CELEX: 51992PC0108
Language: en
Date: 1992-03-30
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE relating to the mechanical coupling devices of motor vehicles and their trailers and their attachment to these vehicles

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                         COM(92) 108 final - SYN 408
                                         Brussels, 30 March 1992
                          Proposal for a
                        COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
  relating to the mechanical coupling devices of motor vehicles
    and their trailers and their attachment to these vehicles
                  (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 2 -
                             EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
    BACKGROUND
    1.    The implementation of the EEC type-approval procedure for motor
          vehicles   and   their   trailers   covered   by   Council  Directive
          70/156/EEC of     6 February    1970( 1 ) comprises   especially   the
          adoption of the last separate Directives for passenger cars
          (tyres, masses and dimensions, safety glazing). For this reason
          the Commission submitted proposals in January 1990. Furthermore,
          the framework Directive assigns the adoption of special provisions
          for goods vehicles, buses and coaches. To take care of the precise
          and comprehensive content of these provisions it is deemed
          opportune    to    adopt    in   particular    harmonized    Community
          requirements, inter alia, masses and dimensions (items 2.2, 2.4,
          2.6 and 2.8 of Annex II), speed limiters and external projections
          of cabs (item 12.2 and 12.4 of Annex II) as special safety
          provisions for goods vehicles, buses and coaches. The Commission
          submitted the relevant draft Directives in April 1991. With regard
          to mechanical coupling devices (item 11 of Annex II) harmonized
          provisions have to be established to guarantee compatibility and
          interchangeability of motor vehicles and trailers.
     2.   The European Parliament adopted, on the 13 March 1984, a
          resolution on the introduction of a programme of Community
          measures to promote road safety(2) # anci ©n the 18 February 1986
          another resolution on common measures to reduce road accidents as
          part of the Community's programme for Road Safety Year 1986(3).
          The Council and the Commission are requested by these resolutions
          to take the necessary measures with the aim of promoting road
           safety.
     3.    In view of the entry into force of the Single European Act and of
          the aim of a single internal market to be achieved by the end of
           1992, it is now urgent that the remaining measures that are needed
           to complete EEC type-approval should be adopted.
     4.    The legal/administrative procedure put forward in the enacting
           terms of these proposals does not depart from that laid down in
           framework Directive 70/156/EEC that is currently in force except
           as regards the procedure for adaptation to technical progress,
           whereby the Regulatory Committee has been replaced by the Advisory
           Committee. Indeed, the Commission intends to apply the provisions
           of the Single Act, which provide for the delegation of power to
           the Commission in order to proceed with this task.
     5.    With regard to the other options, such as that of the method of
           harmonization   (total or optional), the Commission is still
           applying the solutions currently in force.
           However, the Commission does not intend to neglect this important
           matter; considering that the total harmonization will be essential
           in order to fully achieve the large single market, it intends to
           put forward relevant proposals when the framework Directive
           70/156/EEC is next amended.
(1) O J N o L 42, 23.2.1970, p. 1.
(2) OJ No C 104, 16.4.1984, p. 38.
(3) OJ No C 68, 24.3.1986, p. 35.
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 3 -
II. REASONS FOR AND CONTENT OF THE PROPOSAL OF THE DIRECTIVE RELATING TO
    MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND THEIR TRAILERS
    For the completion of the EEC whole vehicle type-approval of certain
    categories of motor vehicles and trailers the framework Directive
    70/156/EEC (item 11. of Annex II) requires special provisions for the
    connections between drawing vehicles and trailers and semi-trailers.
    The mechanical coupling devices, e.g. drawbar couplings, fifth wheel
    couplings and ball couplings all have to meet these            special
    requirements if they are fitted to road vehicles.
    In view of the single internal market to be achieved by the end of
    1992 it is necessary to facilitate the interchangeability of motor
    vehicles and trailers within the territory of the Community and to
    harmonize the technical requirements of mechanical coupling devices.
    The harmonization of these provisions can contribute to a decrease in
    the mileage of road vehicles and lead to a reduction in fuel
    consumption, noise and pollutant emissions.
    The draft proposal of this Council Directive is based mainly on the
    ECE (Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations) Regulation
    No 55 with respect to strength requirements and test procedures.
    Furthermore international ISO-standards have been taken into account
    for uniform dimensions of mechanical coupling systems connecting the
    road vehicles to guarantee the compatibility of the vehicle coupling
    devices throughout the Community. For this reason it is strongly
    recommended that only certain classes of coupling devices with
    specified dimensions should be used in all Member States, but in
    exceptional cases EEC type-approvals may be granted for special
    coupling devices designed for special purposes and used exclusively on
    the national territory of a single Member State.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 4 -
                                 Proposal for a
                               COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
       relating to the mechanical coupling devices of motor vehicles
         and their trailers and their attachment to these vehicles
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
and in particular Article 100a thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission^),
In cooperation with the European Parliament(2) f
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(^),
Whereas it is important to adopt measures with the aim of progressively
establishing the internal market over a period expiring on 31 December
1992; whereas the internal market shall comprise an area without internal
frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and
capital is ensured;
Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles and their trailers
must satisfy pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia, to the
mechanical couplings of such vehicles;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another; whereas
it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the             same
requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules in
order to allow, in particular, the EEC type-approval procedure which was
the subject of Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the
approximation of the laws of Member States relating to the type-approval of
motor vehicles and their trailers(*), as last amended by Directive
87/403/EEC( 5 ), to be implemented;
Whereas, with the view of improving road safety and facilitating the
interchangeability of motor vehicles and trailers in international traffic,
it is considered important that all kinds of vehicles forming a road train
or being an articulated vehicle shall be equipped with standardized and
harmonized mechanical coupling systems;
Whereas it is desirable to follow the technical requirements of the ECE
(Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations) Regulation No 55
relating   to    the  uniform   provisions   concerning mechanical coupling
components of combinations of vehicles; Regulation No 55 is annexed to the
Agreement of 20 March 1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of
approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment
and parts;
 (1)  OJ No   C
 (2)  OJ No   C
 (3)  OJ No   C
 (4)  OJ No   L 42, 23.2, 1970, p. 1.
 (5)  OJ No   L 220, 8.8.1987, p. 44.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 5 -
Whereas mainly    international  standards   (ISO) have been    taken   into
consideration for uniform dimensions of mechanical coupling systems to
ensure interchangeability of the individual vehicles forming road trains or
articulated vehicles and to guarantee a free traffic within the Member
States;
Whereas in all cases where the Council confers powers upon the Commission
to implement rules laid down in the motor vehicle sector it is appropriate
to provide for a procedure of prior consultation between the Commission and
the Member States within an advisory committee,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
                                  Article 1
For the purpose of this Directive:
-     "vehicle" means any motor vehicle intended for use on the road, with
      speed exceeding 25km/h, and its trailers, with the exception of
      vehicles which run on rails and of agricultural tractors and
      machinery;
      "mechanical coupling type" means a mechanical coupling device for
      which type-approval of a component within the meaning of Article 9a of
      Directive 70/156/EEC may be granted.
                                  Article 2
Member States may not refuse:
 -    EEC type-approval or national type-approval for a vehicle, or refuse
      or prohibit the sale, registration, entry into service or use of a
      vehicle on grounds relating to its optional equipment with mechanical
      coupling devices,
      EEC component type-approval or national component type-approval for a
      mechanical coupling, or prohibit the sale or use of a mechanical
      coupling device,
 if the requirements of the Annexes are satisfied.
                                  Article 3
 With effect from 1 October 1995 Member States may prohibit the first entry
 into service of vehicles of which the mechanical coupling devices do not
 comply with the provisions of this Directive.
                                  Article 4
 Any amendments necessary to adapt the requirements of the Annexes to
 technical progress shall be adopted by the Commission in accordance with
 the procedure laid down in Article 5.
                                  Article 5
 The Commission shall be assisted by the committee established under Article
 12 of Directive 70/156/EEC.
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The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft
of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on
the draft within a time-limit which the Chairman may lay down according to
the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.
The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member
State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the
minutes.
The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by
the committee. It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its
opinion has been taken into account.
                                 Article 6
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by
30 June 1993. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
When Member States adopt these provisions, these shall contain a reference
to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of
their official publication. The procedure for such reference shall be
adopted by Member States.
                                 Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels,                             For the Council
                                              The President
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 7 -
                                 ANNEX I
 1.       SCOPE
•1.1.     This Directive applies to the mechanical coupling devices for
          motor vehicles and their trailers and the attachment of these
          devices to the road vehicles, as described in Article 1. of this
          Directive.
 1.2.     This Directive states the requirements which mechanical coupling
          devices intended for use between combinations of vehicles must
          satisfy in order to:
             ensure compatiblity when combining motor vehicles with
             different types of trailer
          - ensure the safe coupling together of the vehicles under all
             conditions of use
          - ensure safe procedures for coupling and uncoupling
 1.3.     The coupling devices are classified according to type, and
          distinguishing between:
          -  standard coupling devices
          -  non-standard coupling devices
          The classification is as follows:
 1.3.1.   Class A:  Coupling balls and towing brackets
                     (see Annex V, Section 1)
 1.3.1.1. Class A50-1 to A50-3 : standard coupling balls 50 and flange
                                   type towing brackets
 1.3.1.2. Class A50-X: Non-standard coupling balls 50 and
                        towing brackets
 1.3.2.   Class B50-X: Non-standard coupling heads 50
                        (see Annex V, Section 2)
 1.3.3.   Class C: Automatic drawbar couplings
 1.3.3.1. Class C50: Drawbar couplings 50
          Class C50-1 to C50-7: Standard drawbar couplings 50
                                  (See Annex V, Section 3,
                                  Tables 3 and 4)
 1.3.3.2. Class C50-X:Non-standard drawbar couplings 50
 1.3.4.   Class D:     Drawbar eyes
 1.3.4.1. Class D50    Drawbar eyes 50
          Class D50-A:Standard drawbar eyes D50 for welding attachment
                       (See Annex V, Fig. 9, Table 5)
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 8 -
         Class D50-B:Standard drawbar eyes 50 for  screwing attachment
                               (See Annex V, Fig.  10, Table 5)
         class D50-C:Standard drawbar eyes D50-C1  and D50-C2 for bolting
                               attachment
                               (See Annex V, Fig.  11 and 12, Table 5)
1.3.4.2. class D50-X:Non-standard drawbar eyes 50
                               (See Annex V, Fig 9)
1.3.5.   class E:    Non-standard drawbars
1.3.6.   Class F:    Non-standard mounting frames
1.3.7.   class G:    Fifth wheel couplings
1.3.7.1. Class G50:  Standard fifth wheel couplings 50
                                (See Annex V, Fig. 15, Table 7)
1.3.7.2. Class G50-X:Non-standard fifth wheel couplings 50
1.3.8.   Class H:    Fifth wheel coupling pins
1.3.8.1. Class H50-X:Non-standard fifth wheel coupling pins 50
1.3.9.   Class J:    Non-standard mounting plates
1.3.10.  Class S:    Non-standard miscellaneous coupling devices
2.       Definitions
2.1.     Mechanical coupling devices between motor vehicles and trailers
         are all parts and devices on the frames, load-bearing parts of
         the bodywork and chassis of the vehicles by means of which
         towing and towed vehicles are connected together.
         It also includes fixed or detachable parts for the attachment,
         adjustment or operation of the above-mentioned coupling devices.
2.1.1.   The coupling balls and towing brackets in 1.3.1. are mechanical
         coupling devices employing a spherical device and brackets on
         the towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a
         coupling head.
2.1.2.   The coupling heads in 1.3.2. are mechanical coupling devices on
         the drawbar of trailers for connecting to a coupling ball on the
         towing vehicle.
2.1.3.   The drawbar couplings in 1.3.3. are mechanical coupling devices
         With a jaw and an automatic closing and locking pin on the
         towing vehicle for connecting to the trailer by means of a
         drawbar eye.
2.1.4.   The drawbar eyes in 1.3.4. are mechanical coupling devices on
         the drawbar of trailers having a parallel hole for connecting to
 ---pagebreak---                                - 9 -
        the automatic drawbar couplings.
2.1.5.  The drawbars in 1.3.5. comprises overrun devices and similar
        items of equipment mounted on the front of the towed vehicle or
        to the vehicle chassis, which is suitable for coupling to a
        towing vehicle by means of drawbar eyes, coupling heads and
        similar coupling devices.
        Drawbars can be attached to the trailer so as to move freely in
        the vertical plane and therefore support no vertical load, so
        called hinged drawbars, or be fixed in the vertical plane so as
        to support a vertical load, so called rigid drawbars. Drawbars
        fixed in the vertical plane can be either rigid or sprung.
        Drawbars can be equipped with a height adjusting device to
        permit the adjustment of the drawbar eye of ball coupling to the
        height of the jaw or coupling ball.
        Drawbars may also comprise more than one component, be
        adjustable or cranked.
        This directive concernes drawbars only of the type which forms a
        separate unit, which is not part of the chassis of the towed
        vehicle.
2.1.6.  The mounting frames in 1.3.6. are all parts and devices placed
        between the coupling devices, such as coupling balls, drawbar
        couplings and fifth wheel couplings (with mounting plates), and
        the frame (e.g. rear cross member), the load-bearing bodywork or
        the chassis of the towing vehicle.
2.1.7.  The fifth wheel couplings in 1.3.7. are plate-like coupling
        devices used on towing vehicles having an automatic coupling
        lock and connecting to the fifth wheel coupling pins in 1.3.8.
2.1.8.  The fifth wheel coupling pins in 1.3.8. are a coupling device in
        the form of a pin for mounting on a semi-trailer and connecting
        to the towing vehicle by means of a fifth wheel coupling.
2.1.9.  The mounting plates in 1.3.9. are all parts and devices used for
        attaching fifth wheel couplings to the frame of the towing
        vehicle. The mounting plate may have provision to move
        horizontally (i.e. sliding fifth wheel).
2.1.10. Steering wedges are components mounted on semi-trailers which
        control positive steering of the trailer in conjunction with the
        fifth wheel coupling.
2.1.11. Standard coupling devices are classified in 1.3. and conform to
        standard dimensions and standard characteristic values as given
        in this directive. They are interchangeable within their class,
        independent of type and manufacturer.
2.1.12. Non-standard coupling devices are those of classes A to J which
        do not fall under the classification of standard coupling
        devices but which can be connected to standard coupling devices
        of the relevant classes.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 10 -
2.1.13.   The miscellaneous coupling devices for transitional or
          exceptional use in 1.3.10. are mechanical coupling devices which
          do not belong to any of the Classes A to J (e.g. coupling
          devices according to existing national standards or for heavy
          transport).
2.1.14.   Remote control devices are devices which enable in case of in
          inaccessible coupling devices, the coupling device to be
          operated from the side of the vehicle or from the driving cab.
2.1.15.   Remote indicators are indicating devices which indicate to the
          vehicle driver in his cab that coupling has been effected and
          the safety devices have engaged.
2.1.16.   A type of mechanical coupling device means a device which do not
          differ in such essential aspects as:
2.1.16.1. Class of coupling device
2.1.16.2. Factory mark or trade name
2.1.16.3. External shape or principal dimensions or other fundamental
          differences in design
2.1.16.4. characteristic values D, S, V and U
2.1.17.   A coupling procedure is automatic if backing the towing vehicle
          against the trailer is sufficient to engage the coupling
          completely and properly without any external intervention, to
          secure it automotically and to indicate proper engagement of the
          safety devices. An automatic coupling procedure requires the
          use of automatic couplings.
2.1.18.   The "D-value" is defined as the theoretical reference force for
          the horizontal force between towing vehicle and trailer.
          The D-value is taken as the basis for horizontal loads in the
          dynamic tests.
          For mechanical coupling devices unsuitable for transmitting
          vertical bearing loads the value is:
                                  T x R
                         D = g x        ( kN)
                                  T + R
          For mechanical coupling devices suitable for centre axle
          trailers the value is:
                                  T x c
                          D = g x       (kN)
                                  T + C
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 11 -
        For fifth wheel couplings on towing tractors and vehicles of
        comparable type the value is:
                              0.6 x T x R
                      D = g x              (kN)
                               T + R - U
        Where:
        T =      Technically permissible maximum mass in t of the towing
                 vehicle (also towing tractors) including, if necessary,
                 the vertical load of a centre axle trailer
        R =      Technically permissible maximum mass in t of the full
                 trailer with drawbar free to move in the vertical plane
                 or of the semi-trailer
        C =      Sum of the axle loads of the centre axle trailer carrying
                 maximum permissible load, in t (see 2.1.20.)
        U =      Fifth wheel imposed vertical load in t
        s =      The static vertical load s in kg is the proportion of the
                 mass of the centre axle trailer exerted under static
                 conditions at the coupling point
        9 =      acceleration due to gravity (assumed as 9,81 m/s 2 )
2.1.19. The "V-value" is defined as the theoretical reference force for
        the amplitude of the vertical force between towing vehicle and
        centre axle trailers (see 2.1.21.).
        The V-value is taken as a basis for the vertical test loads in
        the dynamic tests.
                                  V = a • X 22 •C
                                          T
        where
        a    is an equivalent vertical acceleration in the coupling point,
             dependent on the kind of suspension on the rear axle(s) of
             the towing vehicle including a constant factor:
             a^ = 1.8 m/s 2
             for vehicles with air suspension or equivalent
             &2 ~ 2.4 m/s 2 for vehicles with other suspension
        x    is the length of the loading area of the trailer, in meters,
             see fig.l
         1   is the theoretical drawbar length, i.e. the distance between
             the centre of the drawbar eye and the centre of the axle
             assembly, in meters, see fig.l
         x2   > 1,0 in all cases
           2
        T     "
 ---pagebreak---                                - 12 -
Fig.   1 Dimensions of the centre axle trailer
2.1.20.  "Centre-axle trailer" means a towed vehicle equipped with a
         towing device which cannot move vertically (in relation to the
         trailer), and in which the axle(s) is (are) positioned close to
         the centre of gravity of the vehicle (when uniformly loaded)
         such that only a small vertical load, not exceeding 10 % of the
         maximum mass of the trailer or 1000 kg (whichever is the lesser)
         is transmitted to the drawing vehicle.
         The maximum mass of a centre-axle trailer to be taken into
         consideration shall be the mass transmitted to the ground by the
         axle(s) of the centre-axle trailer when coupled to the drawing
         vehicle and laden with a maximum load.
2.1.21   For vehicles not falling clearly in any of the above categories
         they shall be treated in the same way as the type they most
         closely resemble.
2.1.22   "Vehicle type" means vehicles which do not differ with respect
         to the following main characteristics:
         The structure, dimensions, shape and materials of the rear part
         of the towing vehicle, or the front part in the case of a
         trailer, in so far as they have a bearing on the requirements of
         Annex VII.
3.       EEC Type Approval for a Component
3.1.     Application for EEC type approval
 ---pagebreak---                                - 13 -
3.1.1.   An application for EEC Component type approval for a type of
         mechanical coupling device must be submitted by the manufacturer
         of the coupling device.
3.1.2.   For each type of a mechanical coupling device the application
         must be accompagnied by the following documentation (in
         triplicate):
3.1.2.1. A technical description of the coupling device, its design and
         mode of operation.
3.1.2.2. Data on the characteristic values, the classification and, if
         necessary, the restricted field of application (specific types
         of vehicles only).
3.1.2.3. Drawings of the principal parts of the coupling device and an
         assembly drawing for each version giving all principal
         dimensions, materials and the position for the EEC approval
         mark.
         It must also be possible to see how the coupling device is
         mounted on the vehicle and what means of attachment are
         employed.
3.1.3.   The Technical Department which performs or approves the tests
         for type approval must be provided with a specimen coupling
         device which should normally be unpainted. The Technical
         Department and other approval authorities may also request
         additional specimens.
3.1.4.   The Technical Service which performs or approves the tests for
         type approval may also request specificl parts, additional
         drawings or samples of the materials used.
3.1.5.   The competent authority shall verify the existence of
         satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the
         conformity of production of the mechanical coupling device
         before type approval is granted.
3.2.     Marking of specimen
3.2.1.   Each of the specimens of the particular type of coupling device
         in 3.1.3 for which an application for EEC component type
         approval has been submitted must be marked as follows:
3.2.2.   Factory mark, trade name or manufacturer's name (and trade mark
         if appropriate)
3.2.3.   Type and, if applicable, version
3.2.4.   A sufficiently large space for the EEC approval mark and the
         additional information according to 3.3.4.
3.3.     Granting of component type approval
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3.3.1.   If the mechanical coupling device submitted for approval
         pursuant to this Directive meets the requirements of item 5
         below, approval of that type of mechanical coupling device shall
         be granted.
3.3.2.   An approval number shall be assigned to each type of mechanical
         coupling device approved. The same Member state may not assign
         the same number to another type of a mechanical coupling
         device .
3.3.3.   Notice of approval, or of extension or of refusal of approval of
         a type of the mechanical coupling device pursuant to this
         Directive shall be communicated to the Member States by means of
         a form conforming to the model in Annex IV to this Directive.
3.3.4.   There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily
         accessible place specified on the approval form, to every
         mechanical coupling device conforming to a type of mechanical
         coupling device approved under this Directive an international
         approval mark consisting of:
                1    for Federal Republic of Germany
                2    for France
                3    for Italy
                4    for The Netherlands
                6    for Belgium
                9    for Spain
                11   for United Kingdom
                13   for Luxemburg
                18   for Denmark
                21   for Portugal
                IRL  for Ireland
                EL   for Greece
3.3.4.1. A rectangle surrounding the letter "e" followed by the
         distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval
3.3.4.2. The approval number, as given on the EEC type-approval
         certificate (see Annex IV), near to the rectangle of the
         approval mark.
3.3.4.3. The following supplementary marks placed anywhere close to the
         rectangle:
                - class of coupling device
                - permissible values for D, s, v and U
                   (unnecessary for standard coupling devices)
3.3.5.   The approval mark shall be indelible and clearly legible even
         when the coupling device is attached to the vehicle.
3.3.6.   Annex II to this Directive gives examples of the arrangement of
         the approval mark.
3.4.     Modification of the type of mechanical coupling device and
         extension of EEC component type approval
 ---pagebreak---                                - 15 -
3.4.1.   Every modification of the type of mechanical coupling device
         shall be notified to the administrative department which
         approved the type of mechanical coupling device.
         The department may then either:
3.4.1.1. consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an
         appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the mechanical
         coupling device still complies with the requirements, or
3.4.1.2. Require a further report from the technical service responsible
         for conducting the tests.
3.4.2.   confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the
         modification, shall be communicated by the procedure specified
         in items 3.3. above to the Member states.
3.4.3.   The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall
         assign a serial number to each communication form drawn up for
         such a extension.
4.       EEC Vehicle Type Approval
4.1      Application for EEC type approval
4.1.1.   In order for a vehicle to be granted type approval with a
         coupling fitted, a representative type of vehicle with a
         coupling device for which a component type approval has been
         granted, must be submitted to the relevant Technical Service ,by
         the manufacturer of the vehicle.
4.1.2.   In order for a vehicle to be granted type approval without a
         coupling fitted, the manufacturer or his representative agent
         must supply only the data mentioned in Annex VII, section 1.1.
4.1.3.   The relevant Technical Service will examine according to Annex
         VII, the suitability of the type of coupling device for which
         type approval has been granted for the type of vehicle for which
         vehicle approval has been applied for.The Technical Service will
         particularly ensure that the attachment of the coupling device
         corresponds to that which is prescribed for EEC component type
         approval.
4.1.4.   The competent authority shall verify the existence of
         satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the
         conformity of production of the vehicle before type approval is
         granted.
4.2      Granting of vehicle type approval
4.2.1.   If the type of vehicle meets the requirements of item 5 below,
         approval for that type of vehicle shall be granted.
 ---pagebreak---                                - 16 -
4.2.2.   An approval number shall be assigned to each type of vehicle
         approved. The same Member State may not assign the same number
         to another type of vehicle.
4.2.3.   Notice of approval, or of extension or refused of approval of a
         type of vehicle pursuant to this Directive shall be communicated
         to the Member states by means of a form conforming to the model
         in Annex IX to this directive.
4.3.     Modification of the type of vehicle and extension of EEC vehicle
         type approval
4.3.1.   Every modification of the type of vehicle shall be notified to
         the administrative department which appproved the type of
         vehicle.
         The department may then either:
4.3.1.1. Consider that the modifications are unlikely to have an
         appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle type
         still complies with the requirements, or
4.3.1.2. Require a further report from the technical service responsible
         for conduction the tests.
4.3.2.   The holder of an EEC vehicle type approval can apply for it to
         be extended to other types or classes of coupling devices.
         The competent authorities will grant such an extension on the
         following conditions:
4.3.2.1. EEC component type approval has already been granted for the
         other type of coupling device
4.3.2.2. it is suitable for the type of vehicle for which the extension
         of the EEC vehicle type approval has been applied for
4.3.2.3. the attachment of the coupling device to the vehicle corresponds
         to that proposed for the granting of EEC component type
         approval.
4.3.3.   In the case of standard coupling devices in classes A,C, D and
         G, EEC vehicle type approval is also valid for other coupling
         devices of the same class without the need for a further
         mounting check and extension of EEC vehicle type approval.
4.3.4.   Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the
         modification, shall be communicated by the procedure specified
         in items 4.2.3.
4.3.5.   The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall
         assign a serial number to each communication form drawn up for
         such an extension.
 ---pagebreak---                                - 17 -
5.      Requirements
5.1.    The mechanical coupling devices between motor vehicles and
        trailers must be manufactured and attached in accordance with
        good engineering practice, and must be safe to operate.
5.2.    safe coupling and uncoupling of the vehicles must be possible by
        a single person without the use of tools.
        only automatic coupling devices which allow an automatic
        coupling procedure shall be employed for the coupling of
        trailers having a maximum mass of more than 3,5 t.
5.3.    The mechanical coupling devices shall be so designed and
        manufactured that in normal use, with proper maintenance and the
        timely replacement of wearing parts, they will continue to
        function satisfactorily.
5.4.    Every coupling device must be accompanied by installation and
        operating instructions giving sufficient information for a
        competent person to install it on the vehicle and operate it
        propertly. The instructions must be in the language or
        languages of the Member State in which the coupling device will
        be offered for sale. In the case of coupling devices supplied
        for assembly-line use by vehicle builders or bodybuilders, the
        provision of installation and operating instructions for each
        coupling device can be dispensed with. It is then the
        responsibility of the vehicle builder or bodybuilder to ensure
        that the vehicle operator is provided with the information
        necessary for operating the coupling device.
5.5.    The materials that may be used are those for which the
        properties relevant to the application are laid down in a
        standard or those for which the properties are given in the
        documentation according to 3.1.2.3. of this Annex.
5.6.    All parts of the mechanical coupling devices whose failure could
        result in separation of the two vehicles must be made of steel
        or forged or cast steel.
        other materials may be used provided equivalence has been
        demonstrated by the manufacturer to the satisfaction of the
        Technical Service.
5.7     All couplings must be designed for positive mechanical
        engagement, and the closed position must be secured at least
         once by positive mechanical engagement, unless further
         requirements are stated in Annex V.
5.8      The mechanical coupling devices must satisfy the requirements of
        Annex V.
 5.9     Loading requirements
 5.9.1.  Mechanical coupling devices are subject to the tests described
         in Annex VI.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 18 -
5.9.2. These tests must not cause any cracks, fractures or other
       visible external damage, or any excessive permanent distortion
       which would be detrimental to the satisfactory operation of the
       device.
5.10   The installation of the mechanical coupling devices to the
       vehicle must be checked according to the requirements given in
       Annex VII.
5.11.  The above-mentioned requirements and those of Annexes V, VI and
       VII are also applicable, as relevant, to miscellaneous coupling
       devices (Class S ) .
6.     Conformity of production
6.1.   Every mechanical coupling device or vehicle approved to this
       Directive shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type
       approved by meeting the requirements of this directive.
6.2.   in order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 6.1. are
       met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.
6.3.   The holder of the approval shall in particular:
6.3.1. ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the
       quality of products,
6.3.2. have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the
       conformity of each approved type,
6.3.3. ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed
       documents shall remain available for a period to be determined
       in accordance with the administrative service,
6.3.4. analyse the results of each type of test, in order to verify and
       ensure the stability of the product characteristics making
       allowance for tolerances of an industrial production,
6.3.5. ensure that in the case of a component for each type of product
       at least the tests prescribed in Annex VI to this Directive are
       carried out,
6.3.6. ensure that in the case of a component all safety-relevant parts
       of every single mechanical coupling device are checked by non-
        destructive methods in order to ascertain the absence of
        structural anomalies, if the manufacturing process contains
       operations like casting or heat-treating or other operations
       where anomalies cannot be excluded.
6.3.7.  ensure that any sampling of samples or test pieces giving
        evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered
        shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the
        necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of
        the corresponding production.
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 19 -
    6.4.   The competent authority which has granted type-approval may at
           any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to
           each production unit.
    6.4.1. In every inspection the test books and production survey records
           shall be presented to the visiting inspector.
    6.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in
           the manufacturer's laboratory* The minimum number of samples may
           be determined according to the results of the manufacturer's own
           verification.
    6.4.3* When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems
           necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in
           application of paragraph 6.4.2. the inspector shall select
           samples to be sent to the Technical Service which has conducted
           the type approval tests.
    6.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in
           this Directive.
    6.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections authorized by the competent
           authority shall be one per year. In the case where negative
           results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent
           authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-
           establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.
>"m
 ---pagebreak---                            - 20 -
                         ANNEX I I
a) Example EEC approval mark for a drawbar coupling
                                  n mi,
                                         f
                                   * miwr
                                   irrr T 3
                                              a > 8 mm
   The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a non-standard drawbar coupling of Class C50-X with a maximum
   permitted 0 value of 130 kN, a maximum permitted static vertical
   bearing load of 1000 kg and a maximum permitted V-value of 35
   kN, for which EEC component type approval was granted in the
   Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the number 92-1234.
    If any characteristic values, such as S and V, are not relevant,
   the positions must be marked with a dash.
   Characteristic values D;S and V are not required for standard
   coup Iings.
b) Example EEC approval mark for a drawbar eye
                                  n nil — r
                                           i   5
       3   f
                                          r T
                                          n
         3
            rE                    » ^"
                                           F
                                               a
                                               3
          ,97-4/1 1                   a > 8 mm
    The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a non-standard drawbar eye 50 of Class D50-X for welding
    attachment having a D value of 130 kN, a maximum permitted
    static vertical bearing load of 1000 kg and a maximum permitted
    V-value of 50 kN, for which EEC component type approval was
    granted in the Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the number
    92-4711.
     If any characteristic values, such as S and V with hinged
    drawbar, are not relevant, the positions must be marked with a
    dash. Characteristic values D, S and V are not required for
    standard coupling devices.
 ---pagebreak---                           - 21 -
c) Specimen EEC approval mark for a fifth wheel coupling
          H33HS:         m   iHtr
                          TT77T
                                  1
                zzzrzn 1                         > 8 mm
   The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a non-standard fifth wheel coupling of Class G50-X having a
   maximum permitted D value of 180 kN and a maximum permitted
   fifth wheel load of 26 t, for which EEC component type approval
   was granted in the Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the
   number 92-1241.
   Characteristic values D and U are not relevant at all for
   standard fifth wheels.
d) Specimen EEC approval mark for a fifth wheel coupling pin
               H Vli-X         D Ifi?
             JL                          1
         I?.    e 1               Q9-ma
           3
                       a > 8 mm
    The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
     is a non-standard fifth wheel coupling pin of Class H50-X having
    a D value of 162 kN for which EEC component type approval was
    granted in the Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the number
    92-1242.
 ---pagebreak---                                - 22 -
e) Spec'men EEC approval mark for a coupling ball and towing
   brackets
               A   vo-\            TTTTT
                                   TTTT
        2a
              L          ,
          3      e 1
                             JL              a > 8 mm
                 9 7 - • ^H J
   The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a non-standard coupling ball and towing brackets of Class A
   50-X having a maximum permitted D value of 18 kN and a maximum
   permitted static vertical bearing load of 75 kg, for which EEC
   component type approval was granted in the Federal Republic of
   Germany (el) under the number 92-1243.
f) Specimen EEC approval mark for a coupling head
                                          3
              ft 1 f - - x         TTTF   3
                                          a_
                                   •^T-TT  3
      2a
            i
                 e  i
        3
                                                a > 8 mm
                       97-»2U
    The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a non-standard coupling head of Class B50-X having a D value
    of 18 kN and a maximum permitted static vertical bearing load of
    75 kg, for which EEC component type approval was granted in the
    Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the number 92-1244.
 ---pagebreak---                           - 23 -
g) Specimen EEC approval mark for a drawbar
                           'D HIV     ,   3
                                   \\     a
                           .s mnn ~       §
                            M  in  .-      3
                                        >    8 mm
    3      ^ _ ^ ^ ^ -
   The coupling device with the EEC approval mark illustrated above
    is a drawbar for a centre axle trailer of Class E with a maximum
   permitted D value of 109 kN, a maximum permitted static vertical
   bearing load of 1000 kg and a maximum permitted V-value of 50
   kN, for which EEC component type approval was granted in the
   Federal Republic of Germany (el) under the number 92-1245.
    If any characteristic values, such as S and V with hinged
   drawbar, are not relevant, the positions must be marked with a
   dash.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 24 -
                                    ANNEX III
                      information Document N*
                  relating to the EEC Coponent Type Approval of
           Mechanical coupling Devices for Motor Vehicles and their
                              Trailers (.../.../EEC)
O.       GENERAL
O.l.     Make (trade name of   manufacturer):
0.2.     Type and commercial   description^):
O.5.     Name and address of   manufacturer:
0.7.     Location and method   of affixing of the EEC approval mark:
1        CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAWING VEHICLES AND TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS
1.1.     Detailed technical description (including drawings and material
         specifications) of the type of the mechanical coupling device:
*-.*•    class and type of the coupling device(s):
1.3.     Maximum D-value ( *) :            kN
1.4.     Maximum vertical load S at the coupling point(^):          kg
i.5.     Maximum load U at the fifth wheel coupling < * ) :          t
1.6.     Maximum V-value < * >          kN
1.7.     instructions of attachment of the coupling type to the vehiole and
         photographs or drawing Of the fixing points at the vehicle given by
         the manufacturer; additional information, if the use of the coupling
         type is restricted to special types of vehicles:
1.8.     information of the fitting of special towing brackets or mounting
         plates(1):
Date, File
 (l\           i f applicable
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 25 -
                                     ANNEX IV
                                  M O D E L   (a)
                         (maximum format: A4 (210 x 297)
                          EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
         Communication concerne the :
                  type-approvalI *)
              - extension of type-approval (*)
              - refusal of type-approval<*)
              - withdrawal of type approval*1)
         of a type of a component(*) with regard to Directive
         (..../..../EEC), as last amended by Directive
         Type-approval number^) :
                                                           r
         Reason for extension:
         SECTION I
O.l.     Make (trade name of manufacturer):
O.2.     Type and commercial description(s):
O.3.   , Means of identification of type if marked on the component (1)(3)
O.3.I.   Location of that marking:
0.5.     Name and address of manufacturer:
6.7.     Location and method of affixing of the EEC approval nark:.
         SECTION II
1.       Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix I
2.       Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
3.       Date of test report:
4.       Number of test report:
5.       Remarks (if any) : see Appendix I
6.       Place:
7.       Date:
8•        Signature:
9.       The index to the information package lodged with the competent
         authority that has granted type approval, which may be obtained on
         request, is attached.
(1)            Delete where not applicable
(2)            The EEC type-approval number appearing on this document shall
               consist of all sections outlined in Annex VII to Directive
               70/156/EEC, as last amended by Directive .../.../EEC. the
               component itself shall be marked as prescribed in the relevant
               separate Directive.
(3)            If the means of identification of type contains characters not
               relevant to describe the component types covered by this type-
               approval certificate such characters shall be represented in the
               documentation by the symbol : **?" (e.g. ABC?? 123??)
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 26 -
                                   Appendix I
                  to EEC type-approval certificate no
concerning the component type approval of mechanical coupling
                 devices with regard to Directive .../.../EEC
1.       Additional information
1.1.     Class of the type of coupling:
1.2.     Categories or types of vehicles for which the device is designed or
         restricted:
1.3.     Maximum D-value(1):....   kN
1.4.     Maximum vertical load s at the coupling point (*):     kg
1.5.     Maximum load U at the fifth wheel coupling point <*)       t
1.6.     Maximum V-value (*): .... kN
1.7.     Use of special towing brackets or mounting plates:
         yes/no
5.       Remarks:
 (1)          Delete where not applicable
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 27 -
                                 ANNEX V
      Requirements for mechanical coupling devices
1 .   Coupling balls and towing brackets
      The requirements stated in 1.1. to 1.4. are applicable to all
      coupling balls and towing brackets of Class A.
      Section 1.5. lists additional requirements which must be fulfilled by
      standard coupling balls 50 and flange type towing brackets.
1.1.  Coupling balls of Class A must conform to Fig. 2 in shape and
      dimensions.
1 .2  The shape and the dimensions of the towing brackets have to meet the
      requirements of the vehicle manufacturer concerning the attachment
      points and additional mounting devices, if necessary.
1.3.  In the case of removable coupling balls the point of connection and
      their locking must be designed for positive mechanical engagement.
1 .4. Coupling balls and towing devices must be able to satisfy the tests
      laid down in Annex VI, Section 4.1.
      Fig 2
1)    The connecting radius between the ball and the neck should be
       tangential both to the neck and to the lower horizontal surface of
       the coup Iing balI.
2)    See ISO/R 468 and ISO 1302; the roughness number N9 refers to an R a
      value of 6,3 mm.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 28 -
 1 .5    Special requirements for standard coupling balls and flange type
         towing brackets of class A50-1, A50-2 and A50-3.
 1.5.1.  Dimensions of class A50-1 coupling balls and flange type towing
         brackets must be as given in Fig. 3 and Table 1.
 1.5.2.  Dimensions of class A50-2 and class A50-3 coupling balls and
         flange type towing brackets must be as given in Fig. 4 and
         Table 1.
 1.5.3.  Coupling balls and flange type towing brackets of the classes
         A50-1, A50-2 and A50-3 must be suitable and tested for the
         characteristic values given in Table 2.
                                           d
                                             2
                                                  1
                            I,    i1
                                      (         1            A
                                   r
                               ll
                               II
                            1 '
                                               'Jl
                                               .1.
                                                f
                                                      =
                                       ^
Fig. 3  Dimensions of standard ball couplings and flange type towing
        brackets of Class A50-1 (mm), see Table 1
                                     P"
                                       m            ^      f   4
                           ON
                                    L:e-
                                                             \
                                                    ^
Fig. 4  Dimensions of standard ball couplings and flange type towing
        brackets of Classes A50-2 and A50-3 (mm), see Table ITable 1
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 29 -
        Dimensions of standard ball couplings and flange type towing
        brackets (mm), see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
                      A50-1   A50-2     A50-3   remark
            el          90       83      120    +/-0,5
            e2          -        56        55   +/-0,5
            d2           17      10,5      15   H13
            f          130      110      155    +6,-0
            g            50      85        90   +6,-0
            c            15      15        15   max
            1            55     110       120   +/-5
            h            70      80        80   + /-5
Table 2 Characteristic values for standard ball couplings and flange
        type towing brackets
             D = Max. D-value (kN)
             S = Max. static vertical load (kg)
                   A50-1    A50-2     A50-3
           D         10      20        30
           S         75     100       120
2.       Coupling heads
2.1.     Coupling heads of Class B50 must be designed so that they can be
         used safely with the coupling balls described in Section 1 of
         this Annex and thereby retain the prescribed characteristics.
2.2.     Coupling heads must be able to satisfy the tests laid down in
        Annex VI, Section 4.2.
2.3.    Any additional device (e.g. braking, stabilizer etc.) shall not
         have any adverse effect on the mechanical connection.
2.4.     Horizontal rotation of the coupling head at least 90* to either
         side of the centreline of the coupling ball and mounting
         described in Section 1 of this Annex when not attached to the
         vehicle must be possible.
         Simultaneously there must be an angle of free vertical movement
         20* above and below the horizontal. Also, in conjunction with
         the horizontal angle of rotation of 90* it must be possible for
         there to be 25* of roll in both directions about the horizontal
         axis. The following combinations of motions must be possible:
              vertical pitch       + 15* with axial roll     + 25*
              axial roll           + 10* with vertical pitch + 20*
             at all angles of horizontal rotation.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 30 -
3.   Drawbar couplings
     The requirements of 3.1 to 3.8 are applicable to all drawbar
     couplings of class C50.
     Item 3.9 lists the additional requirements which must be
     fulfilled by standard drawbar couplings of classes C50-1
     to C50-7.
3.1. Load requirements
     All drawbar couplins shall be able to satisfy the tests stated
     in Annex VI, item 4.3.
3.2. suitable drawbar eyes
     Class C50 drawbar couplings shall be compatible with all Class
     D50 drawbar eyes and coupling with the specified
     characteristics.
3.3. Automatic operation
     Drawbar couplings must be automatic in operation
      (see Annex I, item 2.1.17).
3.4. Jaw
     Class C50 drawbar couplings must have a jaw which is designed
     such that the appropriate drawbar eyes is guided into the
     coupling.
     If the jaw, or a part supporting the jaw, can pivot about the
     vertical axis, it must establish itself automatically in the
     normal position and, with the coupling pin open, be restrained
     in a positive mechanical engagement in this position.
     If the jaw, or a part supporting the jaw, can pivot about the
     transverse axis, the joint providing the rotation capability
     must be restrained in its normal position by a locking torque.
     This torque must be sufficient to prevent a force of 200 N
     acting vertically upwards on the top of the jaw producing any
     deflection of the joint from its normal position. It must be
     possible to bring the jaw to its normal position manually. A
     jaw that pivots about the transverse axis is only approved for
     vertical bearing loads S of up to 50 kg and a V-value of up to 5
     kN.
     If the jaw, or a part supporting the jaw, is pivoted about the
     longitudinal axis, the rotation must be restrained by a locking
     torque of at least 100 Nm.
     The minimum required size of the jaw depends    on the D value of
     the coupling:
             D-value > 18 kN: width 150 mm, height   100 mm
      18 kN <D-value < 25 kN: width 280 mm, height   170 mm
     25 kN <D-value          : width 36 0 mm, height 200 mm
     The external corners of the jaw may be radiused.
      Smaller jaws are permitted for Class C50-X drawbar couplings if
     their use is restricted to centre axle trailers up to 3.5 t
     maximum permissible mass or if the use of a jaw from the above
     table is impossible due to technical reasons and if,
      furthermore, there are special circumstances such as visual aids
 ---pagebreak---                                - 31 -
       for ensuring safe execution of the automatic coupling procedure
       and if the field of application is restricted in the approval
       according to Annex III.
3.5.   Minimum freedom of movement of the coupled drawbar eye
       The coupled drawbar eye must be able to rotate horizontally +_
       90* about the vertical axis from the longitudinal axis of the
       vehicle (see Fig. 5 ) .
       The coupled drawbar eye must be able to rotate vertically + 2 0 *
       about the transverse axis from the horizontal axis of the
       vehicle (see Fig. 6 ) . If the motion is provided by a special
       joint (only on Class C50-X drawbar couplings) the field of
       application given in the approval according to Annex III must be
       restricted to the cases stated in Annex VII, Section 2.3.7.
       It must be possible for the coupled drawbar eye to be rotated
       axially + 2 5 * about the longitudinal axis from the horizontal
       plane of the vehicle (see Fig. 7 ) .
       The stated angles of rotation are applicable to drawbar
       couplings not attached to the vehicle.
3.6.   Minimum angle for coupling-up and uncoupling
       coupling and uncoupling of the drawbar eye must also be possible
       when the longitudinal axis of the drawbar eye in relation to the
       centreline of the jaw:
3.6.1. is rotated 50* horizontally to right or left
3.6.2. is rotated 10* vertically up or down
3.6.3. is rotated 10* axially to right or left.
3.7.   Locking to prevent inadvertent uncoupling
       In the closed position the coupling pin must be secured by two
       positive mechanical securing devices each of which must remain
       effective should the other fail.
       The closed and secured position of the coupling must be clearly
       indicated externally by a mechanical device. It must be
       possible to verify the position of the indicator by feel, e.g.
       in the dark.
       The mechanical device must indicate the engagement of both
       locking devices (an AND condition).
       However, it is sufficient for the engagement of only one locking
       device to be indicated if, in this situation, engagement of the
        second locking device is an inherent feature of the design.
3.8    Hand levers
       Hand levers must be of a design suitable for easy use with the
       end rounded off. The coupling must have no sharp edges or points
       of possible pinching near the hand lever which could result in
        injury during operation of the coupling.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 32 -
      The force needed to release the coupling, measured without the
      drawbar eye, must not exceed 250 N perpendicular to the hand
      lever along the line of operation.
3.9   Special requirements for standard drawbar couplings of Class
      C50-1 to C50-7
3.9.1 the swivel motion of the drawbar eye about the transverse axis
      must be achieved through the spherical shape of the coupling pin
      (and not by means of a special joint, see Fig. 6 ) .
3.9.2 Tensile and compressive shock loads along the longitudinal axis
      due to the clearance between the coupling pin and the drawbar
      eye must be attenuated by spring and/or damping devices (except
      C50-1).
3.9.3 The dimensions given in Fig. 8 and Table 3 must be adhered to.
3.9.4 The couplings must be suitable and tested for the characteristic
      values given in Table 4.
3.9.5 The couling must be opened by means of a hand lever at the
      coupling (no remote control).
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 33 -
                longitudinal axis of
                towing vehicle
Fig. 5 Minimum horizontal rotation of the coupled drawbar eye ± 90'
       about the vertical axis from the longitudinal axis of the
       vehicle
                                            special joint
                           20° nun
                          /20°min. \ 20° nun
                          Horizontal plane
Fig. 6 Minimum vertical rotation of the coupled drawbar eye ±20° about
        the transverse axis from the horizontal plane of the vehicle.
 ---pagebreak---                     - 34 -
             Horizontal plane
Fig.7
      KX;r.r:;= ttsar :r;;.*s;,:r -
 ---pagebreak---                            - 35 -
Fig.8 Dimensions of the standard drawbar coupling (mm), see Table 3
 ---pagebreak---                                              - 36 -
Table 3 :         Dimensions of standard drawbar couplings (mm), see Fig. 8
     C50-•1      C50-2     C50-3    C50-4     C50-5     C50-6    C50-7    remark
 el         8:i             120      140            160           200     +/-0,5
 e2         5«               55       80            100           120     +/-0,5
 dl    -            54       74       84             94           124     max.
 d2         lJ >,5           15       17             21            25     H13
 f         IK)              155      180            200           250     +6,-0
 g          8!               90      120            140           170     +/-3
 a    100          170      200      200            200           200     +20,-0
 b    150         280       360      360            360           360     +20,-0
 c          2<1              24       30             30            40     max.
 h    150          190      265      265            265           265     max.
 11    -           150      250      300            300           300     max.
 12   150         300       330      330            330           330     max.
 13   100          160      180      180            180           180     +/-20
 T     -            15       20       25        25        30       30     max.
Table 4 :         characteristic values for standard drawbar couplings
                  D = Max. D value (KN)
                  S - Max. static vertical bearing load (kg)
                  V = Max. V-value (KN)
          C50-1      C50-2    C50-3    C50-4     C50-5     C50-6    C50-7
    D       18          25       70      100       130       190      250
    S      200         250      650      900     1000      1000     1000
    V       12          10       18       25        35        50       85
4.                Drawbar eyes
                  The requirements stated in 4.1 are applicable to drawbar eyes of
                  Class D50.
                  Sections 4.2 to 4.5 list the additional requirements which must
                  be fulfilled by standard drawbar eyes.
4.1               General requirements for drawbar eyes
                  All drawbar eyes shall be able to satisfy the test stated in
                  Annex VI item 4.4.
                  Class D50 drawbar eyes are intended for use with C50 drawbar
                  couplings.
                  Drawbar eyes must not be able to rotate axially (because the
                  respective couplings can rotate).
 ---pagebreak---                            - 37 -
    If Class D50 drawbar eyes are fitted with sleeves, they shall
    comply with the dimensions shown in Fig. 13 (except class D50-C)
    or Fig. 14.
    The sleeves must not be welded into the drawbar eyes.
    Class D50 drawbar eyes must have the dimensions illustrated in
    Fig. 9 (if not stated otherwise in 4.2, 4.3 or 4.4)
    The form of shank for drawbar eyes of class D50-X is not
    specified, but in a distance of 210 mm from the centre of the
    eye the height "h" and the width "b" must be within the limits
    given by Table 6.
4.2 Special requirements for drawbar eyes of Class D50-A
    Drawbar eyes of class D50-A must have the dimensions illustrated
    in Fig. 9.
4.3 special requirements for drawbar eyes of class D50-B
    Class D50-B drawbar eyes must have the dimensions illustrated in
    Fig. 10.
4.4 Special requirements for drawbar eyes of class D50-C
    Class D50-C1 drawbar eyes must have the dimensions illustrated
    in Fig. 11.
    class D50-C2 drawbar eyes must have the dimensions illustrated
    in Fig. 12.
    Class D50-C drawbar eyes must be fitted with the sleeves
    illustrated in Fig. 14.
4.5 Load values for standard drawbar eyes
    The standard drawbar eyes and their means of attachement must be
    suitable and tested for the load values stated in Table 5.
    Table 5 : Characteristic values for standard drawbar eyes
    D - Max. D value (KN)
    S = Max. static vertical bearing load (kg)
    V - V-value (KN)
       Class             D               S             V
       D50-A              130          1000           30
       D50-B              130          1000           25
       D50-C1             190          1000           50
       D50-C2             250          1000           85
                              Table 5
 ---pagebreak---                                          - 38 -
Table 6       Dimensions for drawbar eyes D50-A and D50-X, see Fig.9
                 Class              h (mm)         b (mm)
                 D50-A              65+2           60+2
                                      -1             -1
                 D50-X              67 max         62 max
                                             8<T5
                                                  210!
               A-A
    shown w i t h o u t sleeve
             ^ s p h e r e $+15.?
                                325 « k
Fig. 9        Dimensions of Classes D50-A and D50-X drawbar eyes (see Table 6)
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 39
                                                6x1,5
                1*1
•^1:10
         v_                •I
         Drawllar eye                      Drawbar eye socket
 Fig. 10     Dimensions of Class D50-B drawbar eyes (see Fig. 9 for missing
             dimensions)
 ---pagebreak---                            - 40 -
të^^^^^Jj!*JÉ;!SË^Ç>a^ bS
                          ° ^ 1 ' c ^ w b ^5SW.<9*ë"• Fig, 9 for missing
 ---pagebreak---                             - 41 -
Fig. 12 Dimensions of Class D50-C2 drawbar eyes (see Fig. 9 for missing
        dimensions)
 ---pagebreak---                               - 42 -
Fig. 13 Slotted sleeve for D50 drawbar eyes
             ••S
                    i »
Fig. 14 Not slotted sleeve for D50-C drawbar eyes
 ---pagebreak---                                - 43 -
5.     Drawbars
5.1    Drawbars of class E must be able to satisfy the tests described
        in annex VI, section 4.5.
5.2    In order to provide a connection to the towing vehicle, the
       drawbars can be fitted either with coupling heads as in Section
        2 or drawbar eyes as in Section 4 of this Annex. The coupling
       heads and drawbar eyes can be attached by screwing, bolting or
       welding.
5.3     Hinged drawbars must be clear of the ground.
       They shall not fall below a height of 200 mm from the ground
       when released from the horizontal position.
5.4     Height adjusting devices for hinged drawbars
5.4.1   Hinged drawbars have to be equipped with devices for adjusting
        the drawbar to -the height of the coupling device of jaw. These
        devices roust be designed so that the drawbar can be adjusted by
        one person without tools or any other aids.
5.4.2   Height adjusting devices must be able to adjust  the drawbar eyes
      i or ball couplings from the horizontal above the  ground at least
        300 mm upwards and downwards. Within this range  the drawbar must
        be adjustable steplessly or in maximum steps of  50 mm measured
        at the drawbar eye or ball coupling.
5.4.3   The height adjusting device must not interfere with easy
        movement of the drawbar after coupling-up.
5.4.4   The height adjusting devices must not interfere with the action
        of any overrun brake.
5.5     In the case of drawbars combined with overrun brakes the
        distance between the centre of the drawbar eye and the end of
        the free shank of the drawbar eye must not be less than 200 mm
        in the brake application position. With the shank of the drawbar
        eye fully inserted the distance must not be less than 150 mm.
5.6     Drawbars for use on centre axle trailers must possess at least
        half the moment of resistance against lateral forces as against
        vertical forces.
6.      Mounting frames
6.1     Mounting frames shall be appropriate for the attachment of the
        concerned coupling device to the corresponding vehicle(s).
6.2     Mounting frames must not be welded to the chassis, bodywork or
        other part of the vehicle.
6.3     Mounting frames must be able to satisfy the tests laid down in
        Annex VI, section 4.3.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 44 -
7.    Fifth wheel couplins and steering wedges
      The requirements of 7.1 to 7.9 are applicable to all fifth wheel
      couplings of class G50.
      Section 7.10 lists the additional requirements which must be
      fulfilled by standard coupling devices.
      Steering wedges must satisfy the requirements listed in 7.9.
7.1   Suitable fifth wheel coupling pins
      Class G50 fifth wheel couplings must be designed so that they
      can be used with class H50 coupling pins and provide the
      specified characteristics with them.
7.2   Automatic operation
      Fifth wheel couplings must be automatic in operation.
7.3   Guides
      Fifth wheel couplins must be equipped with a guide which ensures
      safe and secure engagement of the coupling pin. The entry width
      of the guide must be at least 350 mm.
7.4   Minimum free movement of the fifth wheel coupling with the
      coupling pin engaged (but with the fifth wheel coupling not
      attached to a mounting plate or vehicle)
      With the coupling pin engaged, fifth wheel couplings must permit
      the following minimum values of rotation of the coupling pin in
      the travelling position:
7.4.1 ±90* about the vertical axis (not applicable to fifth wheel
      couplings with positive sterring) and, simultaneously,
7.4.2 ± 1 2 * about the horizontal axis transverse to the direction of
      travel. This angle does not necessarily cover off road use.
7.4.3 Rotation about the longitudinal axis of up to ± 3* is permitted.
      However, on a fully oscillating fifth wheel coupling, this angle
      may be exceeded, providing that a locking mechanism enables the
      restriction of the rotation up to ± 3*.
7.5   Locking devices to prevent uncoupling of fifth wheel couplings
      The locking mechanism of the coupling must secure the coupling
      pin two positive ways; the second locking device may operate on
      the first. The first locking device must operate automatically
      at coupling-up. If the second locking device has to be operated
      by hand it should only be possible to engage it after the first
      device has been fully engaged. If the second locking device
      operates automatically, the engagement of both must be indicated
      visually.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 45 -
7.6    Operating devices
       In the closed position the operating devices must be secured to
       prevent inadvertent operation.
7.7    Surface finish
       The surfaces of the coupling plate and coupling lock must be
       functionally satisfactory and carefully machined, forged, cast
       or pressed.
7.8    Load requirements
       All fifth wheel couplings must be able to satisfy the tests
       described in Annex VI, Section 4.6.
7.9    Steering wedges
       Couplings of class G50-X which are unsuitable for positive
       steering must be marked appropriately.
7.9.1  The dimensions of steering wedges for the positive steering of
       semi-trailers must be as in Fig. 16.
7.9.2  The steering wedge must allow safe and secure coupling-up. The
       steering wedge must be spring-mounted.
       The strength of the spring must be selected so that it is
       possible to couple up an unloaded semi-trailer and so that, with
       the semi-trailer fully loaded, the steering wedge is firmly in
       contact with the flanks of the coupling during travel.
       Uncoupling of the fifth wheel must be possible with the semi-
       trailer both loaded and unloaded.
7.10   Special requirements for standard fifth wheels couplings
7.10.1 Standard fifth wheel couplings of Classes G50-1, G50-2, G50-3
       and G50-4 must have the dimensions indicated in Fig. 15 and
       Table 7.
7.10.2 Standard fifth wheel couplings must be suitable for and tested
       for a D-value of 150 KN and a value of U of 20 t.
7.10.3 Release must be possible by a hand lever directly at the
       coupling.
7.10.4 Standard fifth wheel couplings must be suitable for the positive
       steering of semi-trailers by means of steering wedges (see
       section 7.9.).
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 46 -
                                    i                           TT
                                             ^      <F
                                                t06
              sect ion A-B
(shown oversize, turned through 90'
 and with the coupling pin)
             1*^5°
  Provide space for steering wedge
                                                              Bearing surface
                                                              for s t e e r i n g wed-
Fig. 15       Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings (see Table 7)
 ---pagebreak---                               - 47 -
Table 7 Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings  (mm) (see Fig. 15)
                 G50-1      G50-2      G50-3      G50-4
          H      150 ± 10   175 ± 10   200 ± 10   250 ± 10
          h                 + 2
                         52
                            - 1
          a                         minimum ±12°
1)      Only applicable to steering wedges over 60 mm thick
2)      This dimension only refers to the functional surface; the
        steering wedge itself can be longer
Fig. 16 Dimensions of spring-mounted steering wedges
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 48 -
8.      Fifth wheel coupling pins
8.1     Fifth wheel coupling pins of Class H50 (ISO 337) must have the
        dimensions shown in Fig. 17.
8.2     The coupling pins must be able to satisfy the tests described in
        Annex VI, Section 4.8.
                 * < * i                       •— • •      *.•*
                                       i?3:W
                                                       \  or
                         "7
                                      o 50. Bio.i
                         J.
                                                          V
                                                        A.0
                                                      V..
                          .pace f o r «ar»i i»»g
                                      e71.5tot
                                                      "A- actional c^»3">^er 2*$X-*5°
Fig. 17 Dimensions of Class H50 fifth wheel coupling pins
9.      Mounting plates
 9.1    Class J mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings must have a
        hole configuration corresponding to Classes G50-1,G50-2, G50-3
        and G50-4 if they are intended for standard fifth wheel
        coup Ii ngs.
9.2     Mounting plates for standard fifth wheel couplings must be
        suitable for the positive steering of semi-trailers (with
        steering wedges). Mounting plates for non-standard fifth wheel
        couplings which are unsuitable for positive steering must be
        marked appropriately.
 9.3    Mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings must be able to
         satisfy the tests described in Annex VI, Section 4.7.
 10.     Devices for remote indication and remote control
 10.1    General requirements
         Devices for remote indication and remote control are permitted
         on automatic coupling devices of Classes C50-X and G50-X.
         Devices for remote indication and remote control must not
         interfere with the minimum free movement of the coupled drawbar
         eye or coupled semi-trailer. They must be permanently connected
         to the vehicle.
 ---pagebreak---                               - 49 -
       All the devices for remote indication or remote control fall
       within the scope of.testing and approval of the coupling device
       together with all parts of the operating devices and
       transmission devices.
10.2   Remote indication
10.2.1 For an automatic coupling procedure, remote indication devices
       must indicate the closed and doubly locked position of the
       coupling in an optical manner according to section 10.2.2 and/or
       10.2.3.
10.2.2 The change from the open to the closed and doubly locked
       position shall be indicated by a green optical signal.
10.2.3 If the open and/or unsecured position is indicated, a red
       optical signal shall be used.
10.2.4 In the case of -indicating the termination of the automatic
       coupling procedure, the remote indication has to ensure that the
       coupled devices are really connected together (e.g. that pin has
       actually engaged in the drawbar eye).
10.2.5 The appearance of any fault in the remote indication system
       shall not indicate a closed and locked position during the
       coupling procedure if the endposition has not been reached.
10.2.6 The disengagement of one of the two locking devices must cause
       the green optical signal to extinguish and/or the red optical
       signal to show.
10.2.7 The mecanical indicators directly at the coupling device must be
       retained.
       The remote indication device shall be automatically activated
       during every coupling procedure.
10.2.8 In order to avoid distracting the driver during normal driving,
       there shall be a provision for switching off the remote
       indication device.
10.2.9 The operating controls and indicators of the remote indication
       devices must be mounted within the driver's field of vision and
       be permanently and clearly identified.
10.3   Remote control
10.3.1  If a remote control device is employed, there must also be a
       remote indication device as described in 10.2 which must also
        indicate the open condition of the coupling.
10.3.2  There must be a dedicated switch (i.e. master switch, lever or
       valve) for enabling or barring opening of the coupling by means
        of the remote control device. If this master switch is not
        located in the driving cab it must not be in a position where it
        is freely accessible to unauthorized persons or it must be
        lockable. The actual operation of the coupling from the driving
        cab may only be possible when inadvertent operation has been
        precluded.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 50 -
       It must be possible to ascertain whether opening of the coupling
       under remote control has been enabled or not.
10.3.3 If remote control involves the coupling being opened by external
       force, the condition under which the external force acts on the
       coupling must be indicated appropriately to the driver. This is
       not necessary if the external force is only operative while the
       remote control is operating.
10.3.4 If the actuating device for opening the coupling under remote
       control is mounted externally on the vehicle it must be possible
       to oversee the area between the coupled vehicles, but it must
       not be necessary, however, to enter this area in order to
       operate it.
10.3.5 Any single error in operation or the occurrence of any single
       fault in the system must not result in accidental opening of the
       coupling during normal road travel. Any faults in the system
       must be indicated directly or be immediately obvious at the next
       operation, e.g. by a malfunction.
10.3.6 In the event of a failure of remote control it must be possible
       to open the coupling in at least one other way in an emergency
       case. If this requires the use of a tool it must be included in
       the vehicle's tool kit. The requirements of Annex V, Section 3.8
       are not applicable to hand levers used exclusively for opening
       the coupling in an emergency.
10.3.7 The operating controls and indicators for the remote control
       devices must be permanently and clearly identified.
 ---pagebreak---                            - 51 -
                          ANNEX VI
    Testing of mechanical coupling devices
1.  General testing requirements
1.1 Specimens of coupling devices must be tested; both, strength
    tests and function tests being performed.
    However the Technical Service may waive a strength test if the
    simple design of a component makes a theoretical check possible.
1.2 With coupling devices the strenght must be verified by a dynamic
    test (endurance test). In certain cases some additional static
    tests may be necessary (see section 4 ) . In the case of simple
    Class E components, which past experience has shown to require
    no endurance test for safe verification, a static test or
    theoretical calculation will be sufficient. In cases of doubt it
    is the results -of dynamic testing that are overriding. The
    Technical Service responsible will decide on the type of tests
    to be employed.
1.3 Check calculations must ensure quality of the results with those
    of dynamic or static testing.
1.4 The dynamic test should be performed with approximately
    sinusoidal load (alternating and/or pulsating) with a number of
    stress cycles appropriate to the material. No cracks of
    fractures must occur.
1.5 Only slight permanent deformation is permitted with the static
    tests prescribed. The plastic deformation after releasing must
    not be more than 10 % of the maximum deformation.
1.6 The loading assumptions in the dynamic tests are based on the
    horizontal force component in the longitudinal axis of the
    vehicle and the vertical force component.
    Horizontal force components transverse to the longitudinal axis
    of the vehicle, and moments, are not taken into account provided
    they are of only minor significance.
    If the design of the coupling device or its attachment to the
    vehicle or the attachment of additional systems (as stabilizers,
    short coupling systems etc.) generates additional forces or
    moments additional tests may be required by the Technical
    Service.
    The horizontal force component in the longitudinal axis of the
    vehicle is represented by a theoretically determined reference
     force, the D value as defined in Annex 1, Section 2.1.18. The
    vertical force component, where applicable, is represented by
    the static vertical bearing load s at the point of coupling and
     the assumed vertical load V, defined in Annex I, Section 2.1.19
     or by the static vertical bearing load U in case of fifth wheel
     couplings.
 ---pagebreak---                           - 52 -
1.7 The characteristic values D, S, V and U on which the tests are
    based, must be taken from the manufacturer's application for the
    granting of EEC type approval.
2.  Test procedures
2.1 For the dynamic tests and static tests the specimen must be
    placed in a suitable rig with a suitable means of force
    application so that it is not subjected to any additional forces
    or moments apart from the specified test force. In the case of
    alternating tests the direction of force application must not
    deviate by more than ±1* from the specified direction. In the
    case of pulsating and static tests the angle must be set for top
    force. This will normally require a joint at the point of force
    application (i.e. the point of coupling) and a second joint an
    adequate distance away.
2.2 The test frequency must not exceed 35 Hz. The selected frequency
    shall be well seperated from resonance frequencies of the test
    set-up inducing the tested device. With asynchronous testing
    the frequencies of the two force components must be
    approximately 1% to a maximum of 3% apart. For coupling devices
    made of steel the number of stress cycles is 2 x 10 6 . for
    devices made of other materials than steel a higher number of
    cycles may be necessary. The dye-penetration method of crack
    testing or an equivalent method must be employed.
2.3 With alternating test forces (components) the mean force is
    zero. With pulsating tests the test force is equal to the top
    force; the bottom force may be up to 5% of the top force unless
    stated otherwise in the specific testing requirements.
2.4 With static tests the test force must be applied smoothly and
    quickly and be maintained for at least 60 seconds.
2.5 The coupling devices on test shoud normally be mounted as
    rigidly as possible on a test rig in the actual position in
    which they will be used on the vehicle. The fixing devices
    should be those specified by the manufacturer or applicant and
    should be those intented for its attachment to the vehicle
    and/or shall have identical mechanical characteristics.
2.6 Preferably, couplings have to be tested in original condition as
    being foreseen for the use on the road. At the discretion of the
    manufacturer and in agreement with the Teichnical Service
    flexible components may be neutralized if this is necessary for
    the test procedure and if there is no concern about unrealistic
    influence to the test result.
    Flexible components being apparently overheated due to this
    accelerated test procedure are may be replaced during the test.
    The test loads may be applied by means of special slack-free
    devices.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 53 -
3. Symbols and definitions in Annex VI
   Av =      max. permitted axle load of the steered axle in t
   C         = mass of centre axle trailer in t (as Annex I, Section
                2.1.18)
   D         = D value in kN (Annex I, Section 2.1.18)
   R         = mass of full trailer in t (Annex I, section 2.1.18)
   T         = mass of towing vehicle in t (Annex I, Section 2.1.18)
   FA =      static lifting force in kN
   Fn =      horizontal component of test force in longitudinal
             axis of vehicle in kN
   F3 =      vertical component of test force in kN
   F_        horizontal component of test force transverse to
             longitudinal axis of vehicle in kN
   Fns r e s    =                                    resultant test
                                                     force of F n and
                                                     F S in kN
   F
     hq res                                          resultant test
                                                     force of F h an
                                                     P
                                                       q in kN
   S         = static vertical load in kg
   U         = fifth wheel imposed vertical load in t
   V         = V-Value in kN (Annex I, Section 2.1.19)
   a         = equivalent vertical acceleration factor in the
                coupling point of centre axle trailers depending on
                the kind of suspension on the rear axle(s) of the
                towing vehicle
   e         = longitudinal distance between the coupling point of
                coupling balls which can be dismantled and the
                vertical plane of the fixing points (see Fig. 23 to
                26) in mm
   f          = vertical distance between the coupling point of
                coupling balls which can be dismantled and the
                horizontal plane of the fixing points (see Fig. 22 to
                26) in mm
   g         = acceleration due to gravity, assumed as 9,81 m/s 2
   1          = theoretical drawbar length between the centre of the
                drawbar eye and the centre of the axle assembly in m
   n         = distance between drawbar eye and centre line of the
                 steered axle in mm
   r          = scrub radius in mm
   s          = track in mm
   x          = length of the loading area of a centre axle trailer in
                m
   Subscripts :                                       o = top force
                 U = bottom force
                w =  alternating
                 h = horizontal
                 s = vertical
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 54 -
4.    Specific testing requirements
4.1   Coupling balls and towing brackets
4.1.1 The mechanical coupling devices of coupling balls may be of the
      following types:
      -   one-piece coupling balls including devices with non-
          interchangeable detachable balls (see Fig. 21)
      -   coupling balls, comprising a number of parts which can be
          dismantled (see Fig. 22,23,24)
          towing brackets (see Fig. 25)
4.1.2 The basic test is an endurance test with an alternating test
      force. The test specimen is the coupling ball, the ball neck and
      the mountings necessary for attaching to the vehicle. The
      coupling ball and towing brackets must be rigidly mounted to a
      test rig, capable of producing alternating forces, in the actual
      position in which it is intended for use.
4.1.3 The positions of the fixing points for attaching the coupling
      ball and towing brackets are specified by the vehicle
      manufacturer (see Annex VII, Section 1.3).
4.1.4 The devices submitted to the test shall be provided with all
      design details which may have an influence on the strength
      criteria (for examle electrical socket plate, any marking etc.).
      The test periphery ends at the anchorage points or fitting
      points. The geometric location of the coupling ball and the
      fixing points of the coupling device related to the reference
      line shall be provided by the vehicle manufacturer and shall be
      shown in the test report.
      All relative positions of the anchorage points with respect to
      the reference line, for which the towing vehicle manufacturer
      shall provide all the necessary information to the towing device
      manufacturer, shall be repeated on the test bed.
4.1.5 The assembly mounted on the test bed shall be subjected to a
      test on an alternating stress tensible testing machine (for
      example on a resonance pulser).
      The test load shall be an alternating force and must be applied
      to the coupling ball at an angle of 15* ± 1* as shown in Fig. 18
      and/or Fig. 19.
       If the ball center is above that line parallel to the reference
       line as shown in Fig. 20 which contains the highest of the
      nearest fixing points, the test has to be carried out with an
      angle    = -15* ± 1* (see Fig. 18). If the ball center is below
      that line parallel to the reference line as shown in Fig. 20
      which contains the highest of the nearest fixing points, the
      test has to be carried out with an angle     = 15* i 1* (see Fig.
       19).
      This angle is chosen in order to take iccount of the vertical
       static and dynamic load. This test me* lod is only applicable to
       a permitted static load of not more t *n S = 120 • D.. If a
                                                          9
       static load above 120 • D is requested, the test angle should
                                   g
       be increased to 20*.
       The dynamic test must be performed with the following test
       force: F h g r e s = ± 0,6 D
 ---pagebreak---                                                     - 55 -
Fig.    18 Test r i g      I
                                                               reference l i n e
Fig.    19 Test r ig I I
                                   highest     fixing   pcir.-
                                                   line  parallel         reference line
                                                            re f e r e n c e 1 ine
                                                           b a l l center
F i g . 20 C r i t e r i a f o r the t e s t angles
 ---pagebreak---                                           - 56 -
                                                                  rt\
                                            K ^ - ^  ^   y<  ^
        T}      £r                             i I  •  •    I"
                             #
                                V
F i g . 21 One coupling b a i l
4.1 .6           The test procedure is applicable to the different types of
                 coupling devices (see 4.1.1) as follows :
4.1.6.1          One-piece coupling balls including devices with non-
                 interchangeable detachable balls (see Fig. 2 1 ) .
                 The strength test for the devices shown in Fig. 21 shall be
                 carried out according to the requirements of section 4.1.5.
4.1.6.2          Coupling balls, comprising parts which can be dismantled.
                 The following categories are defined:
                 -   towing   bracket and ball (see Fig. 22)
                 -   towing   bracket and ball on integral support (see Fig. 23)
                 -   towing   bracket and ball (see Fig. 24)
                 -   towing   bracket without ball (see Fig. 25)
Fig. 22 Towing bracket and ball
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 57 -
     \ N \ ^ N S ^ \X                          .T\
Fig. 23 Towing bracket and ball on integral support
               WVs^VjAX
                                         exi
                                          r-^H
Fig. 24 Towing bracket and ball
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 58 -
     V, 4 / / S ,,/    A
Fig. 25 Towing bracket
              The strength test for the devices shown in Fig. 22 to 24 shall
              be carried out according to the requirements of Section 4.1.5.
              Dimensions e and f with a manufacturing tolerance of ± 5 mm,
              shall be shown in the test report.
              The test of the towing bracket (see Fig. 25) shall be carried
              out with a mounted ball (on support). Account will be taken only
              of the results to the towing bracket between the fixing points
              and the mounting surface of the ball support.
              The dimensions e and f are to be specified by the coupling
              device manufacturer.
4.1.6.3       Coupling devices with variable dimensions e and f for
              demountable and interchangeable coupling balls.
4.1.6.3.1.    The strength tests for such towing brackets (shown in figure 26)
              shall be carried out to the requirements of Section 4.1.5.
4.1.6.3.2.     If a worst case configuration can be defined by agreement
              between the manufacturer and the Technical Service, the testing
              of this one configuration alone shall be sufficient.
              Otherwise, several ball positions shall be tested in a
              simplified test programme according to 4.1.6.3.3.
4.1.6.3.3.     In a simplified test programme, the value for f shall be between
              a defined value of f m j n and a value of f m a x which does not
              exceed 100 mm. The ball shall be at a distance (e m a x ) of 130
              mm from the support.
              To cover all possible positions of the ball, in the field given
              by the horizontal distance from the mounting surface and the
               vertical range of f (f m i n to 'max)* t w o devices are to be
               tested:
              -   one with a ball in top (fmax) a n d
               -  one with a ball in low (f m j n ) position.
               If the field of possible ball positions is divided by the line
               parallel reference line (see fig. 26c), the test angles are:
               -0C for the ball above, and +01 for the ball below that
               reference line (compare Fig. 20).
 ---pagebreak---                                               - 59 -
  a   f
    >   max below line parallel reference line test angles: + O C
                                          reference    line  *©c
                                                                       bail beiow
                                                 max
 Fig. 26a Towing bracket and support for a various number of ball posit!
                                                                                  ons
 b) f m l n above line parallel reference line test angles: - C*
                                                         -0/
         re f e r s n c s lines
          l^ne c a r s i l e l  reference   line    TjH^ —c<. j       b a l l above
                                                                  e
                                                                L _ T
                                          max
Fig. 26b Towing bracket and support for a various number of ball posit!
                                                                                 ons
 ---pagebreak---                                                      - 60 -
  c
    > *max a b 0 v e n n e p a r a l l e l   reference     line
        min below l i n e p a r a l l e l    reference     line
      t e s t a n g l e s : + C * a n d - OL
                                                                                s f 6r snc s  i_nes
        line     parallel           reference     line/        '  //,                    ! b a l l above
                                                                                           b a l l below
                                                                                        A
v
                                                    max
   Fig.    26c Towing bracket and s u p p o r t       f o r a v a r i o u s number of b a l l  positions
   4.2                    Coup Iing heads
   4.2.1                   The basic test is an endurance test with an alternating test
                           force and a static test (lifting test) on each test specimen.
   4.2.2                   The dynamic test must be performed with a Class A coupling ball
                          of appropriate strength. On the test rig the ball coupling and
                           coupling ball must be arranged as instructed by the manufacturer
                           and in a way corresponding to their attachment in a vehicle.
                           There should be no possibility of extra forces in addition to
                           the test force acting on the specimen.
                           The test force must be applied along a line passing through the
                           centre of the ball and inclined downwards to the rear at 15°
                           (see Fig. 2 7 ) . An endurance test must be performed on a test
                           specimen with the following test force:
 ---pagebreak---                                                  - 61 -
                                        F
                                          hs res w • * °-6   D
                                                          <^ - --A5
Fig. 27 Dynamic test
4.2.3                  A static lifting test must also be performed. The coupling ball
                       used for the test must have a diameter of
                                                 + 0,13
                                            49            mm
                                                 - 0
                       in order to represent a worn coupling ball. The lifting force
                       FA must be increased smoothly and quickly to a value of C +S
                       and be held for 10 seconds (see Fig. 28). The coupling head
                       shall not separate from the ball or exhibit any permanent
                       distortion which could have an adverse effect on its functional
                       capabiIity.
                                7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 / / / / y
F i g . 28 L i f t i n g  test
 ---pagebreak---                                - 62 -
4.3      Drawbar couplings and mounting frames
4.3.1.   An endurance test must be performed on one test specimen. The
         drawbar coupling must be equipped with all the fixings needed to
         attach it to the vehicle frame.
         Any intermediate devices fitted between the drawbar coupling and
         the vehicle frame (i.e. mounting frames) must be tested with the
         same forces as the coupling.
4.3.2.   Drawbar couplings for hinged drawbars (S=0)
         The dynamic tests must be performed with a horizontal
         alternating force of F   = o 6 n    *•'       1*        nit-
         the ground and in the ttfngirudinal median plane of the towing
         vehicle passing through the centre of the coupling pin.
4.3.3.   Drawbar couplings for use with centre axle trailers (S > 0 ) .
4.3.3.1. Centre axle trailer masses up to and including 3.5. t
         Drawbar couplings for use with centre axle trailers up to and
         including a mass of 3.5 t must be tested in the same way as
         coupling balls and towing brackets described in 4.1 of this
         Annex.
4.3.3.2  Centre axle trailer masses exceeding 3.5. t
         The test loads are applied to the specimen in the horizontal and
         vertical directions in an asynchronous endurance test. The
         horizontal line of action must be parallel to the ground in the
         longitudinal median plane of the towing vehicle and pass through
         the centre of the coupling pin. The vertical line of action must
         be perpendicular to the ground in the longitudinal median plane
         of the towing vehicle and pass through the centre of the
         coupling pin (see Fig. 29).
         The fixing arrangements for the drawbar coupling and the drawbar
         eye on the test bed shall be those intended for its attachment
         to the vehicle in accordance with the manufacturer's fitting
          instructions.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 63 -
          The following test loads shall be applied to the coupling
          point
         test load         mean value (KN)   amplitude (KN)
         horizontal              0           +/- 0.6 * D
         load
         vertical             g » S          +/- 0.6 * V
         load                 1000
       The test force is the geometrical sum of the vertical and the
       horizontal components. This can be achieved by the test bed
       configuration shown in Fig. 29. The vertical and the horizontal
       components shall be sinusoidal in shape and shall be applied
       asynchronously, where the difference of their frequencies shall
       be between 1% and 3%, so that resulting test forces in all
       directions are created.
4.3.4. Static test on coupling pin locking device
       With drawbar couplings it is also necessary to test the closure
       and any locking devices by means of a static force of 0.25 D
       acting in the direction of opening. The test must not cause the
       closure to open and it must not cause any damage. A test force
       of 0.1 D is sufficient in the case of cylindrical coupling pins
 ---pagebreak---                                             - 64 -
                                                               * " t > « i t e s t load
/ / / r/ //J//////////////////           >*/ /'/>/////////            /SS//S-/S         SSSS/s}
                               Example of test bed configuration
                     Fig. 29 Testrig for drawbar couplings (example)
  4.4                Drawbar eyes
  4.4.1              Drawbar eyes must be subjected to the same dynamic testing as
                     drawbar couplings. Drawbar eyes used solely for trailers having
                     hinged drawbars allowing free vertical movement must be
                     subjected to an alternating load as described in 4.3.2. Drawbar
                     eyes also intended for use on centre axle trailers must be
                     tested in the same way as ball couplings (4.2.) for trailer
                     masses C up to and Including 3.5 t and in the same way as
                     drawbar couplings (4.3.3.2.) for centre axle trailer with a
                     mass C exceeding 3.5 t.
  4.4.2              The testing of drawbar eyes must be conducted In such a manner
                     that the alternating load also acts on the parts used for
                     attaching the drawbar eye to the drawbar. All flexible
                     intermediate components must be clamped.
  4.5                Drawbars
  4.5.1              Drawbars shall be tested In the same way as drawbar eyes (see
                     4.4).
                     The technical service may waive an endurance test if the simple
                     design of a component makes a theoretical check of Its strength
                     possIbIe.
                     The design loads for the endurance test or the theoretical
                     verification of the drawbar of centre axle trailers with a
                     mass C of up to and including 3.5 t shall be taken from ISO
                     7641/1 (1983).
 ---pagebreak---                                  - 65 -
        The design loads for the theoretical verification of drawbars
        for centre axle trailers having a mass C over 3,5 t must be
        calculated as follows:
        F
          sw   - ± 0.6 ( 1000 + V)
        where the force amplitude V is that given in Annex 1, Section
        2.1.19.
        The asynchronous nature of the horizontal and vertical force
        components must be taken into account by multiplying the sum of
        the bending moments by a factor 0.75. This reduced total bending
        moment must not be less than the maximum individual bending
        moment.
4.5.2   In addition to the endurance test or theoretical verification of
        strength, the resistance to buckling must be verified either by
        a theoretical calculation with a design load of 1,8 X D or by a
        buckling test with a design load of 3 X D.
4.5.3.  In the case of steered axles, theoretical calculation must
        verify the maximum permitted bending stresses due to lateral
        forces.
        design loads :
            F
             qy « g* 0.18 * Aj, • r (for stub axle steering)
            F
              qv • g* 0.18 • Ay * £   (for fifth wheelr steering)
4.6.     Fifth wheel couplings
4.6.1    The basic strength tests are a dynamic test and a static test
          (lifting test). Fifth wheel couplings intended for the positive
         steering of semi-trailers must be subject to an additional
         static test (bending test).
         For the purpose of the tests the fifth wheel coupling must be
         equipped with all the fixings needed to attach it to the
         vehicle. The method of mounting must be identical to that
         employed subsequently on the vehicle itself.
4.6.2.   Static tests
4.6.2.1  standard fifth wheel couplings designed for a steering wedge or
         similar device for the positive steering of semi-trailers (see
         Annex V, Section 7.9) must be tested for adequate strength by
         means of a static bending test within the working range of the
         steering device with the simultaneous application of fifth wheel
         load. The maximum permitted fifth wheel load U must be applied
         vertically on the coupling in its operating position by means of
         a rigid plate of sufficient size to cover the coupling
         completely.
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 66 -
              The resultant of the applied load must pass through the centre
              of the horizontal Joint of the fifth wheel coupling.
              Simultaneously, a horizontal lateral force, representing the
              force needed for positive steering of the semi-trailer, must be
              applied to the flanks of the guide for the coupling pin. The
              magnitude of this force and the direction in which it acts must
              be chosen so that a moment of 0.75 m X D is exerted about the
              centre of the coupling pin.
              The moment should be applied by means of a force acting on a
              lever arm 0.5 m long. Permanent (plastic) distortion up to 0.5 %
              of all nominal dimensions is permitted. There must be no
              cracking.
4.6.2.2       A static lifting test must be performed on all fifth wheel
              couplings. Up to a lifting force of F A - g-U there must be
              no major permanent bending of the coupling plate over more than
              0.2 % of its width.
               In the case of Class G50 standard fifth wheel couplings and
              comparable couplings for the same coupling pin diameter there
              must be no separation of the coupling pin from the coupling with
              a I ift ing force of
              FA - 9    2.5 • U.
              The force should be applied by means of a lever bearing on the
              coupling plate at one end and being raised at the other end at a
              distance of 1.0 to 1.5 m from the centre of the coupling pin
              (see Fig. 3 0 ) .
              The lever arm must be at 90° to the direction of entry of the
              coupling pin into the coupling. A second test with the lever arm
              repositioned at 180° shall be performed.
              For the second test a new specimen may be used.
Sketch of the test rig
Looking from the rear
Fig. 30 Lifting test on fifth wheel couplings
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 67 -
4.6.3   Dynamic test
        The fifth wheel coupling must be subjected to alternating stress
        on a test rig (asynchronous dynamic test) with horizontal
        alternating and vertical pulsating forces acting simultaneously.
4.6.3.1 In the case of fifth wheel couplings not intended for the
        positive steering of semi-trailers the following forces must be
        used:
                 Horizontal: F
                               hw   t 0.6 • D
                 Vertical:   F      g • 1.2 • U
                             psO    g • 0.4 • U
                               sU
        These two forces must be applied in the longitudinal median
        plane of the vehicle with F                      . ^     ^
        7. . . . , ..          , .    «o u passing through the centre of
        the joint of the coupling. s u # u F     *     ^
        The vertical force F
                              so U alternates between the limits
        +1 2
              • u and +0.4 • U
        and the horizontal force between
        +0.6
              • D and -0.6* D.
4.6.3.2 In the case of fifth wheel couplings intended for the positive
        steering of semi-trailers the following forces must be used:
                horizontal: F      . _ „__     ^
                              hw » * 0- 67 * * D
                vertical:   F
                              sO,U as in 4.6.3.1
        The lines of action of the forces are shown in 4.6.3.1.
4.6.3.3 For the dynamic test of fifth wheel couplings, a suitable
        lubricating sheet material shall be placed between the coupling
        plate and the trailer plate so that a maximum friction
        coefficient of JJ = 0.15 is assured.
4.7     Mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings
        The dynamic test for fifth wheel couplings described in 4.6.3
        and the static tests described in 4.6.2 must be applied
        appropriately to mounting plates. With mouting plates it is
        sufficient to perform the lifting test on one side only. The
        test must be based on the maximum assigned installation height
        for the coupling, the maximum assigned width and the minimum
        assigned lenght of the mounting plate design. It is not
        necessary to carry out this test if the mounting plate is
        narrower and/or longer and the total height lower, but otherwise
        identical to a design which has already undergone this test.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 68 -
4.8   Fifth wheel coupling pins of semi-trailers
4.8.1 A dynamic test with alternating stress must be performed on a
      specimen on a test rig. The testing of the coupling pin must not
      be combined with the testing of the fifth wheel coupling. The
      test must be conducted so that the load is also applied to the
      fixings needed for attaching the coupling pin to the semi-
      trailer.
4.8.2 A dynamic test with a horizontal load of F
      must be applied to the coupling pin in thehopIratxn§ position.
      The line of action of the force must pass through the centre of
      the smallest diameter of the cylindrical part of the coupling
      pin having a diameter of 50.8 mm for Class H50 (see annex V,
      Fig. 17).
 ---pagebreak---                            - 69 -
                         ANNEX VII
    Requirements relating to the type-approval of the vehicle type
    with regard to the optional attachment of mechanical coupling
    devices to this vehicle.
1.  General requirements
1.1 The vehicle manufacturer shall state which types and classes of
    coupling devices may be fitted to the vehicle type giving the
    values of D, V, S or U (if applicable) which are based on the
    construction of the vehicule type in combination with the
    type(s) of the coupling device(s) intended to be used. The
    characteristics D, V, S or U of the coupling devices approved in
    accordance with this Directive shall be equal or greater than
    the characteristics given for the combination concerned.
1.2 The coupling device shall be attached to the vehicle type
    according to the installation instructions, given by the vehicle
    manufacturer in agreement with the coupling manufacturer and the
    Technical Service. The vehicle manufacturer shall state the
    appropriate attachment points for the coupling device on the
    vehicle type and, if necessary, mounting brackets, mounting
    plates, etc. to be.fitted on the specific vehicle type.
1.3 Only automatic coupling devices which allow an automatic
    coupling procedure on motor vehicles shall be employed for the
    coupling of trailers having a maximum mass of more than 3,5 t.
1.4 When mounting coupling devices of classes B, D, E and H on
    trailers, a value of 32 t for the maximum mass T of the towing
    vehicle must taken into account for D-value calculation. If the
    D-value of the coupling device is not sufficient for T = 32 t,
    the resulting restriction on the mass T of the towing vehicle or
    the mass of the vehicle' combination must be stated in the EEC
    vehicle type approval certificate of the trailer (AnnexIX).
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 70 -
2.            Special requirements
2.1           Attachment of coupling balls and towing brackets
2.1 .1        Coupling balls and towing brackets must be attached to a vehicle
               in a manner which conforms to the clearance and height
               dimensions given in Fig. 31.
                         <5'
                                                  Profit* vt«wr (»«cx»*»0>&"A
                                                                              s i
                                                                           _!J_
                                                         www /taction d-S)
  Fig. 31 Clearance space for coupling balls
  Any details not given must be selected appropriately.
  The dimensions and angles should be checked with suitable instruments
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 71 -
2.1.2 For coupling balls and towing brackets the vehicle manufacturer
      must supply mounting instructions and state whether any
      reinforcement of the fixing area is necessary.
2.1.3 It must also be possible to couple and uncouple ball couplings
      when the longitudinal axis of the ball coupling in relation to
      the centre line of the coupling ball and mounting:
      a) is horizontally B - 60° to right or left (see Fig. 31)
      b) is vertically          - 10° up or down (see fig. 31)
      c) is axially rotated 10° to right or left.
2.1.4 The mounted coupling ball must not obscure the place or
      visibility of the rear license plate, otherwise a coupling ball
      which can be dismantled has to be used.
2.2   Attachment of coupling heads
2.2.1 Class B coupling heads are permitted for trailers of the maximum
      mass up to and including 3.5.t.
      With the trailer horizontal and carrying the maximum permitted
      axle load, coupling heads must be attached so that the coupling
      point of the trailer is 430 ± 35 mm above the horizontal plane
      on which the wheels of the trailer stand (see Fig. 3 2 ) .
       In the case of caravans and goods trailers, the horizontal
      position is regarded as when the floor or loading surface is
      horizontal. In the case of trailers without such a reference
      surface (e.g. boat trailers of similar) the trailer manufacturer
      must give an appropriate reference line defining the horizontal
      pos i 11on.
2.2.2  It must be possible to operate the coupling heads safely within
      the free space of the coupling ball given in Fig. 31. The hand
       lever must be shaped in such a manner that there is existing an
      adequate freer space for the hands withing the operating area of
       the hand lever including the removal of the coupling head from
       the coup Iing balI.
              , * ; * / * * * * * * ' • • * ' ' * ' * * ' ' ' '
       Fig. 32 Mounting height of a coupling head
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 72 -
2.3           Attachment of drawbar couplings and mounting blocks
2.3.1         Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings
              If types of standard drawbar couplings are intended to be fitted
              to the vehicle type, the mounting dimensions on the vehicle
              given in Fig. 33 and Table 8 must be met.
Fig. 33 Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings (see Table 8)
 ---pagebreak---                             - 73 -
2.3.2 Need for remote controlled couplings
      If one or more of the following rules regarding easy and safe
      operation (2.3.3), accessibility (2.3.4) or clearance for the
      hand lever (2.3.5) cannot be met, a coupling with a remote
      control device as described in Annex V, section 10.3 must be
      used.
2.3.3 Easy and safe coupling operation
      Drawbar couplings must be mounted on the vehicle type in such a
      manner that they are easy and safe to operate.
      In addition to the functions of opening (and closing, if
      applicable) this also includes checking the position of the
      indicator for the closed and secured position of the coupling
      pin (by sight and touch).
      In the area in which the person operating the coupling must
      stand, there must be no points of possible danger such as sharp
      edges, corners, etc. inherent in the design or they must be
      protected so that injury is unlikely.
      The way of escape from this area must not be restricted or
      barred on either side by any attached objects.
      Any underrun protection device must not prevent the person
      adopting a suitable position to operate the coupling.
2.3.4 Accessibility
      The distance between the centre of the coupling pin and the rear
      edge of the vehicle bodywork must not exceed 420 mm.
      However, the distance of 420 mm may be exceeded if technical
      necessity can be demonstrated:
      1. a distance of up to 650 mm for vehicles with tipping
         bodies or rear-mounted equipment
      2. a distance of up to 1320 mm if the unobstructed
         height is at least 1150 mm
      3. car transporters with at least two loading levels when the
         trailer vehicle is not separated from the towing vehicle in
         normal transport operation,
      provided easy and safe actuation of the drawbar coupling is not
      adversly affected.
2.3.5 Clearance for the hand lever
      In order to permit safe operation of drawbar couplings there
      must be adequate free space around the hand lever.
      The clearance illustrated in Fig. 34 is regarded as sufficient.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 74 -
      If different types of standard drawbar couplings are intended to
      be fitted to the vehicle type, the clearance must be such that
      the conditions are also satisfied for the largest size of
      coupling of the appropriate class given in Annex V, Section 3.
      The dimensions are also applicable as appropriate for drawbar
      couplings having hand levers pointing downwards or of a
      different design.
      The clearance must also be maintained within the specified
      minimum angle for coupling-up and uncoupling given in Annex V,
      Section 3.6.
2.3.6 clearance for free movement of drawbar coupling
      The drawbar coupling attached to the vehicle must have a minimum
      clearance of 10 mm from every other part of the vehicle taking
      into account all possible geometrical positions of the coupling
      that can be adopted.
      If different types of stadard drawbar couplings are intended to
      be fitted to the vehicle type, the clearance must be such that
      the conditions are also satisfied for the largest possible
      coupling of the appropriate class stated in Annex V, Section 3.
2.3.7 Admissibility of drawbar couplings with a special joint for
      vertical rotation (see Fig. 6)
      couplings having a cylindrical pin and which achieve vertical
      rotation for the coupled drawbar eye by means of a special joint
      will only be permitted in cases when technical necessity can be
      demonstrated. This may be the case, for example, on rear tippers
      when the coupling head must be hinged, or with the couplings of
      heavy transporters when for strength reasons the use of a
      cylindrical coupling pin is necessary.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 75 -
Table 8  Mounting dimensions for standard drawbar couplings
        C50-1    C50-2  C50-3   C50-4   C50-5    C50-6    C50-7 remark
 e1           83          120    140          160          200  +/-0.5
 e2           56           55     80          100          120  +/-0.5
  d1       -      54       75     85           95          125  +1/-0.5
  d2          10,5         15     17           21           25  H13
  T        -       15      20     25      25           30       max.
  F          120          165    190          210          260  min.
  G           95          100    130          150          180  min.
  L1       -     200      300                 400               min.
 Fig. 34 Hand lever clearance
 ---pagebreak---                         - 76 -
2.4   Attachment of drawbar eyes and drawbars on trailers
2.4.1 Drawbars for centre axle trailers must have a support device
      adjustable in height if the vertical bearing load at the drawbar
      eye on the trailer type exceeds 50 kg, when the trailer is
      uniformly loaded to its technically permissible maximum mass.
2.4.2 When attaching drawbar eyes and drawbars to centre axle trailers
      with a maximum mass c of more than 3.5 t and more than one axle,
      they must be equipped with a device for axle load sharing such
      that when one axle is lifted by 6 cm the load of this axle does
      not increase by more than 25%, when uniformly loaded to its
      technically permissible maximum mass.
2.5   Attachment of fifth wheel couplings, mounting plates and
      coupling pins on vehicles
2.5.1 class G50 fifth wheel couplings must not be mounted directly on
      the vehicle frame unless permitted by the vehicle manufacturer.
      They must be fixed to the frame by means of the mounting plate,
      the installation instructions provided by the vehicle
      manufacturer or coupling manfacturer must be followed.
2.5.2 Semi-trailers must be equipped with landing gear or an other
      equipment which allows uncoupling and parking of the semi-
      trailer. If semi-trailers are equipped so that the connection of
      the coupling devices, the electrical systems and braking systems
      can be effected automatically, the trailer must have landing
      gear which retracts from the ground automatically after the
      semi-trailer has been coupled up.
2.5.3 The fixing of the fifth wheel coupling pin in the mounting plate
      on the semi-trailer must be as instructed by the vehicle
      manufacturer or manufacturer of the fifth wheel coupling.
2.5.4 If a semi-trailer is equipped with a steering wedge it must meet
      the requirements as described in Annex V, Sections 7.9.1 and
      7.9.2.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 77 -
                                    ANNEX VXII
                          Information Document No
              pursuant to Annex I of Council Directive 76/156/EEC
        relating to EEC Type approval of a vehicle with respect to the
              Fitting of Mechanical Coupling Devices (.../...EEC)
0.             GENERAL
0.1            Make (trade name of manufacturer)!
0.2            type and commercial description^):
0.3            Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle .
                                                                                 :
0.3.1          Location of that marking:
0.4            Category of vehicle (see Annex II of 70/156/EEC):
0.5            Name and address of manufacturer:
1.             GENERAL CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE
1.1            Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle:
1.4            chassis (if any) (overall drawing):
1.5            Material used for the side-members .
                                                       (d),
2.             MASSES AND DIMENSIONS
                                      (e)
               where applicable)          < i n k 9 and mm) (refer to drawing
2.2            In the case of tractive units
2.2.1          Fifth wheel lead (maximum and minimum)
2.2.2          Maximum height of the fifth wheel (standardized),. k
                                                                    (n)
2.4.2          For chassis with bodywork
2.4.2.5        Rear overhang
2.6            Mass of the vehicle with bodywork in running order, or mass of
               the chassis with cab if the manufacturer does not fit the
               bodywork (including coolant, oils, fuel, tools, spare wheel end
               driver)
2.6.1          Distribu!ioAmd*-tn5d- maBs am5nfa€&ev«xle8nand, in the case of a
               semi-trailer, load on the fifth wheel coupling pin (max. and
               min. for each version):
2.8            Technically permissible maximum      laden mass stated by the
               manufacturer (max. and min. for      each version):
2.8.1          Distribution of this mass among      the axles and, in the case of a
               semi-trailer, load on the fifth      wheel coupling pin (max. and
               min. for each version):
2.9            Technically permissible maximum      mass on each axle and, in the
               case of a semi-trailer, load on      the fifth wheel coupling pin
               stated by the manufacturer:
2.10           Maximum mass of trailer which may be coupled
2.10.1         Full trailer:
2.10.2         Semi-trailer:
2.10.3         Centre-axle trailer:
2.10.3.1       Indicate the maximum ratio of the coupling overhang
                                                                        (q) to the
               wheelbase:
 ---pagebreak---                                   - 78 -
2.10.3.2   Maximum V-value (kN):
2.10.4     Maximum mass of the combination:
2.10.6     Maximum mass of unbraked trailer:
2.11       Maximum vertical load
2.11.1     On the vehicle's coupling point for a trailer:
2.11.2     on the drawbar of a trailer:
9.         BODYWORK
9.1        Type of bodywork:
9.2        Materials used and methods of construction:
11.        CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DRAWING VEHICLES AND TRAILERS AND SEMI-
           TRAILERS
11.1       Class and type of the coupling device(s):
11.2       Maximum D-value:        kN
11.3       Instructions of attachment of the coupling type to the vehicle
           and photographs or drawings of the fixing points at the vehicle
           given by the manufacturer; additional information, if the use of
           the coupling type is restricted to special types of vehicles:
11.4       Information of the fitting of special towing brackets of
           mounting plates
                           I 1 ):
Date, File
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 79 -
                                  ANNEX IX
                                    MODEL
                      (maximum format: A4 (210 X 297))
                       EEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
            Communication concerning the
            - type-approval
            - extension of type-approval
            - refusal of type-approval J
            - withdrawal of type approval
            of a type of a vehicle with regard to Directive
            Type-approval number
            Reason for extension:
            SECTION I
   0.1      Make (trade name of manufacturer):
   0.2      Type and commercial description^) :
   0.3      Means of identification of type if marked on the vehicle _
                                                                    x(3)
   0.3.1    Location of that marking:                                 '
   0.4      Category of vehicle:
   0.5      Name and address of manufacturer:
            SECTION II
   1.       Additional information (where applicable): See
            Appendix I
   2.       Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests:
   3.       Date of test report:
   4.       Number of test report:
   5.       Remarks (if any): See appendix I
   6.       Place:
   7.       Date:
   8.       Signature:
   9.       The index to the information package lodged with the competent
            authority that has granted type approval, which may be obtained
            on request, is attached.
(1)      Delete where not applicable
(2)      In the case of components the EEC type-approval number appearing on
         document shall consist of all sections outlined in Annex VII to
         Directive 70/156/EEC, as last amended by Directive .../...EEC. The
         component itself shall be marked as prescribed in the relevant separ
         Directive.
(3)      If the means of identification of type contains characters not relev
         to describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types
         covered by this information document/type-approval certificate such
         characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol:
 ---pagebreak---                                 - 80 -
                              Appendix I
              to EEC type-approval certificate no
      concerning the type approval of a vehicle with regard to
                         Directive .../...EEC
1.       Additional information
1.1      Vehicle construction, bodywork/chassis:
1.1.1    Materials used:
1.2      Class of the coupling device, EEC type-approval number:
1.3      Use of towing brackets or mounting plates; attachment
         instructions of the coupling type:
1.4      EEC vehicle type approval is extended to the following type(s)
         of coupling device and class(es):
1.5      Maximum mass of the vehicle type T or R
                                                 (1>
         coupling device:                t           fitted with the
1.6      Maximum vertical load S or fifth wheel load U
         vehicle type fitted with the coupling device: .;.9£g£fee
1.7      Maximum V-value of a centre axle trailer:        kN
1.8      Maximum towable mass of the motor vehicle
                                                     <!>:
5.       Remarks:
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                  IMPACT STATEMENT ON COMPETITIVENESS AND JOBS
Proposal for a Council Directive relating to the mechanical coupling devices
of motor vehicles and trailers and their attachment to these vehicles
I. What is the main justification of the measure?
   -     Completion of the EEC type-approval procedure for road vehicles and
         coupling devices
   -     Harmonization of national laws
   -     Improvements to road safety
   -     Interchangeability of motor vehicles and trailers with regard to
         international transport within the Community
II.      Characteristics of the companies involved
   More particularly,
   -     Do they include a large number of SME? - No
   -     Are there any significant regional concentrations? - No
   -     Are they eligible for regional aid from the MS? - No
   -     Are they eligible for aid from the ERDF? - No
III.     What obligations are imposed on those companies?
   Merely the obligation to comply with what the Directive lays down with
    regard to type approval and the manufacture of coupling devices.
IV.      What obligations are likely to be imposed indirectly upon these
         companies via the local authorities?
    No additional obligation
V. Do any special measures apply to SME?
   What are they?
    None
VI.      What is the foreseeable impact on
    -    company productivity?   No foreseeable impact
    -     jobs? No foreseeable impact
VII.     Have both sides of industry been consulted?   Yes
    - Opinion of the two sides of industry: no objections
idl03/KB/DIRECT/imp4226en
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                                                              COM(92) 108 final
                                                     DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                             07
                                Catalogue number: CB-CO-92-120-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-42161-4
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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