CELEX: 32020D0512
Language: en
Date: 2020-04-07 00:00:00
Title: Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/512 of 7 April 2020 amending Decision 2011/235/CFSP concerning restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities in view of the situation in Iran

8.4.2020   
               
               
                  EN
               
               
                  Official Journal of the European Union
               
               
                  L 113/22
               
            
         COUNCIL DECISION (CFSP) 2020/512
         of 7 April 2020
         amending Decision 2011/235/CFSP concerning restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities in view of the situation in Iran
         THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
         Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 29 thereof,
         Having regard to the proposal of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,
         Whereas:
         
                     (1)
                  
                  
                     On 12 April 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/235/CFSP (1).
                  
               
                     (2)
                  
                  
                     On the basis of a review of Decision 2011/235/CFSP, the Council considers that the restrictive measures set out therein should be renewed until 13 April 2021.
                  
               
                     (3)
                  
                  
                     The Council has also concluded that the entries concerning 82 persons included in the Annex to Decision 2011/235/CFSP should be updated.
                  
               
                     (4)
                  
                  
                     Decision 2011/235/CFSP should therefore be amended accordingly,
                  
               HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
         
            Article 1
            Decision 2011/235/CFSP is amended as follows:
            
                        (1)
                     
                     
                        in Article 6, paragraph 2 is replaced by the following:
                        
                                    ‘2.
                                 
                                 
                                    This Decision shall apply until 13 April 2021. It shall be kept under constant review. It shall be renewed, or amended as appropriate, if the Council deems that its objectives have not been met.’;
                                 
                              
                  
                        (2)
                     
                     
                        the Annex is amended as set out in the Annex to this Decision.
                     
                  
         
            Article 2
            This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
         
         
            Done at Brussels, 7 April 2020.
            
               
                  For the Council
               
               
                  The President
               
               G. GRLIĆ RADMAN
            
         
         
            (1)  Council Decision 2011/235/CFSP of 12 April 2011 concerning restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities in view of the situation in Iran (OJ L 100, 14.4.2011, p. 51).
      
      
         
            ANNEX
            The entries for the following persons set out in the Annex to Decision 2011/235/CFSP are replaced by the following:
            Persons
            
               
                            
                        
                        
                           Name
                        
                        
                           Identifying information
                        
                        
                           Reasons
                        
                        
                           Date of listing
                        
                     
                           ‘1.
                        
                        
                           AHMADI-MOQADDAM Esmail
                        
                        
                           POB: Tehran (Iran)
                           DOB: 1961
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former Senior Advisor for Security Affairs to the Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff. Chief of Iran's National Police from 2005 until early 2015. Also Head of the Iranian Cyber Police (listed) from January 2011 until early 2015. Forces under his command led brutal attacks on peaceful protests, and a violent night time attack on the dormitories of Tehran University on 15 June 2009. Currently head of Iran's Headquarters in support of the Yemeni People.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           2.
                        
                        
                           ALLAHKARAM Hossein
                        
                        
                           POB: Najafabad (Iran)
                           DOB: 1945
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of Ansar-e Hezbollah Coordination Council and former general in the IRGC. He co-founded Ansar-e Hezbollah. This paramilitary force was responsible for extreme violence during crackdown against students and universities in 1999, 2002 and 2009.
                           He maintains his senior role in an organisation which is ready to commit human rights violations against the public, including promoting aggression against women for their choice of clothing.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           3.
                        
                        
                           ARAGHI (ERAGHI) Abdollah
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                           Title: Brigadier-General
                        
                        
                           Brigadier-General in the IRGC. Head of the Security Department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces. Former Deputy Head of IRGC's Ground Forces. He had a direct and personal responsibility in the crackdown of protests all through the summer of 2009.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           4.
                        
                        
                           FAZLI Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                           Title: Brigadier-General
                        
                        
                           Chief of the Imam Hossein Cadet College (since 2018). Former deputy Commander of the Basij (2009-2018), Head of the IRGC's Seyyed al-Shohada Corps, Tehran Province (until February 2010). The Seyyed al-Shohada Corps is in charge of security in Tehran province and played a key role in brutal repression of protesters in 2009.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           6.
                        
                        
                           JAFARI Mohammad-Ali (a.k.a. "Aziz Jafari")
                        
                        
                           POB: Yazd (Iran)
                           DOB: 1.9.1957
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Director of the Hazrat-e Baqiatollah Social and Cultural Base. Former Commander of the IRGC (September 2007 - April 2019). IRGC and the Sarollah Base commanded by General Mohammad-Ali (Aziz) Jafari have played a key role in illegally interfering with the 2009 Presidential Elections, arresting and detaining political activists, as well as clashing with protestors in the streets.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           7.
                        
                        
                           KHALILI Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           IRGC General, in a senior role within the Sarollah Base. He signed a letter sent to the Ministry of Health June 26, 2009 forbidding the submission of documents or medical records to anyone injured or hospitalized during post-elections events.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           8.
                        
                        
                           MOTLAGH Bahram Hosseini
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former head of the Army Command and General Staff College (DAFOOS). Former Head of the IRGC's Seyyed al‐Shohada Corps, Tehran Province. The Seyyed al-Shohada Corps played a key role in organising the repression of protests in 2009.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           9.
                        
                        
                           NAQDI Mohammad-Reza
                        
                        
                           POB: Najaf (Iraq)
                           DOB: Circa 1952
                           Gender: male
                           Title: Brigadier-General
                        
                        
                           Deputy Coordinator of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Former Deputy Chief of the IRGC for cultural and social affairs. Former Commander of the Basij (2009‐2016). As commander of the IRGC's Basij Forces, Naqdi was responsible for or complicit in Basij abuses occurring in late 2009, including the violent response to the December 2009 Ashura Day protests, which resulted in up to 15 deaths and the arrests of hundreds of protesters. Prior to his appointment as commander of the Basij in October 2009, Naqdi was the head of the intelligence unit of the Basij responsible for interrogating those arrested during the post‐election crackdown.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           10.
                        
                        
                           RADAN Ahmad-Reza
                        
                        
                           POB: Isfahan (Iran)
                           DOB: 1963
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of the Centre for Strategic Studies of the Iranian Law Enforcement Force, a body linked to the National Police. Deputy Chief of Iran's National Police until June 2014. As Deputy Chief of National Police from 2008, Radan was responsible for beatings, murder, and arbitrary arrests and detentions against protestors that were committed by the police forces. Currently IRGC commander in charge of training Iraqi "anti-terrorist" forces.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           11.
                        
                        
                           RAJABZADEH Azizollah
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor to the mayor of Tehran. Former Head of Tehran Disaster Mitigation Organisation (2010-2013). As Head of Tehran Police until January 2010 he was responsible for violent police attacks on protesters and students. As Commander of the Law Enforcement Forces in the Greater Tehran, Azizollah Rajabzadeh was the highest ranking accused in the case of abuses in Kahrizak Detention Centre in December 2009.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           12.
                        
                        
                           SAJEDI-NIA Hossein
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Police Operations Deputy Commander. Former head of Tehran Police, former Deputy Chief of Iran's National Police responsible for Police Operations. He is in charge of coordinating, for the Ministry of Interior, repression operations in the Iranian capital.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           13.
                        
                        
                           TAEB Hossein
                        
                        
                           POB: Tehran (Iran)
                           DOB: 1963
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of the IRGC intelligence organisation since October 2009. His responsibilities were expanded in May 2019 with the merging the Office of the Deputy of Strategic Intelligence of the IRGC and the IRGC's Intelligence Organization. Commander of the Basij until October 2009. Forces under his command participated in mass beatings, murders, detentions and tortures of peaceful protestors.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           14.
                        
                        
                           SHARIATI Seyeed Hassan
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor and Member of the 28th Section of the Supreme Court. Head of Mashhad Judiciary until September 2014. Trials under his supervision have been conducted summarily and inside closed sessions, without adherence to basic rights of the accused, and with reliance on confessions extracted under pressure and torture. As execution rulings were issued en masse, death sentences were issued without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           15.
                        
                        
                           DORRI-NADJA-FABADI Ghorban-Ali
                        
                        
                           POB: Najafabad (Iran)
                           DOB: 1945
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Member of the Assembly of Experts and representative of the Supreme Leader in Markazi ("Central") Province and Head of the Supreme Administrative Court. Prosecutor General of Iran until September 2009, as well as former Intelligence minister under Khatami presidency. As Prosecutor General of Iran, he ordered and supervised the show trials following the first post-election protests, where the accused were denied their rights, and an attorney.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           16.
                        
                        
                           HADDAD Hassan (alias Hassan ZAREH DEHNAVI)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former Deputy Safety Officer of Teheran Revolutionary Court. Former Judge, Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 26. He was in charge of the detainee cases related to the post‐election crises and regularly threatened families of detainees in order to silence them. He has been instrumental in issuing detention orders to the Kahrizak Detention Centre in 2009. In November 2014, his role in the deaths of detainees was officially recognised by the Iranian authorities.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           17.
                        
                        
                           SOLTANI Hodjatoleslam Seyed Mohammad
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of the Organisation for Islamic Propaganda in the province of Khorasan- Razavi. Judge, Mashhad Revolutionary Court until 2013. Trials under his jurisdiction have been conducted summarily and inside closed session, without adherence to basic rights of the accused. As execution rulings were issued en masse, death sentences were issued without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           18.
                        
                        
                           HEYDARIFAR Ali-Akbar
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former judge, Tehran Revolutionary Court. He participated in protesters trials. He was questioned by the judiciary about Kahrizak abuses. He was instrumental in issuing detention orders to consign detainees to Kahrizak Detention Centre in 2009. In November 2014, his role in the deaths of detainees was officially recognised by the Iranian authorities.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           19.
                        
                        
                           JAFARI-DOLA-TABADI Abbas
                        
                        
                           POB: Yazd (Iran)
                           DOB: 1953
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former prosecutor general of Tehran (August 2009 - April 2019). Dolatabadi's office indicted a large number of protesters, including individuals who took part in the December 2009 Ashura Day protests. He ordered the closure of Karroubi's office in September 2009 and the arrest of several reformist politicians, and he banned two reformist political parties in June 2010. His office charged protesters with the charge of Muharebeh, or enmity against God, which carries a death sentence, and denied due process to those facing the death sentence. His office also targeted and arrested reformists, human rights activists, and members of the media, as part of a broad crackdown on the political opposition.
                           In October 2018 he announced to the media that four detained Iranian environmental activists were to be charged with "sowing corruption on earth", a charge which carries the death penalty.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           20.
                        
                        
                           MOGHISSEH Mohammad (a.k.a. NASSERIAN)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge, Head of Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 28. Also considered responsible for condemnations of members of the Baha'i community. He has dealt with post-election cases. He issued long prison sentences during unfair trials for social, political activists and journalists and several death sentences for protesters and social and political activists.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           21.
                        
                        
                           MOHSENI-EJEI Gholam‐Hossein
                        
                        
                           POB: Ejiyeh
                           DOB: circa 1956
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Member of the Expediency Council. Prosecutor General of Iran since September 2009 and Deputy Head and spokesman of the Judiciary. Former Intelligence minister during the 2009 elections. While he was Intelligence minister during the 2009 election, intelligence agents under his command were responsible for detention, torture and extraction of false confessions under pressure from hundreds of activists, journalists, dissidents, and reformist politicians. In addition, political figures were coerced into making false confessions under unbearable interrogations, which included torture, abuse, blackmail, and the threatening of family members.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           22.
                        
                        
                           MORTAZAVI Said
                        
                        
                           POB: Meybod, Yazd (Iran)
                           DOB: 1967
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Prosecutor General of Tehran until August 2009. As Tehran Prosecutor General, he issued a blanket order used for the detention of hundreds of activists, journalists and students. In January 2010 a parliamentary investigation held him directly responsible for the detention of three prisoners who subsequently died in custody. He was suspended from office in August 2010 after an investigation by the Iranian judiciary into his role in the deaths of the three men detained on his orders following the election. In November 2014, his role in the deaths of detainees was officially recognised by the Iranian authorities. He was acquitted by an Iranian Court on 19 August 2015, on charges connected to the torture and deaths of three young men at the Kahrizak detention centre in 2009.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           23.
                        
                        
                           PIR-ABASSI Abbas
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Magistrate of a Criminal chamber. Former Judge, Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 26. He was in charge of post‐election cases. He issued long prison sentences during unfair trials against human rights activists and issued several death sentences for protesters.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           24.
                        
                        
                           MORTAZAVI Amir
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy head of the Unit for Social Affairs and Crime Prevention at the judiciary in the province of Khorasan‐Razavi. Deputy Prosecutor of Mashhad until at least 2015. Trials under his prosecution have been conducted summarily and inside closed session, without adherence to basic rights of the accused. As execution rulings were issued en masse, death sentences were issued without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           25.
                        
                        
                           SALAVATI Abdolghassem
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge, Head of Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 15. Committing Judge in the Tehran Tribunal. In charge of the post-election cases, he was the Judge presiding the "show trials" in summer 2009, he condemned to death two monarchists that appeared in the show trials. He has sentenced more than a hundred political prisoners, human rights activists and demonstrators to lengthy prison sentences.
                           In 2018, reports showed that he continued to hand down similar sentences without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           26.
                        
                        
                           SHARIFI Malek Adjar (aka: SHARIFI Malek Ajdar)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge at the Supreme Court, head of the 43rd section. Former Head of East Azerbaidjan Judiciary. He was responsible for Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani's trial.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           27.
                        
                        
                           ZARGAR Ahmad
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge at the 2nd Branch of the Special Economic Corruption Court. Head of the "Organization for the Preservation of Morality". Former judge, Tehran Appeals Court, branch 36.
                           He confirmed long-term jail warrants and death warrants against protesters.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           28.
                        
                        
                           YASAGHI Ali-Akbar
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge of the Supreme Court, head of the 44th section. Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Setad-e Dieh Foundation. Chief Judge, Mashhad Revolutionary Court (2001-2011). Trials under his jurisdiction have been conducted summarily and inside closed session, without adherence to basic rights of the accused. As execution rulings were issued en masse (up to 550 between summer 2009 and summer 2011), death sentences were issued without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           29.
                        
                        
                           BOZORGNIA Mostafa
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of ward 350 of Evin Prison. He unleashed on a number of occasions disproportionate violence upon prisoners.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           30.
                        
                        
                           ESMAILI Gholam‐Hossein
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judiciary spokesman since April 2019. Former head of the Tehran judiciary. Former Head of Iran's Prisons Organisation. In this capacity, he was complicit in the massive detention of political protesters and covering up abuses performed in the jailing system.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           31.
                        
                        
                           SEDAQAT (a.k.a. Sedaghat) Farajollah
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Assistant Secretary of the General Prison Administration in Tehran. Head of Evin's prison, Tehran until October 2010 during which time torture took place. He was warden, and threatened and exerted pressure on prisoners numerous times.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           32.
                        
                        
                           ZANJIREI Mohammad‐Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           As Senior advisor to Head, and Deputy Head of Iran's Prisons Organisation, responsible for serious human rights violations against prisoners. Administered a system in which prisoners suffered abuse, torture and inhuman/degrading treatment and were accommodated in very poor living conditions.
                        
                        
                           12.4.2011
                        
                     
                           33.
                        
                        
                           ABBASZADEH‐MESHKINI Mahmoud
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor to Iran's High Council for Human Rights. Former secretary of the High Council for Human Rights. Former governor of Ilam Province. Former Interior Ministry's political director. As Head of the Article 10 Committee of the Law on Activities of Political Parties and Groups he was in charge of authorising demonstrations and other public events and registering political parties.
                           In 2010, he suspended the activities of two reformist political parties linked to Mousavi – the Islamic Iran Participation Front and the Islamic Revolution Mujahedeen Organisation. From 2009 onwards he has consistently and continuously prohibited all non-governmental gatherings, therefore denying a constitutional right to protest and leading to many arrests of peaceful demonstrators in contravention of the right to freedom of assembly.
                           He also denied in 2009 the opposition a permit for a ceremony to mourn people killed in protests over the Presidential elections.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           34.
                        
                        
                           AKBARSHAHI Ali-Reza
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former Director-General of Iran's Drug Control Headquarters (aka: Anti-Narcotics Headquarters). Former Commander of Tehran Police. Under his leadership, the police force was responsible for the use of extrajudicial force on suspects during arrest and pre-trial detention. The Tehran police were also implicated in raids on Tehran university dorms in June 2009, when according to an Iranian Majlis commission, more than 100 students were injured by the police and Basiji. Currently head of the railway police.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           35.
                        
                        
                           AKHARIAN Hassan
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Keeper of Ward 1 of Radjaishahr prison, Karadj until July 2010. Several former detainees have denounced the use of torture by him, as well as orders he gave to prevent inmates receiving medical assistance. According to a transcript of one reported detainee in the Radjaishahr prison, wardens all beat him severely, with Akharian's full knowledge. There is also at least one reported case of ill treatment and the death of a detainee, Mohsen Beikvand, under Akharian's wardenship. Beikvand died in September 2010. Other prisoners claim credibly that he was killed on the instructions of Hassan Akharian.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           36.
                        
                        
                           AVAEE Seyyed Ali-Reza (Aka: AVAEE Seyyed Alireza)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Minister of Justice. Former Director of the special investigations office. Until July 2016 deputy Minister of Interior and head of the Public register. Advisor to the Disciplinary Court for Judges since April 2014. Former President of the Tehran Judiciary. As President of the Tehran Judiciary he has been responsible for human rights violations, arbitrary arrests, denials of prisoners' rights and a high number of executions.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           37.
                        
                        
                           BANESHI Jaber
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of Branch 22 of the Appeals Court of Shiraz from November 2011. Prosecutor of Shiraz until October 2011. Prosecutor during the Shiraz bombing case in 2008, which was used by the regime to sentence to death other unconnected persons. He has pursued capital charges and other severe penalties against minorities, such as to constitute, inter alia, a violation of their human rights to fair trial and freedom from arbitrary detention.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           38.
                        
                        
                           FIRUZABADI Maj-Gen Dr Seyyed Hasan (Aka: FIRUZABADI Maj-Gen Dr Seyed Hassan; FIROUZABADI Maj-Gen Dr Seyyed Hasan; FIROUZABADI Maj-Gen Dr Seyed Hassan)
                        
                        
                           POB: Mashhad
                           DOB: 3.2.1951
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           As Chief of Staff of Iran's Armed Forces (1989 to 2016), he was the highest military commander responsible for directing all military divisions and policies, including the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and police. In 2009, forces under his formal chain of command brutally suppressed peaceful protestors and perpetrated mass detentions.
                           Currently military advisor to the Supreme Leader and member of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) and the Expediency Council.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           39.
                        
                        
                           GANJI Mostafa Barzegar
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Prosecutor-General of Qom (2008-2017), now head of the directorate general for prisons. He was responsible for the arbitrary detention and maltreatment of dozens of offenders in Qom. He was complicit in a grave violation of the right to due process, contributing to the excessive and increasing use of the death penalty and a sharp increase in executions in 2009/2010.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           40.
                        
                        
                           HABIBI Mohammad Reza
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Attorney General of Isfahan. Former head of the Ministry of Justice office in Yazd. Former Deputy Prosecutor of Isfahan. Complicit in proceedings denying defendants a fair trial – such as Abdollah Fathi, executed in May 2011 after his right to be heard and mental health issues were ignored by Habibi during his trial in March 2010. He was, therefore, complicit in a grave violation of the right to due process, contributing to a sharp increase in executions in 2011.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           41.
                        
                        
                           HEJAZI Mohammad
                        
                        
                           POB: Ispahan
                           DOB: 1956
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           IRGC-General, he has played a key role in intimidating and threatening Iran's "enemies". Former Head of the IRGC's Sarollah Corps in Tehran, and former Head of the Basij Forces, he played a central role in the post-election crackdown of protesters in 2009.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           43.
                        
                        
                           JAVANI Yadollah
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           IRGC deputy commander for political affairs. Has made numerous attempts to suppress free speech and free discourse through his public statements supporting the arrest and punishment of protesters and dissenters. One of the first high‐ranking officials to demand in 2009 Moussavi, Karroubi and Khatami's arrest. Has supported the use of techniques that breach rights to a fair trial including public confessions and he has released the contents of interrogations before trial. Evidence also indicates that he has condoned the use of violence against protesters and as an integral member of the IRGC he is highly likely to have been aware of the use of harsh interrogation techniques to force confessions.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           44.
                        
                        
                           JAZAYERI Massoud
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                           Title: Brigadier-General
                        
                        
                           Within the joint military staff of Iran's Armed Forces, Brigadier-General Massoud Jazayeri was the deputy chief of staff for cultural and media affairs (a.k.a. State Defence Publicity HQ). He actively collaborated in the repression of 2009 protests as deputy chief of staff. He warned in a Kayhan interview that many protesters inside and outside Iran had been identified and would be dealt with at the right time.
                           He has openly called for the suppression of foreign mass media outlets and the Iranian opposition. In 2010, he asked the government to pass tougher laws against Iranians who cooperate with foreign media sources.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           45.
                        
                        
                           JOKAR Mohammad Saleh
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy for Parliamentary Affairs of the Revolutionary Guards. From 2011 until 2016 parliamentary deputy for Yazd Province and Member of the parliamentary Committee for National Security and Foreign Policy. Former Commander of Student Basij Forces.
                           In this role he was actively involved in suppressing protests and indoctrinating children and young people with a view to continuing suppression of free speech and dissent. As member of the Parliamentary Committee for National Security and Foreign Policy he publically supported the suppression of opposition to the government.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           46.
                        
                        
                           KAMALIAN Behrouz
                           (a.k.a. Hackers Brain, Behrooz_Ice)
                        
                        
                           POB: Tehran (Iran)
                           DOB: 1983
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of the "Ashiyaneh" cyber group linked with the Iranian regime. The "Ashiyaneh" Digital Security, founded by Behrouz Kamalian, is responsible for intensive cyber attacks both on domestic opponents and reformists and foreign institutions. Kamalian's Ashiyaneh organisation's work has assisted the regime's crackdown against the opposition which has involved numerous serious human rights violations.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           47.
                        
                        
                           KHALILOLLAHI Moussa (Aka: KHALILOLLAHI Mousa, ELAHI Mousa Khalil)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Prosecutor of Tabriz. He was involved in Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani's case and is complicit in grave violations of the right to due process.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           48.
                        
                        
                           MAHSOULI Sadeq (Aka: MAHSULI, Sadeq)
                        
                        
                           POB: Oroumieh (Iran)
                           DOB: 1959/60
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor to Former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and current member of the Expediency Council and Deputy Chief of the Perseverance Front. Minister of Welfare and Social Security between 2009 and 2011. Minister of the Interior until August 2009. As Interior Minister, Mahsouli had authority over all police forces, interior ministry security agents, and plainclothes agents. The forces under his direction were responsible for attacks on the dormitories of Tehran University on 14 June 2009 and the torture of students in the basement of the Ministry (the notorious basement level 4). Other protestors were severely abused at the Kahrizak Detention Centre, which was operated by police under Mahsouli's control.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           49.
                        
                        
                           MALEKI Mojtaba
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy head of the Ministry of Justice in the Khorasan Razavi province. Former prosecutor of Kermanshah. Has played a role in the high number of death sentences being passed in Iran, including prosecuting the cases of seven prisoners convicted of drug trafficking who were hanged on the same day on 3 January 2010 in Kermanshah's central prison.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           50.
                        
                        
                           OMIDI Mehrdad (aka: Reza; OMIDI Reza)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of section VI of the police, investigation department. Former Head of the Intelligence Services within the Iranian Police. Former Head of the Computer Crimes Unit of the Iranian Police. He was responsible for thousands of investigations and indictments of reformists and political opponents using the Internet. He was thus responsible for grave human rights violations in the repression of persons who speak out in defence of their legitimate rights, including freedom of expression during and after the 2009 Green Movement.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           51.
                        
                        
                           SALARKIA Mahmoud
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                           Former director of Tehran Football Club "Persepolis"
                        
                        
                           Former Head of the Petrol and Transport commission of the City of Tehran. Deputy to the Prosecutor-General of Tehran for Prison Affairs during the crackdown of 2009. As Deputy to the Prosecutor-General of Tehran for Prison Affairs he was directly responsible for many of the arrest warrants against innocent, peaceful protesters and activists. Many reports from human rights defenders show that virtually all those arrested were, on his instruction, held incommunicado without access to their lawyer or families, and without charge, for varying lengths of time, often in conditions amounting to enforced disappearance. Their families have often not been notified of the arrest. He is currently working as a lawyer.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           52.
                        
                        
                           KHODAEI SOURI Hojatollah
                        
                        
                           POB: Selseleh (Iran)
                           DOB: 1964
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Member of the National Security and Foreign policy Committee. Parliamentary deputy for Lorestan Province. Member of the Parliamentary Commission for Foreign and Security Policy. Head of Evin prison until 2012. Torture was a common practice in Evin prison while Souri was its head. In Ward 209, many activists were held for their peaceful activities in opposition to the ruling government.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           53.
                        
                        
                           TALA Hossein (Aka: TALA Hosseyn)
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Mayor of Eslamshahr. Former Iranian MP. Former Governor‐General ("Farmandar") of Tehran Province until September 2010, he was responsible for the intervention of police forces and therefore for the repression of demonstrations. He received a prize in December 2010 for his role in the post-election repression.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           54.
                        
                        
                           TAMADDON Morteza (Aka: TAMADON Morteza)
                        
                        
                           POB: Shahr Kord-Isfahan
                           DOB: 1959
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former Head of Tehran provincial Public Security Council. Former IRGC Governor- General of Tehran Province. In his capacity as governor and head of Tehran provincial Public Security Council, he bore overall responsibility for all repressive activities undertaken by the IRGC in Tehran province, including cracking down on political protests since June 2009. Currently board member at Khajeh Nasireddin Tusi University of Technology.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           55.
                        
                        
                           ZEBHI Hossein
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           First Deputy Advisor to the Judiciary and Judge of the Supreme Court. Deputy to the Prosecutor-General of Iran (2007-2015). In this role he was responsible for judicial cases brought after the post-election protests in 2009 which were conducted in contravention of human rights. Also in this role he has condoned excessive punishments for drug offences.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           56.
                        
                        
                           BAHRAMI Mohammad‐Kazem
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Head of the administrative justice court. He was complicit in the repression of peaceful demonstrators in 2009 as head of the judiciary branch of the armed forces.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           57.
                        
                        
                           HAJMOHAM-MADI Aziz (a.k.a. Aziz Hajmohammadi, Noorollah Azizmohammadi)
                        
                        
                           POB: Tehran (Iran)
                           DOB: 1948
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge at the Tehran Provincial Criminal Court. Working for the judiciary since 1971, he was involved in several trials of demonstrators, inter alia, that of Abdol-Reza Ghanbari, a teacher arrested in January 2010 and sentenced to death for his political activities.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           58.
                        
                        
                           BAGHERI Mohammad‐Bagher
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge at the Supreme court since December 2015. Former vice-chairman of the judiciary administration of South Khorasan province, in charge of crime prevention. In addition to his acknowledging, in June 2011, 140 executions for capital offences between March 2010 and March 2011, about 100 other executions are reported to have taken place in the same period and in the same province of South Khorasan without either the families or the lawyers being notified. He was, therefore, complicit in a grave violation of the right to due process, contributing to a high number of death sentences.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           59.
                        
                        
                           BAKHTIARI Seyyed Morteza
                        
                        
                           POB: Mashhad (Iran)
                           DOB: 1952
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           President of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (since July 2019). Former deputy custodian of Imam Reza shrine. Former Official of the Special Clerical Tribunal. Former Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2013. During his time as Minister of Justice, prison conditions within Iran fell well below accepted international standards, and there was widespread mistreatment of prisoners. In addition, he played a key role in threatening and harassing the Iranian diaspora by announcing the establishment of a special court to deal specifically with Iranians who live outside the country. He also oversaw a sharp increase in the number of executions in Iran, including secret executions not announced by the government, and executions for drug-related offences.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           60.
                        
                        
                           HOSSEINI Dr Mohammad (a.k.a. HOSSEYNI, Dr Seyyed Mohammad; Seyed, Sayyed and Sayyid)
                        
                        
                           POB: Rafsanjan, Kerman
                           DOB: 1961
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor to Former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and spokesperson for YEKTA, a hardline political faction. Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance (2009- 2013). Ex‐IRGC, he was complicit in the repression of journalists.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           61.
                        
                        
                           MOSLEHI Heydar (Aka: MOSLEHI Heidar; MOSLEHI Haidar)
                        
                        
                           POB: Isfahan (Iran)
                           DOB: 1956
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Representative of the Ideological-Political Bureau of the Commander in Chief of Iran's Armed Forces (since 2018). Former advisor of Supreme Jurisprudence in the IRGC. Head of the organisation for publications on the role of the clergy at war. Former Minister of Intelligence (2009-2013). Under his leadership, the Ministry of Intelligence continued the practices of widespread arbitrary detention and persecution of protesters and dissidents. The Ministry of Intelligence runs Ward 209 of Evin Prison, where many activists have been held on account of their peaceful activities in opposition to the government in power. Interrogators from the Ministry of Intelligence have subjected prisoners in Ward 209 to beatings and mental and sexual abuse.
                        
                        
                           10.10.2011
                        
                     
                           62.
                        
                        
                           ZARGHAMI Ezzatollah
                        
                        
                           POB: Dezful (Iran)
                           DOB: 22 July 1959
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Member of the Supreme Cyberspace Council and Cultural Revolution Council. Former Head of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) until November 2014. Under his tenure at IRIB, He was responsible for all programming decisions. IRIB has broadcast forced confessions of detainees and a series of "show trials" in August 2009 and December 2011. These constitute a clear violation of international provisions on fair trial and the right to due process.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           63.
                        
                        
                           TAGHIPOUR Reza
                        
                        
                           POB: Maragheh (Iran)
                           DOB: 1957
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Member of the Supreme Cyberspace Council. Member of the City Council of Teheran. Former Minister for Information and Communications (2009-2012).
                           As Minister for Information, he was one of the top officials in charge of censorship and control of internet activities and also all types of communications (in particular mobile phones). During interrogations of political detainees, the interrogators make use of the detainees' personal data, mail and communications. On several occasions following the 2009 presidential election and during street demonstrations, mobile lines and text messaging were blocked, satellite TV channels were jammed and the internet locally suspended or at least slowed down.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           64.
                        
                        
                           KAZEMI Toraj
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Chief of the Greater Tehran division of the EU-designated Cyber Police. In this capacity, he announced a campaign for the recruitment of government hackers in order to achieve better control of information on the internet and attack "dangerous" sites.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           65.
                        
                        
                           LARIJANI Sadeq
                        
                        
                           POB: Najaf (Iraq)
                           DOB: 1960 or August 1961
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Named Head of the Expediency Council on 29 December 2018. Head of the Judiciary from 2009. The Head of the Judiciary is required to consent to and sign off every qisas (retribution), hodoud (crimes against God) and ta'zirat (crimes against the state) punishment. This includes sentences carrying the death penalty, floggings and amputations. In this regard, he has personally signed off numerous death penalty sentences, contravening international standards, including stoning, executions by suspension strangulation, execution of juveniles, and public executions such as those where prisoners have been hanged from bridges in front of crowds of thousands. Therefore, he has contributed to a high number of executions. He has also permitted corporal punishment sentences such as amputations and the dripping of acid into the eyes of the convicted. Since Sadeq Larijani took office, arbitrary arrests of political prisoners, human rights defenders and minorities have increased markedly. Sadeq Larijani also bears responsibility for systemic failures in the Iranian judicial process to respect the right to a fair trial.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           66.
                        
                        
                           MIRHEJAZI Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Part of the Supreme Leader's inner circle, one of those responsible for planning the suppression of protests which has been implemented since 2009, and associated with those responsible for supressing the protests.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           67.
                        
                        
                           SAEEDI Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Representative of the Guide for the Pasdaran since 1995 after spending his whole career within the institution of the military, and specifically in the Pasdaran intelligence service. This official role makes him the key figure in the transmission of orders emanating from the Office of the Guide to the Pasdaran's repression apparatus.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           68.
                        
                        
                           RAMIN Mohammad-Ali
                        
                        
                           POB: Dezful (Iran)
                           DOB: 1954
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Secretary-general of the World Holocaust Foundation, established at the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in 2006, which Ramin was responsible for organising on behalf of the Iranian Government. Main figure responsible for censorship as Vice‐Minister in charge of the Press up to December 2013, being directly responsible for the closure of many reforming newspapers (Etemad, Etemad-e Melli, Shargh, etc.), closure of the Independent Press Syndicate and the intimidation or arrest of journalists.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           69.
                        
                        
                           MORTAZAVI Seyyed Solat
                        
                        
                           POB: Farsan, Tchar Mahal‐o‐Bakhtiari (South) - (Iran)
                           DOB: 1967
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Until November 2019 Director of the Tehran branch of the Foundation Astan Qods Razavi. Former mayor of the second largest city of Iran, Mashhad, where public executions regularly happen. Former Deputy Interior Minister for Political Affairs, appointed in 2009. In this capacity, he was responsible for directing repression of persons who spoke up in defence of their legitimate rights, including freedom of expression. Later appointed as Head of the Iranian Election Committee for the parliamentarian elections in 2012 and for the presidential elections in 2013.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           73.
                        
                        
                           FAHRADI Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy head of Inspectorate of Legal Affairs and Public Inspection of the Ministry of Justice of Tehran. Former prosecutor of Karaj. Responsible for grave violations of human rights, including prosecuting trials in which the death penalty was handed down. There were a high number of executions in Karaj region during his time as prosecutor.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           74.
                        
                        
                           REZVANMA- NESH Ali
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy prosecutor province of Karaj, region of Alborz. Responsible for grave violation of human rights, including involvement in the execution of a juvenile.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           75.
                        
                        
                           RAMEZANI Gholamhossein
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Since 2011 Chief of the Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence; from November 2009 to March 2011: Commander of Intelligence of the Pasdaran; from March 2008 to November 2009: Deputy Commander of Intelligence of the Pasdaran; from April 2006 to March 2008: Head of Protection and Intelligence of the Pasdaran. Involved in the suppression of freedom of expression, including by being associated with those responsible for the arrests of bloggers/journalists in 2004, and reported to have had a role in the suppression of the post-election protests in 2009.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           76.
                        
                        
                           SADEGHI Mohamed
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Colonel and Deputy of IRGC technical and cyber intelligence and in charge of the centre of analysis and fight against organised crime within the Pasdaran. Responsible for the arrests and torture of bloggers/journalists.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           77.
                        
                        
                           JAFARI Reza
                        
                        
                           DOB: 1967
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Advisor to the Disciplinary Court for Judges since 2012. Member of the "Committee for Determining Criminal Web Content", a body responsible for web sites and social media censorship. Former Head of special prosecution of cyber crime between 2007 and 2012. Was responsible for the repression of freedom of expression, including through the arrest, detention and prosecution of bloggers and journalists. Persons arrested on suspicion of cyber crime were mistreated and the subject of an unfair judicial process.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           78.
                        
                        
                           RESHTE-AHMADI Bahram
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge of an ordinary court of northern Tehran. Former Supervisor of Public Prosecution Office in Tehran. Deputy Head of the Office of Prison Affairs of Tehran Province. Former Deputy Prosecutor in Tehran until 2013. He ran Evin prosecution centre. Was responsible for the denial of rights, including visits and other prisoner's rights, to human rights defenders and political prisoners.
                        
                        
                           23.3.2012
                        
                     
                           79.
                        
                        
                           RASHIDI AGHDAM Ali Ashraf
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former head of Evin Prison, appointed in mid-2012. During his tenure, conditions in the prison deteriorated and reports referenced intensified ill-treatment of prisoners. In October 2012, nine female prisoners went on hunger strike in protest of the violation of their rights and violent treatment by prison guards.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           80.
                        
                        
                           KIASATI Morteza
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge of the Ahwaz Revolutionary Court, Branch 4, imposed death sentences on four Arab political prisoners, Taha Heidarian, Abbas Heidarian, Abd al- Rahman Heidarian (three brothers) and Ali Sharifi. They were arrested, tortured and hanged without due process. These cases and the lack of due process were referenced in a report dated 13 September 2012 by the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran, the UN Secretary General's report on Iran of 22 August 2012.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           81.
                        
                        
                           MOUSSAVI Seyed Mohammad Bagher
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Ahwaz Revolutionary Court judge, Branch 2, imposed death sentences on five Ahwazi Arabs, Mohammad Ali Amouri, Hashem Sha'bani Amouri, Hadi Rashedi, Sayed Jaber Alboshoka, Sayed Mokhtar Alboshoka, on 17 March 2012 for "activities against national security" and "enmity against God". The sentences were upheld by Iran's Supreme Court on 9 January 2013. The five were arrested without charge for over a year, tortured and sentenced without due process.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           82.
                        
                        
                           SARAFRAZ, Mohammad (Dr.) (aka: Haj-agha Sarafraz)
                        
                        
                           POB: Tehran
                           DOB: appr. 1963
                           Place of Residence: Tehran
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former member of the Supreme Council of Cyber Space. Former President of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) (2014-2016). Former Head of IRIB World Service and Press TV, responsible for all programming decisions. Closely associated with the state security apparatus. Under his direction Press TV, along with IRIB, has worked with the Iranian security services and prosecutors to broadcast forced confessions of detainees, including that of Iranian-Canadian journalist and film-maker Maziar Bahari, in the weekly programme "Iran Today". Independent broadcast regulator OFCOM fined Press TV in the UK GBP 100 000  for broadcasting Bahari's confession in 2011, which was filmed in prison whilst Bahari was under duress. Sarafraz therefore is associated with violating the right to due process and fair trial.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           83.
                        
                        
                           JAFARI Asadollah
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           As Prosecutor of Mazandaran Province, Jafari has recommended the imposition of the death penalty in cases he has prosecuted, which has resulted in many executions including public executions and in circumstances where the imposition of the death penalty is contrary to international human rights, including by being disproportionate and excessive punishment. Jafari has also been responsible for illegal arrests and violations of the rights of Baha'i detainees from initial arrest to keeping them in solitary confinement in the Intelligence Detention Centre.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           84.
                        
                        
                           EMADI, Hamid Reza (aka: Hamidreza Emadi)
                        
                        
                           POB: Hamedan
                           DOB: appr. 1973
                           Place of residence: Tehran
                           Place of work: Press TV HQ, Tehran
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Press TV Newsroom Director. Former Press TV Senior Producer.
                           Responsible for producing and broadcasting the forced confessions of detainees, including journalists, political activists, persons belonging to Kurdish and Arab minorities, violating internationally recognised rights to a fair trial and due process. Independent broadcast regulator OFCOM fined Press TV in the UK GBP 100 000  for broadcasting the forced confession of Iranian-Canadian journalist and film-maker Maziar Bahari in 2011, which was filmed in prison whilst Bahari was under duress. NGOs have reported further instances of forced televised confessions by Press TV. Emadi is therefore associated with violating the right to due process and fair trial.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           85.
                        
                        
                           HAMLBAR Rahim
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Judge of Branch 1 of Tabriz Revolutionary Court. Responsible for heavy sentences against Azeri ethnic minority and workers' rights activists, accusing them of spying, acts against national security, propaganda against the Iranian regime and insulting the leader of Iran. A high profile case involved 20 volunteer earthquake relief workers (following an earthquake in Iran in August 2012) to whom he gave prison sentences for their attempts to assist earthquake victims. The court found the workers guilty of "collaboration in assembly and collusion to commit crimes against national security."
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           86.
                        
                        
                           MUSAVI-TABAR Seyyed Reza
                        
                        
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Former head of the Revolutionary Prosecution of Shiraz. Responsible for illegal arrests and ill treatment of political activists, journalists, human rights defenders, Baha'is and prisoners of conscience, who were harassed, tortured, interrogated and denied access to lawyers and due process. Musavi-Tabar signed judicial orders in the notorious No 100 Detention Centre (a male prison), including an order to detain female Baha'i prisoner Raha Sabet for three years in solitary confinement.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013
                        
                     
                           87.
                        
                        
                           KHORAMABADI Abdolsamad
                        
                        
                           Head of "Commission to Determine the Instances of Criminal Content".
                           Gender: male
                        
                        
                           Deputy Director for Judicial Oversight (since 13 October 2018). Former head of the "Commission to Determine the Instances of Criminal Content", a governmental organisation in charge of online censorship and cyber crime. Under his leadership the Commission defined "cybercrime" by a number of vague categories that criminalize creation and publication of content deemed inappropriate by the regime. He is responsible for repression and the blocking of numerous opposition sites, electronic newspapers, blogs, sites of human rights NGOs and of Google and Gmail since September 2012. He and the Commission actively contributed to the death in detention of the blogger Sattar Beheshti in November 2012. Thus the Commission he is heading is directly responsible for systemic violations of human rights, in particular by banning and filtering websites to the general public, and occasionally disabling Internet access altogether.
                        
                        
                           12.3.2013’