CELEX: 51997PC0195
Language: en
Date: 1997-05-28
Title: Proposal for a Council Directive adapting to technical and scientific progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                             Brussels, 28.05.1997
                                             COM(97) 195 final
                               Proposal for a
                          COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
                     adapting to technical and scientific
progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of
                            wild fauna and flora
                       (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                               EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Subject:         Proposal for a Council Directive (EC) adapting to technical and scientific
                  progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of
                 wild fauna and flora
1.   Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and
     of wild fauna and flora (the "Habitats Directive") provides for the creation, in several
     stages, of a network of protected natural habitats called Natura 2000.
2.   Under the terms of Article 2(2) of Directive 92/43/EEC, measures taken pursuant to the
     Directive must be designed to maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status,
     natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of Community interest.
3.   Pursuant to Article 4 of Directive 92/43/EEC, each Member State is required, on the basis
     of the criteria set out in Annex III (Stage 1) and relevant scientific information, to propose
     a list of sites indicating which natural habitat types in Annex I and which species in Annex
     II that are native to its territory the sites host.
4.   Annexes I and II to Directive 92/43/EEC may be amended in accordance with the first
     paragraph of Article 19. The amendments necessary for adaptation to technical and
     scientific progress must be adopted by the Council acting by qualified majority on a
     proposal from the Commission.
5.   When Austria, Finland and Sweden acceded to the Union, Annexes I and II were amended
     (OJNo LI, 1.1.1995, p. 135).
6.   However, several Member States and the Scientific Working Group set up by the
     "Habitats" Committee (established by the Directive) wanted Annexes I and II to Directive
     92/43/EEC to be adapted to technical and scientific progress. Adaptation was requested
     to cover:
     -       the description of the habitat types of Community interest in the Boreal region to
             better define the additions made to the original lists when Sweden and Finland
             acceded.
     -        the scientific nomenclature of several species, which has changed since the original
             annexes were drawn up.
     All up-to-date scientific information on natural habitat types and the relevant species of
     Community interest indicates that it is necessary to adapt Annexes I and II.
     As regards Annex I, the process of updating the classification of European habitats,
     carried out on the basis of the Corine biotopes project, 1 led to the production of an
     Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. This Manual includes the new Natura
     2000 codes which identify each natural habitat type. The first EUR 12 version of the
     Manual was published by the Commission in April 1995 and contained updated
     information for twelve Member States. A second EUR 15 version was published in April
      1996, incorporating the new priority habitats of Community interest which were added
     when the three new Member States acceded.
i  Corine biotopes - Technical Handbook, Volume 1, pp. 73-109; Corine/Biotopes/89-2.2, 19 May 1988,
   partially updated 14 February 1989.
 ---pagebreak--- 7.   At the "Habitats" Committee meeting of 13 September 1996, Member States' delegates
     unanimously approved the following amendments:
*    Annex I:
-    to replace the reference to Corine biotopes for classifying habitat types with a reference to
     the new Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats, EUR 15 version of April
     1996;
-    to replace the 1989 Corine code with the Natura 2000 code, now the standard scientific
     reference;
-    to describe new types of Boreal habitats, including seven priority habitats, in line with the
     opinion of the Scientific Working Group of the Habitats Committee.
-    to remove the habitat sub-types (e.g. "grey dunes") which are now described in the
     Interpretation Manual, EUR 15 version;
-    to take account of the recent scientific identification of the habitat type Turloughs outside
     Ireland; to therefore delete the word "(Ireland)" from the habitat type "Turloughs
     (Ireland)";
-    to reclassify the habitat "*Taxus baccata woods" in keeping with scientific advice so that
     formations in the British Isles will be placed in the sub-category "Forests of temperate
     Europe" rather than "Mediterranean mountainous forests";
-    to replace a number of titles causing habitat types to be confused by more explicit titles
     from the Interpretation Manual, EUR 15 version;
-    to replace the common names of species under each title by their Latin names, so as to
     conform to scientific usage.
*    Annex II:
-    to adapt the names of species not correctly identified when the Annexes were drawn up, to
     the taxonomy and nomenclature currently in force in the scientific community;
-    to add certain Nordic species identified jointly by scientists in Sweden and Finland.
Member States are not expected to experience any additional difficulty in complying with the
amendments to this Directive.
8.     In conformity with the principle of subsidiarity and with the principle of proportionality
       it turns out to be necessary that the present proposal is carried out at the Community
       level because it concerns the simple adaptation to technical and scientific progress of a
       basic act which emanates from the Community.
                                               ***
The Commission proposes to the Council to adopt the attached proposal for a Council Directive.
 ---pagebreak---       Proposal for a Council Directive (EC) adapting to technical and scientific
    progress Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of
                                     wild fauna and flora
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of
natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora,1 and in particular the first paragraph of
Article 19 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Whereas certain natural habitat types and species in Annexes I and II to Directive
92/43/EEC should be adapted to technical and scientific progress;
Whereas the Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats (EUR 15 version of April
1996) includes the new Natura 2000 codes which identify each natural habitat type;
whereas the reference to the Corine code in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC should be
replaced by a reference to the Natura 2000 code;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
                                             Article 1
Annexes I and II to Directive 92/43/EEC shall be replaced by the text in the Annex to
this Directive.
1
    OJ No L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7, amended by the Act of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden.
 ---pagebreak---                                           Arttekl
Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions
necessary to comply with this Directive by 31 December 1997. They shall forthwith
inform the Commission thereof.
The provisions adopted pursuant to this paragraph shall contain a reference to this
Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the time of their official
publication. The procedure for such reference shall be adopted by the Member States.
                                          Article 3
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication
in the Official Journal of the European Communities.
                                          Article 4
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at...,...
                                                      For the Council
                                                      The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                    ANNEX
                                                  "ANNEX I
                          NATURAL HABITAT TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST
  WHOSE CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF CONSERVATION
                                                 Interpretation
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the 'Interpretation Manual of European
Union Habitats' as approved by the committee set up in Article 20 ('Habitats Committee') and
published by the European Commission1.
The code corresponds to the NATURA 2000 code.
The sign '*' indicates priority habitat types.
                        1. COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS
11. Open sea and tidal areas
1110              Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time
1120              • * Posidonia beds (Posidonion oceanicaé)
1130              Estuaries
1140              Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1150               * Coastal lagoons
1160              Large shallow inlets and bays
1170              Reefs
1180              Submarine structures made by leaking gases
12. Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches
1210              Annual vegetation of drift lines
1220              Perennial vegetation of stony banks
1230              Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
1240              Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
1250              Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
13. Atlantic and continental salt marshes and salt meadows
1310              Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
1320              Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimi)
1330              Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)
1340               * Inland salt meadows
14. Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic salt marshes and salt meadows
1410               Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
1420               Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocorneteajruticosi)
1430               Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoleted)
1
  "Interpretation manual of European Union habitats, version EUR 15" adopted by the Habitats Committee on 25 April
1996, European Commission, DGXI.
 ---pagebreak--- 15. Salt and gypsum inland steppes
1510         * Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia)
1520         * Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalid)
1530         * Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
16. Boreal Baltic archipelago, coastal and landupheaval areas
1610        Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral
            vegetation
1620        Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
1630         * Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
1640        Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
1650        Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
                                                   f
 ---pagebreak---               2. COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES
21. Sea dunes of the Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic coasts
2110        Embryonic shifting dunes
2120        Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ('white dunes')
2130        * Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ('grey dunes')
2140        * Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
2150        * Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes {Calluno-Ulicetea)
2160        Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
2170        Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)i
2180        Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
2190        Humid dune slacks
21A0        Machairs (* in Ireland)
22. Sea dunes of the Mediterranean coast
2210        Crucianellion maritimaefixedbeach dunes
2220        Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
2230        Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
2240        Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250        * Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260        Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
2270        * Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinuspinaster
23. Inland dunes, old and decalcified
2310        Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
2320        Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
2330        Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
2340        * Pannonic inland dunes
                                          t
 ---pagebreak---                              3. FRESHWATER HABITATS
31. Standing water
3110        Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains
           (Littorelletalia uniflorae)
3120       Oligothrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West
           Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
3130       Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea
           uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140        Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
3150       Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type vegetation
3160       Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
3170        * Mediterranean temporary ponds
3180        *Turloughs
32. Running water - sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics
                          (minor, average and major beds) where the water quality shows no
                          significant deterioration
3210        Fennoscandian natural rivers
3220        Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
3230        Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
3240        Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
3250        Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
3260        Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and
            Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
3270        Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
3280        Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and
            hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
3290        Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
 ---pagebreak---                       4. TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB
4010       Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
4020        * Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
4030       European dry heaths
4040        * Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
4050        * Endemic macaronesian heaths
4060       Alpine and Boreal heaths
4070        * Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum
           hirsuti)
4080        Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub
4090       Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
               5. SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL)
51. Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub
5110       Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes
           (Berberidion p.p.)
5120       Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
5130       Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
5140       * Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
52. Mediterranean arborescent matorral
5210       Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5220       * Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
5230       * Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
53. Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-steppe brush
5310       Laurus nobilis thickets
5320       Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
5330       Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
54. Phrygana
5410       West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae)
5420       Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
5430       Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio- Verbascion
                                           10
 ---pagebreak---       6. N A T U R A L A N D S E M I - N A T U R A L G R A S S L A N D F O R M A T I O N S
61. Natural grasslands
6110           * Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
6120           * Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
6130           Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
6140         . Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
6150           Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
6160           Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
6170           Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
6180           Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
62. Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland faciès
6210           Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-
               Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)
6220           * Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6230           * Species-rich Nordus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and
               submountain areas in Continental Europe)
6240           * Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
6250           * Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
6260           * Pannonic sand steppes
6270           * Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
6280           * Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
63. Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas)
6310           Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
64. Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows
6410           Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-ladensoils (Molinion caeruleae)
6420           Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
6430          Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
6440          Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450          Northern boreal alluvial meadows
65. Mesophile grasslands
6510          Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
6520          Mountain hay meadows
6530          * Fennoscandian wooded meadows
                                                     <\
 ---pagebreak---                     7. RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS
71. Sphagnum acid bogs
7110        * Active raised bogs
7120        Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
7130        Blanket bogs (* if active bog)
7140        Transition mires and quaking bogs
7150        Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
7160        Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
72. Calcareous fens
7210        * Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
7220        * Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)
7230        Alkaline fens
7240        * Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
73. Boreal mires
7310        * Aapa mires
7320        * Palsa mires
                         8. ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES
81. Scree
8110        Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and
            Galeopsietalia ladani)
8120        Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea
            rotundifolii)
8130        Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
8140        Eastern Mediterranean screes
8150        Medio-European upland siliceous screes
8160        * Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
82. Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8210        Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8220        Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8230        Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the
            Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
8240        * Limestone pavements
83. Other rocky habitats
8310        Caves not open to the public
8320        Fields of lava and natural excavations
8330        Submerged or partially submerged sea caves
8340        Permanent glaciers
                                              U
 ---pagebreak---                                            9. FORESTS
(Sub)natural woodland vegetation comprising native species forming forests of tall trees, with
typical undergrowth, and meeting the following criteria: rare or residual, and/or hosting
species of Community interest
90. Forests of Boreal Europe
9010          * Western Taïga
9020          * Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus,
              Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus)richin epiphytes
9030          * Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
9040         Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Bêtula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
9050         Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
9060         Coniferous forests on, or connected to,-glaciofluvial eskers
9070         Fennoscandian wooded pastures
9080         * Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91. Forests of Temperate Europe
9110         Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
9120         Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the
             shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Hici-Fagenion)
9130         Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
9140         Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
9150         Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
9160         Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
9170         Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
9180          * Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
9190         Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
91A0         Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
91B0         Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
91 CO         * Caledonian forest
91D0         * Bog woodland
91E0          * Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion
             incanae, Salicion albae)
91F0         Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus
             excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the greatrivers(Ulmenion minoris)
91 GO         * Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
91 HO         * Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
9110         * Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
91 JO         * Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
92. Mediterranean deciduous forests
9210         * Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
9220         * Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
9230         Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
9240         Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
9250         Quercus trojana woods
9260         Castanea sativa woods
9270         Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
                                                     <1
 ---pagebreak--- 9280        Quercusfrainettowoods
9290        Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression)
92A0       Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
92B0        Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron
           ponticum, Salix and others
92C0       Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis)
92D0        Southernripariangalleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion
            tinctoriae)
93. Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests
9310       Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
9320        Olea and Ceratonia forests
9330        Quercus suber forests
9340        Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
9350        Quercus macrolepis forests
9360        * Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)
9370        * Palm groves of Phoenix
9380       Forests of Hex aquifolium
94. Temperate mountainous coniferous forests
9410       Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
9420       Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
9430       Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests (* if oh gypsum or limestone)
95. Mediterranean and Macaronesian mountainous coniferous forests
9510       * Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
9520       Abies pinsapo forests
9530       * (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
9540       Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
9550       Canarian endemic pine forests
9560       * Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
9570       * Tetraclinis articulata forests
9580       * Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
                                        n
 ---pagebreak---                                            ANNEX II
        ANIMAL AND PLANT SPECIES OF COMMUNITY INTEREST WHOSE
     CONSERVATION REQUIRES THE DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS OF
                                       CONSERVATION
                                          Interpretation
(a)   Annex II follows on from Annex I for the establishment of a consistent network of special
      areas of conservation.
(b)   The species listed in this Annex are indicated :
              by the name of the species or subspecies, or
              by the all the species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that
              taxon.
      The abbreviation 'spp.' after the name of a family or genus designates all the species
      belonging to that family or genus.
(c)  Symbols
      An asterisk (*) before the name of a species indicates that it is a priority species.
      Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV.
      Where a species appears in this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V,
      the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this
      Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex IV, its name is followed by
      the symbol (V).
                                          (a) ANIMALS
                                         VERTEBRATES
MAMMALS
INSECTIVORA
      Talpidae
              Galemys pyrenaicus
CHIROPTERA
      Rhinolophidae
              Rhinolophus blasii
              Rhinolophus euryale
              Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
              Rhinolophus hipposideros
              Rhinolophus mehelyi
       Vespertilionidae
              Barbastella barbastellus
              Miniopterus schreibersi
              Myotis bechsteini
              Myotis blythii
              Myotis capaccinii
              Myotis dasycneme
                                                      K
 ---pagebreak---              Myotis emarginatus
             Myotis myotis
RODENTIA
     Sciuridae
             * Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus)
             Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus)
     Castoridae
             Castor fiber (except the Finnish and Swedish populations)
     Microtidae
             Microtus cabrerae
             * Microtus oeconomus arenicola
CARNIVORA
     Canidae
             * Alopex lagopus
             * Canis lupus (Spanish populations: only those south of the Duero; Greek
                            populations: only south of the 39th parallel; Finnish populations
                            excepted).
     Ursidae
             * Ursus arctos (except the Finnish and Swedish populations)
     Mustelidae
             * Gulo gulo
            Lutra lutra
            Mustela lutreola
     Felidae
            Lynx lynx (except the Finnish populations)
             * Lynx pardinus
     Phocidae
            Halichoerus grypus (V)
             * Monachus monachus
            Phoca hispida bottnica (o)
             * Phoca hispida saimensis
            Phoca vitulina (V)
ARTIODACTYLA
     Cervidae
             * Cervus elaphus corsicanus
            Rangifer tarandus fennicus (o)
     Bovidae
             Capra aegagrus (natural populations)
             * Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
             Ovis gmelini musimon (Ovis ammon musimon) (natural populations - Corsica
             and Sardinia)
             * Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata (Rupicapra rupicapra ornata)
             Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
CETACEA
             Tursiops truncatus
             Phocoena phocoena
                                                a
 ---pagebreak--- REPTILES
CHELONIA (TESTUDINES)
     Tesîudinidae
            Testudo hermanni
            Testudo graeca
            Testudo marginata
     Cheloniidae
            * Caretta caretta
     Emydidae
            Emys orbicularis
            Mauremys caspica
            Mauremys leprosa
SAURIA
     Lacertidae
            Lacerta bonnali (Lacerta monticola)
            Lacerta monticola
            Lacerta schreiberi
            Gallotia galloti insulanagae
            * Gallotia simonyi
            Podarcis lilfordi
            Podarcis pityusensis
     Scincidae
            Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis)
     Gekkonidae
            Phyllodactylus europaeus
OPHIDIA (SERPENTES)
     Colubridae
            Elaphe quatuorlineata
            Elaphe situla
     Viperidae
            * Macrovipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri)
            Vipera ursinii
AMPHIBIANS
CAUDATA
     Salamandridae
            Chioglossa lusitanica
            Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani)
            * Salamandra atra aurorae
            Salamandrina terdigitata
            Triturus carnifex (Triturus cristatus carnifex)
            Triturus cristatus (Triturus cristatus cristatus)
            Triturus dobrogicus (Triturus cristatus dobrogicus)
            Triturus karelinii (Triturus cristatus karelinii)
     Proteidae
            Proteus anguinus
     Plethodontidae
            Hydromantes (Speleomantes) ambrosii
            Hydromantes (Speleomantes) flavus
                                                    n
 ---pagebreak---             Hydromantes (Speleomantes)     genei
            Hydromantes (Speleomantes)     imperialis
            Hydromantes (Speleomantes)     strinatii
            Hydromantes (Speleomantes)     supramontes
ANURA
     Discoglossidae
            Bombina bombina
            Bombina variegata
            Discoglossus galganoi (including Discoglossus "jeanneae")
            Discoglossus montalentii
            Discoglossus sardus
            * Alytes muletensis
     Ranidae
            Rana latastei
     Pelobatidae
            * Pelobates fiiscus insubricus
FISHES
PETROMYZONIFORMES
     Petromyzonidae
            Eudontomyzon spp. (o)
            Lampetra fluviatilis (V) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations)
            Lampetra planeri (o) (except the Finnish and Swedish populations)
            Lethenteron zanandreai (V)
            Petromyzon marinus (o) (except the Swedish populations)
ACIPENSERIFORMES
     Acipenseridae
            * Acipenser naccarii
            * Acipenser sturio
CLUPEIFORMES
     Clupeidae
            Alosa spp. (V)
SALMONIFORMES
     Salmonidae
            Hucho hucho (natural populations) (V)
            Salmo salar (only in fresh water) (V) (except the Finnish populations)
            Sahno marmoratus (o)
            Salmo macrostigma (o)
     Coregonidae
            * Coregonus oxyrhynchus (anadromous populations in certain sectors of the
            North Sea)
CYPRINIFORMES
     Cyprinidae
            Alburnus albidus (o) (Alburnus vulturius)
            Anaecypris hispanica
            Aspius aspius (o) (except the Finnish populations)
            Barbus plebejus (V)
            Barbus meridionalis (V)
            Barbus comiza (V)
                                               f&
 ---pagebreak---              Chalcalburnus chalcoides (o)
             Chondrostoma soetta (o)
             Chondrostoma polylepis (o) (including C. willkommi)
             Chondrostoma genei (o)
             Chondrostoma lusitanicum (o)
             Chondrostoma toxostoma (o)
             Gobio albipinnatus (o)
             Gobio uranoscopus (o)
             Iberocypris palaciosi (o)
              *Ladigesocypris ghigii (o)
             Leuciscus lucumonis (o)
             Leuciscus souffia (o)
             Phoxinellus spp. (o)
             Rutilus pigus (o)
             Rutilus rubilio (o)
             Rutilus arcasii (o)
             Rutilus macrolepidotus (o)
             Rutilus lenMningii (o)
             Rutilus frisii meidingeri (o)
             Rutilus alburnoides (o)
             Rhodeus sericeus amarus (o)
             Scardinius graecus (o)
      Cobitidae
             Cobitis trichonica (o)
             Cobitis taenia (o) (except the Finnish populations)
             Misguraus fossilis (o)
             Sabanejewia aurata (o)
             Sabanejewia larvata (o) (Cobitis larvata and Cobitis conspersa)
SILURIFORMES
      Siluridae
             Silurus aristotelis (V)
ATHERINIFORMES
      Cyprinodontidae
             Aphanius iberus (o)
             Aphanius fasciatus (o)
              * Valencia hispanica
              * Valencia letourneuxi (Valencia hispanica)
PERCIFORMES
      Percidae
             Gymnocephalus schraetzer (V)
              Zingel spp. [(o) except Zingel asper and Zingel zingel (V)]
      Gobiidae
             Pomatoschistus canestrini (o)
              Knipowitschia (Padogobius) panizzae (o)
              Padogobius nigricans (o)
SCORPAENIFORMES
      Cottidae
              Cottus petiti (o)
              Cottus gobio (o) (except the Finnish populations)
                                                     fS
 ---pagebreak---                                       INVERTEBRATES
ARTHROPODS
CRUSTACEA
     Decapoda
            Austropotamobius pallipes (V)
INSECTA
     Coleoptera
            Agathidium pulchellum (o)
            Boros schneideri (o)
            Buprestis splendens
            *Carabus menetriesi pacholei (o)
            * Carabus olympiae
            Cerambyx cerdo
            Corticaria planula (o)
            Cucujus cinnaberinus
            Dytiscus latissimus
            Graphoderus bilineatus
            Limoniscus violaceus (o)
            Lucanus cervus (o)
            Macroplea pubipennis (o)
            Mesosa myops (o)
            Morimus funereus (o)
            *Osmoderma eremita
            Oxyporus mannerheimii (o)
            Pytho kolwensis (o)
            •Rosalia alpina
            Stephanopachys linearis (o)
            Stephanopachys substriatus (o)
            Xyletinus tremulicola (o)
     Hemiptera
            Aradus angularis (o)
     Lepidoptera
            Agriades glandon aquilo (o)
            *Callimorpha (Euplagia, Panaxia) quadripunctaria (o)
            Clossiana improba (o)
            Coenonympha oedippus
            Erebia calcaria
            Erebia christi
            Erebia medusa polaris (o)
            Eriogaster catax
            Euphydryas (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia (o)
            Graellsia isabellae (V)
            Hesperia comma catena (o)
            Hypodryas maturna
            Lycaena dispar
            Maculinea nausithous
            Maculinea teleius
                                             «ào
 ---pagebreak---            Melanargia arge
           Papilio hospiton
           Plebicula golgus
           Xestia borealis (o)
           Xestia brunneopicta (o)
     Mantodea
           Apteromantis aptera
     Odonata
           Coenagrion hylas (o)
           Coenagrion mercuriale (o)
           Cordulegaster trinacriae
           Gomphus graslinii
           I^uconhinia pectoralis
           Lindenia tetraphylla
           Macromia splendens
           Ophiogomphus cecilia
           Oxygastra curtisii
     Orthoptera
           Baetica ustulata
ARACHNIDA
     Pseudoscorpiones
           Anthrenochernes stellae (o)
MOLLUSCS
GASTROPODA
           Caseolus calculus
           Caseolus commixta
           Caseolus sphaerula
           Discula leacockiana
           Discula tabellata
           Discus guerinianus
           Elona quimperiana
           Geomalacus maculosus
           Geomitra moniziana
           •Helicopsis striata austriaca (o)
           Idiomela (Helix) subplicata
           Leiostyla abbreviata
           Leiostyla cassida
           Leiostyla corneocostata
           Leiostyla gibba
           Leiostyla lamellosa
           Vertigo angustior (o)
           Vertigo genesii (o)
           Vertigo geyeri (o)
           Vertigo moulinsiana (o)
BIVALVIA
     Unionoida
           Margaritifera durrovensis (Margaritifera margaritifera) (V)
           Margaritifera margaritifera (V)
                                               *1
 ---pagebreak---              Unio crassus
                                          (b) PLANTS
PTERIDOPHYTA
ASPLENIACEAE
     Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy
BLECHNACEAE
     Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.
DICKSONIACEAE
     Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
     Diplazium sibiricum (Turcz. ex Kunze) Kurata
     * Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.
     Dryopteris fragans (L.) Schott
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
     Trichomanes speciosum Willd.
ISOETACEAE
     Isoetes boryana Durieu
     Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not.
MARSILEACEAE
     Marsilea batardae Lauiiert
     Marsilea quadrifolia L.
     Marsilea strigosa Willd.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
     Botrychium simplex Hitchc.
     Ophioglossum polyphyllum A. Braun
GYMNOSPERMAE
PINACEAE
     * Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei
ANGIOSPERMAE
ALISMATACEAE
     * Alisma wahlenbergii (Holmberg) Juz.
     Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Pari.
     Luronium natans (L.) Raf.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
     Leucojum nicaeense Ard.
     Narcissus asturiensis (Jordan) Pugsley
     Narcissus calcicola Mendonça
     Narcissus cyclamineus DC.
     Narcissus fernandesii G. Pedro
     Narcissus humilis (Cav.) Traub
     * Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley
     Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. subsp. nobilis (Haw.) A. Femandes
     Narcissus scaberulus Henriq.
                                            22_
 ---pagebreak---     Narcissus triandrus L. subsp. capax (Salisb.) D. A. Webb.
    Narcissus viridiflorus Schousboe
BORAGINACEAE
    * Anchusa crispa Viv.
    * Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Femandes
    Myosotis lusitanica Schuster
    Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm.
    Myosotis retusifolia R. Afonso
    Omphalodes kuzinskyanae Willk.
    * Omphalodes littoralis Lehm.
    Solenanthus albanicus (Degen & al.) Degen & Baldacci
    * Symphytum cycladense Pawl.
CAMPANULACEAE
    Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm.
    * Campanula sabatia De Not.
    Jasione crispa (Pourret) Samp, subsp. serpentinica Pinto da Silva
    Jasione lusitanica A. DC.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
    Arenaria ciliata L. ssp. pseudofrigida Ostenf. & O.C. Dahl
    Arenaria humifusa Wahlenberg
    * Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
    Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday
    Dianthus arenarius L. subsp. arenarius
    Dianthus cintranus Boiss. & Reuter subsp. cintranus Boiss. & Reuter
    Dianthus marizii (Samp.) Samp.
    Dianthus rupicola Biv.
    * Gypsophila papulosa P. Porta
    Herniaria algarvica Chaudhri
    * Herniaria latifolia Lapeyr. subsp. litardierei Garnis
    Herniaria lusitanica (Chaudhri) subsp. berlengiana Chaudhri
    Herniaria maritima Link
    Moehringia laterifolia (L.) Fenzl.
    Moehringia tommasinii Marches.
    Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm.
    Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos & Rivas Mart.
    Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Fernandez Casas
    Silène furcata Rafm. ssp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters
    * Silène hicesiae Brullo & Signorello
    Silène hifacensis Rouy ex Willk.
     * Silène holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss.
    Silène longicilia (Brot.) Otth.
    Silène mariana Pau
     * Silène orphanidis Boiss.
     * Silène rothmaleri Pinto da Silva
     * Silène velutina Pourret ex Loisel.
CHENOPODIACEAE
     * Bassia (Kochia) saxicola (Guss.) A. J. Scott
     * Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi
                                                 23>
 ---pagebreak--- CISTACEAE
      Cistus palhinhae Ingram
      Halimium verticillatum (Brot.) Sennen
      Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday
      Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss.
      * Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Rozeira
COMPOSITAE
      * Anthémis glaberrima (Rech. f.) Greuter
     Artemisia campestris L. subsp. bottnica A.N. Lundstrom ex Kindb.
      * Artemisia granatensis Boiss.
      * Artemisia laciniata Willd.
     Artemisia oelandica (Besser) Komaror
     * Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn.
     * Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC
     * Aster sorrentinii (Tod) Lojac.
     * Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.
     * Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal
     * Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler
     * Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal
     * Centaurea balearica J. D. Rodriguez
     * Centaurea borjae Valdes-Berm. & Rivas Goday
     * Centaurea citricolor Font Quer
     Centaurea corymbosa Pourret
     Centaurea gadorensis G. Blanca
     * Centaurea horrida Badaro
     * Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.
     Centaurea kartschiana Scop.
     * Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy
     Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostal
     * Centaurea niederi Heldr.
     * Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.
     * Centaurea pinnata Pau
     Centaurea pulvinata (G. Blanca) G. Blanca
     Centaurea rothmalerana (Arènes) Dostal
     Centaurea vicentina Mariz
     * Crépis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.
     Crépis granatensis (Willk.) B. Blanca & M. Cueto
     Crépis tectorum L. subsp. nigrescens
     ErigeronfrigidusBoiss. ex DC.
     Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd.
     * Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb.
     * Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec.
     * Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter
     Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss.
     Leontodon boryi Boiss.
     * Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell
     Leuzea longifolia Hoffmanns. & Link
     Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
     Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link
                                         ^<r
 ---pagebreak---      Santolina semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link
     * Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC.
     Senecio jacobea L. subsp. gotlandicus (Neuman) Sterner
     Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter
CONVOLVULACEAE
     * Convolvulus argyrothamnus Greuter
     * Convolvulus fernandesii Pinto da Silva & Teles
CRUCIFERAE
     Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr.
     Arabis sadina (Samp.) P. Cout.
     * Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet
     Biscutella vincentina (Samp.) Rothm.
     Boleum asperum (Pers.) Des vaux
     Brassica glabrescens Poldini
     Brassica insularis Moris
     * Brassica macrocarpa Guss.
     Braya linearis Rouy
     * Coincya rupestris Rouy
     * Coronopus navasii Pau
     Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo
     * Diplotaxis siettiana Maire
     Diplotaxis vicentina (P. Cout.) Rothm.
     Draba cacuminum Elis Ekman
     Draba cinerea Adams
     Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.
     * Iberis arbuscula Runemark
     Iberis procumbens Lange subsp. microcarpa Franco & Pinto da Silva
     * Jonopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb.
     Jonopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang.
     Rhynchosinapis erucastrum (L.) Dandy ex Clapham subsp. cintrana (Coutinho)
         Franco & P. Silva (Coincya cintrana (P. Cout.) Pinto da Silva)
     Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo
     Sisymbrium supinum L.
CYPERACEAE
     Carex holostoma Drejer
     * Carex panormitana Guss.
     Eleocnaris carniolica Koch
DIOSCOREACEAE
     * Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot
DROSERACEAE
     Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
     * Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann
     Eurphorbia transtagana Boiss.
GENTIANACEAE
     * Centaurium rigualii Esteve
     * Centaurium somedanum Lainz
     Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. & Chopinet
     Gentianella angelica (Pugsley) E. F. Warburg
                                                  2S
 ---pagebreak--- GERANIACEAE
     * Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter
     Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco
     * Erodium rupicola Boiss.
GLOBULARIACEAE
     •Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.
GRAMINEAE
     Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb.
     Arctophila fulva (Trin.) N. J. Anderson
     Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub
     Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC.
     Calamagrostis chalybaea (Laest.) Fries
     Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb.
     Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl
     Festuca brigantina (Markgr.-Dannenb.) Markgr.-Dannenb.
     Festuca duriotagana Franco & R. Afonso
     Festuca elegans Boiss.
     Festuca henriquesii Hack.
     Festuca summilusitanica Franco & R. Afonso
     Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Turin
     Holcus setiglumis Boiss. & Reuter subsp. duriensis Pinto da Silva
     Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero - Zarco & Cabezudo
     Pseudarrhenatherum pallens (Link) J. Holub
     Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribner + Merr.
     Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero
     * Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky
     * Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz
     * Stipa styriaca Martinovsky
     * Stipa veneta Moraldo
     Trisetum subalpestre (Hartman) Neuman
GROSSULARIACEAE
     * Ribes sardoum Martelli
HIPPURIDACEAE
     Hippuris tetraphylla L. Fil.
HYPERICACEAE
     * Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson
JUNCACEAE
     Juncus valvatus Link
     Luzula arctica Blytt
LABIATAE
     Dracocephalum austriacum L.
     * Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis
     Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy
     * Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis
     Origanum dictamnus L.
     Sideritis incana subsp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga
     Sideritis javalambrensis Pau
     Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag.
     Teucrium lepicephalum Pau
                                             2fc
 ---pagebreak---       Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday
      * Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link
      Thymus carnosus Boiss.
      * Thymus lotocephalus G. Lôpez & R. Morales (Thymus cephalotos L.)
LEGUMINOSAE
      Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra
      * Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge
      * Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone
      Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet
      * Astragalus maritimus Moris
      Astragalus tremolsianus Pau
      •Astragalus verrucosus Moris
      *Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl.
      Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer
      Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci
      Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser. subsp. fallax Franco
      •Ononis hackelii Lange
      Trifolium saxatile All.
      *Vicia bifoliolata J.D. Rodriguez
LENTIBULARIACEAE
      Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper
LILIACEAE
      Allium grosii Font Quer
      •Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter
      •Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva
      Hyacinthoides vicentina (Hoffmans. & Link) Rothm.
      •Muscari gussonei (Pari.) Tod.
LINACEAE
      *Linum muelleri Moris (Linum maritimum muelleri)
LYTHRACEAE
      *Lythrum flexuosum Lag.
MALVACEAE
      Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
NAJADACEAE
      Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L. Schmidt
      Najas tenuissima (A. Braun) Magnus
ORCHIDACEAE
      Calypso bulbosa L.
      *Cepnalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
      Cypripedium calceolus L.
      Gymnigritella runei Teppner & Klein
      Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.
      *Ophrys lunulata Pari.
      Platanthera obtusata (Pursh) subsp. oligantha (Turez.) Hulten
PAEONIACEAE
      Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.
      Paeonia parnassica Tzanoudakis
      Paeonia clusii F.C. Stem subsp. rhodia (Steam) Tzanoudakis
                                                     2f
 ---pagebreak--- PALMAE
     Phoenix theophrasti Greuter
PAPAVERACEAE
     Corydalis gotlandica Lidén
     Papaver laestadianum (Nordh.) Nordh.
     Papaver radicatum Rottb. subsp. hyperboreum Nordh.
PLANTAGINACEAE
     Plantago algarbiensis Sampaio (Plantago bracteosa (Willk.) G. Sampaio)
     Plantago almogravensis Franco
PLUMBAGINACEAE
     Armeria berlengensis Daveau
     •Armeria helodes Martini & Pold
     Armeria neglecta Girard
     Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld
     •Armeria rouyana Daveau
     Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron
     Armeria velutina Welw. ex Boiss. & Reuter
     Limonium dodartii (Girard) O. Kuntze subsp. lusitanicum (Daveau) Franco
     *Limonium insulare (Beg. & Landi) Arrig. & Diana
     Limonium lanceolatum (Hoffmans. & Link) Franco
     Limonium multiflorum Erben
     •Limonium pseudolaetum Arrig. & Diana
     * Limonium strictissimum (Salzmann) Arrig.
POLYGONACEAE
     Persicaria foliosa (H. Lindb.) Kitag.
     Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen
     Rumex rupestris Le Gall
PRIMULACEAE
     Androsace mathildae Levier
     Androsace pyrenaica Lam.
     •Primula apennina Widmer
     Primula nutans Georgi
     Primula palinuri Petagna
     Primula scandinavica Bruun
     Soldanella villosa Darracq.
RANUNCULACEAE
     •Aconitum corsicum Gayer (Aconitum napellus subsp. corsicum)
     Adonis distorta Ten.
     Aquilegia bertolonii Schott
     Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott
     •Aquilegia pyrenaica D.C. subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano
     •Consolida samia P.H. Davis
     Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller
     Ranunculus lapponicus L.
     Pulsatilla vulgaris Hill, subsp. gotlandica (Johanss.) Zaemelis & Paegle
     •Ranunculus weyleri Mares
RESEDACEAE
     •Reseda decursiva Forssk.
                                             2&
 ---pagebreak--- ROSACEAE
     Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour
     Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron
     Sorbus teodorii Liljefors
RUBIACEAE
     •Galium litorale Guss.
     •Galium viridiflorum Boiss. & Reuter
SALICACEAE
     Salix salvifolia Brot. subsp. australis Franco
SANTALACEAE
     Thesium ebracteatum Hayne
SAXIFRAGACEAE
     Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D.A. Webb
     Saxifraga florulenta Moretti
     Saxifraga hirculus L.
     Saxifraga osloensis Knaben
     Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
     Antinhinum charidemi Lange
     Chaenorrhinum serpyllifolium (Lange) Lange
             subsp. lusitanicum R. Femandes
     •Euphrasia genargentea (Feoli) Diana
     Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches.
     Linaria algarviana Chav.
     Linaria coutinhoi Valdés
     •Linaria ficalhoana Rouy
     Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf.
     •Linaria hellenica Turrill
     •Linaria ricardoi Cout.
     •Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo
     Linaria tonzigii Lona
     Odontites granatensis Boiss.
     Verbascum litigiosum Samp.
     Veronica micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link
     •Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavsson
SOLANACEAE
     •Atropa baetica Willk.
THYMELAEACEAE
     Daphne petraea Leybold
     •Daphne rodriguezii Texidor
ULMACEAE
     Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
UMBELLIFERAE
     • Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd
     Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.
     • Apium bermejoi Llorens
     Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.
     Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini
     • Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr.
                                                    24
 ---pagebreak---         • Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
        EryngiumalpinumL.
        • Eryngium viviparum Gay
        • Laserpitium longiradium Boiss.
        • Naufraga balearica Constans & Cannon
        • Oenanthe conioides Lange
        Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.
        Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy
        • Seseli intricatum Boiss.
        Thorella verticUlatinundata (Thore) Briq.
VALERIANACEAE
        Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot
VIOLACEAE
        • Viola hispida Lam.
        Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix
        Viola rupestris F.W. Schmidt
                subsp. relicta Jalas
Lower plants
BRYOPHYTA
Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr. (o)
Bryhnia novae-angliae (Sull & Lesq.) Grout (o)
•Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum (C. Mull.) Crum. (Bryœrythrophyllum machadoanum
(Sergio) M. O. Hill)) (o)
Buxbaumia viridis (Moug.) Moug. & Nestl. (o)
Cephalozia macounii (Aust.) Aust. (o)
Cynodontium suecicum (H. Am. & C. Jens.) I. Hag. (o)
Dichelyma capillaceum (Dicks) Myr. (o)
Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (o)
Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich. (o)
Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) verrucosus (Mitt.) Warnst. (o)
Encalypta mutica (I. Hagen) (o)
Hamatocaulis lapponicus (Norrl.) Hedenas (o)
Herzogiella turfacea (Lindb.) I. Wats, (o)
Hygrohypnum montanum (Lindb.) Broth, (o)
Jungermannia handelii (Schiffh.) Amak. (o)
Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle (o)
• Marsupella profunda Lindb. (o)
Meesia longiseta Hedw. (o)
Nothothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. (o)
Orthothecium lapponicum (Schimp.) C. Hartm. (o)
Orthotrichum rogeri Brid. (o)
Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees & Gott. (o)
Plagiomnium drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T. Kop. (o)
Riccia breidleri Jur. (o)
Riella helicophylla (Bory & Mont.) Mont, (o)
Scapania massolongi (K. Mull.) K. Mull, (o)
Sphagnum pylaisii Brid. (o)
 ---pagebreak--- Tayloria rudolphiana (Garov) B. & S. (o)
Tortella rigens (N. Alberts) (o)
                                 SPECIES FOR MACARONESIA
PTERIDOPHYTA
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
        Hymenophyllum maderensis Gibby & Lovis
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
        • Polystichum drepanum (Sw.) C. Presl.
ISOETACEAE
        Isoetes azorica Durieu & Paiva ex Milde
MARSILEACEAE
        • Marsilea azorica Launert & Paiva
ANGIOSPERMAE
ASCLEPIADACEAE
        Caralluma burchardii N. E. Brown
        •Ceropegia chrysantha Svent.
BORAGINACEAE
        Echium candicans L. til.
        • Echium gentianoides Webb & Coincy
       Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson
       Myosotis maritima Hochst. in Seub.
CAMPANULACEAE
        • Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer
       Musschia aurea (L. f.) DC.
        • Musschia wollastonii Lowe
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
        • Sambucus palmensis Link
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
        Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel
CELASTRACEAE
        Maytenus umbellata (R. Br.) Mabb.
CHENOPODIACEAE
       Beta patula Ait.
CISTACEAE
        Cistus chinamadensis Banares & Romero
        • Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent.
COMPOSITAE
        Andryala crithmifolia Ait.
        • Argyranthemum lidii Humphries
        Argyranthemum thalassophylum (Svent.) Hump.
        Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries
        • Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis
        Atractylis preauxiana Schultz.
        Calendula maderensis DC.
        Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub
                                                  3>1
 ---pagebreak---       Cheirolophus ghomerytus (Svent.) Holub
      Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub
      Cheirolophus massonianus (Lowe) Hansen & Sund.
      Cirsium latifolium Lowe
      Helichrysum gossypinum Webb
      Helichrysum oligocephala (Svent. & Bzamw.)
      • Lactuca watsoniana Trel.
      • Onopordum nogalesii Svent.
      • Onorpordum carduelinum Bolle
      • Pericallis hadrosoma Svent.
     Phagnalon benettii Lowe
     Stemmacantha cynaroides (Chr. Son. in Buch) Ditt
     Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer
     • Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum Webb & Berth
CONVOLVULACEAE
     • Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe
     • Convolvulus lopez-socasii Svent.
     • Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr.
CRASSULACEAE
     Aeonium gomeraense Praeger
     Aeonium saundersii Bolle
     Aichryson dumosum (Lowe) Praeg.
     Monanthes wildpretii Banares & Scholz
     Sedum brissemoretii Raymond-Hamet
CRUCIFERAE
     • Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ
     Crambe laevigata DC. ex Christ
     • Crambe sventenii R. Petters ex Bramwell & Sund.
     • Parolinia schizogynoides Svent.
     Sinapidendron rupestre (Ait.) Lowe
CYPERACEAE
     Carex malato-belizii Raymond
DIPSACACEAE
     Scabiosa nitens Roemer & J. A. Schultes
ERICACEAE
     Erica scoparia L. subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb
EUPHORBIACEAE
     • Euphorbia handiensis Burchard
     Euphorbia lambii Svent.
     Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson
GERANIACEAE
     • Geranium maderense P. F. Yeo
GRAMINEAE
     Deschampsia maderensis (Haeck. & Bom.) Buschm.
     Phalaris maderensis (Menezes) Menezes
GLOBULARIACEAE
     • Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel
     • Globularia sarcophylla Svent.
                                         3^
 ---pagebreak--- LABIATAE
      • Sideritis cystosiphon Svent.
      •Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle
      Sideritis infernalis Bolle
      Sideritis marmorea Bolle
      Teucrium abutiloides L'Hér.
      Teucrium betonicum L'Hér.
LEGUMINOSAE
      • Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex. Willd.
      Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe
      • Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel
      • Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball
      Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis
      • Lotus kunkelii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell & al.
      • Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel.
      • Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes.
      Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson
LILIACEAE
      • Androcymbium psammophilum Svent.
      Scilla maderensis Menezes
      Semele maderensis Costa
LORANTHACEAE
      Arceuthobium azoricum Wiens & Hawksw.
MYRICACEAE
      • Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos.
OLEACEAE
      Jasminum azoricum L.
      Picconia azorica (Turin) Knobl.
ORCHIDACEAE
      Goodyera macrophylla Lowe
PITTOSPORACEAE
      • Pittosporum coriaceum Dryand. ex. Ait.
PLANTAGINACEAE
      Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree
PLUMBAGINACEAE
      • Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze
      Limonium dendroides Svent.
      • Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding
      • Limonium sventenii Santos & Fernandez Galvan
POLYGONACEAE
      Rumex azoricus Rech. fil.
RHAMNACEAE
      Frangula azorica Tutin
ROSACEAE
      • Bencomia brachystachya Svent.
      Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent.
      • Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl.
      Dendriopoterium pulidoi Svent.
      Marcetella maderensis (Bom.) Svent.
                                                 32
 ---pagebreak---       Prunus lusitanica L.
              subsp. azorica (Mouillef.) Franco
      Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Dode
SANTALACEAE
      Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer
SCROPHULARIACEAE
      • Euphrasia azorica H.C. Watson
      Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst. in Seub.
      • Isoplexis chalcantha Svent. & O'Shanahan
      Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer
      Odontites holliana (Lowe) Benth.
      Sibthorpia peregrina L.
SOLANACEAE
      • Solanum lidii Sunding
UMBELLIFERAE
      Ammi trifoliatum (H. C. Watson) Trelease
      Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel
      Chaerophyllum azoricum Trelease
      Ferula latipinna Santos
      Melanoselinum decipiens (Schrader & Wendl.) Hoffm.
      Monizia edulis Lowe
      Oenanthe divaricata (R. Br.) Mabb.
      Sanicula azorica Guthnick ex Seub.
VIOLACEAE
      Viola paradoxa Lowe
Lower plants
BRYOPHYTA
      • Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (o)
      • Thamnobryum fernandesii Sergio (o)               "
                                               3«f
 ---pagebreak---                                                                   ISSN 0254-1475
                                                           COM(97) 195 final
                                             DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                  14 15 03
                                    Catalogue number : CB-CO-97-211-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-78-19665-7
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
L-2985 Luxembourg
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