CELEX: 51981PC0476
Language: en
Date: 1981-09-28
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) opening, allocating and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for certain petroleum products falling within chapter 27 of the Common Customs Tariff, refined in Spain (1982)#Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) opening, allocating and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for other woven fabric of cotton falling within heading No 55.09 of the Common Customs Tariff, originating in Spain (1982) (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (81) 476
Vol. 1981/0144
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 ---pagebreak---   COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                   COM(81)476 final
                                                  Brussels , 28 September 1981
                                 Proposal for a
                           COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC )
        opening / allocating and providing for the administration of a
        Community tariff quota for certain petroleum products falling
        within chapter 27 of the Common Customs Tariff , refined in
                                   Spain ( 1982 )
                                  Proposal for a
                           COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC )
       opening , allocating and providing for the administration of a
       Community tariff quota for other woven fabric of cotton falling
       within heading No 55.09 of the Common Customs Tariff , originating
                                in Spain ( 1982 )
                 ( submitted to the Council by the Commission )
C0M(81 ) 476 final
 ---pagebreak---                                         EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM                 ■ ■
       1 . The    Agreement between the Community and Spain of 1970 provides for
i v the           opening of Community, tari ff quotas for the importation . into
              the Community bf the following products , originating 'in . Spain , at
              the quota duties specified below :
              CCT heading n° .       Product                    Annual Volume        . Quota duty
              Chapter 27     ; Certain petroleum products       1. 200 000 t )
                                                                                   ' 40% of the
              55.09 ;;         Other cotton fabrics          . ; 1 800 tj             CCT duties .
       2 . From 1 July 1977 these quota volumes have at first been increased
          ^ respectively to 1 400 000 tonnes and 1 900 tonnes , and then they are
 ■            fixed to 1 424 000 tonnes and 2 013 tonnes by the protocol of adaptation .
  ;        . to take account of the accession of Greece to the Community . "
     , 3. The Regulations provide , in the usual way , for the splitting up of
              the quota volumes into two parts , of which the first will be allocated
              among the Member States as quota shares and the second will be kept
            . as a reserve .                . ^     '                                        /
       4., The allocation of the first part of each quota has been undartaken •
              according to the rules generally applied Thitherto . The total imports             _ "
              of each Member State for 1978 to 19'80 have been expressed as a
              proportion of total Community imports over the same period . The ,
              resulting percentages have been applied State by State to the volume of
              the first part , the last digit of the' number of metric tons being rounded off .
   • 5 . The proposed Regulation on other cotton fabrics provides for a single
   ;          method of administration, to be applied by all Member States , namely
   ^   t
              the
               «
                  " as and when " method . . "            ' . '    • •
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 2 -
  However , it is at present impossible to provide for a single method
  of administration (" as and when " or advance allocation ) of the quota
  for certain petroleum products .   The rules governing the market in
  these products vary from one Member State to another , with the effect
*
  that the Member States regard the application of a single method of
  administration as impossible .   In contrast to general practice ,
  therefore , each Member State will be empowered to administer its
  own share of the quota according to its own rules , while ensuring
  that all importers of the relevant products have free acces to the
  quota .
  Annexes : 2 proposals for Council regulations .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                         ANNEX A.
                                            Proposa l for a
                                        COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC) No                        / 81
                                                    of
                 opening, allocating and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for
                 certain petroleum products falling within Chapter 27 of the Common Customs Tariff and
                                                   refined in Spain ( 1 982 )
  THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN                                     allocation . should be in proportion to the
• COMMUNITIES,                                                    requirements of the Member States, calculated by
                                                                  reference to the statistics for imports from Spain over
                                                                  a representative period and also to the economic
  Having regard to the Treaty establishing^ the                   outlook for the quota period concerned ;
  European Economic Community, and in particular
  Article 1 1 3 thereof,
                                                                  Whereas, in respect of the last three years for which
  Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,              statistics are available, the corresponding imports by
                                                                  each of the Member States represent the following
                                                                  percentages of the imports into the Community from
  Whereas the European Economic Community                         Spain of the products concerned :
  concluded an Agreement with Spain on 29 June
  1970 (' );
                                                                           Member States                   I9?8 '   1979      1980
  Whereas under the said Agreement and the Protocol ( 2 )
  of a daptation between the Community and Spain                  Benelux                                 10-6      50-1      4,5 -
  consequent on the- accession of Greece to the
                                                                  Denmark
  Community the Community committed itself to                                                               –        –
                                                                                                                               -
  opening an annual total Community tariff quota of               Germany                                 13-9       3-9    . 2,0
  1 424 00 tonnes of certain petroleum products falling;          Greece                                    –        –
  within Chapter 27 of the Common Customs Tariff
  and refined in Spain ; whereas, the quota duty is equal         France                                  28-4       8-8    23,0
  to 40 % of the Common Customs Tariff duties ;                   Ireland                                   –        0-7
                                                                                                                               ■" '
  whereas this Community tariff quota should be
  opened for 1982 ;                                               Italy                                   31-4       9-8  . 17,9
                                                                  United Kingdom-                         15-7      26 -7   52,6
  Whereas it is in particular necessary to ensure for all
  Community importers equal and uninterrupted access
  to the abovementioned quota and uninterrupted
  application of the rate laid down for thiu quota to all         Whereas, in view of these factors, and of market
  imports of the product concerned into all Member                 forecasts for the products concerned and in particular
  States until the quota has been used up ; whereas,               of the estimates submitted by certain Member States,
  having regard to the above principles, the Community             initial quota shares may be fixed approximately at the
  nature of the quota can be respected by allocating the           following percentages :           >
  Community tariff quota among the Member States ;
  whereas, to reflect as accurately as possible the true
  trend of the market in the products in question, such                                                       22-38
                                                                           Bénélux
                                                                           Denmark                             7-00
                                                                           Germany                            42-10
  (') OJ No L 182, 16. 8 . 1970, p. 1 .
   ( 2 ) 0J No L
 ---pagebreak---                                                        - 2 -                                  ANNEX A
        Greece                                    0-17                volume has been used up and to inform the Member
        France                                    5-96                States thereof ;
        Ireland                                   0 • 45
                                                                      Whereas if, at a given date in the quota period , a
        Italy                                     6-14                substantial quantity of an initial share remains unused
        United Kingdom                         15-80                  in any Member State, it is essential that that Member
                                                                      State should return a significant proportion to the
Whereas, in order to take into account import trends                  reserve, to prevent a part of any Community tariff
for the products concerned in the various Member                      quota from remaining unused in one Member State
States, the quota volume should be divided into two                   when it could be used in others ;
instalments, the first being shared between the
Member States' and the second constituting a reserve                  Whereas, since the Kingdom of Belgium, the
to cover at a later date the requirements of Member                   Kingdom of the Netherlands and the - Grand Duchy
States, which have used up their initial quota shares ;,              of Luxembourg are united within and jointly
whereas to give importers in each Member State a                      represented by the Benelux Economic Union , any
certain degree of security, the first instalment of the               operation relating to the administration of the quota
Community quota might under the present circum­                       shares allocated to that economic union may be
stances be fixed at about SO % of the quota ;                         carried out by any of its members,
                                                                                                                        S
Whereas the Member States' initial shares may be                      HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION :
used up at different times ; whereas, in order to take
this fact into account and avoid any break in
continuity, any Member State which has almost used                                              Article 1
up its initial quota share, should draw an additional
share from the reserve ; whereas this must be done by                 From 1 January to 31 December 1981 and subject to
each Member State as and when each of its additional                   the measures which might be taken pursuant to
shares is almost used up, and repeated as many times                  Article 3 (2) and (4) of Annex I to the Agreement
as the reserve allows ; whereas the initial and                        between the European Economic Community and
additional shares must be valid until the end of the                   Spain, the Common Customs Tariff duties in respect
quota period ; whereas this method of administration                   of the products refined in Spain and listed below shall
requires close cooperation between the Member                          be suspended partially at the levels indicated for each
States and the Commission , and the latter must be in              , of them , within the limits of a global Community
a position to monitor the extent to which the quota                    tariff quota -of 1 424 000 tonnes :
                   CCT                                                                                    Rate of
                  heading                                   Description                                    duly
                    No                                                                                     ( %)
                '  27.10       Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals , other
                               than crude ; preparations not elsewhere specified or included,
                               containing not less than 70 °/o by weight of petroleum oils or of                  •
                               oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic
                               constituents of the preparations : . .
                               A. Light oils :
                                   III. For other purposes                                                 2-4
                               B. Medium oils :
                                   III. For other purposes                                                 2-4
                               C. Heavy oils :
                                     I. Gas oil :         '  '           "
                                        c) For.other purposes                                              1-4
                                  . II. Fuel oil :
                                        c) For other -purposes                             ■               1-4
              (a) Entry under this - subheading is subject to conditions to be determined by the competent'
                  authorities. .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                    - 3 -                                        ANNEX A.
                    CCT                                                                                         Raie of
                  heading                                      Description                                       duty '
                     No                                                                                           (%)
                   27.10         C. III. Lubricating oils ; other oils :
                  (cont'd)                c) To be mixed in accordance with the terms of
                                               Additional Note 7 to this Chapter (a)                               1-6
                                          d) For other purposes                                                   2-4
                   27.11         Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons :
                                 B. Other :
                                       I. Commercial propane and commercial butane :
                                          c) For other purposes                                                   0-6
                   27.12         Petoleum jelly :
                                                                                                                    "
                                 A. Crude :                                '
                                     III. For other purposes                                                      o7
                                                                                                                        \
                                 B. Other                                                                        _2·Λ
                   27.13         Paraffin wax, micro-crystalline wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite
                                 wax, peat wax ^nd other mineral waxes, whether or not                           •    τ ,· ν
                                 coloured :
                                                        1                                              .
                                 B. Other :
                                       I. Crude :
                                          c) For other purposes                                                  ο·7
                                      II. Other                                                                  21
                   27.14         Petroleum bitumen;· petroleum coke and other residues of
                                 petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals :
                                 C. Other :                                                      V
                                      II. Other                                                                  ο·7
Within the limits of this tariff quota, Greece shall                         2.    The second instalment, amounting to 712 000
apply duties calculated in accordance with the                              tonnes, shall constitute a reserve.
relevant provisions in the 1979 Act of Accession and
the Protocol of Adaptation.
                       '   Article 2                                                                  Article 3
1.    A first instalment, amounting tfo 712 000                              1.    If 90 % or more of a Member State's initial
tonnes of the Community tariff quota referred to in                         share as specified in Article 2 ( 1 ), or 90 % of that
Article 1 , shall be allocated among the Member                             share minus the portion returned to the reserve where
States ; the respective shares which, subject to Article                   Article 5 is applied, has been used up, then, to the
5 shall be valid until 31 December 198i , shall be as                       extent permitted by the amount of the reserve, that
follows :                                   •.    ~
                                                                            Member State shall forthwith, by notifying the
                                                ' (tonnes)                  Commission, draw a second share equal to 15 % of
        Bénélux                                  160 000                     its initial share, rounded up where' necessary to the
                                                                             next unit.
        Denmark                                     50 000
        Germany                                  299 400
       Greece                                      , 1  200                 2. If, after, its initial share has been used up, 90 %
                                                                           or more of the second share drawn by a Member
        France                                      42. 500                 State has been used up, that Member State shall, in
        Ireland-                                     3 200                  accordance      with   the   conditions     laid down in
                                                    43 700
                                                                         ' paragraph 1 , draw a third share equal to 7-5 % of its
       Italy                                                                initial share, rounded up where necessary to the next
       United Kingdom                            112 000                     unit.
 ---pagebreak---                                                     - 4 -                                  ANNEX A.
  3 . If, after its second share has been used up, 90 %        It shall inform the Member States, not later than
  or more of the third share drawn by a Member State           5 October 1982, of the amounts still in reserve after
  has been used up, that Member State shall, in                quantities have been returned thereto pursuant to
  accordance     with   the   conditions  laid  down    in     Article 5 .
  paragraph 1 , draw a fourth share equal to the third.
                                                               The Commission shall ensure that the drawing which
  This process shall continue until the reserve is used        uses up a reserve does not exceed the balance
  up-                                                          available and to this end shall notify the amount of
                                                               that balance to the Member State which makes such
  4 . By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 , 2 and           last drawing.
' 3, a Member State may »draw shares smaller than
  those fixed in those paragraphs if there is reason . to                              Article 7
  believe that these might not be used up. It shall
  inform the Commission of its reasons for applying
  this paragraph.                                              1 . Member States shall take all measures necessary
                                                               to ensure that supplementary shares drawn pursuant
                           Article 4
                                                               to Article 3 are opened in such a way that imports
                                                               may be charged ■ without interruption against their
                                                               accumulated shares in the Community tariff quotas.
  Each of the additional - shares drawn pursuant to
  Article 3 shall be valid until 31 December 1981 .
                                                               2. Member States shall ensure that importers of the
                                                               products in question established in their territory have
                                                               free access to the shares allocated to them .
                           Article 5
 The Member States shall return to the reserve , not           3 . .Member States shall charge imports of the
  later than 1 October 1982 such unused portion of             goods in question against their shares as and when
                                                               such goods are entered with the customs authbrities
  their initial share as, on 15 September 1981, is in          for free circulation.
  excess of 20 % of the initial volume. They may return
  a greater quantity if there are grounds for believing
  that it may not be used.                                                             Article 8
  Member States shall, not later than 1 October 1982 ,         At the request of the Commission, Member States
  notify the Commission of the total quantities of the         shall inform it of imports of the products concerned
  products in question imported up to* 15 September            actually charged against their shares.
   198 and charged against the Community tariff
  quota, and of any quantities of the initial shares                                   Article 9
  returned to the reserve .
                                                               The    Member States and        the  Commission     shall
                           Article 6                           cooperate closely in order to ensure compliance with
                                                               this Regulation.
  The Commission shall keep an account of the shares                      %
  opened by the Member States pursuant to Articles 2                                  Article 10
  and 3 and shall, as soon as it is notified, inform each
  Member State of the extent to which the reserve has          This Reglation shall enter into force on 1 January
  been used up.                              '                  1981.                                         •
                This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member
                States.                                                       v
                Done at Brussels,                        -        '              ••
                                                                                     For the Council
                                                                                       The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                  ANNEX B.
                                                    Proposa L for a
                                      COUNCíL KEGULATION (EEC) No                          / 81
                                                     OI
                 opening, allocating and providing for the administration of a Community tariff quota for
                 other woven fabrics of cotton falling within heading No 55.09 of the Common Customs
                                           Tariff and originating in Spain ( 1982 )
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN                                      to the requirements of the Member States calculated
 COMMUNITIES,                                                     by reference to the statistics of imports from Spain
                                                                  over a representative period and also to the economic
                                                                  outlook for the quota period concerned ;
 Having regard to the Treaty establishing the
 European Economic Community, and in particular
 Article 1 1 3 thereof,                           •               Whereas, during the last three , years for which
                                                                  statistics are available, the corresponding imports by
                                                                  each of the Member States represent the following
                                                                  percentages of the imports into the Community from
 Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,               Spain of the products concerned :
Whereas the European _ Economic Community con­                             Member States                   1978         1979 1980
 cluded an Agreement with Spain on 29 June 1970 (');
                                                                  Benelux          %               .    ·
                                                                                                            3-5         13-5 12,3
                                                                  Denmark                                   0-8          0-2  0,2
Whereas under the said Agreement and the Protocol(2 )                                                ».
 of adaptation between the Community and Spain .                 Germany                                    3-3          0-2  4,5
 consequent on the accession of Greece to the                    Greece                                     9-6          8-0
 Community the Community committed itself to                     France                                   60-3         64-6  75,4
opening an annual Community tariff quota of 2 013
tonnes of other woven fabrics of cotton falling within           Ireland                                    0-3          0-3  1,5
 heading No 55.09 of the Common Customs Tariff                   Italy                                      7-4          4-7  2,9
and originating in Spain ; whereas, the quota duty is .
equal to 40 % of the Common Customs Tariff duty                  United Kingdom                           14-8           8-5  3,2
 in respect of the products concerned ; whereas the
Community tariff quota contains quota duties of 5-0 ,
5-3, 5-3 andS.fcVo for the products falling within
subheadings 55.09 A I, A II, B I and B II respectively ;         Whereas, in view of these factors, of market forecasts .
whereas this Community tariff" quota should be                    for the products in question and in particular of the
opened for 1981;                                                 estimates submitted by certain Member States, initial
                                                                 quota shares may be fixed approximately at the
                                                                 following percentages :                              .
Whereas it is in particular necessary to ensure to all .                   Bénélux                                5-8
Community importers equal and uninterrupted access                         Denmark                               ,0-4
to the abovementioned quota and uninterrupted
application of the rate laid down for that quota to all                    Germany                                5-8
 imports of the products concerned into all Member                         Greece                                 5-8
 States until the quota has been used up ; whereas,                        France                               66-7
having regard to the principles mentioned above, the
                                                                           Ireland                                1-4
 Community nature of the quota can be respected by
 allocating the Community tariff quota among the                           Italy                                12-3
 Member States ; whereas to reflect as accurately as                       United Kingdom                         1-8
possible the true trend of the market in the products
 in question, such allocation should be in proportion
                                                                 Whereas in order to take into account import trends
                                                                 for the products concerned in the various Member
                                                                 States, the quota volume should be divided into two
(') OJNoL 182, 16. 8. 1970, p. 1 .                               instalments, the first .being shared among the Member
tóOJNoL
 ---pagebreak---                                                  - 2                                           ANNEX B.
States and the second constituting a reserve to cover                 a Member State , it is essential that that Member State
at a Inter date the requirements of those Member                      should return a significant proportion to the reserve ,
States having used up their initial quota shares ;                    to prevent a part of any Community quota from
whereas in o rter to give importers in each Member                    remaining unused in one Member State when it could
State a certain degree of securiy, the first instalment               be used in others ;
of the Community quota should under present
circumstances be fixed at 69 % of the quota ;                         Whereas since the Kingdom of Belgium , the
Whereas the Member States' initial shares may be                      Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Grand Duchy
used up at different times ; whereas, in order to take                of Luxembourg are united within and jointly
this fact into account and avoid any break in                         represented by the Benelux Economic Union, any
continuity, any Member State which has almost used                    operation concerning the administration of the quota
up its initial share, should draw an additional share                 shares allocated , to that economic union may be
from the reserve ; whereas this must be. don? by each                 carried out by any of its members,
Member State as and when each of its additional
shares is almost used up, and repeated as many times                 HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION :
9S the reserve allows ; whereas the initial and
additional shares must be valid until the end of the
quota period ; whereas this method of administration                                   \        Article î
requires close cooperation between the Member'
States and the Commission, and the latter must be in
a position to monitor the extent to which the quota                   From 1 January until 31 December 198^, t"e
volume has been used up and to inform the Member                      Common Customs Tariff duties in respect of the
States thereof;                                                       products originating in Spain and listed below shall be
                                                                      partially suspended at the levels indicated for each of
Whereas if, at a given date in the quota period, a sub­               them within the limits of a global Community tariff
stantial quantity of an initial share remains unused in               quota of 2 013 tonnes :
                  CCT
                 heading                                    Description                                 Rate of duty
                   No                                                                                       (»/«)
                  55.09        Other woven fabrics of cotton :
                              A. Containing 85 °/o or more by weight of cotton
                                   I.' Of a width of less than 85 cm                                        5-0
                                  II. Other                                                                 5 -3
                               B. Other :
                                   I. Of a width of less than 85 cm                                         5 -3
                                  II. Other                                                                 ΐτ.ς
Within the limits of this tariff quota, Greece shall                                                                 (tonnes)
apply duties calculated in accordance with the                                Bénélux                                    80
relevant provisions in the 1979 Act of Accession and                          Denmark                                      5
the Protocol of Adaptation.
                                                                              Germany                                    80
                                                                              Greece                                     80
                         Article 2                                            France                                    920
                                                                              Ireland                                    20
 1 . A first instalment amounting to 1 380 tonnes of                           Italy                                  : 170
the Community tariff quota referred to in Article 1 ,                         United Kingdom                              25
shall be allocated among the Member States ; the
respective shares, which sublet to Article 5 shall be                  2.   The second instalment, of 633 tonnes, shall
.valid until 31 December 1981, shall be as follows :                   constitute the reserve.
 ---pagebreak---                                                            - 3 -                                ANNEX B.
                            Article 3                        of the products in question imported up to
                                                             15 September 1981 and charged against the tariff
  l,     If 90 Vs e ? more of ft Member State's initial      quata and ef any quantitiei of the initial shares
  share as specified in Article 2 ( 1 ), or 90 % of that     returned to the reserve. .
  share minus the portion returned to the reserve where-
  Article 5 is applied , has been used up, then to the
  extent permitted by the amount of the reserve that
  Member State shall forthwith, by notifying the                                     Article 6
  Commission, draw a second share equal to' 15 % of
  its initial share, rounded up where necessary to the
  next unit.                                                 The Commission shall keep an account of the shares
                                                             opened by Member States in accordance with Articles
                                                             2 and 3 and shall, as soon as it is notified, inform
. 2. If, after its initial share has been used up, 90 %      each Member State of the extent to whjch the reserve
  or more of the second share drawn by a Member              has been used up.
  State has been used up, that Member State shall, in
  accordance      with  the    conditions laid, down    in
                                                             It shall inform the Member States, not later than
  paragraph 1 , draw a third share equal to 7-5'% of its     5 October 1981, of the amount in the reserve after
  initial share, rounded up where necessary to the next
  unit.                   '                                  quantities have been returned pursuant to Article 5.
  3. If, after its second share has been used up, 90 %       The Commission shall ensure that any drawing which
                                                             exhausts the reserve does not exceed the balance
  or more of the third share drawn by a Member State
  has been used up, that Member State shall, in              available and, to this end, shall notify the amount of
                                                             that balance to the Member State which makes such
  accordance with the same conditions, draw a fourth
  share equal to the third.                                  last drawing.                        .
  This process shall continue until the reserve is used
  up.                                           *                                    Article 7
                                                              1.   The Member States shall take all measures
  4. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 , 2 and
  3, a Member State may draw shares smaller than             necessary to ensure that additional shares drawn
  those fixed in those paragraphs if there is reason to      pursuant to Article 3, are opened in such a way that
  believe that these might not be used up. It shall          imports may be charged without interruption against
  inform the Commission of its reasons for applying          their accumulated shares of tlje Community quota.
  this paragraph.
                                                             2.    The Member States shall ensure that importers
                                                             of the products in question established in their
                                                             territory have free access to the shares allocated to
                            Article 4                        them.
  Each of the additional shares drawn pursuant to
  Article 3 shall be valid until 31 December 1981 .           3.   The Member States shall charge imports of the
                                                             said goods against their shares as and when the goods
                                                              are entered with the customs authorities for free
                                                             circulation .
                            Article 5
                                                              4.    The extent to which a Member State has used
  The Member States shall return to the reserve, not
                                                              up its share shall be- determined on the basis of the
                                                              imports charged in accordance with paragraph 3.
   later than 1 October 1981, such unused pomn of
   their initial share which , on 15 September 1981, is in
   excess of 20 % of the initial volume. They may return
   a larger quantity if there are grounds for believing^                              Article 8
   that it may not be used.                                            \
                                                              At the request of the Commission, Member States
   The Member States shall, not later than 1 October          shall inform it of imports of the products concerned
   •1982, notify the Commission of the total quantities       actually charged against their shares.
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 4 -                               ANNEX B.
                       Article 9                                                  Article 10
The Member States and the Commission shall                  This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 January
cooperate ciosely in order to ensure compliance with
this Regulation.
             This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member
             States.
             Done at Brussels,
                         \                                                       For the Council
                                                                                  The President