CELEX: 62000TO0251
Language: en
Date: 2004-12-07 00:00:00
Title: Order of the Court of First Instance (Third Chamber, extended composition) of 7 December 2004. # Lagardère SCA and Canal+ SA v Commission of the European Communities. # Taxation of costs. # Case T-251/00 DEP.

Case T-251/00 DEP
      Lagardère SCA and Canal+ SA 
      v
      Commission of the European Communities
      (Taxation of costs)
      Order of the Court of First Instance (Third Chamber, Extended Composition), 7 December 2004  
      Summary of the Order
      1.     Procedure – Costs – Taxation – Recoverable costs – Definition – Costs incurred by the parties during the stage preceding the
            bringing of proceedings – Not included
      (Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance, Art. 91(b))
      2.     Procedure – Costs – Taxation – Elements to be taken into consideration
      (Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance, Art. 91(b))
      3.     Procedure – Costs – Taxation – Elements to be taken into consideration – Examination of a new and important point of law
      (Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance, Art. 91(b))
      4.     Procedure – Costs – Taxation – Elements to be taken into consideration – Points already raised during the administrative procedure
            – Cooperation between the applicants
      5.     Procedure – Costs – Taxation – Recoverable costs – Expenses necessarily incurred by the parties – Costs of sending pleadings
            – Conditions
      (Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance, Arts 43(6), 91(b), and 102(2))
      1.     It is apparent from Article 91(b) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance that recoverable costs are limited,
         first, to those incurred for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court of First Instance and, second, to those necessary
         for those purposes.
      
      Costs charged by applicants for meetings with the services of the Commission after the decision contested in the main proceedings
         was adopted and before proceedings were brought must be regarded as irrecoverable costs. By ‘proceedings’, Article 91 of the
         Rules of Procedure refers only to the proceedings before the Court of First Instance, to the exclusion of the stage preceding
         those proceedings, irrespective of the fact that the aim of a meeting with the services of the Commission may have been to
         avoid bringing proceedings before the Court.
      
      (see paras 21-22)
      2.     The Community judicature is not empowered to tax the fees payable by the parties to their own lawyers, but it may determine
         the amount of those fees which may be recovered from the party ordered to pay the costs. When ruling on an application for
         taxation of costs, the Court of First Instance is not obliged to take account of any national scale of lawyers’ fees or any
         agreement in that regard between the party concerned and his agents or advisers.
      
      In the absence of Community provisions laying down fee-scales, the Community judicature must make an unfettered assessment
         of the facts of the case, taking into account the purpose and nature of the proceedings, their significance from the point
         of view of Community law as well as the difficulties presented by the case, the amount of work generated by the proceedings
         for the agents and advisers involved and the financial interests which the parties had in the proceedings.
      
      (see paras 23-24)
      3.     As regards the purpose and nature of the proceedings in the main action and their significance from the point of view of Community
         law, the examination of a new and important question of law which was not mentioned during the administrative procedure before
         the Commission and which is related to matters in respect of which the Commission developed and published its new policy when
         the proceedings in the main action were under way may justify the intervention of highly specialised lawyers working many
         hours at very high hourly rates and the fact that the applicants are represented by a number of lawyers.
      
      (see para. 26)
      4.     As regards the volume of work carried out in the context of the main proceedings, the Community judicature may take account
         of the fact that some of the pleas raised by the applicants have already been the subject of an exchange of views during the
         administrative procedure before the Commission, and that the lawyers of those parties must therefore have been very familiar
         with the matters raised owing to their participation in that other procedure. 
      
      The Community judicature may also take into account the fact that the applicants have worked together in preparing the application
         and other pleadings, lodging them jointly, not by separate documents, even where each of the applicants was represented by
         different lawyers and no formal agreement for sharing tasks has been concluded between them, and may thus take the view that
         bringing the action jointly must have reduced the time devoted, inter alia, to the preparation and drafting of the pleadings
         by the lawyers of each of the applicants. However, the Community judicature may also take into account that, by cooperating
         in that way, the applicants have significantly reduced the costs, in terms of work, of the defendant, and, moreover, also
         of the Community judicature.
      
      (see paras 29-30)
      5.     In determining whether the costs of sending pleadings and other documents to the Court were necessary, the Court of First
         Instance takes account, first, of the existence of other safe and manifestly less expensive means of sending documents, secondly,
         of the fact that Article 102(2) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance provides for an extension of time-limits
         on account of distance in order to allow more conventional and less expensive means to be used, and, lastly, of the fact that
         Article 43(6) of the Rules of Procedure provides that pleadings may be lodged by modern means of communication, inter alia
         by fax, provided that the signed original is lodged no later than 10 days thereafter.
      
      (see para. 34)
ORDER OF THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE (Third Chamber, Extended Composition)
      7 December 2004 (*)
      
      (Taxation of costs)
      In Case T-251/00 DEP,
      Lagardère SCA,  established in Paris (France), represented by A. Winckler, lawyer,
      
      Canal+ SA, established in Paris, represented by J.-P. de La Laurencie, lawyer, with an address for service in Luxembourg,
      
      applicants,
      v
      Commission of the European Communities,  represented initially by F. Lelievre and W. Wils and subsequently by É. Gippini Fournier, acting as Agents, with an address
         for service in Luxembourg,
      
      defendant,
      APPLICATIONS for taxation of the costs following the judgment of the Court of First Instance of 20 November 2002 in Case T-251/00
         Lagardère      and      Canal+ v Commission [2002] ECR II-4825,
      
       
      THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (Third Chamber, Extended Composition)
      composed of: M. Jaeger, President, V. Tiili, J. Azizi, E. Cremona and O. Czúcz, Judges,
      Registrar: H. Jung,
      makes the following
      Order
       Facts, procedure and forms of order sought by the parties
      1       By judgment of 20 November 2002 in Case T-251/00 Lagardère and Canal+ v Commission [2002] ECR II-4825 (‘the main action’ or ‘the main proceedings’), the Court annulled the Commission decision of 10 July 2000
         amending the Commission decision of 22 June 2000 declaring concentrations compatible with the common market and with the functioning
         of the Agreement on the European Economic Area (Cases COMP/JV40 Canal+/Lagardère and COMP/JV47 Canal+/Lagardère/Liberty Media),
         and ordered the Commission to pay the costs. 
      
      2       By letter of 6 January 2003, Lagardère asked the Commission to pay it the sum of EUR 179 160.44 in respect of its costs in
         the main action. On 16 January 2003, the Commission asked Lagardère to provide documentary evidence in support of that claim.
         By letter of 12 February 2003, Lagardère provided a more detailed statement of the costs incurred and continued to claim the
         full amount. On 10 March 2003, the Commission refused reimbursement of the costs claimed, and offered to pay Lagardère the
         sum of EUR 20 000. 
      
      3       By letter of 5 March 2003, Canal+ asked the Commission to pay it the sum of EUR 225 863.24 in respect of its costs in the
         main action. On 12 March 2003, the Commission asked Canal+ to provide documentary evidence in support of that claim. By letter
         of 4 June 2003, Canal+ provided a more detailed statement of the costs incurred and continued to claim the full amount. On
         17 June 2003, the Commission refused reimbursement of the costs claimed, and offered to pay Canal+ the sum of EUR 20 000.
         On 29 October 2003, Canal+ resubmitted its claim of 5 March 2003 to the Commission. 
      
      4       By applications lodged at the Court Registry on 2 July 2003 and 20 April 2004, respectively, Lagardère and Canal+ applied
         for taxation of costs pursuant to Article 92(1) of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of First Instance.
      
      5       Lagardère claims that the Court should fix the costs payable to it by the Commission at EUR 179 160.44.
      6       Canal+ claims that the Court should fix the costs payable to it by the Commission at EUR 228 463.24.
      7       By pleadings lodged at the Court Registry on 18 August 2003 and 23 July 2004, the Commission submitted its observations on
         the respective claims of Lagardère and Canal+. The Commission contends that the Court should fix the costs recoverable by
         the two applicants at EUR 43 250 to be shared between them. 
      
       Arguments of the parties
       Arguments of Lagardère
      8       In its letters of 6 January and 12 February 2003, to which it refers in its application for taxation of costs, Lagardère asked
         the Commission to pay the costs itemised as follows:
      
      –       lawyers’ fees: for 407.5 hours worked, 72.75 by a partner at an hourly rate of between USD 550 and USD 765, 246 by an experienced
         lawyer at an hourly rate of between USD 360 and USD 480 and 88.75 hours by trainee lawyers at an hourly rate of between USD 120
         and USD 190, a total of approximately EUR 167 000 in lawyers’ fees, itemised in four fee notes covering, essentially, the
         costs relating to: (a) a meeting with the services of the Commission on 27 July 2000 and the preparation and drafting of the
         application in the main action; (b) the drafting of observations on the plea of inadmissibility; (c) the preparation and drafting
         of the reply and the analysis of the defence and the rejoinder; and (d) the preparation of observations on the measures of
         organisation of procedure of the Court of First Instance, and the hearing;
      
      –       telecommunication (telephone and fax) costs, approximately EUR 1 819;
      –       costs of producing documents (copying and binding, overtime worked by secretaries), approximately EUR 4 254;
      –       postal costs (special deliveries, stamps, deliveries ‘by hand’), approximately EUR 360; 
      –       taxi fares for lodging procedural documents at the Court of First Instance and travel expenses, approximately EUR 3 985.
      9       According to Lagardère, the time the lawyers spent on the case was not excessive, having regard to the purpose and nature
         of the dispute, its significance from the point of view of Community law and the financial interests which the parties had
         in the proceedings. Lagardère claims that the main action raised new and complex points of law and therefore required very
         considerable research and interpretative analysis. It points out that, owing inter alia to the plea of inadmissibility raised
         by the Commission, the case required the production of a large number of documents. Furthermore, in the interests of the economy
         of procedure and in order to reduce the working hours spent on the case – given that the action had been brought by three
         applicants, one of which withdrew at the end of the written procedure – the lawyers of the three applicants had to work together
         to draft the pleadings. Lagardère states that the applicants’ lawyers cooperated in the preparation of the application and
         the other written pleadings – which they lodged jointly, not by separate documents – but that no formal agreement for sharing
         the tasks had been concluded between those lawyers.
      
      10     Lagardère maintains that the case has adversely affected its financial interests in that, as the Court of First Instance found
         in paragraph 111 of the judgment in the main action, the contested decision put it in a position of legal uncertainty as regards
         the validity of certain contractual clauses. In the light of the foregoing, Lagardère considers that, in accordance with the
         case-law of the Court of First Instance, the number of hours worked by the lawyers involved and the hourly rate of their fees
         are appropriate. The reference to the average hourly fee rate of lawyers involved in other cases is irrelevant, since the
         amount of the costs has to be fixed on a case-by-case basis.
      
      11     As regards the ‘taxi fares’ in issue, Lagardère maintains that they cover, essentially, the transport costs of lodging procedural
         documents at the Court Registry. Lagardère also maintains, with regard to the costs relating to the meeting of 27 July 2000,
         that the aim of that meeting was to obtain the withdrawal of the decision of 10 June 2000 and thus avoid proceedings before
         the Court of First Instance. 
      
       Arguments of Canal+
      12     In its letters of 5 March and 4 June 2003, to which it refers in its application for taxation of costs, Canal+ asked the Commission
         to pay the costs itemised as follows:
      
      –       lawyers’ fees: for 594 hours worked, at an hourly rate of between USD 414 and USD 572 for partners and experienced lawyers
         and between USD 120 and USD 150 for trainee lawyers, a total of lawyers’ fees of EUR 216 662, itemised in six fee notes covering,
         essentially: (a) contacts with the services of the Commission following the adoption of the decision contested in the main
         action, and the preparation and drafting of the application in the main action; (b) the drafting of observations on the plea
         of inadmissibility; (c) the drafting of the reply; (d) the drafting of observations on the rejoinder; (e) the drafting of
         observations on the measures of organisation of procedure of the Court of First Instance; and (f) the hearing;
      
      –       other sundry expenses (travel expenses, postage, photocopies, telephone, faxes), EUR 9 201;
      –       costs incurred for the preparation and submission of the application for taxation of costs which is the subject-matter of
         these proceedings, EUR 2 600.
      
      13     As regards the costs incurred in respect of contacts with the services of the Commission following the adoption of the decision
         contested in the main action, Canal+ considers that those are costs directly linked to the proceedings. Indeed, Canal+ maintains
         that, after the adoption of the decision contested in the main action, it had to decide what course of action to take in the
         light of the uncertainty created by that decision and to consider whether it was appropriate to challenge that decision before
         the Court.
      
      14     According to Canal+, all the other costs were necessary for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court of First Instance.
         The amount of the lawyers’ fees is, according to Canal+, justified by the complexity of the case which has raised points of
         law not previously examined by the Community Courts. Canal+ also claims that it had to submit an unusual number of pleadings,
         partly on account of the plea of inadmissibility raised by the Commission. The complexity of the case also required several
         lawyers to work a large number of hours. Moreover, the fee rate reflected the rates usually charged by specialised lawyers.
         Canal+ also points out that the dispute in the main action was not only of significant financial interest to Canal+, but also
         raised very important questions from the point of view of Community law.
      
      15     Finally, Canal+ considers that, in the light of the fact that the Court of First Instance, when determining the recoverable
         costs, takes account of all the circumstances of the case until the time of such determination, and that it does not give
         a separate decision on the costs incurred by the parties in connection with the taxation of costs proceedings, the costs specifically
         incurred for this stage of the proceedings, namely EUR 2 600, should be included in this claim.
      
       The Commission’s arguments
      16     The Commission considers that the main action was relatively complex only so far as concerned points of law regarding the
         admissibility of the action. On the other hand, unlike the competition cases usually brought before the Court of First Instance,
         the main action did not contain any complexity of a factual nature. Consequently, according to the Commission, drafting the
         pleadings should have required between one third and one half of the work usually required for a competition case. The Commission
         therefore considers that the number of hours worked claimed by the two applicants is manifestly excessive. The Commission
         denies that the plea of inadmissibility increased the time that would have been needed by the applicants’ lawyers in any event
         to draft the application and reply in the main action.
      
      17     The Commission also considers that the case cannot have required the participation of seven partners and four experienced
         lawyers in the various firms of lawyers involved. Furthermore, the Commission considers that some of the working hours charged
         clearly cannot be regarded as necessary for the purposes of the proceedings before the Court of First Instance. Inasmuch as
         the applicants claim that the case required all their lawyers to coordinate their work on the main action, the Commission
         considers that the fruits of that coordination are by no means reflected in the amount of the costs for which taxation is
         sought.
      
      18     The Commission submits that the hourly rates of the applicants’ lawyers are substantially higher than those usually charged
         by experienced lawyers. It considers that, even though the case-law does not acknowledge the existence of reference fees,
         and it is therefore necessary to assess the reasonableness of the costs incurred on a case-by-case basis, it is useful to
         refer to precedents and make comparisons to reduce the risk of arbitrariness and unfairness. It refers, in that regard, to
         the order in Case T-80/97 DEP Starway v Council [2002] ECR II‑1, paragraph 36, in which the Court took an hourly rate of EUR 285.05 as a reference for calculating the recoverable
         costs.
      
      19     The Commission considers that the costs in connection with the meeting of 27 July 2000 related to the pre-litigation stage.
         Furthermore, the sundry expenses submitted by Lagardère are excessive. In particular, it is unreasonable to invoice copies
         of documents at EUR 0.16 per page when, in the commercial world, those services cost less than EUR 0.02 per page. Similarly,
         with regard to the ‘taxi fares’, the Commission denies that it is necessary for the purposes of the proceedings before the
         Court of First Instance, within the meaning of Article 91(b) of the Rules of Procedure, regularly to order a taxi to take
         procedural documents to the Court. 
      
      20     Finally, the Commission disputes that the case was of special financial interest for Lagardère or of fundamental importance
         for Community law.
      
       Findings of the Court
      21     Under Article 91(b) of the Rules of Procedure, ‘expenses necessarily incurred by the parties for the purpose of the proceedings,
         in particular, the travel and subsistence expenses and the remuneration of agents, advisers or lawyers’ are to be regarded
         as recoverable costs. It is apparent from that provision that recoverable costs are limited, first, to those incurred for
         the purposes of the proceedings before the Court of First Instance and, second, to those necessary for those purposes. 
      
      22     First of all, costs charged by applicants for meetings with the services of the Commission after the decision contested in
         the main proceedings was adopted and before those proceedings were brought must be regarded as irrecoverable costs. It should
         be pointed out that, by ‘proceedings’, Article 91 of the Rules of Procedure refers only to the proceedings before the Court
         of First Instance, to the exclusion of the stage preceding those proceedings (see the order in Starway  v Council, cited in paragraph 18 above, paragraph 25, and the case-law cited therein), irrespective of the fact that the aim of the
         meeting in question in the present case may have been, as Lagardère claims, to avoid bringing proceedings before the Court
         of First Instance. 
      
      23     As regards the costs relating to the proceedings before the Court of First Instance, it has consistently been held that, in
         the absence of Community provisions laying down fee-scales, the Court must make an unfettered assessment of the facts of the
         case, taking into account the purpose and nature of the proceedings, their significance from the point of view of Community
         law as well as the difficulties presented by the case, the amount of work generated by the proceedings for the agents and
         advisers involved and the financial interests which the parties had in the proceedings (see the order in Starway  v Council, cited in paragraph 18 above, paragraph 27, and the case-law cited therein).
      
      24     In particular, it should be observed that, according to a consistent line of decisions, the Community Court is not empowered
         to tax the fees payable by the parties to their own lawyers, but it may determine the amount of those fees which may be recovered
         from the party ordered to pay the costs. When ruling on an application for taxation of costs, the Court is not obliged to
         take account of any national scale of lawyers’ fees or any agreement in that regard between the party concerned and his agents
         or advisers (orders of the Court of First Instance in Case T‑38/95 DEP Groupe Origny  v Commission [2002] ECR II-217, paragraph 32, and Starway v Council, cited in paragraph 18 above, paragraph 26, and the case-law cited therein).
      
      25     It is according to those criteria that the amount of the costs recoverable in the present case must be determined. In that
         regard, the following points must be taken into account.
      
      26     First of all, as regards the purpose and nature of the proceedings and also their significance from the point of view of Community
         law, it appears that the case has raised a new and important point of law. Since the Commission raised a plea of inadmissibility
         alleging, in essence, that the decision contested in the main action was not an act adversely affecting the applicants’ interests,
         it was necessary to examine the extent of the Commission’s obligations in assessing the ancillary restrictions notified in
         connection with a concentration in accordance with Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 of 21 December 1989 on the control
         of concentrations between undertakings (OJ 1989 L 395, p. 1). This matter had not been mentioned during the administrative
         procedure before the Commission. What is more, it was not until the proceedings in the main action were underway that the
         Commission developed and published its new policy regarding the treatment of ancillary restrictions in the context of concentration
         procedures. Consideration of this matter, particularly in connection with the parties’ observations on the plea of inadmissibility,
         therefore justified the intervention of highly specialised lawyers working many hours at very high hourly rates and the fact
         that the applicants were represented by a number of lawyers (see, to this effect, the order in Starway  v Council, cited in paragraph 18 above, paragraph 31, and the case-law cited therein).
      
      27     Similarly, the preparation of the pleadings in the main action may indeed have required – so far as that matter is concerned
         – a great deal of research work and given rise to further costs, such as those of copying documents.
      
      28     However, particularly as regards the fees for drafting pleadings other than the observations on the plea of inadmissibility,
         it should be borne in mind that, with the exception of that specific point of law, the case was not particularly complex,
         either from the legal or the factual point of view. Similarly, the file in the main action was not excessively voluminous.
         
      
      29     Moreover, it should be pointed out that some of the pleas raised by the applicants in the main action had already been the
         subject of an exchange of views during the administrative procedure before the Commission, and that the lawyers of those parties
         must therefore have been very familiar with the matters raised owing to their participation in that other procedure. 
      
      30     It must also be taken into account that the applicants worked together in preparing the application and other pleadings –
         which they lodged jointly, not by separate documents – even though each of the applicants was represented by different lawyers
         and no formal agreement for sharing tasks seems to have been concluded between them. In those circumstances, even bearing
         in mind that, as Lagardère points out, each party must make its own assessment of the arguments raised during the proceedings
         before the Court of First Instance and the lawyers of the various parties must coordinate their work, the fact remains that,
         to a certain extent, bringing the action jointly must have reduced the time devoted, inter alia, to the preparation and drafting
         of the pleadings by the lawyers of each of the applicants in the main proceedings. However, the Court of First Instance also
         takes into account that, by bringing the action and producing the other pleadings jointly and not by separate documents, the
         applicants in the main proceedings significantly reduced the costs, in terms of work, of the Commission, and, moreover, also
         of the Court. 
      
      31     Finally, the case has brought the applicants’ financial interests into play since the validity of the concentration was, to
         a certain extent, called in question by the decision contested in the main action. However, by comparison with the concentration
         cases usually dealt with, this action cannot be regarded as being of exceptional financial interest for those parties. 
      
      32     In the light of the foregoing, the Court holds, first of all, that the number of hours which it is claimed the applicants’
         lawyers worked on the case (namely, 407.5 working hours for Lagardère and 594 working hours for Canal+) is excessive for the
         taxation of the costs and considers that the costs recoverable in respect of lawyers’ fees can be assessed on an equitable
         basis – taking into account the costs incurred in these taxation of costs proceedings – at EUR 40 000 for each of the applicants,
         that is, a total of EUR 80 000 for the lawyers’ fees of the two applicants.
      
      33     As regards the other costs charged to the case by Lagardère, the Court considers that that party has not shown that the other
         costs, namely the costs of telecommunications (EUR 1 819), production of documents (EUR 4 254), special deliveries and postage
         (EUR 360) and travel costs (EUR 3 985), were, as a whole, necessary for the purposes of the proceedings the Court of First
         Instance.
      
      34     In particular, the Court holds that, as a rule, it cannot be regarded as necessary for the purposes of the proceedings before
         the Court of First Instance to send pleadings and other documents to the Court by taxi. First, there are other safe and manifestly
         less expensive means of sending documents to the Court. Secondly, Article 102(2) of the Rules of Procedure provides for an
         extension of the time-limits on account of distance in order to allow more conventional and less expensive means to be used.
         Finally, since 1 February 2001– a date falling during the written procedure in the main action – Article 43(6) of the Rules
         of Procedure has provided that pleadings may be lodged by modern means of communication, inter alia by fax, provided that
         the signed original is lodged no later than 10 days thereafter. Moreover, in view of the fact that Lagardère charges those
         costs for transporting pleadings and other documents by taxi, the telecommunication costs, particularly the fax costs, also
         seem greatly inflated for the taxation of the costs. 
      
      35     Since Lagardère has not provided specific details of the allocation of those various costs, the Court considers it appropriate
         to fix the costs recoverable in respect of those other costs at EUR 6 000. 
      
      36     With regard to the other costs charged to the case by Canal+, it must be taken into account that that party supplied a detailed
         breakdown. Consequently, the Court, while taking into consideration the fact that the telecommunication and fax costs seem
         greatly inflated for the taxation of the costs, considers it appropriate to fix the costs recoverable for those other costs
         at EUR 8 500 for Canal+. 
      
      37     The Court therefore considers that the recoverable costs can be fixed on an equitable basis at EUR 46 000 for Lagardère and
         EUR 48 500 for Canal+.
      
      38     Since the Court of First Instance, when determining the recoverable costs, takes account of all the circumstances of the case
         until the time of such determination, it is not necessary to give a separate decision on the costs incurred by the parties
         in connection with these taxation of costs proceedings (see, to this effect, the order in Starway  v Council, cited in paragraph 18 above, paragraph 39). 
      
      On those grounds,
      THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE (Third Chamber, Extended Composition)
      hereby orders:
      1.      The costs to be reimbursed by the Commission to Lagardère in Case T‑251/00 are fixed at EUR 46 000 .
      2.      The costs to be reimbursed by the Commission to Canal+ in Case T‑251/00 are fixed at EUR 48 500. 
      Luxembourg, 7 December 2004.
      
      
               H. Jung 
            
             
            
                     M. Jaeger
            
         
               Registrar 
            
             
            
                     President
            
         * Language of the case: French.