CELEX: 
Language: en
Date: 2017-10-19 00:00:00
Title: COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) …/... prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) …/...
            
            
               of 19.10.2017
            
            
               prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora
            
            
               THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
            
            
               Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
            
            
               Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein
                  1
               , and in particular Article 4(6) thereof,
            
            
               Whereas:
            
            
               (1)The purpose of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to guarantee their conservation by regulating trade in animal and plant species listed in its Annexes. The species listed in the Annexes include the species set out in the Appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora signed in 1973
                  2
                (the Convention) as well as species whose conservation status requires that trade from, into and within the Union be regulated or monitored.
            
            
               (2)Article 4(6) of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 provides that the Commission may establish restrictions to the introduction of specimens of certain species into the Union in accordance with the conditions laid down in points (a) to (d) thereof. 
            
            
               (3)On the basis of recent information, the Scientific Review Group established pursuant to Article 17 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 has concluded that the conservation status of certain species listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 would be seriously jeopardised if their introduction into the Union from certain countries of origin is not prohibited. The introduction into the Union of specimens of the following species should therefore be prohibited:
            
            
               Macaca fascicularis from Laos;
            
            
               Kinyongia fischeri and Kinyongia tavetana from Tanzania;
            
            
               Trioceros quadricornis from Cameroon;
            
            
               Hippocampus algiricus from Guinea and Senegal;
            
            
               Ornithoptera priamus from Solomon Islands (wild and ranched specimens)
            
            
               Pandinus imperator (ranched specimens) from Ghana;
            
            
               Phelsuma borai, Phelsuma gouldi, Phelsuma hoeschi and Phelsuma ravenala from Madagascar.
            
            
               (4)The Scientific Review Group has also concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information, the prohibition of the introduction into the Union of certain species listed in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 should no longer be required for specimens of the following species: 
            
            
               Falco cherrug from Bahrain.
            
         
         
            
               (5)The Scientific Review Group has also concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information, the prohibition of the introduction into the Union of certain species listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 should no longer be required for specimens of the following species: 
            
            
               Saiga borealis, Cypripedium macranthos, Orchis coriophora, Orchis pallens and Orchis ustulata from Russia;
            
            
               Hexaprotodon liberiensis, Cercopithecus pogonias, Cercopithecus preussi, Lophocebus albigena, Euoticus pallidus and Arctocebus calabarensis from Nigeria;
            
            
               Profelis aurata, Cercopithecus mona, Cercopithecus petaurista, Perodicticus potto and Chamaeleo gracilis (wild and ranched specimens (with snout to vent length greater than 8 cm)) from Togo;
            
            
               Hydrictis maculicollis from Tanzania;
            
            
               Zaglossus bartoni from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea; 
            
            
               Zaglossus bruijni from Indonesia;
            
            
               Alouatta guariba from Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil;
            
            
               Ateles belzebuth from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela;
            
            
               Ateles fusciceps from Colombia, Ecuador and Panama;
            
            
               Ateles geoffroyi from Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama;
            
            
               Ateles hybridus, Lagothrix lugens and Podocnemis lewyana from Colombia and Venezuela;
            
            
               Lagothrix lagotricha from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;
            
            
               Lagothrix poeppigii from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru;
            
            
               Cercopithecus erythrogaster from Benin and Nigeria;
            
            
               Cercopithecus erythrotis from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria;
            
            
               Cercopithecus hamlyni from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda; 
            
            
               Colobus vellerosus from Nigeria and Togo;
            
            
               Macaca cyclopis from Japan and Taiwan (POC);
            
            
               Piliocolobus badius from Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone;
            
         
         
            
               Galago matschiei and Balearica regulorum from Rwanda;
            
            
               Pithecia pithecia and Paleosuchus trigonatus from Guyana;
            
            
               Gyps bengalensis from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand and Viet Nam;
            
            
               Gyps indicus from Pakistan; 
            
            
               Gyps tenuirostris from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam;
            
            
               Leucopternis lacernulatus and Aratinga auricapillus from Brazil;
            
            
               Bugeranus carunculatus from South Africa; 
            
            
               Charmosyna diadema, Hippopus hippopus, Tridacna maxima and Tridacna squamosa from New Caledonia; 
            
            
               Agapornis nigrigenis from Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe;
            
            
               Hapalopsittaca amazonina from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela;
            
            
               Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops from Ecuador and Peru;
            
            
               Leptosittaca branickii from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;
            
            
               Poicephalus gulielmi from Côte d'Ivoire;
            
            
               Poicephalus robustus from Nigeria and Uganda;
            
            
               Psittrichas fulgidus from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea;
            
            
               Uromastyx dispar and Ophrys pallida from Algeria;
            
            
               Calumma ambreense, Calumma capuroni, Calumma cucullatum, Calumma furcifer, Calumma guibei, Calumma hilleniusi, Calumma linota, Calumma peyrierasi, Calumma tarzan, Calumma tsaratananense, Calumma vatosoa, Furcifer angeli, Furcifer balteatus, Furcifer belalandaensis, Furcifer monoceras, Furcifer nicosiai, Furcifer tuzetae, Phelsuma abbotti, Phelsuma antanosy, Phelsuma barbouri, Phelsuma berghofi, Phelsuma flavigularis, Phelsuma guttata, Phelsuma hielscheri, Phelsuma klemmeri, Phelsuma malamakibo, Phelsuma masohoala, Phelsuma modesta, Phelsuma mutabilis, Phelsuma pronki, Phelsuma pusilla, Phelsuma seippi, Phelsuma serraticauda, Uroplatus ebenaui, Uroplatus fimbriatus, Uroplatus guentheri, Uroplatus henkeli, Uroplatus lineatus, Uroplatus malama, Uroplatus phantasticus, Uroplatus pietschmanni, Uroplatus sameiti, Uroplatus sikorae, Mantella bernhardi, Mantella expectata and Mantella milotympanum from Madagascar; 
            
            
               Trioceros eisentrauti from Cameroon; 
            
            
               Phelsuma comorensis, Phelsuma laticauda and Phelsuma v-nigra from Comoros;
            
            
               Phelsuma dubia from Comoros and Madagascar;
            
         
         
            
               Boa constrictor from Honduras; 
            
            
               Python natalensis (ranched specimens) and Stigmochelys pardalis from Mozambique;
            
            
               Python reticulatus from Malaysia (Peninsular);
            
            
               Python sebae from Mauritania;
            
            
               Batagur borneoensis from Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand;
            
            
               Gopherus agassizii from the United States;
            
            
               Gopherus berlandieri from Mexico and the United States;
            
            
               Tridacna derasa from New Caledonia and Philippines;
            
            
               Galanthus nivalis from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland and Ukraine;
            
            
               Anacamptis pyramidalis, Barlia robertiana, Dactylorhiza romana, Ophrys holoserica, Ophrys tenthredinifera, Ophrys umbilicata, Orchis italica, Orchis morio, Orchis punctulata, Orchis purpurea, Orchis tridentata, Serapias cordigera, Serapias parviflora, Serapias vomeracea, Cyclamen intaminatum, Cyclamen mirabile, Cyclamen pseudibericum and Cyclamen trochopteranthum from Turkey;
            
            
               Cypripedium japonicum from Japan and North Korea;
            
            
               Cypripedium margaritaceum from China;
            
            
               Euphorbia guillauminiana, Pachypodium inopinatum, Pachypodium rosulatum and Pachypodium sofiense from Madagascar
            
            
               Orchis mascula (wild and ranched specimens) from Albania;
            
            
               Orchis simia from Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey.
            
            
               (6)The species Chitra chitra, Manis temminckii, Manis tricuspis, Macaca sylvanus, Psittacus erithacus and Psittacus erithacus timneh have recently been included in Appendix I to the Convention as well as in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97. The prohibition of the introduction into the Union for specimens of these species formerly listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is therefore no longer required: 
            
            
               Chitra chitra from Malaysia,
            
            
               Manis temminckii from the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
            
            
               Manis tricuspis fom Guinea;
            
            
               Macaca sylvanus from Algeria and Morocco;
            
         
         
            
               Psittacus erithacus from Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia and Nigeria
            
            
               Psittacus erithacus timneh from Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.
            
            
               (7)The species Trachemys scripta elegans, Callosciurus erythraeus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Oxyura jamaicensis and Lithobates catesbeianus have been removed from the Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97. The prohibition of the introduction into the Union for specimens of these species formerly listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is therefore no longer required:
            
            
               Trachemys scripta elegans, Callosciurus erythraeus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Oxyura jamaicensis and Lithobates catesbeianus from all countries of origin.
            
            
               (8)The countries of origin of the species which are subject to new restrictions to the introduction into the Union have all been consulted bilaterally or through the multilateral processes under the Convention.
            
            
               (9)At the 17th Conference of the Parties to the Convention, new nomenclatural references (splitting/lumping/renaming of taxa) for animals were adopted and should be reflected accordingly in Union legislation. These changes concern the species Poicephalus robustus/fuscicollis, Calumma linota/linotum, Cordylus/Smaug mossambicus, Cuora bourreti/galbinifrons/picturata, Geochelone/Centrochelys sulcata, Kinixys belliana/nogueyi/zombensis, Pandinus imperator/roesli, Tridacna maxima/noae, Trioceros quadricornis/eisentrauti as well as the class name Actinopteri.
            
            
               (10)The list of species for which the introduction into the Union is prohibited should therefore be updated and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/736
                  3
                should, for reasons of clarity, be replaced.
            
            
               (11)The Scientific Review Group has been consulted on this Regulation.
            
            
               (12)Applications for import permits for specimens of species for which import is restricted pursuant to Article 4(6) of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 shall be treated by Member States in accordance with Article 71 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 865/2006
                  4
               .
            
            
               (13)The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora established pursuant to Article 18 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97,
            
            
               HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
            
            
               Article 1
            
            
               The introduction into the Union of specimens of the species of wild fauna and flora set out in the Annex to this Regulation from the countries of origin indicated therein is prohibited.
            
            
               Article 2
            
            
               Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/736 is repealed.
            
            
               References to the repealed Implementing Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation.
            
            
               Article 3
            
            
               This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
            
            
               This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
            
            
               Done at Brussels, 19.10.2017
            
         
         
            
               
                     For the Commission
               
               
                     The President
                     Jean-Claude JUNCKER
               
            
         
         
            
                  
                     (1)
                  OJ L 61, 3.3.1997, p.1. 
               
               
                  
                     (2)
                  https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/disc/CITES-Convention-EN.pdf
               
               
                  
                     (3)
                  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/736 of 7 May 2015 prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 117, 8.5.2015, p. 25). 
               
               
                  
                     (4)
                  Commission Regulation (EC) No 865/2006 of 4 May 2006 laying down detailed rules concerning the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (OJ L 166, 19.6.2006, p.1).
               
            
      
    ---documentbreak--- 
      
         
         
            
               ANNEX
            
            
            
               I. Specimens of species included in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited
            
            
                     
                        Species
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Source(s) covered
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Specimen(s) covered
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Countries of origin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Basis in Article 4(6), Point:
                     
                  
               
                     
                        FAUNA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        CHORDATA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        MAMMALIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ARTIODACTYLA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Bovidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Capra falconeri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Hunting trophies
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Uzbekistan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (a)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        CARNIVORA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Canidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Canis lupus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Hunting trophies
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Belarus, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkey
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (a)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ursidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ursus arctos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Hunting trophies
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Canada (British Columbia), Kazakhstan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (a)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ursus thibetanus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Hunting trophies
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Russia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (a)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        PROBOSCIDEA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Elephantidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Loxodonta africana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Hunting trophies
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (a)
                     
                  
               
               II. Specimens of species included in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited
            
            
                     
                        Species
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Source(s) covered
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Specimen(s) covered
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Countries of origin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Basis in Article 4(6), Point:
                     
                  
               
                     
                        FAUNA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        CHORDATA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        MAMMALIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ARTIODACTYLA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Bovidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ovis vignei bochariensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Uzbekistan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cervidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cervus elaphus bactrianus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Uzbekistan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippopotamidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippopotamus amphibius
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Moschidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Moschus moschiferus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Russia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        CARNIVORA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Eupleridae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cryptoprocta ferox
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Felidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Panthera leo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ethiopia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Profelis aurata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Odobenidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Odobenus rosmarus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Greenland
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        PRIMATES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cercopithecidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cercopithecus dryas
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Democratic Republic of the Congo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Macaca fascicularis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Piliocolobus badius (synonym Colobus badius)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pitheciidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chiropotes chiropotes
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guyana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        AVES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ciconiiformes
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Balaenicipitidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Balaeniceps rex
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        FALCONIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Accipitridae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Accipiter erythropus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Accipiter melanoleucus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Accipiter ovampensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Aquila rapax
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Aviceda cuculoides
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gyps africanus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gyps bengalensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Afghanistan, India
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gyps indicus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Afghanistan, India 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gyps rueppellii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gyps tenuirostris
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        India 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hieraaetus ayresii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Guinea, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hieraaetus spilogaster
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Lophaetus occipitalis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Macheiramphus alcinus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Polemaetus bellicosus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Spizaetus africanus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Stephanoaetus coronatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Terathopius ecaudatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Torgos tracheliotus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Sudan, Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trigonoceps occipitalis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Urotriorchis macrourus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Falconidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Falco chicquera
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Sagittariidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Sagittarius serpentarius
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        GRUIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gruidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Balearica pavonina
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea, Mali, South Sudan, Sudan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Balearica regulorum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Bugeranus carunculatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        PSITTACIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Psittacidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Agapornis fischeri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Agapornis pullarius
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Coracopsis vasa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Deroptyus accipitrinus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Suriname
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Poicephalus fuscicollis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Mali, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Poicephalus gulielmi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Congo, Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pyrrhura caeruleiceps
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Colombia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pyrrhura pfrimeri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Brazil
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pyrrhura subandina
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Colombia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        STRIGIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Strigidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Asio capensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Bubo lacteus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Bubo poensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Glaucidium capense
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Rwanda
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Glaucidium perlatum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon, Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ptilopsis leucotis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scotopelia bouvieri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scotopelia peli
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        REPTILIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        SAURIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Agamidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Uromastyx dispar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mali, Sudan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Uromastyx geyri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mali, Niger
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chamaeleonidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Brookesia decaryi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chamaeleo africanus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Niger
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chamaeleo gracilis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chamaeleo senegalensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Snout to vent length greater than 6 cm
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Furcifer labordi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinyongia fischeri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinyongia tavetana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros camerunensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros deremensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros feae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Equatorial Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros fuelleborni
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros montium
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros perreti
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros quadricornis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros serratus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros werneri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trioceros wiedersheimi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cordylidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cordylus rhodesianus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cordylus tropidosternum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cordylus vittifer
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Smaug mossambicus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Gekkonidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma borai
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma breviceps
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma gouldi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma hoeschi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma ravenalla
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phelsuma standingi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scincidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Corucia zebrata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus albigularis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tanzania
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus beccarii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus dumerilii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus exanthematicus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Greater than 35 cm total length
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus jobiensis (synonym V. karlschmidti)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus niloticus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Greater than 35 cm total length
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus ornatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus salvadorii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Varanus spinulosus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        SERPENTES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Boidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Calabaria reinhardtii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Candoia carinata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Colubridae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Elapidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Naja atra
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Naja kaouthia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Naja siamensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pythonidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Liasis fuscus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Morelia boeleni
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Python bivittatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Python molurus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Python regius
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Guinea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        TESTUDINES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Emydidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Chrysemys picta
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (d)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Geoemydidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cuora amboinensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia, Malaysia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cuora bourreti
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cuora galbinifrons
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China, Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Heosemys annandalii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Heosemys grandis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Heosemys spinosa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Leucocephalon yuwonoi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Malayemys subtrijuga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Notochelys platynota
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Siebenrockiella crassicollis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Podocnemididae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Erymnochelys madagascariensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Peltocephalus dumerilianus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guyana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Podocnemis unifilis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Suriname
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Testudinidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Centrochelys sulcata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Indotestudo forstenii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Indotestudo travancorica
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinixys erosa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Democratic Republic of the Congo, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinixys homeana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Greater than 8 cm straight carapace length
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinixys nogueyi 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Greater than 5 cm straight carapace length
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinixys spekii 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Kinixys zombensis 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Manouria emys
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Manouria impressa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Stigmochelys pardalis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Testudo horsfieldii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Kazakhstan
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trionychidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Amyda cartilaginea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pelochelys cantorii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        AMPHIBIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ANURA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Conrauidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Conraua goliath
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cameroon
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Dendrobatidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hyloxalus azureiventris
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Peru
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ranitomeya variabilis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Peru
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ranitomeya ventrimaculata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Peru
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantellidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantella aurantiaca
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantella cowani
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantella crocea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantella pulchra
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mantella viridis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Microhylidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scaphiophryne gottlebei
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ACTINOPTERI
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        PERCIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Labridae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cheilinus undulatus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        SYNGNATHIFORMES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Syngnathidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus algiricus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Guinea, Senegal
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus barbouri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus comes
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus erectus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Brazil
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus histrix
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus kelloggi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus kuda
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China, Indonesia, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippocampus spinosissimus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ARTHROPODA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ARACHNIDA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        SCORPIONES
                     
                  
                  
                     
                         
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scorpionidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pandinus imperator
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pandinus roeseli
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Benin, Ghana, Togo
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Insecta
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Lepidoptera
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Papilionidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ornithoptera croesus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ornithoptera priamus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ornithoptera priamus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Ornithoptera victoriae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ranched
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        MOLLUSCA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        BIVALVIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        VENEROIDA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacnidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Hippopus hippopus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna crocea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cambodia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna derasa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Fiji, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna gigas
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna maxima
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cambodia, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna noae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Fiji, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna rosewateri
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna squamosa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Cambodia, Fiji, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Tridacna tevoroa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        GASTROPODA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        MESOGASTROPODA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Strombidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Strombus gigas
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Grenada, Haiti
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        CNIDARIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        ANTHOZOA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        HELIOPORACEA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Helioporidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Heliopora coerulea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        SCLERACTINIA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scleractinia spp.
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Ghana
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Agariciidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Agaricia agaricites
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Haiti
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Caryophylliidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Catalaphyllia jardinei
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Solomon Islands
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphyllia divisa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphyllia fimbriata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphyllia paraancora
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphyllia paradivisa
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphyllia yaeyamaensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Plerogyra discus
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Plerogyra simplex (Plerogyra taisnei)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Faviidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Favites halicora
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Platygyra sinensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Mussidae 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Acanthastrea hemprichii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Blastomussa merleti
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cynarina lacrymalis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Scolymia spp.
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Tonga
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Pocilloporidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Seriatopora stellata
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Indonesia
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trachyphylliidae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Fiji
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        FLORA
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cycadaceae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cycadaceae spp.
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbiaceae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia ankarensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia banae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia berorohae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia bongolavensis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia bulbispina
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia duranii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia fianarantsoae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia iharanae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia kondoi
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia labatii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia lophogona
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia millotii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia neohumbertii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia pachypodioides
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia razafindratsirae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia suzannae-marnierae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Euphorbia waringiae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Madagascar
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Orchidaceae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cypripedium japonicum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China, South Korea
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cypripedium macranthos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        South Korea, 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Cypripedium micranthum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        China
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Dendrobium bellatulum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Dendrobium nobile
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Laos
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Dendrobium wardianum
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Myrmecophila tibicinis
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Belize
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Phalaenopsis parishii
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Vietnam
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Stangeriaceae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Stangeriaceae spp.
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Zamiaceae
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Zamiaceae spp.
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Wild
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        All
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Mozambique
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        (b)