CELEX: 51987PC0303
Language: en
Date: 1987-09-04
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE amending Directive 70/220/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles (submitted by the Commission)

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DOCUMENTS "COM"
COM (87) 303
Vol. 1987/0182
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
REVISED VERSION                                    COM(87 ) 303 final / 3
THIS DOCUMENT CANCELS
AND REPLACES DOCUMENT
COM ( 87 ) 303 final                              Brussels ,   4 September 1987
CONCERNS ALL THE
LANGUAGES
                                  Proposai for a
                                COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
       amending Directive 70 / 220 / EEC on the approximation of the laws
       of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against
           air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of
                                  motor vehicles
                         ( submitted by the Commission )
C0MC87 ) 303 final / 3
 ---pagebreak---                                EXPLANATORY    MEMORANDUM
1.   Requirements and limit values on pollutant exhaust gases from motor
    vehicles have been established with Community wide validity as early as
    1970 in Directive 70 / 220 / EEC . This directive and its subsequent
    amendments were based on art . 100 EEC and an implementation of framework
    directive 70 / 156/ EEC , establishing the procedures and the programme for
    the elimination of technical obstacles to the free circulation of motor
    vehicles throughout the Community .
    Since then these standards have been lowered in several steps in
    accordance with technical progress , thè latest amendment having been
    agreed in 1983 ( Directive 83 / 351 / EEC ).
    On the 6th of June 1984 the Commission proposed ^^ to reduce
    substantially the motor vehicles emissions values .     This proposal has
    been widely and deeply discussed by the Economic and Social Committee
    ( opinion of 22 November 1984 ) and the European Parliament ( resolution of
    14 March 1985 ). The Parliament suggested making US emission values
    obligatory for the Community as from October 1 , 1986 .
    Subséquent discussions between Commission and Council led to retaining
    the objective of équivalent envi ronmenta l impacts between US and EEC
    requi rements , but to adapt EEC requi rements so as to take account of
    spécifie European features in car fleets and driving patterns .
    At the Council meetings of March 20th 1985 an agreement was reached in
    principle , subject to a number of reservations , to establish new European
    standards by categories of motor vehicles so as to have an effect on the
    European environment equivalent to that produced by USA standards taking
    into account differing patterns of use for each category .
(1)
    C0M(84)226 completed by C0M(84)564
 ---pagebreak---                                             2
     Consequently the Commission introduced a modified proposal ^^ according
     to article 149.2 of the Treaty which brought its initial proposai in
     accordance with the above principle agreements .    The interprétation given
     to this principle was that the total volume of nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) -
     identified as the most envi ronmenta l ly damaging pollutant - emitted by an
     EC car fleet meeting the proposed limit values would be substant i a l ly
    équivalent to that emitted by a US car fleet meeting the current
     régulation of this country .
    This latest proposai was agreed by the majority of the Member States at
    the Environment Council of 27 June 1985 , in Luxembourg .
    A certain number of technical details which were not agreed on this
    cccasion were settled at thè subsequent meeting of thè Environment
    Council held on 28 November 1985 .
    Taking into account these majority agreements and according to the new
    procedures laid down by the Single European Act , the Commission is
    reintroducing now an updated proposal based on the new Article 100A . The
    limit values of this proposal present the high level of protection in
    terms of the third paragraph of this Article .
2.  According to the request from the Council , the Commission will présent by
    the end of 1987 appropriate proposais for an " extra-urban " driving cycle .
3.  Pursuant to the provisions of Article 100A of the EEC Treaty , as modified
    by the Single European Act , the Common Position to be reached by Council
    shall be subject to the cooperation procedure with the European
    Parliament according to art 149 , 2 b ) et seq . EEC .
4.  Implementation of the requirements laid down in the Directive will
    necessitate the amendment of existing legislative provisions in all the
    Member States .
(1)
    COM ( 85 ) 288 final
 ---pagebreak---              PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
              AMENDING DIRECTIVE 70 /220 /EEC
  ON THE APPROXIMATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES
RELATING TO MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AGAINST AIR POLLUTION BY
     GASES FROM POSITIVE-IGNITION ENGINES OF MOTOR
                        VEHICLES
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 2 -
                                         Proposai for a
                                       COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
   amending Directive 70 / 220 / EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member
   States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from
                        positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles
    THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ,
    Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic
    Community , and in particular Article 100A thereof ,
    Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (*),
                                                                           2
    Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament ( ),
                                                                                       3
    Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ( ),
    Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressively
    establishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December
      1992 ; whereas the internal market shall comprise an area without internal
    frontiers in which the free movement of goods , persons , services and
    capital is ensured)
    Whereas the first programme of action of the European Communities on
    the protection of the environment , approved by the Council on
      22 November 1973 .       called for account' to be taken of the latest scientifi
     advances in combating atmospheric pollution caused by gases emitted from
    motor vehicles and*for Directives adopted previously to be amended
    accordingly ; whereas the third programme of action provides for
    additional efforts to be made to reduce considerably the present level
    of emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles ;
                                             4
    Whereas Directive 70 / 220 / EEC ( ) lays down the limit values for carbon
    monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions from such engines ; whereas
    these limit values were first reduced by Directive 74/ 290/EEC ( 8 ) and
    supplemented , in accordance with Directive 77/ 102/EEC ( 8 ), by limit
    values for permissible émissions of nitrogen oxides ; whereas the limit
    values for these three pollutants were successively reduced by                          t
    Directives 78 / 665 /EEC ( 7 ) and 83/ 351 /EEC ( 8 );
     (( 2ξ )) CJ
              OJ
                 No
                 No
                    C
                    C  12,  1U.1.85, P· 65 •
              OJ No C  25, 28.1.85 , p. 46 .
      Φ       OJ No L  76 ,   6.4.1970 , p.     1 .
      Φ       OJ
              OJ
                 No
                 No
                    L 159 , 15.6.1974 , P-
                    L  32 ,   3.2.1977 , P·
                                               61 .
                                               32 .
              OJ No L 223 , 14.8.1978 , P·     48 .
U)    (8)     OJ No L 197 , 20.7.1983 , P·      1 .
                                                                                • • •/• • •
 ---pagebreak---                                              3
   Whereas the work undertaken by the Commission in connection with its
   policy of pursuing a comprehensive approach to the development of
   rules*for the motor vehicle industry has . shown that the European
   IrHvstry already has available , or is currently perfecting , engine
   ■    nclogy which will allow a further reduction in limit values ;
  whereas during the period under consideration such a reduction will
  not Jeopardize the alms of Community policy in other fields , and in
  particular in that of the rational use of energy ;
  Whereas the Community has a duty to implement Directives on the
  protection of thé environment which , as far as vehicle émissions are
  concerned , make it possible to obtain values adapted to European
  conditions so that thelr effect on the environment is équivalent to
   that of the standards for vehicle emissions in force in the
  United States ; whereas this is also necessary for reasons of
   innovation and industrial competitiveness ; whereas , to achleve this
  objective , it is advisable to provide for a solution which varies
  according to the category of vehicle engine capacity so as to allow , as
  far as possible , compliance with Commun ! ty requirements at a reasonable
  cost and using different technical means ; whereas the limit values
                                                        «
  laid down for vehicles with an engine capacity of less than 1,4 litres
  reflect the current technical and économie conditions of European
  manuf acturers in this section of the market ; whereas the limit
  values applicable in 1992 / 1993 should be fixed in 1987 ;
 Whereas the limit values in this Directive are based on the test
 method laid down in Directive 70 / 220/EEC but this procedure must be
  adapted subsequently so that it is representative not only of traffic
  conditions in congested urban centres but also of those outside such
  centres ; whereas a decision concerning such adaptation should be
  taken by 1987 at the latest ;
 Whereas Article 5 of Directive 70 / 220/EEC refers to the possibility of
 adapting the provisions of the Annexes to take account of technical
 .. rrgress ;
wrr-r-eas petrol engines in ail vehicles covered by this Directive should be designed
to run exclusively on unleaded petrol so as to make it possible to
                                                                                     E
 ---pagebreak---                                        4
stop the use of lead-based additives in fuels and thus make a décisive
contribution to the réduction of environmental pollution by that
element ;
Whereas it is necessary to ensure that the provisions relating to the
compression-ignition engines of vehicles covered by this Directive
remain compatible , in view of the specific nature of all the pollutants
emitted by such engines , with subsequent changes in the provisions
relating to the other pollutants emitted by such engines , which are .
covered by Directive 72 / 306 / EEC ;
Whereas , during the period between the adoption of European standards
and the implementation of the modified European test cycle , it is
desirable that vehicles which obtain type-approval in accordance
with equivalent standards on Community export markets should also
qualify for EEC type-approval ;
Whereas , with due regard for the rules of the Treaty , Member States
which so wish may apply in advance the new values laid down in this
Directive , on the understanding that if they do so they may not
prohibit the marketing or use of vehicles , whether manufactured at
home or imported , which comply with Community requirements ,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE :
                                   Article 1
     Annexes I , II , III , VI and VII to Directive 70 / 220 / EEC shall be
amended in accordance with the Annex to this Directive .        A new
Annex III A shall be introduced .
                                   Artide 2
1.        From 1 January 1986 , no Member State may , on grounds relating
   to air pollution by gases from an engine or to engine fuel
   requirements :
                                                                      •/• • •
                                                                            E
                                                          r
 ---pagebreak---                                            5
      - refuse to grant EEC type-r.pproval , or to Issue the document
        provided for in the last indent of Article 10(1 ) of
        directive 70 / 156 /EEC , or to grant national type-approval for
        a type of motor vehicle , or
     - prohibit the entry into service of such vehicles
     where the level of gaseous pollutants emitted from this type of
     motor vehicle or from such vehicles and the engine fuel requirements
                4
     meet the requirements of Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as amended by this
     Di rective .
2 . F rom 1 October 1988 in the case of the .types of vehicle (•) which
                                                3
     hâve an engins capacity above 2 000 cm ,
   . from 1 October 1990 in the case of the types of vehicle which hâve
                                             3
     an engine capacity below 1 400 cm , and
     frorr. 1 October 1991 in the case of the types of vehicle which hâve
                                        3            3
     an engine capacity of 1 400 cm to 2 000 cm inclusive , and from
     1 October 1994 in the case of types of vehicle of the same capacity
     fitted with compression-ignition engines of the direct injection
     type ,
     Member States :
     - may no longer issue the document provided for in the last indent
        of Article 10(1 ) of Directive 70/ 156 / EEC in respect of a type of
        motor vehicle , and
     - may refuse national type-approval for a type of motor vehicle
     which emits gaseous pollutants at levels which do not meet the
     requirements of the Annexes to Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as emended
     by this Directive .
     From. l October 1989 in the case of types of vehicle which have an
                                        3
     engine capacity above 2 000 cm ,
     from l October 1991 in the case of types of vehicle which have an
                                        •a
     engine capacity below 1 400 cmw , and
(•) The types of vehicle referred to in Article 2 do not include those
       described in section 8.1 . of Annex I.                          .../...
                                                                             E
 ---pagebreak---                                          6
    from 1 October 1993 in the case of types of vehicle which have an
    engine capacity of 1 400 cc to 2 000 cc inclusive and from
    1 October 1996 in the case of types of vehicle of the same capacity
    fitted with compression-ignition engines of the direct injection
    type ,
   Member States may prohibit the entry into service of vehicles where
    the gaseous pollutants emitted from such vehicles and their engine
    fuel requirements do not meet the requirements of the Annexes to
   Directive 70/ 220/ EEC , as amended by this Directive .
                                    Article 3
1.         Member States may refuse national type-approval , EEC type-
   approval or the document provided for in the 2nd indent of
   Article 10(1 ) of Directive 70/ 156 / EEC for a type of motor vehicle
   with a positive ignition engine whose engine fuel requirements do not
   satisfy the requirements of the Annexes to Directive 70 / 220/ EEC , as
   amended by this Directive :
   = from 1 October 1988 , for types of vehicle having an engine capacity
      greater than 2 000 cc , except those defined in section 8.1 ;
   = from 1 October 1989 , for the other types .
2.         From 1 October 1990 , Member States may prohibit the entry into
   service of vehicles fitted with a positive ignition engine whose fuel
   requirements do not meet the requirements of the Annexes to
   Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as amended by this Directive , except where the
   manufacturer provides a certificate accepted by the technical service
   which issued the initial emissions type-approval stating that
   adapting such vehicles to the new fuel requirement entails major
   engineering changes , namely a change in material specification of
   the inlet or exhaust valve seats or a reduction in the compression
   ratio , or an increase in the engine capacity to compensate for power
   loss ; in which case , such a ban is possible only for the dates laid
   down in Article 2(3 ).
                                                                     •• •/• • •
                                                                              E
 ---pagebreak---                                       7
                                  Artide 4
By 31 December 1987 at the latest , the Council , on a proposai frora
the Commission ,    shall
- decide on a further reduction in the limit values to be applied to
  vehicles with an effective engine capacity of less than 1 400 cm3
  by 1992 for the issue of new national type approvals and 1993 for
   the entry of vehicles into service ;
- amend the test contained in Annex III to Directive 70 / 220 / EEC in
  order to adapt to present conditions in particular by the addition
  of non-urban driving sequences ;
- decide on the procedures for the entry into force of the amended
   test contained in Annex III and on the conditions for repealing
   the provisions laid down in the present Annex III and Annex III A ,
   including the transitional period .
                                  Article 5
 Mernber States shall bring into force the provisions necessary to
 compiy w ? th t.his Directive by . '. . . and shall forthwith
 inform the Commission thereof .
                                  Article 6
 This Directive is addressed to the Mernber States .
                                                                  .../...
                                                                        E
 ---pagebreak---                                                   - 8  -
                         Amendments to the Annexes to Directive 70/ 220/ EEC
                           in the version contained in Directive 83 / 351 /EEC
                                                 ANNEX I
 2.2             Add the following :
                 " For the purposes of Annex III A " reference mass " means the mass of the
                 vehicle in running order less the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg
                 and increased by a uniform mass of 136 kg ."
 2.8             " off-road vehicles " means
 2.8.1           a vehicle in category Mi and also in category Ni but not exceeding 2 t
                 which meets the following conditions :
 2 . 8 . 1.1      at least one front axle and at least one rear axle are
                  simultaneously driven or capable of being simultaneously
                  driven ( i.e . where one driven axle may be disengaged ) and ,
2 . 8 . 1.2       the vehicle is equipped with at least one differential
                  locking mechanism or at least one device which achieves a
                  similar effect and ,
2 . 8 . 1.3      the vehicle has a gradability performance of at least 30% calculated
                 for the isolated vehicle in running order . The method described in
                 Section 1.1 . of Annex VIII is used to verify the gradability
                 performance of the vehicle ;
2 . 8 . 1.4      the vehicle meets at least five of the following six
                 conditions :
2 . 8 . 1.4.1   an approach angle ( as defined in section 2.1 of Annex VIII )
                 equal to or greater than 25 degrees ,
2 . 8 . 1.4 . 2 a departure angle ( as defined in section 2.2 of Annex VIII )
                 equal to or greater than 20 degrees ,
2 . 8 . 1.4 . 3 a breakover angle ( as defined in point 2.3 of Annex VIII )
                 equal to or greater than 20 degrees ,
2 . 8 . 1.4 . 4 a ground clearance beneath the front axle equal to or greater
                 than 180 mm ,
2 . 8 . 1.4 . 5 a ground clearance beneath the rear axle equal to or greater
                than 180 mm ,
2.8.1 . 4.6     a ground clearance as defined in Section 2.4 of Annex VIII , equal
                or greater than 200 mm.
                                                                                      • • •/• • •
                                                                                               E
 ---pagebreak---                                             9
 2.8.2                                                             ,1.
                 A vehicle in category N above 2 t , N       or H  ( ) which meets
                 the following conditions :             ^
 2.8 . 2.1       Ail wheels are driven wheels ( including vehicles
                                                                   where one d:  ve
                 aocle can be dise.ngaged ),
2.8.2.2         or
2 . 8 . 2 . 2.1 at least one front axle and one rear axle are simultaneously
                driven or capable of being simultaneously driven ( i.e . where one
                driven axle may be disengaged ), and
2.3.2.2.2       the vehicle is equipped with one or more differential locking
                mechanisms or one or more devices which achieves a similar
                effect , and
2.8.2.2.3       the vehicle has a gradability performance of at least 25%
                calculated for the isolated vehicle laden to its maximum mass .
                The method described in Section 1.1 of Annex VIII is used to
                verify the gradability performance of the vehicle .
1 Inis definition covers only M _ vehicles with a maximum mass less than or
   equal to 12 t .
                                                                                 E
 ---pagebreak---                                                   - 10 -
   2.9 .             "Effective engine capacity " means :
   2.9.1 .           For reciprocating piston positive ignition Engines , the nominal
                     engine swept volume
   2 . 9 . 1.1 .     For rotary piston ( WANKEL ) positive ignition engines , double the
                     nominal engine-swept volume .
   The following new section 3.2.4 . is added :
 " 3.2.4 .           A description of the measures taken to ensure that a vehicle equipped
                     with a positive ignition engine is so constructed that it can only be
                     supplied with unleaded petrol in accordance with the provisions of
                     Directive 85/ 210 /EEC .
                     This condition is deemed to be met if it can be demonstrated that the
                     inlet orifice of the fuel tank is so designed that it prevents the
                     tank from being filled from a petrol pump delivery nozzle which has
                    an external diameter of 23.6 mm or greater
  ln section 5.1 ., the existing text is given the number 5.1.1 . and is supplemented
  as follows :
  "The technical measures taken by the manufacturer must be such as to ensure that
    the emission of air-polluting gases is effectively limited throughout the normal life
    of the vehicle and under normal conditions of use "
" 5.1.2 .           A vehicle equipped with a positive ignition engine must be designed to
                    be capable of running on unleaded petrol as specified by
                    Directive 85/ 210/EEC ."
  Section 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 . reads as follows :
" 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 . Subject to the requirements of 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 . 2 . and 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 5 ., the test
                    is repeated three times .   The mass of the carbon monoxide , the
                    combined mass of the hydrocarbons and the nitrogen oxides and the mass
                    of the nitrogen oxides obtained must be less than the amounts given
                    below for the corresponding vehicle categories :
                                                                                                    • • •(• • •
                                                                                                             E
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      11
            Engl ne                 Mass of carbon                     Combined mass of               Mass of nitrogen
         rupaci ty                      monox i de                     hydrocarbons and                          oxidee
                                                                         nitrogen oxides
                                            LÍ                                    L2                              L3
               S
            ( cm )                    ( g / test )                           ( g/ test )                     ( g/ teet )
         Γ. >    2 000                      2b                       6,5                                3.5
  i 4oo          <, 2 cou                   30                        8
         C <. 1 400                         4b                      15                                    6
       vYhicies equipped with compression-ignition engines with a
            pacity exceeding 2 000 cm^ must comply with the limit values
       ' •■ '-responding to the 1 400 cmJ to 2 000 cm3 inclusive
       t / :gine capacity category .
in            ors b . 2 . 1.1 . 4.1 ., 5 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 4 . 2 . , 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 5.1 . and 5 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 5 . 2 .
                   the words " and the mass of nitrogen oxides " or " and the émissions
                   of nitrogen oxides                 are to be added after any reference to
                   combined figures for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides .
 n.5 .             Posi ti ve-igni ti on engined vehicle types with different engine
                   fuei requirements, .
 6.6.1 .           Approval shall be extended to vehicle types modified for engine
                   fuel requirement purposes , provided the conditions set out in
                  section 8.6 . of this Annex are met .
                                                                                                                         E
 ---pagebreak---                                             12
             The following new . section 6.6 . is . added :
 " 6.6       Vehicle types with automatic or continuously variable
             transmissions .
 6.6.1       Approval granted to a vehicle type with a manual
             transmission may under the following conditions
             be extended to vehicle types with automatic or
             continuously variable transmissions :
 6 . 6 . U,  The same basic forms of components and systems ( other
             than the transmission ) liable to affect the emissions
             of gaseous pollutants must be fitted and operational ,
             but   detail      differences        to allow  for the   different “
             operating characteristics of automatic or continuously
             variable transmissions are acceptable , for example changes
             in ignition timing , idle speed , exhaust gas recirculation
            ratio etc .
6 . 6 . 1.2 The vehicle type must bave a reference mars within
            ±. 5%  of     the reference mass of the vehicle type with
            the manual transmission .
6 . 6 . 1.3 The vehicle type must be tested and satisfy                     the
            requirements of section S modified as follows :
            The limits for the nitrogen oxides are those resulting
            from the multiplication of the values L3 given in
            the   table      in   5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 by a  factor of   1,3 , and
            the limits for the combined mass of the hydrocarbons
            and the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from
            the multiplication of the values. L2 given in the
            table 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 by a factor of 1,2 .
                                                                                E
 ---pagebreak---                                           13
 The table in section - 7 . 1 . 1 . 1 . is replaced by the following :
' engine capacity     Mass of carbon           Combined mass of        Mass of
                         monoxide              hydrocarbons and        nitrogen
                                               nitrogen oxides            oxides
           C                    LI                      L2                    L3
        ( cm3 )           ( g / test )            ( g / test )          ( g / test )
     0 2 000                    30                      B,1                   4,4
  1 400    C    2 000           36                    10
     CCI     200                54 .                  19                      7,5
      Vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines with a
                                          3
      capacity exceeding 2 000 cm must comply with the limit values
                                             3 _  «            3
      corresponding to the 1 400 cm            to 2 000 cm       inclusive engine
      capacity category .
The second paragraph of section 7 . 1.1 . 2 . reads afe follows :
      "L is the limit value laid down in 7 . 1.1.1 .             for the émissions
       of carbon monoxide , the combined émissions of hydrocarbons
       and nitrogen oxides and the émissions of nitrogen oxides ;".
                                                                                     E
 ---pagebreak---                                     14
   The following new section. 7.2 . is added :
" 7.2 . Where type approval is extended under the provisions of
        section 6.6 . ( automatic and continuously variable
        transmissions ) the limits for the nitrogen oxides are
        those resulting from the multiplication of the values L3
        given in the table in 7 . 1.1.1 . by a factor of 1,3 , and
        the limits for the combined mass of the hydrocarbons and
        the nitrogen oxides are those resulting from the multi ¬
        plication of the values L2 given in the table in 7 . 1.1.1 .
        by a factor of 1,2 ".
Section 8.1 .  reads as follows :
" 8.1 . For the type-approval and vérification of conformity of
        - vehicles other than those of category M ^,
        - passenger vehicles of category       designed to carry more
          than six occupants including the driver or whose maximum
          mass exceeds 2 500 kg ,
 ---pagebreak---                                              15
        - vehicles designed for use off the public highway ,
        - off-road vehicles defined in section 2.8 . of Annex I ,
        the limit values shown in the tables in sections 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 .
        ( type-approval ) and 7 . 1.1.1 . ( conformity check ) of
        Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as amended by Directive 83 / 351 / EEC ,
        are applicable as from 1 October 1989 in the case of vehicle
        types and from 1 October 1990 in the case of vehicles entering
        into service for the first time ."
The following new section 8.3 . is added :
" 8.3 .     Test equivalent to the type I test for verifying emissions
             after a cold   start .
  8.3.1 . For the type-approval and vérification of production
            of vehicles of category M equipped with an engine whose
            capacity is > 1400 cc , the technical service may , at
             the request of a manufacturer , carry out the equivalent
             test described in Annex III A (" EPA cycle ") instead of
             that described in 5 . 2 . 1.1 .    In that event , the following
            provisions apply :
                                                                              E
 ---pagebreak---                                                 16
 8 . 3 . 1.1 .  For  vehicle  type-approval ,       the  limit  values     specified
                in the table in 5 . 2 . 1.1 . 4 are replaced by the following :
                - Mass of carbon monoxide ( Ll )           2,11 g/ km
                - Mass of hydrocarbons                     0,25 g / km
                - Mass of nitrogen oxides ( L3 )           0,62 g/km
                These limit values are deemed to be met if they are not
                exceeded by the results of tests on a vehicle type when
                the masses of each pollutant are multiplied by the appropriate
                deterioration factor from the following table :
               Emission control                                Détérioration
                    system                                          factor
                                                                CO         HC     NOx
1 . Positive - ignition engine with
      oxidizing catalytic converter                            1,2        1,3    1,0
2 . Positive-ignition engine without
      catalytic converter                                      1,2        1,3    1,0
3 . Positive-ignition engine with
      three-way catalytic converter                            1,2        1,3    1,1
4 . Compression-ignition                                       1,1        1,0    1,0
Where a manufacturer has obtained evidence of deterioration factors
specific to the vehicle type using the certification procedures
of Community export markets , those factors may be used as an
alternative when         establishing      compliance with     the     limit values
set out in this section .
                                                                               •••/•• •
                                                                                      E
 ---pagebreak---                                             17
 8 . 3 . 1.2 .    For the vérification of production conformity , vehicles may
                  be taken i'rora the sériés and subjected to the test described
                  in Annex IIIA .
8 . 3 . 1.2.1 .   A failed vehicle is one whose test results , when adjusted by
                  the deterioration factors established for the type approved in
                  accordance with the provisions of 8 . 3 . 1.1 . lead to one or more
                  of the limit values in 8 . 3 . 1.1 . being exceeded .
8 . 3 . 1.2 . 2 . The production of the series is deemed to conform or not to
                  conform by testing vehicles comprising a test sample until a
                  pass decision is reached for all limit values or a fail decision
                  is reached for one limit value .      A pass decision is reached when
                  the cumulative number of failed vehicles as defined in 8 . 3 . 1.2.1 .
                  for each limit value is less than or equal to the pass decision
                  number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles tested .
                  A fail decision is reached when the' cumulative number of failed
                  vehicles for one limit value is greater than or equal to the fail
                  decision number appropriate to the cumulative number of vehicles
                  tested .
Once a pass decision has been made for a particular limit value the number of
vehicles whose final deteriorated test results exceed that limit .value must not
be considered any further for the purposes of checking conformity of production .
The pass and fail decision nurbers associated with the cumulative number of
vehicles tested are given in the following table :
                                                                                .../...
                                                                                      E
 ---pagebreak---           Cumulative number of              Pass decision      Fail decision
             vehicle tested         10 “ Number of Failures Mumber o£ failurti
                   1                             <*)                 I)
                   2                             <♦)                 »)
                   3                             <*)                 >)
                   4                             <*.)                I)
                   5                                0                *)
                   6                                0                 6
                   7                                1                 7
                   8                                2                 8
                   9                                2                 8
                   10                               3                 9
                   11                               3                 9
                   12                               4                10
                   13                               4                10
                   14                               5                11
                   15                               5                11
                   16                               6                12
                   17                               6                12
                   18                               7                13
                   19                               7               13
                   20                               8                14
                   21                               8                14
                   22                               9                15
                   23                               9                15
                   24                             10                 16
                   25                             11                 16
                   26                             11                 17
                   27                             12                 17
                   28                             12                 18
                   29                             13                 19
                   30                             13                 19
                   31                             14                 20';
                   32                             14                 20 1
                   33                             15                 21
                   34                             15                 21
                   35                             16                22
                   36                             16                 22
                   37                             17                 23
                   38                             17                23
                   39                             18                 24
                   40                             18                 24
                   41                             19                 25
                   42                             19                26
                   43                             20                26
                   44                             21                27
                   45                             21                27
                   46                             22                28
                   47                             22                 28
                   48                             23                 29
                   49                             23                29
                   50                             24                 30
                   51                             24                30
                   52                             25                31
                   53                             25                 31
                   54                             26                32
                   55                             26                 32
                   56                             27                 33
                   57                             27                33
                   58                             28                33
                   59                             28                 33
                   60                             32                33
( •) Sériés not able to pass at thls stage
( # ) Sériés not able to fail at this stage
 ---pagebreak---                                       19
SAICFLING FLA:; T02 es ? WI7H AîFfEC IIXA TES?
                                               E
 ---pagebreak---     SAMPLING PLAN FOR USE WITH ANNEX 3A TEST
м •                NUM0ER OK VEHICLES TESTED
 ---pagebreak---                                                 21
 £.'1.1.3 .       Manufacturers of vehicles in possession of certificates
                   issued by government authorities in Community export
                  markets incorporating results of tests equivalent to those
                  set out in Annex III-A to this Directive may present
                  such results .
 iv . 4 .         For the extension of EEC type-approval to vehicles
                  approved in accordance with the provisions of
                  Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as amended by Directive 83 / 351 / EEC ,
                  but modified to satisfy the engine fuel requirements of
                  this Directive , the manufacturers are to certify
                  that :
8.4.1 .           the vehicle type conforms with the requirement of
                  section 5.1.2 . of this Annex regarding engine fuel
                  requirements and
8.4.2 .           the vehicle continues to meet the production conformity
                  limits in accordance with the provisions of
                  Directive 70 / 220 / EEC , as amended by Directive 83 / 351 / EEC .
                                      ANNEX II
   A footnote reference       "( 4 )" is   inserted after 1.4 . and 1.5 .
   A footnote reference       "( S )» ls   inserted after 1.7 .
   The following footnotes are added :
          "( 4 ) This figure must be rounded off to the nearest tenth
                  of a millimétré ."
          " ( ^ ) This value must be calculated with it = 3,1416 and
                  rounded off to the nearest cm3 ."
  Add the following sub-section to section 7 :
           'Information to be supplier! for the tests provided for in
           Ann ix    IIJ. A
                   Oear rnange-over point ( for lst to 2nd etc. )
                   Method of cold starting .
                                                                                   E
 ---pagebreak---                                                     22
                                               ANNEX III
Section 3.1.7 .            is delet.ert .
                                                ΛΝΝ'ΕΧ VI
                                ( Spécifications of referencl fuels )
The table in section 1 is replaced by the following table :
1 . TFC'IIN ] CAu DATA OF THE REFERENCE FUEL TO BF USED FOK TESTING VEHICLES EOUIPPED
    WTTH      PGSITI Vc-ICNTTION ENGINES
    CEC roference fuel RF - 08- A- 85
    Type : Premium petrol , urileaded
    j
     1
                                         ~ rT      Limits and       uni ta        1    ASTM method
                                              1       Kin .              Kax .    j
      \
                                              !                                   1
        Peseareh octane number                        95.0                        1       D 2699
      ] Ko*.c r cctfcne numter                1
                                                      es.o                        1       D 2700
     t                   ·                    Ì                                   1
                                              1                                   1
      'Cenai ty at 15*C                       1       0,7-tì            0,762     1       D 1296
     'Reid vapour pressure                    1        0.56 bar         0,64 bar j        D 323
      ' Cleti list ; or.                      1                                   1
          initial belling point               1         ?4    *C         40       1       D 66
     !- 1C * vol peint                        1         42    *C         56 *C    1       D 66
          80% vel point                       1          90   *C        no *c      1      0 66
     !- 9C% vcl point                         1        155    *C        160 *C    i       0 65
        - fire ! boiling point                1        190    *C        215 *C     1      D 66
     1 Res idue                               1
                                              1
                                                                           2 *     1      Γ 66
     ! Hy ir oc arbor, analysis               1                                   1
    i - define                                1                          20 % vol 1       D 1319
    ' - ertine tics                           ! ( Including                       1       0 131 ?
    1                                         | max. 5% voi                       1
    1                                         ] 0 entene· )              46 X voi ¡  • n
                                                                                         3606 / D 2267
          saturates
                                              1
                                                                         balance |        D 1319
    ¡Carbon / hydrcger. ratio                 !                  ratio            1               '
     ¡Oxidation stability                     1       460 min.                    1       D 525
     ¡Existent g.m                            1                     4 mg / 100 ml 1       D 361
                                              1                                   1
                                              1                            -      1
    'Sulphur content                          1             %       0 , 04 % mate !    D 1266 / 0 2622 /
    1                                         1
                                                                                 Ί        D >7 SS
    'Crpper corrosion st 50*C                 i
                                                                             i    1       D 130
    'Lead content                             1                     0,005 g /1    1       D 3237
                                              1                                   1
                                              i                                   1
    ¡Phosphorus content                       1                     0,0013 g/} 1          0 3231
    :
                                              1
                                              1
                                                                                  1
    i                                         1     ■  –
                                                                                  1
     * Add . t ; on of oxyg-siHfcs pronibitcd
                                                                                                         E
 ---pagebreak---                                             23
                                   ANNEX VII
 A new section G is added and the numbering of the subséquent sections
 changée : " 6 . Effective engine capacity ... cm3 ".
The following words are inserted at the end of the first line of
section   14 :
" carried *out in accordance with Annex Ill / Annex III A ( 1 )".
The following words are added to the first line of
section   14 . 1 :
" carrled out in accordance with Annex III ( 1 )".
The following new section 14.2 is added after section 14.1 :
" 14.2 . Type I test carried out in accordance with Annex III A ( 1 ):
         CO : ... g / km      HC : ... g/km    NOx ' ••• S / km *
Section 14.2 .     becomes 14.3 .
Section 14.3 . becomes 14.4 .
                                                                       E
 ---pagebreak---                                              - 24 -
                                           ANNEX VIII
  1.    Load conditions and procedure for the vérification of the gradabilitv
        përfoniiancTTf'ôff^roâT^ëhlcTëT'rëfërrêd-tô”ïn-BectTon-278 Ôf~Snnëx I
  l.j   The vérification of the required gradability performance ( 25 % and 30 % ) is
        carried out by simple calculations . However , in a limited number of cases ,
        the technical service may carry . out actual tests on a vehicle .
  2.    Définition and illustrations of approach , departure and breakover angles
        and prounri clearance
 2.1 . " Approach angle " means the greatest angle between the horizontal plane and
       planes tangential to the static loaded front wheel tyres , such that no point
       of the vehicle ahead of the axle lies below these planes and that no part
       rigidly attached to the vehicle lies below these planes .
*2.2 . " Departure angle " means the greatest angle between the horizontal plane and
       planes tangential to the static loaded rear wheel tyres , such that no point
       of the vehicle behind the axle lies below these planes and that no part
       rigidly attached to the vehicle lies below these' planes .
                                                                                      E
 ---pagebreak---                                                 2^
 2.3 . " Breakover angle " means the minimum acute angle between two planes ,
        perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle , tangential ,
        respectively , to the tyres of the front and the rear wheels , static loaded ,
        end intersecting at a line touching the lower part of the vehicle , outside
        Vr.es e v,-heels . This ancle defines the largest ramp over which the vehicle
        car. rove ."
2.4 . " Ground clearance " means the distance between the ground and the lowest
       point of the centre part of the vehicle . The centre part is that part
       contained between two planes parallel to and equidistant from the
       longitudinal median plane ( of the vehicle ) and separated by a distance
       which is 80% of the least distance between pointy on the inner edges
       oi the wheels on any one axle .
                                                                                  .../...
                                                                                        E
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 26 -
                                         ANNEX III-A
                      Test equivalent to the type I test for verifying
                                 emissions after a cold start
 1.        INTRODUCTION
           ... defined in section 8.3 of Annex 1 .
 2         OPERATING CYCLE ON THE CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
2.1 .      Description of the cycle
           The operating cycle ... in the table depicted in the graph in Appendix 1 .
           The shutdown ... Appendix .
2.2 .      ( id 2.2 . Annex III ) .
2.3 .      Transmissions
2.3.1 .    All test-conditions , except as noted , will be run according to the
          manufacturer's recommendations .
2.3.2 .   Vehicles equipped with free wheeling or overdrive , except as noted , will be
          tested with these features operated according to the manufacturer's
          recommendations .
2.3.3 .   Idle modes are to be run with automatic transmission in " Drive " and the
          wheels braked : manual transmissions to be in gear with the clutch
          disengaged , except in the first idle node .
          The vehicle must be driven with minimum accelerator pedal movement to
          maintain the desired speed .
2 . 3.4 . Acceleration must be smooth , following representative gear speeds and
          procedures . For manual transmissions , the operator must release the
          accelerator pedal during each gear change and complete the change in the
          minimum amount of time .    If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the specified
          rate , it is to be operated at maximum available power until its speed
          reaches the value prescribed for that time in the driving schedule .
P.3.1 .   The deceleration modes must be run in gear using brakes or accelerator pedal
          as necessary to maintain the desired speed . Manual transmission vehicles must
          have the clutch engaged and must not change gears from the previous mode .
          For those modes which decelerate to zero , manual transmission .clutches must
          be depressed when the speed drops below 2<,1 km/h , when engine roughness is
          evident , or when engine stalling is imminent .
                                                                                      E
 ---pagebreak---                                            27
2 3.ó.         Manual transmi ssion
2 . 3 . 6.1 . In the case of test vehicles equipped with manual transmission ,
              the transmission must be shifted according to the procedures
              recommended by the manufacturer , subject to the agreement
              of the technical service responsable for the tests .
              Tolerances
2.4.1 .       The dynamometer driving schedule is listed in Appendix I.
              The driving schedule is defined by a smooth trace drawn
              through the specified speed vs , time relationships . It
              consists of a non-repeti tive series of idle , acceleration ,
              cruise , and deceleration modes of various time sequences
              and rates .
2.4.2 .       The speed tolérances are :
              . The upper limit is 3,2 km / h higher than the highest point
                 on the trace within 1 second of the given time .
              . The lower limit is 3,2 km / h lower than the lowest point
                 on the trace within 1 second of the given time .
              . Speed variations greater than the tolerances ( such as
                 may occur during gear changes ) are acceptable provided
                 they do not occur for more than 2 seconds on any occasion .
              . Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable provided
                 the vehicle is operated at maximum available power during
                 such occurrences .
              . The speed tolérance must be as specified above , except
                 the upper and lower limits which are 6,4 km / h .
              . The following figures show the range of acceptable speed
                 tolerances for typical points . Figure A is typical
                 of portions of the speed curve which are increasing or
                 decreasing thoughout the 2-second time interval . Figure B
                 is typical of portions of the speed curve which include
                 a maximum or minimum .
                                                                          .../..
                                                                                 E
 ---pagebreak---                                            28
    Я
    ч.
                                                        J
    I
£
             ! ми
        P10LMC *                                       FIEUW •
3 . VEHICLE AND FUEL
3.1 . Teit veMcles
       3.1.1 . )
       3.1.2 . )
       3.1.3 . )       id. 3.1.1 . to 3.1.6 . Anne * III
       3.1 . A. )
       3.1.5 . )
       3.1.6 . )
3.2 . Fuel
       The appropriate reference- fuel as defined in Annex IV must be used
       for testing , - or the equivalent reference fuels used by the
       competent authorities in Community export markets .
                                                                       • • •/• • •
                                                                                 £
 ---pagebreak---                                                              - 29
 4.              TEST EOUIPMEWT
 4.1 .           Ch âssis dynaaoaeter
 4.1.1 .         Ad'<‘ "Ovneroaeters w i t h adjustable load curvc aay be contidcred a* having a fixed load curva
                         if they aeet th* raquiraacnta of a fixtd load curvc and arc uacd aa a fixed load
                         dynaaoaeter . n
 4.1.2 . )       id paragrapha 4.1.1 ., 4.1.2 . and 4.1.3 . Annex III ;
 4.1.3 . )
 4.1.4 .         Accuracy
 4 . 1.4.1 .     id 4 . 1.4.1 . Annex 111 .
 4 . 1.4 . 2 .   In the case of a dynaaometer with a fixed load curve , the accuracy of aatching dynaaoaeter
                 load to road aust be 5X at 80 , S ka /h .
                 In the case of a dynaaoaeter with adjustable load curve , the accuracy of aatching
                 dynaaoaeter load to road aust be 5X at 80,5 ka /h , 60 and 40 ka /h and 10X at 20 ka /h .
                 Belou this , dynaaoaeter absorption aust be positive .
4 . 1.4 . 3 . )
                id 4 . 1.4 . 3 . and 4 . 1.4 . 4 Annex III .
4 . 1.4 . 4 . )
4.1.5 .         Load and inertia setting
4 . 1.5.1 . Dynaaoaeter with fixed load curve : the load siaulator aust be adjusted to absorb the power
                exerted on the driving wheels at a steady speed of 80,5 ka / h . The alternative aeans by which
                this load is deterained and set are described in Appendix 2 , section 3 and Appendix 3 .
4 . 1.5 . 2 .   Dynaaoaeter with adjustable load curve : the load siaulator aust be adjusted in order to absorb
                the power exerted on the driving wheels at steady speeds of 20 , 40 , 60 and 80,5 ka/ h . The
                aeans by which these loads are deterained and set are described in Appendix 3 .
4 . 1.5.3 .     id 4 . 1.5 . 3 . Annex III .
4.2 .           id paragraphs 4.2 . to 4.7 . Annex III .
ta 4.7 .
                                                                                                           . . . /.
                                                                                                                    E
 ---pagebreak---                                                          - 3ü -
 6.      PRCPAR1NG TH£ TEST
 5.1 .   Adjustaent of inertia siaulators to the vehicle's translatory inerties
         Reference aass of the vehicle                              Equivalent inertia aass
                     ( kg )                                                  ( kg )
                                     Pr                 480                              450
                  ¿ eo               Pr         -vi.    540                              510
                  540        <       Pr         Sk.     600                              570
                  eoo        Δ.      Pr         st.     650                              620
                  650        ■C      Pr                 700                              680
                   710       ■C      Pr                 780                              740
                   770       <       Pr        «        820                              eoo
                  820       <        Pr                 880                              850
                  880       Δ        Pr   -
                                                        940                              910
                  940       <        Pr                 990                              960
                  950        <       Pr       SS     1 OSO                            1  020
               1 050         Δ       Pr              1 110                            1  080
               1 110         <       Pr               1 220                           1  130
               1 160         <       Pr       a»     1  120                           1  190
               1 220         <       Pr       ■xZ.   1  280                           1  250
                            ■c.                      1  330
               1  280                Pr                                               1 300
               1 330                 Pr              1  390                           1  360
               1 390        <        Pr      -at     1  450                           1  420
               1 450         <,      Pr              1  500                           1  470
               1 500         <-     Pr               1  560                           1  530
               1  560        <.     Pr               1  630                           1  590
               1 620                 Pr              1  670                           1  640
               1 670                Pr               1  730                           1  700
               1 730        U*      Pr               1  790 .                         1  760
               1 790                Pr               1  870                           1  810
               1 870        <       Pr     –,        1  980                           1  930
               1 980                Pr      ■Ä       2  100                           2  040
               2 100                Pr       –
                                                     2  210                           2  150
               2  210       <a       Pr      Λ       2  320                           2  270
               2 320                 Pr              2  440                           2  380
               2 440                Pr      •at      2  610                           2  490
               2 610                 Pr              2 830                            2  720
        r lywheels , electrical or other aeans of    siaulating test aass as shown in the tabl·
        used .   If the equivalent test aass specified is not available on the dynaaoaeter being used ,
        the next higher equivalent test aass ( not exceeding 115 kg ) available is to be used .
        NOTC : the reference aass of the vehicle is the aass of the vehicle in running order less
        the unifora aass of the driver and increased by a unifora aass of 136 kg .
5 .?.   5etting of the dynaaoaeter : id. 5.2 . Annex III .
5.3 .   Conditioning of vehicle
5.3.1 . Before the test , the vehicle aust be kept in a rooa in which the teaperature reaains relutively
        constant betueen 20°C and 30°C .
                                                                                                     E
 ---pagebreak---                                                 31
               Thir conditioning must continue for at least six hours il' the
               engine oil temperature is measured or for at least twelve hours if it is not .
               If the manufacturer so requests , the test must be carried out not later
               than 36 hours after the vehicle has been run at its normal temperature .
5.3 . 2 .      i d. 5.3.2 . V>ner  III -
e.             PROCEDURE FOR BENCH TESTS
6.1 . to
               id. 6.1 . to 6.1.4 . Annex III .
6.1.4 .
6.2 .          Test and sampling
6.2.1 .        The vehicle must be stored prior to the emission test in such a manner
               that precipitation ( e.g. , rain or dew ) does not occur on the vehicle .
               The complete dynamometer test consists of a cold start drive of
               12,1 km and simulates a hot start drive of 12,1 km . The vehicle is
               allowed to stand on the dynamometer during the 10-minute time period
               between the cold and hot start tests .     The cold start test is divided
               into two periods . The first period , representing the cold start
               " transient " phase , terminates at the end of the deceleration which is
               scheduled to occur at 505 seconds of the driving schedule . The second
               period , representing the " stabilized " phase , consists of the remainder of
               the driving schedule including engine shutdown . The hot start test
               similarly consists of two periods . The first period , representing the hot
               start " transient " phase , terminates at the same point in the driving
               schedule as the first period of the cold start test . The second period of
               the hot start test , " stabilized " phase , is assumed to be identical to the
               second period of the cold start test . Therefore the hot start test
               terminates after the first period ( 505 seconds ) is run .
6.2.2 .        The following steps shall be taken for each test :
6 . 2 . 2.1 .  Place drive wheels of vehicle on dynamometer without starting engine .
               Reset and enable the roll revolution counter .
6.2.2.2.       Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the cooling fan .
6.2.2 . 3 .    With the sample selector valves in the " standby " position , connect
               evacuated sample collection bags to the dilute exhaust and dilution
              air sample collection systems .
6.2.2.4.      Start the CVS ( if not already on ), the sample pumps , the temperature
              recorder , the vehicle cooling fan and the heated hydrocarbon analysis
              rerorder ( diesel only ). ( The heat exchanger of the constant volume
              sampler if iused , should be preheated to its operating temperature .)
               The diesel hydrocarbon analyser continuous sample line and filter
              ( if applicable ) should be prehçated to 190°C + 10°C .
                                                                                  .../.
                                                                                        E
 ---pagebreak---                                                   32 -
6.2.2. 5.   Adjust the sample flowrates to the desired flowrate ( minimum of 0,28 m3/hr )
            and set the gas flow measuring devices to zero .
            NOTE' : CFV-CVS 6ample flowrate is fixed by the venturi design .
6.2.2.6.    Attach the flexible exhaust tube to the vehicle tailpipe(s ).
6.2.2.7.    Start the gas flow measuring device , position the sample selector
            valves to direct the sample flow into the " transient " exhaust sample
            bag and the " transient " di lution air sample bag ( turn on the diesel
           hydrocarbon analyser system integrator and mark the recorder chart ,
            if applicable ), turn the ignition key on and start the engine .
6.2.2.8.   Fifteen seconds after the engine starts , place the transmission in gear .
6.2.2.9.   Twenty seconds after the engine starts , begin the initial vehicle
           acceleration of the driving schedule .
6.2.2.10 . Operate the vehicle according to the dynamometer driving schedule .
6.2.2.11 . At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 505 seconds ,
           simultaneously switch the Bample flows from the " transient " bags to
           the " stabilized " bags , switch off gas flow measuring device No 1 ( and
           the Diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 1,-mark the Diesel hydrocarbon
           recorder chart ) and start gas flow measuring device No 2 ( and
           Diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 2 ).     Before the acceleration which
           is scheduled to occur at 510 seconds , record the measured roller or
           shaft revolutions and reset the counter or switch to a second counter .
           As soon as possible transfer the " transient" exhaust and dilution air
           samples to the analytical system and process the samples so as to
           obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust sample on all analysers
           within 20 minutes of the end of the sample collection part of the test .
6.2.2.12 . Turn the engine off 2 seconds after the end of the last deceleration
           ( at 1 369 seconds ).
6.2.2.13 . Five seconds after the engine stops running , simultaneously turn off
           gas flow measuring device No 2 , ( the Diesel hydrocarbon integrator No 2
           and mark the hydrocarbon recorder chart , if applicable ) and position
           the sample selector valves to the " standby " position .    Record the
           measured roller or shaft revolutions and reset the counter .      As soon
           as possible transfer the " stabilized " exhaust and dilution air samples
           to the analytical system and process the samples in order to obtain
           a stabilized reading of the exhaust sample on all analysers within
           20 minutes of the end of the sample collection part of the test .
                                                                                     E
 ---pagebreak---              o . 2 . 2 . 14 . Im«edi * t e ly after thè snd of thè sample period
                              turn c' t ! e cooling fan end dose thè erigine
                              conpar i r - nt     cover .
              6.2.2.15 . Turn oft the CVS or disconnect the exhaust               tube from
                              the ta'         ipe o f the vehicle .
             6.2.2.16 . Repeat             - e steps in 6 . 2.2.2 . to .
                              6 . 2.2.1 -, for the hot_-staft test , except
                              that only - ne evacuated sample bag is required
                              tor samr irg 'exhaust gas and one for dilution air .
                              The key-on operation step described
                               in 6 . 2 . 2 . 7 .  begins between
                              9 and 11 minutes after the end of the
                              sample period for the cold-start test .
             6 . 2 . 2 . 17 . At the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to
                              occur at 505 seconds , simultaneously turn off gas
                              flow measuring device No . 1 ( and Diesel
                              hydrocarbon integrator No . 1 , mark the       Diesel
                              hydrocarbon recorder chart , if applicable ) and
                              position the sample selector valve to the " standby "
                              position ( Engine shutdown is not part of the hot start
                              test sample period ). Record the measured roller or
                              shaft revolutions .
             6 . 2 . 2 . 18 . As soon as possible transfer the hot
                              start " transient " exhaust and dilution air samples to
                              the analytical system and process the samples in -
                              order to obtain a stabilized reading of the exhaust
                              sample on all analysers within*20 *minutes of the
                              end of the sample collection part of the test .
6.3 . Engine starting and restarting .
             6.3.1 .          Petrol-engined vehicles .          This paragraph applies to
                              petrol-engined vehicles .
             6 . 3 . 1.1 . The engine must be started according to the manufacturer’s
                              instructions as set out in the handbook for series --
                              produced vehicles . The initial 20-second idle period begins
                              when the engine starts .
             6 . 3 . 1.2 . Choke operation : Vehicles equipped with automatic chokes
                              must be operated according to the manufacturer ' s instructions
                              as set out in the handbook for series-produced vehicles .
                             Vehicles equipped with manual chokes must be operated
                              according to the manufacturer 's instructions as set out in
                              the handbook for series-produced vehicles .
                                                                                            .../...
                                                                                                  E
 ---pagebreak---                                                   34 -
 6 . 3 . 1.3 . The transmission must be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is
                started . If necessary , braking may be employed to keep the drive
                wheels from turning .
 6.3 . 1.4 . The operator may use the choke , accelerator pedal , etc. where necessary
                to keep the engine running .
 6 . 3 . 1.5 . If the manufacturer 's instructions as set out in the handbook for
                series-produced vehicles do not specify a warm engine starting
                procedure , the engine ( automatic-and-manual -choke engines ) must be
                started by depressing the accelerator pedal about half way and letting
                the engine turn over until it starts .
6.3.2 .         Diesel vehicles . The engine muet be started according to the manufacturer 's
                instructions as set out in the handbook for series-produced vehicles .
                The initial 20-second idle period begins when the engine starts . The
                transmission must be placed in gear 15 seconds after the engine is started .
                If necessary , braking may be employed to keep the drive wheels from
                turning .
6.3 . 3 .       If the vehicle does not start after 10 seconds' U6e of the starter , the
                attempt is to cease and the reason for failure to start determined . The
               gas flow measuring device on the constant volume sampler ( usually a
               revolution counter ) or CFV ( and the hydrocarbon integrator when testing
               diesel vehicles ) must be turned off and the sampler selector valves
               placed in the " standby " position during thiB diagnostic period .    In
               addition , either the CVS should be turned off , or the exhaust tube
               disconnected from the tailpipe during the diagnostic period . If failure
                to start is due to an operational error , the vehicle must be rescheduled
               for testing from a cold start .
6 . 3 . 3.1 . If a failure to start occurs during the cold portion of the test and is
               caused by a vehicle malfunction , corrective action of less than
               30 minutes duration may be taken and the test continued . All sampling
               system(s ) must be reactivated at the same time as the engine begins to
               turn . When the engine starts , the driving schedule timing sequence
               begins . If failure to start is caused by vehicle malfunction and the
               vehicle cannot be started , the test is void .
0.3 . 3 . 2 . If a failure to start occurs during the hot start portion of the test
               and is caused by vehicle malfunction , the vehicle must be started within
               one minute of key on .   All sampling systems(s ) must be reactivated at
               the same time as the engine begins to turn . When the engine starts ,
               the driving schedule timing sequence begins . If the vehicle cannot
               be started within one minute of key on , the test is void .
6.3.4 .        If the engine " false starts " the operator must repeat the recommended
               starting procedure ( such as reBetting the choke , etc. )
6.3.5 .        Stalling : * If the engine stalls during an idle period , the engine must
               be restarted immediately and the test continued . If the engine cannot
               be started soon enough to allow the vehicle to follow the next
               acceleration as prescribed , the driving schedule indicator must be
               stopped . When the vehicle restarts , the driving schedule indicator
               must be reactivated .
                                                                                        .../...
                                                                                              E
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 35
                * If the engine stalls during seme operating mode other
           than idle , the driving schedule must be stopped ; the vehicle
           is then ■ restarted and accelerated to the speed required at
           that point in the driving schedule and the test continued .
                * If the vehicle will not restart within one minute ,
           the test   is void .
7.    PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSES
7.1 . id.   7.2.2 .
7.2 . id.   7.2.3 . Annex  III
7.3 . id .  7.2.4 . Annex  III
7.4 . id.   7.2.5 . Annex  III
7.5 . id .  7.2.6 . Annex  III
7.6 . id.   7.2.7 . Annex  II ]
7.7 . id.   7.2.8 . Annex  III
8.    DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS
       id . 8.1 . and 8.2 . Annex  III .
                                                                        E
 ---pagebreak---          36
  APPENDIX 1
OPERATING CYCLE
                • • •f• • •
                         E
 ---pagebreak---                                     APPENDICE I
                            CVCf-F. nt FONCTIONNEMENT
  Vitesse
   km / h
          transitoire froid                 stabilisé transitoire chaud
M
 ---pagebreak---        1                V                   »                 V              1                 V            1          V              1               V                 1                    V   '                1                  v"
      0                0.Q                20                 0.0          40          .     24.0          60        38.9             80            4M                 loq                  48.8                1 2Q               24,8
       Γ               0.0                21                 4.8           9|               24.5           6|       39.6          ■ 81             42.0               IPI                  49,1                121                19.5
      2 .              0.0                22            , 9.5             42                24.9           62       40.1       • 82                43.0 :    •        102                  49.7 ·              122     .          11.2
      J :              0.0 .     • ■ 23                     13.8           43               25.7          ¿3        40.2             8}            44.3         • · 103                    49.9·               123                  8.9
  '   « ·;'            0.0 · .            24            • 16.5 .           44               27.5           64       39.6        ‘ 84 ' .           46,0           . 1 04                 ‘49.7                  124                 3.5
      5    ;        - 0.0       .. . 25                    23.Q .          45               30.7           65       39.4             85          . 47.2        : | 05          '* ■ 48.9 ,                      125                 o.o
      6                0.0        .       26               27.2            46               34,0           66       39.8             86 ·          48.0        = . 106      . ·■ . 48.9 ‘                       126                 0.0
      7                0,0                27                27.8           47       .       36,5           67       39.9             87     ·.     48.4    ,   . . 1 07          ; , 48.1 ;                 - | 27        .■        O.o .
      8 ·.         • 0,0 '            • . 28      ... 29.1                 48               36.9           68       39.8      1 88                 4*,9 ·      : ■ 108 \ .                 48.6 .               128   . ·,·         0,0   .
      9 .           .. 0.0 ·'             29 :  . .· 33,}                  <9               36.5 ■         09       39.6    ·;· »? ; ;         • 49.1 · . ··,- l°?                .        49.4 ■            J 29        ;;     : 0.0
     IO .              0.0 .        .     30 ‘ “ . . 34.9                  50               36.4           70       39.6         • 99              49.4 "     ; . no        1·           ■ so,? - .             130      > , 0.0
     H .           : 0.0                  31 .     ■.. 30.0 *.      ■ ; 51                  34.3           71       40.4       ¡91              •, 49.| l .        ·■ III                  il .? :.·            131                 P.O
     12                0.0 .              32 .              36,2            J2 .            30,6       . 72     ·   41.2       : 92                48.9,· ; VJI *                                               P? · ; ;            0.0
     13                0.0     ■ ¿         33               35.0            53              27,5           73       41,4             »? · ■■ * 48.8 ·         :..| I3                                           1 33 . T            Q.Q
     M      . .        0.0-      '         31    / : 34.6 .           : »1                  25.4        ' 71        40.9      » 94 : . 48.9                           114                   31.8 ·■·            1 34    :           0.0
     15          ·     0,0 ■               35     ·.· 33,6                  55              25.4           75       10.1      ·' »? ·· ..          49.6      : V in           . · . 5i.g *                      13 } · . ;          0.0
     16                0.0              - 36 .              32.8   •        56            ' 28,5           76 ·     40.2    •        96   ·        48,9           • M6 ■ ·· · ; 46,0':                          no          .·. . O.Q
     17              . 0.0                 37 . ' ,         31.9            57              31.9           77     ' 40.9              97           48, 1 ■            117              ' 40.7 '                 13? . '■ \          0.0 '
     18     .           0.0                38 ·     ·.      27,4            58          .   34.8   . •     78        41.8          . 98 ;          47.5 '             III  .-■■V 35.4 ; .                       1 38     :       . 0.0
     19                 0.0                39               24.0            59               37.3          79        41.8        ‘ 99 :             48.0              119  " '· .           30.1 -              139                 0.0
      1                  V                    1                V               1                V             1         V               1              V                 1                    V    ·*              1                  V
    110       -         0.0            1 160          . , 0,0             1 80              41.5       ' 200         67.8      , 220                00,5 .V ,. 24Q                    . 91,2 {          .       260               87 . 1
    MI                  o.o ·       .     161            ' Q.O       . 181                   43.8         20 |       70.0       . 22 |              4M                241                . 91.2 1.           • 261                 86,6
    M2                  0,0               162                 0.0         | 82               42,6         202        72.6 ·         222             82.1              242                  90.9 ·         •     262               85.9
    i« ;                0.0               163                 0,0         183                38.6         20}.       74.Q           223             82.9            .
                                                                                                                                                                                           90,9 .           ? 263 #                85.3
    MI                  0.0               164              • 3.3          184                36.5         204        75.3           224 “      ■    84.0              241  . ■ ■ 90,9 ·;                        264               «1.7
    MS                  0.0               165                10.6         185                31.2         205        76.4           225 ·           85.6         • 245                      90.9                265                83.8
    M6                  0.0 '             166     v          15,9     ■ 1 86                 28,5         206        76.4           226             87.I              246              ; 90,9         ,         266                84.3
    M7 .           .    0.0               167                21.2         187                27.7         207 ‘      76.1           227             87,9              247                   90.9 ·              267                »3.7
    148                 0,0               168                26.6          188               29.1         208        76.0           228             88.4              248                   90,8                268                83.5
    M?                   0.0              169                31.9          | 89              29.9         209        75.6           229 ·           88.5 .            249                   90.3                269                » 3.2
    150 .                0.0 ·            170                35,7          190               32.2         210        75.6           230             88.4              250                   89,8                270                82.9
     151                 0.0              171          .     39.1          I9 |              35.7         211        75.6           231             87,9              25 |                  88,7                27 |               83.0
     152                 0,0              172                41.5          192                39,4        212        75.6           232             87.9               252                  87,9                272                83.4
     153                 0.0               173               42.5          193                43.9        213        75.6           233             88.2               253                  87.2                273                83.8
'    154                 0.0               174           . '11.4           194                49,1        211         76,0          234             88.7               »1                   86,9 ‘               274               84.5
     ( 55                0.0               175               40.4           195               53.9        2I5 .       76,3          235             89,3               255                  86.4                 275               85.3
     156                 0.0               | 76              39,8           196               58,3        216         77.1          236             89,6               256                  86.J              ' ?76                86.1
     157                 0.0 .             177               40.2           197               60,0         217        78.1           237            90,3               257                  86.7                 277   .           86.9
     158                 0.0               178                40,6          | 98              63.2         218        79,0           239             ?0,6              758          .       86.9 -               278     ;         88.4
     159       .          O.p              179                40.9
                                                                       -i
                                                                            199
                                                                               –. ·
                                                                                              65.2         219        79.7      ' m. n               ? l.l             259              . 87.1                   279               89,2
 ---pagebreak---   _     .·             1      \    1    y    1    V      1    V      1    V        1
                                                                                       "
    790        »V    300    79.0 320  44.3 34(1  0.0   360  49 . i 380  58.7   '     >    '■..o
    7tf              301    78.2 32·  39.9 341   0.0   361  so.;   381  58.6              O.0
    282    '   »0.4  302    77.4 322  34.6 342   0.0   362  SI.”   38 ? 57.9     ■72      O.o
    JM         W.h   JO )   76.0 323  32.3 343   0.0   363  52.1   383  56.5   <03        4.2
    t8<        88, S KM     74.2 324  30.7 344   0.0   364  54 .;  384  54,9   404        ■>.5
    2*5        87,7  305    72.4 325  29.8 345   0.0   365  55.1   385  53.9   405       14.5
    i?6        36.3  306    70.5 326  27,4 346   0.0   366  55.7   386  50.5 1 406      20.1
    287        84.5  307    68.6 327  24.9 347    1,6  367  56.2   3*7  46.7   407      25.4
    2H8        82.9  308  • 66.8 328  20,1 34*   6.9   368  56.0   388  41.4   408      30.7 .
    2M9        * 2.9 309    *4.9 329  17.4 349  12.2   369  55.5   389  37.0   409      36.0
    2Ό         « 7,9 310    62.0 330  12.9 350  17.5   J70  55.8   390  32.7   410      40,2
    :vi        * 2.2 311    59.5 331   7.6 351  22.9   371  57.1   391  2*,2   411      41.2
    292        80,6  312    56.6 332   2.3 352  27.8   372  57.9   392  23.3   412      44.3
    273        80,5  313    34,4 333   0.0 35J  32.2   373  57.9   393  19.3   413      46.7
    2«4        80.6  314    52.3 334   o.o 354  36.2   374  57.9   394  14.0   414      48.3
    2V5      ' 80.5  315    50.7 335   0.0 355  3S.I   375  57.9   395   8.7   415      48.4
    296        79.8  316    49.2 336   0.0 356  40.6   376  57.9   396   3.4   416       48.3
    2V 7       •»9,7 317    49.1 337   0.0 357  42.8   377  57.9   397   0.0   417      47.8     I
    298        29.7  318    4*3  338   0.0 358  * 5.2  37 * 58.1   398   0.0   418       47.2
    29V        79,7  319    46.7 339                                                            VjJ
                                       0.0 359  46.3   379  58.6   399   0.0   < 19      46.3   -O
      1           V    1      V    1    V     1    y     1    V      t    V        t        y    I
    420        45.1  440     0.0 460  54.1 480  56.6   500  21.2   520  25.7   540       40,6
    421        40.2  441     0.0 461  56,0 481  56.3   501  16.6   521  28.5   541       40.2
    422        34.9  442     0.0 462  56.5 482  56.5   502  11,6   522  30,6   542       40.2
    427        79.6  443     0.0 463  57.3 483  56.6   503   6.4   523  32.3   543       40J
    424        24.3  444     0.0 464  58.1 484  57.1   504    1.6  524  33.6   544       39J
    425        19.0  445     0.0 465  57.9 485  56.6   505   0.0   525  35.4   545       37.2
    426        1 3.7 446     0.0 466  58.1 4K6  56.3   506   0.0   526  37.0   546       31.9
    427          *.4 447     0.0 467  58.3 487  56.3   507   0.0   527  38.3   547       26.6
    428          3.1 448     5.3 468  57.9 488  56.3   508   0.0   528  39.4   548       21.2
    429          0.0 449    10.6 469  57.5 489  56.0   509   0.0   529  40.1   549       15.9
    430          0.0 450    15.9 470  57.9 490  55.7 · 510   0.0   530  40.2   550       10,6
    431          0.0 451    213  471  57.9 491  55.8   SU     1.9  531  40.2   5M          5.3
    432          0.0 452    26.6 472  57.3 492  53.9   512   5.6   532  40.2   552        0.0
    433          0.0 453    31.0 473  57.1 493  51.5   513   8.9   533  40.2   55J        0.0
    434          0.0 454    37J  474  57.0 494  46.4   514  10,5   534  40.2   554        0.0
    435          0.0 455    42.5 475  56.6 495  45.1   515  13.7   535  40.2   555        0.0
    436          o.o 456    *4.7 476  56.6 496  41.0   516  15.4   536  41.2   556        0.0
    437          0.0 457    46.8 477  56,6 497  36.2   517  16.9   537  41.5   557        0.0
    438          0.0 458    50.7 478  56,6 498  31.9   518  19.2   538  41.8   558        0.0
  _439           0.0 459    53.1 479 _56.6 499  26,6   519  22.5   539  41.2   559        0.0
M
 ---pagebreak---      t    V      1    V       1    V    t   V    1      V    1    V         1     V
560      0.0  580   28.5   600  34.8  620  0.0 640     0.0 660 41.2      680     0.0
561      0.0  581   28.2   601  35,4  621  0.0 641     0.0 661 41.8      681     0.0
562     0.0   582   27.4   602  36.0  622  0.0 642     0.0 662 43.9      682     0.0
563     0.0   583   27.2   603  36.2  623  0.0 643     0.0 663 <3.1      683     0.0
564     0.0   584   26.7   604  36.2  624  0.0 644     0.0 664 42.3      684     0.0
565     0.0   585   27.4   605  36.2  625  0.0 645     0.0 665 42.5      685     o.o·
566     0.0   586   27.5   606  36.5  626  0.0 646     3.2 666 42.6      686     0.0
567     0.0   587   27.4   607  38.1  627  0.0 647     7.2 667 42.6      687     0.0
568     0.0   588   26.7   608  40.4  628  0.0 648    12.6 668 41.8      688     0.0
569      5.3  589   26.6   609  41.8  629  0.0 649    16.4 669 41.0      689     0.0
570    10.6   590   26.6   610  42.6  630  0.0 650   20.1  670 38.0      690     0.0
571    15.9   591   26.7   611  43.5  631  0.0 651 • 22.5  671 34.4      691     0.0
572    20.9   592   27.4   612  42.0  632  0.0 652   24.6  672 29.8      692     0.0
573    23.5   593   28.3   613  36.7  633  0.0 653   28.2  673 26,4      693     0.0
574    25.7   594   29.8   614  31.4  634  0.0 654   31.5  674 23.3      694     2.3
575    27.4   595   30.9   615  26.1  635  0.0 655   33.8  675  18.7 -   695     5.3
576    27.4   596   77.5   616  20.8  636  0.0 656   35.7  676  14.0     696     7.1
577    21.4   597   3.· .* 617  15.4  637  0.0 657   37.5  677   9.3     697          O
                                                                                10.5
571    28.2   598   34.0   618  10. 1 638  0.0 658   39.4  678   5.6     698          I
                                                                                14.8
579    28.5   599   RI     619    4.8 639  0.0 659   40.7  679   3.2     699    11.2
   1      V       1    V      1    V    t   V    1      V    1    V         1     V
700    21.7   720   24.1   740  41.0  760 15.1 780   44.3  800 45.1      820   50.9
701    23.5   721    19,3  741  42.6  761 10,0 781   45.1  801 45.9      821   50.7
702    26.4   722    14.5  742  43.6  762  4.8 782   45.5  802 48.3      822   49.2
 703    26.9  723    10.0  743  44.4  763  2.4 783   46.5  803 49.9      823   48.3
704     26.6  724     7.2  744  44.9  764  2.4 784   46.5  804 51.5    - 824   48.1
 705    26.6  725     4.8  745  45.5  765  0.8 785   46.5  805 53.1      825   48.1
 706    29.3  726     3.4  746  46.0  766  0.0 786   46.3  806 53.1      826   48.1
 707    30.9  727     0.8  747  46.0  767  4.8 787   45.9  807 54.1      827   48.1
 708    32.3   728    0.8  748  45.5  768 10.1 788   45.5  808 54.7      828   47.6
 709    34.6   729    5.1  749  45.4  769 15.4 789   45.5  809 55.2      829   47.5
 710    36.2   730   10.5   750 45.1  770 20,8 790   45.5  810 55.0      830   47.5
 711    36.2   731   15.4'  751 44J   771 25.4 791   45.4  811 54.7      831   47.2
 712    35.6   732   20.1   752 43.1  772 28.2 792   44,4  812 54.7      832   46.5
 713    36.5   733   22.5   753 41.0  773 29.6 793   44.3  813 54.6      * 33  45.4
 714    37.5   734   25.7   754  37.8 774 31.4 794   44.3  814 54.1      834   44.6
  715    37.8  735   29,0   755  34.6 775 33.3 795   44.3  815 53.3      8)5 i 41.5
  716    36.2  736   31.5   756  30.6 776 35.4 796   44.3  816 53.1      836   41.0
  717    34.8  737   34.6   757  26.6 777 37.3 797   44.3  817 52.3      8)7   RI
  718    33.0  738   37.2   758  24.0 778 40.2 798   44.3  818 51.5      838   35.4
  719    29.0   739  39.4   759  20.1 779 42.6 799   44.4  819 51.3      8)9   33.0
 ---pagebreak---              X
                             %      1     V       1       V       1        \      t      *    !    •
  lit,    3>.‘ '*  860    46.7   880    46.8   * 10    47.3    920      36.4   94U    40.2    · V6C         .2
  tol     iï'f     *•-4.1 46.8   8X1    46.7   v»i     42 >    921      37.7   941    39.6    i V6I       8.5
  S -*¿
  t·..'
          y. )
           ■ V :.
                   862
                   863
                          46.7
                          45.2
                                 882
                                  881
                                        46.5
                                        45.9
                                               902
                                               903
                                                       42.6
                                                       42.6
                                                               922
                                                               923
                                                                        38.6
                                                                        38.9
                                                                               942
                                                                               943
                                                                                      39.6
                                                                                      38.8 !
                                                                                              ¡ 962
                                                                                                963
                                                                                                         13.8
                                                                                                         19.2
  tï-.i    •4.4    864    44.3    884   45.2   904     42.6     924     39.3   944    39.4      964    • 24.5
  KiS     35.4     865    43.5    885   45.1   905     42.3    925      4C.I   945    40.4      965      28.2
  846     36.4     866    41.5    886   45.1   906     42.2     926     40.4    946   41.2      966      29.9
  847     37.3     867    40.2    887   44.4   907     42.2     927     40.6    947   40.4      967      32.2
  848     36 6     868    39.4    888   4.7.8   *JX    41.7     928     40.7    948   38.6       961     34.0
  814     40,2     869    J9.9    889   42,8    909    41.2     929     41.0    »49   35.4      969      35.4
  * 5«    41.8     870    40.4    890   43.5   910     41.2     930     40.6    950   32,1      970      37.0
  851     42.8     871    41.0    891   44.3    911    41.7     931     40.2    951   tu        97 1     39.4
  852     42.8     872    41.4    892   44.7    912    41.5     932     40.3    952   21.9      972      42:3
  853     43,1     873    42.2    893   45,1    913    41.0     933     40.2    953    16.6      973     44.3
  854     43.5     874    43.3    894   44.7    914    39.6     934     39.8    954    MJ        974     45.2
  855     43.8     875    44.3    895   45.1    915    37.8     935     39.4    955     6.0      975     45.7
  856     44.7     876    44.7    896   45.1    916    35.7     936     39.1    956     0.6      976     45.9
  857     45.2      877   45.7    897   45.1    917    34.8     937     39.1    957     0.0      977     45.9   I
  858     46.3      878   46.7    898   44.6    918    34.8     938   ' 39.4    958     0.0      978     45.9
  859     46.5      879   47.0    899   44.1    919     34,9    939     40.2    959      0.0     979      44.6
              V         1     \      1     V        1      l        1       V       1     Ψ          1       V
  980     44.3    1000     37.8  1020    12.2  1040       0.0  1060      32.2  1080    29.0     1100        0.0
  981     43.8    1001     38.6  1021     6.9  1041       0.0  1061      35.1  1081    24.1     1101        0.2
  981     43.1    1002     39.6  1072     1.6  1042       0.0  1062      37.0  1082    10.8     1102        1.0
  983     47.6    1003     39.9  1023     0.0  1043       o.u  1063      38.6  1083    17.9     110.1       2.6
   984    41.8    1004     40.4  1024     0.0  1044       0.0  1064      39.9  1084    17.1     1104        5.8
   985    41.4    1005     41.0  1035     0.0  1045       0.0  1065      41.2  1085    16.1     1105       ll.l
   986     40.6   1006     41.2  1026     0.0  1046       0.0  1066      42.6  1086     15.3    1106       16.1
   987     38,6   1007     41.0  1027     0.0  1047       0.0  1067      43.1  1087    14.6     1107      20,6
   988      35.4  1008     40.2  1028     0.0  1048       0.0  1068      44.1  1088    14.0     1108      22.5
   989     34.6   1009     38.8  1029     0.0  1049       00   1069      44.9  1089     13.8    1109      23.3
   990      34.6  1010     38.1  1030     0.0  1050       0.0  1070      45.5  1090     14.2    tito      25.7
   991      35.1  1011     37.3  1031     0.0  1051       0.0  1071      45.1  1091     14.5    lili       29.1
   997      36.2   1012    36.9  1032     0.0  1052       0.0  1072      44.3  1092     14.0    1112       32.2
   995      37.0   1013     36.2 103.1    0.0  1053        1.9 1073      43.5  1093     13.8    II 12     33.8
   994      36.7   1014     35.4  1034    0.0  1054       6.4  1074      43.5  1094     12.9    1114       34.1
   945      36.7   101 *    34.8  1035    0.0  1055      11.7  1075      42.3  1095     II J    1115       34.1
   996      37.0   1016     33.0  1036    0.0  1056      17.1  1076      39.4  1096       8.0   1116       34.4
   •; 9 :   36.5   1017     28.2  1037     0.0 1057      22.4   1077     36.2  1097      6.8    un         34.9
   9VS      36.5    1018    22.9  1038     0.0  1058     27 4   1078     34 6  1098       4.2   1118       36.2
   yyi      36.5    11-19   17.5  1079 _031     1059_ _ 29.8    1079      33.2 1099       1.6   1119       37.0
M
 ---pagebreak---         1     V          1     V      1      V       1   V        1    V        1   V        1
  1120     )».)     1140    41.8   1160    0.0   1180  32.2   1200   10.5  1220   34.6   1240  9.7
  1121     )9.4     1141    41.0   1161    0.0   MSI   26.9   1201  15,8   1221   35.1   1241  6.4
  1122     40.2     1142    )9.6   1162    0.0   1182  21.6   1202  19.)   1222   35.4   1242   4.0
  112 )    40.1     114 )   )7,8   116)    0.0   118 ) 16.)   120 ) 20.8   122 )  35.2   124 )  |,|
  1124     )9,9     1144    )4.6   1164    0.0   1184  10.9   1204  20.9   1224   34.9   1244  0.0
  1125     40.2     1145    )2.2   1165    0.0   1185   5.6   1205  20.3   1225   34.6   1245  0.0
  1126     40.9     114«    28.2   1166    0.0   1186   0.)   1206  20.6   1226   34.6   1246  0.0
  1127     41.5     1147    25.7   1167    0.0   1187   0.0   1207  21.1   1227   34.4   1247  0.0
  1121     41 .»    1141    22.5   1168    0.0-  1188   0.0   1208  21.1   1228   32.)   1248  0.0
  1129     «.5      1149    Π.2    1169     3.4  1189   0.0   1209  22.)   12 »   31.4   1249  0.0
  11)0     42.«     1150    11,9   1170     8.7  1190   0.0   1210  24.9   12)0   30.9   1250  0.0
  11)1     4).)     1151      6.6  1171   14.0   1191   0.0   1211  27.4   12)1   31.5 ' 1251  0.0
  11)2     4 ).5    1152       1.3 1172   19.)   1192   0.0   1212  29.9   12)2   31.9   1252  1.6
  II ))    4).5     115 )     0.0  117 )  24.6   119 )  0.0   121 ) 31.7   12 ))  32.2   125 ) 1,6
  11)4     4),5     1154      0.0  1174   ».9    1194   0.0   1214  33 .»  12)4   31.4   1254   1.6
   11)5    4).)     1155      0.0  117 )  34.0   1195   0.0   1215  34.6   12)5   28.2   1255   1.6  i
   11)6    4).l      1156     0.0  1176   37.0   1196   0.0   1216  35.1   12)6   24.9   1256   1.6
   11)7     45.1     1157     0.0  1177   37.»   1197   0.3   1217  35.1   12)7   20.9   1257  2.6
                                                                                                    PO
   II)·     42.6     1 1 SS   0.0  1178   37.0   1198   2.4   121 » 34.6   12)8   16.1   1258       i
                                                                                               4.8
   11)9     42.5     1159     0.0  1179   36.2   1199   5.6   1219  34.1   12)9   12.9   17)9  6.4
       1       V                V            V       1   V        1    V       1    V
   1260       ».0    12(0    39.4  1300   45.5   1)20   0.0   1340  D.O    1)60   26.6
   1261      10.1    1281    )l,6  1)01   46.7   1)21   0.0   1)41  18.)   1)61   74.9
    1262     12.9    1282    37.8  1)02   46.8   1)22   0.0   1)42  21.2   1)62   22.5
    126)     16.1     128 )  37.»  1)0)   46.7   132 )  0.0   1)4)  24J    1)6 )  17.7
    1264     16.9     1284   37 .»  1)04  45.1   1)24   0.0   1)44  27.0   1)64   12.9
    1265     I5J      1285   37.8   1)05  39.8   1)25   0.0   1)45  ».s    1)65    6.4
    1266     D.7      1286   37.8   1306  34.4   1)26   0.0   1)46  ) 1 .4 1)66    4.0
    1267     12.2     1287   37.8   1)07  ».1    1)27   0.0   1)47  32.7   1)67    0.0
    126«      14.2    1288   38.6   1)08  7)8    1)28   0.0   1)4 » 34.)   1)68    0.0
    1269      17.7    1789   38,8   1309   18.5  DN     0.0   1)49  35.2   1)69    0.0
    1270     22.5     1290   39.4   1)10   DJ    13)0   0.0   1350  35.6   1)70    0.0
    1271      27.4    l»l     )9,8  DM      7.9  13)1   0.0   1)51  36.0   1)71    0.0
     1272     )* .4   l»2    40.2   1)12     2.6 1)32   0.0 ' 1)52  35.4
     127 )    ))»     1 »)   40.9   1)1 )   0.0  1)3 )  0.0   1)5 ) 34.8
     1274     ):.!     1294   41.7  1)14    0.0  1)34   0.0   1)54  34.0
     127 )    ) 5.7    1295   41.4  1)15    0.0  1335   0.0   1)55  )).o
     1276     )7.0     1296   41.8  1)16    0.0  1336   0.0   1)56  32.2
     1277     )*.0     1297   42,2  1)17     0.0 1337   0.0   1)57  31.5
     127 »     )M      1291   m.i   1)18    0.0  1 3)8  2.4   1)58  ».8
M    12 »      )9,4    1299   44.7  1)19     0.0 1)39   2.7   1)59  28.2
 ---pagebreak---          43
     APPENDIX 2
CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
 ---pagebreak---                                                       44
 1 .           DEFINITION
               id. 1 Appendix 2 Annex 3 , but replace " 50 km/h " by " 80,5 km/h ".
 2.            METHOD OF CALIBRATING THE DYNAMOMETER
 2.1 .         id. 2.1 . Appendix 2 Annex III .,
 2.2 .         Calibrating the power indicator to 80,5 km/h .
 2.2.1 .       The dynamometer must be calibrated at least once each month or performance
               verified at least once each week with a view to calibration if required .
               Calibration must be carried out at 80,5 km/h in accordance with the proce¬
               dure described below . The measured absorbed power comprises the power
               absorbed by frictional effects and the power absorbed by the power
               absorption device . The dynamometer is driven above the test speed range .
               The device used for starting up the dynamometer is then disengaged from
               the dynamometer and the roller(s ) is ( are ) allowed to coast down . The
               kinetic energy of the roller is dissipated by the power absorption device
               and frictional effects . This method disregards variations in the internal
               friction of the rollers when carrying a load or running free . The fric¬
               tional effects of the rear roll shall be disregarded when this is free .
2 . 2 . 1.1 . Measure the rotational speed of the drive roller if this has not already
              been done . A fifth wheel , a revolution counter or other suitable means
              may be used .
2.2.1 . 2 .   Place a vehicle on the dynamometer or use another method of starting up
              the dynamometer .
2 . 2 . 1.3 . Engage the flywheel or other system of inertia simulation for the most
              common vehicle mass category for which the dynamometer is used . In
              addition other vehicle mass categories may be calibrated , if desired .
2.2 . 1 . 4 . Drive the dynamometer up to 80,5 km/h .
2.2.1 . 5 .   Record indicated road power .
2 . 2 . 1.6 . Drive the dynamometer up to 96,9 km/h .
2 . 2 . 1.7 . Disengage the device used to drive the dynamometer .
2 . 2 . 1.8 . Record the time for the dynamometer drive roller to coast down from
              88,5 km/h to 72,4 km/h .
2.2.1 . 9 .   Adjust the power absorption device to a different level .
2.2.1.10 .    Repeat steps 2 . 2 . 1.1 to 2 . 2 . 1.9 above a sufficient number of times to cover
              the range of absorbed power used .
2.2.1.11 .    Calculate the power absorbed .        See 2.2.3 .
                                                                                     •••/•••
                                                                                           E
 ---pagebreak---                                                          •   -
   2 . 2.1 . JP .       Plot power indicated at 80,5 km/h
                        versus absorbed power ( as shown in
                        Figure A ).
              The performance check consists of conducting a dynamometer
              coastdown at one or more Inertia-horsepower settings and
              comparing the coastdown time to that recorded during the last
              calibration . If the coastdown times differ by more than 1g a
              new calibration is required .
  2.2.3 . Calculations . The power actually absorbed by the
              dynamometer is calculated from the following équation :
                                                2
                                              V
              Pa             U                    2
                                 - ?ϋϋοτ-
              Pa = Power ( kilowatt )
              W = Equivalent inertTa ( kg )
              V 1 = Initial Velocity                ( m/ s )
                     = Final Velocity           (m/ s )
              1 = elapsed time for rollers to coast. from 88,5 to 72,4 km /h
-J-
22 r.
ZL   \
o     £
'ù
2: o
-L: JO
                                               POWER IND1CATED AT 80,5 km / h
                                            POWER ABSORBED = f/ POWER INDICATED
  2■*           iJ . y. y          Aporndix 2 Ar.nex III .
               - '.oit: t -.- ri .
                                                                                ./...
                                                                                    E
 ---pagebreak---                                                    -  *5  -
  3.              SETTING OK THE DYNAMOMETER
  3.1 .           Vacuum method : id. 3.1 . Appendix 2 Annex 3 , but replace " at the speed of
                  Mi km/ h " by " at the speed of 80,5 km/h".
  3.2 .           Other Retting method : id. 3 .¿. Appendix 2 Annex 3 , but replace " at the
                  speedi of 50 km/h" by "at the speed of 80,5 km/h".
  3.3 .           Alternative method
 3.3.1 .          The power absorption device is adjusted to reproduce power absorbed at
                  80,5 km/h true speed . The dynamometer power absorption must take into
                  account the dynamometer friction .
                     The following method has been established for small twin-roll
                    dynamometers having a nominal roll diameter of 220 mm and a nominal
                    roll spacing of 432 mm and large single-roll dynamometers having
                    a nominal roll-diameter of 1219 mm. Dynamometers with other roll
                    specifications may be used if approved by the technical service .
3.3.2 .          The dynamometer road load setting is determined from the equivalent test
                 mass , the reference frontal area , the body shape , the vehicle
                 protuberances and the tyre type according to the following equations .
3 . 3 . 2.1 .. For light-duty vehicles to be tested on a twin roller
                dynamometer :
                P^ = aA + P + tw
                where : P^ s setting at 80,5 km/h ( kW )
                A = The vehicle reterence frontal Area ( m. ) .  The
                vehicle reference frontal area is defineé as the area of
                the orthogonal projection of the vehicle including tyres
                and suspension components , but excluding vehicle
               protuberances , on to a plane perpendicular to both the
                longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the surface upon
               which the vehicle is positioned . Measurements of this
               area are computed to the nearest hundredth of a
               square metre using a method approved in advance by the
                technical service responsible for the tests .
               P - the protuberance power correction factor from table 1
                     of this section
               W = vehicle equivalent test mass ( kg )
               a - 3,45 for f astback-shaped vehicles ; = 4,01 for all
                     other light-duty vehicles .
               t = OjO for vehicles equipped with radial-ply tyres = 4,93
                     X 10 -4 for all other vehicles .
               A vehicle is considered to have a fastback shape if the
               rearward projection of that portion of the rear surface
               (A? ) which slopes at an angle of less than 20 degrees
               from the hozizontal is at least 25 percent as large as
              the vehicle reference frontal area . In addition , this
              surface must be smooth , continuous , and free from any
               local transitions greater than four degrees . An example
              of a fastback shape is presented in Figure 1 .
 ---pagebreak---                  47 -
        » « JO *
ru«« l X^'» 9.23 1
                      K
 ---pagebreak---                                             - 48 -
TABLE 1 - PROTUBERANCE POWER ( P ) VERSUS TOTAL PROTUBERANCE FRONTAL AREA (A2p )
                  Ap ( m2 )
                      Ap <  0,03                               0,0
              0,03 « Ap  <  0,06                               0,30
              0,06 4 Ap  <  0,08                               0,52
              0,08 4 Ap  <  0,11                               0,75
              0,11 < Ap  <  0,14                               0,97
              0,14 < Ap  <  0,17                               1,19
              0,17 4 Ap  <  0,19                               1,42
              0,19 « Ap  <  0,22                               1,64
              0,22 < Ap  <  0,25                               1,87
              0,25 < Ap  <  0,28                               2,09
              0,28 < Ap                                        2,31
       The protuberance frontal area , Ap t is defined in a manner analogous to the
 definition of the vehicle reference frontal area , i.e. the total area of the
orthogonal projections of the vehicle mirrors , handles , roof racks , and other
 protuberances on to a plane perpendicular to both the longitudinal plane of
 the vehicle and the surface upon which the vehicle is positioned . A protuberance
 is defined as any fixture attached to the vehicle protruding more than
 2,54 cm from the vehicle surface and having a projected area greater than
 '>,00051 m ^ with the area calculated by a method approved in advance by the
 technical service responsible for the tests . Included in the total protuberance
 frontal area are all fixtures which occur as standard equipment . The area of
 any optional equipment is also included if it is expected that more than 33%
 of the vehicle range sold will be equipped with this option .
 ---pagebreak--- •; i,e dynamometer power absorber setting for light-duty vehicles is
rounded off to th>- nearest 0,1 kilowatt .
 The équation to be used for testing light-duty vehicles on a single ,
   large roiler uynamometer is as follows :
                              -4
 Рд = аА + Р + '(8,22 х 10       + 0,33 t)w
  Ail symbols in the above équation are defined in 3.3.2 . 1
                                                                       E
 ---pagebreak---                           APPENDIX 3
            RESISTANCE TO PROGRESS OF A VEHICLE
MEASUREMENT METHOD ON THE ROAD AND ON A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER
                   Id . Appendix 3 Annex III
 ---pagebreak---                            51
                   APPENDIX 4
VERIFICATION OF INERTIAS OTHER THAN MECHANICAL
            Id . Appendix 4 Annex HI
                                               J ...
                                                   E
 ---pagebreak---                             APPENDIX 5
                DEFINITION OF CAS SAMPLING SYSTEMS
id. Apftendix 5 Anne* III but 6 bags ( instead of two ) are necessary
                          on th« CVS
                                                                   • • •/» ■ ■
                                                                            E
 ---pagebreak---                 53
             APPENDIX 6
METHOD OF CALIBRATING THE EQUIPMENT
       id . Appendix 6 Annex III
 ---pagebreak---              54
        APPENDIX 7
TOTAL SYSTEM VERIFICATION
 id. Appendix 7 Annex III
 ---pagebreak---                                                  55
                                            APPENDIX 8
                   • CALCULATION Of THE MASS EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS
 The mass émissions of pollutants are calculated by the following
 equat ion :
                       И         И                      И
                         icT       i*       F üjj7        iHT_is
 Mi = 0.43             1       ♦~S                      S       + S
            '             cT        S                     HT        S
 where :
 Mi = mass émission of the pollutant i in grams per kilométré
 M. j. ~ mass émission of the pollutant i in grams during the first
              phase ( transient cold )
 m iHT = mass émission of the pollutant i in grams during the last
              pli.js.  ( transient iiot )
 M.      =    mass émission of the pollutant i in grams during the second
              plias»- ( statii ) i zed )
 S£T - distance ( in km)              which has been run dur ing- the first phase
 SHT = distance ( in km)              which has been run dur ing the last phase
 S     =      distance ( in km ) which has been run dur      ing the second phase
 The mass emissions of pollutants are calculated by means of the
 following
       Mi = V mi * x 0 i. X k H. x C.l x 10
 Mi = mass émission of the pollutant i in grams per phase
V    .           .        . .                                     ...
  mix = volume of the diluted exhaust gas expressed in litres per
              phase and corrected to standard conditions ( 273,2 K and
              101,33 kPa )
v.        = density of the pollutant i in grams per litre at normal
              t.empera.ture and pressure ( 273,2 K and 101,33 kPa )
k ..      r humidity correction factor used for the calculation of tno
             mp?r «-m' ssions of oxides of nit.i-open .      Ther* <s no htfliidi.'lj»
             cnrre - tien f<>r H'T . ird 0<>
L\        - content: ation oi Lr.t- pollutant i in the diluted exhaust gas
             expressed in ppm and corrected by the amount of the pollutant i
             contai ..». J In the dilution air
                                                                                       E
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 56 -
        III . C.l
                                IMPACT ASSESSMENT FORM
Subject : Draft proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive
              70/220/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
              relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases
              from the engines of motor vehicles
1 . ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTRAINTS RESULTING FROM THE APPLICATION OF LEGISLATION
    CONCERNING ENTERPRISES
    No additional administrative constraints are expected compared to those of
    the presently applicable Community measures on this matter .
2 . ΚΕΕΙΕνΕΕ ΓΟΗ ΤΗΕ ΕΝΤΕΗΡΚΙ5Ε5
    ΥΡ£ /ΝΟ
    WHICH ONES ?
3 . DISADVANTAGES TO ENTERPRISES
    ( additional costs )
    Compliance with the proposed measures will result in increased production
    costs for the automobile manufacturers . These costs vary , however , for
    the different manufacturers operating in the Comnunity , depending essen¬
    tially on whether they dispose already of the technologies necessary what
    is generally the case for manufacturers exporting significant numbers of
    cars to the US market . This costs will obviously be passed on to the
    European consumer i.e. the automobile buyer , and will result in a purchase
    price increase of around 5 % independently of the size ( cubic capacity ) of
    the car .
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 57 -
4 . EFFECTS ON EMPLOYKENT
    In general , no quantifiable effect on employment can be indicated .
    However , suppliers of precision equipment , e.g. fuel injection systems ,
    electronic controls for ignition systems , nobel metal catalytic devices ,
    may experience an increased demand in skilled labour .
5 . HAS THERE BEEN A PREVIOUS CONSULTATION VITH SOCIAL PARTNERS ?
    OPINION OF SOCIAL PARTNERS
6 . IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH WHI CH ENTAI LS FEVER CONSTRAINTS ?