CELEX: 32019M9445
Language: en
Date: 2019-12-13 00:00:00
Title: Commission Decision of 13/12/2019 declaring a concentration to be compatible with the common market (Case No COMP/M.9445 - NATURA COSMETICOS / AVON PRODUCTS) according to Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (Only the English text is authentic)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
                                                                 Brussels, 13.12.2019
                                                                 C(2019) 9256 final
                                                                                  PUBLIC VERSION
                                                                  In the published version of this decision,
                                                                  some information has been omitted
                                                                  pursuant to Article 17(2) of Council
                                                                  Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 concerning
                                                                  non-disclosure of business secrets and other
                                                                  confidential information. The omissions are
                                                                  shown thus […]. Where possible the
                                                                  information omitted has been replaced by
                                                                  ranges of figures or a general description.
                                                                  To the notifying party
Subject:             Case M.9445 - Natura Cosméticos/Avon Products
                     Commission decision pursuant to Article 6(1)(b) of Council Regulation
                     No 139/20041 and Article 57 of the Agreement on the European Economic
                     Area2
Dear Sir or Madam,
(1)        On 8 November 2019, the European Commission received the notification of a
           proposed concentration pursuant to Article 4 of the Merger Regulation by which
           Natura Holding S.A. (Brazil, ‘Natura Holding’) acquires sole control over Avon
           Products, Inc. (United States, ‘Avon’, and together with Natura Cosméticos S.A.,
           the ‘Parties’) by way of purchase of shares (the ‘Transaction’).3
1.         THE PARTIES
(2)        Natura Cosméticos S.A. (‘Natura’) is a worldwide distributor, seller and marketer of
           beauty and personal care products. Natura is active in the EEA through its
           subsidiaries The Body Shop and Aesop. The Body Shop is a cosmetic and beauty
1     OJ L 24, 29.1.2004, p. 1 (the ‘Merger Regulation’). With effect from 1 December 2009, the Treaty on the
      Functioning of the European Union (the ‘TFEU’) has introduced certain changes, such as the replacement
      of ‘Community’ by ‘Union’ and ‘common market’ by ‘internal market’. The terminology of the TFEU
      will be used throughout this decision.
2     OJ L 1, 3.1.1994, p. 3 (the ‘EEA Agreement’).
3     Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union No C 389, 18.11.2019, p. 20.
Commission européenne, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Bruxelles, BELGIQUE
Europese Commissie, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Brussel, BELGIË
Tel: +32 229-91111. Fax: +32 229-64301. E-mail: COMP-MERGER-REGISTRY@ec.europa.eu.
 ---pagebreak---         branded retailer, which offers high quality, naturally-inspired and ethically sourced
        products under its own brand name through a network of owned and franchised
        single-branded stores, as well as e-commerce and, to a limited extent in the United
        Kingdom, direct selling. Aesop sells a range of skin, hair, home and body care
        products through its own branded stores, third party stockists, department stores,
        distributors and e-commerce.
(3)     Avon is a worldwide manufacturer and marketer of beauty and personal care
        products. Avon sells products through direct-selling, i.e., consultants interacting
        directly with end-consumers. Avon also markets its products through e-commerce
        and, to a limited extent, through decentralized branches, satellite stores and
        boutiques.
2.      THE CONCENTRATION
(4)     The Transaction takes the form of an acquisition of sole control over Avon by
        Natura Holding. On 22 May 2019, the Parties entered into an Agreement and Plan of
        Mergers (“Merger Agreement”) that sets out the terms and conditions for
        implementing the proposed transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger
        Agreement, the Transaction is accomplished by way of purchase of shares and, upon
        completion, Natura and Avon will become wholly owned subsidiaries of Natura
        Holding.4 The Transaction therefore constitutes a concentration within the meaning
        of Article 3(1)(b) of the Merger Regulation.
3.      UNION DIMENSION
(5)     In 2018, Natura and Avon have had a combined aggregate worldwide turnover of
        more than EUR 5 000 million5 (Natura: EUR 3 628 million, Avon: EUR […]
        million). Each of them has an Union wide turnover in excess of EUR 250 million
        (Natura: EUR […] million, Avon: EUR […] million), but they do not achieve more
        than two-thirds of their aggregate Union-wide turnover within one and the same
        Member State. The Transaction therefore has Union dimension within the meaning
        of Article 1(2) of the Merger Regulation.
4.      MARKET DEFINITION
(6)     The Parties are active worldwide in the sales of beauty, personal care and cosmetics
        products. In the EEA, their activities overlap across several product categories,
        namely bath and shower products, soaps, hair care products, skin care including
        body, facial and hand care products, colour cosmetics, deodorants, fragrances, men’s
        care products and sun care products. According to Natura, however, the Parties’
        combined market positions are insignificant with the limited exception of women’s
        and/or mass-market fragrances and bath additives in selected Member States.
4   The current shareholders of Natura and Avon will become shareholders of Natura Holding: Form CO,
    paragraph 21.
5   Turnover calculated in accordance with Article 5 of the Merger Regulation.
                                                          2
 ---pagebreak--- 4.1.     Geographic market definition
(7)      In the past, the Commission has assessed transactions involving the supply of
         beauty, personal care and cosmetics products at national level due to different
         consumer preferences, different prices, differences in the structure and relative
         importance of distribution channels across Member States, as well as the fact that
         price negotiations and procurement are conducted at national level.6
(8)      Natura submits that the exact geographic market definition for the various
         overlapping product categories can be left open in the present case but
         acknowledged the Commission’s prior practice and provided market data at national
         level.7
(9)      The outcome of the market investigation has confirmed that the relevant geographic
         market for each relevant product category is national in scope.8 In particular, though
         some comments pointed to a possible convergence in consumer preferences and a
         blurring of distribution patterns due to e-commerce, a clear majority of competitors
         and of wholesalers still consider that the relevant geographic market should be
         defined at national level.9 As a large competitor indicated: “[our] market position
         differs from country to country and there are differences in brands’ strengths and
         positioning across countries. Consumers’ preferences in terms of products and
         brands are also different across the European countries, and the formats of the
         products may vary. Also, product penetration and development varies per
         country”.10
(10)     In conclusion, based on the information submitted by Natura and the results of the
         market investigation, all relevant markets described in section 4.2. will be assessed at
         national level. In any event, the precise geographic market definition can be left open
         since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its compatibility with
         the internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement under any plausible
         geographic market definitions, whether comprising the whole of the EEA, possible
         country clusters or Member States and Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement.
4.2.     Product market definition
(11)     At the outset, the Commission inquired during the market investigation into a
         possible segmentation of the supply of beauty, personal care and cosmetics products
         by sales channels, in particular direct selling via consultants due to the focus of
         Avon’s business on this channel.
(12)     However, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed
         an opinion indicated that store-based (e.g. own-brand stores, department stores, large
6   Commission’s decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recital 100 et seq.; Commission decision of 6 June 2011, Colgate Palmolive/Sanex Business (M.6221),
    recitals 28 et seq.; Commission decision of 31 May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 12
    and 13. The precise definition of the geographic market was generally left open.
7   Form CO, paragraph 135-136, 143, 151, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 189-192, 204 and.213-216.
8   Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 13; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 13; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 13.
9   Idem.
10  Minutes of a call with a competitor, 4 October 2019, paragraph 7.
                                                          3
 ---pagebreak---          retail stores, etc.), non-store based (e.g. e-commerce) and direct selling (i.e. sales
         through consultants) exercise competitive pressure on each other.11 This is
         specifically the case in the United Kingdom where Natura is also active through
         direct selling, albeit to a limited extent.12 Moreover, the results of the market
         investigation revealed that end-consumers and suppliers tend to develop multi-
         channel purchasing patterns or supplying strategies, respectively.13
(13)     Accordingly, a segmentation by sales channels appears unwarranted. In any event, if
         such a segmentation were accepted, it would not give rise to any significant
         increment in the Parties’ respective market positions given Natura’s limited reliance
         on direct selling in the EEA (i.e., only in the United Kingdom) and Avon’s limited
         reliance on in-store sales.14 Moreover, most competitors in the supply of beauty,
         personal care and cosmetics products are active online.15
4.2.1. Body Care Products
(14)     Body care products are designed to moisture and nourish the skin of the body
         presented in various formats like body butters, moisturisers or body lotions.16
(15)     In previous decisions,17 the Commission considered that body care products may
         constitute a separate product market. However, the precise market definition was left
         open.
(16)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in body care products and the proposed
         Transaction does not raise concerns under any plausible market definition.18
11  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 32.1, a competitor stated: “Consumers purchase
    these products through direct selling, but also buy through other channels. They take advantage of
    choices/offers/influencers to find the products they like regardless of the channel”.
12  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 32.1 and 32.2; Replies to questionnaire to
    franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 32.1 and 32.2; Replies to questionnaire to
    consultants (Q3), questions 32.1 and 32.2.
13  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 32; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 32; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 29.
    As a direct selling competitor explained: “[D]irect selling companies usually have a loyal base of
    customers but these customers also purchase products from other companies and in other channels on an
    opportunistic basis or out of curiosity or preference. In the Company’s opinion, direct sellers are
    competing with retailers and other direct selling companies. This situation is very relevant for Europe
    where access to both sales channels is easy” (Minutes of a call with a competitor, 7 October 2019,
    paragraph 11). Another competitor also explained that consumers do not make differences between
    distribution channels and that their own customers typically use the different distribution channels to
    purchase the same types of products. Likewise, most competitors tend to develop an “omnichannel”
    strategy to engage with consumers wherever they are likely to make purchases (Minutes of a call with a
    competitor, 15 October 2019, paragraphs 5 and 8).
14  According to Natura, The Body Shop’s sales in the direct selling channel in the UK amounted to
    approximately GBP […] (or approximately EUR […]) in 2018, i.e., [10-20]% of total sales. See Form CO,
    Annex C.3.
15  At the request of the Commission, Natura provided market shares for the Parties and each relevant product
    categories in a hypothetical e-commerce segment (see Annex C.1. to the Form CO). The combined market
    shares of the Parties do not give rise to any affected market in any Member States on that basis.
16  Form CO, paragraphs 139-141.
17  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 8 and 10; Commission
    decision of 17 June 2008, L’Oréal/YSL Beauté (M.5068), recitals 11 to 13.
                                                            4
 ---pagebreak--- (17)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that body care products
         constitute a separate product market.19
(18)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to body care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed an opinion indicated that the Transaction will have either no impact or
         will have a positive impact on body care products.20 Therefore, body care products
         will not be further assessed in this decision.
(19)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission, the precise
         product market definition for body care products can be left open since the
         Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its compatibility with the
         internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement under any plausible
         product market definition whether comprising all skin care products together (e.g.
         body care, facial care, moisturisers and treatments, lip care, or hand care) or body
         care products alone.
4.2.2. Facial care products
(20)     Facial care products are designed to deliver a certain level of care specific for the
         skin of the face. They tend to have formulations different to other categories of skin
         care, like the ones used to counteract the effects of ageing. In particular, face care
         products tend to be used to counteract the effects of ageing and are sold at a
         premium when compared with other types of skin care products. Consumers also
         tend to be more brand sensitive than is the case in other categories of skin care.21
(21)     In previous decisions,22 the Commission considered that face care products may
         constitute a separate product market. However, the precise market definition was left
         open.23
(22)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in face care products and the proposed Transaction
         does not raise concerns under any plausible market definition.24
(23)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that facial care products
         constitute a separate product market.25
18  Form CO, paragraph 142.
19  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
20  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    questions 31 and 32.
21  Form CO, paragraphs 145. Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee Body Care
    (M.5658), recital 1244.
22  Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recitals 24 et seq.; Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 9
    and 10; Commission decision of 17 June 2008, L’Oréal/YSL Beaute (M.5068), recitals 11 to 13.
23  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recital 1247-1249.
24  Form CO, paragraph 150.
                                                           5
 ---pagebreak--- (24)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to face care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on face care products.26 Therefore, face care products will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
(25)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for face care
         products can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all
         skin care products together (e.g. body care, facial care, moisturisers and treatments,
         lip care, or hand care) or facial care products alone.
4.2.3. Hand care products
(26)     Hand care products are designed to prevent the skin of the hands to become dry or
         chapped, whilst minimising greasiness.27
(27)     In previous decisions,28 the Commission considered that hand care products may
         constitute a separate product market. However, the precise market definition was left
         open.29
(28)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in hand care products and the proposed
         Transaction does not raise concerns under any plausible market definition.30
(29)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that hand care products
         constitute a separate product market.31
(30)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to hand care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on hand care products.32 Therefore, hand care products will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
25  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
26  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
27  Form CO, paragraphs 160-162.
28  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 8 and 10; Commission
    decision of 17 June 2008, L’Oréal/YSL Beauté (M.5068), recitals 11 to 13.
29  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recital 1247-1249.
30  Form CO, paragraph 163.
31  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
32  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
                                                           6
 ---pagebreak--- (31)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for hand care
         products can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all
         skin care products together (e.g. body care, facial care, moisturisers and treatments,
         lip care, or hand care) or hand care products alone.
4.2.4. Hair care products
(32)     Hair care products include all products that clean, condition, repair or style the hair.
         They can be found in the form of gels, creams of foams.33
(33)     In a previous decision,34 the Commission considered that hair care products may
         constitute a separate product market. Further segmentation of hair care products into
         shampoos, conditioners, and treatments, styling products and colorants and by
         distribution channels (hairdresser/general retailing) was also considered. However,
         the precise market definition was left open.35
(34)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in hair care products irrespective of possible sub-
         segmentations, and the proposed Transaction does not raise concerns under any
         plausible market definition.36
(35)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that hair care products constitute
         a separate product market.37
(36)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to hair care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on hair care products.38 Therefore, hair care products will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
(37)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for hair care
         products can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all
         hair care products together (e.g. shampoos, conditioners and treatments, styling
         products or colorants) or these products separately.
33  Form CO, paragraph 152.
34  Commission decision of 31 May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 9.
35  Commission decision of 31 May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 10.
36  Form CO, paragraph 157.
37  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
38  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
                                                           7
 ---pagebreak--- 4.2.5. Soaps
(38)     Soaps are made either through a compound of natural oil or fats with sodium
         hydroxide (or an alternative strong alkali) or by adding a detergent agent to a water
         solution. Soaps are used, with water, for cleaning skin and commonly contain
         ingredients which scent the skin after washing.39
(39)     In previous decisions,40 the Commission considered that soaps may constitute a
         separate product market, including. Further segmentation between different formats
         was also considered but the precise market definition was ultimately left open.41
(40)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in soaps irrespective of possible sub-
         segmentations, and the proposed Transaction does not raise concerns under any
         plausible market definition.42
(41)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that soaps constitute a separate
         product market.43
(42)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to soaps at a national level.
         Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed
         a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive impact on
         soaps.44 Therefore, soaps will not be further assessed in this Decision.
(43)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for soaps can be
         left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its
         compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement
         under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all bath and
         shower products together (e.g. bath additives, body wash, shower gel, liquid soap or
         spa and body treatments) or soaps alone.
4.2.6. Sun care products
(44)     Sun care products include all products designed for moisturising and protecting the
         skin from the sun (sun protectors), hydrating and repairing the skin after sun
         exposure (after-sun products) and products that temporarily colour the skin through
         the application of a colour additive that simulate a tan (self-tanning products).45
39  Form CO, paragraph 166.
40  Commission decision of 6 June 2011, Colgate Palmolive/Sanex Business (M.6221), recitals 23-25;
    Commission decision of 30 July 2008, CapMan/Litorina/Cederroth (M.5230), recitals 12 and 13.
41  Idem footnote 39.
42  Form CO, paragraph 169.
43  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
44  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
45  Form CO, paragraphs 172.
                                                           8
 ---pagebreak--- (45)     In a previous decision,46 the Commission considered that sun care products may
         constitute a separate product market. However, the precise market definition was left
         open.47
(46)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in sun care products and the proposed Transaction
         does not raise concerns under any plausible market definition.48
(47)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that sun care products constitute
         a separate product market.49
(48)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to sun care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on sun care products.50 Therefore, sun care products will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
(49)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for sun care
         products can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all
         sun care products together (e.g. sun protectors, after-sun products or self-tanning
         products) or these products separately.
4.2.7. Men’s care products
(50)     Men's care segment includes male grooming products and specifically all products
         intended to treat skin, either before or after shaving.51
(51)     In previous decisions,52 the Commission considered that men's care products may
         constitute a separate product market. However, the precise market definition was left
         open.53
(52)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in men's care products and the proposed
         Transaction does not raise concerns under any plausible market definition.54
46  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 9.
47  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 10.
48  Form CO, paragraph 17.
49  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
50  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
51  Form CO, paragraphs 177-178.
52  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 8 and 9; Commission
    decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever / Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recital 1319-1323.
53  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever / Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recital 1324.
54  Form CO, paragraph 179.
                                                           9
 ---pagebreak--- (53)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that men’s care products
         constitute a separate product market.55
(54)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to men's care products at a
         national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on men's care products.56 Therefore, men's care products will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
(55)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for men's care
         products can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all
         men’s care products together (e.g. perfumes and aftershaves, shaving foams or
         grooming products) or these products separately.
4.2.8. Colour cosmetics
(56)     Colour cosmetics are products applied to alter a person’s appearance without
         affecting the body’s structure or functions. These include products that are applied
         to: (i) lips, such as lipstick or lip liner; (ii) the face, such as foundation, make-up or
         blusher; (iii) eyes, such as mascaras, eye shadows and eye liners; and (iv) nails, such
         as nail polish.57
(57)     In previous decisions,58 the Commission considered that colour cosmetics may
         constitute a separate product market. Further segmentation of colour cosmetics in
         colour cosmetics for lips, face, eyes and nails and by mass and prestige products
         were considered; in the end, the precise market definition was left open.59
(58)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in colour cosmetics irrespective of possible sub-
         segmentations, and the proposed Transaction does not raise concerns under any
         plausible market definition.60
(59)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that colour cosmetics constitute
         a separate product market.61
(60)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to colour cosmetics at a
55  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
56  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
57  Form CO, paragraphs 182.
58  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 8 and 9.
59  Commission decision of 31 May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 10; Commission
    decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726), recitals 53-71.
60  Form CO, paragraph 188.
61  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
                                                          10
 ---pagebreak---          national level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation
         that expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive
         impact on colour cosmetics.62 Therefore, colour cosmetics will not be further
         assessed in this Decision.
(61)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for body care
         products colour cosmetics can be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to
         serious doubts as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of
         the EEA Agreement under any plausible product market definition, whether
         comprising all colour cosmetics together (e.g. lip cosmetics, face cosmetics, eye
         cosmetics or nail cosmetics) or these products separately.
4.2.9. Deodorants
(62)     Deodorants are products that minimise or eliminate the negative effects of sweating
         through control of odour and/or dampness. Products are often differentiated
         according to gender with the majority of brands offering male and female variants.
         Deodorants are sold in a variety of formats, namely contact (such as roll-ons,
         creams, sticks, or wipes) and non-contact forms (such as aerosols/sprays).63
(63)     In previous decisions,64 the Commission analysed a market for all types of
         deodorants but has also considered narrower segments based on: (i) gender
         differentiation (male and non-male deodorants); and (ii) format differentiation.
         However, the precise market definition was generally left open.65
(64)     Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left open as the
         Parties are not significant players in deodorants irrespective of possible sub-
         segmentations, and the proposed Transaction does not raise concerns under any
         plausible market definition.66
(65)     The outcome of the market investigation confirmed that deodorants constitute a
         separate product market.67
(66)     In any event, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the
         Parties do not give rise to affected markets with regard to deodorants at a national
         level. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that
62  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 34; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 31.
63  Form CO, paragraphs 194-195 and Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee
    (M.5658), recital 19.
64  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee (M.5658), recitals 36-142. See also
    Commission decision of 6 June 2011 Colgate Palmolive/Sanex Business (M.6221).
65  Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recital 109.
66  Form CO, paragraph 203.
67  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
                                                          11
 ---pagebreak---          expressed a view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive on
         deodorants.68 Therefore, deodorants will not be further assessed in this Decision.
(67)     In conclusion, based on the information available to the Commission and the results
         of the market investigation, the precise product market definition for deodorants can
         be left open since the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its
         compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement
         under any plausible product market definition, whether comprising all deodorants
         together (irrespective of gender or format differentiation) or separately.
4.2.10. Fragrances
(68)     Fragrances are liquid products applied on the skin directly or via a spray dispenser to
         impart a chosen scent. The scent derives from an aromatic compound, which is
         dissolved in a solvent typically ethanol or an ethanol and water mixture. Fragrances
         supplied by the Parties include aftershave, eau de toilette, eau de parfum, fragrance
         mist and perfume.69
4.2.10.1. The Commission’s precedents
(69)     In previous decisions,70 the Commission considered that fragrances may constitute a
         separate product market. The Commission also considered a further segmentation
         into mass and prestige fragrances71 and, by gender, into male and female
         fragrances.72 The Commission has also considered a possible segmentation for mass
         products by the type of retail outlet (speciality stores, supermarkets, pharmacies,
         etc.).73 The precise market definition regarding fragrances was however left open.74
4.2.10.2. Natura’s views
(70)     Natura agrees that fragrances constitute a separate product market. However, it
         submits that this market should not be further segmented into mass, prestige or
         “masstige”75 because all products compete across a single continuum.76
68  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    questions 31 and 32.
69  Form CO, paragraph 206.
70  Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recitals 24 et seq.; Commission decision of 31 May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recitals 9
    and 10; Commission decision of 17 June 2008, L’Oréal/YSL Beaute (M.5068), recitals 11 to 13.
71  Commission decision of 17 June 2008, L’Oréal/YSL Beaute (M.5068), recital 10. The question was left
    open in Commission’s decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recital 37.
72  Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726),
    recitals 43 and 44.
73  Commission decision of 7 April 2005, AS Watson/Marionnaud (M.3716), recital 6.
74  Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business (M.7726), recital 46.
75  The term “masstige” is used to describe products displaying some of the marketing characteristics of
    prestige products and some of mass products.
76  Form CO, paragraph 91 et seq.
                                                         12
 ---pagebreak--- (71)     In any event, Natura submits that the exact product market definition may be left
         open as the Parties are not significant players in fragrances and the proposed
         Transaction does not raise concerns under any alternative market definition.77
4.2.10.3. The Commission’s assessment
(72)     The market investigation confirmed the segmentation of beauty and personal care
         products by categories based on substitutability considerations in terms of price or
         product characteristics, including with respect to fragrances. The majority of
         respondents that expressed an opinion indicated that there is a distinct market for
         fragrances and that within this market there are separate market segments for male
         and female fragrances due to different price points, different target audience,
         different shelf space and different visual appearance.78
(73)     With regard to the differentiation between mass and prestige fragrances, the majority
         of respondents that expressed on opinion indicated that a distinction between mass
         and prestige fragrances is appropriate.79 Concerning ‘masstige’ products, the market
         investigation was inconclusive. The majority of respondents indicated that the price
         difference between ‘masstige’ products and mass and between ‘masstige’ and
         prestige products was more than 25% each.80 However, while the majority of the
         Parties’ competitors and consultants considered ‘masstige’ products part of the mass
         market;81 the majority of wholesalers/franchisees that expressed a view considered
         ‘masstige’ products as a separate product market.82
(74)     In any event, Natura submits that “even if there was a plausible “masstige” segment
         […] Avon would be still be considered a mass market player”, while Aesop and The
         Body Shop would have a more premium offering,83 i.e., there would be no overlap
         between the Parties. The different positioning of Natura and Avon was confirmed by
         the market investigation. A wholesaler indicated: “Aesop is masstige with some
         prestige touch […] Body shop is masstige […] Avon is […] mass cosmetics”;84 and a
         competitor stated that “Avon occupies the mass segment, The Body Shop retails
         masstige products, and Aesop sells products ranging from entry premium (facial
         moisturizers, for example) to premium (such as deodorants and toothpaste).”85
(75)     At the end, based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the Parties
         only give rise to affected markets with regard to mass fragrances and mass
77  Form CO, paragraph 212.
78  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 5 and 12; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 5 and12; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    questions 5 and 12.
79  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 6; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 6; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 6.
80  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 9.1 and 9.2; Replies to questionnaire to
    franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 9.1 and 9.2; Replies to questionnaire to
    consultants (Q3), questions 9.1 and 9.2.
81  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 7; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    question 7.
82  Replies to questionnaire to franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 7.
83  Form CO, paragraphs 94 and 105.
84  Replies to questionnaire to franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 7.1.
85  Minutes of the interview with a competitor of 7 October 2019.
                                                           13
 ---pagebreak---          fragrances for women in certain EEA Member States. As a result, only these
         segments will be further assessed in Section 5 of this Decision.
4.2.10.4. Conclusion
(76)      The precise product market definition can be left open since the Transaction does
         not give rise to serious doubts as to its compatibility with the internal market or the
         functioning of the EEA Agreement under any plausible product market definition.
4.2.11. Bath and Shower products
(77)     Bath and shower products contain emulsions of water, with a detergent base, that is
         used to cleanse the skin. These products commonly contain fragrances or
         moisturising ingredients.
(78)     Bath additives include a wide range of products such as foams, gels, oils, crème,
         bubble bath, pearls and beads, bath milk, bath salts and bath bombs; they consist of
         minerals or oils that are added to bathwater, also as a means of cleansing and
         rejuvenating the skin.
4.2.11.1. The Commission’s precedents
(79)     In previous decisions, the Commission considered that bath and shower products
         may constitute a separate product market.86 The Commission also considered a
         further segmentation between bath products and shower products (in certain member
         states),87 and a further segmentation by gender into male shower gels.88 The
         Commission has also considered a possible segmentation for mass products by the
         type of retail outlet (speciality stores, supermarkets, pharmacies, etc.).89 However,
         the precise market definition was left open.
4.2.11.2. Natura’s views
(80)     In line with Commission’s precedents, Natura acknowledges a distinct bath and
         shower product market but does not consider appropriate to consider any further
         segmentations. In particular, Natura claims that bath additives offer the consumer the
         same core properties as bath and shower products (i.e. cleansing, fragrance).90
4.2.11.3. The Commission’s assessment
(81)     The market investigation confirmed the segmentation of beauty and personal care
         products by categories based on substitutability considerations in terms of price or
         product characteristics, including with respect to bath and shower products. The
         majority of respondents that expressed an opinion indicated that there is a separate
86  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recital 1083.
87  Commission decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever/Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658), recitals 1070-1076.
    The question was left open in M.7726 – Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business, 2016,
    paragraphs 80-81.
88  Commission decision of 31May 2006, L’Oréal/The Body Shop (M.4193), recital 9. The question was left
    open in Commission’s decision of 17 November 2010, Unilever / Sara Lee Body Care (M.5658),
    recitals 1077-1083.
89  Commission decision of 7 April 2005, AS Watson/Marionnaud (M.3716), recital 6.
90  Form CO, paragraphs 122-134.
                                                    14
 ---pagebreak---          market for bath and shower products.91 In contrast, the majority of respondents that
         expressed an opinion indicated that bath additives are part of a broader bath and
         shower product market.92
(82)     Based on the information provided by Natura, the activities of the Parties do not give
         rise to affected markets with regard to bath and shower products at a national level.
         Affected markets would only arise in certain EEA Member States when considering
         specifically the hypothetical segment of bath additives. As a result, notably in view
         of the high reported market shares of the Parties, only that segment will be further
         assessed in Section 5 of this Decision.
4.2.11.4. Conclusion
(83)     The precise product market definition can be left open since the Transaction does not
         give rise to serious doubts as to its compatibility with the internal market or the
         functioning of the EEA Agreement under any plausible product market definition.
5.       COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT
(84)     The Transaction gives rise to horizontally affected markets in two segments of the
         fragrances market, namely mass fragrances and mass fragrances for women. For the
         sake of completeness and in view of the Parties’ high reported market shares, the
         Commission will also assess a hypothetical market for bath additives within bath and
         shower products.
5.1.     Fragrances
(85)     The overlaps between the Parties’ activities give rise to affected markets: (i) for
         mass-market (or simply “mass”) fragrances in Hungary, Poland, Romania and the
         United Kingdom; and (ii) for mass fragrances for women in Greece, Hungary,
         Poland, Romania and the United Kingdom. No affected markets arise in other
         Member States, clusters of Member States or at EEA level in relation to mass
         fragrances, mass fragrances for women or fragrances in general, including other
         possible segments.
5.1.1. Natura’s views
(86)     Natura submits that there are no affected markets in the overall market for fragrances
         or in narrower sub-segments given that Avon sells mass-market fragrances, while
         Natura primarily sells its own branded fragrances through Aesop and The Body
         Shop, which are positioned at different/higher price points. Thus, there would be no
         overlap between the activities of the Parties.
(87)     Nonetheless, the Parties provide market share data based on Euromonitor data,93
         which classifies Aesop’s and The Body Shop’s sales of fragrances as mass-market
91  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 5; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 5.
92  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 10; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 10; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 10.
                                                          15
 ---pagebreak---         products. Natura considers that, even on the basis of Euromonitor data, the
        Transaction would not give rise to any competition concerns because the Parties are
        not close competitors; the market is highly fragmented and the merged entity will
        continue to face fierce competition from a range of competitors. Thus, consumers
        will continue to have considerable choice post-transaction.
5.1.2. The Commission’s assessment
5.1.2.1. Mass-market fragrances
(88)    The activities of the Parties in the plausible market for mass fragrances give rise to
        horizontally affected markets in Hungary, Poland, Romania and the United
        Kingdom; however, the Commission considers that the Transaction is unlikely to
        raise serious doubts for the following reasons.
(89)    First, Natura is a small player in mass-market fragrances. The Transaction gives rise
        to very limited increments (less than [0-5]%) of Avon’s market shares in Hungary,
        Poland and Romania and to a moderate increment of [5-10]% in the United
        Kingdom. After the Transaction the combined market shares of the Parties will be as
        follows: (i) in Hungary, [20-30]%, with an increment of [0-5]%; (ii) in Poland,
        [20-30]%, with an increment of [0-5]%; (iii) in Romania, [30-40]%, with an
        increment of [0-5]%; and (iv) in the United Kingdom, [20-30]%, with an increment
        of [5-10]%. The Commission has no indications on the file that would hint at a
        significant change of the market shares of the Parties in the future.
(90)    Second, the data provided by the Parties and the results of the market investigation
        indicate that the competitive landscape in the market for mass fragrances is
        characterised by a number of strong global players, which are active across the EEA
        and in the national affected markets.
        (a)      In Hungary, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
                 pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market
                 fragrances, Coty ([20-30]%). Moreover, Yves Rocher and Puig will remain
                 significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged entity. According
                 to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had market shares
                 considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%). Furthermore, the merged
                 entity will also continue to face competition from L’Oréal and other smaller
                 competitors (e.g. Oriflame, Procter & Gamble, Unilever)94 that in 2018
                 represented together [50-60]% of the mass-market fragrances at a national
                 level.
        (b)      In Poland, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive pressure
                 from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market fragrances,
                 Coty ([20-30]%). Moreover, Yves Rocher and L’Oréal will remain
                 significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged entity. According
                 to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had market shares
93  The Commission has previously used data compiled by Euromonitor when assessing transactions in the
    market for fragrances (Commission decision of 30 July 2003, Procter & Gamble/Wella (M.3149),
    footnote 15; Commission decision of 16 February 2016, Coty/Procter & Gamble Beauty Business
    (M.7726), recitals 127 to 139).
94  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.1.
                                                         16
 ---pagebreak---                   considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%). Furthermore, the merged
                  entity will also continue to face competition from Puig and other smaller
                  competitors (e.g. Oriflame, La Rive)95 that in 2018 represented together
                  [40-50]% of the mass-market fragrances at a national level.
         (c)      In Romania, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
                  pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market
                  fragrances, Coty ([10-20]%). Moreover, Yves Rocher, L’Oréal and Puig will
                  remain significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged entity.
                  According to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had market
                  shares considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%). Furthermore, the
                  merged entity will also continue to face competition from other smaller
                  competitors (e.g. Oriflame)96 that in 2018 represented together [40-50]% of
                  the mass-market fragrances at a national level.
         (d)      In the United Kingdom, the merged entity will continue to face strong
                  competitive pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-
                  market fragrances, Coty ([10-20]%). Moreover, the merged entity will also
                  continue to face competition from other smaller competitors (e.g. Oriflame,
                  Unilever, Revlon)97 that in 2018 represented together [50-60]% of the mass-
                  market fragrances at a national level.
(91)     Moreover, the majority of the respondents that expressed an opinion in the market
         investigation on this point indicated that competition takes place at brand level.98 In
         that respect, a competitor stated that ‘Customers buy a brand or a product without
         knowing which supplier it belongs to.’99 Hence, on the supply side, competition is
         more intense than apparent from the number of suppliers and, on the demand side,
         choice is available among a variety of brands irrespective of the suppliers. Moreover,
         the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed an opinion
         indicated that customers regularly switch brands or they do not have particular brand
         loyalty to mass-market fragrances.100
(92)     Third, Natura claims that the Parties are not close competitors in terms of brand
         positioning, pricing, or sales channels. This is confirmed by the market investigation
         since the majority of the respondents that expressed an opinion did not identify
         Natura (including The Body Shop and Aesop) as a main competitor of Avon in
         Hungary, Poland, Romania or the United Kingdom.101
(93)     Fourth, as regards barriers to entry, the market investigation pointed to the time and
         costs required to build a significant market presence in terms of marketing and
95  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.1.
96  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.1.
97  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.1.
98  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 14; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 14; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 14.
99  Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 14.1.
100 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 18; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 18; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 18.
101 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 16.1 and 17.1; Replies to questionnaire to
    franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 16.1 and 17.1; Replies to questionnaire to
    consultants (Q3), questions 16.1 and 17.1.
                                                          17
 ---pagebreak---          distribution;102 however, in the last 5 years there have been new entries in the market
         of mass fragrances in all the affected markets, i.e. Hungary, Poland, Romania and
         the United Kingdom.103
(94)     Sixth, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed a
         view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive impact for
         fragrances in terms of price, quality and/or choice, as well as in terms of
         innovation.104
(95)     Therefore, based on the information available to the Commission and in view of the
         results of the market investigation, Commission considers that, with regard to the
         market of mass fragrances in Hungary, Poland, Romania and the United Kingdom,
         the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its compatibility with the
         internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement under any plausible market
         definition, whether comprising all fragrances together (irrespective of their
         positioning as mass or prestige, and irrespective of their target gender) or mass
         fragrances alone.
5.1.2.2. Mass-market fragrances for women
(96)     The activities of the Parties in the plausible market for mass fragrances for women
         give rise to horizontally affected markets in Hungary, Poland, Romania Greece and
         the United Kingdom However, the Commission considers that the Transaction in
         unlikely to raise serious doubts for the following reasons.
(97)     First, Natura is a small player in mass-market fragrances for women. The
         Transaction gives rise to very limited increments (less than [0-5]%) of Avon’s
         market shares in Hungary, Poland, Romania, to a small increment of [0-5]% in
         Greece and a moderate increment of [10-20]% in the United Kingdom. After the
         implementation of the Transaction, the combined market shares of the Parties will be
         as follows: (i) in Hungary, a combined share of [20-30]% with an increment: [0-5]%;
         (ii) in Poland, a combined share of [30-40]% with an increment [0-5]%; (iii) in
         Romania, a combined share of [30-40]% with an increment [0-5]%; (iv) in Greece, a
         combined share of [20-30]% with an increment of [0-5]%; and (v) in the United
         Kingdom, a combined share of [30-40]% with an increment of [10-20]%. The
         Commission has no indications on the file that would hint at a significant change of
         the market shares of the Parties in the future.
102 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 19; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 19.
103 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 20; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 20; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 19.
104 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    questions 31 and 32.
                                                          18
 ---pagebreak--- (98)    Second, the data provided by the Parties and the results of the market investigation
        indicate that the competitive landscape in the market for mass fragrances for women
        is characterised by a number of strong global players, which are active across the
        EEA and in the national affected markets.
        (a)      In Hungary, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
                 pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market fragrances
                 for women, Coty ([20-30]%). Moreover, Oriflame and Yves Rocher will
                 remain significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged entity.
                 According to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had market
                 shares considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%). Furthermore, the
                 merged entity will also continue to face competition from Puig and other
                 smaller competitors (e.g. Primor Kozmetikai Kft)105 that in 2018 represented
                 together [30-40]% of the mass-market fragrances for women at a national
                 level.
        (b)      In Poland, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive pressure
                 from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market fragrances for
                 women, Coty ([20-30]%). Moreover, Oriflame and Yves Rocher will remain
                 significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged entity. According
                 to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had market shares
                 considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%). Furthermore, the merged
                 entity will also continue to face competition from L’Oréal and other smaller
                 competitors (e.g. Sarantis Polska SA, La Rive, Estée Lauder)106 that in 2018
                 represented together [20-30]% of the mass-market fragrances for women at a
                 national level.
        (c)      In Romania, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
                 pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market fragrances
                 for women, Oriflame ([10-20]%). Moreover, Yves Rocher, Coty and L’Oréal
                 will remain significant sources of competitive constraint for the merged
                 entity. According to 2018 Euromonitor data, these two competitors had
                 market shares considerably higher than Natura’s share ([0-5]%).
                 Furthermore, the merged entity will also continue to face competition from
                 Puig and other smaller competitors that in 2018 represented together [20-
                 30]% of the mass-market fragrances for women at a national level.
        (d)      In Greece, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive pressure
                 from the number one competitor of Avon in mass-market for women
                 fragrances, Oriflame ([10-20]%). Moreover, the merged entity will also
                 continue to face competition from Coty, Yves Rocher and other smaller
                 competitors (e.g. Sarantis SA, Sklavenitis SA)107 that in 2018 represented
                 together [50-60]% of the mass-market fragrances for women at a national
                 level.
        (e)      In the United Kingdom, the merged entity will continue to face strong
                 competitive pressure from the number one competitor of Avon in
105 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.2.
106 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.2.
107 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.2.
                                                         19
 ---pagebreak---                   mass-market fragrances for women, Coty ([20-30]%). Moreover, the merged
                  entity will also continue to face competition from Oriflame and other smaller
                  competitors (e.g. Elizabeth Arden UK Ltd, Revlon)108 that in 2018
                  represented [30-40]% of the mass-market fragrances for women at a national
                  level.
(99)     Moreover, the majority of the respondents that expressed an opinion in the market
         investigation regarding this point indicated that competition takes place at brand
         level.109 In that respect, a competitor stated that ‘Customers buy a brand or a
         product without knowing which supplier it belongs to.’110 Hence, on the supply side,
         competition is more intense than apparent from the number of suppliers and, on the
         demand side, choice is available among a variety of brands irrespective of the
         suppliers. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that
         expressed an opinion indicated that customers regularly switch brands or they do not
         have particular brand loyalty to mass-market fragrances, including mass fragrances
         for women.111
(100) Third, Natura claimed that the Parties are not close competitors. As was already
         stated in section 5.1.2.1. for mass fragrances, the majority of the respondents in the
         market investigation that expressed an opinion did not identify Natura (including
         The Body Shop and Aesop) as a main competitor of Avon in Hungary, Poland,
         Romania, Greece or the United Kingdom.112
(101) Fourth, as regards barriers to entry, the market investigation pointed to the time and
         costs required to build a significant market presence in terms of marketing and
         distribution;113 however, in the last 5 years there have been new entries in the market
         of mass fragrances for women in all the affected markets, i.e. Hungary, Poland,
         Romania, Greece and the United Kingdom.114
(102) Sixth, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed a
         view indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive impact for
         fragrances in terms of price, quality and/or choice, as well as in terms of
         innovation.115
108 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 15.2.
109 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 14; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 14; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 14.
110 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 14.1.
111 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 18; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 18 and 18.1; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    question 18.
112 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 16.1 and 17.1; Replies to questionnaire to
    franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 16.1, 16.2, 17.1 and 17.2; Replies to
    questionnaire to consultants (Q3), questions 16.1, 16.2, 17.1 and 17.2.
113 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 19; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 19.
114 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 20.1; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 20.1; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    question 19.1.
115 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3),
    questions 31 and 32.
                                                          20
 ---pagebreak--- (103) Therefore, based on the information available to the Commission and in view of the
       results of the market investigation, Commission considers that, with regard to the
       market of mass fragrances for women in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Greece and the
       United Kingdom, the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its
       compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement
       under any plausible market definition, whether comprising all fragrances together
       (irrespective of their positioning as mass or prestige and irrespective of their target
       gender) or mass fragrances for women alone.
5.2.   Bath and Shower products
(104) The Parties’ activities overlap in the market for bath and shower products but give
       rise to hypothetical affected markets only in relation to bath additives in Greece,
       Finland and Portugal. No affected markets arise in other Member States, clusters of
       Member States or at EEA level in relation to bath additives or at the level of bath and
       shower products in general.
5.2.1. Natura’s views
(105) Natura submits that, even considering an hypothetical market for bath additives, the
       overlap between the Parties’ activities would not raise significant competitive
       concerns because: (i) Euromonitor data significantly overstate the market shares of
       the Parties at a national level and, even if there were correct, the market share
       increment brought by the Transaction is small, (ii) the Parties are not close
       competitors, and (iii) there is a large number of competitors supplying bath additives
       in the EEA that would be able to enter into the affected market if there were
       sufficient incentives.116
5.2.2. The Commission’s assessment
(106) The Commission considers that the Transaction in unlikely to raise serious doubts in
       the market for bath and shower products in Greece, Finland and Portugal, including
       any plausible market for bath additives, for the following reasons.
(107) First, in any hypothetical market for bath additives, the Transaction will give rise to
       moderate increments ([10-20]%) of the combined share of the Parties in Finland
       ([60-70]%, with an increment of [0-5]%), Greece ([80-90]%, with an increment of
       [5-10]%) and Portugal ([40-50]%, with an increment of [10-20]%). Moreover, in the
       broader market for bath and shower products, the Parties’ combined market shares
       are significantly lower in each of Finland ([5-10]%, increment of [0-5]% from
       Avon), Greece ([0-5]%, increment of [0-5]% from Natura) and Portugal ([0-5]%,
       increment of [0-5]% from Natura).
(108) Second, the data provided by the Parties and the results of the market investigation
       indicate that the competitive landscape in the market for bath and shower products is
       characterised by a number of strong global players, which are active across the EEA.
       (a)     In Finland, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
               pressure from the number one competitor of Natura in the supply of bath
116 Form CO, paragraph 246.
                                                  21
 ---pagebreak---                   additives, Yves Rocher ([10-20]%). Moreover, the merged entity will
                  continue to face competition from other smaller competitors (e.g. Estée
                  Lauder, Oriflame, Nu Skin, Yves Rocher)117 that in 2018 represented
                  together [10-20]% of the supply of bath additives at national level.
         (b)      In Greece, the merged entity will continue to face significant competitive
                  pressure from Oriflame, Puig and other smaller competitors that in 2018
                  represented together [10-20]% of the supply of bath additives at national
                  level.
         (c)      In Portugal, the merged entity will continue to face strong competitive
                  pressure from the number one competitor of Avon, Rituals ([10-20]%).
                  Moreover, Lobo do Val and Beiersdorf will remain significant sources of
                  competitive constraint for the merged entity, in particular the latter that also
                  sells bath additives in other EEA countries with shares above [10-20]%. In
                  addition, the merged entity will also continue to face competition from
                  Oriflame and other smaller competitors that in 2018 represented
                  together [20-30]% of the supply of bath additives at national level.
(109) Furthermore, in each of Finland, Greece and Portugal, the merged entity will
         continue to compete in the broader bath and shower product category with other
         suppliers selling bath additives in other EEA countries, in particular Unilever and
         Colgate-Palmolive that have individual market shares above [10-20]% in the supply
         of bath additives in several Member States.118
(110) In addition, the majority of the respondents that expressed an opinion in the market
         investigation on this point indicated that, in the market for bath and shower products
         and in particular in relation to bath additives, competition takes place at brand
         level.119 Hence, on the supply side, competition is more intense than apparent from
         the number of suppliers and, on the demand side, choice is available among a variety
         of brands irrespective of the suppliers. Moreover, the majority of the respondents to
         the market investigation that expressed an opinion indicated that customers regularly
         switch brands or do not have particular brand loyalty to bath and shower
         products/brands, including for bath additives.120
(111) Third, Natura claims that the Parties are not close competitors either in the broader
         bath and shower market or in the hypothetical bath additives segment. This is
         confirmed by the market investigation as the majority of the respondents that
117 Form CO, Annex 2 – Q11; Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 22.2.
118 Unilever market shares above [10-20]% in the plausible market for bath additives in Belgium, Czech
    Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovakia and the United Kingdom; Colgate-Palmolive
    has market shares above [10-20]% in the plausible market for bath additives in Belgium, Bulgaria,
    Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands.
119 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 21; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 21; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 20.
120 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 25; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 25; Replies to questionnaire to consultants (Q3), question 24.
                                                          22
 ---pagebreak---          expressed an opinion did not identify Natura (including The Body Shop and Aesop)
         as a main competitor of Avon and vice-versa in Finland, Greece or Portugal.121
(112) Fourth, as regards barriers to entry, the majority of the respondents to the market
         investigation that expressed a view indicated that there are no particular barriers to
         entry in the bath additives segment.122
(113) Fifth, the majority of the respondents to the market investigation that expressed an
         opinion indicated that the Transaction will have no impact or a positive impact in the
         supply of bath and shower products, including in relation to bath additives in terms
         of price, quality and/or choice, as well as in terms of innovation.123
(114) Therefore, based on the information provided by Natura and in view of the results of
         the market investigation, the Commission considers that, in relation to bath and
         shower products, the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts as to its
         compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA Agreement
         under any plausible market definition, thus including on hypothetical markets for
         bath additives in Finland, Greece and Portugal
6.       CONCLUSION
(115) The Commission concludes that the Transaction does not give rise to serious doubts
         as to its compatibility with the internal market or the functioning of the EEA
         Agreement, including in relation to the supply of mass fragrances, mass fragrances
         for women and bath additives.
(116) For the above reasons, the European Commission has decided not to oppose the
         notified operation and to declare it compatible with the internal market and with the
         EEA Agreement. This decision is adopted in application of Article 6(1)(b) of the
         Merger Regulation and Article 57 of the EEA Agreement.
                                                                For the Commission
                                                                (Signed)
                                                                Margrethe VESTAGER
                                                                Executive Vice-President
121 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 23.2 and 24.2; Replies to questionnaire to
    franchisees, distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 23.2 and 24.2.
122 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), question 26; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), question 26.
123 Replies to questionnaire to competitors (Q1), questions 34 and 35; Replies to questionnaire to franchisees,
    distributors and wholesalers (Q2), questions 34 and 35.
                                                          23