CELEX: 51994PC0362
Language: da
Date: 1994-09-08
Title: Forslag til RÅDETS AFGØRELSE om godkendelse af det Europæiske Atomenergifællesskabs indgåelse af konventionen om nuklear sikkerhed

KOIVMI SS IONEN FOR DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABER
                                            K0M(94) 362 endelig udg.
                                            B r u x e l l e s , den 08.09.1994
                              Forslag t i I
                           RAPETS AFGØRELSE
                        OM GODKENDELSE AF
              DET EUROPÆISKE ATOMENERGIFÆLLESSKABS
                  INDGÅELSE AF KONVENTIONEN OM
                         NUKLEAR SIKKERHED
                     (forelagt  af Kommissionen)
 ---pagebreak---                            BEGRUNDELSE
I. INDLEDNING
1. I 1991 spillede Kommissionen og medlemsstaterne en afgørende
   rolle i forbindelse med forberedelse, drøftelser og
   udarbejdelse af udkast til konklusionerne fra "Den
   internationale konference om nuklear sikkerhed: strategier
   for fremtiden", der blev afholdt fra den 2. til den 6.
   september 1991 i Wien i Den Internationale
   Atomenergiorganisation IAEA's regi.
2. I "Hovedkonklusionerne" erklærede den internationale
   konference, at der var "behov for at overveje en integreret,
   international løsning af alle spørgsmål vedrørende nuklear
   sikkerhed", og henviste til "den mulige værdi af en trinvis
   løsningsmodel" med henblik på en rammekonvention om nuklear
   sikkerhed. Konferencen anmodede "de styrende organer i IAEA"
   om at arrangere "forberedelsen af et udkast til de nødvendige
   elementer i en sådan formaliseret international løsning, hvor
   fordelene ved forskellige muligheder undersøges, og hvor der
   tages hensyn til de aktiviteter og roller, der gør sig
   gældende for relevante internationale organer og
   interguvernementale organer, idet der tages udgangspunkt i de
   retningslinjer og mekanismer, der allerede opereres med i
   IAEA."
3. I medfør af en resolution, der blev vedtaget på IAEA's
   generalkonference kort tid efter, og af de af en
   ekspertgruppe fremsatte anbefalinger indkaldte IAEA til det
   første møde i maj 1992 i en åben gruppe bestående af
   juridiske og tekniske eksperter, hvis opgave var at forberede
   ordlyden af et udkast til en konvention om nuklear sikkerhed.
   Gruppen mødtes syv gange med fuld deltagelse af Kommissionens
   repræsentanter. Det sidste møde fandt sted fra den 31. januar
   til den 4. februar 1994.
 ---pagebreak--- 4. I september 1993 fremsatte Kommissionen et udkast til en
   rådsafgøreise med retningslinjer for Kommissionens
   forhandling af en internat,i onal konvention om nuklear
   sikkerhed(1).
5. På mødet i De Faste Repræsentanters komité den 27. januar
   1994 blev der opnået enighed om, at en talsmand for Den
   Europæiske Union på ekspertgruppens møde i Wien skulle stille
   forslag om en fremgangsmåde, der skal gøre det muligt for Det
   Europæiske Atomenergifællesskab (Euratom) at undertegne og
   efterfølgende ratificere, acceptere eller godkende
   konventionen, eller eventuelt tiltræde den.
6. På ovennævnte møde fra den 31. januar til den 4. februar 1994
   opnåedes der i ekspertgruppen enighed dm den endelige ordlyd
   af udkastet til en konvention om nuklear sikkerhed. Efter
   forslag fra eksperterne fra det græske formandskab indeholder
   udkastet en bestemmelse, der åbner mulighed for, at
   konventionen kan undertegnes eller tiltrædes af stater og
   regionale organisationer, hvis formål er integration eller
   andet (artikel 30 i udkastet til konvention).
7. IAEA vil indkalde til en diplomatisk konference fra den 14.
   til den 17. juni 1994 i Wien, hvor konventionen om nuklear
   sikkerhed skal drøftes og vedtages formelt. Konventionen kan
   så fremlægges til undertegning på IAEA's generalkonferences
   38. ordinære møde i september 1994, og den vil kunne
   undertegnes indtil det tidspunkt, hvor den træder i kraft.
8. Kommissionen er af den opfattelse, at konventionen om nuklear
   sikkerhed er i overensstemmelse med bestemmelserne i Euratom-
   traktaten og med den deraf afledte lovgivning. Af nedenfor
   anførte grunde kan denne overensstemmelse imidlertid kun
   sikres fremover, hvis Fællesskabet bliver part i konventionen
   på linje med de medlemsstater, der ønsker det.
   SKK (^4 ) LJ41) o n d e ! i cjudcj.
 ---pagebreak---    Det foreslås derfor, at Fællesskabet undertegner konventionen
   med henblik på at blive part heri.
II KONVENTIONEN OM NUKLEAR SIKKERHED.
9. Målsætningerne med konventionen er i henhold til artikel 1:
   i)     at opnå og bevare et højt niveau af nuklear sikkerhed
          på verdensplan gennem nationale foranstaltninger og
          internationalt samarbejde,
   ii)    at tilvejebringe og opretholde en effektiv beskyttelse
          på nukleare anlæg mod eventuelle strålingsfarer med
          henblik på at beskytte enkeltpersoner, samfundet og
          miljøet mod skadelige virkninger af ioniserende
          stråling fra sådanne anlæg,
   iii)   at forebygge ulykker, der medfører stråling og mildne
          følgerne heraf, hvis sådanne ulykker skulle indtræffe;
10. Med henblik på at opfylde disse målsætninger foreskrives der
    i konventionens kapitel 2 en række forpligtelser, herunder
     (artikel 7 ) , at de kontraherende parter tilvejebringer og
    bevarer forskriftsmæssige og lovmæssige rammer med henblik
    på at sikre sikkerheden på nukleare anlæg.
 ---pagebreak--- 11. Der fastsættes specifikke bestemmelser for følgende områder:
    Rapportering (artikel 5)
    Vurdering og verifikation af sikkerhed (artikel 14)
    Strålingsbeskyttelse (artikel 15)
    Nødberedskab (artikel 16)
    Placering (artikel 17)
    Projektering og konstruktion (artikel 18)
    Drift (artikel 19)
    Som indledning til de forpligtelser, der opstilles i
    konventionens kapitel II, findes der et kapitel om generelle
    bestemmelser (kapitel I) og supplerende kapitler om
    institutionelle ordninger vedrørende møder mellem de
    kontraherende parter (kapitel III) og slutklausuler og andre
    bestemmelser (kapitel IV).
III BESTEMMELSER I KONVENTIONEN VEDRØRENDE ANLIGGENDER INDEN FOR
    EURATOM-TRAKTATENS ANVENDELSESOMRÅDE.
12. Konventionen drejer sig i forskellige henseender om
    anliggender inden for Euratom-traktatens anvendelsesområde.
    Fællesskabets bemyndigelse og jurisdiktion berøres på
    følgende måder:
 ---pagebreak---     a) Fællesskabets enekompetence i henhold til artiklerne 30,
    31 og 32 i EAFK Traktaten
13. I henhold til artikel 4 i konventionen skal de kontraherende
    parter inden for rammerne af deres nationale lovgivning
    træffe alle nødvendige administrative og lovgivningsmæssige
    foranstaltninger
    med henblik på at opfylde deres forpligtelser under
    konventionen. I henhold til artikel 15 medfører dette
    navnlig, at hver kontraherende part skal tage alle
    nødvendige skridt for at sikre, at bestrålingen fra nukleare
    installationer af arbejdstagere og befolkningen holdes så
    lav som det med rimelighed er muligt, og at ingen
    enkeltperson under nogen omstændigheder udsættes for
    strålingsdoser, der overstiger gældende dosisgrænser.
14. Inden for det område, inden for hvilket Euratom- traktaten
    finder anvendelse (jf. artikel 198 heri), er disse
    lovgivningsmæssige og forskriftsmæssige opgaver
    Fællesskabets ansvarsområde, idet det i medfør af artikel 2
    (b) i Euratom-traktaten skal "indføre ensartede
    sikkerhedsnormer til beskyttelse af befolkningens og
    arbejdstagernes sundhed og overvåge deres anvendelse". Til
    den ende siges det i Euratom- traktatens artikel 30 mere
    specifikt:
    "I Fællesskabet indføres grundlæggende normer til
    beskyttelse af befolkningens og arbejdstagernes sundhed mod
    de farer, som er forbundet med ioniserende stråling.
    Ved grundlæggende normer forstås :
    (a) de maksimale doser, der kan tillades med fornøden
        sikkerhed,
    (b) den maksimalt tilladelige bestråling og kontaminering,
 ---pagebreak---     (c) de fundamentale principper for lægekontrol med
        arbejdstagerne."
15. De grundlæggende normer, som i øjeblikket er i kraft i
    Fællesskabet, er fastsat i Rådets direktiv af 15. juli 1980
    om ændring af direktiverne om fastsættelse af de
    grundlæggende normer for beskyttelse af befolkningens og
    arbejdstagernes sundhed mod de farer, der er forbundet med
    ioniserende stråling (80/836/Euratom)(2), som ændret ved
    Rådets direktiv 84/467/Euratom af 3. september 1984(3).
    Disse direktiver suppleres af yderligere relevant
    fællesskabslovgivning på området sundhed og sikkerhed(4).
    (2) EFT nr. L 246 af 17.9.1980, s. 1
    (3) EFT nr. L 265 af 5.10.1984, s. 4; den 20. juli 1993 fremlagde
        Kommissionen et ændret fprslag til Rådets direktiv om fastsættelse
        af grundlæggende sikkerhedsnormer til beskyttelse af befolkningens
        og arbejdstagernes sundhed mod de farer, som er forbundet med
        ioniserende stråling (EFT nr: C 245 af 9.9.1993, s . 5 ) .
    (4) Rådets direktiv 84/466/Euratom af 3. september 1984 om fastsættelse
        af grundlæggende foranstaltninger til strålebeskyttelse af
        personer, der underkastes medicinske undersøgelser og behandlinger
        (EFT nr. L 265 5.10.1994, s. 1 ) .
        Rådets beslutning 87/600/Euratom af 14. december 1987 om en
        fællesskabsordning for hurtig udveksling af information i tilfælde
        af strålingsfare (EFT nr. L 371, 30.12.1987, s. 7 6 ) .
        Rådets direktiv 89/618/Euratom af 27. november 1989 om oplysning af
        befolkningen om, hvorledes den skal forholde sig, samt om
        sundhedsmæssige foranstaltninger i tilfælde af strålingsfare (EFT
        nr. L 357 af 7.12.1989, s. 3 1 ) .
        Rådets direktiv 90/641/Euratom af 4. december 1990 om
        strålebeskyttelse af eksterne arbejdstagere, der udsættes for
        risici for ioniserende stråling under deres arbejde i et
        kontrolleret område (EFT nr. L 349 af 13.12. 1990, s. 2 1 ) .
        Rådets direktiv 92/3/Euratom af 3. februar 1992 om overvågning af
        og kontrol med overførsel af radioaktivt affald mellem
        medlemsstaterne samt ind i og ud af Fællesskabet (EFT nr. L 35,
        12.2.1992).
        Rådets forordning 87/3954/Euratom af 22. december 1987 om
        fastsættelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for radioaktivitet i
        levnedsmidler og foder som følge af nukleare ulykker eller andre
        tilfælde af strålingsfare (EFT nr. L 371, 30.12.1987, s. 1 1 ) .
 ---pagebreak--- Kommissionens forordning 89/944/Euratom af 12. april 1989 om
fastsættelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for radioaktivitet i
mindre vigtige levnedsmidler som følge af nukleare ulykker eller
andre tilfælde af strålingsfare (EFT nr. L 101, 13.4.1989, s. 17).
Rådets forordning 89/2218/Euratom af 18. juli 1989 om ændring af
forordning (Euratom) nr. 3954/87 om fastsættelse af de maksimalt
tilladte niveauer for radioaktivitet i levnedsmidler og foder efter
nukleare ulykker eller andre tilfælde af strålingsfare (EFT nr. L
211, 22.7.1989, s. 1 ) .
Rådets forordning 89/2219/EØF af 18. juli 1989 om særlige
betingelser for udførsel af levnedsmidler og foder efter nukleare
ulykker eller i andre tilfælde af strålingsfare (EFT nr. L 211,
22.7.1989, s.4).
Rådets forordning 90/737/EØF af 22. marts 1990 om betingelser for
indførsel af landbrugsprodukter med oprindelse i tredjelande som
følge af ulykken på kernekraftværket i Tjernobyl (EFT nr. L 82 af
29.3.1990, s. 1 ) .
Kommissionens forordning 90/770/Euratom af 29. marts 1990 om
fastsættelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for radioaktivitet i
foder som følge af nukleare ulykker eller andre tilfælde af
strålingsfare (EFT nr. L 83, 30.3.1990, s. 78).
Rådets forordning 1493/93/Euratom af 8. juni 1993 om overførsel af
radioaktive stoffer mellem medlemsstaterne (EFT nr. L 148,
19.6.1993, s. 1 ) .
Kommissionens forordning 1518/93/EØF af 21. juni 1993 (til
erstatning for Kommissionens forordning 92/598/EØF af 9. marts 1992)
om fastsættelse af en fortegnelse over produkter, der undtages fra
Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 737/90 om betingelser for indførsel af
landbrugsprodukter med oprindelse i tredjelande som følge af ulykken
på kernekraftværket i Tjernobyl (EFT nr. L 150, 22.6.1992, s. 30).
Rådets direktiv 85/337/EØF om vurdering af visse offentlige og
private projekters indvirkning på miljøet (EFT nr. L 175, 5.7.1985,
s. 40); dette direktiv finder udtrykkeligt anvendelse på bl.a.
atomkraftværker, også selv om det er baseret på EØF-traktaten.
 ---pagebreak---                                                              b)
    Fællesskabets sammenfaldende beføjelser i henhold til
    Euratom-traktaten
16.    Fællesskabets enekompetence under Euratom-traktatens
       artikel 30-32 suppleres af nogle ikke-eksklusive
       fællesskabsforpligtelser, hvis formål er at give de
       grundlæggende normer og deres anvendelse inden for
       Fællesskabet gyldighed. Disse forpligtelser, som er
       opstillet i Euratom-traktatens artikel 33 til 38,
       tilfalder på Fællesskabsniveau og drejer sig om følgende
       emner, som er dækket af udkastet til konventionen.
17.    Mens det i henhold til Euratom-traktatens artikel 33
       tilfalder enhver medlemsstat at vedtage de love og
       administrative bestemmelser, der er egnede til at sikre
       overholdelsen af de grundlæggende normer og at træffe de
       nødvendige foranstaltninger med hensyn til undervisning
       og faglig uddannelse, påhviler det Kommissionen at afgive
       alle henstillinger med henblik på at sikre en
       harmonisering af de gældende bestemmelser og at afgive
       henstillinger om alle forslag til bestemmelser på dette
       område.
       Med hensyn til anvendelsen af artikel 4 i konventionen er
       Kommissionen derfor impliceret i alle relevante
       lovgivningsmæssige og forskriftsmæssige foranstaltninger,
       som iværksættes af medlemsstaterne for at give
       konventionen fuldkommen gyldighed.
18.    Artikel 37 i Euratom-traktaten kræver, at Kommissionen
       fremsætter en udtalelse om, hvorvidt iværksættelsen af
       planer om bortskaffelse af radioaktivt affald "kan
       antages at medføre en radioaktiv kontaminering af en
       anden medlemsstats vande, jord eller luftrum". I det
       omfang de foranstaltninger, som overvejes i konventionen
       med hensyn til vurdering af sikkerhed (artikel 14),
       beredskab (artikel 16) og drift af nukleare
       installationer (artikel 19), vedrører bortskaffelse af
       spild af den art, som omtales i artikel 37 i Euratom-
       traktaten, berører de tydeligvis Kommissionens
       forpligtelser.
19.    I henhold til Euratom-traktatens artikel 35 og 36 har
       Kommissionen til en vis grad kontrol- og
 ---pagebreak---     tilsynsforpligtelser, som bl.a. tillader den at udøve
    sine beføjelser i henhold til artikel 38. Ifølge denne
    bestemmelse skal Kommissionen rette henstillinger til
    medlemsstaterne vedrørende radioaktivitetsmængden i
    atmosfæren, i vand og i jord. Endvidere har Kommissionen
    vidtrækkende beføjelser i tilfælde af nødsituationer, da
    ikke blot medlemsstaterne i sådanne tilfælde er pålagt
    den opgave at sikre overensstemmelse med de grundlæggende
    normer (jf. artikel 33), men at det også gælder
    Kommissionen. I det omfang konventionen således også
    gælder i nødsituationer, hvilket den gør (jf.
    f. eks. artikel 16), er Fællesskabets deltagelse
    nødvendig.
20. I lyset af ovenstående er Kommissionen af den opfattelse,
    at det er i Fællesskabets interesse at undertegne
    konventionen, for så vidt som resultatet af de
    forhandlinger, der er.planlagt til den 14.-17. juni 1994,
    er rimeligt og tilfredsstillende for Fællesskabet.
21. Kommissionen fremsender nu teksten til konventionen
     (bilag 1), således at Rådet kan godkende, at Kommissionen
    indgår den (bilag 2), i henhold til proceduren i Euratom-
    traktatens artikel 101, stk. 2.
    I medfør af Euratom-traktatens artikel 102 skal
    indgåelsen af konventionen først erklæres af Kommissionen
    for Fællesskabet, når alle interesserede medlemsstater
    har tilkendegivet over for Kommissionen, at konventionen
    er gjort anvendelig i overensstemmelse med den nationale
    lovgivning,
    I henhold til artikel 30, stk. 4, nr. iii, i konventionen
    afgiver Kommissionen samtidig en erklæring, som beskrevet
    i bilag 3, med angivelse af, hvilke stater der er
    medlemmer af Det Europæiske Atomenergifællesskab, og
    hvilke af konventionens artikler, der gælder for det.
                                 10
 ---pagebreak---                                                       ANNEX i
                 DRAFT NUCLEAR SAFETY CONVENTION
PREAMBLE
THE CONTRACTING PARTIES
 (i)     Aware of the importance to the international community
         of ensuring that the use of nuclear energy is safe,
         well regulated and environmentally sound;
 (ii)    Reaffirming the necessity of continuing to promote a
         high level of nuclear safety worldwide;
 (iii)   Reaffirming that responsibility for nuclear safety
         rests with the State where a nuclear installation is
         located;
 (iv)    Desiring to promote an effective nuclear safety
         culture,-
 (v)     Aware that accidents at nuclear installations have the
         potential for trans-boundary impacts;
 (vi)    Keeping in mind the Convention on the Physical
         Protection of Nuclear Material (1979), the Convention
         on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (1986),
         and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a
         Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (1986);
 (vii)   Affirming the importance of international cooperation
         for the enhancement of nuclear safety by the use of
         existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms and the
         establishment of this incentive Convention;
(viii)   Recognizing that this Convention entails a commitment
         to the application of fundamental safety principles
         rather than detailed safety standards and that there
         are internationally formulated safety guidelines which
         are updated from time to time and so can provide
         guidance on contemporary means of achieving a high
         level of safety;
(ix)     Affirming the need to begin promptly the development
         of an international convention on the safety of
         radioactive waste management as soon as the ongoing
         process to develop waste management safety
         fundamentals has resulted in broad international
         agreement ;
(x)      Recognizing the usefulness of further technical work
         in connection with the safety of other parts of the
         nuclear fuel cycle, and that this work may, in time,
         facilitate the development of current or future
         international instruments;
HAVE AGREED as follows:
                             yti
 ---pagebreak--- CHAPTER •!. OBJECTIVES. DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE
ARTICLE 1. OBJECTIVES
          The objectives of this Convention are:
 (i)      to achieve and maintain a high level of nuclear safety
          worldwide through national measures and international
          co-operation;
 (ii)     to establish and maintain effective defences in
          nuclear installations against potential radiological
          hazards in order to protect individuals, society and
          the environment from harmful effects of ionizing
          radiation from such installations;
 (iii)    to prevent accidents with radiological consequences
          and to mitigate such consequences should they occur.
ARTICLE 2. DEFINITIONS
          For the purpose of this Convention:
 (i)    "nuclear installation" means for each Contracting Party
        any land based civil nuclear power plant under its
        jurisdiction including such storage, handling and
        treatment facilities for radioactive materials as are
        on the same site and are directly related to the
        operation of the nuclear power plant. Such a plant
        ceases to be a nuclear installation when all nuclear
        fuel elements have been removed permanently from the
        reactor core and have been stored safely in accordance
        with approved procedures, and a decommissioning
        programme has been agreed to by the regulatory body.
 (ii)   "licence" means any authorization granted by the
        regulatory body to the applicant to have the overall
        responsibility for the siting, design, construction,
        commissioning or operation of a nuclear installation.
 (iii)  "regulatory body" means for each Contracting Party any
        body or bodies given the legal authority by that
        Contracting Party to grant licences and to regulate the
        siting,design, construction, commissioning, operation
        or decommissioning of nuclear installations.
ARTICLE 3. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
      The provisions of this Convention shall apply to the
safety of nuclear installations.
                               A-L
 ---pagebreak--- CHAPTER 2. OBLIGATIONS
           (a) General Provisions
ARTICLE 4. IMPLEMENTING MEASURES
     Each Contracting Party shall take, within the framework
of its national law, the legislative, regulatory and
administrative measures and other steps necessary to implement
its obligations under this Convention.
ARTICLE 5. REPORTING
     Each Contracting Party shall submit for review, prior to
each meeting referred to in Article 20, a report on the
measures it has taken to implement each of the obligations of
this Convention.
ARTICLE 6. EXISTING NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
     Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that the safety of nuclear installations existing at
the time the Convention enters into force for that Contracting
Party is reviewed as soon as possible. When necessary in the
context of this Convention, the Contracting Party shall ensure
that all reasonably practicable improvements are made as a
matter of urgency to upgrade the safety of the installation.
If such upgrading cannot be achieved, plans should be
implemented to shut down the installation as soon as
practically possible. The timing of the shut-down may take
into account the whole energy context and possible
alternatives as well as the social, environmental and economic
impact.
          (b) Legislation and regulation
ARTICLE 7. LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
1.   Each Contracting Party shall establish and maintain a
legislative and regulatory framework to govern the safety of
nuclear installations.
2.   The legislative and regulatory framework shall provide
for:
     (i) the establishment of applicable national safety
          requirements and regulations;
     (ii) a system of licensing with regard to nuclear
          installations and the prohibition of the operation
          of a nuclear installation without a licence;
                               AS
 ---pagebreak---       (iii) a system ol: regulatory inspection and assessment of
            nuclear installations to ascertain compliance with
            applicable regulations and the terms of any
            licence;
      (iv)  enforcement of applicable regulations and of the
            terms of any licence, including suspension,
            modification or revocation.
ARTICLE 8. REGULATORY BODY
1.    Each Contracting Party shall establish or designate a
regulatory body entrusted with the implementation of the
legislative and regulatory framework established in accordance
with Article 7,and provided with adequate authority,
competence and financial and human resources to fulfill its
assigned responsibilities.
2.    Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure an effective separation between the functions of the
regulatory body and those of any other body or organization
concerned with the promotion or utilization of nuclear energy.
ARTICLE 9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LICENCE HOLDER
      Each Contracting Party shall ensure that prime
responsibility for the safety of a nuclear installation rests
with the holder of the relevant licence and shall take the
appropriate steps to ensure that each such licence holder
meets its responsibility.
             (c) General Safety Considerations
ARTICLE 10. PRIORITY TO SAFETY
     Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that all organizations engaged in activities
directly related to nuclear installations shall establish
policies that give due priority to nuclear safety.
ARTICLE 11. FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
1.   Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that adequate financial resources are available to
support the safety of each nuclear installation throughout its
life.
2.   Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that for all safety related activities in or for
each nuclear installation throughout its life sufficient
numbers of qualified staff with appropriate education,
training and retraining are available.
                               Au
 ---pagebreak--- ARTICLE 12. HUMAN FACTORS
      Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that the capabilities and limitations of human
performance are taken into account throughout the life of a
nuclear installation.
ARTICLE 13. QUALITY ASSURANCE
      Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that quality assurance programmes are established
and implemented with a view to providing confidence that
specified requirements for all activities important to nuclear
safety are satisfied throughout the life of a nuclear
installation.
ARTICLE 14. ASSESSMENT AND VERIFICATION OF SAFETY
      Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that :
 (i) comprehensive and systematic safety assessments are
      carried out before constructing and commissioning a
      nuclear installation and throughout its life. Such
      assessments shall be well documented, subsequently updated
      in the light of operating experience and significant new
      safety information, and reviewed under the authority of
      the regulatory body,-
 (ii) verification by analysis, surveillance, testing and
      inspection is carried out to ensure that the physical
      state of a nuclear installation and the operation of the
      installation continue to be in accordance with its
      design, applicable national safety requirements and with
      operational limits and conditions.
ARTICLE 15. RADIATION PROTECTION
      Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that in all operational states the radiation
exposure to the workers and the public caused by a nuclear
installation shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable and
no individual shall be exposed to radiation doses which exceed
prescribed national dose limits.
ARTICLE 16. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
1.    Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that there are on-site and off-site emergency plans
that are routinely tested for nuclear installations and cover
the activities to be carried out in the event of an emergency.
                               AS
 ---pagebreak--- For any new nuclear installation, such plans shall be prepared
and tested before it commences operation above a very low
power level.
2.   Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that, insofar as they are likely to be affected by a
radiological emergency, its own population as well as the
competent authorities of the States in the vicinity of the
nuclear installation are provided with appropriate information
for emergency planning and response.
3.   Contracting Parties which do not have a nuclear
installation on their territory, but are likely to be affected
in the event of a radiological emergency in a neighbouring
State, shall take the appropriate steps to ensure that
emergency plans have been prepared and tested that cover the
activities to be carried out in the event of an emergency.
            (d) Safety of Installations
ARTICLE 17. SITING
     Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that appropriate procedures are established and
implemented:
(i)   for evaluating all relevant site-related factors which
      are likely to affect the safety of a nuclear
      installation for its projected lifetime;
(ii)  for evaluating the likely safety impact of a proposed
      nuclear installation on individuals, society and the
      environment ;
(iii) for re-evaluating as necessary all relevant factors
      referred to under sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) to ensure
      the continued safety acceptability of the nuclear
      installation;
(iv)  for consulting Contracting Parties in the vicinity of a
      proposed nuclear installation, insofar as they are
      likely to be affected by that installation and, upon
      request providing the necessary information to such
      Contracting Parties, in order to enable them to evaluate
      and form their own assessment of the likely safety
      impact of the installation.
                               AG
 ---pagebreak--- ARTICLE 18. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
       Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that:
 (i)   the design and construction of a nuclear installation
       provides for several reliable levels and methods of
       protection (defense in depth) against the release of
       radioactive materials, with a view to preventing the
       occurrence of accidents and to mitigating their
       radiological consequences should they occur;
 (ii)  the technologies incorporated in the design and
       construction of nuclear installations are proven by
       experience or qualified by testing or analysis;
 (iii) the design allows for reliable, stable and easily
       manageable operation, with specific consideration of
       human factors and the man-machine interface.
ARTICLE 19. OPERATION
       Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure that :
(i)     the initial authorization to operate a nuclear
        installation is based upon an appropriate safety
        analysis and a commissioning programme demonstrating
        that the installation, as constructed, is consistent
        with design and safety requirements;
(ii)    operational limits and conditions derived from the
        safety analysis, tests and operational experience are
        defined and revised as necessary to identify safe
        boundaries for operation,-
(iii)   operation, maintenance, inspection and testing of a
        nuclear installation are conducted in accordance with
        approved procedures;
(iv)    procedures are established to respond to anticipated
        operational occurrences and to accidents;
(v)     necessary engineering and technical support in all
        safety related fields is available throughout the
        lifetime of a nuclear installation;
(vi)    incidents significant to safety are reported by the
        holder of the relevant licence to the regulatory body;
                                  M
 ---pagebreak---  (vii)   programmes to collect and.analyze operating experience
         are established, that the results obtained and the
         conclusions drawn are acted upon and that existing
        mechanisms are used to share important experience with
         international bodies and with other operating
         organizations and regulatory bodies;
 (viii) the generation of radioactive waste resulting from the
         operation of a nuclear installation is kept to the
        minimum practicable for the process concerned, both in
         activity and volume, and that any necessary treatment
         and storage of spent fuel and waste directly related to
         the operation and on the same site take into
         consideration conditioning and disposal.
CHAPTER 3. MEETINGS OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES
ARTICLE 20. REVIEW MEETINGS
1.     The Contracting Parties shall hold meetings for the
purpose of reviewing the reports submitted pursuant to Article
5 in accordance with the procedures adopted under Article 22.
These meetings shall hereinafter be referred to as "review
meetings".
2.     Subject to the provisions of Article 24 sub-groups
comprised of representatives of Contracting Parties may be
established and may function during the review meetings as
deemed necessary for the purpose of reviewing specific
subjects contained in the reports.
3.     Each Contracting Party shall have a reasonable
opportunity to discuss the reports submitted by other
Contracting Parties and to seek clarification of the reports.
ARTICLE 21. TIMETABLE
1.     A preparatory meeting of the Contracting Parties shall
be held not later than six months after the date of entry into
force of this Convention.
2.     At this preparatory meeting the Contracting Parties
shall determine the date for the first review meeting. This
review meeting shall be held as soon as possible but not later
than thirty months after the date of entry into force of this
Convention.
3.     At each review meeting the Contracting Parties shall
determine the date for the next such meeting. The interval
between review meetings shall not exceed three years.
                                   A?
 ---pagebreak--- ARTICLE 22. PROCEDURAL ARRANGEMENTS
 1.   At the preparatory meeting held pursuant to Article 21
the Contracting Parties shall prepare and adopt by consensus
Rules of Procedure and Financial Rules. The Contracting
Parties shall establish in particular and in accordance with
the Rules of Procedure:
       (i)   guidelines regarding the form and structure of the
             report to be submitted pursuant to Article 5;
       (ii) a date for submission of such reports,-
       (iii)  the process for reviewing such reports;
2.    At review meetings the Contracting Parties may,if
necessary, review the arrangements established under sub-
paragraphs (i)-(iii)above, and adopt revised arrangements by
consensus unless otherwise provided for in the Rules of
Procedure.
ARTICLE 23. EXTRAORDINARY MEETINGS
      An extraordinary meeting of the Contracting Parties
shall be held:
 (i)  if so agreed by a majority of the Contracting Parties
      present and voting at a meeting,abstention being
      considered as voting; or
 (ii) at the written request of a Contracting Party, within
      six months of this request having been communicated to
      the Contracting Parties and notification having been
      received by the Secretariat, that the request has been
      supported by a majority of the Contracting Parties.
ARTICLE 24. ATTENDANCE
1.    Each Contracting Party shall attend meetings of the
Contracting Parties and be represented at such meetings by one
delegate, and such alternates, experts and advisers as it
deems necessary.
2.    The Contracting Parties may invite, by consensus, any
intergovernmental organization which is competent in respect
of matters governed by this Convention to attend, as
observers, any meeting, or specific sessions thereof.
Observers shall be required to accept in writing, and in
advance, the provisions of Article 27.
                                A°>
 ---pagebreak--- ARTICLE 25. SUMMARY REPORTS
       The Contracting Parties shall adopt, by consensus, and
make available to the public a document addressing issues
discussed during a meeting and conclusions reached.
ARTICLE 26. LANGUAGES
1.     The languages of meetings of the Contracting Parties
shall be Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
unless otherwise provided in the Rules of Procedure.
2.     Reports submitted pursuant to Article 5 shall be
prepared in the national language of the submitting
Contracting Party or in a single designated language to be
agreed in the Rules of Procedure. Should the report be
submitted in a national language other than the designated
language, a translation of the report into the designated
language shall be provided by the Contracting Party.
ARTICLE 27. CONFIDENTIALITY
1.     The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the
rights and obligations of the Contracting Parties under their
law to protect information from disclosure. For the purposes
of this Article, "information" includes, inter alia,
 (i)personal data,- (ii) information protected by intellectual
property rights or by industrial or commercial
confidentiality; and (iii) information relating to national
security, the physical protection of nuclear materials or
nuclear installations.
2.     When, in the context of this Convention, a Contracting
Party provides information identified by it as protected as
described in paragraph 1, such information shall be used only
for the purposes for which it has been provided and its
confidentiality shall be respected.
3.     The content of the debates during the reviewing of the
reports by the Contracting Parties at each meeting shall be
confidential.
ARTICLE 28.   SECRETARIAT
1.     The International Atomic Energy Agency, (hereinafter
referred to as the "Agency") shall provide the secretariat for
the meetings of the Contracting Parties.
2.     The secretariat shall :
       (i)    convene, prepare and service the meetings of the
              Contracting Parties;
                                 «fo
 ---pagebreak---         (ii)   transmit to the Contracting Parties information
               received or prepared in accordance with the
              provisions of this Convention.
       The costs incurred by the Agency in fulfilling (i) and
 (ii) above shall be borne by the Agency as part of its regular
budget.
3.     The Contracting Parties may, by consensus, request the
Agency to provide other services in support of meetings of the
Contracting Parties. The Agency may provide such services if
they can be undertaken within its programme and regular
budget. Should this not be possible, the Agency may provide
such services if voluntary funding is provided from another
source.
CHAPTER 4. FINAL CLAUSES AND OTHER PROVISIONS
ARTICLE 29. RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS
       In the event of a disagreement between two or more
Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or
application of this Convention, the Parties shall consult
within the framework of a meeting of the Contracting Parties
with a view to resolving the disagreement.
ARTICLE 30. SIGNATURE, RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL,
ACCESSION
1.     This Convention shall be open for signature by all
States at the Headquarters of the Agency in Vienna until its
entry into force.
2.     This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance
or approval by the signatory States.
3.     After its entry into force, this Convention will be open
for accession by all States.
4. (i)     This Convention shall be open for signature or
           accession by regional organizations of an integration
           or other nature, provided that any such organization
           is constituted by sovereign States and has competence
           in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and
           application of international agreements in matters
           covered by this Convention.
    (ii)   In matters within their competence, such
           organizations shall, on their own behalf, exercise
           the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which this
           Convention attributes to States Parties.
                                    cM
 ---pagebreak---      (iii) When becoming party to this Convention such an
            organization shall communicate to the Depositary a
            declaration indicating which States are members
            thereof and which articles of this Convention apply
            to it, as well as the extent of its competence in the
            field covered by those articles.
     (iv)   Such organization shall not hold any vote additional
            to those of its Member States.
5. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.
ARTICLE 31. ENTRY INTO FORCE
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day
after the date of deposit with the Depositary of the
 [twentieth] instrument of ratification, acceptance or
approval, including the instruments of [fifteen]States, each
with at least one nuclear installation.
2.      For each State or regional organization of an
integration or other nature which ratifies, accepts, approves
or accedes to this Convention after the date of deposit of the
last instrument required to satisfy the conditions in
paragraph 1, this Convention shall enter into force on the
ninetieth day after deposit of the appropriate instrument by
such a State or organization.
ARTICLE 32. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONVENTION
1.     Any Contracting Party may propose an amendment to this
Convention. Proposed amendments shall be considered at a
review or extraordinary meeting.
2.     The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for
it shall be provided to the Depositary who shall communicate
the proposal to the Contracting Parties promptly and at least
ninety days before the meeting at which it is submitted for
consideration. Any comments received on such a proposal shall
be circulated by the Depositary to the Contracting Parties.
3.     The Contracting Parties shall decide after consideration
of the proposed amendment whether to adopt it by consensus, or
in the absence of such consensus, whether to submit it to a
Diplomatic Conference. A decision to submit a proposed
amendment to a Diplomatic Conference shall require a two-
thirds majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the
meeting, provided that at least one half of the Contracting
Parties are present at the time of voting. Abstentions shall
be considered as voting.
                                   st i
 ---pagebreak--- 4.     The Diplomatic Conference to consider and adopt
amendments to this Convention shall be convened by the
Depositary to be held no later than one year after the
appropriate decision taken in accordance with paragraph 3 of
this Article.
5. Amendments to this Convention adopted under paragraphs 3
and 4 above shall be subject to ratification, acceptance,
approval, or confirmation by the Contracting Parties and shall
enter into force for those Contracting Parties having
ratified, accepted, or approved or confirmed them on the
ninetieth day after the receipt by the Depositary of the
relevant instruments by at least three fourths of the
Contracting Parties. For those Contracting Parties which
later on ratify, accept, approve or confirm the said
amendments, the latter will enter into force on the ninetieth
day after that Party deposits its relevant instrument.
ARTICLE 33. DENUNCIATION
1.     Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention by
written notification to the Depositary.
2. Denunciation shall take effect one year following the date
of the receipt of the notification by the Depositary, or on
such later date as may be specified in the notification.
ARTICLE 34. DEPOSITARY
1. The Director General of the Agency shall be the Depositary
of this Convention.
2. The Depositary shall inform the Contracting Parties of:
    (i)    the signature of this Convention and of the deposit
          of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval
          or accession, in accordance with Article 30;
    (ii)  the date on which the Convention enters into force,
          in accordance with Article 31;
    (iii) the notifications of denunciation of the Convention
          and the date thereof, made in accordance with Article
          33;
    (iv)  the proposed amendments to this Convention submitted
          by the Contracting Parties, the amendments adopted by
          the relevant Diplomatic Conference or by the meeting
          of the Contracting Parties, and the date of entry
          into force of the said amendments, in accordance with
          Article 32.
                                    *3
 ---pagebreak--- ARTICLE 35. AUTHENTIC TEXTS
   The original of this Convention - of which the Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are
equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Depositary who
shall send certified copies thereof to the Contracting
Parties.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF THE UNDERSIGNED, BEING DULY AUTHORIZED TO
THAT EFFECT, HAVE SIGNED THIS CONVENTION.
Done at            on the     day of
                                   £<f
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                       BILAG 2
                                  RÅDHTS AFGØRELSE
                                                af... .
                       om godkendelse af Kommissionens indgåelse af
                            Konventionen om Nuklear Sikkerhed
                                       (.../.../Euratom)
RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION HAR -
under henvisning til traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske Atomenergifællesskab,
særlig artikel 101, stk. 2,
under henvisning til udkast fra Kommissionen, og
ud fra følgende betragtninger:
På mødet mellem regeringsrepræsentanterne, der afholdes i Wien i Den Internationale
Alomcncrgiorganisations hovedkvarter fra den 14. til den 17. juni 1994, skal
konventionen om nuklear sikkerhed vedtages;
i betragtning ai' de opgaver, der ved traktatens kapitel III, afsnit 2, er tildelt Fællesskabet,
bør Kommissionens indgåelse af konventionen godkendes;
TRUFFET FØLGENDE AFGØRELSE:
                                        Eneste artikel
Herved godkendes Kommissionens indgåelse af konventionen om nuklear sikkerhed.
Udfærdiget i ...                                              På Rådets vegne
                                                              Formand
                                                      #<T
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                  BILAG 3
                      Erklæring fra Det Europæiske Atomenergifællesskab
                    i henhold til bestemmelserne i artikel 30, stk. 4, nr. iii,
                             i konventionen om nuklear sikkerhed
Følgende stater er for øjeblikket medlemmer af Det Europæiske Atomenergifællesskab:
Belgien, Danmark, Tyskland, Grækenland, Spanien, Frankrig, Irland, Italien, Luxembourg,
Nederlandene, Portugal og Del Forenede Kongerige.
Fællesskabet erklærer, at følgende artikler i konventionen finder anvendelse på det: artikel
1-5, artikel 7, artikel 14-35.
Fællesskabet har beføjelser inden for de områder, der er omfattet af artikel 1-5, artikel
7 og artikel 14-19, som fastsat i traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske
Atomenergifællesskab og i de fællesskabsretsakter, der er angivet nedenfor.
I fremtiden kan det meget vel tænkes, at Fællesskabet overtager yderligere
ansvarsområder gennem vedtagelse af mere specifik lovgivning vedrørende det område,
der er omfattet af konventionen.
                                                 90o
 ---pagebreak--- LISTE OVER FAELLESSKABETS LOVGIVNING
  Rådets direktiv 80/836/Euratom af 15. Juli 1980 om cndrlng af
  direktiverne om fastscttelse af de grundliggende norner for beskyttelse
  af befolkningens og arbejdstagernes sundhed mod de farer, der er
  forbundet «ed Ioniserende stråling (EFT nr. L 246 af 17.9.1980. s. 1).
  Rådets direktiv 84/467/Euratom af 3. september 1984 om andring af
  direktiv   80/836/Euratom  for sé vidt      angår  fastscttelse af de
  grundlcggende normer for beskyttelse af befolkningens og arbejdstagernes
  sundhed mod de farer, der er forbundet med Ioniserende stråling (EFT nr.
  L 265 af 5.10.1984. s. 4).
 Rådets beslutning 67/600/Buratom af 14. december 1987 om en
 fallasskabsordning for hurtig udveksling af information i
 tilfalde ef strålingsfare (BFT nr. L 371, 30.12.1987, s. 76).
 Rådet« direktiv 89/618/Buratom af 27. november 1989 om
 oplysning af befolkningen om. hvorledes den skel forholde sig,
 •amt om sundhedsmæssige foranstaltninger 1 tilfalde af
 strålingsfare (BFT nr. L 357 ef 7.12.1989, s. 31).
 RAdets direktiv 90/64l/Buretom af 4. december 1990 om
 strålebeskyttelse af eksterne arbejdstagere, der udsattes for
 risici for ioniserende stråling under deres arbejde i et
 kontrolleret område (BFT nr. L 349 af 13.12. 1990, s. 21).
 Rådets direktiv 92/3/Buratom af 3. februar 1992 om overvågning
 af og kontrol med overførsel ef radioaktivt affald mellem
 medlemsstaterne samt ind i og ud af Pallesskabet (BFT nr. L
  35, 12.2.1992).
 Rådets forordning 87/3954/Buratom af 22. december 1987 om
  featsattelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for
  redioektivitet i levnedsmidler og foder som følge af nukleare
 ulykker eller andre tilfalde af strålingsfare (BFT nr. L 371,
  30.12.19S7, s. 11) .
 Kommissionens forordning 89/944/Buratom af 12. april 1989 om
 featsattelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for
 radioaktivitet i mindre vigtige levnedsmidler som felge af
 nukleare ulykker eller andre tilfalde af strålingsfare (BFT nr.
 L 101. 13.4.1989. S. 17).
 Rådets forordning 89/2218/Buratom ef 18. juli 1989 om andring
 af forordning (Buratom) nr. 3954/87 om faatsactelse af de
 maksimalt tilladte niveauer for radioaktivitet i levnedsmidler
 og foder efter nukleare ulykker eller andre tilfclde af
 strålingsfare (BFT nr. L 211, 22.7.1989. s. 1 ) .
 Rådets forordning 89/2219/BØF af 18. juli 1989 om sarlige
 betingelser for udførsel af levnedsmidler og foder efter
 nukleare ulykker eller i andre tilfalde af strålingsfare (EFT
 nr. L 211, 22.7.1989, s.4).
 Rådets forordning 90/737/BØP af 22. marts 1990 om betingelser
 for indførsel af landbrugsprodukter med oprindelse i
 tredjelande som følge af ulykken på kemekraftvarket i
 Tjernobyl (EPT nr. L 82 af 29.3.1990, s. 1 ) .
 Kommissionens forordning 90/770/Buratom af 29. marts 1990 om
 featsattelse af de maksimalt tilladte niveauer for
 radioaktivitet i foder som følge af nukleare ulykker eller
 andre tilfalde af strålingsfare (BFT nr. L 83, 30.3.1990, s.
 78).
 Rådets forordning 1493/93/Buratom af 8. juni 1993 om overførsel
 af radioaktive stoffer mellem medlemsstaterne (BFT nr. L 148,
 19.6.1993. S. 1 ) .
 Kommissionens forordning 1S18/93/BØP af 21. juni 1993 (til
 erstatning for Kommissionens forordning 92/598/BøF af 9. marts
 1992) om fastscttelse af en fortegneise over produkter, der
 undtagea fra Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 737/90 om betingelser
 for indførsel af landbrugsprodukter med oprindelse i
 tredjelande som følge af ulykken på kemekraftvarket i
 Tjernobyl (BFT nr. L 150, 22.6.1990. S. 30).
 Rådets direktiv 85/337/BØP om vurdering af visse offentlige og
 privete projekters indvirkning på miljøet (BFT nr. h 175,
 5.7.1985, S. 40)
                            ly.
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