CELEX: 
Language: en
Date: 2019-05-03 00:00:00
Title: COMMISSION DELEGATED DECISION (EU) …/… supplementing Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards a common methodology and minimum quality requirements for the uniform measurement of levels of food waste

EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
            
            
               1.CONTEXT OF THE DELEGATED ACT
            
            
               The production, distribution and storage of food use natural resources and generate environmental impacts. Discarding food that is still edible or could be used as by-products in industry increases these impacts, and causes financial loss for consumers and the economy. According to the study under the FP7 programme FUSIONS, around 88 million tonnes of food are wasted annually in the EU, with associated costs estimated at 143 billion euros. In September 2015, as part of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a target of halving per capita food waste at the retail and consumer levels, and reducing food losses along production and supply chains. The EU and its Member States are committed to meeting this target.
            
            
               The Directive on Waste obliges Member States to monitor generation of food waste and to take measures to limit their generation. However, until present there is no harmonized method to measure food waste in the EU, which makes it more difficult for public authorities to assess its scale, origins, and trends over time. Addressing the measurement issue is an important step towards a better understanding of the problem, a coherent monitoring and reporting as well as coordinated EU level policy, in particular the setting of possible quantitative targets on reduction of food waste.
            
            
               Food waste is generated along the whole food supply chain: during primary production, processing and manufacturing, distribution, in restaurants and food services and at home. This makes it particularly hard to quantify it, as each stage of the food supply chain has significantly different food waste characteristics, sources of food waste and drivers behind food waste generation. 
            
            
               Currently collected data on waste, in particular data collected for the need of waste statistics does not contain detailed information of food waste amounts. This is due to the fact that very often food waste is collected mixed together with other waste. Moreover, as the data on waste is usually gathered at the phase of waste collection, they do not contain information about waste which is discarded outside the waste collection and treatment system. 
            
            
               For these reasons, there is a need for a separate act focused on measurement of food waste, which should be aligned as far as possible with existing schemes on data collection and provide a framework for further efforts from Member States to establish amounts of food waste generated. 
            
            
               2.CONSULTATIONS PRIOR TO THE ADOPTION OF THE ACT
            
            
               The work on the document was preceded by the EU FP7 research programme FUSIONS, which analysed different options concerning monitoring on food waste and issued a recommendation on food waste measurement for Member States.
            
            
               The outline of the document was first presented in November 2016 to the EU Platform on Food Losses and Food Waste. Between 2016 and 2018 exchanges have been held in the Platform and in the Platform's dedicated sub-group on food waste measurement (3 meetings). Following the political agreement between co-legislators on the Commission Proposal amending the Waste Framework Directive, representatives of Member States in the Expert Group on Food Losses and Food Waste as well as experts from the Expert Group on Waste (5 meetings) have been consulted on the draft legal act. 
            
            
               A four-week public consultation was held during which 34 feedbacks were submitted by means of an electronic form on the Better Regulation Portal by interested parties, including food business operators and industry associations by the deadline of 4 April 2019.
            
            
               The comments received reflected mostly the positions already expressed by the interested parties during the consultation phases described above, responding positively to the changes included during consultations, however suggesting in several cases the need for additional guidelines in the future. A frequent request was to include in the act voluntary monitoring of food losses and waste at farm level, including non-harvested plants. However, as the Member States are not yet ready to conduct such monitoring, this request was not taken into account for the time being. Likewise, comments related to general food waste policy rather than the specific provisions of the act have not been addressed in this act. 
            
            
               3.LEGAL ELEMENTS OF THE DELEGATED ACT 
            
            
               In accordance with Article 9(8) of the Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, the Commission is empowered to determine how food waste is measured and to set up minimum quality requirements for its uniform measurement.
            
            
               Article 1 clarifies the scope of the measurement of food waste. Article 2 sets up the provisions how the measurement is to be conducted in order to ensure that Member States are able to report up-to-date data on annual basis. 
            
            
               Article 3 concerns voluntary reporting of data which may include more granular data on food waste or other data related to food waste prevention.
            
            
               Article 4 provides for quality requirements to ensure the quality of measurement with a view to future improvements.
            
            
               COMMISSION DELEGATED DECISION (EU) …/…
            
            
               of 3.5.2019
            
         
         
            
               supplementing Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards a common methodology and minimum quality requirements for the uniform measurement of levels of food waste 
            
            
               (Text with EEA relevance)
            
            
               THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
            
            
               Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
            
            
               Having regard to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives
                  1
               , and in particular Article 9(8) thereof,
            
            
               Whereas:
            
            
               (1)Directive 2008/98/EC lays down an obligation for Member States to include food waste prevention into their waste prevention programmes and to monitor and assess the implementation of their food waste prevention measures by measuring the levels of food waste on the basis of a common methodology. The Commission is to establish that common methodology and set out minimum quality requirements for the uniform measurement of levels of food waste on the basis of the outcome of the work of the EU Platform on Food Losses and Food Waste.
            
            
               (2)The definition of 'food' laid down in Regulation (EC) No 178/2002
                  2
                encompasses food as a whole, along the entire food supply chain from production until consumption. Food also includes inedible parts, where those were not separated from the edible parts when the food was produced, such as bones attached to meat destined for human consumption. Hence, food waste can comprise items which include parts of food intended to be ingested and parts of food not intended to be ingested. 
            
            
               (3)Food waste does not include losses at stages of the food supply chain where certain products have not yet become food as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, such as edible plants which have not been harvested. In addition, it does not include by-products from the production of food that fulfil the criteria set out in Article 5(1) of Directive 2008/98/EC, since such by-products are not waste. 
            
            
               (4)Food waste is to be prevented and reduced along the whole food supply chain. As the types of food waste and the factors contributing to the generation of food waste differ significantly between the different stages of the food supply chain, food waste should be measured separately for each stage.
            
            
               (5)The attribution of food waste to the different stages of the food supply chain should be carried out in accordance with the common statistical classification of economic activities in the Union established by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council
                  3
                as "NACE Revision 2". In the absence of a pertinent NACE Rev. 2 classification, the attribution to "households" should be carried out by reference to point 1.2 of Section 8 of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council
                  4
               . 
            
            
               (6)While Commission Decision 2000/532/EC
                  5
                establishing a European List of Waste does not always allow for a precise identification of food waste, it can provide guidance for national authorities in the context of measurement of food waste.
            
            
               (7)Agricultural material referred to in Article 2(1)(f) of Directive 2008/98/EC and animal by-products referred to in Article 2(2)(b) of Directive 2008/98/EC are excluded from the scope of that Directive and should therefore not be measured as food waste. 
            
            
               (8)In order for the methodology to be practically applicable and in order for the burden resulting from monitoring to be proportional and reasonable, some waste streams, which are not expected to include food waste or include food waste in negligible amounts, should not be measured as food waste. 
            
            
               (9)To improve the precision of the measurement of food waste, non-food materials mixed together with food waste (e.g. soil or packaging) should be excluded from the mass of the food waste to the extent possible. 
            
            
               (10)There are several types of food, which are usually discarded as or with wastewater, such as bottled drinking and mineral water, beverages and other liquids. There are currently no methods for measuring such waste which would ensure sufficient levels of confidence and comparability of reported data. Therefore, such types of food should not be measured as food waste. However, MS should have the possibility to report information on these types of food on a voluntary basis.
            
            
               (11)While substances that are destined for use as feed materials referred to in Article 2(2)(e) of Directive 2008/98/EC are excluded from the scope of that Directive and should therefore not be measured as food waste, information on food originally intended for human consumption and then directed to animal feed (including former foodstuffs as defined in point 3 of Part A of the Annex to Commission Regulation (EU) No 68/2013
                  6
               ) is important for the understanding of material flows related to food and may be useful in planning a targeted food waste prevention policy. For this reason Member States should have the possibility to report this information in a uniform manner on a voluntary basis.
            
            
               (12)To enable a precise indication of the amounts of food waste generated at each stage of the food supply chain, Member States should carry out an in-depth measurement of the amounts of food waste. Such in-depth measurement should be conducted on a regular basis for each stage of the food supply chain and at least once every four years. 
            
            
               (13)Pursuant to Article 37(3) of Directive 2008/98/EC, Member States are to report amounts of food waste on a yearly basis. In order to ensure proportionality and to reduce administrative burden, Member States should be provided with a range of methods for the measurement of food waste for the purposes of those yearly reports, including the existing analyses of food waste generation, new dedicated studies on food waste as well as data collected for waste statistics or reporting obligations on waste and other socio-economic data, or a combination of those options. As far as possible, established sources of data such as the European statistical system, should be used. 
            
            
               (14)In order to ensure uniform monitoring of material flows in the food supply chain in the context of a targeted food waste prevention policy, it should be ensured that Member States which decide to measure food waste in more detail or to extend the coverage of the measurement into related material flows, can do so in a uniform way.
            
         
         
            
               (15)In order to allow for verification of reported data and improvement of measurement methods and in order to ensure the comparability of those methods, Member States should provide additional information linked to the methods of measurement and the quality of the collected data,
            
            
               HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 
            
            
               Article 1
                  Scope of measurement of food waste 
            
            
               1.The amounts of food waste shall be measured separately for the following stages of the food supply chain: 
            
            
               (a)primary production; 
            
            
               (b)processing and manufacturing; 
            
            
               (c)retail and other distribution of food; 
            
            
               (d)restaurants and food services; 
            
            
               (e)households. 
            
            
               2.Food waste shall be attributed to each of the stages of the food supply chain referred to in paragraph 1 in accordance with Annex I. 
            
            
               3.The measurement shall cover food waste that is classified under the waste codes referred to in Annex II or under any other waste code for waste that includes food waste.
            
            
               4.The measurement of food waste shall not cover the following items:
            
            
               (a)agricultural material referred to in Article 2(1)(f) of Directive 2008/98/EC; 
            
            
               (b)animal by-products referred to in Article 2(2)(b) of Directive 2008/98/EC; 
            
            
               (c)food waste residues collected within packaging waste classified under waste code "15 01 – Packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)” in the European list of waste as established in Decision 2000/532/EC; 
            
            
               (d)food waste residues collected within waste classified under waste code: “20 03 03 – Street cleaning residues” in the European list of waste as established in Decision 2000/532/EC; 
            
            
               (e)non-food materials that are mixed together with food waste when collected, to the extent possible.
            
            
               5.The measurement of food waste shall not cover the following items, without prejudice to the voluntary measurement referred to in Article 3:
            
            
               (a)food waste drained as or with wastewater;
            
            
               (b)substances that are destined for use as feed materials referred to in Article 2(2)(e) of Directive 2008/98/EC. 
            
         
         
            
               Article 2
               Methodology for the measurement of food waste 
            
            
               1.Member States shall measure each year the amount of food waste generated in a full calendar year. 
            
            
               2.Member States shall measure the amount of food waste for a given stage of the food supply chain using the methodology set out in Annex III at least once every four years.
            
            
               3.When the methodology set out in Annex III is not used, Member States shall measure the amount of food waste for a given stage of the food supply chain using the methodology set out in Annex IV. 
            
            
               4.For the first reporting period, as referred to in the third subparagraph of Article 37(3) of Directive 2008/98/EC, Member States shall measure the amount of food waste for all stages of the food supply chain using the methodology set out in Annex III. For that period, Member States may use data already collected under existing arrangements for the year 2017 or later. 
            
            
               5.The amounts of food waste shall be measured in metric tons of fresh mass.
            
            
               Article 3
               Voluntary measurement
            
            
               Member States may measure and provide the Commission with further data related to food waste levels as well as data related to food waste prevention. Such data may include the following:
            
            
               (a)amounts of food waste regarded as composed of parts of food intended to be ingested by humans;
            
            
               (b)amounts of food waste drained as or with wastewaters;
            
            
               (c)amounts of food which has been redistributed for human consumption as referred to in Article 9(1)(h) of Directive 2008/98/EC;
            
            
               (d)amounts of food no longer intended for human consumption placed on the market for transformation into feed by a feed business operator as defined in Article 3(6) of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002; 
            
            
               (e)former foodstuffs as defined in point 3 of Part A of the Annex to Commission Regulation (EU) No 68/2013.
            
            
               Article 4
                  Minimum quality requirements
            
            
               1.Member States shall take appropriate measures to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the measurements of food waste. In particular, Member States shall ensure that: 
            
            
               (a)the measurements conducted in accordance with the methodology set out in Annex III are based on a representative sample of the population to which its results are applied, and adequately reflect the variations in the data on food waste amounts to be measured; 
            
            
               (b)the measurements conducted in accordance with the methodology set out in Annex IV are based on the best information available. 
            
            
               2.Member States shall provide the Commission with information on the methods used for measurement of food waste for each of the stages of the food supply chain and on any significant modifications to the methods used in comparison with the methods used for a previous measurement. 
            
            
               Article 5
                  Entry into force
            
            
               This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
            
         
         
            
               Done at Brussels, 3.5.2019
            
            
               
                     For the Commission
               
               
                     The President
                     Jean-Claude JUNCKER
               
               
            
         
         
            
                  
                     (1)
                  
                        Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3). 
               
               
                  
                     (2)
                  
                        Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety (OJ L 31, 1.2.2002, p. 1–24).
               
               
                  
                     (3)
                  
                        Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains
                     (OJ L393, 30.12.2006, p. 1).
               
               
                  
                     (4)
                  
                        Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2002 on waste statistics (OJ L 332, 9.12.2002, p. 1).
               
               
                  
                     (5)
                  
                        Commission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3).
               
               
                  
                     (6)
                  
                        Commission Regulation (EU) No 68/2013 of 16 January 2013 on the Catalogue of feed materials
                     (
                  OJ L 29, 30.1.2013, p. 1
                  ).
               
            
      
    ---documentbreak--- 
      
         
         
            
               ANNEX I
            
            
               Attribution of food waste to the different stages of the food supply chain
            
            
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Activity which generates waste
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Stages of the food supply chain
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Relevant item in Waste Statistics
                           1
                         which include given stage of food supply chain
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Relevant NACE Rev. 2 code
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Description 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Primary production
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Part of Item 1
                     
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Section A
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Agriculture, forestry and fishing 
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 01
                     
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities 
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 03
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Fishing and aquaculture
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Processing and manufacturing
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Part of Item 3 
                     
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Section C
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Manufacturing
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 10
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Manufacture of food products
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 11
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Manufacture of beverages
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Retail and other distribution of food
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Part of Item 17
                     
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Section G
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 46
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 47
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Restaurants and food services
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Part of Item 17
                     
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Section I 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Accommodation and food service activities
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 55
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Accommodation
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Division 56
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Food and beverage service activities
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Sections N, O, P, Q, R, S
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Divisions covering activities in which food services are provided (such as staff catering, healthcare, education, travel catering). 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Households
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Item 19
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        "Households" as referred to in Annex I Section 8 point 1.2 to Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 on waste statistics
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Waste generated by households
                     
                  
               
               ANNEX II
            
            
               Waste codes included in the European list of waste
                  2
                for types of waste which typically include food waste
            
            
               Primary production
            
            
                     
                        02 01 02
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Animal tissue waste
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 01 03 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Plant tissue waste
                     
                  
               
               Processing and manufacturing
            
            
                     
                        02 02 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from the preparation and processing of meat, fish and other foods of animal origin
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 03
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from fruit, vegetables, cereals, edible oils, cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco preparation and processing; conserve production; yeast and yeast extract production, molasses preparation and fermentation
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 04
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from sugar processing
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 05
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from the dairy products industry
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 06
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from the baking and confectionery industry
                     
                  
               
                     
                        02 07
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        wastes from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa)
                     
                  
               
               Retail and other distribution of food 
            
            
                     
                        20 01 08 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 01 25 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        edible oil and fat
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 03 01
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        mixed municipal waste
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 03 02
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        waste from markets
                     
                  
               
                     
                        16 03 06 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05
                     
                  
               
               Restaurants and food services
            
            
                     
                        20 01 08 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 01 25 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        edible oil and fat
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 03 01
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        mixed municipal waste
                     
                  
               
               Households
            
            
                     
                        20 01 08 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 01 25 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        edible oil and fat
                     
                  
               
                     
                        20 03 01
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        mixed municipal waste
                     
                  
               
            
               ANNEX III
            
            
               Methodology for the in-depth measurement of food waste 
            
            
               The amount of food waste within a stage of the food supply chain shall be established by measuring food waste generated by a sample of food business operators or households in accordance with any of the following methods or a combination of those methods or any other method equivalent in terms of relevance, representativeness and reliability.
            
         
         
            
                     
                        Stage of the food supply chain
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Methods of measurement
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Primary production
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Direct measurement
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Mass balance
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Questionnaires and interviews
                     
                     
                     
                        ·Coefficients and production statistics.
                     
                     
                     
                        ·Waste composition analysis
                     
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Processing and manufacturing
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Retail and other distribution of food
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Waste composition analysis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Counting/ scanning
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Restaurants and food services
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Diaries
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Households
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·
                     
                  
               
               Description of the methods
            
            
               Methods based on direct access to food waste/direct measurement 
            
            
               The following methods shall be used by an entity with direct (physical) access to food waste in order to measure the food waste or to carry out an approximation: 
            
            
               ·Direct measurement (weighing or volumetric assessment)
            
            
               Use of a measuring device to determine the mass of samples of food waste or fractions of total waste, directly or determined on the basis of volume. It includes measurement of separately collected food waste.
            
            
               ·Scanning / Counting 
            
            
               Assessment of the number of items that make up food waste, and use of the result to determine the mass. 
            
            
               ·Waste composition analysis
            
            
               Physical separation of food waste from other fractions in order to determine the mass of the fractions sorted out. 
            
            
               ·Diaries 
            
            
               An individual or group of individuals keeps a record or log of food waste information on a regular basis. 
            
            
               Other methods
            
            
               The following methods shall be used when there is no direct (physical) access to food waste or when direct measurement is not feasible: 
            
            
               ·Mass balance 
            
            
               Calculation of the amount of food waste on the basis of the mass of inputs and outputs of food into and out of the measured system, and processing and consumption of food within the system.
            
            
               ·Coefficients
            
            
               Use of previously established food waste coefficients or percentages representative for a food industry sub-sector or for an individual business operator. Such coefficients or percentages shall be established through sampling, data provided by food business operators or by other methods.
            
            
               ANNEX IV
            
            
               Methodology for the measurement of food waste where an in-depth measurement in accordance with the methodology set out in Annex III is not used 
            
         
         
            
               When an in-depth measurement as referred to in Article 2 is not used, the amounts of food waste generated within a given stage of the food supply chain shall be measured by using any of the following methods or a combination of those methods:
            
            
               (a)Calculation of the amount of food waste on the basis of the latest available data on the share of food waste in a given stage of the food supply chain (established in accordance with Annex III) and total waste generation in that stage. The total waste generation in a given stage of the food supply chain shall be established on the basis of the data reported in accordance with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council
                  3
                for each of the stages of the food supply chain referred to in Annex I. In cases where such data is not available for a given year, the data for the previous year shall be used.
            
            
               (b)Calculation of the amount of food waste on the basis of socio-economic data relevant for the respective stages of the food supply chain. The calculation of food waste shall be based on the latest data on amounts of food waste generated within a stage of the food supply chain and the increase or decrease, in the period from the year of the latest measurement of that data to the current reporting period, of the level of one or more of the following socio-economic indicators:
            
            
                     
                        Stage of the food supply chain
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indicator
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Primary production
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Food production in agriculture, fishery and hunting
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Processing and manufacturing
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Production of processed food – based on PRODCOM
                           4
                         data. 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Retail and other distribution of food
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Turnover of food products
                     
                     
                        ·Population 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Restaurants and food services
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Turnover
                     
                     
                        ·Employment (in Full Time Equivalents) 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Households
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ·Population
                     
                     
                        ·Households disposable income
                           5
                        
                     
                  
               
               Member States may use other indicators, if they are better correlated with the generation of food waste within a given stage of the food supply chain. 
            
         
         
            
                  
                     (1)
                  
                        Point 1 of Section 8 of Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2002 on waste statistics (OJ L 332, 9.12.2002, p. 1).
               
               
                  
                     (2)
                  
                        Commission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3).
               
               
                  
                     (3)
                  
                        Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2002 on waste statistics (OJ L 332, 9.12.2002, p. 1).
               
               
                  
                     (4)
                  
                        Commission Regulation (EC) No 912/2004 of 29 April 2004 implementing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3924/91 on the establishment of a Community survey of industrial production (OJ L 163, 30.4.2004, p. 71).
               
               
                  
                     (5)
                  
                        As reported by Eurostat.