CELEX: 32019R1587
Language: en
Date: 2019-09-24 00:00:00
Title: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1587 of 24 September 2019 prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein

27.9.2019   
               
               
                  EN
               
               
                  Official Journal of the European Union
               
               
                  L 248/5
               
            
         COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2019/1587
         of 24 September 2019
         prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein
         THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
         Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
         Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (1), and in particular Article 4(6)(a) and (b) thereof,
         Whereas:
         
                     (1)
                  
                  
                     The purpose of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to guarantee their conservation by regulating trade in animal and plant species listed in its Annexes. The Commission may implement that Regulation by establishing restrictions to the introduction of specimens of certain species into the Union.
                  
               
                     (2)
                  
                  
                     The currently applicable list of species for which the introduction into the Union is prohibited was established in October 2017 by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915 (2).
                  
               
                     (3)
                  
                  
                     Taking into account relevant recommendations made by the CITES Standing Committee at its 69th and 70th meetings (3), and based on reports prepared for the EU Scientific Review Group (4), the Group has concluded that the conservation status of certain additional species listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 would be seriously jeopardised if their introduction into the Union from certain countries of origin is not prohibited (5). The introduction into the Union of specimens of the following species should therefore be prohibited:
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Pericopsis elata from Côte D'Ivoire;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Prunus africana from Equatorial Guinea.
                              
                           
               
                     (4)
                  
                  
                     Further taking into account the secession of South Sudan from Sudan on 9 July 2011 and its admission as a new Member State by the United Nations General Assembly on 14 July 2011, to maintain the provisions that were already in force with regard to the predecessor State, the introduction into the Union of specimens of the following species should also be prohibited:
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Torgos tracheliotus from South Sudan.
                              
                           
               
                     (5)
                  
                  
                     Taking into account further recommendations made by the CITES Standing Committee at its 69th and 70th meetings, and also based on reports prepared for the Scientific Review Group (6), the Group has furthermore concluded that the prohibition of the introduction into the Union is no longer required for specimens of the following species:
                     
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Hippopotamus amphibius, Stangeriaceae spp. and Zamiaceae spp. from Mozambique;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Balearica regulorum and Agapornis fischeri from Tanzania;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Poicephalus fuscicollis from Mali;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Phelsuma breviceps and Phelsuma standingi from Madagascar;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Naja atra, Naja kaouthia, Naja siamensis, Cuora galbinifrons, Heosemys annandalii and Heosemys grandis from Laos;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Stigmochelys pardalis from the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Hippocampus kuda from Viet Nam;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Pandinus roeseli (7) from Benin, Ghana and Togo;
                              
                           
                                 —
                              
                              
                                 
                                    Acanthastrea hemprichii, Favites halicora and Platygyra sinensis from Tonga.
                              
                           
               
                     (6)
                  
                  
                     The Scientific Review Group has furthermore concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information on nomenclature, the name of the species Ovis vignei bochariensis should be amended to Ovis aries cycloceros. This change in nomenclature does not affect the scope of the suspension already in force.
                  
               
                     (7)
                  
                  
                     The Scientific Review Group has finally concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information, the prohibition of the introduction into the Union of specimens of the family Cycadaceae from Mozambique should be amended so that it refers only to specimens of the species Cycas thouarsii of that family.
                  
               
                     (8)
                  
                  
                     Taking into account the conclusions of the Scientific Review Group, and — in the case of the species/country combinations referred to in (3) above — after consulting the countries of origin concerned in the context of the CITES Standing Committee, the list of species for which the introduction into the Union is prohibited should be updated and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915 should, for reasons of clarity, be replaced.
                  
               
                     (9)
                  
                  
                     The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora established pursuant to Article 18 of the Regulation,
                  
               HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
         
            Article 1
            The introduction into the Union of specimens of the species of wild fauna and flora set out in the Annex to this Regulation from the countries of origin indicated therein is prohibited.
         
         
            Article 2
            Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915 is repealed.
            References to the repealed Implementing Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation.
         
         
            Article 3
            This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
         
         
            This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
            Done at Brussels, 24 September 2019.
            
               
                  For the Commission
               
               
                  The President
               
               Jean-Claude JUNCKER
            
         
         
            (1)  OJ L 61, 3.3.1997, p. 1.
         
            (2)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915 of 19 October 2017 prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 271, 20.10.2017, p. 7).
         
            (3)  Implementation of Resolution Conf. 12.8 (Rev. CoP17) on Review of Significant Trade in specimens of Appendix-II species — Recommendations of the Standing Committee, Geneva, 6 May 2019, available at https://cites.org/sites/default/files/notif/E-Notif-2019-027.pdf
         
            (4)  Technical Report No 79/4/2/1 of May 2017 on the Amendments to SRG opinions: Including an overview of opinions for wildsourced Annex A species and opinions for former countries/territories; Technical Report No 80/4/2/2 of August 2017 on the Review of CITES-listed Ovis subspecies in Uzbekistan: evaluating the EU import suspension for Ovis vignei bochariensis; Technical Report No 82/4/2/2 of January 2018 on the Comparison of EU decisions and decisions formed at the 69th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, in the context of the Review of Significant Trade; Technical Report No 85/4/2/3 of November 2018 on the Comparison of EU decisions and decisions formed at the 70th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee.
         
            (5)  SRG meeting summaries are available at https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/b46ce9b8-0fe6-4aab-b420-0c31527ad866
         
            (6)  Technical Report No 82/4/2/2 of January 2018 on the Comparison of EU decisions and decisions formed at the 69th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, in the context of the Review of Significant Trade; Technical Report No 85/4/2/3 of November 2018 on the Comparison of EU decisions and decisions formed at the 70th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee.
         
            (7)  Suspension originally applicable to Pandinus imperator, from which Pandinus roeseli was split in 2017, following taxonomic changes adopted at the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES.
      
      
         
            ANNEX
            
               (1)   
               Specimens of species included in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited
               
                           Species
                        
                        
                           Source(s) covered
                        
                        
                           Specimen(s) covered
                        
                        
                           Countries of origin
                        
                        
                           Basis in Article 4(6), Point:
                        
                     
                           
                              FAUNA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           CHORDATA
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 MAMMALIA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              ARTIODACTYLA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Bovidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Capra falconeri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Hunting trophies
                        
                        
                           Uzbekistan
                        
                        
                           (a)
                        
                     
                           
                              CARNIVORA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Canidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Canis lupus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Hunting trophies
                        
                        
                           Belarus, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkey
                        
                        
                           (a)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ursidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Ursus arctos
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Hunting trophies
                        
                        
                           Canada (British Columbia), Kazakhstan
                        
                        
                           (a)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ursus thibetanus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Hunting trophies
                        
                        
                           Russia
                        
                        
                           (a)
                        
                     
                           
                              PROBOSCIDEA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Elephantidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Loxodonta africana
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Hunting trophies
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (a)
                        
                     
            
               (2)   
               Specimens of species included in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited
               
                           Species
                        
                        
                           Source(s) covered
                        
                        
                           Specimen(s) covered
                        
                        
                           Countries of origin
                        
                        
                           Basis in Article 4(6), Point:
                        
                     
                           
                              FAUNA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           CHORDATA
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 MAMMALIA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              ARTIODACTYLA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Bovidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Ovis aries cycloceros
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Uzbekistan
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cervidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cervus elaphus bactrianus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Uzbekistan
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Moschidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Moschus moschiferus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Russia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              CARNIVORA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Eupleridae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cryptoprocta ferox
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Felidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Panthera leo
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Ethiopia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Profelis aurata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Odobenidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Odobenus rosmarus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Greenland
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              PRIMATES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cercopithecidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cercopithecus dryas
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Democratic Republic of the Congo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Macaca fascicularis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Laos
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Piliocolobus badius (synonym Colobus badius)
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pitheciidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Chiropotes chiropotes
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guyana
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 AVES
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              CICONIIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Balaenicipitidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Balaeniceps rex
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              FALCONIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Accipitridae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Accipiter erythropus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Accipiter melanoleucus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Accipiter ovampensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Aquila rapax
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Aviceda cuculoides
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gyps africanus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gyps bengalensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Afghanistan, India
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gyps indicus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Afghanistan, India
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gyps rueppellii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gyps tenuirostris
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           India
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hieraaetus ayresii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, Guinea, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hieraaetus spilogaster
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Lophaetus occipitalis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Macheiramphus alcinus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Polemaetus bellicosus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Spizaetus africanus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Stephanoaetus coronatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Terathopius ecaudatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Torgos tracheliotus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trigonoceps occipitalis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Urotriorchis macrourus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Falconidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Falco chicquera
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Sagittariidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Sagittarius serpentarius
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              GRUIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Gruidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Balearica pavonina
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea, Mali, South Sudan, Sudan
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Balearica regulorum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Bugeranus carunculatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              PSITTACIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Psittacidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Agapornis pullarius
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Coracopsis vasa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Deroptyus accipitrinus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Suriname
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Poicephalus fuscicollis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Poicephalus gulielmi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, Congo, Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pyrrhura caeruleiceps
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Colombia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pyrrhura pfrimeri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Brazil
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pyrrhura subandina
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Colombia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              STRIGIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Strigidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Asio capensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Bubo lacteus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Bubo poensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Glaucidium capense
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Rwanda
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Glaucidium perlatum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon, Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ptilopsis leucotis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Scotopelia bouvieri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Scotopelia peli
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 REPTILIA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              SAURIA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Agamidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Uromastyx dispar
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mali, Sudan
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Uromastyx geyri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mali, Niger
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Chamaeleonidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Brookesia decaryi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Chamaeleo africanus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Niger
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Chamaeleo gracilis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Chamaeleo senegalensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           Snout to vent length greater than 6 cm
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Furcifer labordi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinyongia fischeri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinyongia tavetana
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros camerunensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros deremensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros feae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Equatorial Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros fuelleborni
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros montium
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros perreti
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros quadricornis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros serratus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros werneri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trioceros wiedersheimi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cordylidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cordylus rhodesianus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cordylus tropidosternum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cordylus vittifer
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Smaug mossambicus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Gekkonidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Phelsuma borai
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Phelsuma gouldi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Phelsuma hoeschi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Phelsuma ravenalla
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Scincidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Corucia zebrata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus albigularis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tanzania
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus beccarii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus dumerilii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus exanthematicus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           Greater than 35 cm total length
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus jobiensis (synonym V. karlschmidti)
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus niloticus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           Greater than 35 cm total length
                        
                        
                           Benin
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus ornatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus salvadorii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Varanus spinulosus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              SERPENTES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Boidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Calabaria reinhardtii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Candoia carinata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pythonidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Liasis fuscus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Morelia boeleni
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Python bivittatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Python molurus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Python regius
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              TESTUDINES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Emydidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Chrysemys picta
                           
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Live
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           (d)
                        
                     
                           
                              Geoemydidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cuora amboinensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia, Malaysia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cuora bourreti
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Laos
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cuora galbinifrons
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Heosemys spinosa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Leucocephalon yuwonoi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Malayemys subtrijuga
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Notochelys platynota
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Siebenrockiella crassicollis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Podocnemididae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Erymnochelys madagascariensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Peltocephalus dumerilianus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guyana
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Podocnemis unifilis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Suriname
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Testudinidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Centrochelys sulcata
                           
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Indotestudo forstenii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Indotestudo travancorica
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinixys erosa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Democratic Republic of the Congo, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinixys homeana
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           Greater than 8 cm straight carapace length
                        
                        
                           Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinixys nogueyi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           Greater than 5 cm straight carapace length
                        
                        
                           Benin
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinixys spekii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Kinixys zombensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Manouria emys
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Manouria impressa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Stigmochelys pardalis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Uganda
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Testudo horsfieldii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Kazakhstan
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trionychidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Amyda cartilaginea
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pelochelys cantorii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 AMPHIBIA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              ANURA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Conrauidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Conraua goliath
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cameroon
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Dendrobatidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Hyloxalus azureiventris
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Peru
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ranitomeya variabilis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Peru
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ranitomeya ventrimaculata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Peru
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantellidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantella aurantiaca
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantella cowani
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantella crocea
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantella pulchra
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mantella viridis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Microhylidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Scaphiophryne gottlebei
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 ACTINOPTERI
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              PERCIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Labridae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cheilinus undulatus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              SYNGNATHIFORMES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Syngnathidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus algiricus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Guinea, Senegal
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus barbouri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus comes
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus erectus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Brazil
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus histrix
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus kelloggi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus kuda
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China, Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippocampus spinosissimus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           ARTHROPODA
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 ARACHNIDA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              SCORPIONES
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Scorpionidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Pandinus imperator
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Benin, Ghana, Togo
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 INSECTA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              LEPIDOPTERA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Papilionidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Ornithoptera croesus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ornithoptera priamus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Ornithoptera victoriae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                            
                        
                        
                           Ranched
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           MOLLUSCA
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 BIVALVIA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              VENEROIDA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacnidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Hippopus hippopus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna crocea
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cambodia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna derasa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Fiji, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna gigas
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna maxima
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cambodia, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna noae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Fiji, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna rosewateri
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna squamosa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Cambodia, Fiji, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Tridacna tevoroa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tonga
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 GASTROPODA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              MESOGASTROPODA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Strombidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Strombus gigas
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Grenada, Haiti
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           CNIDARIA
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              
                                 ANTHOZOA
                              
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              HELIOPORACEA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Helioporidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Heliopora coerulea
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              SCLERACTINIA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           Scleractinia spp.
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Ghana
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Agariciidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Agaricia agaricites
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Haiti
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Caryophylliidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Catalaphyllia jardinei
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Solomon Islands
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphyllia divisa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphyllia fimbriata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphyllia paraancora
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphyllia paradivisa
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphyllia yaeyamaensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Plerogyra discus
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Plerogyra simplex (Plerogyra taisnei)
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Mussidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Blastomussa merleti
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cynarina lacrymalis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Scolymia spp.
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Tonga
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Pocilloporidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Seriatopora stellata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Indonesia
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Trachyphylliidae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Fiji
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              FLORA
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cycadaceae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cycas thouarsii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Mozambique
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbiaceae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia ankarensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia banae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia berorohae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia bongolavensis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia bulbispina
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia duranii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia fianarantsoae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia iharanae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia kondoi
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia labatii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia lophogona
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia millotii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia neohumbertii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia pachypodioides
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia razafindratsirae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia suzannae-marnierae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Euphorbia waringiae
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Madagascar
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Leguminosae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Pericopsis elata
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Côte d'Ivoire
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Orchidaceae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Cypripedium japonicum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China, South Korea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cypripedium macranthos
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           South Korea
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Cypripedium micranthum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           China
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Dendrobium bellatulum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Dendrobium nobile
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Laos
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Dendrobium wardianum
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Myrmecophila tibicinis
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Belize
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Phalaenopsis parishii
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Vietnam
                        
                        
                           (b)
                        
                     
                           
                              Rosaceae
                           
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                        
                            
                        
                     
                           
                              Prunus africana
                           
                        
                        
                           Wild
                        
                        
                           All
                        
                        
                           Equatorial Guinea
                        
                        
                           (b)