CELEX: 51983PC0356
Language: en
Date: 1983-06-13
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION adopting the second stage (January 1984-March 1986) of the multiannual research and training programme for the European Economic Community in the field of biomolecular engineering (submitted to the Council by the Commission)

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COM (83) 356
Vol. 1983/0141
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 ---pagebreak--- COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                                                          C0M<83> 356 final
                                                                         B r u s s e l s , 13 J u n e 1 9 8 3
                                                      Proposal for a
                                                    COUNCIL DECISION
          a d o p t i n g t h e s e c o n d s t a g e ( J a n u a r y 1 9 8 4 - M a r c h 1 9 8 6 ) of t h e
               multiannual              r e s e a r c h and t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m m e for the
                         E u r o p e a n E c o n o m i c C o m m u n i t y in t h e f i e l d of
                                            biomolecular engineering
                        ( s u b m i t t e d t o t h e C o u n c i l by t h e C o m m i s s i o n )
  C0M(83) 356 final
 ---pagebreak---                                REASONS FOR PROPOSAL
1.   INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background information
     Council adopted on 7 December           1981   (1)   a multi-annual research
     and training programme for the European Economic Community in the
     field of biomolecular engineering (indirect action April 1982 to
     March   1986).    In   its    decision,     Council      specified     that   the
     programme    was    to   be     revised     before      its    third    year   of
     implementation     and   executed     in   two    stages,     the   first   stage
     running from 1 April 1982 until the revision and the second from
     this revision until 31 March 1986.
     Council defined,     in its decision,       the scientific content of the
     programme   and established       the amount     of   the   appropriations    and
     the  staff   required   for   the    execution    of   the programme      already
     agreed.   In   the   statements      attached     to   the   Council    minutes,
     specifications were made which provided               the list    of priorities
     for  research actions     during     the  first    stage    : they    focused  on
     agriculture and on the area of agro-food production. As for the
     training actions, implemented by means of training contracts and
     grants   for   short   training      periods,     they    covered    the   entire
     content  of   the programme      outlined    in   the   decision    of Council.
     When  the programme     was   adopted,     the   financial     means   allocated
     amounted   to 8 million ECU       (including expenditure on a staff            of
     three)  but   article 3    of   the   Council    decision      stated   that  the
     amount of   the appropriations and the staff              required    to execute
     the  programme   were   to be      re-evaluated     when    the   programme   was
     revised.
(1) OJ No L 375, 30.12.1980, p. 1-3.
                                               1
 ---pagebreak--- 1.2. Implementation_of_the_£irst_phase
     Implementation started on 1 April 1982.
     As far as research by means of cost-shared contracts is concerned
     a   total   number    of    169 applications,       representing        a   proposed
     research effort of 550 man/year and a total budget of 68 million
     ECU (with a request for Community funds of 31 million ECU), were
     received before the deadline of July 15, 1982. From these, after
     consultation       with    the     ACPM    for    Biomolecular        Engineering,
     51 proposals      were   selected     for    the   negotiation       of    contracts
     starting at the beginning of 1983 and involving, as support from
     the   Commission,     the   totality     (5,66   million     ECU)   of     the   funds
     foreseen    for   research    actions     in  the budget      of   the    programme.
     Among the 118 remaining proposals, many applications of excellent
     quality had to be rejected for lack of funding possibilities. The
     proposals accepted were selected on the basis of their scientific
     merits    and  in view     of   the necessity      to   constitute     the    initial
     nuclei    of   Community     R&D    for   each   of    the   priorities        of  the
      programme.   The    research    sectors    covered by      these   nuclei,      which
      are often of sub-critical size and obviously need to be rapidly
      expanded, are the following :
            - technology of second generation reactors for production of
              agro-food
            - production of vaccines for farm animals
            - degradation of ligno-cellulose
            - identification and transfer of genes in plant cells
            - nitrogen fixation
            - regeneration of isolated cells of cereals and legumes.
      With regard to training, 48 applications                for training contracts
      were received at the closing date of June 15, 1982. Among these,
      15 proposals were selected for an effective start on the 1st of
      January    1983.   The   areas    covered    by   the   training     contracts      is
      broad and concerns all sectors of biomolecular engineering.                        The
      laboratories participating as host-institutions                  in the     training
      contracts     have    been    chosen    on    the   basis     of   their      present
       leadership    in European      R&D.   The   deadline    of   July 15,      1983 has
      been established for the selection of training contracts foreseen
       to start in 1984.
                                                   2
 ---pagebreak--- L.3. Relations with the R&D Framework Programme and the "Biotechnology
     R&D Action Programme"
      1.3.1. As    regards    the    Framework    Programme,     the    present
             Biomolecular Engineering Programme is directly related to
             the following goals and objectives :
             - Promotion of agricultural competitivity
             - Promotion of industrial competitivity (new technologies)
             as well as to
             - Improvement of raw materials management
             - Development of renewable energies
             - Improvement of safety and protection of health.
      1.3.2. The Commission has announced its intention to present in
              the near future to Council a plan for "Action Programmes"
              related   to   the   various   objectives    of   the   Framework
             Programme (2).
              In   this   respect   a   "R&D   Action   Programme     for   Bio­
              technology" is envisaged by the Commission.        Its aim would
             be   to pool and strengthen Community R&D in areas of key
              importance for agriculture and industries.         The programme
              proposal would    consist   of horizontal   actions    from which
              all sectors of biotechnology should benefit, and vertical
              actions   focused   upon  the   solution  of   certain    specific
              problems.
              This programme,    if implemented, will include the present
              Biomolecular   Engineering    Programme  and will     foresee  its
              extension beyond April 1986.
 (2) C0M(82) 865 of 21 December 1982.
                                             3
 ---pagebreak--- 2.    PROGRAMME PROPOSAL FOR THE SECOND STAGE
      In  order  to   allow   for  the    revision    of   the   programme   and  the
      implementation of its second stage,          the Commission asks that the
      project of Council decision (annex 1) be adopted.
      The Commission considers,        in this respect,       that several reasons
      militate in favour of a rapid adoption and implementation of the
      revised programme.     Most   of   these   reasons have been       outlined   in
      the initial proposal (3) of the Commission and concern the need,
      now .widely    recognized,    to    promote    in   the   Community,    through
      oriented research and training actions, the exploitation of basic
      discoveries    in modern biology which are           likely   to increase   the
      capacity of the Member States to compete with the outside world
      in   key    areas    dealing     with     the    elaboration      of   improved
      agricultural and bio-industrial products.
      As in the first phase,       the programme      is   to consist of     research
      actions   by    means   of   cost-shared      contracts      and   of  training
      actions.
 2.1. Research actions
      The constitution and consolidation at Community level, of action
       groups  composed of some of the best           laboratories     in Europe   and
       involved   in   a  joint   research     effort    for   the    elimination    of
       specific bottlenecks to biotechnological developments,               is one of
       the means through which the Community may hope to bridge part of
       the present gap with countries, like Japan and the United States,
       of advanced technology.
 (3) COM(79) 793 final
 ---pagebreak---   The   research     programme     for   the   second    stage,    described      in
  annex 1, focuses, with only few modifications, on those very same
  objectives which were considered as priorities for Community R&D
  during   the   first    stage   of   implementation.     This   choice,     which
  takes   into   account    the   necessity,    underlined     by   the   European
 Parliament,      for   clearly    specified    objectives,     was   made    after
 detailed discussions with scientists and national representatives
 of R&D in the Member States           (see in annex 2 the opinion of the
 ACPM Biomolecular Engineering). It is based upon an assessment of
 Community needs and of the achievements which are likely to be
 fulfilled through a programme with limited budgetary                  resources.
 The   conclusion     that   the   actions   presently    in   progress    in   the
 first phase should be reinforced stem from :
          - the massive response of laboratories in the Member States
 to the call for tenders issued for implementing the first phase
 of   the  programme.     This   response    demonstrated     the  interest     and
 need   of   European     laboratories     for   support    in   the   R&D   areas
 covered by     the programme;      the quality of the numerous proposals
 which had     to be    rejected    clearly   showed,   moreover,     that  it   is
 possible, in order to give full significance to the programme,                  to
 increase the size, often sub-critical, of the nuclei of Community
 R&D constituted for each sector of the first phase.
          - the confirmation that plant cells,            a basic material in
 the   first    phase    of   the    programme,    are   indeed     amenable     to
modifications through genetic engineering and to exploitation by
fermentation       (see,    for   instance,    the    recent    involvement      of
organizations      such   as   IPRI,   Monsanto,   Nestle,     Unilever    or   the
Wolfson Institute of Biotechnology in plant cell research).
Only one change is introduced to the scientific programme, namely
the extension to pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industries of
the second generation bioreactor technology which,                 in the first
phase, was restricted to the production of agro-food. This change
results     from    the    fact   that    recent    and   expected      technical
developments make it possible to catalyse reactions of increased
complexity which lead to products of higher added value in many
biotechnology-based industries.
                                           5
 ---pagebreak---     The research proposed is fully compatible with some of the main
    orientations    defined     for  biotechnology     R&D   in   the   Framework
    Programme   of   the Commission,     and with    specific    recommendations
    presented in the report "Forecasting and assessment in the field
    of science and technology"        of the Commission services. While it
    is  not  possible    to   outline   here  in   details   all   the  relations
    between the present proposal and the scientific orientations and
    recommendations mentioned       above,   it   can nevertheless     be  stated
    that the objectives retained for the second phase (production of
    substances with high added value for the industries, preparation
    of  animal vaccines,      transformation of ligno-cellulose, creation
    of   plant   cell-lines      meeting    the    requirements     of   European
    agriculture and agro-industry, improvement of symbiotic relations
    between   plants   and   microorganisms)     are   among   those   which  are
    considered as essential priorities for Community R&D.
2.2 Training actions
    The   Commission,   in    full  agreement    with   the  ACPM    Biomolecular
    Engineering, is of the opinion that the training actions serve! an
    essential purpose for the proper retraining of scientists, their
    mobility,      the      acquisition      of     skills      necessary     for
    multidisciplinary      research     and   the   transfer     of   information
    between    public    and     private    enterprises.     It    is   therefore
    considered   that   the   effort   accomplished    during   the   first phase
    must be continued and the advertisement of funding possibilities
    intensified.    The scientific field to be covered by the trailing
    actions is not to be modified and should consist of the six areas
    defined in the Council decision of 7 December 1981.
                                              6
 ---pagebreak---    Financial   means: the       appropriations     estimated     as   necessary    for
   the  execution     of   the   second   stage  of    the   programme    should    be
  7 million ECU,       including expenditure for an additional staff of
  two (1 A post and 1 C post).
  The   financial     means    for   the  execution     of   the   training   action
  shall not exceed 20% of the total budget to be allocated to the
  second    stage    of   the   programme.    The    financial      means   for   the
  contribution of       the Commission      to research actions by means            of
  cost-shared     contracts      with   laboratories      in   the   Member   States
  shall not be lower than 80% of the total budget to be allocated
  to the second stage of the programme.
 Taking    into   account     the appropriations already decided upon by
 Council for the first stage of the programme,                  these estimations
 bring   to a total of        15 million ECU,      including expenditure on a
 staff    of    five,     the    total   appropriations       allocated     to   the
 programme.
 This proposal is in line with the following statements entered in
 the minutes of the Council of 7.12.1981, which mentioned that :
 "The Commission        considered     that   a  staff      complement     of   five
 (2 A's,    1 B,   2 C ’s) was needed      to carry out this programme.           If
 the Council agrees to this complement,             the Commission undertakes
 to reduce the staff complement of the programme "Biology - Health
Protection" by two persons compared with the ceiling decided by
the    Council.      The    Commission     further     considered      that   three
officials     (1 A,    1 B,   1 C) would suffice       to carry out the first
phase of the programme".
"The   Council     specified     that   when  taking     the   revision   decision
which will re-evaluate the amount and the staff allocated to the
programme,     due    account    must   be  taken   of    the   draft   compromise
worked    out     at    CREST     providing    for    an    overall     amount    of
15 million ECU       for   a  four-year    programme     running     from  1981   to
1984".
                                            7
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                       Annex 1
                                                  P r o p o s a l for a
                                                 COUNCIL DECISION
               adopting the second stage (January 1984-March 1986) of the
                   multi-annual research and training programme for the
                          European Economic Community in the field of
                                         biomoLecular engineering
 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
 Having           regard       to   the Treaty                 establishing            the     European     Economic
 Community, and in particular Article 235 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2),
Whereas Article 2 of the Treaty assigns to the Community, inter alia,
the task of promoting throughout the Community a harmonious development
of economic activities, a continuous and balanced expansion and an
accelerated raising of the standard of living;
 Whe r e a s by D e c i s i o n 8 1 / 1 0 3 2 / E E C the C ou ncil a d o p t e d a r es earch and t r a i n i n g
 p r o g r a m m e in t h e f i e l d o f b i o m o l e c u l a r e n g i n e e r i n g ( 3 ) ; whereas the programme is to
 b e i m p l e m e n t e d in t w o s t a g e s , t h e f i r s t s t a g e r u n n i n g f r o m 1 A p r i l 1 9 8 2
 u n t i l t h e r e v i s i o n o f t h e p r o g r a m m e in 1 9 8 3 a n d t h e s e c o n d s t a g e f r o m t h i s
 r e v i s i o n u n t i l 31 M a r c h 1 9 8 6 ;
Whereas t h e C o u n c i l d e c i d e d t h a t              the amount of the appropriations and
the staff required to execute the programme is t o be re-evaluated when
the programme is revised;
Whereas the implementation of the first stage of the programme through
research and training contracts has clearly confirmed the need for the
strengthening of the programme during the second stage;
Whereas the importance of research and training at Community level in
the area of biomolecular engineering is fully recognized in the framer
work programme (1984-1987) prepared by the Commission (4);
Whereas the Treaty has not provided the necessary specific powers;                                                    '·'·*
(1 )
(2 )
( 3 ) OJ N o L 3 7 5 , 3 Q . J 2 . 1 9 8 1 , p . 1.
(4) COM(82) 865, 21.12.1982.
                                                                 1
 ---pagebreak---   Whereas account should be taken of the opinion of the Scientific and
  Technical Research Committee (CREST) on the Commission proposal;
  Whereas account should be taken of the opinion of the Advisory Committee
  (ACPM) for the Management of the Biomolecular Engineering Programme,
  HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS:
                                                    Article 1
 The second stage of the multi-annual research and training programme
   hereinafter called "the programme", for the European Economic Community
 is hereby adopted, in the form set out in t h e A n n e x for the p e r i o d
 starting on 1 January 1984 and ending on 31 March 1986.
                                                    Article 2
The appropriations necessary for the execution of the second stage
of th e p r o g r a m m e , which are to be added to those already allocated for
the first stage/· are estimated at 7 million ECU, including expenditure
r e l a t e d to an a d d i t i o n a l s t a f f of two.     T h e s e a p p r o p r i a t i o n s s ha ll be
e n t e r e d in t h e g e n e r a l b u d g e t of the E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s .
                                                      2
 ---pagebreak---                                                       Annex to annex 1
                                    ANNEX
1.    Research actions
1.1. Development of second generation bioreactors          (multienzymatic,
     multiphasic or co-factor requiring) for detoxification and for
      industrial applications including agro-food applications. Are also
      included in this sector research activities focusing upon:
      -   the study of the     physiology  and the stability of cell
         populations,   including   genetically   manipulated   cells,    in
         relation with whole cell immobilization.
     -   the analysis    and   prevention  of   enzyme   inactivation    in
         immobilized   systems (particularly    under  non   physiological
         conditions   specific of    high  salinity,   non-aqueous,    high
         temperature and extreme pH environments).
1.2. Improved production, by means of biomolecular engineering methods,
     of substances for:
     -   animal husbandry (particularly vaccines, hormones, ...),
     -   agro-food industries.
1.3. Upgrading of plant products, particularly ligno-cellulose, by means
     of biomolecular engineering methods.
1.4. Improvement, by means of genetic engineering, of plants and
     microorganisms which play on important role in agriculture.
     Research activities in this sector are to include:
     -   the characterization of the structure and the expression of
         microbial and plant genomes, including their organelles and
         plasmid DNA,
     -   the study of the molecular mechanisms of interactions between
         plants and symbiotic microorganisms and the improvement by
         genetic engineering of these symbiotic relations,
     -   the development of methods for the identification, transfer and
         expression of new genetic information in cultivated plant
         species,
     -   the control of regeneration and differentiation of plant cells
         and plant protoplasts into mature organisms,
     -   the use of biomolecular engineering for the early detection of
         genetic or pathogenic changes in plants.
                                     1
 ---pagebreak---   1.5. Development of methods for detecting contamination and for the
        assessment of possible risks associated with applications of
        biomolecular engineering in agriculture and industry.
 The financial means for the execution of research actions shall not be
 lower than 80% of the total budget allocated to the 2nd stage of the
 programme.
 2.    Training
 2.1. Development of new reactors using immobilized multi-enzyme systems,
       including those requiring multi-phase environment and co-factor
       regeneration;
 2.2. Development of bio-reactors for human detoxification;
 2.3. The transfer of genes from diverse sources to the bacterium
       Escherichia coli, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other
       suitable organisms;
2.4. Development of cloning systems;
2.5. Gene transfer      in  micro-organisms  and  in  plants  important to
       agriculture;
2.6. Improvement of methods for detecting contamination and for the
       assessment of possible risks associated with applications in
      agriculture and industry of biomolecular engineering.
The financial means for the execution of this training action shall not
exceed 20% of the total budget allocated to the second stage of the
programme.
                                     2
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  Annex 2
                                                            It
              OPINION OF THE ACPM "BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING'
During its meeting of October 28-29 in Brussels the ACPM "Biomolecular
Engineering", in accordance with article 5 of the decision of Council
adopting a two stages multi-annual research and training programme for
the European Economic Community in the field of biomolecular engineering
(0J No L375, 30.12.1981), examined in detail the scientific programme to
be executed during its second stage.
The ACPM is unanimously of opinion that it is the interest of the
Community to supplement and broaden knowledge and expertise in
biomolecular engineering with the view of rendering possible new
developments in biotechnology.
The ACPM stated unanimously that the programme for the 2nd stage is
based on a valid assessment of Community needs in the area of bio­
engineering, that the research and training actions foreseen will allow
a stimulation of efforts which are essential for European industry and
European agriculture, and that the revised programme is sufficiently
flexible to permit its continuous adaptation to the progress of science
and technology.
The ACPM stated unanimously that adequate budgetary means and staff
 expenditures must be foreseen in order to create a proper basis for a
meaningful Community Biomolecular Engineering programme.
The ACPM emphasized unanimously that the decision adopting the second
 stage of the Biomolecular Engineering programme should be taken as early
 as possible in 1983 in order to allow for the publication of a call for
 tenders and a proper timing for the selection and negotiation of
 contracts.
                                                     VAN DER PLAS
                                          (Chairman of the
                                          Biomolecular Engineering ACPM)
 Brussels, November 1982
 ---pagebreak---                          FINANCIAL RECORD
  BUDGET CHAPTER :
  -   Post  : line 7370
  -   Title  : Biomolecular Engineering
  JURIDICAL BASIS
  Article 235 of EEC Treaty
 Council Decision
 DESCRIPTION OF ACTION AND OBJECTIVES
 Second stage (January 1984 - March 1986) of the multiannual
 research and training programme for the European Economic
 Community in the field of biomolecular engineering.
 Programme carried out, by means of cost-sharing contracts with
 research organizations in the Member States and by means of
 training contracts, along the following projects :
 1. Development of new reactors using immobilized multienzyme
     systems including those requiring multiphase environment and
     cofactor regeneration.
 2. Development of bioreactors for human detoxification.
 3. The transfer of genes from diverse sources to the bacterium
    Escherichia coli, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other
     suitable organisms.
4. Development of cloning systems.
5. Gene transfer in micro-organisms and in plants     important to
    agriculture.
6. Improvement of methods for detecting contamination and for the
    assessment of possible risks associated with applications in
    agriculture and industry of biomolecular engineering.
The objective of these actions are to accelerate the production
of data, biological materials and methods in bio-engineering
which are necessary for the domestication and the transformation
of the basic properties of living organisms useful to man and to
place such data, materials and methods at the disposal of
industries and agricultural research centres.
 ---pagebreak---  JUSTIFICATION OF ACTION
 There is a need to promote in the Community, through oriented
  research and      through   training,  the exploitation of basic
  discoveries in m o d e m biology and to increase in this manner, by
  an integrated effort, the capacity of the Member States to
  compete with the outside world in areas dealing with the
  elaboration of improved agricultural and bio-industrial products.
  The proposed activities are not only intended to contribute to
  the reduction of deficits in trade and in patents but should also
  lead to the establishment of new methods for the estimation of
  bio-hazards possibly associated to modern biotechnology and, in
   the long run, to the decrease of energy consumption and the
   diminuation of waste products. Finally, it should allow the
   uniform and harmonious development throughout the Community of
   the regulations and protection devices which should always be
   associated, from the start, with new and economically important
   exploitation methods. Considering the present gap which separates
   the Community of Member States from countries with advanced
    technology and the partition which too often isolate in Europe
   basic research from industrial research, these results can only
   be obtained through a global and continuously renewed analysis of
    the Community needs and through the stimulation of Community
    activities which allow the pooling together of competences and of
    research tools.
    FINANCIAL INCIDENCE OF ACTION ON INTERVENING SUPPLIES
     (including costs for staff and expenses    for administrative and
     technical management).
1    Total cost during the entire term envisaged ........   12.6 MioECU
2    Participation to funding
     -   on Community budget ...............                  7.0 MioECU
      -  by national administrations         )                5.6 MioECU
      -  by other sectors at national level )
.3    Multiannual schedule
 ---pagebreak--- 5.3.1.1  Commitment                  in MioECU
     Expenditures     1984 1985 1986    Total
     Staff            0.12 0.14 0.04    0.30
     Administ. and
     Technical Manag. 0.20 0.25 0.05    0.50
     Contracts        6.20 —    —
                                        6.20
     TOTAL            6.52 0.39 0.09    7.00
5.3.1.2  Payment                     in MioECU
     Expenditures     1984 1985 1986    Total
     Staff            0.12 0.14 0.04    0.30
     Administ. and
     Technical Manag. 0.20 0.25 0.05    0.50
     Contracts        2.95 2.95 0.30     6.20
     TOTAL            3.27 3.34 0.39     7.00
                         3
 ---pagebreak--- 5.3.2  Methods of calculation
        a)   Personnel expenditures
            Taking into account the appropriations already decided upon
            by Council (1 A post, 1 B post, and 1 C post), the minimal
            needs for the implementation of the 2nd phase of the
            programme are assessed to an additional staff of :
                                   1 A post
                                   1 C post.
            These needs take into account the necessity to carry out
             the    administrative    and    scientific    management   of
             approximately 50 new research contracts and 60 new training
             contracts.
             The calculations are based upon annual figures estimated
             for 1983 at 75.100 ECU for an A post and 29.800 ECU for a
             C post and upon a rate of salary increase amounting to 8%
             per year.
         b) Expenditure for administrative and technical operations
             They cover travel, mission and meeting expenses as well as
              the cost of scientific and technical assistance whenever it
              proves necessary for the implementation of the programme.
          c) Expenditure in respect of contracts
              Since the nature of the work and the qualifications of the
              contracting parties vary, it is impossible to introduce a
              standard method of calculation.        The average cost of
              90.000 ECU in 1982 per scientist/year with an annual
              increase of 8% of the cost of the research and a
              contribution from the Commission of 50% to the cost of this
              research were used as a basis for estimation. However, the
              Advisory Committee on Programme Management (ACPM) will
              always be consulted on the allocation of funds.
  6.  FINANCIAL INCIDENCE      ON   RUNNING   SUPPLIES  FOR   PERSONNEL AND
      MANAGEMENT :
      (see point 5 above)
  7.  FINANCING OF EXPENDITURES
      Funds to be included in future budgets
                                        4
 ---pagebreak--- 8 . FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN RESPECT OF REVENUE :
    -  Community tax on income of officials
    -  Contribution of officials to pension scheme
9.  TYPE OF CONTROL FORESEEN :
    -  Scientific controls : ACPM
                             Officials appointed by DG XII
    -  Administrative controls :
       .  Budget implementation : Directorate-General for Financial
                                    Control
       .  Regularity of expenditure : Directorate-General for
                                        Financial Control and Contract
                                        Department of DG XII.
                                  5