CELEX: 51982PC0853
Language: en
Date: 1982-12-20
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION adopting joint research programmes and programmes for coordinating agricultural research (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                  COM(82)853 final
                                                  Brussels - 20 December 1982
                                 Proposal for a
                                COUNCIL DECISION
            adopting joint research programmes and programmes for
                      coordinating agricultural research
                 ( submitted to the Council by the Commission )
                                      y*  * ■ • ■ ,,  -x
                                   /*"■ .                A,
                                         ^           ■"Û
 C0M(82 ) 853 final
 ---pagebreak---                             EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1.         Article 5 of Regulation ( EEC ) N° 1728 / 74 on the co-ordination
of agricultural research provides that specific measures may take the
form of " joint " projects or of " co-ordinated " activities and that these
measures should relate to given research topics or areas .
2.         The Council Decision of 22 July 1975 had provided for the
implementation of four specific measures over a four year period
( 1975-1978) in the fields of : animal leucoses , effluents from intensive
li vestockrearing , beef production , and production of vegetable proteins .
These specific measures had terminated on 31 December 197 8.
3.         The Council Decision of 30 October 1978 had provided for
implementation over a five year period ( 1979-1983 ) of ten specific
measures concerning respectively :
- Land use and rural development
- Mediterranean agriculture
- Agricultural waste and effluents of intensive livestock rearing
- Animal pathology
-   Beef improvement
-   Integrated and biological pest control
-   Plant résistance to disease and envi ronmental pressure
-   Primary processing of agricultural products
- Elm disease
- Production of vegetable proteins .
           These specific measures will terminate on 31 December 1983 .
4.         The Commission is submitting to the Council the attached proposal
of further specific measures to be carried over the five-year period
beginning on 1 January 1984 and ending on 31 December 1988 . In preparing
the attached proposal ( 1 ), the Commission based itself on :
- the need for continuing certain activities , initiated under the current
    Programme ( 1979-1983 ), while discontinuing others ;
- the changing priorities of the common agricultural policy and of the
    European agriculture generally , as well as on the challenge offered
    to exploit the latest developments in science and technology , especially
    in the fields of biotechnology and genetics ;
- the experience gained in the operation of the current five year Programme ;
    and
- the advice of the Standing Committee on Agricultural Research , whose
    members are responsible for planning agricultural research in the
    Member states .
( 1 ) See Annex I and II .
 ---pagebreak---  5.     The framework programme for Community scientific and technical activities
 gives a particular emphasis to the policy option "promoting agricultural
 competitiveness ", and proposes a reinforcement of the R,D & D activities in
 this field . These activities facilitate the attainment of the objectives of
 the Common Agricultural Policy arid contribute towards its efficiency and
 effectiveness . In addition they have important indirect implications for the
 Community 's other key policies in the fields of : regional development ,
 environment , rural employment , competition , consumer problems , relations with
 the Third World and other developed regions .
 The themes for the agricultural research programme presented are all part of the
 objective " Promotion of agricultural competition" in the frame programme .
 Research programmes already in existence contribute , at least in respect of
 certain aspects , to the realisation of this objective . In particular this is
 the case with the programmes on " Environment ", " Raw materials-wood ", " New
 energy sources ", " Biomolecular Engineering ". Further actions aiming to improve
 returns for agricultural products , including forestry , will be initiated in
 1983 as part of the use to which the Commission budget is put . These actions
 will also be part , at the same time as the current agricultural research
 programme and the programmes referred to above , of the realisation of the
 aim " Promotion of agricultural competition ".
 In presenting this agricultural research programme , the Commission underlines ,
 in fine and in conformity with the frame programme , that it might be allowed
 to propose , to the Council , a supplementary research programme for agriculture .
 6.     At the moment , European agriculture and the common agricultural policy in
 particular are being faced with increasingly complex problems originating in
 general economic stagnation , inflation - since 1975- rising unemployment , energy
 crisis , escalating production costs , declining agricultural incomes , and
 widening resource and income gaps in production . As a result , after twenty years
 of existence , and given the need for greater efficiency at a time when agriculture
 has to be made ready to take up the major challenge facing it , the common agricul­
 tural policy finds itself in need of adaptation to the new realities along the
 recently formulated guidelines ( 1 ) and European Parliament proposals . There is
 no doubt that agricultural research , properly integrated with the marketing and
 investment instrument of the common agricultural policy , has a vital role to play
 in any re-orientation of that policy . Moreover , the Council of Ministers ( Research )
 has singled out agriculture as a priority item , noting that appropriations allotted
 in that field are very limited .
 7.     The experience with the current Programme ( 1979-1983 ) has demonstrated
 that by bringing together the considerable resources of scientific knowledge
 within the Community , and by stimulating research in subject areas where
 knowledge is needed , it is possible to enhance the medium and longer-term
 objectives of the common agricultural policy in terms of increased farm
productivity ; to assure fair standard of living for farmers ; stable markets ;
 and reasonable food prices and quality . In addition , it is possible to achieve
 a speedier exchange of experience and standardization of methodology than otherwise
 would have been possible ; and to harmonize research procedures in Member states .
 In several instances , the Programme has provided , and is continuing to work to
 provide , a sound scientific base for Community legislation on , for example ,
production systems in relation to human health , consumer tastes , and animal
 welfare in so far as these are affected by modern food production systems .
 Scientific publications ( proceedings ) published as a result of numerous meetings
 organized annually , and of numerous contracts financed under the Programme
 represent a significant contribution to agricultural knowledge and practice in
 a number of fields .
( 1 ) Guidelines for European Agriculture, C0M(81)608 final, 23 October 1981
 ---pagebreak--- 8.           The experience with the current Programme has also shown that by limiting
 the number of identifiable research programmes and by grouping together certain
activities at present carried out separately , as well as by relating more
 carefully different activities to the main policy themes and to one other , it
 should be possible to establish priorities and links among different activities
more clearly than in the past , to simplify the structure of the overall Programme ,
and to minimize potential duplication among its different components .
9.           It is proposed that the forthcoming five-year Programme should be concentrated
on closely inter-linked activities , grouped around three major policy themes ,
concerned with :
( a ) conservation and utilization of Europe 's natural resources of land , water ,
       climate , and human resources , related to the vital question of energy in
       agriculture , including possibilities of direct and indirect energy savings ,
       as well as of energy production by the agricultural sector ;
( b ) the increasingly serious structural problems of the European agriculture ,
       concerning regional disparities in agricultural incomes and development ,
       especially as between the Mediterranean region and the rest of the EEC countries
       and
( c ) the continuing need for improvements in efficiency of European agriculture ,
       lower per unit costs of production , better quality of both plant and animal
       products to be achieved through improvements in breeding , feeding , health ,
       and management practices as a means of support for Europe 's farmers and for
       Europe 's competitive position in world agriculture .
10 .         Within this general framework , the forthcoming five-year Programme should
comprise the following six , related , interdependent and mutually supporting
research programmes , namely :
( a ) Utilization and Conservation of Agricultural Resources
       ( 1 ) Energy in Agriculture
       ( 2 ) Land and Water Use and Management
( b ) Structural Problems
       ( 3 ) Regional Problems ; with special reference to the Mediterranean agriculture
       ( 4 ) Agro-food problems
( c ) Improvement of Plant and Animal Productivity
       ( 5 ) Animal Husbandry
       ( 6 ) Plant Productivity
11 .         In implementing these six programmes , the Commission will continue to rely
on two main methods of financial intervention , i.e. :
(i)        " co-ordinated" activities which bring research people together ; and
( ii )     " common " activities , which at least in part finance research projects in
           Member states with Commission funds .
12 .         In addition to supporting " common " activities in selected laboratories
and institutes by funding contracts , there is a need to exploit the results of
research by financing schemes aimed at demonstrating new ideas which are
potentially ripe for farmers . Consequently , while retaining the traditional
method of financial support for applied research at the laboratory level ,
it is the intention of the Commission to introduce a new types of activity .
This could take the form of field experiments and applications , especially
in those areas of the Community where this new type of intervention can re-inforce
 ---pagebreak---   the existing mechanisms for bringing science within the reach of
  agricultural practice .
  13 .     Equally , past experience suggests that in addition to the
  accepted pattern of " co-ordinated " activities ( e.g. seminars , workshops ,
  exchanges of scientists and publications ), there is a recognized need
  for the Commission to increasingly avail itself of high level technical
  expertise and scientific advice , including socio-economic expertise .
  This is necessary for keeping abreast of major scientific and techno­
  logical advances in various fields , for reviewing the ongoing activities ,
  and for evaluating their cost / benefit . Consequently , it is proposed ,
  in the future to spend a larger share of the " co-ordinated " budget
  for securing the necessary technical expertise .
  14 .       Annex I sets out in respect of each of the six research
  programmes to be implemented in the course of the next five-year
  Programme ( 1984-1988) the outline of their content and objectives .
  The Commission has drawn up these outlines in closest co-operation
  with the Standing Committee on Agricultural Research .
  15 .      To implement the present Proposal for the 1984-1988 five-
  year Programme , the Commission proposes the budget of 65 HECU allowing
  for new activities in the fields of biomass , energy savings , selected
  marketing aspects ( 1 ), and pilot projects , and doubling in real terms
  the budget of the current ( 1979-1983 ) Programme of 19.7 MECU . The
  latter figure represented the same level of spending as in the first
  Programme of 1975-1978 ( 3.7 MECUp.a .), in spite of increased costs
  and doubled activities since 1975 . The proposed figure of 65 MECU,.
  while bringing the Community agricultural research spending to some
  2 per cent of the total research and development (R and D ) budget ,
  would leave it still the smallest percentage among the five research
  areas ( along with energy , raw materials , environment , and certain
  industrial aspects ), singled out as priorities by the Council of
  Mi ni sters .
  16 .        Annex II sets out the financial details of the Proposal .
■ 17 .        It is further proposed that the Council adopt , in accordance
  with Article 5 of Regulation ( EEC ) N° 1728 / 74 of 27 June 1974 , the
  attached Decision before the end of 1982 .
  ( 1 ) The three fields whose importance was underlined in the Memorandum
        on the Mandate of 30 May 1980 ( C0M(81 ) 608 ) .
 ---pagebreak---                          PROPOSAL FOR A
                        COUNCIL DECISION
adopting joint research programmes and programmes for coordinating agricultural
research .
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community , and
in particular Article 43 thereof­
                                                          (1 )
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission              ,
                                                                 (2)
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament              ,
Whereas Council Regulation ( EEC ) n° 1728 / 74 of 27 June 1974 on the coordination
of agricultural research ^ provides for coordination at Community level of
national agricultural research projects , in order to contribute towards attaining
the objectives of the common agricultural policy ;
Whereas Article 5 of Regulat ion ( EEC ) Mo 1720 / 74 provides that the Counci I is to decide
upon specific measures for the coordination of research activities so as to allow
rational organization of means employed , efficient use of results and the
orientation of such work towards the aims of the common agricultural policy , as
well as for implementation of joint projects designed to second or supplement
work undertaken in the Member States in fields which are of particular importance
to the Community ;
Whereas one of the major problems facing agricultural research in the years to
come will be confining the rapidly escalating costs of agricultural inputs by
inter alia developing new production , processing , and conservation techniques
aimed at direct and indirect savings of traditional energy sources , and at
energy production within the agricultural sector itself ;
Whereas efforts must continue to ensure the most rational pattern of utilization
of the limited natural resources of land , water , climate , and manpower
                                                                                      ./..
( 1 ) OJ N° C
( 2 ) OJ N° C
( 3 ) OJ L 182 of 5.7.1974 , page 1
 ---pagebreak---                              - 2 -
engaged in agricultural production in the Community , with particular reference
to resource evaluation , soil erosion and degradation , water control , and
 resource management systems ;
Whereas numerous areas in the Community are lagging behind others in development ,
thus accentuating already sharp regional contrasts in economic growth , income
and employment opportunities , especially as between the Mediterranean region and
the EEC , as well as in certain other disadvantaged areas ;     whereas research
must play its part in finding solutions to these increasingly serious ,
structural problems of growing regional disparities ;
Whereas concern to improve the quality of all food products is increasing and
research is needed to elaborate and clarify some of the important problems
involved , including not only important aspects of hygiene and residues but also
the less tangible questions of consumer tastes and preferences for foods
produced under intensive and extensive systems , as well as the marketing and
trade aspects associated with end product quality ; and whereas the pressure of
supplies in a number of food products justifies major research effort to locate
new outlets for such products ;
Whereas animal production , in particular meat production is currently a
relatively   inefficient sector of agriculture in the European Community , despite
the considerable national research efforts devoted to beef and vea I , pigmeat and sheep-
meat ; whereas measures must be taken to remove as far as possible obstacles
to productive efficiency , including in particular reproductive performance in
all farm livestock , losses due to diseases , and human health hazards resulting
from contact with animal products contamined by animal pathogens infections for
man and other residues ;       whereas increasing attention must be focussed on the
adverse effects which some systems of animal husbandry might have on animal
welfare ;
Whereas future research in the field of major crops must be able to meet the
twin challenge of the continuing need for advances in productive efficiency ,
without creating surpluses , through improvements in yields of the existing
varieties , creation of new varieties , e.g. through the application of genetic
engineering , in tillage practices , and control of pest and plant diseases , and
of the growing protein deficit at the European level , while production of
certain existing surplus products could be usefully replaced by the cultivation
of deficit crops and products with       currently unexploited potential , such
as grass and forage crops , protein and oilseed crops , and special purpose crops ;
 ---pagebreak---                               - 3 -
Whereas the framework programme for science and technology activities gives
   particular emphasis to the promotion of agricultural competitiveness and
proposes to give greater priority to this area ,
HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS    :
                              Article 1
1 . The common research programmes and the programmes to co-ordinate research
    concerning     conservation and utilization of agricultural resources ,
    structural problems     and improvement of plant and animal producti vity , as
    specified in Annex 1, are hereby adopted .
2 . The programmes shall run for five years from 1 January 1984 .
    The total resources necessary for the duration of the programme is
    estimated at (               ECU ). The figures are given merely by way of
    indi cation .
    The annual appropriations shall be fixed in accordance with the budget
    procedure .
                              Article 2
Detailed rules for the application of this Decision concerning in particular
the scientific priorities to be observed in the framework of common and
co-ordinated programmes , the criteria for selecting the research centres and
institutes invited to collaborate in implementing the specific measures and the
guidance of programmes while they are being carried out      shall be adopted in
accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 8 of Regulation ( EEC )
N° 1728 / 74 .
The annual breakdown and financial management of the appropriations for the
various     programmes shall be decided in accordance with the same procedure .
 ---pagebreak---                            Article 3
The Commission shall ensure .     implementation of the co-ordination programmes
by organizing seminars , conferences , study visits , exchanges of research workers
and scientific working meetings and by collecting , analyzing and publishing the
results as well as by increasingly availing itself of outside high-level
experts such as consultants , scientific and economic advisers , and technical
experts .
The Commission shall implement the common research programmes by concluding
research contracts with research centres and institutes taking part in the
specific measures .
The Commission may , by means of ad hoc contracts , finance measures aimed at
testing and applying the results of the research in the field .
                           Article 4
On 1 July 1986 and , after conclusion of the programmes , not later than
31 July 1989 the Commission shall report to the European Parliament and the
Council on the results of the activities carried out under the programmes
covered by this Decision and on the use of the funds allocated for these
measures .
Done at Brussels ,                            For the Council ,
                                              The President
 ---pagebreak---                            ANNEX I
                    SPECIFIC MEASURES
UTILISATION AND CONSERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
1 . ENERGY IN AGRICULTURE
       The programme will study economies which can be effected in
the energy intensive sectors of agriculture . Also , it envisages
the possibility of producing and exploiting biomass and agricultural
by-products profitable for energy .
       There are three parts :
( a ) Indi rect_economy_of energy_- Fertilizers and plant protection materials
      - Optimising the use of fertilizers ( mainly nitrogen ), biological
        nitrogen fixation organic fertilizers and photosynthesis
      - Integrated plant protection
( b ) Di rect_economy_of energy_- Oil use
      - Cultural practices , working methods and matching machines to
         the needs of the job .
      - Making maximum use of energy , in particular solar energy , for
         protected ( glasshouse ) crops and for crop drying , etc ...
( c ) Product ion_of energy_
      - The use of crops of economic and industrial interest to produce
         energy from biomass
      - More efficient use of crop by-products
      - The socio-economic effects of those crops on the CAP , and the
         implications for structures , markets and the environment .
2 . LAND AND WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT
       Improved use and conservation of the natural resources of land
and water within the Community are the objectives of this programme .
Soil degradation , effects of management systems on fertility and
the evaluation of land production potential will be considered in
conjunction with their effects on energy balance , the environment
and socio-economic implications .
       There are 4 sub-divisions :
( a ) Degradation and fertility
      - Soil erosion, ( in particular , the effect of reafforestation ), loss
         of nutrients ( Leaching, oxidation and deni tri fi cation )
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                    2.
            - Adverse factors such as soil compaction , poor soil structure ,
               the misuse of machinery , methods and cropping systems , etc ...
            - Soil microbiological activity .
      ( b ) Control and mana2ement _ of water i_n_agri_culture _
            - Control of excesses , or deficits of water , environmental and
               economic effects of modifications .
      ( c ) Management Systems
            - Optimal utilisation of land and water resources for the production
               of food and energy crops
            - Comparison of low input farming systems with conventional intensive
               ones .
      ( d ) Land_sui tabi U t y_and_resource evaluation _
            - Production potential maps for the principal crops of the EEC
            - Computeri sation of land-use data
            - Potential uses of remote sensing
II .  STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
     /). MEDITERRANEAN AGRICULTURE
              The objective of the programme is to reduce the economic and
     social disparities that exist between the Mediterranean area and the
     more advanced parts of the Communities . It is hoped to improve its
     agriculture through advanced economic and technical developments
     similar to those in the Northern parts .
              The priorities which are specific to the Mediterranean region are as
     follows      :
      ( a ) To remedy deficiencies such as stock farming in marginal zones ( the
             use of forests as grazing land , to help prevent fires ); forests
             for quick yields ( poplar , Douglas fir ...), tobacco , nuts ( dry
             fruits ), plant protein , cereals , seed production , etc ...)
            Attention will also be given to solving problems of surplus
            production , e.g. wine , and encouraging production of medicinal ,
            aromatic and other interesting crops .
      ( b ) Attention will be focussed on the technical developments needed
            for protected cropping , out - of - season crops , irrigation , improvement
            of calcareous soils , diseases of plants and animals , systems of production ,
            and farm structures which allow the most effective use of the results .
            Improving the techniques of production only will not solve existing
            problems in many cases . It will , therefore , be necessary to
            associate research with demonstration and application of its
            results in the field .
     2 . OTHER REGIONS
               Other Community regions may feature economic and social imbalances
     similar to those of the Mediterranean ( French overseas departments , West
     of Ireland ).
                                                                              ••/■•
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        3.
3 . AGRO-FOOD
            Improvement of the quality of agricultural products is the
main aim of this programme , which is basically oriented towards human
consumpti on . The methods of production and processing will be examined .
While some qualitative aspects , like hygiene , residues , etc ...
are easy to define and measure , others , e.g. flavours , are more
elusive and difficult to control .
         There will be the following sub-divisions :
 ( a ) A study of the relationship between the production system and quality ,
       with particular reference to a comparison between intensive and extensive
       methods
       - the impact of such practices as use of mineral fertilizers , organic
         farming , plant protection methods , etc ... will be measured
 ( b ) Problems concerning marketing , hygiene , levels of residues will
       be studied , especially
       - the importance of hormones , antibiotics , pesticides , heavy
         meta Is ,
       - to develop methods for the objective evaluation of quality
( c ) Markets and marketing in relation to end-product quality and the
       preoccupations of consumers
( d ) New products and new techniques of utilization of agricultural
       products will be investigated .
III . IMPROVEMENT OF ANIMAL AND PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
1 .   ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
           The objective of the  programme is to examine the actual
constraints on efficiency of     production such as losses through
diseases ( including possible    new diseases ), conditions of animal
rearing ( including transport    and slaughter ) and the rate of
reproduction of all domestic     animals .
 ---pagebreak---                                                                        4.
           There are three specific parts :
( a ) Ammal_Heaj.th
      - Strategic research on important diseases
      - Immune mechanisms and disease protection
      - Development and harmoni sation of diagnostic methods
      - Occurrence and economics of disease control
( b ) Anima l_Welfare _
      - Social and physical space requirements
      - Disturbed behaviour and stress
      - Transport of farm animals
      - Alternative production systems
( c ) Livestock groducti vi ty_and_management
      -  Reproduction in cattle , pigs and sheep
      "  Study of the physiology of reproduction
      "  Rumen function and feeding standards
      ~  Live body composition
      -  Improvement of biological and economic efficiency
2 . PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
           The aim of this programme is increased returns to the farmer ,
through improving his productivity by more rational use of inputs .
The programme will devote particular attention to production that
are in short supply within the Community , e.g. plant protein for
animal feed , etc ...
           There are three sub-divisions :
( a ) continued plant breeding for improved disease resistance , better
      quality products and stability of yields ,
( b ) optimising agronomic methods and techniques from the point of
      view of physiological needs of plants ,
( c ) the use of modern methods of biotechnology and tissue culture
      for crop plant propagation .
           Particular attention will be given to forage crops , to crops
deficit in the Community , crops of particular regional interest ,
and crops that can be used to produce alternative sources of energy ,
in line with the emphasis laid by the European Parliament on
strengthening research in the field of plant proteins ( 1 ).
                                                                   mm/mm
( 1 ) European Parliament : Doc . 1-550 / 125 of 7 October 1981 ; Proposal
      to amend the Community Budget for 1982 by the Commission on
      Agri culture .
 ---pagebreak---                                                     ANNEX II
                FINANCIAL             STATEMENT
                                                                              Date :     24.11.82
  1 . BUDGET HEADING : 3841                                                  APPROPRIATIONS : Budget 1983
                                                                                               5.55ΫΛΪΠ ΡΠΙ
 2. TITLE : Proposal for a council decision adopting joint research programmes and
      programmes for coordinating agricultural research
 3 . LEGAL BASIS : Article 43 EEC Treaty
 I. AIMS OF PROJECT : NEW quinquennial agricultural research programme concerning :
      1 . Utilization and consevation of agricultural resources
     2 . Structural problems.
     3 . Improvement of plant and animal productivity
                                          PERIOD OF 12 MONTHS
 5 . FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS                                      CURRENT F     AL YEAR
                                                                                           FOLLOWING FINANCIAL YEAR
 '"BBS!...-..                              Quinquennial
                                           Programme 1984
       fluuBMiaa&flBaiifl
                                           1988
       ■ asm                               65 MECU
"OSI»...*»...
                   Commitment approp nation                                                          15 MECU
                                               1985 ....    . . Λ 926      · ■ · . ·1 987* .....        ·1·9ΛΛ · · ■
MàiûB£«É£&êââ&ation                               15               15                  15                    5
Bseisemiittfltsisfiea
                                                  12               13                  lá                   1S
5.2 METHOD OF CALCULATION
                               SEE ANNEX
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62 iiiiiiHinHKimnNnnni»                                                                                        «MU
6.3 WILL FUTURE BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS BE NECESSARY ? 19g4_19gg                                                  YES /lfl
OBSERVATIONS
 ---pagebreak---       The total finance of 65 MECU and the estimated financial
allocations to the different parts of the programme have been
partitioned in view of the needs of the future research and
based on the experience acquired in implementing previous
research programmes .
      The finance allocated to the budget heading 3841 to carry
out the programme from 1984 to 1988 will be dissociated with a
distinction between commitment appropriation and payment
appropriation .
      The finance will be partitioned to the different parts of the
programme as indicated in the attached table . Uti lization and
conservation of agricultural resources will receive 40 % of the
budget and 30 % to each of the other main blocks namely
Structural problems and Improvement of plant and animal productivity .
      The estimated annual expenditure is fixed as follows :
                      Commitment appropriations Payment appropriations
                              MECU                        MECU
              1984              15                          11
              1985              15                          12
              1986              15                          13
              1987              15                          14
              1988               5                          15
      The mean annual increase in the finance allocated ,   8 X,
will allow for increasing costs including salaires .
      The execution of this research programme will be partly by
common actions , approximately 75 X of the total financial allocation ,
and partly by coordinated actions .
 ---pagebreak---                                                              ANNEX II
                            ESTIMATED BREAKDOWN OF APPROPRIATIONS BY POLICY THEMES AND RESEARCH PROGRAMMES
                                             FOR THE FIVE YEAR PERIOD 1984-1988      ECU (*)
       Policy themes and                  1984          1985          1986         1987           1988
                                                                                                              Total          Total
      Research programmes                                                                                  per programme   per theme
POLICY THEME I
Utilization and conservation of
agricultural resources                 4.400.000     4.800.000      5.200.000     5.600.000     6.000.000                26.000.000
1 . Energy in agriculture              2.800.000     3.000.000      3.200.000     3.400.000     3.600.000    16.000.000
2 . Land and water use and
                                       1.600.000     1.800.000      2.000.000     2.200.000     2.400.000    10.000.000
    mgnigemgoi
                                                                                                                         η Β3Π1333ΊΊΜ(
POLICY THEME II
                                       3.300.000     3.600.000      3.900.000     4.200.000     4.500.000       -
                                                                                                                         19.500.000
3.   Mediterranean
         agri culture                  2.800.000     3.000.000      3.200.000     3.400.000     3.600.000    16.000.000              f
4 . Agro-food                            500.000       600.000        700.000       800.000       900.000     3.500.000
POLICY THEME III
Improvement of plant and animal        3.300.000     3.600.000      3.900.000     4.200.000     4.500.000       -
                                                                                                                         19.500.000
productivity
5 . Animal husbandry                   2.200.000     2.400.000      2.600.000     2.800.000     3.000.000    13.000.000                :
6 . Plant productivity                 1.100.000     1.200.000      1.300.000     1.400.000     1.500.000     6.500.000
                 TOTAL                11.000.000    12.000.000     13.000.000    14.000.000    15.000.000                65.000.000
            (*) June 1982 .