622/EEC.
Any decision taken pursuant to the provisions adopted
in implementation of this Directive to refuse or with-
draw component type-approval for roll-over protection
structures and their tractor attachments, or to prohibit                                 Article 11
their placing on the market or their use, shall set out in
detail the reasons on which it is based. Such decision           Any amendments which are necessary in order to adapt
shall be notified to the party concerned, who shall at           the requirements of the Annexes to this Directive so as
the same time be informed of the remedies available to           to take account of technical progress shall be adopted
him under the laws in force in the Member States and             in accordance with the procedure laid down in
of the time limits allowed for the exercise of such reme-        Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.
dies.
                          Article 8
                                                                                         Article 12
No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type-
approval or nationel type-approval in respect of a               1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions
tractor on grounds relating to the roll-over protection          necessary to comply with this Directive within 18
structure or its tractor attachment if these bear the EEC       months of its notification and shall forthwith inform
component type-approval mark and if the requirements            the Commission thereof.
laid down in Annex IX have been satisfied.
                                                                2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the
                                                                main provisions of national law which they adopt in
                          Article 9                             the field covered by this Directive are communicated to
No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, regis-         the Commission.
tration, entry into service or use of any tractor on
grounds relating to the roll-over protection structure
and its tractor attachment if these bear the EEC                                         Article 13
component type-approval mark and if the requirements
laid down in Annex IX have been met.                            This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/4                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                    2. 9. 85
                                            LIST OF ANNEXES
           ANNEX I    Conditions for EEC component type-approval
           ANNEX II   Prior conditions to be met by tractor/protection structure assemblies subjected to
                      strength tests in accordance with Annexes III and IV
           ANNEX III  Conditions for testing the strength of protection structures and of their attachment
                      to tractors
                 A    Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests
                 B    Apparatus and equipment for static tests
                 C    Symbols
           ANNEX IV   Test procedures
                 A    — dynamic testing
                 B    — static testing
           ANNEX V    Figures
           ANNEX VI   Test report model
           ANNEX VII  Marks
           ANNEX VIII Model of EEC component type-approval certificate
           ANNEX IX   Conditions for EEC type-approval
           ANNEX X    Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate for a tractor with regard to the strength
                      of the protection structures as well as of their attachment to the tractor
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No C 222/5
                                                          ANNEX I
                              CONDITIONS FOR EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
         1.     DEFINITION
         1.1.  'Roll-over protection structure' hereinafter called 'protection structure', means the structure on a
               tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll-
               over of the tractor during normal use.
         1.2.  The structures mentioned in item 1.1 display the following characteristics:
               — all the uprights are mounted in front of the centre of the steering wheel,
               — the structures have a zone of clearance as defined in Annex IV-A, point 2.
          1.3.  Structures which do not satisfy the requirements laid down in item 1.2 above may be tested in
               accordance with the provisions of Directive 77/536/EEC or Directive 79/622/EEC.
         2.    GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
         2.1.   Every protection structure and its attachment to a tractor must be so designed and constructed as
               to fulfil the essential purpose laid down in section 1.
         2.2.  This condition is considered to be fulfilled if the requirements of Annexes II, III and IV are
               complied with.
         3.    APPLICATION FOR EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL
         3.1   The application for EEC component type-approval with regard to the strength of a protection
               structure and the strength of its attachment to a tractor shall be submitted by the tractor manu-
               facturer or by the manufacturer of the protection structure or by their authorized representa-
               tives.
         3.2.  The application for EEC component type-approval shall be accompanied by the undermentioned
               documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:
               — a drawing, either to scale or with indication of the principal dimensions, showing the general
                    arrangement of the protection structure. This drawing must, in particular, show details of the
                    mounting components,
               — photographs from side and rear, showing mounting details,
               — brief description of the protection structure, including type of construction, method of
                    mounting on the tractor and, where necessary, details of cladding, means of access and
                    escape, details of interior padding and of features to prevent continuous rolling, and details of
                    heating and ventilation,
               — details of materials used in the structure and in the roll-over protection structure mountings
                   (see Annex VI).
         3.3.  A tractor representative of the tractor type for which the protection structure to be approved is
               intended shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the component
               type-approval tests. This tractor shall be equipped with the protection structure.
         3.4.  The holder of EEC component type-approval may request its extension to other tractor types.
               The competent authority which has granted the original EEC component type-approval shall
               grant the extension if the approved protection structure and the type(s) of tractor for which the
               extension is requested comply with the following conditions:
               — the mass of the unballasted tractor, as defined in section 1.4 of Annex III, does not exceed by
                   more than 5% the reference mass used in the test,
               — the method of attachment and the points of attachment to the tractor are identical,
               — any components such as mudguards and bonnets which may provide support for the protec-
                   tion structure have identical strength and are identically situated with respect to the protection
                   structure,
               — the critical dimensions and the position of the seat and steering wheel relative to the protec-
                   tion structure, and the position relative to the protection structure of the points deemed rigid
                   and taken into consideration for the purpose of verifying that the zone of clearance is
                   protected, are such that the zone of clearance continues to be protected by the structure after
                   the latter has undergone the deformation resulting from the various tests,
               — the prior conditions specified in Annex II remain satisfied.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/6                           Official Journal of the European Communities                              2. 9. 85
          4.     MARKINGS
          4.1.   Every protection structure conforming to the approved type shall bear the following markings:
          4.1.1. the trade mark or name;
          4.1.2. a component type-approval mark conforming to the model in Annex VII;
          4.1.3. serial number of the protection structure;
          4.1.4. make and type(s) of tractor(s) for which the protection structure is intended.
          4.2.   All these particulars must appear on a small plate.
          4.3.   These markings must be visible, legible and indelible.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                         No C 222/7
                                                            ANNEX II
         Preliminary conditions to be met as regards the fitting of tractor protection structures which are to be
                                 subjected to the strength tests described in Annexes III and IV
                PREPARATION FOR THE PRELIMINARY TEST
                The tractor must be equipped with the protection structure. The tractor must be fitted with tyres
                having the greatest diameter allowed by the manufacturer and the smallest cross-section for tyres
                of that diameter. The tyres must not be liquid-ballasted and must be inflated to the pressure
                recommended for field work.
                The rear wheels must be set to the narrowest track width; the front wheels must be set as closely
                as possible to the same track width.
                If it is possible to have two front track settings which differ equally from the narrowest rear track
                setting, the wider of these two front track settings must be selected.
                All the tractor's tanks must be filled or the liquids must be replaced by an equivalent mass in the
                corresponding position.
                LATERAL STABILITY TEST
                Place the tractor, prepared as specified above, on a horizontal plane so that the tractor front-axle
                pivot point or, in the case of an articulated tractor, the horizontal pivot point between the two
                axles can move freely.
                Using any appropriate means, such as a jack or a hoist, tilt the part of the tractor which is rigidly
                connected to the axle that bears more than 50% of the tractor's weight, while constantly meas-
                uring the angle of inclination. This angle must be at least 38° at the moment when the tractor is
                resting in a state of unstable equilibrium on the wheels touching the ground.
                Perform the test once with the steering wheel turned to full right lock and once with the steering
                wheel turned to full left lock.
                NON-CONTINUOUS ROLLING TEST
         3.1.  General remarks
               This test is intended to check whether a structure fitted to the tractor for the protection of the
               driver can satisfactorily prevent continuous roll-over of the tractor in the event of its overturning
               laterally on a slope with a gradient of 1 : 1,5.
               Evidence of non-continuous rolling can be provided in accordance with one of the two methods
               described in items 3.2 and 3.3 below.
         3.2.  Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the overturning test
               The overturning test must be carried out on a test slope at least 4 m long (see Annex V, figure 1).
               The surface must be covered with an 18 cm layer of a material which — measured in accordance
               with the ASAE recommandation — has a cone penetration index of A (235 ± 20) or B
               (335 ± 20).
               The tractor is tilted laterally with zero initial speed; for this purpose it is placed at the start of the
               test slope in such a way that the wheels on the downhill side rest on the slope and the tractor's
               medium plane is parallel with the contour lines.
               After striking the surface of the test slope, the tractor may lift itself from the surface by pivoting
               about the upper corner of the protection structure, but it must not roll over. It must fall back on
               the side which it first struck.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/8                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                        2. 9. 85
           3.3. Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation
           3.3.1. For the purpose of verifying non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation, the following
                  characteristic tractor data must be ascertained (see Appendix 3, figure 1):
                  H1 (m)          Height of centre of gravity.
                  L 3 (m)         Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and rear axle.
                  L 2 (m)         Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front axle.
                  D3 (m)          Height of rear tyres.
                  D2 (m)          Height of front tyres.
                  H 6 (m)          Overall height (point-of-impact height).
                  L 6 (m)          Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the leading edge of the
                                  protection structure (to be preceded by a minus sign if the leading edge lies in
                                  front of the plane of the centre of gravity).
                  B 6 (m)          Width of protection structure.
                  H 7 (m)          Height of engine bonnet.
                  B 7 (m)         Width of engine bonnet.
                  L 7 (m)          Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front corner of the
                                  engine bonnet.
                  H 0 (m)          Height of the front-axle pivot point.
                  S (m)            Rear track width.
                  B 0 (m)          Rear tyre width.
                  DO (rad)         Front-axle swing angle (from zero position to end of travel).
                  M (kg)           Tractor mass.
                  Q (kgm2)         Moment of inertia about the longitudinal axis through the centre of gravity.
                  The sum of the track width S and tyre width B 0 must be greater than the width B 6 of the
                  protection structure. The centre of gravity and moment of inertia can be determined in accord-
                  ance with Appendix 1.
           3.3.2. For the purposes of calculation, the following simplifying assumptions can be made:
                  — the stationary tractor overturns on a slope with a 1 : 1,5 gradient with a balanced front axle, as
                      soon as the centre of gravity is vertically above the axis of rotation,
                  — the axis of rotation is parallel to the tractor's longitudinal axis and passes through the centre
                      of the contact surfaces of the downhill front and rear wheel,
                  — the tractor does not slide downhill,
                  — impact on the slope is partly elastic, with a coefficient of elasticity of U = 0,2,
                  — the depth of penetration into the slope and the deformation of the protection structure
                      together amount to T = 0,2 m,
                  — no other components of the tractor penetrate into the slope.
           3.3.3. In the event of lateral overturning and roll-over there are three different modes of tractor roll-
                  over, depending on whether the protection structure mounted perpendicularly to the longitudinal
                  axis, is mounted at the rear of, in the vicinity of, or forward of, the plane of the centre of
                  gravity.
                  If the roll-over protection structure is mounted at the rear, the tractor will pitch forward, pivoting
                  about axes of rotation 1 and 2 and striking the ground with the roll-over structure, whereupon
                  further rotation will occur about axes 4 and 6 (figure 2 a).
                  In the case of a roll-over protection structure mounted in the vicinity of the plane of the centre of
                  gravity, the tractor first rotates about axis 2 and then pivots and rotates about axis 3, which is
                  parallel thereto (figure 2 b). The tractor will roll-over in this direction when the point of impact of
                  the roll-over structure lies perpendicular to axis 2 and passes through the plane of the centre of
                  gravity. This is described as the 'unstable equilibrium position' since it represents the transition
                  from backward roll-over (about the rear axle) to forward roll-over (about the engine bonnet).
                  If the roll-over structure is mounted forward of the plane of the centre of gravity, the tractor will
                  roll over backwards about axes of rotation 1, 2 and 4 (figure 2 c).
                  Figure 3 shows schematically the overall tractor height, as calculated for each of the three
                  possible roll-over modes A, B and C, that is required in order to prevent continuous roll-over.
                  The actual height necessary to prevent continuous roll-over is described by curve C, but the
                  polygon formed by A, B and C provides a sufficiently close approximation. The result of the
                  non-continuous roll-over calculation is positive if the actual tractor height is greater than that
                  calculated by means of the polygon method.
                  In the computer program, the roll-over behaviour in the case of cylindrical roll-over (polygon
                  line B) is always calculated first. Depending on whether the protection structure is located in
                  front of or behind the straight lines S2 in figure 3, backward roll-over (polygon line C) or forward
                  roll-over (polygon line A) is assumed and examined.
                  Further details of the calculation process and the calculation formulae used are given in
                  Appendix 2.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                     No C 222/9
              CONDITIONS GOVERNING STRENGTH TESTS
              The protection structure may only be subjected to the strength tests described in Annexes III and
               IV if both of the tests described in sections 2 and 3 of the present Annex have been satisfactorily
              completed.
                                                       Appendix 1
                            Determination of the centre of gravity and the moment of inertia
         1.  The weight mt of the tractor should be determined by weighing                                  kg
         2.  The maximum front-axle weight mA should be determined by
             weighing                                                                                       kg
         3.  The axle spacing L is                                                        L     -           m
         4.  The distance L3 between the centre of gravity S and the rear axle
             is calculated on the basis of
                      L3 = 2A .   L                                                       L,    =
                             m,
             The static radius of the rear-wheel tyres is
             The tractor should be suspended front and rear on adequately dimen-
             sioned ball bearings parallel to the tractor's longitudinal axis, in a
             state of stable equilibrium so that all four tyres are the same distance
             b from a horizontal reference plane (figure 1*). The tractor must be
             suspended above its centre of gravity, so as to ensure that injudicious
             positioning of the centre of gravity does not result in inadvertent
             overturning.
                                                                                                     /  M2     '
                                                      T *
                                                                                                        -9S-      n
                                                                                                    L_ _ 6 — - _ i — , _
                              L
               Figure 1*                                                                     Figure 2*
              Measurements are taken of the distance from the reference plane              S,    - ....
              (figure 1 *) to the centre of the rear axle and from the reference plane
              to the suspension point respectively. The distance r between the
              centre of gravity S and the suspension point M, is not known and is
              ascertained in order to determine the height of the centre of gravity
              (see point 11).                                                              s, =
              A pendulum test of a least 100 oscillations at a maximum deflection
              of 4 to 7° is carried out to determine the oscillation period T,             T,    =
          9.  The tractor is now suspended at a distance greater by a from the
              centre of gravity (figure 2*), a being adjusted to > 0,04 m
         10.  Tests are then carried out as described in point 8 to determine the
              oscillation period T2                                                        T,     -
         11.  The distance r is then calculated from the formula:
                                       4 K2    ,
                            T,2 • a         . a2
                                        g 2
                                         8n
                           T,2 - T,2 +
                                          g
              If the selected distance from the centre of gravity is greater in the first
              measurement than in the second measurement, a should be preceded
              by a minus sign. If the calculation gives a value of r < 0,15 m, or, for
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/10                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                        2. 9. 85
                   tractors weighing more than 2 000 kg, a value of r < 0,3 m, the
                   suspension point should be altered and a new measurement taken.
          12.      The height H1 of the centre of gravity above the contact surface of the
                   tyre is then:
                           HI - S2 - S, - r + rstat                                               HI -               m
          13.      The moment of inertia is calculated from the formula:
                           Q - «t • r • ( ^     • V " r)                                           Q    =              kgm
          14.      The calculation must take account of the weight and moment of
                    inertia of any test equipment moving in unison with the tractor.
                                                              Appendix 2
                        Further explanation of the calculation procedure and the calculation formulae used
          Figures 4 to 9 show the roll-over geometry of a tractor during lateral overturning. The individual roll-
          over stages are shown in figure 10.
          It is assumed that the stationary tractor, positioned on a slope having a gradient of, for instance, 1:1,5
          and with one wheel of its front swing axle up against the stop, loses its unstable equilibrium and begins
          to tilt, as soon as the centre of gravity is vertically above the axis of rotation (figure 10a). Axis of rotation
          1 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passes through the contact surface of the downhill
          rear and front wheel. Because of the pronounced deformation of the tractor tyres in this position, the
          axis of rotation was assumed to be displaced towards the centre of the tyres (figure 10b). The tractor
          overturns from this position, the speed of rotation increasing from zero to the value O0 (coA1) shortly
          before impact on the slope (figure 10c).
          When the upper edges of the front wheel and rear wheel strike the ground — the front axle being
          assumed to be in an intermediate position once more parallel to the rear axle — the outer edges of both
          tyres are subjected to semi-elastic shocks (coefficient of elasticity U = 0,2) in the downhill direction and
          perpendicular to the surface of the slope. The two shocks (front and rear) are combined in the calcula-
          tion as a single shock registered in the plane of the centre of gravity.
           After the shock at the upper edges of the tyres, the tractor continues to turn at the speed of rotation
          Ol (©BQ). On the assumption that the tractor continues to turn about axis 2 through the upper edges of
          the rear wheel and front wheel, the speed of rotation Ol (co^) must be converted into the slightly
           different speed 02 ((om) perpendicular to the new axis of rotation 2. The gradient angle is slightly
           altered by the direction of the new axis of rotation 2. Similarly, the moment of inertia Q is converted in
           respect of axis 2, using the ellipsoid of inertia and the Steiner theorem. For this purpose, it is assumed
           that the moments of inertia about the tractor's transverse and vertical axes are three times the moment of
           inertia about the longitudinal axis.
           The tractor continues to turn about axis 2 until the corner of the bar strikes and penetrates the ground by
           T(m) (figure lOd). Let the speed of rotation prior to impact on the bar and the front wheel be 0 3 (coB1).
           After impact, the tractor will continue to turn at 05 (<oc0) about the new axis 4 through the upper edge
           of the front wheel and a point on the surface of the slope above the impacted bar corner C.
           Let the speed of rotation when the engine bonnet strikes the ground (figure lOe) be 06 (o)cl). After the
           impact on the bar and the engine bonnet, the tractor will have a speed of rotation of 07 (coD0) or 08
           (WDO) perpendicular to the new axis of rotation 6. The tractor continues to turn about axis 6 through the
           engine-bonnet corner and bar corner (figure 1 Of) until the centre of gravity is vertically above axis of
           rotation 6. If the tractor still has a speed of rotation of 09 (coend) at this moment of unstable equilibrium,
           it will continue to roll. If the energy of rotation was previously so slight that unstable equilibrium is not
           attained, the tractor will come to rest on the slope.
           Height of centre of gravity in roll-over position
           If the tractor is considered in the longitudinal direction, the connection between the contact point in the
           middle of the rear wheels and the centre of gravity at the moment when the edge of the tractor,
           supported by the front axle, rests on the ground is defined as radius W0.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No C 222/11
         For rotation at the tyre centre, the height of the centre of gravity in the roll-over position WO is obtained,
         according to figure 11, as follows:
                           R2 - i/Hl 2 + L32
                           CI    = arc tan I — I
                           LO = L3 + L2
                           L9    = arc tan (HO/LO)
                           H9 = R2 • sin (C1-L9)                       <           sin (CI - L9) - (H9/R2)
                                          H9
                           Wl     -                                                tan (CI - L9) - (H9/W1)
                                    tan (CI - L9)
                           W2 = i / H 0 2 + LO2
                           SI    - S/2
                           Fl    - arc tan (S1/W2)                      ±=         tan Fl = (S1/W2)
                           W3 = (W2 - Wl) • sin Fl                      f=         sin Fl = W3/(W2-W1)
                           W4 - arc tan (H9/W3)                         ±=.        tan W4 = H9/W3
                           W5 = / H 9 T T W 3 2 sin (W4 + DO)           ±=         sin (W4 + DO) = W5/ ]/H92 + W32
                           W6 - W3 - i/W3 2 + H92 cos (W4 + DO)
                           W7 = Wl + W6 • sin Fl
                           W8 - arc tan (W5/W7)
                           W9 - sin (W8 + L9) ]/W52 + W72               £= ^        sin (W8 + L9) - W 9 / | / W 5 2 -I- W7 2
                           WO = i/W9 2 + (SI - W6 • cos F l ) 2
            WO is the radius of rotation when the tractor begins to overturn after the front axle 'bottoms'. When the
            tractor strikes the ground, it is assumed that the front and rear axles are again parallel. Hence according
            to figure 12, the radius of rotation on impact is:
                           o'-l/(HM)2 + H|2
            Roll-over in position 1 (wheels on the ground)
            According to figure 12, the angle of rotation about which the tractor overturns from the unstable posi-
            tion until the moment of impact with the ground is:
                           vj/ = AO + n / 2 - a
            Given the constant design angle G2, the 'height of fall' of the centre of gravity becomes:
                           G2 - arc tan [2 • H1/(S + BO)]
                           G3 - WO - G l • cos (AO + G2)
            The energy equation:
                            \ Q A • OO2 = M • G • G3
            and the moment of inertia about point A with a mean radius:
            give the impact velocity OO (o)AI)
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/12                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                  2. 9. 85
          Tractor coordinates in position 1
          Position 1 of the tractor after impact — with the wheels on the slope — is determined by the coordinates
          of points 1 to 7 in figure 14. Angle F2, which also describes the movement of the old axis of rotation 1 to
          the new axis of rotation 2, gives the coordinates shown in Table 1. According to figure 15, the following
          equations apply:
                                            D3 - D2
                          tanF2/2 =
                                         2(L3 + L2)
                                        2 • tan (F2/2)
                          tan F2
                                       1 - tan2 (F2/2)
                                                D3 - D2
                                                    L0
                           F2 = arc tan —
                                                , D3 - D2
                                                 2 (L3 + L2>
          The value L8 shows the position of the leading corner of the bar in relation to the plane of the centre of
          gravity at which the forward roll-over direction over the engine bonnet changes to a backward direction
          over the rear wheel. The value is explained later.
          To calculate the impulses and the velocity of continuous rolling, the tractor is considered in the limited
          context of the plane of its centre of gravity and the impacts on these are assumed to be diminished
          (figure 14). This gives the lengths or lever arms for equation (h) with which the velocity of continuous
          rolling 0 1 (co^) perpendicular to axis 1 after the impact at B can be calculated. The possibility of tyre
          penetration into the ground is ignored because of the large contact surface, although this plays a major
          role in the case of impact on the roll-over protection structure.
          Calculation of the speed of rotation after impact
          When the wheels, roll-over protection structure and engine bonnet hit the ground, the vehicle is
          subjected to shock loads which reduce the speed of rotation. If the impact surface is small, the vehicle
          part t (m) will sink deep into the ground or undergo elastic deformation (figure 13).
          At the same time, shocks may occur in the downhill direction (x direction) and perpendicular thereto (y
          direction). These shocks can be calculated on the basis of certain assumptions and can be used to deter-
          mine the continuous roll-over velocity. The following conditions must be fulfilled: equilibrium of forces
          in the x and y directions (equation (a) or (b)) and balance of moments (c) at the centre of gravity. This
          calculation takes account only of propulsion forces, the bearing and gravitational forces being ignored.
          The moment about the centre of gravity is ascertained from the torque term, the moment being derived
          from the forces and the lever arms or from the impulses and the lever arms after integration. The
          impulses can be determined if the velocities of the centre of gravity are replaced by the corresponding
          speeds of rotation. If the impulses are inserted in the torque term, the speed of rotation during con-
          tinuous roll-over co, after a plastic or elastic impact, can be calculated with the impact number k, equa-
          tion (h).
                           m x      = F x (t); m x = J F x (t) dt; m(x s - xso) - / F x (t) dt       Jx       (a)
                          my        - F y (t); m y - J F y (t) dt; m (ys - ys0) = J F y (t) dt - J y          (b)
                          8s<j>      - M (t); 8s(j> = J M (t) dt; 8S (co - o>0) = J x c - J y d               (c)
          Velocity:
                          *so - <o0° + * 0                                                                    (d)
                                          a
                          y so        <">o                                                                    (e)
                          * s - co c                                                                          (f)
                          ys - co d -I- (a + d) co0 k                                                         (g)
           If (d) to (g) are inserted in (a) and (b), the following equations apply where x 0 « O:
                          J x = — m co c + m co0b,
                          Jy =     m co d + m (a + d) co0 k + maco0.
           If inserted in (c) this gives:
                          8sco — 8sco0 = — mc 2 co + mbc co0 — m co d 2 — mad co0k — md 2 co0k — mad co0;
                               ,         8S + mbc - md 2 k - (k + l)mad
                          and:    co = -*         ^———                 '-    co0                              (h)
                                                  8C + mc 2 + md 2             °
 ---pagebreak--- 2.9.85                               Official Journal of the European Communities                                  No C 222/13
       Characteristic points (according to figure 14):
                       Kl   =  x, 4 + y, 4 • tan F2
                       K2   =   xu
                       K3   -  z, ,
                       K4   =  Kl - x,,
       After impact of the wheels on the ground, the continuous roll-over velocity 01 (coB0) becomes, accor-
       ding to equation h:
                      Ol _ Q + M • K3 • K3 - M • K4 2 • U - (U + 1) • M • K2 • K4
                                                   Q + M • K32 + M • K42                            ' °°
                                                             TABLE 1
                                 Coordinates of the major tractor points in the x, y, z, system
                                                 in tractor position 1 (figure 14)
                  Point                                                   Coordinates
          Centre of gravity          X
                                        U  - HI                   y.,. - o                    Z
                                                                                                U    - (S + B0)/2
           Lower front wheel         x
                                       l,2 = 0                    yi,2 = L2                   Z
                                                                                                l,2  = 0
           Lower rear wheel          X
                                       l,3 - 0                    Yl.3 = L 3                  Z
                                                                                                l,3  = 0
           Upper front wheel         x
                                       l,4 - ^   (1 + cos F2)     y, 4 = L2 + ~    sin F2     Z
                                                                                                l,4  = 0
           Upper rear wheel          X
                                       l,5 - ^   (1 + cos F2)     y, 5      L3 + ° ^ sin F2   Z
                                                                                                l,5  = 0
                                                                                                       S + BO    B
           Corner of cabin           X
                                       l,6 - H                    yi,6—    L
                                                                             6                Z
                                                                                                l,6
                                                                                                          2      2
           Corner of engine                                                                            S + BO B7
             bonnet                  X
                                       l,7 - H7                   Yl,7 - L 7                  Z
                                                                                                l,7
                                                                                                          2   ~ 2
       Transformation of coordinates from 1 to 2 (for the axis of rotation through the upper edge of the front and
       rear wheel)
       After the impact of the wheels on the ground, the tractor continues to roll about the new axis of rotation.
       When viewed along this axis, the tractor has the following coordinates calculated from system 1 in
       accordance with figure 15:
       a) Displacement of origin from A to B:
                      x' - x, - HI
                      x' = y,
                     z' = z,
       b) Rotation about F2:
                     x" = x' cos F2 -I- y' sin F2
                     y" = — x' sin F2 + y' cos F2
                     z" = z'
       c) Displacement to B':
                     x™ = x" - K4 cos F2
                     y" = y"
                     z'" = z"
       d) Total transformation from 1 to 2 of all values with the index k, from k = 1 to 7:
                     x
                       2,k — (xi,k — HI) • cos F2 + y, k sin F2 — K4 • cos F2
                     y 2k = — (x, k — HI) sin F2 + y, k cos F2
                     z     =  Z
                       2,k      l,k
                     02 - Ol • cos F2
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/14                                 Official Journal of the European Communities                                 2. 9. 85
          As a result of the inclination of the new axis of rotation, the angular velocity Ol is reduced to:
                          02 = 01 cos F2
          Similarly, there is a new angle of gradient A2 (figure 16) perpendicular to axis of rotation 2. If the
          inclined surface is viewed at right angles, the angle of inclination changes from AO to A2 when axis of
          rotation 1 is rotated through the angle F2 into axis of rotation 2:
                         tan • A2 - j ; h" - tan • AO • (1 • cos F2) • cos AO
                         f = ^(1 • cos F2 • cos AO)2 + (1 • sin F2)2
                                               tan AO • 1 • cos F2 • cos AO               tan AO
                         tan A2
                                      | / l 2 • cos2 F2 • cos2 AO + l 2 • sin2 F2 _ / j " t tan2 F2
                                                                                            cos2 AO
                           A,             . f         tan AO 1
                         A2 = arc tan —.j tan2 F2J
                                                            cos2 AO
          Roll-over from position 2 to position 3 (impact of the protection structure)
          This mode of rotation is considered below for both types of protection structure, i.e. centrally mounted
          and rear-mounted, together: the tractor rolls about axis 2 from position 2 into position 3, in which the
          protection structure has struck and penetrated the ground by the value T2 or has undergone elastic
          deformation (figure 17). The angle of rotation is calculated from angle C2 up to the impact of the
          protection structure on the ground and from angle El, which takes account of the specified deforma-
          tion:
                         C2 = arc tan
                         VO = ]/x 2 6 + z 2 6
                         El * T2/V0
          If the tractor is reduced to the plane of the centre of gravity, the distance between the bar substitution
          point C and the axis of rotation is correspondingly reduced in the case of a rear-mounted protection
          structure (third part of the calculation) (figure 17):
                         E2-7-^V-.V0
                                 v
                                   2,4        ^2,6
          Penetration at the equivalent cross-section is then (three-dimensional rolling):
                         T3 = El • E2
          For cylindrical rolling about axis 3' parallel to axis 2 (figure 20), E2 must be equal to VO. Since E2 differs
          only slightly from VO for bars near the plane of the centre of gravity, T3 « El -E2 was used for the
          penetration in the case of cylindrical roll-over also. In the program described here, which runs from 10
          June 1982 to 7 July 1983, the approximate depth is replaced by the exact depth (cylindrical rolling):
                         T3 = El • VO
          Using the known angle of rotation C2 + El, all the important coordinate points are rotated into the new
          x3 z3 plane. For this purpose, the angle E3 between each coordinate point 'k' and the positive z2 axis is
          first determined (figure 18):
                         tan E3 <= •—
                                         Z
                                           2,k
                         x
                           3,k - l/x| k + z 2 k sin (E3 + C2 + El)
                         y3,k = y2,k
                         z
                           3,k = ]/ X 2,k    +  z
                                                  2,k • c o s ( E 3 + C2 + El)
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                               Official Journal of the European Communities                                   No C 222/15
         Height offall and impact velocity
         According to figure 19, the tractor remains at rest if the centre of gravity in position 2 is to the right of
         the vertical and if the rotational energy is insufficient to bring the centre of gravity to the maximum
         height. This is described by the following relationships:
                                         tan V6 =     ~
                                                  z
                                                    2,l
                         If - V 6 > A2, it follows that:
                                         V7 - E4[l - c o s ( - A 2 - V6)]
                                         V7 • M • G > i (Q3 + M E42) 022
                                                                 V5
         If the 'boundary energy level' is greater than the rotational energy, the tractor remains in position 2.
                         In this case: E4 = ]/xl,\ +zl.\
         The moment inertia about the transverse axis is assumed to be approximately three times that about the
         longitudinal axis. According to the ellipsoid of inertia, this gives:
                         Q3 = (Q) • cos2 F2 + (3 Q) • sin2 F2
         If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the height of fall V8 and impact velocity 03 (coB1),
         according to figure 19, are:
                         V8 = E4 • cos ( - V 6 - A2) - E4 • cos ( - n ' - A2)
                                   X
                                     3.1
                         tan  T)   Z
                                     3.l
                                         2MG • V8
                         03
                                  1fr >3 +   M • E4
                                                    2  + 02 2
         Speed of rotation after impact on the cabin
         The speed of continuous rotation 04 (coco) after impact on the protection structure (point C in the
         substitute cross-section in the plane of the centre of gravity) is as follows (see figure 17):
                         where
                         K9 - x3J
                         K5 = z 3 ,
                         K6 = z31 + T3 (for roll-over on engine bonnet)
                         K6 = z31 + El • VO (if axis of rotation 3' is parallel to axis 2)
                         K7 = E2 — x31 (for roll-over on engine bonnet)
                         K7 = VO — x 3 , (if axis of rotation 3' is parallel to axis 2, E2 • VO)
                                 Q3 + M • K5 • K6 - M • K7 2 • U - (U + 1) • M • K9 • K7
                                                  Q3 + M • K62 + M • K7 2
         Up to this point, roll-over and, consequently, most parts of the calculation remain the same regardless of
         the position of the protection structure.
         The following sections go on to describe the first part, cylindrical roll-over with the protection structure
         near the plane of the centre of gravity; this is followed by a second part which describes roll-over with a
         front-mounted bar (roll-over on rear wheel), and a third part which describes the further equations
         applicable to roll-over with a rear-mounted bar (roll-over on the engine bonnet).
         Calculation of the point of impact of the protection structure close to the point of equilibrium (near the
         plane of the centre of gravity)
          If the protection structure is located behind the centre of gravity, the tractor topples forward on to the
         engine bonnet after turning about axis 4 (figure 10) and after the impact of the protection structure. In
         the case of a front-mounted protection structure, the tractor will roll over on the rear wheel. In between
         these two possibilities there is a position in which the tractor (figure 20) tilts neither forwards nor back-
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/16                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                    2.9.85
          wards after the impact of the protection structure, but comes to rest 'at equilibrium' and turns about axis
          of rotation 3' which is parallel to axis 2 (point of equilibrium = unstable longitudinal equilibrium).
          This case occurs when the point of impact of the protection structure according to figure 21 lies in the
          plane perpendicular to axis 2 which passes through the centre of gravity.
           In the coordinate system according to figure 21, the point of impact must satisfy the following equa-
          tions:
                          H - (1/tan F2) • (-L8) + HI
                          L8       (tan F2) (H - HI)
          Note: L8 is so defined that when the leading corner of the protection structure lies in front of the plane
                 of the centre of gravity it is preceded by a minus sign.
          The speed of continuous rotation 04 ((oco) after the impact of the protection structure is calculated
          last.
          According to figure 22, for rotation about axis 3' the following equation applies (see figure 20):
                          N 3 = l/(X3,6 -   X 3 ,,) 2 + (Z3,6 - Z
                                                                  3..) 2
          Here z 16 = 0, which merely displaces the point of rotation of the protection structure that has pene-
          trated the ground to the surface of the slope.
                          Q6 - Q3 + M • N3 2 '
          The tractor remains at rest on the slope if the kinetic energy in position 3 is insufficient to bring the
          centre of gravity above the maximum height:
                                             Z
                                               3,l
           If — N2< A2, the centre of gravity is already beyond the unstable position and the tractor will continue
          to roll over. A number of jumps are required in the program since there is no final velocity 09 (o)end) in
          this case. In the other case the limiting height is:
                          N4 - N3 [1 - cos ( - A 2 - N2)]
          If
                          N4 • M • G > { • Q6 • Q42
                                                   N5
          then the tractor remains at rest — on the assumption that the point of impact is in the 'equilibrium
          position'. If this is not the case, the speed of rotation in the position in which the tractor attains the
          maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is:
          In this version the tractor continues to roll over even though the protection structure is in the most
          favourable position for non-continuous rolling. This means that it will also continue to roll over what-
          ever the position of the bar.
          If, the tractor in accordance with this roll-over geometry, remains at rest, it must be ascertained in what
          manner — depending on the position L6 of the bar in relation to the plane of the centre of gravity — the
          tractor could continue to roll, i.e. forwards over the engine bonnet or backwards over the rear wheel. If,
          in accordance with figure 21,
                          L6 > L8
          the bar is mounted behind the point of longitudinal unstable equilibrium. The calculation for this
          version is given in the last section of the computer program. If this does not apply, the leading corner of
          the protection structure is located in front of the point of equilibrium (roll-over on the rear wheel).
          Calculation for point of impact in front of the point of equlibrium
          Transformation of coordinates from 3 to 4
          (Origin in uppermost point of rear wheel; see figure 23)
                                      v
                      E2 - vo •y2,5 2 5r v2,6
                                          v
                      T3 - E2 • El
          For z 36 = 0, the point of rotation according to figure 17 is again displaced to the surface of the slope for
          reasons of simplification.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                No C 222/17
         The geometrical content of the following equations, beginning with the conversion of the moment of
         inertia Q3 and ending with angular velocity 04 (coco), is the same as in the preceding version. A number
         of jump addresses have simply been adapted and account taken of the altered values of E2 and T3.
         This establishes the speed of continuous rotation 04 (wco) at which the tractor would rebound after
         impact on the protection structure (point C in the substitute cross-section in the plane of the centre of
         gravity) parallel to axis 2 = 3.
          Transformation of coordinates from 3 to 4 (for the axis of rotation through the upper edge of the rear wheel
         and the protection structure)
         The seven tractor points are considered in the x4 y4 z4 coordinate system. For this purpose, axis 3 is
         rotated through angle F3 which, in all cases, has a negative value since the direction of rotation is now
         reversed.
                          tan F3     _ _v?_
                                         ys.5 -   y3,6
          The new coordinate origin x4 y4 z4 is located in the tyre upper edge. Displacement of origin 3 to
          origin 4 and rotation through F3 gives (figure 23):
                          X
                            4,k " X3,k COS     F3
                                                    + (Y3,k ~ Y3,5) s i n F3
                                       x
                          y4,k          3.k s j n p 3 + (y3lk - y3,s) c os F3
                          z     = z
                            4,k     3,k
         The angular velocity component in the new direction about axis y4 is
                          05 = 04 • cos F3
          In the new direction 4, the gradient arrgle becomes
                                                     tan AO
                          tan A4 =
                                           f~+        tan2 (F2 + F3)
                                                          cos2 AO
         Overturning from position 4 to the next unstable equilibrium position (continuous roll-over position)
         Height of fall and final velocity:
         According to figure 24, the following equations for rotations about axis 4 are:
                          Ml = / x 2 , + z 2 ,
                          Q5 = Q cos2 (F2 + F3) + 3 Q sin2 (F2 + F3)
                          tan M2 = x 4 ,/z 4 1 (becomes negative!)
         If - M 2 < A 4 , it follows that:
         If angle | M2 | is less than gradient angle A4, the centre of gravity is already outside the vertical (figure
         24) after the impact of the tractor on the ground, and therefore already above the point of potential
         unstable equilibrium. The tractor will therefore continue to roll over in any case. If this does not apply, it
         must be established whether the kinetic energy in initial position 4 is sufficient to bring the centre of
         gravity above the maximum height.
                          M3 = Ml [1 - cos ( - A 4 - M2)]
                          M3 • M • G > UQ5 + M • Ml 2 ) • Q52
                                                             M4
         If the potential height of lift M 3 M G ist greater than the kinetic energy can produce, the tractor
         remains at rest on the slope. If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the speed of rotation
         in the position in which the tractor attains maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is:
                                -I/^S
                                =1/Q52-~                M G M 3
                         u0 y9
                                  " ^            Q5 + M • Ml 2
         The tractor will continue to roll over at this speed of rotation.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/18                                   Official Journal of the European Communities                                        2. 9. 85
          Calculation for point of impact of the protection structure behind the point of equilibrium
          The geometrical content of the following equations, beginning with the conversion of the moment of
          inertia Q3 and ending with angular velocity 0 4 (coco), is the same as in the first version. A number of
          jump addresses have merely been adapted.
           Transformation       of coordinates from               3 to 4 (for axis of rotation through front wheel and protection
          structure)
          For this purpose, all seven tractor points are considered in the new x4 y4 z4 coordinate system. Axis y3 is
          rotated through angle F3 to axis y4 (figure 25).
                                                  V0
                            .      ci
                            tan F3 =       y3,4 -      v
                                                         3,6
           As a result, the new coordinate origin is displaced to the point on the front wheel which is the point of
          impact in positions 2 and 3. Displacement of the coordinate origin 3 to the new coordinate origin 4 and
          the rotation of the coordinate system through angle F3 yields the following equations:
                            x         x
                              4,k =     3,k C O S  F 3
                                                          + (Y3,k ~ Y3.4) sin  F 3
                            V              X
                              4,k -     -    3.k s i n   F3
                                                              + (y3,k - y3,4) COS  F 3
                            Z     =  Z
                              4,k      3,k
           Because of the inclination of the new axis of rotation 4, angular velocity 0 4 (coco) after the impact of the
          bar becomes:
                            OS = 0 4 cos F3
           The gradient angle changes to:
                                                           tan AO
                            tan A4 =
                                                         tan 2 (F2._+F3)
                                                              cos 2 AO
           Roll-over from position 4 to position 5 (impact of the engine bonnet)
           The tractor pivots about axis 4 from position 4 to position 5 in which the engine bonnet has struck the
           ground and penetrated by the value C4 or has undergone elastic deformation (figure 25). The angle of
           rotation from position 4 to position 5 is calculated from the position of the engine-bonnet edge (point 7)
           and the degree of penetration C4, which experience in many roll-over tests in the field has shown to be
           very slight because of the relatively large area of impact and which has therefore been assigned the value
           0 in the calculation.
                            C3 = arc tan
                            c6-- r =£L=
           Reduction of the tractor to the plane of the centre of gravity gives the following value for the penetration
          C8 of the equivalent cross-section at the distance C7 (figures 25 and 26):
                            C5 = | / x 4 7 2 + z 4 7 2
                                              J4,6       y4,7
                            C8 = C6 • C7
           With this angle of rotation C3 + C6, all the important tractor points are rotated into the new position 5.
           For this purpose, angle C9 of each coordinate point 'k' to the positive z4 axis is first determined. By
           analogy with figure 18 for the rotations from 2 to 3, the relationship for the rotation from 4 to 5 is found
           to be:
                            tan C9 =            ^
                                            z
                                              4,k
           If z 4 k = 0, the value to be assigned is C 9 = —90°. The new tractor coordinates in position 5 are as
          follows:
                            X
                              5,k = l/X4,k + Z4,k          sin
                                                                ( C 9 + C3 + C6)
                            X      =
                              5,k     y4,k
                            Z
                              s.k = V^x4,k + z4,k c os (C9 + C3 + C6)
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                                  Official Journal of the European Communities                               N o C 222/19
          Height offall and impact velocity
         According to figure 27, the tractor remains at rest if the kinetic energy is insufficient to bring the centre
         of gravity above the maximum height:
                        tan M2 = x4 ,/z 4 ,
         If - M 2 > A4, it follows that:
                        M3 - Ml [1 - cos ( - A 4 - M2)]
                         M3 • M • G > j (Q5 + M • Ml 2 ) • Q52
                                                             M4
         If the 'boundary energy' is greater than the rotational energy M4, the tractor remains in position 4.
         Here the following relationship apply:
                                                  2
                         M l - / * 4 J + Z4J     U
                        Q5 = Q • cos2 (F2 + F3) + 3 • Q • sin2 (F2 + F3)
         If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the height of fall M5 and the impact velocity
         06 ((0C1) are:
                         M5 - Ml • cos ( - M 2 - A4) - Ml cos ( - A 4 - "n")
                         tan rf   =    x
                                         5,/z5,l
                                       /_2 M • G • M5
                         06 =
                                    y Q5 + M • Ml 2
         Speed of rotation after impact on the engine bonnet
         If the coefficient of elasticity Nl is equated with the coefficient of elasticity U in the other impacts
         (Nl = U), the speed of continuous rotation 07 (<tim) after impact on the engine bonnet (point D in the
         reduced system) is:
         in which (see figure 26)
                        M6 - ad - x 5 ,
                         M7 - bd - z5>l
                        M8 = cd - z5il + C8
                        M9 = dd - C7 - x 5 ,
                                 Q5 + M • M7 • M8 - M • M92 • Nl - (Nl + 1) • M • M6 • M9
                                                            Q5 + M • M82 + M • M92
         Transformation of coordinates from 5 to 6 (for axis of rotation through engine bonnet and protection
         structure)
         The seven tractor points are considered in the x6 y6 z6 coordinate system. For this purpose, axis 5 is
         rotated through angle F5, which in all cases has a negtive value since the direction of rotation is now
         reversed.
                         tan F5                  —
                                             ys,? -  y St 6
         The new coordinate origin x6 y6 z6 is displaced to the corner of the bar (on the surface of the slope).
         Displacement of origin 5 to origin 6 and rotation through angle F5 yields the following equations
         (figure 28):
                        x
                          6,k - Hk c os F5 + (y5>k - y 56 ) sin F5
                                     x
                        y6,k          5,k si" p 5 + (y5,k - ys,*) c o s p
                                                                          5
                        z     = z
                          6,k     5,k
         For 08 (cofoo) tne angular velocity component in the new direction is:
                        08 - 07 • c o s ( - F 5 )
         The gradient angle in the new direction 6 becomes:
                                                        tan A0
                        tan A6 =
                                                    tan2 (F2 + F3 + F5)
                                          Y                 cos2 A0
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/20                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                       2. 9. 85
          Overturning from position 6 to the next unstable equilibrium position (continuous roll-over position)
          Height of fall and final velocity:
          Figure 29 shows that the relationships for rotation about axis 6 are as follows:
                         N3 = l/x62, + z62,
                        Q6 - Q • cos2 (F2 + F3. + F5) + 3 • Q • sin2 (F2 + F3 + F5)
          The tractor remains at rest on the slope if the kinetic energy in initial position 6 is insufficient to bring
          the centre of gravity above the maximum height.
                         tan N2 - x 61 /z 6il
          If - N 2 > A6, it follows that:
                         N4 = N3 [1 - cos ( - A 6 - N2)]
                         N4 • M • G > j (Q6 + M • N32) 08 2
                                    N5
          If the condition for 'remaining at rest' is not fulfilled, the resulting speed of rotation in the position in
          which the centre of gravity of the tractor reaches maximum height (unstable equilibrium) is: 09 (a>end),
          with:
                         N6 = - N4
                         O,.     l/. 2 . M .-.°.-N6
                             •i     Q6 + M • N32
          The tractor continues to roll over at this speed of rotation. If angle | — N2| is less than the gradient angle
          A6, the centre of gravity is outside the vertical in figure 29 after the protection structure has struck the
          ground, i. e. already above the point of potential unstable equilibrium. Consequently, the tractor will
          continue to roll over in all cases. Figure 30 shows the individual roll-over stages of a tractor with rear-
          mounted protection structure rolling over on the engine bonnet.
          The computer program is set out in BASIC programming language in Appendix 4. This program prints
          out the speeds of rotation in the individual phases, first for the case of cylindrical roll-over and then — if
          continuous rolling does not occur — for the second possible mode of roll-over, together with the final
          result of the calculation. Appendix 4 also contains a flow chart.
                                                               Appendix 3
                                              Figures relating to non-continuous roll-over
                                                     .L6
                                                                                                            H6 = H
                     / | ^ 7    'L7.T-7T*{^V                         y          /7//97TF/////
                                               Mass M                    • • kg
                                               Front tyres               .. V
                                               Rear tyres                .. h
                                               Moment of inertia Q       .. kgm2
                                                                Figure 1
                    Data required for calculating the overturn of a tractor with triaxial rolling behaviour.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                    No C 222/21
                                                            Figure 2
         Schematic representation of the roll-over behaviour of narrow-track tractors with protection bars
         mounted in the rear, central and forward positions respectively. The axes of rotation 1 to 4 that occur are
         indicated. On account of the coordinate systems that are needed later in the calculation, axes 2 and 3 are
         here identical, as are axes 4 and 5. Indices 2 and 4 designate the tractor positions before a rotation about
         the axes of rotation 2 and 4; indices 3 and 5 designate the positions after a rotation about the axes of
                                                       rotation 2 and 4.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/22                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                                            Figure 3
          Diagram showing the protection structure height needed in order to avoid continuous roll-over as a
          function of the longitudinal attitude referred to the centre of gravity. Depending on the position of the
          protection structure, the tractor will be more likely to roll over forwards — cylindrically parallel to axis
          2 — or backwards after the impact of the bar. The straight lines represent the result of the calculation in
          accordance with one of the three characteristic modes of roll-over, and the actual transition from one
                                  roll-over mode to another is indicated by the dotted line.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                    Official Journal of the European Communities                                 No C 222/23
                                              Figures 4, 5 and 6
         Tilt and overturn attitudes and axes of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/24                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                   2. 9. 85
                                                      Figures 7, 8 and 9
           Overturn attitudes and axes of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially. On reaching the
                     position of instability shown in figures 8 and 9, the tractor continues to roll over.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                    No C 222/25
                     U Vertical
              Figure a                                                           Figure d
              Figure b                                                                Figure e
                                                                                                Vertical
        C^~~^S       01((0eo)\
             Figure c                                                                  Figure f
                                                           Figure 10
            Stages of overturn, axes of rotation and speeds of rotation of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/26              Official Journal of the European Communities                             2. 9. 85
                                               Figure 11
            Measurements to determine the height of the centre of gravity in the tilted position.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                 No C 222/27
                                                        Figure 12
         Drop height and measurements of an overturning tractor with a front swing axle, assuming that the tilt
                                          axis passes through the tyre centre.
                                                        Figure 13
                    Forces and velocities acting on the tractor during the impact of the rear wheel.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/28                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                  2. 9. 85
                                                         Figure 14
          Characteristic points and measurements of the tractor when it is reduced to the plane of the centre of
                      gravity for determination of the impulses and the continuous rolling velocities.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                         Official Journal of the European Communities                             No C 222/29
                                                       Figure 15
         Axes of rotation of the tractor after impact on the wheels, and a diagram for coordinate transfor-
                                                       mation.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/30                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                   2. 9. 85
                                                            Figure 16
                              Determination of the angle of inclination in the roll-over direction.
                                          1A?    Position 3       Position 2
                                                            Figure 17
          Tilting of the tractor from position 2 to position 3 with impact and penetration of the roll-over protec-
                                                         tion structure.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                No C 222/31
                                                 P(*2,k, Z2ik)
                                          P( x 3,k. Z3,k)
                                           *2,3
                                                            Figure 18
                                Coordinate transformation from position 2 to position 3.
                                                           Figure 19
              Diagram for determination of the energy levels during rotation from position 2 to position 3.
                                                            Figure 20
         Attitude in the overturned position of a tractor with a roll-over protection structure at the point of
                                          equilibrium between front and rear.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/32                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                                           Figure 21
           Tractor data for determining the point of equilibrium for the roll-over protection structure so that a
                             roll-over cannot occur on either the rear wheel or the front wheel.
                                                           Figure 22
          Attitude of the tractor with roll-over protection structure at the point of equilibrium after it has struck
                                                           the slope.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85              Official Journal of the European Communities                          No C 222/33
                                                                 Axisl
                                             Figure 23
                  Diagram of the tractor as it rolls over backwards about axis 4.
                                            Figure 24
         Diagram for determination of the energy levels in the continuous rolling position.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/34      Official Journal of the European Communities                      2. 9. 85
                                                      ^      /Positions
                                                                        Position 4
                                                                   s
                                   Axis 4 A         •'                i
                                                \ /                 /
                                       Figure 25
            Diagram of the tractor as it tilts from position 4 to position 5.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                   No C 222/35
                                *m>
                                                         Figure 26
         Measurements of the tractor in position 5 in order to calculate the impulse forces acting on the roll-over
         protection structure. The tractor is reduced to an equivalent cross-section through the centre of gravity
                                           perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
                                                         Figure 27
              Diagram for determination of the energy levels during the tilt from position 4 to position 5.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/36 Official Journal of the European Communities  2. 9. 85
                                 Figure 28
                    Diagram of the tractor in position 6.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                     No C 222/37
                                                           Figure 29
                    Diagram for determination of the energy levels in the continuous rolling position.
                                                                                        W'
                                                           Figure 30
         Stages of the overturn of a tractor which is rolling over triaxially (plan and elevation) and the coordinate
                                              systems used in the calculation.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/38                       Official Journal of the European Communities                                   2. 9. 85
                                                         APPENDIX 4
                        Flow diagram and computer program (BASIC) with example of calculation
                                                         Flow diagram
          for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning tractor with a front-
                              centre- or rear-mounted roll-over protection structure (ROPS)
           Version Bl: Point of impact of ROPS behind longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
          Version B2: Point of impact of ROPS near longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
          Version B3: Point of impact of ROPS in front of longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
                                               Yes                                                     No
                                              Yes                                                      No
                                              Yes
                                    Calculation in accordance                          Calculation in accordance
                                         with version B1                                   with version B3
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                            N o C 222/39
                                                    Flow diagram (detailed)
         for the computer program for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning
                   tractor with a front-, centre- or rear-mounted roll-over protection structure (ROPS)
                                                             /          Data input       /
                                                              Tilting, impact of wheels.
                                                         Continuous roll-over about upper
                                                         wheel edges until impact of ROPS
                                           Yes                       the engine bonnet                   No
                                                                      touch the ground
                                                                   'before the impact of
                                                                         tRe ROPS?'
                                                                                                         No
                                                          Centre-mounted ROPS and cylindrical
                                                           roll-over. Continuous roll-over about
                                                            axis 1 parallel to upper wheel edge
                                            Yes
                                  Rear-mounted ROPS, continuous                               Front-mounted ROPS. Continuous
                                 roll-over about upper wheel edges                            roll-over about upper wheel edges
                                        until impact of ROPS                                         until impact of ROPS
                                                                                                                                  No
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/40               Official Journal of the European Communities                                 2. 9. 85
          (cont'd)
                   Yes
                                                                            Continuous roll-over about
                                       Continuous roll-over about
                                                                             ROPS & rear wheel until
                                    ROPS-front wheel until impact
                                                                          unstable equilibrium is reached
                                            of engine bonnet
                                                                      Yes
                      Yes
                                       Continuous roll-over about
                                     TOPS and engine bonnet until
                                     .instable equilibrium is reached
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                                       Official Journal of the European Communities No C 222/41
20    PRINT " * CALCULATION OF THE CONTINUOUS ROLL-OVER BEHAVIOUR OF A NARROW-TRACK                   *•
30    PRINT • * TRACTOR WITH A PROTECTION BAR MOUNTED I N FRONT OF OR BEHIND THE                      *'
40    PRINT ' * DRIVER'S SEAT - PROGRAM OF 1 0 . 6 . 8 0 / 7 . 7 . 8 2                                *•
60    REM
70    REM       ELASTICITY FACTOR U*0»2r DEFORMATION T*0*2r ANGLE OF SLOPE A0»0.588» DIMENSIONS
80    REM       OF THE DATA IN <M)» (KGMT2) AND <RAD) THE SIGN DIGIT L6 IS NEGATIVE IF THE
81    REM       POINT LIES IN FRONT OF THE S PLANE
90    REM
 100  PRINT •                                                      TRACTOR DATA
110   READ Hl»L3rL2rD3rD2rH6»L6»B6»H7»B7rL7»H0»SrB0rD0>A0>M>a»U»T
120   IF B6 S+BO THEN 2480
130   GOTO 2590
150   REM
 160  REM                                                    START OF THE CALCULATION
170   0=9,80665
190 REM         •*      VERSION B2 POINT OF IMPACT NEAR POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM                         *"
210   B=B6
220   H=H6
230   REM                    CENTRE OF GRAVITY IN THE TILTED POSITION
240   R2=SQR<H1+H1+L3+L3>
250   C1=ATN<H1/L3>
260   L0=L3+L2
270   L9=ATN<H0/L0)
280   H9=R2+SIN(C1-L9)
290   W1=H9/TAN(C1-L9>
300   W2=SQR<H0+H0+L0*L0>
310   Sl=S/2
320   F1=ATN(S1/W2>
330   W3=(W2-W1)+SIN(F1)
340   W4=ATN<H9/W3)
350    W5=SQR(H9+H9+W3+W3)+SIN(W4+D0>
360   W6=W3-SQR<W3*W3fH9*H9>+C0S<W4+D0>
370   W7=W1+W6+SIN<F1>
380   W8=ATN(W5/W7)
390   W9=SIN(W8+L9)+SQR<W5+W5+W7+W7)
400   WO=SGR < W9+W9+ < S1-W6+C0S < F1))T2)
410   G1=SQR(((S+B0)/2>T2+H14«H1)
420   G2=ATN(2+H1/(S+B0)>
430   G3»W0-G1*C0S(A0+G2)
440    00=SQR(2+M+G+G3/(Q+M+(W0+G1)*(W0+G1)/4))
450   F2=ATN( ( <D3-D2)/L0>/(1~< (D3-D2)/<2'fL3+2+L2) )T2) )
460   L8»TAN(F2>+(H-H1>
470   REM                    COORDINATES IN POSITION 1
480   XC1»13=H1
490   XCl»23=XClr33=0
500   XCl»43=(l+C0S(F2>>fD2/2
1510  XClr53 = (l+C0S(F2))+D3/2
520   XClr63=H
530   XC1>73=H7
540   YC1>13=0
550 Y C l r 2 ! N L 2
560 YC1»33=-L3
570 Y C l » 4 3 = L 2 + S I N ( F 2 ) * D 2 / 2
580 YCl»53=-L3+SIN(F2>+D3/2
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/42                 Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85
590 YClr63=-L6
600 YClr73=L7
610 ZClrl3=(S+B0>/2
620 ZCl»23=Zr.lf33=Zr.l»43=ZCl»53=0
630 Ztl»63=(S+B0>/2-B/2
640 ZClr73=<S+B0>/2-B7/2
650 01=02=03=04=05=06«07=08=09»0
660 Kl=YClr43+TAN<F2)+Xi:i,43
670 K2=XClfl3
680 K3=ZClrl3
690 K4=Kl-XClrlD
700 01 = (Q+M+K3+K3-U+M+K4+K4-< 1+U >+M+K2+K4)+00/< Q+M+K3+K3+M+K4+K4)
710 REM             COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 1 TO 2
720 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1
730 Xr^»K3=C0S(F2> + <Xi:irK3-Hl>+SIN<F2>+YClrK3-K4+C0S<F2>
740 YC2»K3=YClrK3+C0S(F2)-<X[:irK3-Hl>*SIN<F2)
750 ZC2»K3=ZLlrK3
760 NEXT K
770 02=01+C0S<F2)
780 A2=ATN<TAN<A0>/SQR(1+<TAN<F2>)T2/<(COS(AO))T2)))
790 C2=ATN(ZC2r63/XC2r63>
800 T2=T
810 V0=SQR<XC2r63T2+ZC2r63T2>
820 E1=T2/V0
830 E2=<V0+YC2r43>/<Yr.2»43-Yr.2f63>
840 T3=E1+E2
850 E4=SQR<XC2»13+XC2»13+ZC2»13*ZC2»13>
860 V6=ATN<XC2rl3/Zr.2rl3>
870 REM             TRACTOR ROTATION FROM POSITION 2 TO POSITION 3
880 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1
890 IF ZC2rK3=0 THEN 920
900 E3=ATN<XC2rK3/Zr.2rK3>
910 GOTO 930
920 E3=-3.14159/2
930 XC3,K3=SQR<XC2rK3+Xr.2fK3+ZC2rK3*Z[:2>K3>+SIN<E3+C2+El)
940 YC3»K3=YC2rK3
950 ZC3»K3=SQR<XC2»K3T2+ZC2»K3T2)+C0S<E3+C2+E1)
960 NEXT K
970 IF ZC3>73<0 THEN 2460
980 ZC3*63=0
990 Q3=G+<C0S<F2)> 2+3+0+<SIN<F2>> 2
1000 V5=<Q3+M+E4*E4>+02+02/2
1010 IF -V6>A2 THEN 1030
1020 GOTO 1050
1030 V7=E4+<1~C0S<-A2~V6>>
1040 IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 1220
1050 VB=E4+C0S(-A2-V6)-E4+C0S(-A2-ATN(XC3r13/ZC3r13))
1060 03=SGR(2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02)
1070 K9=XC3»13
1080 K5=ZC3fl3
1090 K6=ZC3rl3+El+V0
1100 K7=V0»XC3»13
1110 K8=U
1120 04=(Q3+M+K5+K6-K8+M+K7+K7-(1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+ 03/(Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7)
1130 N3=SQR<<Xr.3»63-XC3>13>T2+<Zr.3»63-ZC3»13T2>
1140 N2=ATN(-(XC3f63-XC3fl3)/ZC3»13)
1150 Q6=G3+M+N3T2
1160 IF -N2 <= A2 THEN 1210
1170 N4=N3+<1-C0S<-A2-N2>>
1180 N5=<Q6)+04+04/2
1190 IF N4+M+G>N5 THEN 1220
1200 09=SQR(-2+M+G+N4/< Q6)+04+04)
1210 GOSUB 2510
1211 GOSUB 2513
1212 GOTO 2660
1220 GOSUB 2510
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                       Official Journal of the European Communities    No C 222/43
1221 IF L6>L8 THEN 1610
1230 REM
1250 REM        VERSION B3 (POINT OF IMPACT IN FRONT OF POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM)
1264    03=04=05=06=07=08=09=0
1265    E2=(V0+YC2f53)/(YC2r53-YC2*63)
1266    T3=E2+E1
1270    ZC3*63=0
1280    Q3=Q+(C0S(F2>>T2+3+Q*(SIN(F2))T2
1290    V5=(G3+M+E4+E4)+02*02/2
1300    IF -V6>A2 THEN 1320
1310   GOTO 1340
1320    V7=E4+(1-C0S(--A2-V6))
1320    IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 1600
1340     V8=EA+C0S(-A2-V6)~E4+C0S(~A2-ATN(XC3»13/ZC3f13))
1350   03=SQR < 2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02)
1360   K9=XC3»13
1370    K5=ZC3>13
1380    K6=ZC3rl3+T3
1390    K7=E2-XC3rl3
1400   K8=U
1410   04= < Q3+M+K5*K6~K8+M+K7+K7~<1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+03/(Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7)
1420    F3=ATN(V0/(YC3r53-YC3r63))
1430    05=04+C0S(F3)
1440   REM             COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM POSITION 3 TO POSITION 4
1450   FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1
1460    XC4»K3=XC3fK3+C0S(F3)+(YC3»K3-YC3f53)*SIN<F3)
1470    YC4»K3=<YC3rK3-YC3f53)+C0S(F3)--X(3»K3+SIN(F3)
1480   ZC4fK3=ZC3rK3
1490   NEXT K
1500     A4=ATN(TAN(A0)/SQR(1+(TAN(F2+F3))T2/((COS(AO))T2)))
1510    Ml=SQR(XC4fl3T2+ZC4>13T2)
1520    M2=ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4rl3>
1530    Q5=Q+(C0S(F2+F3>>T2+3+Q+(SIN(F2+F3))?2
1540   IF -M2 A4 THEN 1590
1550    M3=M1+(1-C0S(~A4-M2))
1560    M4=(Q5+M+M1+M1)+05+05/2
1570    IF M3+M+G>M4 THEN 1600
1580    09=SQR(05+05-2+M+G+M3/(Q5+M+Ml+Ml))
1590   GOSUB 2511
1591   GOSUB 2513
.1592  GOTO 2660
1600   GOSUB 2511
1601   GOSUB 2520
1605   GOTO 2660
1620 REM      VERSION Bl (POINT OF IMPACT BEHIND POINT OF EQUILIBRIUM)
1640   REM
1645    03=04=05=06=07=08=09=0
1650   ZC3r63=0
1660    Q3=Q+(C0S(F2)>T2+3+Q+(SIN(F2))?2
1670    V5=(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02+02/2
1680   IF -V6>A2 THEN 1700
1690   GOTO 1720
1700    V7=E4+(1-C0S(-A2-V6>>
1710   IF V7+M+G>V5 THEN 2440
1720    V8=E4+C0S(-A2-V6)~E4+C0S(-A2--ATN(XC3>13/Zr.3,13))
1730    03=SQR(2+M+G+V8/(Q3+M+E4+E4)+02*02)
1740   K9=XC3rl3
1750   K5=ZC3>13
1760    K6=ZC3»13+T3
1770   K7=E2~XC3fl3
1780   K8=U
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/44                   Official Journal of the European Communities 2. 9. 85
1790 04-(Q3+M+K5+K6-K8+M+K7+K7-(1+K8)+M+K9+K7)+03/< Q3+M+K6+K6+M+K7+K7)
1800 F3*ATN(V0/<YC3»43-Yr.3r63>>
1810 05=04+C0S<F3>
1820 REM              COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 3 TO 4
1830 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1
1840  XC4rK3=XC3»K3+C0S<F3>+<YC3»K3-YC3r43>*SIN<F3>
1850 Yr.4»K3 = <YC3»K3-Yr.3,43)+C0S<F3>-XC3»K3+SIN<F3>
1860 zr.4riaszr.3ria
1870 NEXT K
1880  A4=ATN(TAN(A0)/SQR(1+(TAN<F2+F3))T2/<(COS(AO))T2)))
1890 C3=ATN<ZC4r73/XC4*73>
1900 C4=0
1910  C5=SQR<XC4r73*XC4»73+ZC4r73+ZC4»73>
1920 C6=C4/C5
1930 C7=C5+<Yr.4r63-YC4»13)/<Yr.4»63-YC4»73>
1940 C8=C6+C7
1950 Ml=SQR<XC4rl3T2+ZC4»13T2)
1960 M2»ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4rl3>
1970 REM               TRACTOR ROTATION FROM POSITION 4 TO POSITION 5
1980 FOR K=l TO 7 STEP 1
1990 IF ZC4rK3#0 THEN 2020
2000 C9=-3*14159/2
2010 GOTO 2030
2020 C9=ATN(XC4rK3/Zr.4rK3>
2030  XC5»K3=SQR(XC4fK3T2+ZC4rK3T2)+SIN(C9+C3+C6)
2040 YC5»K3=Yr.4rK3
2050  ZC5fK3=SQR(XC4rK3T2+ZC4»K3T2)*C0S<C9+C3+C6)
2060 NEXT K
2070 ZC5r73=0
2080 05=Q+<C0S<F2+F3> >T2+3+Q+<SIN<F2+F3> >T2
2090 IF -M2>A4 THEN 2110
2100 GOTO 2140
2110 M3=M1+<1-C0S<-A4-M2>>
2120 M4=<Q5+M*M1+M1>+05+05/2
2130 IF M3+M+OM4 THEN 2440
2140  M5=Ml*C0S(-A4-ATN(XC4rl3/ZC4»13))-Ml*C0S(-A4-ATN(XC5»13/ZC5rl3))
2150 06»SQR < 2+M+G+M5/(Q5+M+M1+M1)+05+05)
2160 M6=XC5»13
2170 M7=ZC5rl3
2180 M8=Zr.5»13+C8
2190 M9»C7-XC5rl3
2200 N1=U
2210  07=(Q5+M+M7+M8-N1+M+M9+M9-(1+N1)+M+M6+M9)+06/(Q5+M+M8+M8+M+M9+M9)
2220 F5=ATN(C5/(YC5r63-YC5»73)>
2230  AG=ATN(TAN(A0>/SQR(1+<TAN<F2+F3+F5>)T2/(<COS(AO))T2)))
2240 REM             COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION FROM 5 TO 6
2250 F0RK=1 TO 7 STEP 1
2260  XC6»K3=XC5»K3*C0S(F5)+(YC5»K3-YC5r63+SIN(F5)
2270  YC6»K3=(YC5»K3-YC5F63)*C0S<F5)-XC5fK3+SIN(F5)
2280 ZC6»K3=ZC5»K3
2290 NEXT K
2300 08=07+C0S<-F5>
2310 N2=ATN<XC6rl3/ZC6»13>
2320 N3=SQR<XC6»13T2+ZC6»13T2>
2330 Q6=Q+<C0S<F2+F3+F5>>?2+3+Q+<SIN<F2+F3+F5> >T2
2340 IF -N2>A6 THEN 2360
2350 GOTO 2400
2360 N4=N3+<1-C0S<-A6-A2>>
2370 N5*(Q6+M*N3+N3)+08*08/2
2380 P9=<N4+M+G-N5)/<N4+M+G)
2390 IF N4+M+ON5 THEN 2440
2400 IF -N2>A6 THEN 2430
2410 N6=-N4
2420 09=SQR(2+M+G+N6/(Q6+M+N3+N3)+08+08)
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                       Official Journal of the European Communities                No C 222/45
2430    GOSUB 2511
2431    GOSUB 2513
2435    GOTO 2660
2440    GOSUB 2511
2441    GOSUB 2520
2445    GOTO 2660
2450   REM
2460    IF ZC3r73>-0.2 THEN 980
2470   PRINT ENGINE BONNET STRIKES THE GROUND BEFORE THE ROPS
2480   PRINT METHOD OF CALCULATION NOT USABLE
2490   GOTO 2660
2510   PRINT "GESCHW. 00      01       02     03       04    05     06     07   08  09C1/S)'
2511   WRITE (15,2585)00,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09
2512   RETURN
2513    PRINT "TRACTOR CONTINUES TO ROLL-OVER
2514   RETURN
2520    PRINT "TRACTOR DOES NOT CONTINUE TO ROLL-OVER
2521   RETURN
2535   REM                              END OF CALCULATION
2540   DIM XC6»73
2550    DIM YC6r73
2560    DIM ZC6r73
2570    FORMAT 12F6.3
2580    FORMAT 2F6.3,2F7.4,2F5.0,2F5.2
2585   FORMAT 5X,10F6.3
2590    REM                      DATA INPUT AND PRINTOUT
2600    DATA 0.622*0.732,1.085,0.993,0.72,1.859,-0.187,0.663,1.148,0.495,1.38,0*501
2601    DATA 0.723,0.27,0.1745,0.588,1500,175,0.2,0.2
2610    PRINT • HI     L3   L2    D3      D2    H6     L6   B6    H7   B7 L7 HO
2620    WRITE <15f2570)H1,L3,L2,D3,D2,H6,L6,B6,H7,B7,L7,HO
2630    PRINT • S     BO   DO    AO     M    Q     U T"
2640    WRITE (15,2580>S,B0,DO»AO,M,Q,U,T
2645   PRINT
2650    GOTO 160
2660   END
E X A M P L E
*    CALCULATION OF THE CONTINUOUS ROLL-OVER BEHAVIOUR OF A NARROW-TRACK                   *
*    TRACTOR WITH A PROTECTION BAR MOUNTED IN FRONT OF OR BEHIND THE                       *
*    DRIVER'S SEAT - PROGRAM OF 10.6.80/7.7.82                                             *
                                   TRACTOR DATA
 HI       L3    L2     D3    D2       H6     L6      B6     H7     B7    L7     HO
0.622 0.732 1.085 0.993 0.720 1.859-0.187 0.663 1.148 0.495 1.380 0.501
   S      BO    DO     AO    M           O U T
0.723 0.270 0.1745 0.5880 1500 175 0.20 0.20
SPEED       00     01    02    03       04      05      06     07    08     09(1/S>
          4.295 1.489 1.472 2.158 0.473 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
          4.295 1.489 1.472 2.158 0.473 0.272 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
TRACTOR DOES NOT CONTINUE TO ROLL OVER
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/46                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                                            ANNEX III
          CONDITIONS FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF PROTECTION STRUCTURES AND OF
                                           THEIR ATTACHMENT TO TRACTORS
          1.      GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
          1.1.    Test purposes
                  Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are imposed on a protection
                  structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests, described in Annex IV, enable observations to
                  be made on the strength of the protection structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor
                  and any parts of the tractor which transmit the test load.
          1.2.    Test methods
                  Tests may be performed in accordance with the dynamic procedure (see Annexes III-A and IV-A)
                  or the static procedure (see Annexes III-B and IV-B), the choice being left to the manufacturer.
                  The two methods are equivalent.
           1.3.   General rules governing preparation for tests
           1.3.1. The protection structure must conform to the series production specifications. It shall be attached
                  in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended method to one of the tractors for which it is
                  designed.
                  A complete tractor is not required for the strength test; however, the protection structure and
                  parts of the tractor to which it is attached shall represent an operating installation, hereinafter
                  referred to as 'the assembly'.
           1.3.2. For both the prior test and the strength test the tractor must be fitted with all series production
                  components which may affect the strength of the protection structure or which may be necessary
                  for the strength test.
                  Components which may create a hazard in the zone of clearance must also be fitted so that they
                  may be examined to see whether the requirements of 4.1 and 4.2 of this Annex have been
                  fulfilled.
                  All components of the tractor or the protection structure including weather protection must be
                  supplied or defined on drawings.
           1.3.3. For the strength tests, all windows, doors, panels and detachable components must be removed
                  so that they may not contribute to the strengthening of the protection structure.
           1.3.4. Track width
                  The track width shall be adjusted such that the protection structure will as far as possible not be
                  supported by the tyres during the strength tests. If these tests are conducted in accordance with
                  the static procedure, it will be possible to remove the wheels.
          1.4.    Tractor reference mass
                  The reference mass mt, used in the formulae (see Annex IV-A and IV-B) to calculate the height of
                  the fall of the pendulum block, the loading energies and the crushing forces, shall be at least that
                  defined in point 2.4 of Annex I to Council Directive 74/150/EEC (i.e., excluding optional acces-
                  sories but including coolant, oils, fuel, tools and driver) plus the protection structure and less 75
                  kilograms. Not included are optional front or rear weights, tyre ballast, mounted implements,
                  mounted equipment or any specialized components.
          2.      TESTS
          2.1     Sequence of tests
                  The sequence of tests shall, without prejudice to the additional tests mentioned in point 1.6 of
                  Annexes IV-A and IV-B, be as follows:
          2.1.1. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the rear of the structure (see point 1.1 of
                  Annex IV-A and IV-B).
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                              Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No C 222/47
         2.1.2. Rear crushing test (dynamic or static tests) (see point 1.4 of Annex IV-A and IV-B).
         2.1.3. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the front of the structure (see point 1.2 of
                 Annex IV-A and IV-B).
         2.1.4. Impact (dynamic tests) or loading (static tests) at the side of the structure (see point 1.3 of
                 Annex IV-A and IV-B).
         2.1.5. Crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static tests) (see point 1.5 of Annex IV-A and
                 IV-B).
         2.2     General requirements
         2.2.1. If, during the test, any part of the restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be
                 restarted.
         2.2.2. No repairs or adjustments to the tractor or protection structure may be carried out during the
                 tests.
         2.2.3. The tractor gear box shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests.
         2.2.4. If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system, between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall
                 be blocked during the tests.
         2.2.5. The side chosen for application of the first impact on the rear of the structure (in the case of
                dynamic tests) or the first load on the rear of the structure (in the case of static tests) shall be that
                which, in the opinion of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of
                impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure. The side impact or
                load and the rear impact or load shall be applied on both sides of the longitudinal median plane
                of the protection structure. The front impact or load shall be applied on the same side of the
                longitudinal median plane of the protection structure as the side impact or load.
         2.3.   Measurement tolerances
         2.3.1. Linear dimensions: ±        3 mm
                except for:              —  tyres deflection: ± 1 mm,
                                        —   structure deflection during horizontal loadings: ± 1 mm,
                                         —  each of the two measurements for the height of fall of the pendulum
                                            block: ± 1 mm.
         2.3.2. Masses: ± 1%
         2.3.3. Forces: ± 2%
         2.3.4. Angles: ± 2%
         3.     ACCEPTANCE CONDITIONS
         3.1.   A protection structure submitted for EEC component type-approval shall be regarded as having
                satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the following conditions:
         3.1.1. After each of the part-tests making up the dynamic or static tests, it shall be free from cracks or
                tears as described in point 3.1 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B.
                If, during the tests, unacceptable cracks or tears appear, an additional impact or crushing, as
                defined in point 1.6 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B, can be applied immediately after the impact or
                crushing which caused the cracks or tears to appear.
         3.1.2. No part of the protection structure shall enter the zone of clearance as defined in point 1.6 of
                Annexes IV-A and IV-B during the tests.
         3.1.3. No part of the zone of clearance shall be outside the protection of the structure, in accordance
                with point 3.2 of Annexes IV-A and IV-B, during the tests.
         3.1.4. The elastic deflection, measured in accordance with point 3.3 of Annex IV-A and IV-B, shall be
                less than 250 mm.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/48                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                     2. 9. 85
          3.2.   There shall be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver. There shall be no projecting part
                 or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any part or acces-
                 sory which is liable to trap him — for example, by the leg or the foot — as a result of the
                 deflections of the structure.
          4.     TEST REPORT
          4.1.   The test report shall be attached to the EEC component type-approval certificate referred to in
                 Annex VIII.
                 The presentation of the report shall be as shown in Annex VI. The report shall include:
          4.1.1. a general description of the protection structure's shape and construction including materials and
                 fastenings (normally at least a scale of 1: 20 for the general drawings and 1 : 2,5 for drawing of
                 the attachments. The main dimensions must figure on the drawings); external dimensions of
                 tractor with protection fitted; main interior dimensions and details of provisions for normal entry
                 and exit and for escape where appropriate; and details of heating and ventilation system, where
                 appropriate;
          4.1.2. details of any special features such as devices to prevent the continuous rolling of the tractor;
          4.1.3. a brief description of any interior padding;
          4.1.4. a statement indicating the type of windscreen and glazing fitted.
          4.2.   The report must identify clearly the tractor type (make, type, trade name, etc.) used for testing
                 and the types for which the protection structure is intended.
          4.3.   If EEC component type-approval is being extended to other tractor types, the report must include
                 the exact reference of the report of the original EEC component type-approval as well as precise
                 indications regarding the requirements laid down in point 3.4 of Annex I.
                                                         ANNEX III-A
                                                   Apparatus and Equipment
                                                       for dynamic tests
          1.     PENDULUM BLOCK
          1.1.   A pendulum block shall be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than
                 6 m above the ground. Means shall be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height
                 of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
          1.2.   The mass shall be 2 000 ± 20 kilograms excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which
                 themselves shall not exceed 100 kilograms. The length of the sides of the impact shall be 680 ± 20
                 mm (see figure 4 of Annex V). The block shall be filled in such a way that the position of its
                 centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped.
          1.3.   The parallelepiped shall be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous
                 release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be
                 released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to
                 the pendulum's plane of oscillation.
          2.     PENDULUM SUPPORTS
                 The pendulum pivot points shall be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does
                 not exceed 1 % of the height of fall.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                       No C 222/49
         3.    LASHINGS
         3.1.  Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the
               tractor in all the cases illustrated (see figures 5, 6 and 7 of Annex V) shall be rigidly attached to a
               non-yielding base beneath the pendulum.
         3.2.  The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core,
               construction 6 x 19 in accordance with ISO 2408 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal
               strands shall have an ultimate tensile strength of 1 770 MPa.
         3.3. The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for
               all tests. For the side impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the
               impact. The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire
               ropes in the appropriate manner.
         4.    WHEEL PROP AND BEAM
         4.1.  A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests
               (see figures 5, 6 and 7 of Annex V).
         4.2. A softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side
              impact as shown in figure 7 of Annex V.
         5.    PROPS AND LASHINGS FOR ARTICULATED TRACTORS
         5.1.  Additional props and lashings shall be used for articulated tractors. Their purpose is to ensure
              that the section of the tractor on which the protection structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a rigid
              tractor.
         5.2. Additional specific details are given in Annex IV-A for the impact and crushing tests.
         6.   TYRE PRESSURES AND DEFLECTIONS
         6.1. The tractor tyres shall not be liquid ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by
              the tractor manufacturer for field work.
         6.2. The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to
               12% of the tyre wall height before tensioning.
         7.   CRUSHING RIG
              A rig as shown in figure 8 of Annex V shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protec-
              tion structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying
              mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor
              tyres do not bear crushing force.
         8.   MEASURING APPARATUS
         8.1. A device such as that illustrated in Annex V, figure 9, for measuring the elastic deflection (the
              difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent residual deflection).
         8.2. A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the zone of clearance and that
              the latter has remained within the structure's protection during the test (see point 3.2.2 of
              Annex IV).
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/50                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                                          ANNEX III-B
                                                    Apparatus and Equipment
                                                          for static tests
           1.   STATIC TESTING RIG
           1.1. The static testing rig shall be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or 'loads' to be applied
                to the protection structure.
           1.2. Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of
                loading and along a flange having a lenght of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and
                700 mm. The stiff flange shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of the flange
                in contact with the protection structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm.
           1.3. The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order
                to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure's load bearing surface as the structure
                deflects.
           1.4. Direction of loading (deviation from horizontal):
                — at start of test, under zero load: ± 2 ° ,
                — during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal. These variations should be
                    kept to a minimum.
           1.5. The deflection rate shall be slow (less than 5 mm/s) so that the load may at all moments be
                considered as 'static'.
          2.    APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE ENERGY ABSORBED BY THE STRUCTURE
          2.1.  The 'force versus deflection' curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by
                the structure. There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is
                applied to the structure; however, 'force' and 'deflection' shall be measured simultaneously and
                collinearly.
          2.2.  The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the
                energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor. The
                energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring shall be ignored.
          3.    MEANS OF ANCHORING THE TRACTOR TO THE GROUND
          3.1.  Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the
                tractor in all the cases illustrated shall be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing
                rig-
          3.2.  The tractor shall be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks,
                etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests. This requirement shall be checked while the loads are
                being applied, by means of the usual devices for measuring length.
                If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflec-
                tions taken into account for plotting the 'force versus deflection' curve is connected to the
                tractor.
          4.    CRUSHING RIG
                A rig as shown in figure 8 of Annex V shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protec-
                tion structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying
                mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor
                tyres do not bear crushing force.
          5.    OTHER MEASURING APPARATUS
          5.1.  A device such as that illustrated in figure 9 of Annex V, for measuring the elastic deflection (the
                difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent residual deflection).
          5.2.  A device for checking that the protection structure has not entered the zone of clearance and that
                the latter has remained within the structure's protection during the test (see point 3.2.2 of
                Annex IV).
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                   No C 222/51
                                                   Annex III-C
                                                     Symbols
         m( (kg)          = tractor reference mass, as defined in point 1.4 of this Annex.
         D(mm)            = deflection of the structure at the point of impact (dynamic tests) or at the point
                            of, and in line with the load application (static tests).
         H(mm)            = falling height of the pendulum block.
         H' ( m m )       = falling height of the pendulum block for additional tests.
         F (N) (Newton)   = static load force.
         Fmax             = maximum static load force occurring during loading, (N) with the exception of
                            the overload.
         F' (N)           = loading force corresponding to E'j.
         F-D              — force/deflection diagram.
         E is (J) (Joule) — energy input to be absorbed during side loading.
         E n (J)          = energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading.
         F v (N)          = vertical crushing force.
         Ej (J)           = strain energy absorbed. Area under F-D curve (see figure 10a of Annex V).
         E'j (J)          = strain energy absorbed after additional loading following a crack or tear (see
                            figures 10b and 10c of Annex V).
         E a (J)          = strain energy absorbed at point when load is removed. Area contained within
                            F-D curve (see figure 10b of Annex V).
         E"; (J)          = strain energy absorbed in overload test in the event of the load having been
                            removed before starting this overload test. Area under F-D curve (see figure 10c
                            of Annex V).
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/52                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                       2. 9. 85
                                                             ANNEX IV
                                                       TEST PROCEDURE
                                                      IV-A — (Dynamic tests)
          1.      IMPACT AND CRUSHING TESTS
          1.1.    Impact of the rear
          1.1.1.  The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the
                  protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes
                  are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, an
                  angle of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by
                  means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of
                  impact at the moment of maximum deflection.
                  The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent
                  the block from turning about the point of impact.
                  The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a
                  rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of
                  the block shall be one-sixth of the width of the top of the protection structure inwards from a
                  vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the
                  top of the protection structure.
                  If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied
                  thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
          1.1.2.  The tractor shall be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both
                  axles, arranged as indicated in figure 5 of Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lash-
                  ing points shall be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The
                  rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes
                  is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the block travels.
                  The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in point 6.2 of
                  Annex III-A.
                  With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the
                  rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
          1.1.3.  If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by
                  a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
          1.1.4.  The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at
                  the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the
                  reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
                  H = 25 + 0,07 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms,
                   H = 125 + 0,02 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms.
                  The block is then released and strikes the protection structure.
           1.2.    Impact at the front
           1.2.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the
                  protection structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes
                  are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, an
                  angle of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise, the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by
                  means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of
                  impact at the moment of maximum deflection.
                  The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so
                  as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
                  The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first if
                  the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge. The position
                   of the centre of gravity of the weight shall be one-sixth of the width of the top of the protection
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                     N o C 222/53
                structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the
                outside extremity of the top of the protection structure.
                If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied
                thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
         1.2.2. The tractor shall be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both
                axles, arranged as indicated in figure 6 of Annex V. The spacing between the front and rear lash-
                ing points shall be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The
                rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes
                is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum blocks travels.
                The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in point 6.2 of
                Annex III-A.
                With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the
                rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
         1.2.3. If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by
                a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
         1.2.4. The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at
                the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the
                reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
                H = 25 + 0,07 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms,
                H = 125 + 0,02 mt for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms.
                The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protection structure.
         1.3.   Impact from the side
         1.3.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the weight that the pendulum block will strike the
                protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes
                are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact has, during reflection, an angle
                of less than 20° to the vertical. Otherwise, the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by
                means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of
                impact at the moment of maximum deflection.
                The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to
                prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
                The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a
                sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge. Unless it is certain that another part of
                this edge would hit the ground first, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to
                the median plane of the tractor.
         1.3.2. The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact shall be lashed to the ground by
                means of wire ropes passing over the corresponding ends of the front and rear axles. The wire
                ropes shall be tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in point 6.2 of Annex III-A
                on the side which is to receive the impact.
                With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed on the ground, pushed tight
                against the tyres on the side opposite that which is to receive the impact and then fixed to the
                ground. It may be necessary to use two beams or wedges if the outer sides of the front and rear
                tyres are not in the same vertical plane.
                The prop shall then be placed as indicated in figure 7 of Annex V, against the rim of the wheel
                opposite to the impact, pushed firmly against the rim and then fixed at its base.
                The length of the prop shall be such that it makes an angle of 30 ±3° with the ground when in
                position against the rim. In addition, its length must, if possible, be between 20 and 25 times
                greater than its thickness and its width between two and three times greater than its thickness.
                The props shall be shaped at both ends as shown in the details on figure 7 of Annex V.
         1.3.3. If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by
                a wooden block at least 100 mm square and laterally supported by a device similar to the prop
                pushed against the rear wheel. The point of articulation shall then be lashed firmly to the
                ground.
         1.3.4. The weight shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point
                of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference
                mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/54                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                           Bb + B
                   H = (25 + 0,20 mt) • ——— for assemblies with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kilograms,
                                           Bb + B
                   H = (125 + 0,15 mt) • ———for assemblies with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kilograms,
                  where Bb is the maximum outer width of the protection structure, and B is the minimum overall
                  width of the tractor.
           1.4.   Crushing at the rear .
                  The beam shall be positioned over the rear uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of
                  crushing forces shall be located in the tractor's median plane.
                  A force Fv = 20 mt shall be applied.
                  Where the rear part of the protection structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the
                  force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part
                  of the protection structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the
                   vehicle's mass when overturned. The force shall then be removed, and the tractor or loading
                  force repositioned so that the beam is over that point of the protection structure which would
                  then support the tractor when completely overturned.
                  The force Fv shall then be applied. The force shall be applied for a minimum of five seconds
                  following the cessation of any visually detectable deflection.
          1.5.    Crushing at the front
                  The beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant
                  of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor's median plane.
                   A force Fv = 20 mt shall be applied.
                   Where the front part of the protection structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the
                  force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part
                  of the protection structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the
                  vehicle's mass when overturned.
                  The force Fv shall then be applied. The force shall be applied for a minimum of five seconds
                  following the cessation of any visually detectable deflection.
          1.6.    Additional test
           1.6.1. If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during an impact test, a second
                  similar impact, but from a height of fall equal to:
                              H_ 12 + 4a
                              10 1 + 2a
                  shall be applied immediately after the impact which caused these cracks or tears to appear, 'a'
                  being the ratio between the permanent deflection and the elastic deflection ('a' = D /D e ),
                  measured at the point of impact.
                  The permanent deflection added by the second impact shall not exceed 30% of the permanent
                  deflection caused by the initial test.
                  For the additional test to be performed, the elastic deflection must be measured during all the
                  impact tests.
          1.6.2.  If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during a crushing test, a second
                  similar crushing test, but with a force of 1,2 Fv, shall be applied immediately after the crushing
                  load, which caused the cracks of tears to appear.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                   No C 222/55
         2.       ZONE OF CLEARANCE
         2.1.     The zone of clearance is shown in Annex V, figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e.
                  The zone of clearance is defined on the basis of:
         2.1.1.   a vertical reference plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat
                  reference point and the centre of the steering wheel; this plane must be able to move horizon-
                  tally with the seat and steering wheel during impacts but to remain perpendicular to the floor of
                  the tractor or of the protection structure if this is resiliently mounted;
         2.1.2.   a reference line contained in the reference plane, which passes through the seat reference point
                  and the first point on the steering wheel rim that it intersects when brought to the horizontal.
         2.2.     The zone of clearance is bounded by the following planes, the tractor being on a horizontal
                  surface and, where the steering wheel is adjustable, its position adjusted for normal seated
                  driving:
         2.2.1.   two vertical planes 250 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending
                  300 mm upwards from the horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point and longi-
                  tudinally at least 550 mm in front of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane
                  passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point;
         2.2.2.   two vertical planes 200 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending
                  300 mm upwards from the horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point and longi-
                  tudinally from the surface defined in 2.2.11 to the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference
                  plane passing 350 mm in front of the seat reference point;
         2.2.3.   an oblique plane perpendicular to the reference plane, parallel with and 400 mm above the
                  reference line, extending backwards to the point where it intersects the vertical plane which is
                  perpendicular to the reference plane and which passes through the seat reference point;
         2.2.4.   an oblique plane, perpendicular to the reference plane and resting on the top of the seat
                  backrest, which meets the previous plane at its rearmost edge;
         2.2.5.   a vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane, passing at least 40 mm forward of the
                  steering wheel and at least 900 mm forward of the seat reference point;
         2.2.6.   a curvilinear surface with its axis perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of
                   150 mm and meeting the planes defined in points 2.2.3 and 2.2.5 at a tangent;
         2.2.7.   two parallel oblique planes passing through the upper edges of the planes defined in 2.2.1, with
                  the oblique plane on the side where the impact is applied no closer than 100 mm to the reference
                  plane above the zone of clearance;
         2.2.8.   a horizontal plane passing through the seat reference point;
         2.2.9.   two portions of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane passing 350 mm forward
                  of the seat reference point, both these part planes joining respectively the rearmost limits of the
                  planes defined in point 2.2.1 to the frontmost limits of the planes defined in point 2.2.2;
         2.2.10. two portions of the horizontal plane passing 300 mm above the seat reference point, both these
                  part planes joining respectively the uppermost limits of the vertical planes defined in point 2.2.2
                  to the lowermost limits of the oblique planes defined in point 2.2.7;
         2.2.11. a curvilinear surface whose generating line is perpendicular to the reference plane and rests on
                  the back of the seat backrest.
         2.3.     Seat location and seat reference point
         2.3.1. Seat reference point
         2.3.1.1. The reference point shall be established by means of the apparatus illustrated in figures 3a and
                  3b of Annex V. The apparatus shall consist of a seat pan board and backrest boards. The lower
                  backrest board shall be jointed in the region of the ischium humps (A) and loin (B), the joint (B)
                  being adjustable in height.
         2.3.1.2. The reference point is defined as the point in the median longitudinal plane of the seat where the
                  tangential plane of the lower backrest and a horizontal plane intersect. This horizontal plane
                  cuts the lower surface of the seat pan board 150 mm in front of the abovementioned tangent.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/56                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                       2. 9. 85
          2.3.1.3. The apparatus shall be positioned on the seat. It shall then be loaded with a force of 550 N at a
                   point 50 mm in front of joint (A), and the two parts of the backrest board shall be lightly pressed
                   tangentially against the backrest.
          2.3.1.4. If it is not possible to determine definite tangents to each area of the backrest (above and below
                   the lumbar region) the following steps should be taken:
                   — where no definite tangent to the lower area is possible: the lower part of the backrest board is
                        pressed against the backrest vertically,
                   — where no definite tangent to the upper area is possible: the joint (B) is fixed at a height of
                        230 mm above the lower surface of the seat pan board, the backrest board being perpendi-
                        cular to the seat pan board. Then the two parts of the backrest board are lightly pressed
                        against the backrest tangentially.
          2.3.2.    Seat position and adjustment for determining the location of the seat reference point.
          2.3.2.1. Where the seat position is adjustable, the seat must be adjusted to its rear uppermost position.
          2.3.2.2. Where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these must be adjusted so that
                   the reference point is in its rear uppermost position.
          2.3.2.3. Where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be blocked at mid-travel, unless this
                   is contrary to the instructions clearly laid down by the seat manufacturer. If such instructions
                   exist, they shall be complied with.
          3.       MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE
          3.1.      Fractures and cracks
                    After each test all structural members, joints and fastening systems shall be visually examined
                   for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
                    Any tears caused by the edges of the pendulum weight shall be ignored.
          3.2.     Zone of clearance
          3.2.1.   During each test the protection structure shall be examined to see whether any part of the
                   protection structure has entered a zone of clearance round the driving seat as defined in 2 of this
                   Annex.
          3.2.2.   In addition, the protection structure shall be examined to determine whether any part of the
                   zone of clearance is outside the protection of the roll-over protection structure. For this purpose
                   it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the roll-over protection structure if any part
                   of it would have come in contact with the ground plane if the tractor had overturned in the
                   direction from which the impact came. For this purpose the front and rear tyres and track setting
                   shall be assumed to be the smallest specified by the manufacturer.
          3.3.     Elastic deflection
                   The elastic deflection shall be measured 900 mm above the reference point, in the vertical plane
                   passing through the point of impact. For this measurement, apparatus similar to that illustrated
                   in figure 9 of Annex V shall be used.
          3.4.     Permanent deflection
                   After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection structure shall be
                   recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protec-
                   tion structure members in relation to the seat reference point shall be recorded.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                          Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No C 222/57
                                                  TEST PROCEDURE
                                                   1V-B — (Static tests)
         1.     LOADING AND CRUSHING TESTS
         1.1.   Loading at the rear
         1.1.1. The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's median
                plane.
                The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the
                ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The vertical plane in
                which the load is applied shall be located at a distance of one-third of the external width of the
                upper part of the structure from the median plane.
                If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied
                thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
         1.1.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3 of Annex III-B.
         1.1.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test shall be at least:
                          Eu = 500 + 0,5 mt
         1.2.   Loading at the front
         1.2.1. The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor's median plane
                and located at a distance of one-third of the external width of the upper part of the structure
                therefrom.
                The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the
                ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper
                edge.
                If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied
                thereon will have to be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
         1.2.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in point 3 of Annex III-B.
         1.2.3. The energy absorbed by the protection structure during the test shall be at least:
                          En = 500 + 0,5 mt
         1.3.   Loading from the side
         1.3.1. The side loading shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the tractor's
                 median plane.
                The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the
                ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge.
         1.3.2. The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in point 3 of Annex III-B.
         1.3.3.           gy absorbed b;
                 The energy            by the protection structure during the test shall be at least:
                                         Bb+B
                          Eis = 1,75 mt
                                           2B
                 where Bb is the maximum external width of the protection structure and B is the minimum
                 overall width of the tractor.
         1.4.   Crushing at the rear
                All provisions identical to those given in point 1.4 of Annex IV-A.
         1.5.   Crushing at the front
                All provisions identical to those given in point 1.5 of Annex IV-A.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/58                            Official Journal of the European Communities                                       2. 9. 85
           1.6.     Overload test (additional test)
           1.6.1.   Where tearing, cracking or bending occurs during a horizontal loading test, an overload test
                    may be required to determine the residual strength of the structure and to ensure that it is suffi-
                    cient to withstand any successive roll-overs (see figures 10a, 10b and 10c).
                    An overload test shall be carried out in all cases where the force decreases by more than 3%
                    during the last 5 % of the deflection reached when the energy required is absorbed by the struc-
                    ture (see figure 10 b).
           1.6.2.   The overload test involves the gradual increase of the horizontal load by increments of 5 % of the
                    initial energy requirement up to a maximum of 20% of energy added (see figure 10 c).
           1.6.2.1. The overload test is satisfactory if, after each increase by 5, 10, or 15"% in the energy required,
                    the force decreases by less than 3% for a 5% increment and remains more than 0,8 F max .
           1.6.2.2. The overload test is satisfactory if, after the structure has absorbed 20% of the added energy, the
                    force exceeds 0,8 F max .
           1.6.2.3. Additional cracks or tears and/or entry into or lack of protection of the zone of clearance due to
                    elastic deflection are permitted during the overload test. However, after the removal of the load,
                    the structure shall not enter the zone of clearance, which shall be completely protected.
           1.7.     Crushing test
                    If cracks or tears which cannot be considered as negligible appear during a crushing test, a
                    second, similar crushing, but with a force of 1,2 Fv, shall be applied immediately after the
                    crushing which caused the cracks or tears to appear.
           2.       ZONE OF CLEARANCE
                    Identical to the zone of clearance described in point 2 of Annex IV-A above, except that the
                    word 'impact' is to be replaced by 'load' in the third line of point 2.2.7.
           3.       MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE
           3.1.     Fractures and cracks
                    After each test all structural members, joints and attachment systems shall be visually examined
                    for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
           3.2.     Zone of clearance
           3.2.1.   During each test the protection structure shall be examined to see whether any part of the
                    protection structure has entered a zone of clearance as defined in point 2 above.
           3.2.2.   In addition, the protection structure shall be examined to determine whether any part of the
                    zone of clearance is outside the protection of the protection structure. For this purpose it shall be
                    considered to be outside the protection of the protection structure if any part of it would have
                    come in contact with flat ground if the tractor had overturned in the direction from which the
                    impact came. For this purpose the front and rear tyre and track setting shall be assumed to be
                    the smallest specified by the manufacturer.
           3.3.      Elastic deflection (under side loading)
                    The eleastic deflection shall be measured 900 mm above the seat reference point, in the vertical
                     plane in which the load is applied. For this measurement, any apparatus similar to that illus-
                    trated in Annex V, figure 9 may be used.
           3.4.      Permanent deflections
                     After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protection structure shall be
                     recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protec-
                     tion structure members in relation to the seat reference point shall be recorded.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85         Official Journal of the European Communities                        No C 222/59
                                                ANNEX V
            • • • • ; • / ,     . . ' . ' • . '
                                                                              w.\, -.Aw-i.**- < ,/
                                                 Figure 1
                      Rig for testing anti-roll properties on '/i,s gradient.
                                                Figure 2a
         Zone of clearance — Cross-section through the reference plane.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/60                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                   2. 9. 85
                                                                                                 • 500-
                                                                                                      400
                                                                       u     \f
              350
                        Figure 2b                                                      Figure 2c
             Zone of clearance — Side view.                               Zone of clearance — Rear view.
                         Figure 2d                                                    Figure 2e
            Zone of clearance seen from above.                    Lower part of the zone of clearance V4 rear view.
 ---pagebreak--- 2.9.85          Official Journal of the European Communities                        No C 222/61
                                                                      Hinge
                                                                     Upper backrest
                                                                     board
                                                                     Lower backrest
                                                                     board
       Dimensions in millimetres
                                         Figure 3a
                Apparatus for determination of seat reference point.
                     Dimensions in millimetres
                                         Figure 3b
                     Method of determining seat reference point.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/62                      Official Journal of the European Communities                                2. 9. 85
                                                                                   Dimensions in millimetres
            Pin marking position
            of centre of gravity
                                                      Figure 4
                              Pendulum block and its suspending chains or wire ropes.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85            Official Journal of the European Communities           No C 222/63
                                                   K
                                                        \
                                                            \
                                                                 V
                                              r^V^-lj
         2 lashings                                                2 lashings
                              Wedging beam
                                         Figure 5
                        Example of tractor lashing — Rear impact.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/64       Official Journal of the European Communities                  2. 9. 85
                                                 N
                                                      \
                                                           \
                                                                 v
                                                                  y\
       2 lashings                                                    2 lashings
                           Wedging beam
                                       Figure 6
                      Example of tractor lashing — Front impact.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85          Official Journal of the European Communities  No C 222/65
         Bevelled
         end
                   Prop              Wedging beam
                                      Figure 7
                    Example of tractor anchorage — Side impact.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/66                        Official Journal of the European Communities                                             2. 9. 85
                                                                                                            Universal
                                                                                                            pin joints
                                                                                                         Double acting
                                                                                                         hydraulic cylinder
                                                                                                       Universal
                                                                                                       pin joints
                                                Supports under front
                                                   and rear axles
                                                          Figure 8
                                                        Crushing rig.
          Note: The configuration of the roll-over protection structure shown is solely for the purpose of illustra-
                tion and for dimensional reference. It does not purport to denote design requirements.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85  Official Journal of the European Communities                                No C 222/67
                                                               Horizontal
                                                              rod attached
                                                              totheROPS
                                                              Vertical support
                                                              attached to the tractor
                                                              chassis or the floor of
                                                              the ROPS
                   1 - Permanent deflection
                   2 - Elastic deflection
                   3 - Total deflection
                        (permanent + elastic deflection)
                               Figure 9
         Example of apparatus for measuring elastic deflection.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/68                      Official Journal of the European Communities                     2. 9. 85
          Force
                                                                         Deflection and force for
                                                                        which the structure has
                                                                         absorbed the calculated
                                                                         energy required (1.1)
                                                              F' = force for calculated
                                                                   energy required
                                                              D' = deflection for calculated
                                                                   energy required
                                                 0.96D' D'                            Deflection
          1.    Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'.
          1.1.  Overload test not necessary since aF' < 1,93 F'.
                                                      Figure 10a
                                 Force/Deflection curve. Overload test not necessary.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                              No C 222/69
                  Force
                                                                                            Deflection and force
                                                                                            for which the structure has
         Fmax                                                                               absorbed the calculated
           aF'                                                                              energy required (1.1)
            F'                                                                               Energy absorbed equal
           bF'                                                                              to 1,05 of energy
                                                                                             required (1.2)
                                                                 1         1
                                                                                        D'1
                                                                                                        Deflection
                                                                0,95   D'     D'
             1.    Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'.
             1.1.  Overload test necessary since aF' > 1,03 F .
             1.2.  Overload test satisfactory since b F >0,97 F and b F >0,8 F max.
                                                          Figure 10b
                                       Force/Deflection curve. Overload test necessary.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/70                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                                 2. 9. 85
                                                                          Energy absorbed equal to
                                                                         energy required (1.1)
                                                                                  Energy absorbed equal to 1,05 of
                                                                                  energy required (1.2)
                                                                                     Energy absorbed equal to
                                                                                     1,10 of energy required (1.3)
                                                                                           Energy absorbed equal to
                                                                                           " - • energy required (1.4)
                                                                                                   Energy absorbed equal to
                                                                                                   1,20 of energy required (1.5)
                                                                                                                     Deflection
                                              0.95D' D'       DS     D' 2    D' 3   D\
                                                           «
                                                               Deflection due to overload
          1.      Reference aF' corresponding to 0,95 D'.
          1.1.    Overload test necessary since aF' > 1,03 F .
          1.2.    Since bF' <0,97 a F , overload test to be continued.
          1.3.    Since cF' <0,97 b F , overload test to be continued.
          1.4.    Since dF' < 0,97 cF, overload test to be continued.
          1.5.    Overload test satisfactory since eF' > 0,8 F max.
          Note: If at any moment F falls below 0,8 F max the structure will be refused.
                                                          Figure 10c
                                  Force/Deflection curve. Overload test to be continued.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                             Official Journal of the European Communities                                      No C 222/71
                                                           ANNEX VI
                                                            MODEL
         Report relating to the EEC component type-approval test of a protection structure (front-mounted bar,
              frame or cab) with regard to its strength as well as to the strength of its attachment to the tractor
              Protection structure                                                     Identification of test station
              Make
              Type
              Tractor make
              Tractor type
              Test method                             I/IIC)
         EEC component type-approval No
         1.       Trade mark or name of protection structure
         2.       Name and address of manufacturer of tractor or protection structure
         3.       If applicable, name and address of tractor or protection structure manufacturer's authorized
                  representative
         4.       Specifications of tractor on which the tests are carried out
         4.1.     Trade mark or name
         4.2.     Type and commercial description
         4.3.     Serial number
         4.4.     Mass of unballasted tractor with protection structure fitted, without driver                        kg
         4.5.     Wheelbase/moment of inertia (•)                                                       mm/kg/m 2 (')
         4.6.     Tyre sizes: front
                              rear
         5.       Extension of EEC component type-approval for other tractor types
         5.1.     Trade mark or name
         5.2.     Type and commercial description
         5.3.     Mass of unballasted tractor, with roll-over protection structure fitted, without driver             kg
         5.4.     Wheelbase/moment of inertia (x)                                                       mm/kg/m 2 (')
         5.5.     Tyre sizes: front
                              rear
         (') Delete where inapplicable.
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/72                        * Official Journal of the European Communities                                    2. 9. 85
          6.       Specifications of protection structure
          6.1.     General arrangement drawing of both the protection structure and its attachment to the tractor
          6.2.     Photographs from side and rear showing mounting details
          6.3.     Brief description of roll-over protection structure including type of construction, details of
                   mounting on the tractor, details of cladding, means of access and escape, details of interior
                   padding, features to prevent continuous rolling and details of heating and ventilation.
          6.4.      Dimensions
          6.4.1.   Height of roof members above the loaded tractor seat/above the seat reference
                   point (2)                                         »                                           mm
          6.4.2.   Height of roof members above the tractor platform                                             mm
          6.4.3.   Interior width of the protection structure at a point above the seat at the height of the
                   centre of the steering wheel                                                                 mm
          6.4.4. Distance from the centre of steering wheel to the right-hand side of protection
                   structure                                                                                    mm
          6.4.5. Distance from the centre of the steering wheel to the left-hand side of protection
                   structure                                                                                    mm
          6.4.6. Minimum distance from the steering wheel rim to the protection structure                       mm
          6.4.7. Width of the doorways:
                   at the top                                                                                   mm
                   in the middle                                                                                mm
                   at the bottom                                                                                mm
          6.4.8. Height of the doorways:
                   above platform                                                                               mm
                   above highest mounting step                                                                  mm
                   above lowest mounting step                                                                   mm
          6.4.9. Overall height of the tractor with the protection structure                  fitted            mm
          6.4.10. Overall width of the protection structure                                                     mm
          6.4.11. Horizontal distance to the rear of the protection structure from the back of the loaded seat at a
                   height of 950 mm/from the seat reference point at a height of 900 mm (')
          6.5.     Details and quality of materials used, standards used
                   Main frame                                                              (material and dimensions)
                   Mountings                                                               (material and dimensions)
                   Cladding                                                                (material and dimensions)
                   Roof                                                                    (material and dimensions)
                   Interior padding                                                        (material and dimensions)
                   Assembly and mounting bolts                                                (grade and dimensions)
          7.       Test results
          7.1.     Impact/load (') and crushing test
                   Impact/load tests were made to the left/right-hand (2) rear and to the right/left-hand (2)
                   front and right/left-hand side (2). The reference mass used for calculating impact energies
                   and crushing forces was                                                                        kg
                   The test requirements concerning fractures or cracks, maximum instantaneous deflection and the
                   zone of clearance were/were not (2) satisfactorily fulfilled
          (') Delete where inapplicable.
          (-) Delete where inapplicable, according to the test method used.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                         Official Journal of the European Communities                       No C 222/73
         7.2. Deflection measured after the tests
              Permanente deflection:
              rear: left-hand                                                                     mm
                      right-hand                                                                  mm
              front: left-hand                                                                    mm
                      right-hand                                                                  mm
              side sideways:
              front                                                                               mm
              rear                                                                                mm
              top downwards:
              front                                                                               mm
              rear                                                                                mm
              Difference between maximum momentary and residual deflection during sideways impact
              test                                                                                mm
         8.   Report number
         9.   Report date
         10.  Signature
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/74                         Official Journal of the European Communities                                      2. 9. 85
                                                         ANNEX VII
                                                           MARKS
          The EEC component type-approval mark shall consist of:
          — a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter 4e' followed by the distinguishing letter(s) or number of
             the Member State which has granted the component type-approval:
                 1 for Germany,
                 2 for France,
                 3 for Italy,
                 4 for the Netherlands,
                 6 for Belgium,
                11 for the United Kingdom,
                13 for the Luxembourg,
                18 for Denmark,
              IRL for Ireland,
               GR for Greece,
          — the EEC component type-approval number which corresponds to the number of the EEC component
             type-approval certificate issued with regard to the strength of the type of protection structure and its
             attachment to the tractor placed under and in the vicinity to the rectangle,
          — the letters SV followed by the number 2, signifying that it concerns a protection structure consisting
             of two front-mounted uprights intended for a narrow-track tractor.
                           EXAMPLE OF AN EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL MARK
                                    Yi                                      -$
                                                                             a/6
                                                                            -&
                                                                                    a/3
                                                                                      I
                                                                                      I
                                                                                              a s= 30 mm
                                                                                     T
                                                                                      a/3
                                                                                     ±
          Legend: The protection structure bearing the EEC component type-approval mark shown above is a
                   structure of the bar type with two front-mounted uprights, intended for a narrow-track tractor
                   (V2), for which EEC component type-approval was granted in Belgium (e6) under the
                   number 43.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                               Official Journal of the European Communities                                             No C 222/75
                                                                 ANNEX VIII
                                   EEC COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
                                                                                                Name of competent authority
         Notification concerning the granting, refusal, withdrawal or extension of EEC component type-approval
         with regard to the strength of a protection structure (front-mounted bar, frame or cab) and to the strength of
                                                       its attachment to the tractor
         EEC component type-approval No
                                                                                                                   extension(')
           1.   Trade name or mark of protection structure
          2.    Name and adress of manufacturer of protection structure
          3.    If applicable, name and address of authorized representative of manufacturer of protection struc-
                ture
          4.    Trade mark or name, type and commercial description of tractor for which protection structure is
                intended
           5. Extension of EEC component type-approval for the following tractor type(s)
          5.1. The mass of the unballasted tractor, as defined in point 1.4 of Annex III exceeds/does not
                exceed (2) the reference mass used for the test by more than 5%
           5.2. The method of attachment and points of attachment are/are not(2) identical
          5.3. All the components likely to serve as supports for the protection structure are/are not(2) iden-
                tical
          6.    Submitted for EEC component type-approval on
          7.    Test station
          8.    Date and number of the report of the test station
          9.    Date of granting/refusal/withdrawal of EEC component type-approval (2)
         10.    Date of granting/refusal/withdrawal of the extension of EEC component type-approval (2)
         11.    Place
         12.    Date
         13.    The following documents, bearing the component type-approval number shown above, are
                annexed to this certificate (e. g. report of the test station)
         14.    Remarks, if any
         15.    Signature
         (') If applicable, state whether this is the first, second, etc. extension of the original EEC component type-approval
         (2) Delete where inapplicable
 ---pagebreak--- No C 222/76                           Official Journal of the European Communities                                    2. 9. 85
                                                          ANNEX IX
                                        CONDITIONS FOR EEC TYPE-APPROVAL
          1.   The application for EEC type-approval of a tractor, with regard to the strength of a protection
               structure and the strength of its attachment to the tractor shall be submitted by the tractor manufac-
               turer or by his authorized representative.
          2.   A tractor representative of the tractor type to be approved, on which a protection structure and its
               attachment, duly approved, are mounted, shall be submitted to the technical services responsible for
               conducting the type-approval tests.
          3.   The technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests shall check whether the
               approved type of protection structure is intended to be mounted on the type of tractor for which the
               type-approval is requested. In particular, it shall ascertain that the attachment of the protection
               structure corresponds to that which was tested when the EEC component type-approval was
               granted.
          4.   The holder of the EEC type-approval may ask for its extension for other types of protection struc-
               tures.
          5.   The competent authorities shall grant such extension on the following conditions:
          5.1. the new type of protection structure and its tractor attachment have received EEC component type-
               approval,
          5.2. it is designed to be mounted on the type of tractor for which the extension of the EEC type-
               approval is requested,
          5.3. the attachment of the protection structure to the tractor corresponds to that which was tested when
               EEC component type-approval was granted.
          6.   A certificate, of which a model is shown in Annex X, shall be annexed to the EEC type-approval
               certificate for each type-approval or type-approval extension which has been granted or refused.
          7.   If the application for EEC type-approval for a type of tractor is introduced at the same time as the
               request for EEC component type-approval for a type of roll-over protection structure intended to
               be mounted on the type of tractor for which EEC type-approval is requested, the checks laid down
               in 2 and 3 will not be made.
 ---pagebreak--- 2. 9. 85                               Official Journal of the European Communities                                             No C 222/77
                                                                  ANNEX X
                                                                   MODEL
                                                                                                Name of competent authority
         Annex to the EEC type-approval certificate for a tractor type with regard to the strength of protection
                structures (front-mounted bar, frame or cab) and the strength of their attachment to the tractor
         (Articles 4 (2) and 10 of Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the
         laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors)
         EEC type-approval No
                                                                                                                     extension(')
           1. Trade name or mark of tractor
           2. Tractor type
           3. Name and address of tractor manufacturer
           4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's authorized representative
           5. Trade name or mark of protection structure
           6. Extension of EEC type-approval for the following type(s) of protection structure
           7. Tractor submitted for EEC type-approval on
           8. Technical service responsible for EEC type-approval conformity control
           9. Date for report issued by that service
         10. Number of report issued by that service
         11. EEC type-approval with regard to the strength of the protection structures and the strength of their
               attachment to the tractor has been granted/refused (2)
         12. The extension of the EEC type-approval with regard to the strength of the protection structures and
               the strength of their attachment to the tractor has been granted/refused (2)
         13. Place
         14. Date
         15. Signature
         (') If applicable, state whether this is the first, second, etc. extension of the original EEC type-approval
         (2) Delete where inapplicable