CELEX: 42006X1227(08)
Language: en
Date: 2006-12-27 00:00:00
Title: Regulation No 124 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of wheels for passenger cars and their trailers

L 375/568        EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                     27.12.2006
    Regulation No 124 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations CON/ECE)
                                 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of wheels
                                    for passenger cars and their trailers
   1.          SCOPE
               This Regulation covers new replacement wheels designed for vehicles in categories M1,
               M1G, O1 and O2 1/.
               It does not apply to original equipment wheels or vehicle manufacturer’s replacement
               wheels as defined in paragraphs 2.3. and 2.4.1. It does not apply to "Special wheels", as
               defined in paragraph 2.5., which shall remain subjected to national approval.
               This Regulation comprises requirements for wheel manufacture and installation.
   2.          DEFINITIONS
               For the purpose of this Regulation:
   2.1.        "Wheel" means a rotating load-carrying member between the tyre and the axle. It usually
                   consists of two major parts:
                   (a)    the rim;
                   (b)    the wheel disc.
               The rim and wheel disc may be integral, permanently attached, or detachable.
   2.1.1.      "Disc wheel" means a permanent combination of a rim and wheel disc.
   2.1.2.      "Wheel with demountable rim " means a wheel so constructed that the demountable rim is
               clamped to the wheel disc.
   2.1.3.      "Rim" means that part of the wheel on which the tyre is mounted and supported.
   2.1.4.      "Wheel disc" means that part of the wheel which is the supporting member between the
               axle and the rim.
   2.2.        "Wheel type" means a wheel which does not differ in the following essential characteristics:
        the wheel manufacturer;
        wheel or rim size designation (according to ISO 3911:1998);
   _____________
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    page 2
27.12.2006      EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                          L 375/569
    1/ Categories M and O as defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of
    Vehicles (R.E.3) (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2).
    2.2.3.     construction materials;
    2.2.4.     wheel attachment holes;
    2.2.5.     maximum load capacity;
    2.2.6.     recommended maximum inflation pressure;
    2.2.7.     method of production (welded, forged, cast,…).
    2.3.       "OE-wheels" means wheels which are authorized to be fitted, to the vehicle model, by the
               vehicle manufacturer during the production of the vehicle.
    2.4.       "Replacement Wheels" means wheels which are intended to replace the OE wheels during
               the service life of the vehicle. Replacement wheels may belong to one of the following
               category:
    2.4.1.     "Vehicle manufacturer's replacement wheels" being wheels supplied by the vehicle
               manufacturer;
    2.4.2.     "Identical replacement wheels" being wheels which are manufactured using the same
               manufacturing equipment and material as that used for replacement wheels supplied by the
               vehicle manufacturer. They differ from vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheels only by
               the absence of vehicle manufacturer’s trademarks and part number;
    2.4.3.     "Replica replacement wheels" being wheels which are replicas of vehicle manufacturer’s
               replacement wheels but produced by a manufacturer who is not a supplier of the vehicle
               manufacturer with the specified wheel. With regard to the design (basic contour,
               dimensions, inset, material type and quality and so on) and service life they fully
               correspond to vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheels;
    2.4.4.     "Pattern part replacement wheels" being wheels produced by a manufacturer who is not a
               supplier of the vehicle manufacturer with the specified wheel. With regard to the design,
               inset, rim designation wheel fixing PCD and spigot mounting diameter, correspond to that
               of an OE-wheel, but wheel contour, material and so on, may be different;
    2.5.       "Special wheels" means wheels which are not OE-wheels and which do not fulfil the
               criteria for wheels described in paragraph 2.4. (for example wheels with different rim width
               or diameter).
    2.6.       "Inset" means the distance from the attachment face of the disc to the centre line of the rim
               (that can be positive, as shown in Figure 1 below, zero, or negative).
 ---pagebreak---                                                                          TRANS/WP.29/2005/46
L 375/570   EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 3               27.12.2006
                                                 Figure 1
   2.7.   "Dynamic radius" means the dynamic loaded radius defined as the theoretical rolling
          circumference divided by 2R of the largest tyre to be used on the wheel as specified by the
          wheel manufacturer.
   2.8.   "International Tyre and Rim Standards" mean documents concerning wheel standardization
          issued by the following Organizations:
              (a) The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2/;
              (b) The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO) 3/:
                  "Standards Manual";
              (c) The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO) 3/:
                   "Engineering Design Information - obsolete data";
              (d) The Tyre and Rim Association Inc. (TRA) 4/: "Year Book";
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27.12.2006        EN                    Official Journal of the European Union                       L 375/571
                    (e) The Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association (JATMA) 5/:
                       "Year Book”;
                    (f) The Tyre and Rim Association of Australia (TRAA) 6/:"Standard
                       Manual";
                    (g) The Associação Latino Americana de Pneus e Aros (ALAPA) 7/:
                       "Manual de Normal Technicas”;
                    (h) The Scandinavian Tyre and Rim Organisation (STRO) 8/:"Data
                       Book”
    2.9.         "Technical crack" is a material separation with a propagation of more than 1 mm occurring
                 during a dynamic test (defects caused by the production process are not to be taken into
                 account).
    2.10.        "Wheel calliper" is the rotating profile shape, formed by the internal wheel contour (see
                 Annex 10, figure 1).
    2.11.        "Tyre size designation" means a designation showing the nominal section width, the
                 nominal aspect ratio and the conventional number that denotes the nominal rim diameter
                 (these terms are further defined in Regulation No. 30).
    3.           APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
    3.1.         The application for approval of a wheel type shall be submitted by the manufacturer, or by
                 his duly accredited representative, and shall be accompanied by:
    ________________
    The tyre standards can be obtained from the following addresses:
    2/ ISO, 1, rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Genève 20 – Switzerland
    3/ ETRTO, 32 Av. Brugmann - Bte 2, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium
    4/ TRA, 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, Ohio, 44321 USA
    5/ JATMA, NO.33 MORI BLDG. 8th Floor 3-8-21, Toranomon Minato-Ku, Tokio
       105-0001, Japan
    6/ TRAA, Suite 1, Hawthorn House, 795 Glenferrie Road, Hawthorn, Victoria,
       3122 Australia
    7/ ALAPA, Avenida Paulista 244-12° Andar, CEP, 01310 Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
 ---pagebreak---                                                                               TRANS/WP.29/2005/46
L 375/572      EN                      Official Journal of the European Union page 5                 27.12.2006
   8/ STRO, Älggatan 48 A, Nb, S-216 15 Malmö, Sweden
   3.1.1.    Drawings, in triplicate, sufficiently detailed to permit identification of the type. They shall
             also show the position intended for the approval mark and for the wheel markings;
   3.1.2.    Technical description including at least the following characteristics:
   3.1.2.1.  Category of replacement wheels – see paragraphs 2.4.2., 2.4.3. and 2.4.4.;
   3.1.2.2.  rim contour designation - wheel inset - wheel attachment details;
   3.1.2.3.  tightening torque for studs and nuts;
   3.1.2.4.  fixing method of balancing weights;
   3.1.2.5.  necessary accessories (i.e. additional mounting components);
   3.1.2.6.  International Standard reference;
   3.1.2.7.  suitable for tubeless tyre mounting;
   3.1.2.8.  suitable valves types;
   3.1.2.9.  maximum load capacity;
       maximum inflation pressure;
   3.1.2.11. detail of material including chemical composition (see Annex 4).
   3.1.2.12. tyre size designations specified for original equipment by the vehicle manufacturer.
   3.1.3.    Documentation in accordance with paragraph 1. of annex 10 to this Regulation:
             - vehicle characteristics (Annex 10, paragraph 1.2.);
             - additional characteristics (Annex 10, paragraph 1.3.);
             - fitting instructions details (Annex 10, paragraph 1.4.); and
             - additional requirements (Annex 10, paragraph 2.).
   3.1.4.    Sample wheels representative of the wheel type necessary for the execution of laboratory
             tests or test reports issued by the Type Approval Authority.
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    page 6
27.12.2006        EN                    Official Journal of the European Union                           L 375/573
    3.2.        In case of application for approval of an identical wheel, the applicant shall satisfy the type
                approval authority that the wheel is indeed an "identical replacement wheel" as defined in
                paragraph 2.4.2.
    4.          APPROVAL
    4.1.        If the wheel submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 3. above meets the
                requirements, then approval for this type of wheel shall be granted.
    4.2.        An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. The first two digits (at
                present 00 for the regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments
                incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the
                time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number
                to another type of wheel.
    4.3.        Notice of approval or refusal or extension of approval of a type of wheel under this
                regulation shall be communicated to the parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this
                regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this
                Regulation.
    4.4.        Every wheel conforming to a type approved under this regulation shall bear, in addition to
                the markings prescribed in paragraph 5., a clearly legible and indelible international
                approval mark consisting of:
    4.4.1.      circle surrounding the letter E followed by the distinguishing number of the country which
                has granted approval (see Annex 2). 9/
    4.4.2.      The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter R, a dash and the approval number
                according to paragraph 4.2.
    ________________
    9/ 1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for
         Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12
         Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for
         Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for
         Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for
         Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria,
         35 (vacant), 36 for Lithuania, 37 for Turkey, 38 (vacant), 39 for Azerbaijan, 40 for The former
         Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are
         granted by its member States using their respective ECE symbol), 43 for Japan,44 (vacant), 45 for
         Australia, 46 for Ukraine, 47 for South Africa, 48 for New Zeeland, 49 for Cyprus, 50 for Malta
         and 51 for the Republic of Korea. Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the
         chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of
         Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted
         and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approval
         Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated
         by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.
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L 375/574         EN                      Official Journal of the European Union page 7             27.12.2006
   4.5.         The approval mark shall be permanent, visible and clearly legible, when the tyre is fitted
                on the wheel.
   4.6.         Annex 2 to this regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the approval mark.
   4.7.         The wheel manufacturer's facilities may be used for test purposes provided that the Type
                Approval Authority or a designated representative witnesses the tests.
   5.           WHEEL MARKINGS
   5.1.         The wheel shall be permanently and legibly marked as follows, in a position chosen by
                the manufacturer, but visible when the tyre is fitted on the wheel:
   5.1.1.       manufacturer name or trade mark;
   5.1.2.       the wheel or rim contour designation;
   5.1.2.1.     It shall be expressed according to the prescription of one International Tyre and Rim
                Standards and includes at least:
                rim size designation comprising:
                    rim contour designation nominal rim diameter,
                    the symbol "x" if one piece rim,
                    the symbol "-" if multipiece rim
                    letter "A" if the well is located asymmetrically (optional),
                    the letter "S" if the well is located symmetrically (optional).
   5.1.3.       the wheel inset;
        date of manufacture(at least the month and year);
   5.1.5.       the wheel/rim part number.
   5.2.         Annex 3 to this regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the wheel markings.
   6.           GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
   6.1.         Rim contour shall conform to the International Standard specified by the wheel
                manufacturer.
   6.2.         Rim contour shall ensure the correct fitting of tyres and valves.
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    page 8
27.12.2006    EN                       Official Journal of the European Union                       L 375/575
    6.2.1.   Wheels designed for use with tubeless tyres shall ensure air retention.
    6.3.     Materials used for the construction of the wheel shall be analysed according to Annex 4.
    6.4.     In the case of identical replacement wheel as defined in paragraph 2.4.2., there shall not be
             any requirement for physical testing as given in paragraph 6.5. or vehicle fitment checking
             as given in paragraph 2. of Annex 10 to this Regulation.
    6.5.     The replica replacement wheels and pattern part replacement wheels shall satisfy the
             following tests:
    6.5.1.   Steel wheels
    6.5.1.1. Disc wheels
             (a)    rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
             (b)    rolling test as per Annex 7.
    6.5.2.   Aluminium alloy wheels
    6.5.2.1. One piece wheels
             (a)         Corrosion test as per Annex 5. If the process within a production line is
                         always the same, only one representative test is to be carried out.
             (b)         Rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
             (c)         Rolling test as per Annex 7.
             (d)         Impact test as per Annex 8.
    6.5.2.2. Demountable rim wheels
             (a)         Corrosion test as per Annex 5;
             (b)         Rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
             (c)         Rolling test as per Annex 7;
             (d)         Impact test as per Annex 8;
             (e)         Alternating torque test as per Annex 9.
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L 375/576     EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 9                27.12.2006
   6.5.3.   Magnesium alloy wheels
   6.5.3.1. One piece wheels
            (a)        Corrosion test as per Annex 5;
            (b)        Rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
            (c)        Rolling test as per Annex 7;
            (d)        Impact test as per Annex 8.
   6.5.3.2. Demountable rim wheels
            (a)        Corrosion test as per Annex 5;
            (b)        Rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
            (c)        Rolling test as per Annex 7;
            (d)        Impact test as per Annex 8;
            (e)        Alternating torque test as per Annex 9.
   6.6.     Where a wheel manufacturer submits application for type approval for a range of wheels, it
            is not considered necessary to carry out all tests on every type of wheels in the range.
            Worst case selection may be made at the discretion of the type approval Authority or the
            designated Technical Service (see Annex 6 paragraph 4. of this Regulation).
   6.7.     Pattern part replacement wheels shall satisfy the following requirements to guarantee
            proper fitment on the vehicle:
   6.7.1.   The nominal rim diameter, nominal rim width and nominal inset of ECE-approved
            wheels shall be the same as the manufacturer’s replacement wheel.
   6.7.2.   Wheels shall be suitable for tyres of the tyre size designations specified initially by the
            vehicle manufacturer for the particular model concerned.
   6.7.3.   The checks and documentation relevant to the wheel/vehicle fitment are described in
            Annex 10.
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    page 10
27.12.2006    EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                       L 375/577
    7.      MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR WHEEL
    7.1.    Every modification of the wheel type shall be notified to the approval authority which
            granted the type approval. The approval authority may then:
    7.1.1.  either consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse
            effects and that in any case the type of wheel still complies with the requirements;
    7.1.2.  or require a further test.
    7.2.    Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the
            procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. above to the parties to the agreement applying this
            regulation.
    7.3.    The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number
            to each communication form drawn up for such an extension.
    8.      CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
    8.1.    The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the
            Agreement - E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2, Appendix 2.
    8.2.    The authority which has granted type approval may at any time verify the conformity
            control methods applied in each production facility. The normal frequency of these
            verifications shall be once every two years.
    9.      PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
    9.1.    The approval granted in respect of a type of wheel pursuant to this regulation may be
            withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met or if a wheel bearing the
            approval mark does not conform to the type approved.
    9.2.    If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this regulation withdraws an approval
            it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties
            applying this regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in
            Annex 1 to this Regulation.
    10.     PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
            If the holder of an approval completely ceases to manufacture a wheel approved in
            accordance with this regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the
            approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, that authority shall inform the
            other parties applying this regulation by means of a communication form conforming to
            the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
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L 375/578  EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 11                27.12.2006
   11.    NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR
          CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS
          The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying the regulation shall communicate to the
          United Nations secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible
          for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval
          and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, or
          production definitely discontinued issued in other countries, are to be sent.
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27.12.2006       EN                               Official Journal of the European Union                                                           L 375/579
                                                                     Annex 1
                                                          COMMUNICATION
                                           (Maximum format: A4(210 x 297 mm))
                                                                                issued by: Name of administration:
                                                                                                     ......... ......................... .........
    concerning: 2/                        APPROVAL GRANTED
                                           APPROVAL EXTENDED
                                           APPROVAL REFUSED
                                           APPROVAL WITHDRAWN
                                           PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
    of a wheel type, pursuant to Regulation No. XY
    Approval No. ......                                                                    Extension No. ......
        Wheel manufacturer: ..............................................................................................................
        Wheel type designation:
        Category of replacement wheels: ............................................................................................
        Construction material:.............................................................................................................
        Method of production:
        Rim contour designation:
        Wheel inset: ...........................................................................................................................
        Wheel attachment:                   ......................................................................................................
        Maximum load capacity
    3.     Address of the manufacturer: ...........................................................................................
    4.     If applicable, name and address of manufacturers representative:....................................
    5.     Date on which the wheel was submitted for approval tests: ............................................
    6.     Technical Service responsible for carrying out the approval test: ...................................
    7.     Date of test report issued by the Technical Service: ........................................................
    8.     Number of test report issued by the Technical Service: ...................................................
    9.     Remarks: ..........................................................................................................................
    10.    Approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2/:...........................................................
    11.    Reason(s) for the extension (if applicable): .....................................................................
    12.    Place: ................................................................................................................................
    13.    Date: .................................................................................................................................
    14.    Signature/Name: ...............................................................................................................
        Annexed is a list of documents making up the approval file, deposited with the competent
           authority which granted approval, a copy can be obtained on request.
    ___________________
    1/     Distinguishing number of the country granting the approval.
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L 375/580        EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 13            27.12.2006
   2/      Strike out what does not apply.
                                                      Annex 2
                              ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPROVAL MARK
                                                            .
   The wheel bearing the above approval mark is a wheel that has been approved in Italy (E3) under
   approval number 001148.
   The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance
   with the requirements of Regulation No. XY in its original form.
   The marking of approval mark, the Regulation number and approval number may be at a distance
   from each other respecting the sequence.
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    page 14
27.12.2006       EN                    Official Journal of the European Union                        L 375/581
                                                      Annex 3
                            ARRANGEMENT OF THE WHEEL MARKINGS
    Example of markings which shall be applied to a wheel conforming to this Regulation:
          ABCDE      5 ½ J x 14 FH     36      01 99       ab123
    This example of marking defines a wheel:
           manufactured by ABCDE
           having a rim contour designation (5½ J)
           having a one piece construction(x)
           having a nominal rim diameter code (14)
           having a non symmetrical location of the well (no mark)
           having a flat hump configuration of the bead-seat area on one side only (FH) – optional
           marking
           having a wheel inset of 36 mm
           manufactured in January 1999 (0199)
           the manufacturer’s part number (ab123)
    The rim designation shall include in the following order the rim contour designation, the construction,
    the nominal rim diameter code, the location of the well and the bead-seat configuration, as in the
    example 5½ J x 14 FH. It is also permitted to reverse the order for the first three elements as in the
    example 14 x 5½ J FH.
    The marking of the wheel inset, the date of production and manufacturer’s name may be at a distance
    from the rim designation.
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L 375/582        EN                     Official Journal of the European Union       page 15           27.12.2006
                                                       Annex 4
                                                MATERIAL TEST
   The following metallurgical analysis shall carried out and reported:
                     Material                                                Tests
                     Aluminium alloy                                        a, c, e
                     Magnesium alloy                                         a, c, e
                     Steel                                                   a, b, d
       Chemical analysis of the raw-material.
       Check of the following mechanical characteristics (Rp0,2, Rm, and A) relevant to the materials:
        -   percentage elongation after fracture (A) : Permanent elongation of the gauge length after
            fracture (Lu – Lo), expressed as a percentage of the original length (Lo).
            Where
            original gauge length (Lo) : Gauge length before application of force.
            final gauge length (Lu) : Gauge length after rupture of the test piece.
        -   proof strength, non-proportional extension (Rp) : Stress at which a non-proportional extension
            is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (Le). The symbol used is
            followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the extensometer gauge length, for
            example: Rp0,2.
        -   tensile strength (Rm) : Stress corresponding to the maximum force (Fm).
       Check of the mechanical characteristics (Rp0,2, Rm, and A) of test-pieces taken from the hub
        mounting area and in the disc to rim transition area or in the failure zone if any.
       Analysis of the metallurgic defects and of the raw material structure.
       Analysis of the metallurgic defects and of the test-pieces structure taken from the hub mounting area
        and in the disc to rim transition area or in the failure zone if any.
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    page 16
27.12.2006   EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                        L 375/583
                                                   Annex 5
                                           CORROSION TEST
    1.      Carry out a salt-spray test as per ISO 9227 for 384 hours.
    1.1.    Sample preparation
            A surface treated sample, taken from production, shall be damaged by cross engraving and
            stone impact (ISO 565) to represent damaging situations during the normal usage of vehicle
            (damage shall be in the area of the rim flange and inside the wheel).
    1.2.    Test development
            The surface treated sample shall pass a salt-spray test, in which the sample and any
            components with which is normally in contact are put in upright position into the salt-spray
            test equipment. The wheel is turned through 90° every 48 hours.
    1.3.    Evaluation
            Individual measures which may affect the corrosion are to be evaluated (covers, crews, zinc
            or cadmium buses, alloy insulating covers, etc.)
            The test documentation shall include photos showing the main corrosion points which have
            been mechanically washed in order to show the material defects.
            There shall not be any significant corrosion after a test duration of 192 hours. After 384
            hours the wheel functionality, the mounting components and the tyre bead seat shall not be
            adversely affected by corrosion. This shall be confirmed by a rotating bending test as per
            Annex 6 or by a rolling test as per Annex 7, depending on the location of the corrosion.
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L 375/584     EN                     Official Journal of the European Union   page 17                27.12.2006
                                                    Annex 6
                                     ROTATING BENDING TEST
   1.       Test Description
            During the rotating bending test, the lateral forces acting on wheel in driving around a curve
            are simulated. Four wheel samples shall be tested, two at 50% and two at 75% of the
            maximum side force. The wheel rim is fixed rigidly to the test bench, and a bending
            moment Mb is applied to the hub mounting area (i.e. through a loading arm with a flange
            having the same pitch circle diameter as the vehicle for which the wheel is intended). Light
            alloy wheels are fixed using the internal rim flange by two semicircular flanges.
            Should other fixing devices be used, it is necessary prove their equivalence.
            Screws or fixing nuts are tightened to the torque stated by the vehicle manufacturer and
            retightened after 10,000 cycles approximately.
   2.       Formula for the bending moment calculation
            Cars and off-road vehicles : MbmaX = S * FV ( o* rdyn + d)
            MbmaX      = maximum reference bending moment ]Nm_
            FV      = maximum load capacity of wheel ]N_
            rdyn    = dynamic radius of largest tyre recommended for wheel ]m_
            d      = inset ]m_
            o      = coefficient of friction
            S      = factor of safety
   3.       The test is carried out with two percentage values (50 per cent and 75 per cent) of the max
            moment and on the basis of the following standards
          Coefficient of friction              0.9
          Factor of safety                     2.0
          Nominal cycles per minute            The number of cycles per minute can be the maximum
                                               possible but outside the testing rig resonance frequency.
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    page 18
27.12.2006         EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                             L 375/585
                            Aluminium / Magnesium                           Steel
    Vehicle category          M1 and M1G                O1 and O2             M1 and M1G            O1 and O2
                                        5                           5                     4                 4
    Min cycles with 75           2.0*10                  0.66*10                 6.0 * 10            2.0*10
    per cent MbmaX
                                        6                           6                    5                  5
    Min cycles with 50           1.8*10                  0.69*10                  6.0*10             2.3*10
    per cent MbmaX
    Acceptance limits       Shaft displacement less than 10 per cent greater than the displacement measured
                            after approximately 10,000 cycles.
                            Technical cracks are not accepted.                                 -
    Allowable loss of                                          Maximum 30 per cent
    tightening torque
    initially applied to
    the wheel fixing
    studs and nuts 1/
    4.           Test schedule for range of wheel types
                 Wheels of the same type (paragraph 2.2.) but with different inset values can be grouped
                 using the highest value of test bending moment according to the following test schedule.
                  Wheel versions having a larger centre hole shall be included in the test. In the case of a
                 failure further samples shall be tested.
                 Necessary tests:
      Number of wheels to be tested                                      Rotating bending test
                                                           Short test                        Long test
      Minimum PCD                                                1                               1
      Maximum PCD                                                1                               1
      if only one PCD                                            2                               2
      Inset variations up to 2 mm                                --                              --
      From 2 mm to 5 mm                                          1                               --
      @ 5 mm                                                     1                               1
    Tests to be carried out should the maximum permitted wheel load subsequently increase.
    ____________
    1/ Check loss of tightening torque of wheel fixings by retightening, not by measuring torque to
    loosen fixings.
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L 375/586         EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 19           27.12.2006
    If the resulting test bending                             1                        1
    moment increases up to 10 per cent
    max.
             Short test      =   rotating bending test with 75 per cent of l Mbmax
                                 (calculated for the max wheel load)
             Long test       =   rotating bending test with 50 per cent of Mbmax
             Should the testing moment be increased of more of 10 per cent, when compared to the first
             approval, the whole programme shall be repeated.
                                         Example of a rotating bending test rig.
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    page 20
27.12.2006        EN                      Official Journal of the European Union                         L 375/587
                                                         Annex 7
                                                    ROLLING TEST
    1.       Test Description
             In the rolling test the stress on the wheel when driving straight ahead is simulated by testing a
             wheel rolling against a drum which has a minimum outside diameter of 1.7 m, in the case of an
             external rolling test, or a minimum internal diameter equal to the dynamic radius of the tyre
             divided by 0.4 in the case of an internal rolling test. Two wheels shall be tested.
    2.       Formula for calculation of the test load
    All types of vehicles                                       FP = S * FV
             FP             =testing load [N]
             FV             =wheel maximum load capacity of the wheel [N]
             S              =factor of safety
    3.       Tests Procedure and Requirements
             Tests are carried out on the basis of the following specifications:
                                                      M1 and M1G                               O1 and O2
    Rolling direction                     Straight
    Factor of safety - S                                     2.5                                  2.0
                                                          2.25 1/
    Tyres                                 Taken from normal (series) production and, if possible, of the
                                          maximum nominal section width recommended for the wheel
    Testing speed in km/h                 The max. allowed by the tyre given by the speed index, usually
                                          60-100 km/hour
    Equivalent rolling distance                         2,000 km                               2,000 km
                                                       1,000 km 1/                           1,000 km 1/
    Tyre pressure at start of test (nor Normal usage:                    rolling test pressure
    checked or controlled during the Up to              160 kPa             280 kPa
    test)                                 More than 160 kPa                 min. 400 kPa
    Limits of acceptance                  Technical cracks and/or air leakage are not accepted.
    Allowable loss of tightening                                            30 per cent
    torque initially applied to the
    wheel fixing studs and nuts 2/
    ______________
    1/ For passenger cars steel disc wheels.
    2/ Check loss of tightening torque of wheel fixings by retightening - not by measuring torque to
    loosen fixing.
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L 375/588 EN Official Journal of the European Union page 21           27.12.2006
              Examples of rolling test rigs.
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    page 22
27.12.2006         EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                           L 375/589
                                                         Annex 8
                                                     IMPACT TEST
        Test Description
              Wheel strength with regard to the fractures on edges and other critical points when the wheel
              strikes an obstacle shall be checked. In order to show the sufficient resistance to fractures it is
              necessary carry out an impact test as per Annex 8 - Appendix 1.
    2.        Formula for the calculation of test load
              D      = 0.6 * FV / g + 180 [kg]
              D      = value of falling mass [kg]
              FV     = maximum wheel load capacity [N]
                                                                   2
              g      = acceleration due to gravity 9.81 m/s
    3.        Test Procedure and Requirements
                               M1 and M1G
    Procedure and              As per Annex 8 – Appendix 1
    requirements
    Tyre pressure              The tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer based on the load
                               index and the max. vehicle speed, but at least 200 kPa.
    Tyres                      Tyres taken from normal (series) production with the minimum nominal
                               section width and minimum rolling circumference on the range of tyres
                               recommended for the particular wheel.
    Acceptance criteria        The test shall be considered satisfactory if there is not any visible fracture
                               penetrating through the wheel surface and if there is not any loss of inflation
                               pressure within one minute of completing the test. Fractures and indentations
                               caused by the direct contact with the falling weight are acceptable.
                               In the case of wheels with demountable rims or other components that can be
                               dismantled, if threaded fastenings that are close to the spoke or ventilation
                               holes fail the wheel is to be considered as having failed the test.
    Number of samples to One for each impact position.
    be tested
    Impact positions           One in the area connecting spokes to rim and further one in the area between
                               two spokes, very close to the valve hole.
                               If possible, the impact direction shall not coincide with the radial line between
                               a fixing hole and the wheel centre.
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L 375/590      EN                    Official Journal of the European Union page 23           27.12.2006
   4.      Tests schedule for range of wheel types
           Tests necessary:
   Wheels to be tested                         Impact test
   Minimum PCD of fixing holes                 One for each impact position
   Maximum PCD of fixing holes                 One for each impact position
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    page 24
27.12.2006   EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                          L 375/591
                                          Annex 8 - Appendix 1
                 PASSENGER CARS - LIGHT ALLOY WHEELS - IMPACT TEST
    1.      SCOPE
            This annex specifies a laboratory test procedure to evaluate the axial (lateral) kerb impact
            collision properties of a wheel manufactured either wholly or partly of light alloys. It is
            intended for passenger car applications, with the purpose of screening and/or quality control
            of the wheel.
    2.      TEST EQUIPMENT
    2.1.    New wheels, fully processed, representative of wheels intended for passenger car
            application, fitted with a tyre.
    2.2.    Impact loading test machine with a vertically acting striker having an impacting face at least
            125 mm wide and at least 375 mm long and sharp edges broken by radius or chamfer, in
            accordance with figure 1. The falling mass, D, within a tolerance of  2 per cent, expressed
            in kilograms, shall be as follows:
                D = 0.6 * FV / g + 180 [kg]
            where FV / g is the maximum static wheel loading, as specified by the wheel and/or vehicle
            manufacturer, expressed in kilograms.
    2.3.    Mass of 1,000 kg.
    3.      CALIBRATION
            Ensure, by means of a test calibration adapter, that the 1,000 kg mass (paragraph 2.3.)
            applied vertically to the centre of the wheel fixing as shown in figure 2 causes a deflection
            of 7.5 mm ± 0.75 mm when measured at the centre of the beam.
    4.      TEST PROCEDURE
    4.1.    Mount the test wheel (paragraph 2.1.) and tyre in the test machine (paragraph 2.2.) such that
            the impact loading is applied to the rim flange of the wheel. The wheel shall be mounted
            with its axis at an angle of 13°  1° to the vertical with its highest point presented to the
            striker.
            The tyre mounted on the test wheel shall be the smallest nominal section width tubeless
            radial-ply tyre intended for use on that wheel. The inflation pressure shall be that specified
            by the vehicle manufacturer or, in the absence of such specification, it shall be 200 kPa.
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L 375/592       EN                     Official Journal of the European Union page 25               27.12.2006
              The temperature of the test environment shall remain within a range of 10 °C to 30 °C
              throughout the test period.
   4.2.       Ensure that the wheel is mounted on the hub fixture with dimensionally representative
              fixings such as would be used on a vehicle. Manually tighten the fixings to a value or by a
              method as recommended by the vehicle or wheel manufacturer.
              Because the design of wheel centre members may vary, test a sufficient number of locations
              on the wheel rim circumference to ensure that the integrity of the centre members is
              assessed. Use new wheels each time.
              In case of test on the spoke, that spoke is to be chosen where the bolt hole is closest.
   4.3.       Ensure that the striker is over the tyre, and overlaps the rim flange by 25 mm  1 mm.
              Raise the striker to a height of 230 mm  2 mm above the highest part of the rim flange and
              allow it to fall.
   5.         FAILURE CRITERIA
              The wheel is considered to have failed the test if any of the following apply:
              (a)   visible fracture(s) penetrate through a section of the centre member of the wheel
                    assembly;
              (b)   the centre member separates from the rim;
              (c)   the tyre loses all air pressure within 1 min.
              The wheel is not considered to have failed the test by deformation of the wheel assembly or
              by fractures in the area of the rim section struck by the face plate of the striker.
   _______
   Note: Tyres and wheels used in the tests should not be used subsequently on a vehicle.
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    page 26
27.12.2006  EN             Official Journal of the European Union L 375/593
                        Figure 1 – Impact loading test machine
                                   Figure 1 - Detail A
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L 375/594      EN                  Official Journal of the European Union page 27           27.12.2006
   Dimensions in millimetres
                      Figure 2 – Application of loading to centre of wheel mount
   Dimensions in millimetres
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    page 28
27.12.2006        EN                     Official Journal of the European Union                      L 375/595
                                                        Annex 9
                                       ALTERNATING TORQUE TEST
    2.        Test Description
             In an alternating torque test the torque acting on wheel during braking and acceleration is
             simulated. The sample wheels shall be tested at each percentage value (50 per cent and 75 per
             cent ) of the maximum calculated torque. Each wheel flange is rigidly fixed on the test table
             and stressed by an alternating torque of ± MT, introduced through the attachment face i.e.
             through a brake disc or through other components.
    2.       Formula for the calculation of the test torque
                                                    MT      =      S * FV * rdyn
             Where:
             MT        =     test torque [Nm]
             S         =     factor of safety
             FV        =     maximum wheel load capacity [N]
             rdyn      =     dynamic radius [m]
             Tests are carried out on the basis of the following parameters:
    Factor of safety S                                                                   1,0
                                                                                             5
    Min number of cycles with ± 90 per cent MT                                         2* 10
                                                                                             6
    Min number of cycles with ± 45 per cent MT                                         2* 10
    Acceptance criteria                                              Technical cracks not acceptable
    Allowable loss of the initial torque applied to wheel                            30 per cent
    fixing studs and nuts 1/
    __________
    1/ Check loss of tightening torque of wheel fixings by retightening, not by measuring torque to loosen
    fixing.
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L 375/596    EN                     Official Journal of the European Union page 29              27.12.2006
                                                  Annex 10
                    VEHICLE FITMENT CHECKS AND DOCUMENTATION
   1.      Application and fitting Information
          The type approval authority shall be supplied with a copy of following information which
          shall also be supplied to the consumer with the wheel.
   1.1.    Wheel characteristics:
           ECE approval number, wheel type and variant, international rim designation (for example,
           15 H2 x 5 ½ J) and inset.
   1.2.    Vehicle characteristics:
           Vehicle manufacturer, vehicle model name and description, vehicle power and VIN range
           including at least WMI, VDS and first digit of VIS describing the model year (see ISO
           3779-1983).
   1.3.    Additional characteristics: Any particular requirements, special fittings and so on that are
           specified when using the manufacturer’s replacement wheels or specific requirements for
           the ECE approved wheel.
   1.4.    Fitting instruction detail: Recommendations and safety precautions when fitting the wheel;
           Use of any additional or substitute wheel fixing components, for example, longer wheel
           bolts or studs with alloy wheels;
           Wheel fixing tightening torque; drawing attention to the importance of this aspect and the
           need to preferably use a calibrated torque wrench; Instruction regarding the necessity to re-
           tighten the wheel fixing after 50 km of driving; References to the use and mounting of
           hubcaps, if applicable;
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    page 30
27.12.2006         EN                    Official Journal of the European Union                             L 375/597
    1.5.         Example of a possible structure of the Application and fitting Information table.
    Wheel characteristics (mandatory fields in bold characters)
    ECE approval          Wheel type Size                     Inset               Pcd            fixing holes 1/
    number
    XY R-I 0001148        6014          6Jx14H2               38 mm               98 mm          4
    Wheel variant         Control       Wheel                 centre ring         Centre hole    max. wheel
                          spigot        marking               marking             Dia.           load in N
                          location
    A                     Yes           98-38                 120-98              58.1 mm        5500
    Vehicles' characteristics
    Vehicle             vehicle         Vehicle          Power
                                                                            Identification (VIN)
    manufacturers       model name      type             In kW
                        ALFA            ALFA             66 - 95           WMI       VDS      Year(s)
    FIAT                ROMEO           ROMEO
                        145/146         930                                1C9       Y817H3 4
    Additional characteristics
    Ref.        Characteristic
    1/          Spherical fastening screws
         Additional requirements
                 Wheel calliper check
                 The design of the inner contour of the wheel (wheel calliper see Figure 1) must provide
                 sufficient space for the brake, suspension and steering components.
                 In the case where the wheel calliper is outside of the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement
                 wheel calliper, no verification is necessary.
                 In the case where the calliper is inside the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel
                 calliper, a check shall be carried out of wheel operating clearance with respect to brake,
                 suspension and steering components and general under body components, taking into
                 account the effect of wheel balance weights.
                 As a rule, the following criteria have to be fulfilled:
                 minimum clearance for brake components (worst case, for example with new brake
                 linings): 3 mm 1/),
                 minimum clearance for suspension components (e. g. upper and lower suspension arms): 4
                 mm,
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L 375/598        EN                     Official Journal of the European Union page 31                27.12.2006
               minimum clearance for steering components (e. g. track rod and steering joints ): 4 mm, and
               minimum clearance between balance weights and vehicle components:2 mm.
               The check may be carried out statically or dynamically. If the various clearances on the
               vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel are less than those given above, then these can
               be accepted.
   2.2.        Ventilation holes check
               An approved wheel shall not reduce the brake efficiency in comparison with a
               manufacturer’s replacement wheel. The heat transfer from the brakes into steel wheels is
               regarded as being more severe than that with of light alloy wheels. In the case where the
               vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel is designed for a defined air circulation from the
               brake through the wheel ventilation holes (for example by "windmilling" effect) and where
               the area of the ventilation holes, in a pattern part replacement wheel, is smaller than the
               corresponding vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel, a comparison test shall be carried
               out to evaluate the brake efficiency.
               The test shall follow the requirements of Regulation No. 13, appendix 4, paragraph 1.5.
               Type I - Fade test procedure. The criterion is the brake temperature. The maximum
               temperature measured (discs, drum) using the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel
               must not be exceeded with the wheel to be approved.
               Any hubcaps normally fitted are to be taken into account.
   2.3.        Wheel fixing
               The use of vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel fixing components is
               recommended. Any special wheel fixing components shall allow fitting of the pattern
               part replacement wheel without requiring any additional change. The basic number of
               wheel fixings, for example 4 holes, 5 holes and so on, shall not be changed. Wheel
               fixings shall not foul other components, for example, brake components. Regarding
               wheel bolts, nuts and studs, the length of thread engagement shall be the same as
               achieved by the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel and wheel fixings. The
               profile of the bolts / nuts shall be compatible with the profile of the location hole in the
               approved wheel. The material used for the wheel fixing components shall be at least
               equivalent to the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel fixing components.
   ________________
   1/ Use of vehicle manufacturer brake component profiles and wheel caliper is recommended.
   However in-service monitoring is necessary because of possible change of brake parts and/or OE-
   wheel calliper during the vehicle production run.
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    page 32
27.12.2006   EN                          Official Journal of the European Union                              L 375/599
            In the case where wheel accessories are provided, any necessary special tools for
            mounting and demounting shall also be provided.
            Where different wheel fixing components are supplied, they shall be detailed in the
            information required by paragraph 1.2., and any necessary special fitting tools shall be
            provided.
    2.4.    External projections
            The approved wheel when fitted to the vehicle, together with any necessary wheel
            accessories, shall not create any danger. The requirements of Regulation ECE-R26 shall
            be respected.
    2.5.    Miscellaneous
            The test report shall contain the details and results of the tests carried out. It shall
            confirm that the tested wheel meets the requirements.
                                     Wheel Caliper contour
                                                                              Line outside the Wheel Caliper
                                                                              contour
                        line inside the Wheel Caliper contour
                     Figure 1 : Wheel inner contour including examples of inside
                                                and outside situations.
                                                             _____