CELEX: 51980PC0343
Language: en
Date: 1980-06-24
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ADOPTING A SECTORAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CLIMATOLOGY) (indirect and concerted actions) 1981 - 1985 (presented by the Commission to the Council)

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COM (80) 343
Vol. 1980/0124
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 ---pagebreak---  COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                   COM(80)343 final
                                                   Brussels / 24th June 1980 \
                          PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION
              ADOPTING A SECTORAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
                              ;
                             IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT
                   ( ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND CLIMATOLOGY )
                          ( indirect and concerted actions )
                                     1981 - 1985
                   (presented by the Commission to the Council )
COM ( 80 ) 343 final
 ---pagebreak---                               TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                     page
A.   Introduction                                      1
B.   Justification and aims
C.   Programme contents
I.   Environment
     Research area 1 : Sources , pathways and         9
     effects of pollutants                  •
     Research area 2 : Techniques aimed at the       15
     reduction and prevention of pollution
     Research area 3 : Protection , conservation     17
     and management of the natural environment
     Research area 4 : Environmental information     18
     management
     Research area 5 : Overall man-environment "     20
     interaction
II . Climatology                                     21
D.   Structure , implementation and management of    22
     the programme                             >
E.   Ways and means                                  25
Annex I : Environmental protection subprogramme      26       T t.
research areas and topics , distribution of .
work anong indirect and concerted actions ,      ,
and links with other programmes
Annex II : Draft Decision                          Γ 32
Annex III : Financial Data                         < 47
                                                         v.
                                                         ■ Ir
                                                                   t
                                  η
 ---pagebreak---                                      1-
A.      INTRODUCTION
                                                                           « -
The present proposal deals with a new R S D programme . in the field of en­
vironment ( environmental protection and climatology), a sector recognized as
                             !
of priority interest in the conclusions of the 619th meeting of the Council
on 20 December 1979 ( Doc . 4230/ 80 / RECH.1 ) . The Council / while recommending
the concentration of Community R&D programmes and the examination of the
possibility of setting Community indirect and concerted action programmes
in the context of an * appropriate mult i annua I framework programme, suggested to
rationalize structures for the preparation, examination and implementation
of Community R&D programmes .
In line with these recommendations the Commission has prepared the present
proposal in which an attempt is made to group several concerted and indirect
research actions pertaining broadly to the field of environment .
The following R&D actions were on hand at the end of 1979 ( in addition to
the direct action ) :
- second R&D programme in1 the field of environment ( indirect action )
    ( 1976-1980 ), revised on 9 October 1979
- Community concerted action on the treatment and utilization of sewage
    sludge and Community-COST concertation agreement ( COST 68bis ), ( 27
                                           2)
    September 1977-26 September 1980 ) ;
- Community concerted action on the analysis of organic micropollutants in
    water and Community-COST concertation agreement ( COST 64b bis ) ( November
    1978-October 1982 ) ; 3)
- Community concerted action on the physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric
    pollutants , and Community-COST concertation agreement ( COST 61a bis )
                                      4)
    ( November 1978-October 1982 ) ;
- COST action on marine benthic ecosystems with Community participation ( COST 47 )
    ( April 1979 - April 1984) ; 5 )                                                 •
- research programme in the field of climatology ( indirect action) ( 1980-1984) ;^
( 1 ) O.J. L 74, 20.3.76                                ( 4) 0.J , L 311,4.11.78
       O.J. L 258,13.10.79                                    O.J. L 39, 15.2.80
( 2 ) O.J. L 267,19.10.77                               ( 5 ) Q.J.
       O.J. L 72, 23.3.79                               (6) 0.J . L* *12*. "iVVl .80
 ( 3) O.J. L 311 , 4.11.78
       O.J. L 39 , 15.2.80 .
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 2 -
 The attached draft decision for a R & D programme in the field of environ­
 ment would group the indirect and concerted actions into two subprogrammes i
 1)"Environmental protection "
 2)"Climatology "
 Here , only the subprogramme"feovi ronmental protection"is discussed in detail ,
 in terms of motivation and contents.' It is the follow-up of . the on-going
 indirect action , augmented with the 3 concerted actions usually referred to
as COST 61a bis , 68 b bis and 68 bis .                                                      ^
The subprogramme"Climatology " to be integrated into this new sectoral " research
programme , was described in document COM (^8 ) 408 fin .
        ^                   -                                 .
The subprogramme' Environmental protection"together with the direct action
                             1)
programme ( 1980-1983 )           with which it is closely related , is aimed mainly at
providing a scientific and technical support to the environmental policy of
the E.C. and its action programmes .                                         *                      '
                                                                  2)
 This policy has evolved since its inception in 1973                 to adapt to a
 continuously changing situation with a resulting shift in priorities , and So
 has the R&D          programme , as shown ,          by the recent revision (9 October
 1979 ) of the second indirect action research programme .
 Thus , while initially the emphasis was placed almost exclusively on pol -                        •
 lution , its measure , its Effects and its abatement , more importance is                         j
                                                                                                   I
 now granted to the prevention of              pollution through the adoption of                   j
 " clean"technologies , i.e. which pollute less , produce less waste and
 consume less natural resources . In addition , greater concern is given                           •
 to the management of waste , ^ including toxic waste , and to resource
 recovery from waste in order to effect savings in energy and raw materials
 as well as to alleviate disposal problems .
 More attention is also directed to the conservation and protection of
 the rural environment , to wildlife conservation and to the improvement
 of the way or " quality" of life , which is influenced by the integrated
 effect of a whole series of environmental variables and not only pollution , j
   (1 ) 0.J-. L ,7.2 , 18.3.80
  (2)   O.J. C 112 , 20.12.73 , and C 139 , 13.6.77                                              J
                                !  -                          ,                    ■  '    - ■
                                      i           ■, ,•.   ......        :  . .... ..   •.     •
 ---pagebreak---    With regard to pollution proper , mucfu'research remains to be done on such
  pollutants of early concern as , for instance , lead or cadmium but there is
  an increasing preoccupation with the health effects of chronic exposure
  to organic micropollutants , with the problems caused by diffuse sources
  of pollution , or with the " invisible " effects of air pollution on                 ;
  economic plants . Safety    evaluation of new and old chemicals released
  in the environment has come to the fore , so have the hazards of
  accidental contaminations either from industrial plants CSeveso ) or from oil
  tankers ( Amoco-Cadiz ) . Last but not least , increased carbon dioxide in .
  the atmosphere has emerged as a major , global pollution problem .
                            I .
  New R&D programmes of the E.C. must take all this into consideration as
. they include short-term applied research , as well as strategic research
  for the mid- to long term environmental problems .
  The previous environmental fesearch programmes , including direct , indirect
  and concerted actions have yielded valuable results which have been published
  in the open scientific literature Cover 500 papers ) and in summary reports **
                                                         ■        ■    ' x               .    i.
  Numerous projects have been implemented in laboratories of the member''
                                                                                              ι -
  countries and the results obtained have contributed to the attainment
  of the main objective of the programmes . This main objective as already
  mentioned , is to provide a scientific and technical basis for the
  Community policy on the environment while the specific aims of each
  research project correspond to those indicated by the research areas
  of the programmes which were : to establish the relationship between                       !
  exposure and effects ( criteria ) for pollutants and nuisances ; to manage                 j
  environmental information ; to reduce and prevent pollution and nuisances ;
  to protect and improve the natural environment .
                                                                    .•                     ' i
  Thus a    wide range of problems were addressed such as the health effects
  of atmospheric pollutants , heavy metals and of noise , screening tests for
  genetic and ecological effects of chemicals , a pilot data bank on-environ-
  mental chemicals ( ECDIN ), the analysis of organic {ni cropol lutants , the
  remote sensing of atmospheric pollutants and their physi co-chemistry , stra­
  tospheric ozone chemistry , the utilisation of sewage sludge , effluent treat­
  ment , marine pollution , the management of natural areas , etc ...
  * Series Environment and Quality of Life , EUR-5970 , 1978 ; EUR-6388 , 1980 ,
    Office for Official Publications of the EC A B.P. 1003 Luxembourg . See also
    EUR-6415 and reports on COST projects : EUC0 / SP / 48 / 75 , EUCO / MDU / 74 / 76 and
    EUC0 / S0p / 69 /77
 ---pagebreak---                                     - L -
Some examples of achievements of the previous programmes are listed'
randomly hereafter i
- the relative importance of leaded petrol with regard to lead environmental
  contamination and lead body burden has beert quantified
- psychological tests performed on lead-exposed workers have revealed me­
  mory , concentration ability and psychomotor functions significantly
  impaired and it was shown in experimental animals that learning per­
  formances remain affected even after interruption of lead-feeding
- a list of over 1500 potentially toxic organic chemicals identified
  in surface waters and other media in the Community has been established
  and is constantly updated
- the methodology for screening the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential
  of synthetic organic chemicals has been considerably enriched and . improved
  through the joint effort of the main qualified national laboratories
  using most genetic systems available ( microorganisms , insects , cultured
                                                                                 i
  human cells , etc ...)         ,                                               '
- equipment for the remote sensing of air pollution and of micco-
  meteorologi cal parameters , developed partly under the programme ,
  has been tested in field campaigns around large fossil-fuel power
  plants , in France , Italy and the United Kingdom.' European teams
  of specialists have compared , in the course of these campaigns ,
  their techniques for dispersion studies and modelling
- modifications of sleep pattern and psychological performance have been
  demonstrated in persons living in noisy areas                            ■ ;
- some indices of morbidity and mortality were found to be correlated
  with water quality parameters in five member countries
- new tests systems using , for instance , sewage bacteria and marine
  molluscs have been developed for testing the ecological effects
  of inorganic and organic pollutants in the freshwater and marine „           !
  envi ronment
- methods for monitoriryg microbiological pollution of water have been
  improved                                                                    I
                                                                             i
- the interaction between various air pollutants ( sulfur and nitrogen       •
  oxides , ozone ) in their effects on crop , plants was shown to be a
  major factor to consider when setting limit values for air quality
- the relative importance of various mechanisms for the photochemical
  oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere has been elucidated
 ---pagebreak---                                             t
                                      - 5 -
 - important data sets on the ecological effects of chemicals have been
    collected for inputting into the pilot data bank on environmental
    chemicals ( ECDIN )
- the decline in seal population of the Dutch Wadden Sea       was shown to
    be correlated to polychlorinated biphenyls pollution
- a common methodology for the analysis of heavy metals in sewage sludge
    has been elaborated and 'ca librated by a number of intercomparison
    tests
- a common methodology for the execution of field studies and pot trials
    for the assessment of the favourable and unfavourable effects of sludge
    application to agricultural land has been developed ; an assessment
    of the availability of nitrogen in sewage sludge with regard to its
    fertilizing value has been made .
The results from the second phase of the second programme which are not yet
available are expected to confirm some of the results obtained so far
and to give usefut information on problems which were not tackled
before , for example in the areas of clean technologies / oil spill
 clean up and bird protection .
Of equal interest to the acquisition of results are the achievements of
the programmes in the promotion of cooperation among EC environmental
 scientists - in the Member States and at the Joint Research Centre through
 joint projects , contact groups and research seminars . The close relation­
 ship between the Advisory Committee on Programme Management and Commission-
 officias which was evolved over the years has proved fruitful . The process of
 coordination of national and Community research activities in the environ­
mental field has been initiated and is progressing satisfactorily .
The preparation of the present proposal was greatly helped by the 1979
 CREST-conf rontation exercise which yielded useful recommendations (*).
 The present programme proposal has evolved from the first two indirect
 action programme , taking into account new research requirements originating
 from the results of research already carried out as well as from current
 trends in the environmental policy of the E.C. and of the Member States . It
 includes the four research areas already comprised in the second programme
but with some internal shifts of emphasis and the addition of new topics
 plus a new fifth area on the methodological approach to the investigation
 of overall man-environment interactions .
(*> Doc . CREST 1233 of 10 May 1979 .
 ---pagebreak--- B.       JUSTIFICATION AND AIMS
The environmental protection research -subprogramme has three major aims :
1)     its basic aim is to provide scientific and technical data to
      support the programme of action on the environment initially adopted
      by the Council in 1973 and renewed in . 1977 for a 5 year-period . This
     action programme ( O.J. C 139 of 13.6.77 ) is mainly concerned with
      the reduction of pollution and nuisance ( title II ), and the
      non-damaging use and National management of land^the environment
      and natural resources ( title III ).
   < The action programme has produced at the date of 1 July 1979
     directives , resolutions or other acts , of which 50 have been
      adopted by the Council so far .     A substantial research effort is
      required to facilitate the implementation and to assess the enforce­
     ment of several of these , such as the following :
a)    the Council Directive of 4 May 1976 on pollution caused by certain
     dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the
      Community     ( O.J. L 129 of 18.5.76 )
b)   the Council Directive on Bird Protection of 2 April 1979
     ( O.J. L 103 of 25.4.79 )
c)   the Council Directive of '18 September 1979 amending for the 6th time
     the Directive of June 1967 on dangerous substances        ( O.J. L 259 of
       15.10.79 )              .
d)   the Council Resolution of 26 June 1978 setting up an action
     programme of the European Communities on the control and reduction
     of pollution caused by hydrocarbons discharged at sea         ( O.J. C 612
     of 8.7.78 )
                                                     /
e)   the Council Resolution of 30 May 1978 on        chlorof luorocarbons in the
     environment ( O.J. C 133 of 7.6.78 )
f)   the Proposal of 14 May 1979 for a Council Decision on chlorof luoro-
      carbons reduction in the environment ( COM ( 79 ) 242 Final ).
 ---pagebreak---                                        7
g)   The Council Resolution of 3 March 1975 on energy and the environment
    ( O.J. C 168 Of 25.7.75 )
h)  the Council Directive of 19 june 1979 on the protection of ground­
    water against pollution caused by certain dangerous substances .
     ( O.J. L 20 , 26 . January 1980 )
2)  The research programme must also address less immediate problems
    and prepare the way for policies to be enacted in the medium - to
     long term , taking account of foreseeable environmental trends . It
    should provide , as well , the means to evaluate the consequences for
    the environment of current policies aimed at protecting it .
3)  Last but not least the environmental research programme is also an
    instrument to further the coordination at Community level of national
    research activities in the environmental field in order to improve
    the productivity of the overall effort through the encouragement of
    joint projects , the elimination of useless duplication   as well as
   of gaps in research coverage .
   In this respect it should be noted that while the Community 's financial
   contribution for environmental research constitutes but a small
   percentage of the aggregate funding in the Member States ( estimated
   at 178 MEUA for the year 1978*) its action results in the effective
    coordination of a sizeable part of the overall effort .
 * Doc . CREST   n° 1245 / 79
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 8 -
    The present programme will be carried out in close coordination
   with other research programmes of the E.C. which include an
   environmental component . These are :
                                                                       1)
   - the parts of the Joint Research Centre programme ( 1980-1983 )
      " Protection of the Envi ronment "and"Remote Sensing from Space " in
      particular the following projects :
                           - ECDIN
                            ι
                           - exposure to chemicals , particularly indoor pollution
                              and organic compounds
                           - air . quality
                           - water quality
                           - heavy metals and health effects
                           - environmental impact of conventional power plants
                           - remote sensing : protection of the sea
   - the R&D programme on recycling of urban and industrial waste
       ( 1979-82 )
   - the R&D programme on recycling of paper and board ( 1978-1981 )
                                                            4)
   - the Agricultural research programme ( 1979-1983 )
       in particular its Part A : Socio-structural objectives
                           - land use and rural „ resources
                           - effluents and wastes from agriculture
   - the European Steel and Coal Community research projects in particular
      those concerned with environment problems in the steel industry .
   Problems of radioactive contamination of the environment are addressed
   in two research programmes under the Euratom treaties :
                                                                   6)
                           - Biology-health protection ( 1980-84 )
                           - Radioactive waste management and storage ( 1980-80
1)  O.J. L 72 , 18.3.80
2)  O.J. L 293 , 20.11.79
3)  O.J. I , 107,21.4.78
4)  O.J. L . 316,10.11.78
5)  O . J. c - 147 , 13.6.79
6)  O.J. L      78,25.3.80
7)  O.J. L 78 ,       25.3.80
 ---pagebreak---   C.         PROGRAMME CONTENTS
  I.         Environmental protection
 The subprogramme on environmental protection      covers five research
 areas    :
                                                                        \
 1 ) Research aimed at understanding the overall behaviour of pollutants
      in the environment i.e. at investigating sources and pathways in
     the environment ,, metabolism in living organisms and effects on
     human health and on all components of ecosystems , following short
     and long term exposures . This research will lead to the establishment
     of criteria ( exposure-effects relationships )
2 ) Research and development on the reduction and prevention of
     pollution and nuisances , with emphasis on
     " clean" technologies ( less pollution and wastes , smaller consumtion
     of energy and resources ) in selected industrial branches in
     relation to the priorities of the action programme
3 ) Research on the protection , conservation and management of the
                                                      r
     natural environment, including studies on ecosystems and biogeochemica
     cycles
4 ) Research and development on environmental information management
5 ) Complex interactive systems : man-environment interactions , methodolo­
     gical approach
These five research areas are subdivided into a number of topics and sub
topics ; the classification is somewhat arbitrary , other equally logical
schemes might be used .
RESEARCH AREA 1 : SOURCES , PATHWAYS AND EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
Beyond the establishment of criteria ( exposure-effect relationships ),
 the scope of this part of the programme is broader , it     includes
 research on the whole succession of phenomena associated with pollutants
various sources thereof and their relative importance , pathways in the
 ---pagebreak---                                                              10 -
  environment , effects on man and on the environment following short and long
  term exposure and methodology of predicting these effects by simple and rapid
  tests , such as for carcinogenic and mutagenic effects .
   Particular attention witl be paid to the evaluation of potential risks
   either to human health or to the environment assessing the significance
  of factors ( duration of exposure , interaction , age , health status ...)
  which may modify the metabolism and toxicity of pollutants . Surveys of
  populations at risk will be particularly useful in this respect .
  1.1 .      Heavy metals                     '         .
             The metals to be studied will be mainly those which are given
             priority in the E.C. Action Programme on the Environment such
             as Pb , Cd , Hg , Cr , V, As , Tt* Exposure through air , water , soil
             and food is considered . ..
                                                                                                               t
             The research needs identified at the Seminar Trace Metals
             exposure and . health effects " held at Gui ldford ( UK ) in July 1978
             ( Proceedings : EUR-6389 , . Pergamon Press , 1979 ) will be taken Into
             consideration keeping in^mind that the Community concern for
             metals is related       -
                                           to all , ..·:··
                                         Ε,Ί ( ι
                                                       types of environmental exposure
                                                                                    . -
                                                                                           .
       - the Eurcpisr» Steci i.rtU coal - v. v                              . ■' -Hi ' i .   r • "! • : uiar ,
  1.1.1   ., sources and exposures ( improvement of the reliability -^sustryr.
       . those f^ncernea vn tn emn ron^- 4.
                                                                                        of. anaty^ n .-      <
             tical methods )           .                                                     >
  1.1^£ ?b ^ât'è ârtd r^^ Râ5yl vfn £Ré Environment ( inctuding modelHfig)'r' ;                            1
       in t.vO - prearch proa ranges un - .                                   :■
  1.1.3 . ecological effects         - ~ν:
                                            .    ο«·»γ-
  1.1.4 . metabolism and heafctjh ^effects ( interaction " nd synergism.,                           . >
             chronobiology , early biological indicators , groups at risk in
             the population , specifically exposed persons , toxic
             action at cellular level ).
  NB .    Heavy metals are also included in topic 1.4 ( air cfuality ), topic 1.5 .
1)      0                                     anC' t0P'' c        ^ rlne enviroriental quauty ).
?)      O.J. L 293 , 20.11 .;
3)      O.J . L    107,21        . 78                                                             -
'»)     O.J. 1.    z-ic , I :\ . ' .                       •
5)      O. j .  -  •  -     ••
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 11 -
1.2 .     New chemicals and organic micropol lutants
          Research under this topic is closely linked to Community directives
          implemented or in preparation relating to toxic and dangerous
          substances in the environment as well as in foodstuffs .
         These regulatory activities require a consolidated methodology
          for the toxicological and ecotoxicological assessment of organic
         substances , in particular the development , evaluation and im­
         provement of screening methods , ( cf . Report of the European Parlia­
         ment PE 54100 on hearing held on 22-23 May 1978 on environmental
         carcinogens ). Furthermore , knowledge has to be acquired and con­
         solidated on pathways and fates in the environment of important
         organic pollutants , and of their effects on human health and on
         various targets other than man , including ecosystems .
1.2.1 . Concerted action on " Analysis of organic micropollutants in
         water " ( follow-up of COST 64b) to be extended at least until
         the end of     1983 .
1.2.2 . Fate and pathways , including biodegradation , in the environment
         and in food      chains .
1.2.3 . Ecological effects .
1.2.4 . Metabolism and short and long term health effects ( in particular
       . carcinogenic , mutagenic and immunologic effects )/ including structure
         function relationships .
1.2.5 . Development of screening methodology for chronic and long term
         effects ,
NB .  Organic micropollutants are also included in topics 1.5 . and 1.7 .
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 12 -
                        /
1.3 .     Asbestos and other fibrous materials
          Public concern about the risks to human health from asbestos
          and other fibrous material is continuously increasing ( cf . European
          Parliament Resolution on health hazards of asbestos
          of 9.1.78 ) .
        A substantial research effort is needed aiming, in particular , at the
          improvement of detection and measurement of asbestos and the
          assessment of health effects for low concentrations .     The
          research proposed will also include the study of health effects
          of potential replacement products for asbestos .
1.3.1 .   Improvement of detection in air , water , biological and other
          materials .
1.3.2 .   Health effects ( including epidemiological surveys)' of asbestos •
          and potential replacement products .
1.4 .     Air quality
          While topics 1.1 . to 1.3 . are concerned with specific classes
          of pollutants in the environment , this topic addresses the
          general problems of pollution of one medium ( the atmosphere )
          by gases , liquids and particulate matter ..   This is a comple­
          mentary approach , focussing on problems common to many
          pollutants in air , depending on their physical form and on the
          reactions which can occur between them .     Such research includes
          detection methods and their use in studying dispersion from
          various sources , the physico-chemical behaviour of pollutants ,
          and their effects singularly or in combination on human health ,
          on vegetation , and ecosystems .
          The pollutants of main concern in this topic are sulphur
          compounds , nitrogen oxides , photochemical oxidants and
          suspended particulates .   The physicochemical reactions between
          these different pollutants are the subjett of a concerted
          action   decided by the Council on 1978 for a 4-year period
          and integrated in the present- programme proposal .
          With regard to effects on plants , emphasis should be given to
 ---pagebreak--- experimental field determination of the effects of ambient loads of
pollutants on plant growth , including yield of economically important
plants .                                                         -
1.4.1 .  Remote sensing techniques for air pollution measurements
         ( combined with other techniques ).                         •
1.4.2 .  Dispersion and transport of air pollution ( including modelling ).
1.4.3 .  Concerted action on "physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric
         pollutants" (follow-up of COST 61a )/ to be     extended at least unt
          the end of 1983
1.4.4 .  Health effects including epidemiological surveys .
1.4.5 .  Effects on plants and ecosystems .                   '
1.5 . -  Freshwater quality ( surface and ground waters )
         As for air quality , this topic includes research on general
         problems of pollution in inland water ecosystems considering
         the total sum of pollutants which can be found , epidemiological
         surveys on the health of selected population groups in relation
         to drinking water quality and characterization of water quality .
         This research topic is also linked to topic 1.2 .      and especially
         to the concerted action on "Analysis of organic micropollutants
         in water".     . ■                                                  /
         There-are several EC directives or draft directives related to
         the quality of waters for different use     ( drinking water ,
         ground water , bathing water , water for shellfish and fishlife )
         which are raising research requirements covered under this
         topi c .
1.5.1 .  Improvement of water quality assessment ( chemical parameters
         and bioindicators ) .                ,,       .
1.5.2 .  Typology of inland waters .
1.5.3 .  Ground water pollution ; sources , transport , consequences .
1.5.4 .  Health effects of drinking water , including epidemiological
         surveys following or completing the surveys carried out during
         the 2nd Environmental Research Programme on the relationship
 ---pagebreak---                                    ■-> 14
         between water quality and hea^tfe parameters .
1.5.5 .  Effects on animals and plants .
1.5.6 .  Microbiological pollution .
         See also 1.2.1 . and 1.2.5 .
1.6 .    Waste heat                                                            -
         In view of the large amount of on-going national research on this
         topic carried out mainly by the electricity utilities , the major
          contribution might be in coordination activities including some
          cost-sharing contracts .
1.7 .    Marine environmental quality
         This topic deals        with various aspects of organic and heavy
         metal pollution of the seas and estuaries .
         Special emphasis will be placed on hydrocarbon pollution in view
         of the recent accidents and threats to coastal waters , and the
         relevant Council Resolution of 26 June 1978 . (*)
         Links will be ensured with other international programmes , such
         as the UNEP Mediterranean programme . A concerted action ( COST 47) /0n
         baseline coastal ecosystem studies , is also related to this broad
         topic .
1.7.1 .  Development of methodology for monitoring marine water quality
         including remote sensing techniques .                               *
1.7.2 .  Research in situ and under controlled conditions on th § fate and
         effects of pollutants ( excluding hydrocarbons ).
1.7.3 .  Fate and effects of hydrocarbons particularly in relation to
         exploitable resources ,taking a whole ecosystem approach .
1.7.4 .  Pathobiology of marine organisms in relation to pollution .
1.7.5 .  Base-line studies of coastal benthic ecosystems ( particularly    v
         relating to COST project 47 ).
1.8 .  ' Noise pollution
         With regard to this topic , the second programme concentrated on
         the effects of noise on sleep and psychological perfor­
         mance . From the results obtained as well as from other data presented
(*) O.J. C 612 , 8.7.78 ,
                         t
 ---pagebreak---                                    - '»5 -
 recently ( 3rd International Congress on Noise as a public health
 problem , Freiburg 1978) it becomes necessary to study long term
 health effects which would include epidemiological surveys and
 interactions of poise with other pollutants . Physiological and
 psychological effects of particular types of sounds ( e.g. impulsive
 sounds of very short duration ) should also be examined to assess if
 special standards are necessary , or if they can be considered jointly
with other n6i§e types on the basis of energy equivalence .
 1.8.1 .   Health effects ( especially on the cardiovascular system) of
           long term noise exposure , including epidemiological surveys
           and noise personal dosimetry .
1.8 . 2.'  Interactions of noise and other nuisances ( e.g. vibrations )
           on health .
1.8.3 .    Effects of particular types of sounds , including impulsive
           sounds , infrasounds and vibrations , ultra-sounds-
RESEARCH AREA 2 TECHNIQUES AIMED AT THE REDUCTION AND PREVENTION OF
                    POLLUTION
This broad field is concerned with pollution abatement or prevention.
At the Environment Council meeting of 9 April 1979, the importance of v '
less polluting production processes and reusing of wastes was emphasised .
The Council asked the Commission to submit proposals for encouraging
research in this field .
Other on-going research programmes are closely linked to this area
( e.g. indirect action in the field of paper and board recycling , the
concerted action on sewage sludge treatment and utilisation, R&D
programme and demonstration projects in energy savings). So is the
R 8 D programme in the field of recycling of urban and industrial
waste recently adopted by the Council ( O.J. L" 293 of 20.11.79), because of
the obvious environmental benefits of actions aimed at resource recovery
from wastes
             0
Under this research area attempts should be made to select economically
 sound techniques as welt as     new products
          and to develop technologies and processes to the pilot stage
 or to produce new chemicals which could reduce and/ or prevent pollution .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 16 -
Research would also be concerned with the development of clean-up
techniques in case of accidental release of huge amounts of pollutants
( e.g. oil spills at sea ).
2.1 .   Concerted action on treatment and use of sewage sludges
        ( follow-up of COST 68bis ) . to be extended at least until the
       end of 1983 .
2.2 .  Pollution abatement in air , water and soi I and noise reduction
       This topic is aimed at. developing up to the pilot stage advance
       techniques for reducing the pollution of present industrial processes
       and other sources of pollution . Also development of new products
       reducing the' pollution in discharges would be considered .
2.3 .   " Clean technologies "              • "   ~
       A special effort will be made in line with the declaration of
       the Environmental Council of 9 . April 1979 which     .
        urged the Commission to develop its research activities and to
       disseminate technical information in this sector .      These new
        technologies attiempt either to avoid producing a particular type
       of pollution or to reduce significantly the energy and materials
        consumed as well as the amount of waste produced .     The research
       would be limited to feasibility or pilot stage development in
        selected   processes and industrial branches , to be identified on   4
       the basis of the priorities of the Action Programmes .
2.4 .   Consequences of waste management plans
       This deals with the consequences for the environment of different
       ways of disposing of waste including pollution of soil , of
       groundwater           and modification of the landscape ( note   that
       the problems of organic wastes from livestock breeding are
        covered in the agricultural research programme .)
2.5 .  Clean-up techniques for hydrocarbon pollution       >
                            ι                   .
       These are mainly concerned with chemical dispersion of spilt oil
       or mechanical recovery from surface waters after accidental
       release , as for instance in off-shore drilling or wreckage of large
 ---pagebreak---  tankers . Bacterial degradation of oil should also be considered . This
 topic is linked to topic 1.7.3 . ( fate and effects of hydrocarbon
 pollution ). R S D in this topic is recommended by the Council Resolution
 of 26 June 1978 , mentioned on page 14 .         *
 2.6 .   Impact of new technologies
        Environmental consequences of new technologies should be considered
        as early as possible to foresee necessary modifications at the
        pilot stage , rather than after full development . This topic is
        related to topic 2.3 .    .
              \
RESEARCH AREA 3    PROTECTION , CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
                   NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
This research area is concerned mainly with natural ecosystems as well
as with the global effects of man-caused disturbances of the environment .
In this content , the problems posed by particularly fragile or threatened
regions ( soils and slopes subject to erosion , forests , protected zones ,
etc .) should be considered . One should be able to evaluate the risks
involved in their further deterioration as well as the possibilities of
their restoration . The effects of modern agricultural management on
ecosystems and the ways to prevent their deleterious consequences are
included in this research area . Research on the protection of birds
belongs to this area .
3.1 .   Ecosystems studies
        It is necessary to develop oriented basic research on the structure ,
        functioning and development of ecosystems to better predict the
        consequences of anthropogenic influences , including those of modern
        agriculture . The population ecology of threatened or vulnerable
        species would be included .
3.2 .   Biogeochemical cycles
        The study of biogeochemical cycles ( carbon , oxygen and ozone ,
        sulphur , nitrogen , phosphorus , metals , etc ...) is essential to our
        understanding of the environment , especially for a more precise
         assessment of pollution levels , transport , accumulation and sinks .
 ---pagebreak---                                            - 18 -
      Of particular importance is the carbon cycle , in view of the problems ,
      raised by carbon dioxide accumulation within the atmosphere , due to
      fossil-fuel burning and deforestation . This is linked to the research
      programme on climatology , which considers also possible climate changes
      resulting from carbon dioxide accumulation and their impact .
      3.3 . Conservation of ecosystems
      This is   related . to topic 3.1 . extending the research to the de­
      velopment of management practices for the conservation of wild ^
      species and ecosystems on a sound scientific basis .
      3.4 . Protection of bird species .                      ;
      The Council Directive on 1979 on Bird Protection mentioned earlier       '
      prescribes a coordination of research on this topic . It will be
      concerned with population dynamics , habitat surveys and preservation .
      3.5 . Reclamation of damaged ecosystems
      Studies should be undertaken to find ways of restoring those areas
      of man 's environment , including estuaries and coastal seas^damaged
      by activities such as mining /      toxic waste disposal and effluent
      discharges . Soil recovery including the use of low cost organic wastes
      should be envisaged .
  . •               '           /'
                               4            - • .
      RESEARCH AREA 4    ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
*     Although the emphasis should remain on ECDIKEnvi ronmental Chemicals
      Data and Information Network ) as an extension of the second programme , :
      this research area would be enlarged to other technical aspects of
      environmental information management , such as the evaluation of data
      prior to storage and the exploitation of the many environmental data
      bases in existence in the EC , for their use in the implementation of
      Community directives and other regulatory measures .
      Close cooperation will be maintained with the relevant activities of the
      Environment and Consumer Protection Service and those of the General
 ---pagebreak--- Directorate Scientific and Technical Information and Information
Management .
4.1 .  ECDIN ( Data Bank on chemical products potentially hazardous to
       the environment )
The data bank initiated as a pilot project at the JRC , Ispra , will be ma­
naged by the JRC as a system to fulfill the needs and requests of the
Commission in application of the Various directives and draft directives
concerning       chemicals released into the environment . This preoper-
ational phase still needs research and development essentially on soft­
ware and data validation , part of which will be carried out , as in the
past , under the indirect action programme .        .
4.2 .  Evaluation , selection and exploitation of data
This involves methodological research on the possible means to assess
the practical value of data , their relevance for the purposes of the
banks and for the users , and their possible application to a variety
of environment problems .   Close cooperation is needed between suppliers
and users of research results to improve ways by which these results
can be expressed , stored , interpreted and exploited by authorities
responsible for environmental protection .
4.3 .  Ecological cartography
As a back-up to the Action programme some research is still needed on
data acquisition , storage , display and utilization by decision makers ..
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 20 -
RESEARCH AREA 5   OVERALL MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS ; METHODOLOGICAL
                  APPROACH   1   •                *
This new research area deals with the methodology of investigation into
the overall interactions between man and his environment .
The answers to questions asked to research by decision-makers very often
require an integration of many sectorial research activities . The
weight of every factor varies as a function of scientific / technical ,
economical , social and political considerations .
While a sectorial approach may suffice to understand the elementary
mechanisms and to provide the basis for recommendations and standards
setting ,  a" integrated approach taking account of a large number of
components is needed to understand and assess the overall effects of man
on the environment and of the environment on man .
The sectorial methodology has much progressed during the last years ;
important mathematical tools have been developed which , at present ,
still need to be improved . On the other hand , the assessment of . the
overall consequences of muLtiple interactions requires the solution of
problems which are rather difficult from a methodological point . of view .
In a complex system , the study of the relationship between components
and the search for interface mechanisms is very important . The theoretical •
aspect of the problems can be developed only on the basis of real cases ,
i.e. theory and practice cannot be separated .
Thus , within this research area an attempt will be made to explain how
man , through his needs , demands ,, behaviour , work and leisure activities
affects , and is affected by , the environment *
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 21 -
Two main topics could be considered in a first phase :
- the effects on health ,( in the broad meaning of the word ) of both natural
   and man-caused environmental perturbations - research will deal with
   biometeorology , synergism between biological , physical , chemical ,
. psychological and psycho- socio- economic factors , risk perception ,   1
   evaluation of quality of life ( by means of epidemiological surveys )
- mid-and long-term overall consequences on the environment of modern
   agricultural practices , energy production , industrial activities ,
   transportation systems etc ...
It is planned to start work in this interdisciplinary area on a small ,
s«ale with one or more pilot projects .
II . Climatology
     The subprogramme on climatology is described in detail in
     COM (78 ) 408 fin .
 ---pagebreak---                                  -  22 -
D. STRUCTURE ,, IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROGRAMME
The grouping of a number of indirect and concerted actions in the
present programme has various implications with regard to its struc­
ture - management and implementation .
                         4                                                  ■
1 . STRUCTURE
The programme is subdivided into two subprogrammes : " Environment
Protection " and " Climatology ".
                                                            • '
A ) Environment Protection
    Research on the topics described in the preceding section will
    be carried out by means of indirect actions and concerted actions .    •
    The indirect action is the follow-up of the - second indirect action
     ( 1976-1980 ).
    The concerted actions at the outset of the programme will be those      r
    which were initiated earlier and which are the basis for the Com-
    munity-COST agreements :
    a ) physico-chemical behaviour of atlnospheric pollutants
         ( COST 61a bis )                                             (    ;
    b ) analysis of organic micropollutants in water ( COST 64b bis )
    c ) treatment and utilization of sewage sludge ( COST 68 bis )
    The programme decision includes these three actions which are
    extended to 31 December 1983 i.e. a 14-month extension for a )
            I -.                           i                        -
    and b ) and a 3:-year extension for c ).    It also provides for the
           4 r.
    .repeal as       of 1 January 1981 of the decisions which established
           4 r     ■                         i
    the Community concerted actions in 1978 (*).        The relevant Community-
    COST concertation agreements are unaffected by the new programme
           1 \               ·.'       ·
    décision .
          •i •                           •   -
    New concerted actions may be launched during the duration of the
    programme .                              -v       .
(*)0.J.L 311 of 4.11.78
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 23 -
B. C nmatology
    The on-going climatology programme ( indirect action ) initiated
    in 1980 (* ) is integrated in the present programme and the rele­
    vant decision would be    repealed .
2 . IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
    The rationalization and simplification of procedures which is the
    main aim of the present attempt at grouping R&D actions in the
    environment sector should also allow greater flexibility in imple­
    mentation and management of the programme .
    Thus it is foreseen that the Commission with the help and active
    participation of two Advisory Committees on Programme Management
    ( 1 - Environment Protection , 2 - Climatology ) will decide on the
    detailed implementation of the programme / in particular the dis­
    tribution of work among indirect and concerted actions / the
    launching of new concerted actions and to a certain extent / the
    transfer of funds within the programme ..
                                                       9
    With regard to indirect actions , in addition to the usual cost-
    sharing contracts ( 50-50% in principle )/ it is envisaged to
    stimulate the voluntary coordination of research funded at national
    levels on specific topics . This would be done through low level
    ( 5-10% of the total expenditure ) funding of projects which are
    part of national programmes .
    In order to avoid dispersion over what is a very broad subject-
    matter / the research proposals submitted for funding will be
    selected ( in addition to their merits on the basis of scientific
    quality / prospect of success , cost / etc .)/ in order to ensure also
    a concentration of effort on high priority topics so as to enable
    coordination / avoid unnecessary duplication as well as any gaps .
(OjO.J. l 12 of 17.1.80
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  - 24 -
  It is proposed that the sliding programme concept be applied to the present
  programme .            Thus the programme will be reviewed at the end of the third
  year . The review may lead to a new programme proposal based on the evaluation
  of results obtained and on an updated assessment of research needs . The new
  programme would then supersede the on-going programme at the end of its fourth
  year , in order to ensure greater continuity in the research effort and prevent
 any gap in funding the contractors .
            Scientific cooperation and coordination among the participants
            to the programme will be encouragedand facilitated by the proven
            techniques of contact groups and research seminars , the latter
            to be sponsored jointly by the Commission and the relevant
            authorities in a Member State .
            Provisions are made in the draft programme decision to extend the
            cooperation with non Member States .
, * .. v. v ?              ant !                       . i .- ftp ! < .-r .                   * • -1 \± ■:
                                                                                            -
        .              rci       . 'i..' .--/.. 1 ,. •*.! c
                '.or ;- v;              w!:*'     t-v
         . eavy mota tsr ar e r                                  - '
                                                                            ' - " .· ν·~· -
           fresh-water qoal ?
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 25 -
E. WAYS AND MEANS
1 . Funding
     Total funding required for the 1981-1985 period is estimated
     at 51 MEUA , subdivided as follows :
                       i
        Environment Protection
          - Indirect action         : 42 MEUA
            Tentative distribution
                  Research area   1    50 - 55%
                                 2    20-25%
                                 3     15 - 20%
                                 4      5-10%
                                 5           5%
          - Concerted actions       :   1 MEUA
        Climatology                 :   8 MEUA ( already budgeted )
    The amount requested takes into account the sizeable increase
    in scope of the environment protection subprogramme ( e.g. clean
    technologies , oil spills , natural environment ) as well as the ,
    increased costs of carrying out and managing research .
2 . Staff
    Staff requested for managing the programme is estimated at 18,
    i.e. 2 additional staff .
                                                           y
    At present - staff distribution is as follows :
           - indirect action environment          10
           - concerted actions                   t 3
                      . COST 61a bis
                      . COST 64b bis
                      . COST 68 bis
           - climatology                           3
    The 2 additional staff are requested in view of the competence
    necessary to cope with the new research topics proposed .
    It is also planned to trust the coordination of some scientific pro­
    jects to national experts ,.
 ---pagebreak---                                                     ANNEX .
RESEARCH AREAS AND TOPICS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SUBPROGRAMME : distribution of work among indirect and
concerted actions , links with other programmes .
 ---pagebreak---                                                 - 27 -
                                                                        ANNEX I
   Research area 1                  Sources , pathways and effects of pollutants
   Obj_e£t_i,ves : To study the whole behaviour of pollutants in the environment
   in order to provide the scientific basis for regulations and other measures
   to be decided at Community level ( criteria , standards , directives ,
   recommendations ...) for[ reducing health and ecological risks due to pollution
                                           4. .     .
                      I                                                         I Con­ Di rect
      Topics                          Subtopics                       Conc .    tract Action
                                                          . s
                                                                      action             ■( p. m .)
  1.1
  Heavy metals          -• sources and analysis                                       X   )
  1.2   ^               - fate and pathways' . v                                      X'  )    X
  Organic micro-        - ecological effects          ,                               X   )
  pollutants and        - health effects                                              X   )
  new chemicals         - analysis of org . micropol , in water'       . X
                           ( 1978-83 ) ( COST 64 bis )                                         χ
                                                                                  «•
  1.3
  Asbestos and          - detection and analysis'                                     X
  other fibres          - health effects                                              X
                                                        \
  1.4                   - detection and dispersion of pollu­                          X        X
  Air quality              tants
                        - health effects                                             X
                        - effects on plants                                          X
                        - physicochemical behaviour of air               X
                           pollutants ( 1978-83 ) ( COST 61a bis )                            X
  1.5                   - water quality analysis                                     X        X
  Freshwater            - typology of inland water                                   X
  quality ( surface     - ground water                                               X
  and ground water ] - health effects
                        - effects on animals and plants                              X
                        - microbiological pollution                                  X
                                                                              I
  1.6   Waste heat      - ecological effects                                         X
. 1.7 Marine envi­      - momtoring marine .water quality
                                                                   I    χ
  ronment quality       - fate and effects of pollutants             ( Cost47 )' XX           X
                           ( excluding hydrocarbons )
                        - fate and effects of hydrocarbons                           Χ        X
                        - pathobiology of marine organisms                           χ
  1.8   Noise
  pollution             - health effects of long term exposure                       X
                        - interaction of noise and other                             X
                           pollutants
                                                                                     X
                        - particular types of sounds ( infra-
                           sounds and vibrations , , impulsive
                           sounds , ultrasounds )
 ---pagebreak---                                              » 28 -
                                                                        M' Mil * I
  Research area 2        Reduction and prevention - of pollution b ; 'd nuiss^es
  Objectives : Develop techniques to improve the quality of air , soil and
  watVr "by"reducing or abating emissions of polluting wastes and for clean­
  ing up after accidents .
                                                                                  Con­    Di reci
                                  Sub topics                            Conceni tract     Actioi
   - Topics
                                                                        ted        & co-
                                                                                         "( p. m .!
                                                                        Actior ordi .
  2.1 Sewage             - Treatment and use of sewage sludge               X
         Sludge            ( 1977-83 )  ( COST 68bis )
  2.2 . Pollution-       - in air :    reduction of emission                           X
  abatment . Reduc­        sources ( fixed and mobile )
  tion in' a parti­      - in soil : waste disposal                                    X
  cular medium /         - in water : effluent treatment ,                             X
 (ai r,soi I , water )     leaching of solid wastes ( for
, and noi se reduc­        hydrocarbons see below 2.6 )
  tion .                 - reduction of noise from various sourq es                    X
  2.3     Prevention
  of pollution           -   clean " technologies ( reduced                            X
   ( Clean Techno­         pollution and wastes ) in selected
   logies )                industrial branches
                         - " soft " technologies ( using fewer
                           resources and energy ) in select ^                             /
                           industrial, branches
                       I
  2 - A Ec-ological      - surface and ground water pollution                          X
   effects of solid        by waste disposal
   waste disposal                                                                  -s.
                                                                      i
                                                                      l
  2.5 Clean up           - physical methods                                 X          X
  techniques for         - chemical methods                                 X          X
  hydrocarbon            - biological methods                               X
  pollution
  2.6 Impact of          - environmental consequences                       X          X
  new technologies       - pollution transfer                               X
    Related programmes
    - Paper and Board Recycling
    - Recycling of Urban and Industrial Waste ( Seccn'j y Raw Materials )
    - Energy savings ( including demonstration project ^,>
   - European Coal and Steel Community projects ( StcM, industry )
   - Agricultural Research Programme : agricultural waste
 ---pagebreak---                                                -   29 -
                                                                       ANNEX I
 Research area 3                      Protection , conservation and management at
                                      the natural environment
J)bj_e_c t_ive s :   To understand the role and functions of ecosystems and
                     biogeochemical cycles to foresee the consequences of
                   ' different policies in the management of environment
                                   /
                                  4                                          I
                                                                   Concer­    Con­
    Topics                           Sub topics                    ted        ' tract Di rect
                           .                     '    ■  /         Action •'  & . co- action
                                                                              r>rHi   ( p. m .)
3.1      Ecosystems          - fragile ecosystems                                 X
 studies                     - structure of ecosystems                            X
                             - functioning of ecosystems                          X
3.2     Biogeo-              - oxygen and ozone
 chemical                    - nitrogen
 studies                     - carbon                                             X
                             - sulphur
                             - phosphorous
                             - metals
3.3 Conser­                  - protection of ecosystems                       )
 vation of eco­              - land use management                            ) X        X
 systems                     - natural areas management                       )
                         I
 3.4    Bird                 - hazards to bird life and             )        )
protection                     reproduction                         >) X     >x
                             - bird population studies                       )
                             - protection of habitats                )       )
 3.5 Recla­                  - estuaries and coastal seas                    )
mation of                      recovery                                      ) X
 damaged eco­                - soil recovery                                 )
 systems
 Related programme :
 - Agriculture' Research Programme : land use
 ---pagebreak---                                              - 30 -
                                                                     ANNEX 2
 Research area 4                        Environmental Information Management
jObj_ejc ti_ves r   To improve the use of scientific data related to the
                    environment for the decision makers and for environmental
                    impact studies
                                                              Concer­    Con-
   Topics                           Sub topics                ted          tract Direct
                                                              Action     & co-      action
                  j
                                                                           ordì .    ( p. m .) .
                                                                                  !
 4.1                                                                              I
         *          < ■
                             - resear.ch on Software                         χ         X
  Data bank on ,               Systems
  envi ronmental . Che-      - ( management of the 3 first                             X
  micals ECDIN
                               years of ECDIN bank for
                               EC users )
                             - linking of more specialized                   X         X
                               data banks
 4.2
 Evaluation ,                - methodology                                   X
 storage and                 - sectors                                       X
 exploitation                                                                                    €
 of data
 4.3
 Cartography                 - methodology of ecological      >
                               mapping                        ) ' with Envi roi iment and
                             - use    for environmental       )   Consi imers Pi otection
                               impact studies                 )   Serv ce
                                  /                                    ι
                                                        V ' •
                           i                          ,
                                                                         /
 ---pagebreak---                                                            ANNEX I
Research area 5               Overall man-environment interactions
                              methodological approach
Objective :   Integration of the results of multidisciplinary
              environmental research to estimate the overall
              interactions between man - and his environment .
                Concer­         Contracts         Di rect
                ted                 and           action
                Action          Co-ordi na­       ( p. m .)
                                tion
                    X                X
                         ( with Environment aind
                         C onsumer Protection
                         S ervice )          I
 ---pagebreak---                                           -32-
                                                                ANNiX II
                        Proposal for a Council Decision
                 adopting a sectoral research and development programme
               in the field of environment ( Environmental Protection and
                Climatology)/ indirect and concerted actions .
                                     1981 - 1985
    THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES /
    Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community and in particular
    article 235 thereof ,
    Having regard to the proposal from the Commission /
    Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament /
    Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee /
    Whereas Article 2 of the Treaty assigns to the Community the task inter alia
    of promoting throughout the Community a harmonious development of economic
    activities / a continuous and balanced expansion and an accelerated raising
    of the standard of living ! •     5
    Whereas research in the field of environment contributes to the attainment
    of these objectives / and has been identified as a sector of priority interest ,
    by the Council in its conclusions of 20 December 1979/                         •         j
    Whereas in its declaration of 17 May 1977/ the Council has approved the                  j
    objectives and principles of a policy for the environment in the Community         •
    as well as a general description of the projects to be undertaken at Community          I
                                                                       *                    j
    level (*>..                                                      ,                      J
                                                                                 :   ■   ' t
    Whereas , therefore / the research projects dealt with by this Decision seem
    necessary to attain certain objectives of the Community within the framework
    of the common marketj                                                                 JI
                                                                                           I
(*)* O.J. C 139.13.6.77,                                                                   !
 ---pagebreak---                                        -33
  Whereas by its resolution of 14 January 1974 , the Council adopted an
   initial outline programme of the European Communities in the field of
  science and technology , and stressed that the whole - range of available
  ways and means of action should be used / ( 1 ).
 Whereas the Community is responsible for the conclusion of agreements with
 third countries in the areas covered by' this decision ; w hereas it is advisable
as soon as this decision is adopted to open negotiations with the States
concerned so that such agreements can be rapidly concluded .
 Whereas the Council has adopted Community concerted actions in the fields of :
- treatment and utilisation of sewage sludge on 27 September 1977 ( 2 )
- the analysis of organic micro-pollutants on 9 October 1978 (3 )
- the physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants , on 9 October 1978 ( 4 ).
Whereas the Council has concluded Community-COST concertation agreements on
concerted action projects in the fields of :
- treatment and utilisation of sewage sludge       on 19 March 1979     (5 )
- the analysis of organic micro-pollutants on       27 March 1980       (6 )
- the physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants , on      27 March 1980 ( 7 ).
Whereas the Member States intend , as part of the rules and procedures applicable
to their national programmes , to carry out the research described in tables 1,2
and 3 , point C of the Annex , and are prepared to integrate such research into a
process of coordination at Community level until >31 December , T$83 . '* ■ -
 ( 1 ) O.J. ' C 7 , 29.1 . 74
 ( 2 ) O.J.   L 267, 19.10.77
(3 ) O.J.     L 311 , 4.11 . 7i
( 4 ) O.J.    L 311 ,  4.11 . 78
( 5 ) O.J. . L 72 ,   23.3 . 75
(6)    O.J. v L 39 ,  15.2 . 80 ,
(7 )   Ô.J.   L 39 , 15.2.80
 ---pagebreak---  Whereas a joint Memorandum of understanding for the implementation of action
                                                                     S
  COST 47 ( Benthic Coastal Ecology ) has been signed ( 1 ).
 Whereas the Council has adopted on 18 December 1979 a multi-annual research
 programme of the European Economic Community in the field of Climatology ( 2 ) .
 Whereas the Council has adopted on        13 March 1980        (3 ) a multi-annual
 programme for the Joint Research Centre which includes research activities in
 the field of the environment .
Whereas in its conclusion^        of 20 December 1979 / the Council has invited
the Commission to submit proposals aimed -**. the ^rationa ligation of structures
for the.praparation / examination and implementation: ©f' Community! research and
development programmes ; that a' grouping" of rindirect and" concerted"'.actions - in
the field of the envirofli»efflt; would constitute a first contribution towards
 meeting these objectives .
Whereas the Treaty does not foresee the powers of action required to these ends
Whereas the Committee of Scientific and Technological Research ( CREST )
has given its opinion on the Commission 's proposal ,*      '
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS :
                                Article 1
A programme of research and development of the European Economic Community in
the field of the Environment ( Environmental protection , climatology )         • - :
is adopted for a period of        5     * years commencing on 1 January 1981 / as
described in the annex , being an integral part of the present decision .
( 1 ) 0.4- .  .   .  .  .  .  .   .
( 2 ) O.J. L 12 , 17.1.80 * '
(3)0 . J. L 72 , 18.3.80
 ---pagebreak---                                      -35
  The programme includes indirect and concerted actions .
  The indirect actions ars carried out particularly by means of contracts .
  The concerted actions consist of the coordination at Community level of
  research activities which are part of the national research programmes of
   r•
 the Member States and, where applicable , of the Community .
  Concerted actions .   n° . 1 , 2 and 4 under point A of the Annex will end on
 31 December 1983 unless they are extended under the terms of Article 3 .
                                   Article 2
 The maximum appropriations necessary for the implementation of the programme
 are estimated at 51 millions of European Units of Account , and the staff at
 18 including the- means necessary for the coordination of concerted actions
 " n®  1 , 2 and 4 under point A of the Annex . The European Unit of Account is'
 defined by the financial regulations in force .
 The indicative internal distribution of funds is shown under point B of the
 Annex .
                                   Article 3
The programme shall be reviewed at the end of the third year . This
review , in accordance with the appropriate procedures , may lead to a
Council decision for a new five-year programme which would supersede
the current programme at the end of the fourth year .
                                   Article 4
 The Commission is responsible for the execution of the programme with regard
 to the indirect actions and is responsible for the coordination with regard
 to the concerted actions /
 It will decide on the detailed implementation, particularly concerning the
 breakdown of the work between indirect and concerted actions , and the
 launching of concerted and coordination actions , as described in the annex ,
 in the framework of the programme .
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 36-
                                 Article 5
   The Commission will be assisted in the tasks Listed in article 4 by the
   following committees :
         a-) the Advisory Committee on Programme Management in the field of
             Environmental Protection
       '     the Advisory Committee on Programme Management in the field of
             Climatology.
  As far as the indirect actions are concerned the terms of reference and
. composition of these committees will be in accordance with the Council
  Resolution of 18 July 1977 on advisory committees for research programme
  management      ( 1)
  For the concerted actions the terms of reference of the Committee under a )
 above are defined in part C of the Annex .
                                 Article 6
  With regard to indirect actions , the dissemination of the information arising
  from their implementation shall be in accordance with Council Regulation
  ( EEC ) No 2380 / 74 of 17 September 1974 adopting provisions for the dissemination
 of information relating to research programmes for the European Economic
 Community ( 2 ).
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 37 -
                                  ÀrtieL » ?
With regard to the concerted actions in accordance with a procedure to be
 laid down by the Commission in agreement with' the Committee a ) in article 5
the participating Member States and the Community shall regularly exchange
all useful information concerning the execution of the research covered by
such activities .   The participating Member States shall provide the
        *
Commission with all information relevant for coordination purposes .     They
shall also endeavour to provide the Commission with information on similar
research planned or carried out by bodies which are not under their
authority .   Any information shall be treated as confidential if so reque­
sted by the Member State which provides it .
At the completion of the! programme , the Commission in agreement with
committee a ) shall send to the Member States and the Parliament a summary
report on the implementation and results of the concerted actions .     It
shall publish this report six months after the latter has been sent to the
Member States , unless a Member State objects .   In the latter case , the
report shall be distributed , in agreement with committee a ), only to those
institutions and enterprises that request it and whose research or pro­
duction activities justify access to the results of research arising from
the concerted actions .   The Commission shall make the necessary arrange­
ments for the report to remain confidential and not to be divulged to
thi rd parties .                -
                                   Article &
1 . In accordance with Article 228 of the Treaty , the Community may con­
clude agreements with non Member States , in particular those involved
in European collaboration iln the field of Scientific and Technical Research
( COST ) with a view to associating them wholly or partly with this
programme .                                  ' '
2.   The Commission is hereby authorized to 'negotiate the agreements ref­
erred to in paragraph 1 .
                                                  • ■                *
The agreements with non-Member States participating in COST shall be negoti
ated in accordance with the conclusions of the Council of 18 July 1978
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 38-
concerning European cooperation in the field of Science and Technology
( COST ) ( 1 ).
                               Article 9
The following    decisions of the Council :
    - - of 9 October 1978 ( 2 ) adopting a concerted action in the field
         of the analysis of organic     micropol lutants in water
       - of 9 October 1978 ( 3 ) adopting, a concerted action in the field of
         physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants
      - of 18 December 1979 ( 4 ) adopting a multi-annual research programme
         in the field of Climatology
are repealed with effect on 1 January 1981 . •
                                             Done at Brussels ,
                                             For the Council ,
                                             The President
 ---pagebreak---                                          A.  SCIENTIFIC AND 'TECHNICAL COMENT
SUBPROGRAM I - ENVIRONMENT' 'FRQTEC'TTGN
                                                   : Indirect acti on                           Concerted Actions
                                                   ^contracts and
Research^ Area 1 : Sources , Pathways and          : ccordination)
e f f-ects ov pel I it t ants
         1A    heavy metals
         1 „<? organic mi cropol lutants and new
               chemical products                                        1 ) Analysis of organic .micropoltut ants in water<COST 64i» bds 7
                                                                              until 31 / 12 / 1963 )
                                                                           Research topics and distribution Sf work ■ araong Member
                                                                           States are shown in table 1 , point C
         1.3   asbestos and other fibres                   χ
         1..4  air quality                                 X
                                                                      2 ) Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants
                                                                            ( COST 61a bis ) ( until 31 / 12 / 1933 )
                                                                           Research topics and distribution pf work among Member
                                                                           States are shown in table 2 , point C
         1«5   surface and underground freshwater
               quality
         1*6   thermal pollution                             X
         1 .7 marins Environment* quality                    X        3 > Benthie coastal ecosystem ?- ( COST 4 ?)
                                                                           1 . Sedimentary bottoms
                                                                           2 . Rocky bottoms - intertidal
                                                                           3 . Rocky bottoms - subtidal
               noise pollution
 ---pagebreak---                                             Indirect Action                        Concerted action
                                            ( contracts and
                                            coordination )
Research Area 2 : Reduction and prevention
of pollution and nuisances
     2.1  Sewage sludge                                       4 ) Treatment and use of sewage sludge ( COST 68 bis ) ( until
                                                                  31 / 12 / 1983 )
                                                                  Research topics and distribution amongst Member States
                                                                  are shown in table 3 , point C
     2.2' Pollution abatement technologies
     2.3  Clean technologies
     2.4  Ecological effects of solid waste                                                                                   ι
                                                                                                                             -Ρ­
          disposal                                                                                                           α
                                                                                                                              ι
     2.5  Oil pollution cleaning techniques
     2.6  Impact of new technologies
                                                            :
 ---pagebreak---                                                   Indirect Action Concerted Actions
                                                 .( contracts and
                                                  coordination
Research Area 5 : Protection , conservation    :
and management of natural environments         :
     3.1  Ecosystems studies                   :         x
     3.2  Biogeochemical cycles                :         x
     3.3  Ecosystems conservation              i          x
                                                                       #■
     3.4  Bird protection                       :         x
                                                                                    i
     3.5  Reclamation of damaged ecosystems     :         x
Research Area 4 : Environment Information       :
Management '                                     •
     4.1  Data bank on environmental chemicals :          x
     4.2  Evaluation , storage and exploration :      -
          of data                                -        x
     4.3  Ecological cartography                 :         x
 Research Area 5 : Complex interactive           :
                                                                        x-
 Systems : man-envi ronment interactions          :        x
 ---pagebreak---                                                                             \
SUBPROGRAMME - II  CLIMATOLOGY       ( indirect action )
Research Area 1 :  Understanding       climate
     1.1  Reconstruction of past climates
     1.2  Climate modelling    and prediction
Research Area 2 : Man - climate interactions
     2.1  Climatic variability and European resources        '    f
     2.2- Man 's influence one   climate
Support Activities
     3.1  Interdisciplinary studies                                      ;■
     3.2  Inventory coordination ^ enrichment of European climate data sets
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 43-
                      /
              B. INDICATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS
                         ( 1981 - 1985 )
 Sector I : Environment Protection : 43 MEUA - indirect actions 42 MEUA
                                                    - concerted actions 1 MEUA
                                                    1)
 Research area 1 : 50-554 including 0.8 MEUA           for concerted
 actions   N° 1 ( COST 64b bis ):        ( 0.4 MEUA )
           N° 2 ( COST 61a bis ):        ( 0.4 MEUA )
           until 31 December     1983
 Research area 2 : 20-25Z including 0.<!*&EUA for concerted
 action    N° 4 ( COST 68 bis )
 Research area 3 : 15-20%
 Research area 4 :   5-10%
 Research area 5 :       5%
 Sector II : Climatology :    8 MEUA
 Research area 1 : 45-50 /4
 Research area 2 : 45-50%
 Support
 activities :        5-10%
(*)  These amounts are not indicative as they are earmarked for
     funding the Community contribution to the Community-COST
     concertation agreements .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 - LL
                                                    C. CONCERTED ACTIONS
                                                           Table 1
                          '"Analysis of organic mi croDollutants in uatpr "
               CONTRIBUTIONS BY THE MEMBER STATES AND THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE (JRC)
                                               TO THE PROJECT BY RESEARCH TOPICS
                                                                                   Division t»f rescarcfr wnrfe
                                 Research topics
                                                                        Β   D   DK      F         I       RL    NL (<K R<
 I. Sampling and sample treatment                                          X     X               X              X   X   X
     – general development and evaluation of methods
     – methods for sampling sediments and indicator organisms
2. Gas chromatographic analysis                                        X   X     X     X         X        X     X   X  X
3 . Coupling, gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers                X        X      X                  X     X      X
4. Other separation techniques                                                  X                               X  X   X
     – development of methods for liquid chromatography
     – improvement of equipment                                      I
     – other separation techniques
5. Data collection and processing                     (                X   X    Χ     X                         X  X   X
     – hard copy spectrum collection                                 I
     – establishment of a spectrum library
6. ' Establishment of inventories                                      X   X    X     X         χ        χ      X  X   X
     – inventory of pollutants
     – collection of data on conversion
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   - 45-
                                                C. CONCERTED        ACTIONS
                                                       Table 2
                 Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric poj. Lutartts "
               CONTRIBUTIONS BY THE MEiMBER STATES AND THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE (JRC)
                                     TO THE CONCERTED PROJECT BY RESEARCH TOPICS
                                                                                 Division of rt *c.irch wnrl
                                Research topics
                                                                         Β  D DK      F        I       JRL   NL UK JRC
1 . Studies on the conversion and transport of atmospheric pollutants:
    (a) laboratory studies                                                  X        X       *          X    X  X   X
    (b) held studies                                                     X  X X      X        X              X  X   X
    (c) modelling                                                                            X               X      X
2 . Studies on the elimination and absorption of atmospheric pollutants  X           X       X                  X
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   - 46-
                                                    C. CONCERTED ACTIONS
                                                                Table 3
                                    'Treatment      and      use   of    sewage     sludge "
                 Contribution by the Member States , by research topics
                                                                                Division of research work among
                                                                                        Member States
                              Research topics
                                                                     Β      D   DK         F         I     IRL  NL υκ
                                                                    Lux.
  1 . Sludge stabilization and odour problems :
      – Definition and determination of 'degree of stability* and
          relation to odour nuisance                                             X        X                         X
      – Comparative evaluation of stabilization procedures                  X    X                  X
 2. Problems related to sludge dewatering :
      – Research on water binding forces                    ♦                                                   X
     – Development and standardization of methods for the
         assessment of dewatering properties                         X     X              X         X              X
     – Problems related to the use of flocculants                          X              X                        X
     – Comparative evaluation of thickening and dewatering
         equipment                                                                                 X            X
3. Analytical problems related to sludge treatment and use :
     – Characterization of pathogens and evaluation of disin­
         fection procedures                                         X      X    X
     – Characterization and determination of pollutants (heavy
         metals, persistent organic compounds) in sludge and
         development of standardized analytical methods             X                     X                        X
4. Environmental problems related to sludge use :
     – Special processing of sludge for agricultural use (e.g.
        comporting) including the improvement of disinfection
         procedures and pollutant removal                                  X             X         X            X
     – Transfer of pollutants to plants and harmful effects
         on vegetation                                                          X        X                      X  X
     – FffcvtN of long range sludge application on soil quality
      . and ground water                                            X      X    *        X                 X       X
     – Optimum land use of sludge, including sludge from
        dephosphatation plants                                             X             X                      X  X
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 46bis ~
                                                           ANNEX II
                         C. CONCERTED ACTIONS
             TERMS OF REFERENCE OF COMMITTEE a ) IN ARTICLE 5
1.     For each concerted action , the Committee shall :
1.1 . contribute to the optimum execution of the programme by giving its
      opinion on all of its aspects ;
1.2 . evaluate the results of the project and draw conclusions as to
      their application ;
1.3 . be responsible for the exchange of information referred to in
      Article 7 ;
1.4 . keep abreast of national research being done in the fields
      covered by the project , and more especially of scientific and
      technical developments likely to affect the execution of the
      project ;
2.    The Committee 's reports and opinions shall be forwarded to the
      Commission and the Member States participating in the project .
      The Commission shall forward these opinions to the CREST .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - n 47 -
                                                                    ANNEX III
                               FINANCIAL DATA
                   CONCERNING THE SECTORAL R&D PROGRAMME
                            IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT
                     ( Indirect and concerted actions )
                                   1981-1985
BUDGET HEADING : Quality of life                      Article 336
             /
TITLE :   " Environment                                Item       3360
                                             Heading        ( in MEUA )   Staff
                                                           Budget
Protection of the environment                3360 / 1           42          12
 Climatology                                 3360 / 2            8            3
Analysis of organic     micro-               3360 / 3
 pollutants in water                                  )
                                                       )
Physico-chemical behaviour of                3360 / 4 )
atmospheric pollutants                                 )         1            3
                                                      <)
Treatment and utilisation of                 3360 /5 ^
sewage sludge                                         )
                   Total :                                      51          18
                                                : i
                         r
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 48 -
                                                           ANNEX III
                             FINANCIAL RECORD
1 . Relevant budget heading :      3360/ 1
                                                                i
2.  Title of the budgetary heading :     Environmental Protection ( indirect action )
3.  Legal basis :
    - Implementation of Article 235 of the Treaty establishing       the
      European Economic Communities ;
    - Décision of ...............
4.  Description , objective and justification of the project :
    4.1  Description
         Continuation of a coordinated research programme on the
         environment carried out essentially by means of shared-cost
         contracts concluded with research ^bodies in the Member
         States and relating to :
         1.  Sources , pathways and effects of pollutants
         2.  Reduction and prevention of pollution and nuisances ,
             including clean technologies
         3.  Protection, conservation and management of the natural
             environment
         4.  Management'of the information concerning the environment
              ( Data banks )
                        y
         5.  Overall man-envi ronment interaction
     4.2 Objective                     .
         To ensure a scientific and technical support to the Community
         policy on the environment
     4.3 Justification                       > <
         The execution of coordinated research in the Member States      ι
         permits to avoid duplication of efforts and to optimise the
         results through the mobilisation of specialised laboratories
         in order to solve problems of common interest .
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 49 -
                                                                         ANNEX III
          5.  FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF INTERVENTION APPROPRIATIONS
              ( including expenditure on staff and administrative and technical
              expenditure )
          5»1 Total cost for the expected duration                                EUA
          5.2 Proportion financed from :
              - the Community budget '                           42.000.000       EUA
              - national budgets                                                  EUA
              - other sectors at national level
          5.3 Multi-annual timetable
          5.3.1.1   Appropriations for commitment                            IN EUA
 Type of                                            1983        1984           1985         TOTAL
 expenditure
                      1981 *
                                   1982 ** j
   Staff              517.800      644.000         696.000     752.000         813.000    3.422.800
 Administration       204.200      244.000         263.000     284.000         307.000    1.302.200
 Contracts          4.600.000   12.000.000      4.000.000    isnoo.ooo      1.675.000   37.275.000
 Total              5.322.000   12.888.000      4.959.000    16036.000     2.795.000   42.000.000
        5.3.1.2    Appropriations for payment                                IN EUA
 Type of
 expenditure
                   1981*        1982 **      1983         1984       1985                    TOTAL I
                                                                                               -    • i
   Staff           517.800     644.000     696.000      752.000    813.000                3.422.803
Adaiinistratior    204 . 2Ô0   244.000     263.000      284.000    307.000                1.302.200
 Contracts         800.000   7.000.000 101)00.000 6.750.000      11050.000    1.675.000 37 . 275 . 000
                                                                                        I
 Total  _        1.522.000   7.888.000 T). 959 . 000 7.786.000 12170.000
                                                                             1.675.000 J12.000.000
          *1981 staff : 6 category A , 1 categoryBr 3 category C
        ** 1982 staff : 7 category A, 1 category B, 4 category C.
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  ANNEX III
5.3.2    Method of calculation
       t
         a ) Staf f^ £X£eridj_tjjre^
             Requirements have been calculated on the basis of a staff
             complement of 12*persons , i.e. :
             7 category A staff
             1 category B member of staff
             4 category C staff
             Apart from the actual staff complement , the calculations also
             take account of the rates of salary - increases of Commission
             staff used to estimate the appropriations entered in the 1981
             budget ;   the estimated overall increases for subsequent years
             are based on the rate of change in the general Community price
             index used in drawing up the triennial estimates / i.e. 8.1%
             per annum .
       b ) ^dmim£tjratnj^e_and / ojr te chrn£a l expendjture
    •                                 . .
             This expenditure specifically covers the cost of missions and
             the organization' of meetings .     It has been estimated on the
             basis of average requirements .
       c ) Expenditure on contracts
             This expenditure covers the financial participation of the
             Community in research carried out under shared-cost contracts
             ( studies , research etc ) to be concluded with research institu­
             tions in the Member States specialized in the environmental
             field .   Since the specific nature of the various topics and the
             qualifications of the contracting parties are likely to vary , it
             has not been possible to devise aruniform method of calculation .
             Consequently , the estimate of requirements is a hypothetical .
             one based on the number of contracts to be negotiated and on
             average financial participation by the Community approximating
             to 50% of total costs .      At all events , the Advisory Committee on
             Programme Management will be consulted over the allocation of
             the appropriations .
                                               \             -
* For 1981 , the staff complement requested in the budget is as follows :
  6 category A , 1 category B , 3 category C.                          '
 ---pagebreak---                               • –  * 51 -
                                                            ANNEX III
                                                          /
6. FINANCIAL IMPLICATION IN RESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR STAFF AND
   CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE :
   ( see point 5 above )
7. FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE :
7.4 The requisite appropriations to cover the Community 's participation
     in this project are to be entered under future budgets .
8.   IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :    -
    - Community taxes on officials' salaries
    -.Officials' contributions to the pension scheme        -
9.  TYPE OF MONITORING TO BE APPLIED
    - Administrative checks by the DG for Financial Control with regard
       to the implementation of the budget and to ensure that the expen­
       diture has been incurred in a regular and proper manner plus checks
       carried out by the!. Contracts Service of DG XII .
    - Scientific checks :    ACPM
                             Competent officials from DG XII .
 ---pagebreak---                                                               ANNEX III   .
                                FINANCIAL RECORD
1.   RELEVANT BUDGET HEADING :
                                    3360 / 2
1.1 TITLE OF THE PROJECT :
                             t                         ■   '         .       .
                Climatology ( indirect action )
2 . LEGAL BASIS :
                Article 235 of the EEC Treaty
                Council decion of, .   .     . . » . .
3.   DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT :
3.1 Description
     Programme of research into the mechanism and        variability of climate
     to be carried out by means of shared-cost contracts to be concluded
     with research bodies in the Member States and relating to :
               - Studies of climate mechanism and reconstruction of previous
                 c limates .
                 Studies into the effects of the variability of climate on
                 certain resources , in particular water , and on energy
                 requirements .
            ■    Studies into the effects of certain human activities , in
                 particular these giving rise to pollution , on climate .
3.2   Objective
      To help understand climate mechanism and to solve the problems caused
      by the effects of climatic changeableness on major " resources . To
      contribute to the removal of climatic risks caused by man 's
      exploitation ancJ pollution of the environment .
4.   JUSTIFICATION 0F THE PROJECT :
     It is vital to have better techniques for forecasting the likely
     effects of climatic changes especially on water resources and on
     agricultural output . It is also important" to assess to what extent
     c-i.imate can change as a function of human activity .
 ---pagebreak---                                                               - 53 -
                                                                                                ANNEX III
            5 . - FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF                    INTERVENTION APPROPRIATIONS
                   ( including expenditure on staff and on administrative and technical
                   expenditure )
            5.1 Total - cost for the expected duration                                                      EUA
            5.2 Proportion financed from :
                   - the Community budget                                               8.000.000           EUÂ
                   • national budgets                                                                       EUA
                   - other sectors at national level                                                        EUA
            5.3      Mult i - annua I timetable
            5.3.1*1       Appropriations for commitment                                               in EUA
                                                             τ–·––■
    Type of
                               1980              1931               1982            1983
    expenditure                                                                                   1984               TOTAL
    Staff                      157.300           158,400
                                                             |      171.200        135.100         200.100          372.100
    Administration           -  33 . ? 00 !    .  39,600     ! :     4c\800          46,300         49.900          212.300
    Contracta              2.344.000         1.000.000          1.000.000        2.071.500
 l           .
                                                                                                                6.915.600
 I
                           3.035.000 I
                                                                                                                  "'··Μ«·ΙΙΙ
                                        __l
                                             1.1 93 ., 000 !   1.214.000 I      2.303.000 I
                                                                                              I               i
                                                                                                   250.000 î 3i.OCO.COO |
            5.3.1.2       Appropriations for payment                                                  in EUA
                       4                                                                                                       ,
jType of                     1980 "         1931           1932      .       19S3        -  1934         1985            TOTAL I
j expendi ture                                                                                                                 !
   Staff          _ •     157.300            158.400       171.200           185.100       200.100                     372.100
   Admini stration          33.700          . 39.600          42 „ 300        46.300;       49.900                     212.300
                                                                                      i
   Contracts              909.000        1.800.000 2.135.000
                                                        I
                                                                            700.600 i   1.100.000    271 . 000 ! 6. 91 5-. 600
                                                        I
                                                                                                       :
                                                                           Λ
   Total-              1.100.000         1.998.000 2 .> 3-49,000           £32,000 1.350.000        271.000       e JJOO.OOO
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 54 -
                                                            ANNEX III
. 3.2 Method of calculation
      a ) Staff expench tun?
      Requirements have been calculated on the basis of a staff com- •
      plement of :
      2 category A staff 1
      1 category C member of staff
          . .             ι
      Apart from the actual staff complement the calculations also
      take account of the rates of salary increases of Commission st'aff
      used to estimate the appropriations entered in the 1981 budget ;
      the estimated overall increases for subsequent years are based on
      the rate of change in the general Community price index used in
      drawing up the triennial estimates , i.e. 8.1% per annum .
      b ) Admini st£a_t ^ive_andA>_r te£hni£a_l expenditure
      This expenditure specifically covers the cost of missions and the
      organization of meetings . It has been estimated on the basis of
      average requirements .
      c ) Expenditure on contracts                                        '
      This expenditure cdvers the financial participation of the
      Community in research carried out under share'd-cost contracts
      ( studies / research etc ) to be concluded with research ' bodies
      in the Member States specialized in the field . Since the specific
      nature of the various topics and the qualifications of the con­
      tracting parties are likely to vary, it has not been possible to
      devise, a uniform method of calculation . Consequently, the
      estimate of requirements is a hypothetical one - based on the
      number of contracts to be negotiated and on average financial
      participation by the Community approximating to 50% of total costs
      At all events , the Advisory Committee on Programme Management will
      be consulted over the allocation of the appropriations .
                                                                        /
 ---pagebreak---                                                          ANNEX III
6.  FINANCIAL IMPLICATION IN RESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR STAFF AND
    CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE :
    ( see point 5 above )
7.  FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE :
7.4 The requisite appropriations to cover the Community 's participation
    in this project are to be entered under future budgets .
                               1 '
8.  IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :
    - Community taxes on officials' salaries
    - Officials' contribution to the pension scheme
9.  TYPE OF MONITORING TO BE APPLIED
                                    t
    - Administrative checks by the DG for Financial Control with regard
    to the implementation of the budget and to ensure that the expendi­
    ture has been incurred in a'regular and proper manner plus checks
    carried out by the Contracts Service of DG XII .                  .
    - Scientific checks : ACPM
                           Competent officials from DG XII .      ■ '
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 56 -
                            FINANCIAL RICORO                ÂNNiX III
1. RELEVANT BUDGET HEADING ;
                                 3360 / 3
2. TITLE OF THE BUDGETARY HEADING :      Environmental Protection :  -
   Analysis of organic micropollutants in water ( concerted action )
3. LEGAL BASIS :   Article 235 of the EEC Treaty
             *     Council Decision of .
4. DESCRIPTION . OBJECTIVE(S ) AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT :
                         4
   4.1   Description :
         Coordination of the most important research work being carried
         out or planned in the Member States concerning the analysis of
         micropollutants in water . An association of non-member European
         States is also envisaged .
   4.2   Objective :
         Development and extension of research work carried out under
         COST Project 64b bis .
   4.3   Justification :
       ν
         The proposed research is part of the sectoral programme in the
         field of environment . It is directly linked to the Council
         Resolution of 14 January 1974 and also to the European Communities
         Action Programme on the Environment , in particular the Council
         Resolution of 17 May 19 77 , Title II . Chapter 2 .
 ---pagebreak---                                                     - 57 -
          5.     FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF INTERVENTIONS APPROPRIATIONS
               ( including expenditure on staff and administrative and technical
                 expenditure )
                                                                               ,1
          5.1 Total cost for the expected duration                            * EUA
           5.2 Proportion financed from :
                 - the Community budget                              340.000 EUA
                 - national budgets                                                 EUA
                 - other sectors at national level                                  EUA
           5.3 Multirannual timetable
                 ■  "■ –             " " "                                    ,«»•- – *•- -J
           5.3.1.1       Appropriations for commitment            ' ;, in EUA
  Type of                   1981              1982        1983                                TOTAL
  expendi ture
  Staff '                   66.000         71.300        77.100
  Administration            24.000         25.700        27.900
  Contracts                 36.000         12.000
                                                                I
                           126.000       109.000        105.000                              340.000
  Total
             5.3.1.2       Appropriations for payment
  Type of
  expendi ture              1981              1982        1983                                TOTAL
                            66.000           71.300     77.100
  Staff      ,
  Administration
                            24.000           25.700     27.900
  Contracts                 36.000           12.000
ι
  Total                    126.000 .        109.000    105.000                               340.000
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 58 -
                                                              ANNEX lit
5.3.2 Method_crf caUulatjon
      a ) Staff expendjH:]jr£
      Requirements have been calculated on the basis of a staff com­
      plement of :
• ,
      1 category A member of staff
      Apart from the actual staff complement, the calculation also take
      account of the rates of salary increases of Commission staff used
      to estimate the appropriations entered in the 1981 budget ;         the
                                                                                »
      estimated overall increases for subsequent years are based on the
      rate of change in the general Community price index used in drawing
      up the triennial estimates , i.e. 8.1% per annum .
      b)   Admini st raH ve_aj2d/o£ techni caj^ expenditure
      this expenditure specifically covers the cost of missions and the
      organization of meetings and receptions .       It has been estimated
      on the basis of average requirements . '
      c)   Expenditure on contracts     ,                               -
      This modest expenditure covers the financial participation of the
      Community in studies and research carried out under contracts
      to be concluded with undertakings and laboratories in the Member
      States which specialize in this field .       Since the specific nature
      of the various topics and the qualifications of the contracting
      parties are likely to vary, it has not been possible to devise a
      uniform method of calculation .      Consequently , the estimate of     ,
      requirements is a hypothetical one based on the number of contracts
      to be negotiated .    At all events , the Advisory Committee
      will be consulted on the allocation of the approriations .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 59 -
                                                           ANNEX III
6.  FINANCIAL IMPLICATION IN RESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR STAFF AND
    CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE :
    ( see point 5 above )
7.  FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE :
7.4   The requisite appropriations to cover the Community 's participation
    in this project are to be entered under future budgets .
8.  IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :
    - Community taxes on officials' salaries
    * Officials' contribution to the pension scheme
    - Contribution from non-member states .
9.  TYPE OF MONITORING TO BE APPLIED
    - Administrative checks by the DG for Financial Control with regard
       to the .implementation of the budget and to ensure that the
       expenditure has been incurred in a regular and proper manner plus
       checks carried out by the Contracts Service of DG XII .
    _ Scientific checks :   ACPM
                            Competent officials from DG XII .
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 60 -
                         FINANCIAL RECORD
1. RELEVANT BUDGET HEADING :       3360 / 4
2. TITLE OF THE BUDGET HEADING :    Environmental Protection ::
   Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants ( concerted action )
3. LEGAL BASIS :  Article 235 of the EEC Treaty
                  Council Decision of
4. DESCRIPTION , OBJECTIVE(S ) AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT :
   4.1  Description :  Coordination of the most important research
        work currently being undertaken or planned in the Member
        States concerning the physico-chemical behaviour of
        atmospheric pollutants .   An association of non-member
        European States is also envisaged .
   4.2  Objective :    Development and extension of research which has
        been carried out under COST Pr9ject 61a bis .   Greater under­
        standing of the impact of human activities on the atmosphere
        and their effects on the environment .
   4.3  Justification : The proposed research is part of the sectoral
        programme in the field of environment . It is directly related
        to the Council Resolution of 14 January 1974 and to the
        European Communities Action Programme on the Environment , in
        particular the Council Resolution of 17 May 1977 , Title II ,
        Chapter 3 .
                       ι
                       ι
 ---pagebreak---                                             - 61 -
                                                                    ANNEX III
        5.    FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF INTERVENTIONS APPROPRIATIONS
            ( including expenditure on staff and administrative and technical
              expenditure )
        5.1 Total cost for the expected duration                           EUA
         5.2 Proportion financed from ;
                                                           440.000          EUA
              - the Community budget
              - national budgets                                            EUA
              - other sectors at national level                             EUA
         5.3 Multi-annual timetable
         5.3.1.1     Appropriations for commitment                 in EUA
Type of                 1981   ,       1982        1983                          TOTAL
expendi ture
Staff                   92.400       99.900       108.000
                                                                      I
Administration          42.600       40.100         42.000
Contracts                            10.000          5.000
                                    150.000        155.000                      440.000
Total                  135,000
                                                            j
                                                                     in EUA
           5.3.1.2     Appropriations for payment
Type of
                         1981          1982    |    1983                         TOTAL
expendi ture                                   I
                                               I
Staff                  92.400         99.900     108.000
Administration         42.600         40.100       42.000
Contracts                             10.000         5.000
                   __
                      135.000       150.000      155.000                        440.000
Total
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 62 -
                                                              ANNEX III
5.3.2 Method of calculation
      a)   Staff e x£ench_t ur£
      Requirements have been calculated on the basis of a staff
      complement of :       1 category A member of staff
                            1 category C member of staff
      Apart from this staff complement , the calculations also take
      account of the rates of salary increases of Commission staff used
      to estimate the appropriations entered in the 1981 budget ;       the
      estimated overall increases for subsequent years are based on
      the rate of change in the general Community price index used in
      drawing up the triennial estimates , i.e. 8.1% per annum .
      b)  ^dmini st r^H ve_and/o£ _te£hnical^ ex£endjtun?
      This expenditure specifically covers the cost of missions and the
      organization of meetings .     It has been estimated on the basis of
      average requirements .
      c)  E^£endj_tur£ £n_con£rac£s
      This modest expenditure covers the financial participatioh of
      the Community in studies and research carried out under contracts
      to be concluded with undertakings and laboratories in the Member
      States which specialize in this field .       Since the specific nature
      of the various topics and the qualifications of the contracting
      parties are likely to vary - it has not been possible to devise
                                                I '
      a uniform method of calculation .      Consequently , the estimate of
      requirements is a hypothetical one based on the number of contracts
      to be negotiated .     At all events , thfe Advisb'ry Committee
      will be consulted over the allocation of the appropriations .
                          i
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 63 -
                                                               ANNEX III
6.  FINANCIAL IMPLICATION IN RESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR STAFF AND
    CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE :
    ( see point 5 above )
7.  FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE :
7.4 The requisite appropriations to cover the Community 's participation
    in this project are to be entered under future budgets .
8.  IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :
    - Community taxes on officials' salaries
    - Officials' contribution to the pension scheme
    - Contribution from non-member states .
9.  TYPE OF MONITORING TO BE APPLIED
                                                                     /
    - Administrative checks by the DG for Financial Control with regard
    to the implementation of the budget and to ensure that the expenditure
    has been incurred in a regular and proper manner plus checks carried
    out by the Contracts Service of DG XII .
    - Scientific checks :  ACPM                              ' !
                          Competent officials from DG XII .
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 64 ~
                                                             ANNEX IIS
                                                                  . i ■ j i.
                            FINANCIAL RECORD
1. RELEVANT BUDGET HEADING :       3360 / 5
2. TITLE OF THE BUDGET HEADING :      Envi ronmental Protection .:
   Treatment and utilization of sewage sludge ( concerted action )
                                                           m
3. LEGAL BASIS :  Article 235 of the EEC Treaty
                  Council Decision of .....              .
4. DESCRIPTION , OBJECTIVE(S ) AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT :
   4.0  Description
   Coordination of the most important research work being carried out
   or planned in the Member States concerning the treatment and the
   utilization of sewage sludge . An association of non-member
   European states is also envisaged .
                          I
   4.1  Objective
   Development and extension of research work carried out under
   COST Project 68 bi s .
                                                        %
   4.3  Justification :
   The proposed research is part of the sectoral programme in the field
   of environment . It is directly linked to the Council Resolution
   of 14 January 1974 and also to the European Communities * Action Pror
   gramme on .the Environment , in particular the Council Resolution of
   17 May 1977 - Titlell , Chapter 2 .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     ANNEX III
          5.    FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF INTERVENTIONS APPROPRIATIONS
              ( including expenditure on staff and administrative and technical
                expenditure )
           5.1 Total cost for the expected duration                         EUA
           5.2 Pr oportion financed from :
                - the Community budget                          220.000     EUA
                - national budgets                                          EUA
                - other sectors at national level                           EUA
           5.3 Multi-annual timetable
           5.3.1.1     Appropriations for commitment               In EUA
  Type of                 1981          1982        1983                           TOTAL
  expendi ture
I       :
  Staff           <                             I
                                                       - J
  Administration         70.000       70.000      80.000              »
  Contracts
  Total                  70.000       70.000      80.000                          220.000
            5.3.1.2 Appropriations for payment                      in EUA
  Type of
                          1981           1982       1983                            TOTAL
  expenditùre
                       I
  Staff                                        I
  Admini stration          70.000     70.000      80.000
  Contracts
   Total
                           70.000 !    70.000      80.000                         220.000
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 66 -
                                                                   ANNEX lit
5.3.2     Method of calculation
          a)  Admi rn j^t ra ve_a nd/o£ _te£h£i£a_l_ £X£endi_tiJn;
        *                                                               »
          The expenditure mainly covers the cost of missions and the
          organization of meetings .      It has been estimated on the
          basis of average requirements .
6.  FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR STAFF
    AND CURRENT ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURE :
     ( see under point 5 above )
7.  FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE :
7.4 The appropriations needed to cover the Community 's participation
    in this project are to be entered under future budgets .
                                           y
8.  IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :
                                                                     V
    - Contribution from non-member states .
9.  TYPE OF MONITORING TO BE APPLIED
    - Administrative checks :
        Administrative checks by the DG for Financial Control with regard
        to the implementation of the budget to ensure that the expenditure
        has been incurred in a regular and proper manner plus a further
        check by the Contracts Service of DG XII .
    - Scientific checks :       ACPM
                                Competent officials from DG XII .