CELEX: 51990PC0009
Language: en
Date: 1990-02-08
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE AMENDING DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC ON POLLUTION CAUSED BY CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE COMMUNITY

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                     C0MC90) 9 final
                                     Brussels,8  February 1990
                         Proposal for a
                       COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
     amending Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by
       certain dangerous substances discharged into the
             aquatic environment of the Community
                 (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                              - Z*
Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 76/464/EEC
      on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances
   discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community
    &XE&AHAXQ&Ï HEflORMUUUL
     On 3 and 4 May 1976» the Council adopted          Directive
    76/464/EEC   on pollution    caused   by certain dangerous
    substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the
    Community (1). In this Directive is stated in Article 12
    that the Council shall take a decision (within nine months-
    acting unanimously on any Commission proposal concerning
    the limit values and quality objectives of the substances
    from the List I of the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC. For
    each substance of this List not only the limit values and
    quality objectives were proposed by the Commission and
    discussed in the Council, but also all general legal and
    technical provisions.
    These general provisions were   discussed for each substance
    the Council was dealing with.  The discussion in the Council
    took very long time. In ten      years the limit values snd
    quality objectives for only    3 substances (4 Directives)
    were approved by the Council.
    In order to speed the procedure the Commission proposed a
    "framework" Directive      setting out the general legal
    provisions applicable to all the substances in List I in
    the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC and containing a set of
    general technical provisions in its Annexes.
CI) O.J. L 129 of 18.05.1976, p. 23
                                                                 Z
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                        -  2 13
    This Directive        was adopted         by   the Council        on   12 June     1986,
    as   Directive        86/280/EEC         on      limit     values       and     quality
    objectives      for    discharges        of    certain     dangerous        substances
    included    in    List     I   of   the    Annex    to    Directive       76/464/EEC.
    Although     the     mechanism        set     out    in    Directive        86/280/EEC
    signified     an   improvement        with     regard     to   the    implementation
    of  Article     6   of    Directive        76/464/EEC       the    procedure       under
    which   limit     values     and    quality      objectives        had   to   be   fixed
    has been assumed         not    to be swift        enough ( 1 ) .
    During    discussions         of    the    first     modification         (2)    to   Di-
    rective    86/280/EEC        on    limit     values     and    quality      objectives
    for discharges        of   certain      dangerous       substances        included     in
    List    I   of     the     Annex      to    Directive         76/464/EEC        in    the
    Committee     of    the    Environment,          Public     Health      and    Consumer
    Protection     of the European           Parliament,        it was proposed          that
    at  one   stage     future      additions       to  the    Annexes      of   Directive
    86/280/EEC     be adopted         in the Council         by qualified        majority.
    The  Commission        did    recognise        the   force      behind     this    id*»a,
    but   stressed        that      on    that      purpose       it    would     be     more
    appropriate      to present         a single      amendment       to Article       ^2  of
    the   framework        Directive         76/464/EEC         in    accordance         with
    Article    130S.
    On  12   April     1938     at    the   Plenary      Session       of   the    European
    Parliament       the    Commission          confirmed        its    willingness        to
    amend   the framework         Directive       76/464/EEC       in accordance         with
    the wish     of   the    European      Parliament        and    undertook       to   make
    appropriate      amendments         in   accordance        with    Article      130S   of
    the EEC    Treaty.
    one of the conclusions of the Hinisterial                        Seminar on       future
    Community     water     policy     held     in Frankfurt        on 27 and       28   June
    1988  is as follows :
(1) O.J. L 181 of 0 4 . 0 7 . 1 9 8 6 , p.16
(2) û.J. L 158 of 25.06.1988, p. 35
 ---pagebreak---     "Most   delegations     urged    that,    in   order    to    speed   up
    progress, the     identification of substances        to be    included
    in the Black List      should be decided by unanimity and that
    the values to be subsequently applied should be decided by
    qualified majority following Article 130S, second indent."
    In  order   to  fulfill    the  obligation     following     from   this
    conclusion   the Commission     worked   out   the present     proposai
    for an amendment     of Article    12 of Directive      76/464/EEC    on
    the  basis   of  Article    130S,   second   paragraph     of   the  EEC
    Treaty,  and   has requested     National    Experts   to provide     it
    with advice on the List of priority substances.
    Such a List has already been requested by the Environmental
    Council at its meeting on 21 March 1988.
    During the meeting of the National Experts on 29 June 1938
    a List of substances was unanimously agreed as the List ot
    priority substances.
    During the meeting of National Experts on 31 January 1V89,
    the  Commission     stated   that   insufficient    ecotoxicological
    evidence   had   been   found   to   include    3-Chlorotoluene      and
    Chloroprene in the first priority List           as proposed      by the
    National Experts.
    Furthermore two substances are under             discussion in       the
    Council and therefore they were also              excluded from      the
    present proposal.
II. The Commission suggests that the procedure under                 Article
    130S second      indent    shall first be applicable             to the
    following list of substances :
 ---pagebreak--- Substances                     Ecotoxi-            Advice of
                               cological Technical Scientific
                               study     study     Advisory
                                                   Committee
1. Trifluralin (124)               x
2. Endosulfan (76)                 x          x
3. Simazine(106)                   x         x
4. Triorganotin comp.
    - Tributyltin oxide (115)       x         x
    - Triphenyltin acetate (125) x            X
    - Triphenyltin chloride (126) x           X
    - Triphenyltin hydroxide (127)x           X
o, Atrazine* (131)                 Q          X
   Organophosphorous substances :
    - Azinphos-ethyl (5)            0         X
    - Azinphos-methyl (6)           0         X
    - Fenitrothion (80)             x         X
    - Fenthion (81)                 x         X
    - Malathion (89)                x
    - Parathion and
      Parathion-methyl (100)       x
    - Dichlorvos (70)               0
x  =  available
0  =  envisaged (available 1990)
   *) Atrazine is not mentioned in the original "List of 129
   substances". The main reason for this was that the use of
   this substance was estimated to be low in EEC Member States
   at that time,
   (this footnote continues on the next page)
 ---pagebreak---    The list is based on the original "List of 129 sub-
   stances" (1) and contains four substances and two groups oi
   substances. These substances are chosen mainly on the basic
   of their    ecotoxicological  properties   (toxicity, muta-
   genicity, carcinogenicity,   teratogenicity, bioaccumuletion
   and persistence) but also the production and figure on use
   are taken into account as well as their presence in i-h\-
   Community surface waters.
   For some of these substances the Ecotoxicological and
   Technical studies are already available and for others the
   study is envisaged for the end of 1989 and for 1990.
   Although the advice of the Scientific Advisory Committee ±s
   not yet available for all of these substances, the
   Commission considers that there is already sufficient
   evidence to assume that the substances listed below are
   priority candidates for the following reason :
   *) However, in the last few years it has become obvious that
   Atrazine is extensively used as a herbicide.
   Considering its similarity with Simazine twhich was already
   proposed for the inclusion in the Annexes in Directive
   86/280/EEC) in terms of chemical structure and physical
   properties the Group of National Experts agreed to include
   Atrazine in the List of priority substances.
(1) O.J. C 176 of 14.07.1982, p. 3
 ---pagebreak--- 1.   TRIFLURALIR   (N° 124) : CAS-1582-09-8
1 •1  PRODUCTION AMD USE   (Réf. 1)
1.1.1   Production
The installed production capacity of trifluralin within the
Community is reported to be 10.300 tonnes/year. The m a m
producers are situated in Italy (3 plants) and Germany (t
plant). The production capacity in the EEC is estimated to be
17 % of the world production capacity.
1.1.2   Use.
Trifluralin is a key herbicide for weed control. The market,
after having grown steadily for many years, seems now to be
relatively steady. The expected growth of annual demand is
estimated between 1 and 3 %. Worldwide consumption was
estimated around 25.000 tonnes in 1983,.
1 •2   ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION    (Réf., 2 )
Classification of trifluralin is under discussion in the
Comnittee on classification of existing chemicals (Directive
67/548/EEC) ( 1 ; .
1.2.1   Ipx.jçixy,
1.2.1.1    Acute toxicity
Despite its low water solubility f<1 mil 1igram.1"' at 27°C> and
its high absorption potential to soils, trifluralin may pose a
great hazard to aquatic flora and fauna.
(1) Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the
     approximation of laws, regulations and administrative
     provisions relating to the classification, packaging and
     labelling of dangerous substances (OJ 196, 16.8.67, p. 1)
                                                                 ?
 ---pagebreak--- Trifluralin       displays      very      high        acute  toxicity    to   aquaLlc
invertebrates and fish species :
LCso f48 h:> f o r P.âRîin.La_jïLaLgiLa.                0,115-0,32 7 milligram.1
LC50 (48 h) f o r C v p r i a ( O s t r a c o d a )     0,06 milligram.I" 1
LCso (48 h) f o r r a i n b o w t r o u t               0,006-0,240 milligram.1
In contrast      to its aquatic         toxicity, trifluralin displays low
mammalian toxicity after acute exposure :
L D 0 0 for rat (oral)                        5-36       gram/kg body weight
LDso for mouse (oral)                               5    gram/kg body weight
LDso for newborn rat (oral)                         0,5 gram/kg body weight
1.2.1.2     Chronic
The     toxicity of trifluralin has been studied in Daphnia magna
(3 generations). The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration
iMATO 0,0024-0,0072 mi 11igram.1- 1 -
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) (1 life cycle) shows MATC
of 0,0015-0,0165 milligram.I - 1 .
Trifluralin also exhibits high chronic toxicity                            in   marine
organisms and sublethal effects in one fish species
(C. variegatvjs) occcured at levels as low as 0,001-0,005 milii-
gram.l" 1 (exposure time : 19 months).
Chronic toxicity data for mammals are insufficient.
1.2.1.3     Mutag,er>jcj£aU--£.&IlfiJLnQqgn.i_ç.i_£.y and,t_ejr.a_.t,o,g^nJçIty.
There is insufficient data to evaluate carcinogenicity. IARC
has not evaluated trifluralin. Although there is some evidence
for the in vivo clastogenicity in mammals, the confusion caused
by presence of nitrosamine prevents any firm conclusion.
Trifluralin exhibits no mutagenic activity in a number of test
systems ( R e f . 1 1 ) .
At high doses embryotoxicity was observed.
The substance does not seem to be teratogenic.
 ---pagebreak--- 1.2.2    Per si s.t enc„e.
Trjfluralin is rapidly lost from surface waters and a halt-life
of  less    than   one    hour     has   been  reported.   Pho todecompositio*
appears to be the major route of degradation, but                  evaporation
may be of importance under certain conditions.
Trifluralin in general             has     persistence in soil between 3-18
weeks depending on the soil type.
1.2.3    Bioaccumulation
Trifluralin      is   lipophilic       and  displays   high   bioconcentration
factors     (up   to   5.750      in   fish).   However,   its  potential   for
bioaccumulation        is    constrained       by  its   low   persistence   in
aquatic    systems,      together      with   a tendency   to be   adsorbed  to
sediments.
1.2.4    Ajdj/JLce of the Scientific Advisory Committe_e
Will be available         in March 1990.
2.   ENJ3LQS.UJLEAH (N°    76)  :   CAS-115-29-7
2 *   PRODUCTION AND USE            (Ref. 3)
2.1.1     Production
There is only one manufacturer of endosulfan within the EEC.
The plant is located in Germany and produces about 7.000
tonnes/year (1986).
Endosulfan is formulated in Germany (1.500 tonnes/year), France
» 2.000 tonnes/year), Italy (100-150 tonnes/year), Netherlands
(30 tonnes/year), United Kingdom (5 tonnes/year), Spain (200
tonnes/year) and Portugal (4 tonnes/year).
 ---pagebreak--- 2.1.2   Use.
The   substance        is  used    in   aboriculture,     sylviculture    and
agriculture      as an insecticide.       In the EEC, it     is mainly   used
for   the    cultivation       of  potatoes,    maize,    tabac,   tomatoes,
various   other       vegetables    and   also  in   cultivation   of   fruit
trees.
The total consumption is estimated to be 500-c>0C tonnes/year.
2.2.   ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION           (Ref. 4)
Classification         of  endosulfan     is   under   discussion    in   the
Committee     on    classification     of  existing   chemicals   (Directive
67/548/EEC) (1).
2.2.1   To x..ic.i_t y.
2.2.1.1   Acute toxicity
Endosulfan is very toxic to aquatic             fauna. Fish are extremely
sensitive, LCso varying between 0,000.09-             0,004 milligram.!" 1 .
For certain      crustaceans     still   lower LCso values were     reported
                             -
(0,000.04 milligram.l M.
In   contrast,       endosulfan    is   moderately    toxic   to birds    and
mammals.
LDso for pheasant              50-100 milligram/kg body weight
LDso for mouse                  5-10 milligram/kg body weight
LD»o for rat                   80-110 milligram techn. (in oil)/kg body
                               weight
(1) Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the
     approximation of laws, regulations and administrative
     provisions relating to the classification, packaging end
     labelling of dangerous substances (0J 196, 16.8.67, p. 1)
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                  10
2.2.1.2     Chronic          toxicity
Chronic    toxicity data for aquatic              organisms are    insufficient.
In  feeding       trials        rats  receiving   30   milligram/kg   diet  for  two
years and dogs 30 milligram/kg                diet   for one year showed    no  ili-
effect    (Ref. 9 ) .
2.2.1.3     Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity
No mutagenic effects were reported. Teratogenicity was reported
uùth administration of high doses. Endosulfan has been declared
not carcinogenic.
2.2.2   P.SX: S_iS.tfiJDLfi.fi.
It   is   reported           that   the  half-life     in  flowing   waters   varies
between    4 and       15 d a y s . In contrast, under anaerobic        conditions,
persistence        is pH dependent         (T 1/2   of  5 weeks  for pH   = 7 and T
1/2 of 5 months for pH = 5 , 5 ) .
2 . ::. 3   Bioaccumulation
Bioconcentration               factors   between    11-2.500    were   reported   in
various aquatic organisms.
2 .2.4    A^vlç,e_..of_„th€ Scientific AdyJjjpj_x_.Çjpjnm ittSLs.
Mill be available in March 1990-
                                                                                     V
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  11
3
  -  SIHA2IME    (N° 106)     : CAS-122-34-9
3. i  e&QJVÇTlQH^MLlLJMLfflE.   (Réf. 1)
3.1.1   Production
Installed production capacity            is recorded  to be 15.000
tonnes/year. There are 3 production plants in the EEC, situated
in Italy and the United Kingdom. The exact production figure
for the EEC is unknown but it is assumed to be 2.500-7.000
tonnes/year.
3.1.2   Use
Simazine is a pre-emergence herbicide used for control of weeds
in deep-rooted crops, such as citrus,             olives, vineyards,
coffee, tea, cacao. Its major use is on maize.
Two different sources estimate uses in Europe to vary from
4.000-7.000 tonnes/year.
3.2   ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION        CRef. 2)
Classification of simazine is under discussion in the Committee
on classification of existing chemicals (Directive
67/548/EEC) (1).
3.2.1   Toxicity
(1) Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the
     approximation of laws, regulations and administrative
     provisions relating to the classification, packaging and
     labelling of dangerous substances (OJ 196, 16.8.67, p. 1)
 ---pagebreak---                                                                          12
3.2.1 .1        Acute toxicity
Simazine is toxic to aquatic organisms., Tests have shown a wide
range of sensitivity for different algae species; toxicity
levels as low as 0,006 milligram.1"1 are reported for the most
sensitive species, with most of the data being in the range
0,1-1,0 mill igram. 1 ~ "• •
For fish, it was shown to be moderately toxic (96 h LC, 0 varies
between 2,5 and 28,6 milligram.I -1 ). For one species ( Ro ecu. s
S.â*<.a.ti..LlS..) an LCso of 0,25 mi 11 igram . 1 ~ "• has been reported.
Mammalian acute toxicity is reported to be low (LDSo rat / 5
gram/kg body weight).
3.2.1.2         Chronic toxicity
For long term exposures of 8 to 30 days, safe limits ranging
between 0,1-1 mil 1igram.I"1 were suggested for some aquatic
vertebrates, although for some sensitive species an LC9o of
1 milligram.!-1 has been reported.
Chronic toxicity data are very scarce for mammals. In two years
feeding studies a no effect level (NOEL) of 100 and 150
milligram/kg diet were established in rats and dogs.
3.2.1.3         Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity
The studies available seem to show that simazine has no
reproductive effects, it is not teratogenic,                 it may be geno-
toxic and no conclusion can therefore be drawn in relation to
its carcinogenicity.
3.2.2        Persistence
Some studies indicate that simazine displays low persistence in
the aquatic environment, with a short half-life (<1 month).
However, other            investigations report         that   half-life  is
sufficiently long to result in the accumulation of simazine
from one season's treatment to the next.
                                                                             •f^
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     13
3.2.3    eipaççutpigqUQn
Sima2ine has a low bioconcentration factor (<i-55) and               in
general is not expected to accumulate in aquatic organisms.
3.2.4    Advice of the SçjenUJLic-. Advisor.y ÇflJmLtt&fi.
The advice on Simazine was delivered on 28 March 1988 (Pef.
CSTE/88/17/COM) and confirms the decision to include this
substance in List I.
4.   IJRXQB!         IMPOUNDS
TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE <N° 115)           CAS-56-35-9
TRIPHENYLTIN ACETATE (N° 125)        CAS-900-95-8      TPhTAc )
                CHLORIDE (N°126)     CAS-639-58-7      TPhTCl )
                HYDROXIDE (N°127)    CAS-76-87-9       TPhTOH )
                These substances will hereafter be     called
                collectively TPhTs.
4. 1 PROPUÇTION ANP USJ,    (Study will be available at the end of
                            1989)
*.1.1    Production
The EC production of all tributyltin compounds (including
tributyltin oxide) was estimated in 1986 as being 3.500 tons.
According      estimation   from   industry     the    production    of
triphenyltin      compounds   (including    triphenyltin      fluoride)
reached the last years 2.500 tons/year.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                           14
4.1.2    Use
Tributyltin oxide has a major use as a biocide and is used in
wood   preservatives      (20  %)    and    particularly    in   antifouling
paints    (70  %) . The   netto   counted    EEC  use   in  1986   was  2.500
tons.
Potential new     uses have been reported        in the area of tropical
disease control.
TPhTs are used in agriculture         (745 - 1.680 tons in 1987) and as
an  antifouling     agent    (quantity   estimated    was  100   tons/year).
TPhTCl    is  also   used   as  intermediate      for   the  production    of
TPhTOH and TPhTAc.
4.2   ECOTOXIÇQlfQgIÇAL EVALUATION         (Ref. 5, 6)
A.2.1    Toxicity
4.2.1.1     AcutQ toxicity
Tributyltin oxide is highly toxic to various aquatic biota. At
0,0001 milligram.!" 1 it is reported to inhibit the growth of
algae Skeletonema costatum.
In Pacific oyster spat (Crassostrea giaas) metabolic effects
are reported down to 0,000.01 milligram.I" 1 .
Uith    fish,    LCso     values    generally     range    from     0,02-0,06
               1
milligram.I" •
Tributyltin oxide has an acute oral LD»o for rats of the order
of 150-250 mg/kg body weight. However, low doses in the diet of
rats affect the immune system, with atrophy of the thymus and
lymphoid glands. Similar phenomena have recently been reported
in fish.
                                                                              if
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                       15
TPhTs are      also highly        toxic    to   aquatic   organisms.        Inhibitory
effects     on   algal    metabolisms       occur    down  to   ca. 0,001        milli-
          1
gram . 1 " .
For   freshwater        molluscs,       LCso    range   between      0,02      and    0,4
                             1
milligram       TPhTs     l"     and    for   Crustacea     from     0,01      to    0,08
milligram TPhTs l " . For fish, LC» 0 of below 0,4 mil 1 igram. i -1
                         - 1
are   reported        for      TPhTAc,     and    for   TPhTOH      of     below      0,1
                 1
milligram.1~ .
The acute oral LD 8 o of TPhTAc for rats is 0,1-0,5 gram/kg bodv
weight and probably similar for the other TPhTs.
4.2.1.2      Chronic toxicity
Mussel    larvae     (Mvtilus spp.) are reported             to have       an L C s o  15
                                                 1
days as low as 0,0001 milligram.1~                  towards tributyltin oxide.
Long-term toxicity data for TPhTs are lacking.
4.2.1 .3     Mt-âafi.aiç-i.t.y_.â—SArç inftflfijaIsily and tfi.uat.Q.g.a..alc 1ty.
There    are      no   reports       of    carcinogenisis,       no     evidence       of
teratogenisis and no conclusive evidence of mutagenisis action
with tributyltin oxide.
From reported data it would appear that there is no conclusive
evidence that TPhTs are either carcinogenic or mutagenic. There
are no data for teratogenicity.
4.2.2    Persistence
Organotins are degraded by hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis
and biota, but the half-life is dependent upon the presence of
microflora and ranges for tributyltin oxide in natural waters
from 4 days to 35 weeks.
4.2.3    Bioaccumulation
The occurence of bioaccumulation of tributyltin oxide in
aquatic organisms has been established. Bioconcentration factor
ranges from 1.000-10.000 between differing species and from
500-4.400 between differing organs.
                                                                                          4C
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                    16
TPhTs should be considered as moderately bioaccumulative.
4.2.4   Ad y ic e .....o.f Lh..e._..Sçi.e„n.ti..f,i..c Advisory Committee
The advice on tributyltin oxide and TPhTs was delivered on 27
October 1988 (Ref. CSTE/88/41/COM and CSTE/88/61/COM respec-
tively) and confirms the decision to include these substances
in List I.
5.   ATRAZINE        (N° 131) : CAS-1912 - 24-9
5.1   PRODUCTION AND USE (Study will be available at the end of
                                        1989)
5.1-1   Production
Atrazine is/or can be produced by four plants in Europe .
The formulation (mixing of active ingredients with solvents
and/or inert fillers) of atrazine is carried out by 3-6
factories in the EEC.
5.1.2   Use.
Atrazine is widely used as herbicide                           in agriculture and for
non-agricultural applications :
- in agricultural uses (often confined                          to a very short period
   of the y e a r ) , on maize and sorghum;
- in non-agricultural uses                       to control    weeds on roadsides and
   railway tracks.
Data on use are lacking.
                                                                                       •f
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        17
5.2      EÇQTQX;iC01,QgiÇ^I1,„EVAI<yjy^QN. (Study will be available     at
                                           the end of 1989)
Atrazine     is still a matter of discussion         in the Committee   on
classification of existing chemicals (Directive
67/548/EEC) (1).
5.2.1      Toxicity
5.2.1.1      Acute toxicity
The acute toxicity for aquatic organisms is rather high
Skeietona costaturo                ECso   (48 hours)  - growth      0,2^5
                                                            milligram.i" 1
Daj>hiil.a magi\a_              ECso               - growth    0,5
                                                            milligram.1" 1
Daphnia magna                   LCso    (48 hours)             6,9
                                                            milligram.1~ 1
Gamroarus frascatus             LC»o    (48 hours)             5,7
                                                            milligram.i" 1
Salmo gairdneri                  LCso    (24 hours)            12,6
                                                            milligram.l" 1
(rainbow trout)                 No effect level (96 hours.»    0,1
                                                            milligram.1~ 1
Acute toxicity for mammals is low :
LDso for rat         2.500-3.000 mg/kg body weight
LDso for mouse         750          mg/kg body weight
(1) Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the
      approximation of laws, regulations and administrative
      provisions relating to the classification, packaging and
      labelling of dangerous substances (0J 196, 16.8.67, p. Y)
                                                                           /*
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 18
5.2.1.2    Chronic toxicity
Blueg.i.ll. ECso   (long-term exposure)  - equilibrium 0,2 milli-
                                        gram . 1" y
Rat           No effect level   (2 years)     100-1.000 mg/kg body
                                        weight
5.2.1.3     Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity
Data are not conclusive on mutagenicity and teratogenicity.
Preliminary evaluation of data on carcinogenicity indicate that
the substance can be assumed as not carcinogenic.
5.2.2    Persistence
Persistence of atrazine in surface waters is estimated to be
high (half-life 4,3 months).
5.2.3    Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation seems to be low.
5.2.4    Advice of the Scientific Advisory Committee
In view of the Council Directive 80/778/EEC relating to the
quality of water intended for human consumption, the Scientific
Advisory Committee advised on 30.04..1987 that a maximum
admissible      concentration   of  0,0001   milligram.I"1   should
continue to be applied to individual pesticides (e.i. atrazine)
in drinking water (Réf. CSTE/87/71/COM) as a general principle.
The advice of the Committee on the environmental impact of
atrazine on the aquatic environment will be available at the
end of 1990.
                                                                    /1
 ---pagebreak---                                                              19
      QRGANQPHQSPH&BUS SUBSTANCES.
AZINPHOS-ETHYL     (N° 5)     CAS-2642-71-9
AZINPHOS-METHYL    (N° 6)     CAS-86-50-0
DICHLORVOS         (N° 70)    CAS-62-73-7
FENITROTHION       (N° 80)    CAS-122-14-5
FENTHION           (N° 81 )   CAS-55-38-9
MALATHION          (N° 89)    CAS-121-75-5
PARATHION AND      (N° 100)   CAS-56-38-2
PARATHION-METHYL              CAS-298-00-0
6.1   PRODUCTION AND USE (Studies will be available at the end
                           of 1989)
6.1.1   Production
The estimated EEC production figures are as follows :
azinphos-ethyl                  550-850 tons/year
azinphos-methyl                 550-850 tons/year
dichlorvos                          500 tons/year
fenitrothion
fenthion                        1.000-1.500 tons/year
malathion                            11.000 tons/year
parathion and
parathion-methyl                     12.000 tons/year
6.1.2   Use.
Azinphos-ethvl is used as insecticide on a large       range   of
crops. The estimated uses was 150-300 tons/year.
Azinphos-methvl is used as accaricide with an extensive field
of action in quantities estimated as being 100-150 tons/year.
Dichlorvos is a    used as a household and fumigant, especially
against DiPtera and mosquitoes, for the protection of stored
products, for crop protection against sucking and chewing
insects and in veterinary applications. For 1989, the estimated
use in EEC is about 100 tons.
                                                                  "•' o
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                  20
Fejii.t.r.o_th.ion., is a contact      insecticide effective against a wide
range of pests. The counted use in EEC countries in 1989 is
  < 300 tons.
The major use of fenthion seems to be the control of mosquitoes
and      midges      in   tropical     countries.    Furthermore     it    is   used
against         fruit   flies,   leaf    hoppers   and   cereal   bugs   -   in  EEC
countries in quantities of 700-1.000 tons/year.
M.i..l.a.th.ioj[x is an insecticide widely used all over the world to
control         insect   pests    in   agriculture,     sylviculture     and    home
gardens.         It   is  one   of   the   most  important     organo-phosphorus
insecticide         employed,     the   netto   counted    EEC   use  is   <   1.000
tons/year.
Pji..r.â.LbÀo_n and parathipn-methvl are both broad spectrum contact
insecticides          which   are used     in particular     for  the control     of
insects         on  cotton,    small    grains  and    vegetables.    The    use  of
these        insecticides      in   the    EEC  is   counted     to  be    <   2.000
tons/year.
6.2      ECOTOXICOLOGICAL        EVALUATION
Azinphos-ethyl             (Studies will be available at the end of 1990)
Azinphos-methyl                                      "
Dichlorvos                                           "
Fenitrothion               (Ref. 7)
Fenthion                   (Ref. 7)
Malathion                  (Ref. 8)
Parathion and              (Ref. 7)
Parathion-methyl
Classification of these substances is under discussion in the
Committee on classification of existing chemicals (Directive
67/548/EEC) (1).
(1) Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the
                                                                                     li
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 21
6.2.1   To .x.i_c.i..tyL
6.2.1.1    Acute toxicity
According to laboratory studies     azinphos-ethvl  is very toxic
to aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
LCso (24 hours) for fish of several species varies from
                                  0,001  to 0,1 milligram.1 _1
LCso for crustaceans varies from 0,003 to 0,004 milligram.1~ 1
LDso (oral) for rat               12 mg/kg body weight.
According to laboratory studies     azinphos-methyl  is also very
toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
LCso (24 hours) for fish of several species varies from
                                  0,0047 to 8 milligram.I -1
LCso (96 hours)                   0,0004 to 4,3 milligram.!- 1
LCso for crustaceans varies from 0,0001 to 0,05 milligram.1~ 1
LDso (oral) rat varies from       11 to 16 mg/kg body weight.
According to laboratory studies    dichlorvos is extremely to.-vic
to aquatic organisms, especially crustaceans and insects.
ECso (48 hours) for Daphnia pulex         0,000.06 mill igram. 1~ "•
No effect level (NOEL-96 hours) for Lepomis macrochirus     0,1
                 -1
milligram. I" •
The substance is very toxic to terrestrial organisms and to
birds :
LDso (oral) for rat 56 mg/kg body weight.
     approximation of laws, regulations and administrative
     provisions relating to the classification, packaging and
     labelling of dangerous substances (0J 196, 16.8.67, p. 1)
 ---pagebreak---                                                                22
According to laboratory studies fenitrothion displays - with
exception of the groups mentioned hereunder - acute toxicity
levels for aquatic biota between 1 and 10 milligram.I"1 . Acute
LC so 's for many species or crustacean and insect larvae are as
low as 0,001-0,010 mi 11igram.1"n; for some fish species 50 % of
the     eggs   are  killed    by   exposure    0,06  milligram.1"1
fenitrothion. Oral LDso's for mammals range from 220 to 1.350
milligram/kg body weight, birds however are more sensitive
(LDso's for pheasant       and quail     range   from 70 to    i 40
milligram/kg body weight).
According to laboratory studies fenthion is toxic to aquatic
biota. For algae, most groups of inverteorates, fish and
amphibians, acute toxicities range from 0,1 to 7 milligram.1~1 .
Crustaceans and insect larvae are very sensitive to the
pesticide : for many species LCso's and EC so 's are 0,0005-0,005
milligram.I-1 , and even as low as 0,000.02 milligram.!-1 for
seme species of marine shrimp. LDso's for mammals range from
100 to 500 milligram/kg body weight (compared with 2 to 28
milligram/kg body weight for birds).
According to laboratory studies parathion is very toxic to
freshwater, estuarine and marine biota. Acute effects occur at
0,001     to 6 mill igram. 1 "• depending on the group of biota.
Insects and particularly crustaceans are extremely sensitive to
acute parathion intoxication.
The substance is also very toxic to terrestrial mammals; for
male rats the oral LDso is about 7,6 milligram/kg body weight
and for females 3,5 milligram/kg body weight.
                                                                   13
 ---pagebreak---                                                                           23
The range of toxic      concentrations      of parathion-methyl      is very
wide. The insects (the target group for the pesticide) are very
sensitive    (acute    LCBO    range    0,002-0,085     milligram.I" 1    but
crustaceans are even more sensitive (LCso range between 0,0001-
0,05  milligram.I- 1 ).    There   are   no  significant    differences    in
toxicity between     freshwater and marine biota.         It is also very
toxic to terrestrial mammals         and man. Average      oral  LDso's are
11-16 mg/kg body weight for rats and the lethal dose for adult
man ingesting this pesticide is less than 1.800 milligram.
According   to laboratory      studies malathion has either very          low
toxicity    or    extremely      high    toxicity,     depending     on   the
sensitivity     of    the     aquatic     biota.     In   the     freshwater
environment,    the   LCBO   (96   hours) was     found  to  be  as   low  as
                    - 1
0,001  milligram. I *    for   several    species   of  various   groups   of
insects and    crustaceans. For       the zoeal    stages of    some   marine
                                                                   1
crab species the LCso (96 hours) is 0,001 milligram.I" .
Oral LDso's for rats reported in the literature range from 885
to 1.375 milligram/kg body weight. The lowest dose reported to
cause   a  lethal    effect     to  humans    was   50  milligram/kg     body
weight.
6.2.1.2   ÇhrQn,lç,JLoxiçUy
There were no symptoms of poisoning found in rats receiving 2,5
milligram azinphos-methvl/kg diet for 2 years. In 90 days no
intoxication was showed in trial rats receiving either 1000
milligram dichlorvos per kg diet or 2 milligram azinphos-ethyl
per kg diet.
Although no chronic data on aquatic toxicity for dichlorvos are
available for the most sensitive groups of biota, it is
presumed, by analogy with experiments with fish larvae carried
out with dichlorvos, that MATCs are at least one order of
magnitude lower than acute effect levels; consequently NOEL
levels to crustaceans and insects are probably at the 10
nanogram.I" 1 or lower.
                                                                             ?4
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               24
Uith regard to sublethal and chronic effects some fish species
react negatively to fenitrothion in concentrations of 0,01
milligram.1 ~ 1 .
Fenthion' s data based on sublethal doses used in                         chronic
toxicity trials indicate that physiological activity can be
impared at 0,05 milligram.I"1 in fish and even at 0,001
milligram.I"1 in copepods.
Chronical exposure induces mortality in rats at doses of 5
miiligram/kg body weight and reproduction success is influenced
by doses of 10 milligram/kg body weight.
In 1-year feeding trials dogs receiving 50 milligram/kg diet
showed no loss of weight or food consumption (Ref. 9).
As fas as chronic effects of parathion are concerned, levels
ranging from 0,0001 up to 0,005 milligram.I"1 are reported to
be    lethal        for        freshwater       crustaceans.     For    insects,
                                                       1
concentrations of 0,0002 milligram.I"                     up to 0,002 milli-
         1
gram. I* seem to be lethal after 2-3 weeks exposure of the
organisms.
In 90-days feeding trials rats receiving 5 milligram of
parathion-methvl/kg diet showed no symptoms of poisoning
(Ref. 9).
Chronic toxicity data on insects and crustaceans confirm the
susceptibility of these biota to malathion: some fish species
are affected by chronic exposure to 0,05 milligram.I"1 of the
insecticide.
Chronic effects in rabbits were detected at levels of 120
milligram technical grade malathion/kg body weight. In 21
months feeding trials, rats receiving 100 mg technical grade
malathion/kg diet showed normal weight gain (Ref. 9 ) .
6.2.1 .3   Mu,.tag_,en_jc..ity.,,, __ç_ajçcinpgenjcity and t_exat_pgenIcjty,
For azinphos-ethyl no data have been recorded for mutagenicity,
carcinogenicity and teratogenicity.
                                                                                25
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  25
For azinphos-roethyl only a few data have been recorded which
show some mutagenic effects to microorganisms.
Carcinogenicity tests on rats were negative however there is a
suspicion of neoplastic effects on mice.
Following available data fenitrothion does not seem to have
mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, but has shown to be
teratogenic         to embryos of amphibians at relatively low
concentrations (0,3-3 mil 1 i-gram. I""1 ) .
Dichlorvos shows mutagenic properties; dichloroacetaldehyde,
the major metabolite of dichlorvos in mammals la y.iyo was
discovered to be mutagenic. Carcinogenicity studies gave mostly
positive results in short term experiments but was not
confirmed by long term trials, so the evidence is not
considered as conclusive to date. Dichlorvos may have a
(slight) teratogenic potential, though most studies gave
negative results.
?..e.Q.th.i.OJCL has no mutagenic potential, but has been shown to be
able to induce malignant tumors in male mice, but not in
females, nor male or female rats. The teratogenic potential of
the compound is only expressed at high doses (e.g. in
milligram/kg in the offspring of mice).
M.al„a„t.b^pj[i„ and the intermediate oxidation product malaoxon do
not seem to have oncogenic or teratogenic potency. Malathion
has, however, been found to be mutagenic in several types of
experiments on E. coli and on mammalian cells.
Convincing scientific evidence showing that parathion             is
carcinogenic or mutagenic is not available, so that further
studies are desirable. The substance can induce teratogenic
effects         in birds, malformation    in mammals   and   aquatic
organisms, but only at concentrations above those encountered
in the environment.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                26
Experimental data (in mice and rats) on the carcinogenic
potential of parathion-methvl indicate that the compound is not
oncogenic (Ref. 10). The mutagenic effects are organism
dependent (e.g. positive gene mutations were obtained in vitro
experiments with Ej coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
negative for S ^ J ^ M m u x t U M * •
Teratogenic effects can be induced in birds and mice, but only
in very high doses.
6.       Persistence.
Az inphos-methyl has a low persistence      in surface water (from
hours to days) and moderate in soil (months).
Degradation occurs through chemical and biological hydrolysis
and oxidation. Also photodegradation plays a role.
Degradation of azinphos-ethyl probably occurs through photo-
degradation and chemical and biological hydrolysis.
Dichlorvos has a low persistence           (half-life  in aquatic
environment range from less than one day to several days). It
is degraded abiotically (by hydrolysis and by photodegradation'
and biologically.
Fenitrothion is rather rapidly (a few days up to maximum i-2
weeks) eliminated from the terrestrial and aquatic biota by
photolysis and hydrolysis, but mainly by bacterial degradation.
Fenthion's elimination from the aquatic environments occurs
relatively quickly (from a few days to 4 weeks) by photolysis,
hydrolysis but mainly by bacterial degradation.
MoLlatjiiojQ is quickly eliminated from the aquatic environment >a
few days) by hydrolysis.
In the aquatic environment, parathion and parathion-methyl are
rapidly degraded by microorganisms (half-lives between 2-8 days
and 2-4 days respectively).
                                                                  it
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   27
6.2.? BjLO^.cçum.u.la^loj\.
Bioaccumulation data for azinphos- ethyl and azijipho^^iethyl on
aquatic organisms are not reported in the literature. The
bioaccumulation factors for these substances calculated (from
log P) are 3.000 and 400 respectively.
The bioaccumulation factor for dichlorvos is low (log Pow
1,5£*, which           would  exclude  the possibility    of  serious
accumulation in organisms.
Fejii trothLoiL         bioaccumulates to a moderate extent, but
depuration is relatively rapid (a few days) when contamination
c eases.
Despite its high bioaccumulation potential, fenthjpn is not
considered to accumulate in the aquatic food chain, because of
its rapid metabolization by plants as well as animals.
M.Al.at.h..iQJi. is rapidly metabolized by plants and by animals and,
as a consequence, has not been found to accumulate to any
serious extent in biota.
Despite a moderate bioaccumulation             potential  in aquatic
organisms, parathion and parathion-methyl are removed by 50 %
from the biota in a few days and eliminated totally in a few
weeks.
6.2.4       Advice of the Scientific Advisory Committee
Advice on the following substances will be available in
March 1990.
- Azinphos-ethyl
- Azinphos-methyl
- Dichlorvos
                                                                      -V
 ---pagebreak---                                                                         28
Advice     on   the following  substances   were        delivered   by  the
Committee     and confirm the decision  to i n c l u d e  these  substances
in L i s t I :
  Fenitrothion          (Réf. CSTE/87/67/C0M)
  F enth ion            (Réf. CSTE/87/65/C0M)
  Malathion             (Réf. CSTE/87/103/C0M)
  Parathion and
  Parathion-methyl      (Réf. CSTE/87/69/C0M)
CONCLUSION
Based on the proposal of the Parliament: and on the result of
the Ministerial Seminar, the Commission proposes an amendment
to Directive 76/464/EEC according to Article 130S of the EEC
Treaty.
This amendment intends that Article 12 of Directive 76/464/EEC
will be amended to enable the Council to take decision acting
by qualified majority with regard to the determination of limit
values and quality objectives pursuant to Article 6 of
Directive 76/464/EEC for the substances included in the family
and group of substances within List I of the Annex to Directive
76/464/EEC.
The Commission suggests that the procedure under Article 130S,
second indent, of the EEC Treaty, shall first be applicable to
the sixteen substances mentioned in this Explanatory Memorandum
(point II) and Article 2 of the proposed modification.
Any future selection of substances from List I of Directive
76/464/EEC for the purpose of fixing limit values and quality
objectives will be adopted by the Council acting unanimously
and the determination of limit values and quality objectives
for these substances will be adopted by the Council by
qualified majority.
                                                                            A
 ---pagebreak---                         R EFERENCES
"Study on the discharges of certain dangerous substances
into the aquatic environment and the best technical means
for the reduction of waterpollution from such discharges in
application of the Directive 76/464/EEC (substances N° 44,
52, 63, 88, 104, 106, 124) n - EXCOSER S.C. - September 1986
- XI/686/86.
 "Assessment of the impact of the emission of certain
halogenated organic compounds : Chloral hydrate, Cyanuric
chloride,   Hexachloroethane,     Simazine,   1,1,2-Trichloro-
1 ,2,2-Trifluoroethane and Trifluralin        on   the   aquatic
environment" - Dr. L.K. Shuker and Dr. M. Hutton - European
Science Foundation - September 1986 - XI/896/87.
"Détermination de la réduction de 1'hexachlorobutadiène, de
1'endosulfan, du pentachlorophénol et du trichlorophénol
contenus dans les effluents en tenant compte des meilleurs
moyens techniques disponibles" - Nucléaire s.à.r.l. - J.P.
Focquet, R. Theisen - Juin 1981 - XI/83/87.
"Evaluation   de   l'impact    de   1'hexachlorobutadiène, de
1'endo-sulfan, du pentachlorophénol, des trichlorophénols
sur l'environnement aquatique" - Université Louis Pasteur
de Strasbourg - G. Ourisson, P. Koch - Novembre 1980 -
XI/205/82.
 "Evaluation of the impact of Organotin compounds on the
aquatic environment" -Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research - TNO - Dr. H.A. Meinemo, Mrs. T.G. van
Dam-Meerbeek, Dr. J.W. Vonk - 31 October 1986 - XI/539/87.
"Tributyltin    in the Environment - sources, fate           and
determination" - Uater Pollution Research Report
Commission of the EEC, EUR 11562, 1988.
"Evaluation of the impact of Parathion, Methyl-parathion,
Fenitrothion and Fenthion on the aquatic environment"
University of Ghent - G. Persoone, P. Vanhaeke, E. Gobbers
- October 1985 - XI/171/86.
 "Evaluation of the impact of Malathion on the aquatic
environment" - Joint Research Centre ISPRA - G. Premazzi -
1983 - XI/44/84.
"The     Pesticide     manual"     -     Ch.    R.     Worthing,
Editor, Glasshouse Crops Research Institute, Sixth Edition
1979.
                                                                 3c
 ---pagebreak--- 10. "Pesticide residues in food       1984", Report sponsored
    jointly FAO and WHO, Report 1984.
11.  "Trifluralin -assessment of its Toxicity and Danger to
    Human Health, Paivi Julkunen and Olavi Pelkonen, Helsinki
    1986.
                                                              l<
 ---pagebreak---                          Proposal for a
                        COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
     amending Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by
        certain dangerous substances discharged into the
              aquatic environment of the Community
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN        COMMUNITIES,
Having regard     to the Treaty establishing         the European Economic
Community, and in particular Article           130s thereof.
Having regard to          Council Directive 76/464/EEC of 4 May 1976
on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged
into  the    aquatic   environment     of    the  Community    (1), and   in
particular Articles 6 and 12 thereof ,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission             (2),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament              (3),
Having    regard    to  the   opinion     of   the   Economic   and   Social
Comcuittee ( 4) ,
Whereas, in order to protect the aquatic environment of the
Community     against     pollution     caused     by   certain    dangerous
substances, Article 3 of Directive 76/464/EEC introduces a
system of prior authorization laying down emission standards
for discharges of the substances in List I in the Annex
thereto; whereas Article 6 of the said Directive provides
for laying down limit values for such emission standards
and quality objectives for the aquatic environment affected by
discharges of these substances;
(1) OJ No L 129, 18.5.1976, p. 23.
(2)
(3)
(4)
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas    pollution     through    discharges             of    the    various
dangerous substances within List I must be eliminated; whereas
the  Council    should,    within     specific     time   limits    and    on   a
proposal   from    the  Commission,      adopt    limit   values    which     the
emission   standards    should  not    exceed, methods       of measurement,
and  the   time   limits   with   which     existing    dischargers      should
comply;
Whereas    Member States should apply these limit values, except
where a Member State can prove to the Commission, in accordance
wirh  •> monitoring    procedure     set   up  by   the  Council, that        the
quality   objectives    established     by   the Council, on a         proposal
from the Commission, are being met and continuously                 maintained
throughout the area which might be affected              by the discharges
because   of   the   action   taken,     among    others,   by    that   Member
State ;
Unzreas,    to   enable   Member     States     to   demonstrate      that    the
quality objectives are being met, provision should be made for
reports to the Commission for each quality objective chosen and
applled ;
Whereas Member States should         seek to ensure       that the measures
taken   pursuant    to  this  Directive      do   not  have    the   effect    of
increasing soil or air pollution;
Whereas substances and groups of substances are listed in List
I in the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC because of       their     persistence,
toxicity and bioaccumulation;
Whereas it is necessary to make the procedure establishing
limit values and quality objectives for dangerous substances
more efficient in order to achieve quickly common Community-
wide standards for those substances belonging to List I in the Annex to
Directive 76/464/EEC; whereas the setting of limit values and
quality objectives should, for reasons of time and efficiency,
be carried out by the Council acting by qualified majority
pursuant to the second paragraph of Article 130s;
 ---pagebreak--- Whereas            trifluralin,      endosulfan,            simazine,              triorganotin
compounds            (i.e. tributyltin              oxide, triphenyltin                 acetate,
triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide), atrazine and
Organophosphoros substances (i.e. azinphos- ethyl, azinphos-
methyi, fenitrothion, fenthion, malathion, parathion and
parathion-methyl, dichlorvos) have been chosen mainly on the
basis of the criteria adopted in Directive 76/464/EEC;
Whereas, since pollution due to the discharge of these
substances into the aquatic environment is caused by a large
number of industries, it is necessary to lay down specific
limit values for discharges according to the type of industry
concerned and to lay down quality objectives for the aquatic
environment into which these substances are discharged,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE :
                                            Axli.c_Ifi._L
The      first      subparagraph of A r t i c l e 12(1) of D i r e c t i v e 76/464/EEC  is
hereby replaced by the f o l l o w i n g :
"The Council a c t i n g by q u a l i f i e d m a j o r i t y and a f t e r c o n s u l t i n g
the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee
s h a l l , w i t h i n nine months, take a d e c i s i o n on any Commission
p r o p o s a l made pursuant t o A r t i c l e 6 and on the p r o p o s a l s
c o n c e r n i n g the methods of measurement                applicable."
 ---pagebreak---                                             AX_LlÊ.lfi.._2„
The    following    substances belonging                   to List      I of the Annex to
Directive 76/464/EEC will be considered on a priority basis for
the purpose of fixing limit values and quality objectives :
    Trifluralin
    Endosulfan
    Simazine
    Triorganotin compounds :
    * Tributyltin oxide
    * Triphenyltin acetate
    * Triphenyltin oxide
    * Triphenyltin hydroxide
    Atrazine
    Organophosphoros substances :
    * Azinphos-ethyl
    * Azinphos-methyl
    * Fenitrothion
    * Fenthion
    * Malathion
    * Parathion and Parathion-methyl
    * Dichlorvos
                                            Article 3
1.  Member S t a t e s  shall          bring     into    force    t h e measures   necessary
    t o comply w i t h t h i s D i r e c t i v e by         31 December 1991.
    They s h a l l forthwith            inform t h e Commission           thereof.
    The provisions adopted pursuant to the f i r s t subparagraph shall
    make express reference to t h i s D i r e c t i v e .
2.  Member      States         shall          communicate           to    the   Commission
    the text of the provis-hons of national law which they adopt in the f i e l d
    governed by t h i s D i r e c t i v e .
    The Commission shall inform the Member States accordingly.
                                                                                             35
 ---pagebreak---                                  ArtjçJ,e__l
This D i r e c t i v e i s addressed to the Member S t a t e s
 Done at                                   For the Council
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                                COM(90) 9 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                              15
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-90-063-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-57387-2
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