CELEX: 51993PC0217
Language: en
Date: 1993-05-26
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the minimum level of training for maritime occupations

COVIVIISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMVttJNITIES
                                       C0MC93) 217  final
                                       Brussels, 26 May 1993
                        Proposal for a
                      COUNCIL PIRECTIVE
             on the minimum level of training for
                     maritime occupations
                (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 2
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
I .    INTRODUCTION
1.  In its programme of measures to improve operating conditions for
    Community shipping, the Commission stressed the importance of training
    for seafarers and the mutual recognition of seafarers' certificates. 1
     In its conclusions the extraordinary meeting of the (Environment and
    Transport) Council on 25 January underlined the importance of the human
    element   in the safe operation of ships and the need for minimum
    standards for the training of the crews of Community ships. 2     These two
    factors are dealt with in more detail    in the Communication on a Common
    Policy on Safe Seas adopted by the Commission     in February. 3
2.   In December 1988 the Council adopted a Directive on a general system for
    the recognition of higher-education diplomas awarded on completion of
    professional education and training of at least three years' duration.
    This applies to all regulated professions for which higher education of
    at least three years' duration is required and which are not covered by
    a specific Directive. 4   This Directive covers masters and officers.
 1   A future for the Community shipping industry:      measures to improve the
     operating conditions of Community shipping (C0M(89)266 final, points 91
     to 96;   OJ C 263 of 16 October 1989).
 2   Extraordinary meeting of the (Environment and Transport) Council in
     Brussels on 25 January.    Doc. 4009/93 (Press 8 ) .
 3   A Common Policy on Safe Seas (C0M(93) 66 of 24 February 1993).
 4   Council Directive 89/48/EEC of 21 December 1988 (OJ L 19 of
     24 January 1989).
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 3 -
In June 1992 the Council adopted a second Directive extending recognition to
diploma and certificate holders not covered by the Council Directive of
21 December 1988 and to non-diploma holders with professional experience.
This Directive also applies to the maritime transport sector1 covering
occupations not governed by the first Directive.
However, mutual recognition of diplomas under these general systems will not
guarantee a minimum appropriate level of training for all seafarers serving
on vessels flying the flag of a Member State.     Yet this is vital for
safeguarding human life and property at sea and for the protection of the
marine environment.
 I I.   TRAINING OF SEAFARERS
3.    Since shipping is essentially an international activity, aspects
      concerning safety at sea, working conditions and seafarer training are
      largely governed by the regulations of international organizations such
      as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International
      Labour Organization (ILO).   A whole body of international  law on
      training for different categories of seafarer and the issuing of
      competency certificates for such seafarers exists.   This includes:
(a) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
      Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), IMO 1978;
(b) ILO Officers' Competency Certificates Convention,     1936 (No 53);
1     Council Directive 92/51/EEC of 18 June 1992 on a second general system
      for the recognition of professional education and training to supplement
      Dir-ective 89/48/EEC (OJ L 209 of 24 July 1992).
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 4 -
(c) ILO Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 (No 74);
(d) ILO Certification of Ship's Cooks Convention, 1946 (No 69);
(e) ILO Recommendation 137 concerning Vocational Training of Seafarers,
    1970;
(f) ILO Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention 1987
    (No 164);
(g) Document for guidance, 1985:   An International Maritime Training Guide,
    ILO/IMO.
    With regard to the STCW Convention, the Council adopted in December 1978
    a Résolution^1) inviting Member States to ratify the Convention.
     It should be noted that, even though these Conventions have been
    ratified by the Member States, they are not always applied in the same
    way in practice, and that such international conventions may be
    un iIateraI I y denounced.
4.  The extraordinary meeting of the   Environment and Transport   Council on
    25 January which discussed shipping safety and the prevention of marine
    pollution underlined the need for international rules of relevance to
    shipping safety to be strictly applied in the Community.    It would like
    to adopt minimum vocational training requirements at Community   level and
    called on the Commission to propose, inter alia, specific measures to
    improve vocational training of seafarers since human error was still the
    main factor in accidents at sea.   The Council also called for seafarers
    serving on vessels carrying passengers or hazardous or polluting cargoes
    to have an appropriate knowledge of languages in order to be able to
    take effective action in the event of an accident.
(1) O.J. N* 33 of 8.2.1979
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 5
GROUNDS FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
5.  In its Communication on a Common Policy for Safe Seas which has been
    sent to the Council, Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee,
    the Commission starkly concludes that some 60% of accidents at sea are
    due to human error although the lack of proper communication on board
    ships, often owing to language problems, is another major cause of
    accidents.
6.  No solution to these problems has yet been found by either the
     international organizations or, at national  level, the Member States.
    Because of the multinational mix of crews serving on vessels operating
     in Community waters it is even more essential that vocational training
    and linguistic proficiency requirements be introduced.
    Such requirements must apply equally to seafarers from the Community as
    to those from non-Community countries.    If shipping safety is to be
     improved, all crews serving on vessels operating in Community waters
    must satisfy the professional competence standards laid down under
     international  law and, in particular, the IMO's STCW Convention.
7.   In the Commission's view, the IMO has not tackled the crucial aspect of
    effective policing of international regulations on seafarer training.
            Tr~
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 6
    The 1978 STCW Convention, which has so far been ratified by 93
    countries, does not provide for any ways of enforcing compliance by the
    Contracting Parties with the minimum requirements on seafarer training.
    Given the scale of the problem it is only at Community level that an
    effective response can be provided.
     In effect such an action is justified to the extent that by using the
     instrument of the Community directive one could guarantee by means of
    the Community law the uniform application of the matter in a more
    efficient way.
    Furthermore, the extraordinary meeting of the Council on 25 January
    requested the Commission to speedily table proposals on seafarer
    training to help improve shipping safety and prevent marine pollution in
    the Community.
ANALYSIS OF THE MEASURES PROPOSED
8.  The Commission proposes for the Community a system of minimum training
    standards, based on international rules defined in the IMO's Convention
    on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers,
    and including language tuition, for seamen serving on passenger ships or
    ships carrying hazardous or polluting cargos.   The proposed Directive
    defines the minimum level of training for masters, officers, ratings and
     Iifeboatmen.
    From 1995 all Member States will be required to issue a vocational
    competence certificate to seafarers under the terms of the proposed
    Directive which is based on the IMO's STCW Convention.
 ---pagebreak---                                       - 7-
9.   Since shipping is essentially an international activity the problem
     posed by the nationality mix of ships' crews needs to be addressed by
     this Di rect ive.
     The Commission considers steps must be taken to ensure that the level of
     training of crews made up of non-Community nationals serving on ships
     operating in the Community  is commensurate with international vocational
     training standards.   In its view, agreements should be concluded between
     the Community and the non-Community countries concerned to ensure
     appropriate training is given to non-Community seafarers;    this will
     create a level playing field for all crews working in the Community.
10. In the case of vessels flying non-Community flags crewed by nationals of
      non-Community countries which have not concluded any agreement with the
     Community, the Commission suggests that they should be inspected as a
     matter of priority, in Community ports to check that the level of
      training and competence of their crews matches international standards.
      Appropriate measures will be taken by Member States.   If it is found
      that a crew's level of training is below standard, the vessel on which
      it is serving may be detained.
 III.   CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of the proposed Directive is to:
 (a) ensure appropriate training is given to masters, officers, ratings and
      persons designated to be responsible for survival craft (Iifeboatmen)
      serving on vessels registered  in the Community in the interests of
      safety of navigation and protection of the environment;
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 8 -
   (b) promote appropriate linguistic proficiency among crews of passenger
       vessels or vessels carrying hazardous or polluting cargoes;
   (c) take steps to ensure that non-Community crews working in the Community
       also have the appropriate qualification required under international
       law.
       The proposed Directive lays down minimum training standards for maritime
       occupations according to category of vessel;   these are based on the
       requirements defined in the IMO's 1978 International Convention on
       Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
       which has been adopted and ratified by all Member States with merchant
       f leets.
        Its vocational training standards are no higher than those of the IMO
       except with regard to linguistic proficiency in the case of crews
       serving on passenger vessels or vessels carrying hazardous or polluting
       cargoes, on which no international regulations have yet been adopted.
i)
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 9 -
            Proposal for a Council Directive on the minimum level
                    of training for maritime occupations
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,
and in particular Article 84(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,1
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament,2
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee,3
Whereas the standards for the award of vocational competency certificates to
seafarers vary from one Member State to another;  whereas such a diversity
of national laws in the area of training covered by this Directive does not
ensure the consistent level of training required in the interests of
shipping safety;
Whereas Council Directives 89/48/EEC4 and 92/51/EEC5 on the general
systems for the recognition of professional education and training apply to
maritime occupations covered by this Directive;  whereas they will help
promote compliance with the obligations laid down in the Treaty abolishing
obstacles to the free movement of persons and services between Member
States;
 1
 2
 3
 4   OJ No L 19, 24.1.1989.
 5   OJ NO L 209, 24.7.1992
 ---pagebreak---                                      - 10 -
Whereas the mutual recognition of diplomas and certificates provided for
under the general systems does not, however, always ensure a standardized
level of training for all seafarers serving on board vessels flying the flag
of a Member State and/or Euros;    whereas this is, however, vital from the
viewpoint of shipping safety;
Whereas it is therefore essential to define a minimum level of training for
seafarers in the Community;
Whereas, in view of the particular nature of the transport of hazardous or
polluting cargoes or passengers by sea and the hazards involved in such
operations, the conditions under which such operations are effected should
be improved in order to safeguard human life and protect the marine
environment;   whereas persons serving on board such ships should be required
to have an adequate knowledge of languages;
Whereas action at Community level is required to attain this objective since
 individual measures undertaken or planned by Member States do not provide a
satisfactory solution;
Whereas account should be taken of the existing body of international law on
maritime training and qualifications, and in particular the 1978
 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW); 1
Whereas measures should be taken to ensure that seafarers from third
countries have a level of competence commensurate with that required by
 international conventions in this area,
 1    1978 International Conference on Training and Certification of
     Seafarers, IMO, London 1978.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 11 -
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
                                  Article 1
For the purpose of this Directive:
(a) 'master' means the person in command of a ship;
(b) 'officer' means the member of a ship's complement other than the master
    appointed to this post in accordance with national  laws or regulations
    or, where they do not exist, in accordance with collective agreement or
    pract ice-,
(c) "deck officer" means a qualified officer in the deck department;
(d) "chief mate" means the deck officer next in rank to the master and upon
    whom the command of the ship will fall in the event of the incapacity of
    the master ;
(e) "engineer officer" means a qualified officer in the engine department;
(f) "chief engineer officer" means a senior engineer officer, responsible
    for the mechanical propulsion of the ship;
(g) "second engineer officer" means the engineer officer next in rank to the
    chief engineer officer upon whom the responsibility for the mechanical
    propulsion of the ship will fall in the event of the incapacity of the
    chief engineer officer;
(h) "assistant engineer officer" means a person under training to become an
    engineer officer and designated as such by national law or regulations.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 12 -
(i) "radio officer" means a person holding a first class or second class
    radiotelegraph operator's certificate or a radiocommunication operator's
    general certificate for the maritime mobile service issued under the
    provisions of the Radio Regulations, who is employed in the
    radiotelegraph station of a ship which is required to have such a
    station by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea-,
(j) "radiotelephone officer" means a person holding an appropriate
    certificate issued under the provisions of the Radio Regulations;
(k) "rating" and person designated to be responsible for a survival craft
    ('Iifeboatman') means any member of a ship's complement other than the
    master or officers;
(I) "sea-going ship" means any ship other than ships which navigate
    exclusively in inland waters or in waters within, or closely adjacent
    to, areas where port regulations apply;
(m) "hazardous cargo" means the goods defined in the International Maritime
    Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), in Chapter 19 of the IGS Code and
    Chapter 17 of the IBC Code;
(n) "polluting cargoes" means:
           hydrocarbons as defined in Annex 1 to the MARPOL Convention;
           noxious liquid substances as defined in Annex II to the MARPOL
           Convent ion;
           harmful substances as defined in Annex I I I to the MARPOL
           Convent ion;
(o) "seafarers" means any persons serving on board a sea-going ship.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 13 -
                                  Art icle 2
This Directive shall apply to seafarers serving on board ships registered in
a Member State of the Community and/or the Community Euros register with the
except ion of :
    warships, naval auxiliaries or other ships owned or operated by a Member
    State and engaged only on government non-commercial service;
    all fishing vessels;
    pleasure yachts not engaged in trade.
                                  Article 3
Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that masters,
officers, ratings and persons designated to be responsible for survival
craft (Iifeboatmen) who intend to serve on a ship flying a Member State's
flag and/or a EUROS flag hold a vocational competence certificate awarded or
recognized by the authority or body designated for this purpose by each
Member State showing that they have successfully completed training relevant
to the occupation they wish to exercise on board the vessel.
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 14 -
                                  Article 4
Vocational competence certificate means any valid document, whatever its
title, issued by or under the authority of the competent authority of a
Member State or recognized by the authority, authorizing the holder to serve
as stated in this document or as authorized by national regulations, where
this document certifies a minimum level of training for each occupation
pursuant to the provisions of this Directive.
                                   Art icle 5
1.  The training which the masters, officers, ratings and Iifeboatmen
                              require in order to obtain a vocational
    competence certificate shall be given in the form of one or more
     theoretical courses, and service at sea, accompanied by practical
    exercises, and approved by the competent authority or the body
    designated by each Member State.
2.  This training must cover the minimum requirements defined in the IMO
     1978 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification
     and Watchkeeping of Seafarers (STCW) The minimum requirements are those
    described in the Annexes to this Directive, in particular :
     for masters and chief mates of ships of 200 gross register tons or more,
     the requirements laid down in Annex I, Regulations 11/1 II/2, II/5, II/7
     and II/8;
     for officers in charge of a navigational watch and masters of ships of
     less than 200 gross register tons, the requirements laid down in
    Annex I, Regulations 11/1, II/3, II/5, ll/7and II/8;
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 15 -
for officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross
register tons or more, the requirements laid down in Annex I,
Regulations 11/1 II/4, II/5, ll/7and II/8;
for chief engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships
powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or
more, the requirements laid down in Annex II, Régulât ions I I 1/1, I I I/2
and M l / 5 ;
for chief engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships
powered by main propulsion machinery between 750 kW and 3 000 kW
propulsion power, the requirements laid down in Annex II,
Regulations ill/1, M l / 3 and M l / 5 ;
for engineer officers in charge of a watch in a conventionally manned
engine room or designated duty engineer officers in a periodically
unmanned engine room, the requirements laid down in Annex  M,
Regulations M l / 1 , M l / 4 and M l / 5 ;
for radio officers, the requirements laid down in Annex III, Regulations
IV/1 and IV/2;
for radiotelephone operators, the requirements laid down in Annex IV,
Regulation IV/3;
for masters, officers and ratings of oil tankers, chemical tankers and
liquified gas tankers, the requirements laid down in Annex V,
Regulations V/1, V/2 and V/3;
for ratings forming part of a navigational watch, the requirements laid
down in Annex II, Regulation II/6;
 ---pagebreak---                                        - 16 -
        for ratings forming part of an engine room watch, the requirements laid
        down in Annex III, Regulation M l / 6 ;
        for persons designated to be responsible for survival craft
        (Iifeboatmen), the requirements laid down in Annex VI, Regulation VI/1.
    2.  Member States shall ensure that the provisions of Council Directive
    92/29/EEC of 31 March 1992 on the minimum safety and health requirements for
    improved medical treatment on board vessels, 1 and in particular Article 5
    thereof, are applied as part of the training provided for in paragraph 1.
    3.  Paragraph 1 shall apply without prejudice to more favourable Community
    provisions on safety and health at work, in particular Council Directive
    89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 and its implementing Directives. 2
    4.  To obtain a vocational competence certificate, candidates must pass an
    examination approved by the competent authority of a Member State, which
    shall ensure that all examiners are independent.
                                      Article 6
    1.  Member States designate the authority or the body which can give the
    training referred to in Article 5.
    2.  Member States designate the authority or the body which grant the
    certificates and attest the success to the examination mentioned in
    Article 5.
     1   OJ No L 113, 30.4.1992, p.19.
     2   OJ N* L 183, 29.6.1989
(3)
 ---pagebreak---                                     - 17 -
                                  Art icle 7
1.   Member States shall ensure that, on board passenger ships or ships
operating scheduled passenger and vehicle services starting and/or finishing
a voyage in a Member State port, the master, officers, ratings and
Iifeboatmen are able to communicate with each other.   All members of the
crew nominated to assist passengers in emergency situation, shall be able to
communicate in the language(s) appropriate to the majority of passengers
carried on a particular route.
2.   Member States shall ensure that, on board oiI tankers, liquified gas
tankers and chemical tankers, the master, officers and ratings receive
appropriate training so that all members of the ship's crew can communicate
 in a common language.
                                   Article 8
Member States may grant a vocational competence certificate to masters,
officers, ratings and lifeboatmen who apply therefor for the first time
within six months preceding the date on which this Directive is implemented,
without having followed the course and having sat the examination provided
for in Article 5, on condition that they provide proof that they have been
serving on ships for at least twelve months during the five years preceding
the date of entry into force of this Directive.
                                  Art icle 9
1.   Seafarers who are not nationals of a Member State and do not possess the
vocational competence certificate provided for in Article 3 may be allowed
to serve on ships flying a Member State's flag provided a mutually
satisfactory agreement has been concluded between the Community and the
third counties of which the seafarers concerned are nationals.   A mutually
satisfactory agreement means an agreement which guarantees the parties
concerned observance and genuine and full implementation of the provisions
of the IMO's STCW Convention incorporated in this Directive.
 ---pagebreak---                                    - 18 -
2.  Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that ships
flying a third country flag with crews from one or more third countries
which have ratified the Convention and they have not concluded an agreement
with the Community, are inspected, as a matter of priority, by the competent
authority of the port state to ensure that the level of vocational training
and competence of their crews meets the standards laid down in the IMO's
STCW Convent ion.
3.  Member States shall take appropriate steps, including the detention of a
ship, if the port authorities discover in the course of an inspection that
crews are unable to provide proof of professional proficiency for the duties
assigned to them on board the ship.
                                 Art icle 10
1.  Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and
administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive no later
than 1 January 1995.
2.  When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a
reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference at the
time of their official publication.   The relevant procedure shall be adopted
by Member States.
3.  Member States communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions
they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.
                                 Article 11
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
Done at Brussels,                                For the Council
                                                 The President
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak--- A N N E X E S
            19
 ---pagebreak---                                       ANNEX           I
                            MASTER - DÉCKDEPARTMENT
                                   Regulation     II/1
                     Basic Principles to be Observed in Keeping
                               a Navigational Watch
      Member S t a t e s
1.       /    shalldirect the attention of shipowners, ship operators, masters and
watchkeeping personnel to the following principles which shall be observed to
ensure that a safe navigational watch is maintained at all times.
2.    The master of every ship is bound to ensure that watchkeeping
arrangements are adequate for maintaining a safe navigational watch. Under the
master's general direction, the officers of the watch are responsible for navigatin'g
the ship safely during their periods of duty when they will be particularly
concerned with avoiding collision and stranding.
3.    The basic principles, including but not limited to the following, shall be
taken into account on all ships.
4.    Watch arrangements
(a) The composition of the watch shall at all times be adequate and
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions and shall take into
account the need for maintaining a proper look-out.
(b) When deciding the composition of the watch on the bridge which may
include appropriate deck ratings, the following factors, inter alia, shall be taken
into account:
        (i) at no time shall the bridge be left unattended;
       (ii) weather conditions, visibility and whether there is daylight or
            darkness;
      (iii) proximity of navigational hazards which may make it necessary for
            the officer in charge of the watch to carry out additional navigational
            duties;
      (iv) use and operational condition of navigational aids such as radar or
            electronic position-indicating devices and any other equipment
            affecting the safe navigation of the ship;
       (v) whether the ship is fitted with automatic steering;
      (vi) any unusual demands on the navigational watch that may arise as a
            result of special operational circumstances.
                                          20
 ---pagebreak--- 5.     Fitness for duty
       The watch system shall be such that the efficiency of watchkeeping officers
 and watchkeeping ratings is not impaired by fatigue. Duties shall be so organized
that <he first watch at the commencement of a voyage and the subsequent
relieving watches are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty.
6.     Navigation
(a) The intended voyage shall be planned in advance taking into consideration
all pertinent information and any course laid down shall be checked before the
voyage commences.
(b) During the watch the course steered, position and speed shall be checked at
sufficiently frequent intervals, using any available navigational aids necessary, to
ensure that the ship follows the planned course.
(c) The officer of the watch shall have full knowledge of the location and
operation of all safety and navigational equipment on board the ship and shall be
aware and take account of the operating limitations of such equipment.
(d) The officer in charge of a navigational watch shall not be assigned or
undertake any duties which would interfere with the safe navigation of the ship.
7.     Navigational equipment
(a) The officer of the watch shall make the most effective use of all navigational
equipment at his disposal.
(b) When using radar, the officer of the watch shall bear in mind the necessity
to comply at all times with the provisions on the use of radar contained in the
applicable regulations for preventing collisions at sea.
(c) In cases of need the officer of the watch shall not hesitate to use the helm,
engines and sound signalling apparatus.
8.     Navigational duties and responsibilities
(a)   The officer in charge of the watch shall:
         (i). keep his watch on the bridge which hie shall in no circumstances leave
              until properly relieved;
        (ii) continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the ship, despite
              the presence of the master on the bridge, until the master informs him
              specifically that he has assumed that responsibility and this is
              mutually understood;
       (iii) notify the master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the
              interest of safety;
       (iv) not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if he has reason to
              believe that the latter is obviously not capable of carrying out his
              duties effectively, in which case he shall notify the master accordingly.
(b) On taking over the watch the relieving officer shall satisfy himself as to the
ship's estimated or true position and confirm its intended track, course and speed
and shall note any dangers to navigation expected to be encountered during his
watch.
                                                21
 ---pagebreak--- (c) A proper record shall be kept of the movements and activities during the
watch relating to the navigation of the ship.
9.     Look-out
       In addition to maintaining a proper look-out for the purpose of fully
appraising the situation and the risk of collision, stranding and other dangers to
navigation, the duties of the look-out shall include the detection of ships or
aircraft in distress, shipwrecked persons, wrecks and debris. In maintaining a
look-out the following shall be observed:
       (a)   the look-out must be able to give full attention to the keeping of a
             proper look-out and no other duties shall be undertaken or assigned
             which could interfere with that task;
       (b)   the duties of the look-out and helmsman are separate and the
             helmsman shall not be considered to be the look-out while steering,
             except in small ships where an unobstructed all-round view is
             provided at the steering position and there is no impairment of night
             vision or other impediment to the keeping of a proper look-out. The
             officer in charge of the watch may be the sole look-out in daylight
             provided that on each such occasion:
               (i) the situation has been carefully assessed and it has been
                    established without doubt that it is safe to do so;
              (ii) full account has been taken of all relevant factors including, but
                    not limited to:
                    - state of weather
                    - visibility
                    - traffic density
                    - proximity of danger to navigation
                    - the attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic
                       separation schemes;
             (iii) assistance is immediately" available to be summoned to the
                    bridge when any change in the situation so requires.
  10.  Navigation with pilot embarked
       Despite the duties and obligations of a pilot, his presence on board does not
 relieve the master or officer in charge of the watch from their duties and
 obligations for the safety of the ship. The master and the pilot shall exchange
 information regarding navigation procedures, local conditions and the ship's
characteristics. The master and officer of the watch shall co-operate closely with
 the pilot and maintain an accurate check of the ship's position and movement.
 11.   Protection of the marine environment
       The master and officer in charge of the watch shall be aware of the serious
effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall
take all possible precautions to.prevent such pollution, particularly within the
framework of relevant international and port regulations.
                                         22
 ---pagebreak---                                        Regulation II/2
                    Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification
                           of Masters and Chief Mates of Ships of
                              200 Gross Register Tons or More
    Master and chief mate of ships of 1 600 gross register tons or more
    1.    Every master and chief mate of a sea-going ship of 1 600 gross register tons
    or more shall hold an appropriate certificate.
    2.    Every candidate for certification shall:
          (a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
                regarding eyesight and hearing;
          (b) meet the requirements for certification as an officer in charge of a
                navigational watch on ships of 200 gross register tons or more and
                have approved sea-going service in that capacity:
                                        1
               • (i)  for certification as chief mate, not less than 18 months;
                      however, this period may be reduced to not less than 12 months
                      if the Administration requires special training which it
                      considers to be equivalent to at least six months' service as
                      officer in charge of a navigational watch;
                (ii) for certification as master, not less than 36 months; however,
                      this period may be reduced to not less than 24 months if not less
                      than 12 months of such sea-going service has been served as
                      chief mate, or if the Administration requires special training
                      which it considers to be equivalent to such service;
          (c)   have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the
                Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out
                in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration
                may vary these examination requirements for masters, and chief
                mates of ships of limited size engaged on near-coastal voyages, as it
                considers necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all
                ships whicji may be operating in the same waters.
    Master and chief mate of ships of between 200 and 1 600 gross register tons
    3.    Every master and chief mate of a sea-going ship of between 200 and 1 600
    gross register tons shall hold an appropriate certificate.
    4.    Every candidate for certification shall:
          (a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
                regarding eyesight and hearing;
          (b) (i) for certification as chief mate, meet the requirements of an
                      officer in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross
                      register tons or more;
                 (ii) for certification as master, meet the requirements of an officer
                       in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross register
                       tons or more and have approved sea-going service in that
                       capacity of not less than 36 months; however, this period may
                                              23
(4)
 ---pagebreak---                     be reduced to not less than 24 months if not less than 12 months
                    of such sea-going service has been served as chief mate, or if the
                    Administration requires special training which it considers to
                    be equivalent to such service;
       (c)    have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the
              Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out
              in the Appendix, except that the Administration may vary these
              examination requirements for masters and chief mates of ships
              engaged on near-coastal voyages, as it considers appropriate, to
              exclude such material as is not applicable to the waters or ships
              concerned, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which
              may be operating in the same waters.
General
5.     The level of knowledge required under the difFerent headings of the
Appendix may be varied-according to whether the certificate is being issued at
master or chief mate level, and according to whether the certificate or certificates
is applicable to ships of 1 600 gross register tons or more, or to ships of between
200 and 1 600 gross register tons.
                            APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/2
                  Minimum knowledge required for certification of
                     masters and chief mates of ships of 200 gross
                                 register tons or more
1.     The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for
certification as master or chief mate of ships of 200 gross register tons or more. It
is intended to expand and extend in depth the subjects contained in Regulation
II/4 - "Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Officers in
Charge of a Navigational Watch on Ships of 200 Gross Register Tons or More".
Bearing in mind that a master has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the
ship, its passengers, crew and cargo, and that a chief mate shall be in a position to
assume that responsibility at any time, examination in these subjects shall be
designed to test their ability to assimilate all available information that affects the
safety of the ship.
2.     Navigation and position determination
(a)    Voyage planning and navigation for all conditions:
          (i) by acceptable methods of plotting ocean tracks;
         (ii) within restricted waters;
       (iii) in ice;
        (iv) in restricted visibility;
         (v) in traffic separation schemes;
        (vi) in areas of extensive tidal effects.
(b)     Position determination:
          (i) by celestial observations, including the use of sun, stars, moon and
               planets;
                                           24
 ---pagebreak---         (ii) by terrestrial observations, including the ability to use bearings from
             landmarks and aids to navigation such as lighthouses, beacons and
             buoys in conjunction with appropriate charts, notices to mariners
             and other publications to assess the accuracy of the resulting position
             fix;
       (iii) using all modern ship electronic navigational aids to the satisfaction
             of the Administration, with specific knowledge of their operating
             principles, limitations, sources of error, detection of misre-
             presentation of information and methods of correction to obtain
              accurate position fixing.
3.     Watchkeeping
(a) Demonstrate thorough knowledge of content, application and intent of the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, including those
Annexes concerned with safe navigation.
(b) Demonstrate knowledge of Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be
Observed in Keeping a Navigational Watch".
4.     Radar equipment
       Demonstrate in conjunction with the use of radar simulator or, when not
available, manoeuvring board, knowledge of the fundamentals of radar and
ability in the operation and use of radar, and in the interpretation and analysis of
information obtained from this equipment, including:
       (a) factors affecting performance and accuracy;
       (b) setting up and maintaining displays;
       (c) detection of misrepresentation of information, false echoes, sea
             return, etc;
       (d) range and bearing;
       (e) identification of critical echoes;
       (f) course and speed of other ships;
       (g) time and distance of closest approach of crossing, meeting or
             overtaking ships;
       (h) detecting course and speed changes of other ships;
       (i) effect of changes in own ship's course or speed or both;
       (j)   application of the International Regulations for Preventing Col-
             lisions at Sea.
 5.    Compasses - magnetic and gyro
       Ability to determine and correct the errors of the magnetic and gyro-
compasses and knowledge of the means for correcting such errors.
 6.    Meteorology and oceanography
(a) Demonstrate the ability to understand and interpret a synoptic chart and to
 forecast area weather, taking into account local weather conditions.
                                          25
 ---pagebreak--- (b) Knowledge of the characteristics of various weather systems, including
tropical revolving storms and avoidance of storm centres and the dangerous
quadrants.
(c) Knowledge of ocean current systems.
(d) Ability to use all appropriate navigational publications on tides and
currents, including those in the English language.
(e) Ability to calculate tidal conditions.
7.    Ship manoeuvring and handling
      Manoeuvring and handling of a ship in all conditions, including the
following:
      (a) manoeuvres when approaching pilot vessels or stations with due
             regard to weather, tide, headreach and stopping distances;
      (b) handling a ship in rivers, estuaries, etc., having regard to the effects of
             current, wind and restricted water on the response to the helm;
      (c) manoeuvring in shallow water, including the reduction in keel
             clearance due to the effect of squat1, rolling and pitching;
      (d) interaction between passing ships and between own ship and nearby
             banks (canal effect);
      (e) berthing and unberthing under various conditions of wind and tide
             with and without tugs;
      (0     choice of anchorage; anchoring with one or two anchors in limited
             anchorages and factors involved in determining the length of anchor
             cable to be used;
      (g) dragging; clearing fouled anchors;
      (h) dry-docking, both with and without damage;
      (i) management and handling of ships in heavy weather, including
             assisting a ship or aircraft in distress, towing operations, means of
             keeping an unmanageable ship out of a sea trough, lessening drift and
             use of oil;
      0)     precautions in manoeuvring for launching boats or liferafts in bad
             weather;
      (k) methods of taking on board survivors from lifeboats or liferafts;
      (1) ability to determine the manoeuvring and engine characteristics of
             major types of ships with special reference to stopping distances and
             turning circles at various draughts and speeds;
      (m) the importance of navigating at reduced speed to avoid damage
             caused by own ship's bow or stern wave;
      (n) practical measures to be taken when navigating in ice or conditions of
             ice accumulation on board;
      (o) the use of, and manoeuvring in, traffic separation schemes.
 Squat:  the decrease in clearance beneath a ship which occurs when the ship moves through the
         water and is caused both by bodily sinkage and by change of trim. The effect is accentuated
         in shallow water and is reduced with a reduction in ship's speed.
 ---pagebreak--- 8.       Ship stability1, construction and damage control
(a) Understanding fundamental principles of ship construction and the
 theories and factors affecting trim and stability and measures necessary to
 preserve safe trim and stability.
 (b) Knowledge of the effect on trim and stability of a ship in the event of
damage to and consequent flooding of a compartment and counter measures to
 be taken.
 (c) Demonstrate use of stability, trim and stress tables, diagrams and stress
calculating equipment, including knowledge of loading cargoes and ballasting in
 order to keep hull stresses within acceptable limits.
 (d) General knowledge of the principal structural members ofa ship and the
 proper names of the various parts.
 (e)     Knowledge of IMCO recommendations concerning ship stability.
 9.      Ship po wer plan ts
 (a)     Operating principles of marine power plants.
 (b)     Ships' auxiliary machinery.
 (c)     General knowledge of marine engineering terms.
10.     Cargo handling and stowage
(a) The stowage and securing of cargoes on board ships, including cargo gear.
(b) Loading and discharging operations, with special regard to loading and
discharging of heavy weights.
(c) International regulations and recommendations relating to the carriage of
cargoes, in particular the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
(IMDG).
(d) Carriage of dangerous goods; precautions to be taken during loading and
discharging operations and the care of dangerous goods during a voyage.
(e) Working knowledge of contents and application of current relevant tanker
safety guides.
(0 Working knowledge of commonly used cargo piping and pumping
arrangements.
(g) Terms and definitions used to describe properties of common oil cargoes,
such as crude oil, middle distillates, naphtha.
(h) Pollution regulations; ballasting, tank cleaning and gas freeing operations.
(i)     Load-on-top procedures.
 11.     Fire prevention andfire-fighting appliances
(a)     Organization of fire drills.
(b)     Classes and chemistry of fire.
2
     Masters and chief mates serving on small ships shall be fully acquainted with the basic stability
     requirements of such ships.
                                                27
 ---pagebreak--- (c)   Fire-fighting systems.
(d)   Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course.
(e)   Knowledge of regulations concerning fire-fighting equipment.
 12.  Emergency procedures
(a)   Precautions when beaching a ship.
(b)   Action to be taken prior to, and after, grounding.
(c)   Floating a grounded ship, with and without assistance.
(d)   Action to be taken following a collision.
(e)   Temporary plugging of leaks.
(0    Measures for the protection and safety of passengers and crew in
      emergencies.
 (g)  Limiting damage and salving the ship following a fire or explosion.
 (h)  Abandoning ship.
 (i)  Emergency steering, rigging and use of jury steering and the means of
      rigging a jury rudder, where practicable.
(j)   Rescuing persons from a ship in distress or from a wreck.
(k)   Man-overboard procedures.
 13.  Medical care
      A thorough knowledge of the use of the contents of the following
publications:
      (a) International Medical Guide for Ships or equivalent national
            publications;
      (b) Medical section of the International Code of Signals;
      (c) Medical First Aid Guide For Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous
            Goods.
 14.  Maritime law
(a) A knowledge of international maritime law as embodied in international
agreements and conventions as they affect the specific obligations and
responsibilities of the master, particularly those concerning safety and the
protection of the marine environment. Regard shall be paid especially to the
following subjects:
        (i) certificates and other documents required to be carried on board
            ships by international conventions, how they may be obtained and
            the period of their legal validity;
       (ii) responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International
            Convention on Load Lines;
      (iii) responsibilities under the relevant requirements of the International
            Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea;
                                          28
 ---pagebreak---         (iv) responsibilities under international conventions for the prevention of
             pollution from ships;
         (v) maritime declarations of health; the requirements of the In-
             ternational Health Regulations;
        (vi) responsibilities under the Convention on the International Re-
             gulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea;
       (vii) responsibilities under other international instruments affecting the
             safety of the ship, passengers, crew and cargo.
(b) The extent of knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the
discretion of the Administration but shall include national arrangements for
implementing international agreements and conventions.
 15.   Personnel management and training responsibilities
       A knowledge of personnel management, organization and training aboard
ships.
16.    Communications
(a) Ability to transmit and receive messages by morse light and to use the
International Code of Signals; where the Administration has examined
candidates in these subjects at the lower levels of certification, they may have the
option of not re-examining in these subjects for certification as master.
(b) Knowledge of procedures used in radiotelephone communications and
ability to use radiotelephones, in particular with respect to distress, urgency,
safety and navigational messages.
(c) A knowledge of the procedures for emergency distress signals by
radiotelegraphy as prescribed in the Radio Regulations.
 17.   Life-saving
       A thorough knowledge of life-saving appliance regulations (International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea), organization of abandon ship drills,
lifeboats, liferafts and other life-saving equipment.
 18.   Search and rescue
       A thorough knowledge of the IMCO Merchant Ship Search and Rescue
Manual (MERSAR).
 19.    Methods for demonstration of proficiency
 (a)    Navigation
        Demonstrate the use of sextant, pelorus, azimuth mirror and ability to plot
 position, course, bearings.
 (b) International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
         (i) use of small models displaying proper signals or lights, or navigation
              light simulator;
                                           29
 ---pagebreak---        (ii) manoeuvring board or radar simulator.
(c) Radar
        (i) radar simulator; or
       (ii) manoeuvring boards.
(d) Fire-fighting
       Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course.
(e) Communications
       Visual and vocal practical test.
(0      Life-saving
       Launching and handling of lifeboats and other life-saving appliances,
including the donning of life-jackets.
                                      Regulation II/3
            Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Officers
                 in Charge of a Navigational Watch and of Masters of
                       Ships of Less than 200 Gross Register Tons
 1.    Ships not engaged on near-coastal voyages
(a) Every master serving on a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register tons
not engaged on near-coastal voyages shall hold a certificate recognized by the
 Administration for service as master of ships of between 200 and 1 600 gross
 register tons.
 (b) Every officer in charge of a navigational watch serving on a sea-going ship
 of less than 200 gross register tons not engaged on near-coastal voyages shall
 hold an appropriate certificate for ships of 200 gross register tons or more.
 2.    Ships engaged on near-coastal voyages
 (a)    Master
        (i) Every master serving in a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register
              tons engaged on near-coastal voyages shall hold an appropriate
              certificate.
       (ii) Every candidate for certification shall:
              (1) be not less than 20 years of age;
              (2) have approved sea-going service of not less than 12 months as
                     officer in charge of a navigational watch;
              (3) satisfy the Administration that he possesses adequate know-
                     ledge appropriate to his duties on the ships concerned which
                     shall include the subjects contained in the Appendix to this
                     Regulation.
 (b)    OJficer in charge of a navigational watch
         (i) Every officer in charge of a navigational watch on a sea-going ship of
              less than 200 gross register tons engaged on near-coastal voyages
                                             30
 ---pagebreak---              shall hold an appropriate certificate,
      (ii)   Every candidate for certification shall:
             (1) be not less than 18 years of age;
             (2) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
                      regarding eyesight and hearing;
             (3) satisfy the Administration that he has:
                     - successfully undergone special training, including an ade-
                          quate period of appropriate sea-going service as required by
                          the Administration; or
                     - completed approved sea-going service in the deck depart-
                          ment of not less than three years;
             (4) satisfy the Administration that he possesses adequate know-
                      ledge appropriate to his duties on the ships concerned, which
                     shall include the subjects contained in the Appendix.
3.    Training
      Training to achieve the necessary knowledge and practical experience shall
be based on Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be Observed in Keeping a
Navigational Watch" and relevant international regulations and recom-
mendations.
4.    Exemptions
      The Administration, if it considers that a ship's size and the conditions of
its voyage are such as to render the application of the full requirements of this
Regulation and its Appendix unreassable or impracticable, may to that extent
exempt the master and the officer in charge of a navigational watch on such a ship
or class of ships from some of the requirements, bearing in mind the safety of all
ships which may be operating in the same waters.
                              APPENDIX TO REGULATION 11/3
            Minimum knowledge required for certification of officers in
           charge of a navigational watch and of masters of ships of less
                                than 200 gross register tons
      (a)    Knowledge of the following:
                 (i) coastal navigation and, to the extent required, celestial
                     navigation;
                (ii) International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea;
               (iii) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG);
               (iv)  magnetic compass;
                (v)  radiotelephony and visual signalling;
               (vi)  fire prevention and fire-fighting appliances;
              (vii)   life-saving;
                                             31
 ---pagebreak---             (viii) emergency procedures;
              (ix) ship manoeuvring;
               (x) ship stability;
              (xi) meteorology;
             (xii) small ship power plants;
            (xiii) first aid;
            (xiv)  search and rescue;
             (xv) prevention of pollution of the marine environment.
      (b)   In addition to the requirements of sub-paragraph (a), sufficient
            knowledge to operate safely all navigational aids and equipment
            fitted aboard the ships concerned.
      (c) The level of knowledge to be required in the subjects specified in sub-
            paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be sufficient for the officer of the watch to
            carry out his duties safely.
2.    Every master serving on a sea-going ship of less than 200 gross register tons
shall, in addition to the requirements of paragraph 1 above, satisfy the
Administration that he possesses the knowledge to carry out all the duties of such
a master safely.
                                    Regulation II/4
                Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification
                    of Officers in Charge of a Navigational Watch
                          on Ships of 200 Gross Register Tons
                                        or More
 1.    Every officer in charge of a navigational watch serving on a sea-going ship
of 200 gross register tons or more shall hold an appropriate certificate.
2.    Every candidate for certification shall:
      (a) be not less than 18 years of age;
      (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
             regarding eyesight and hearing;
      (c) have approved sea-going service in the deck department of not less
             than three years which shall include at least six months of bridge
            watchkeeping duties under the supervision of a qualified officer;
             however, an Administration may allow the substitution of a period of
             special training for not more than two years of this approved sea :
             going service, provided the Administration is satisfied that such
             training is at least equivalent in value to the period of sea-going
             service it replaces;
      (d) satisfy the Administration by passing an appropriate examination
             that he possesses adequate theoretical and practical knowledge
             appropriate to his duties.
                                           32
 ---pagebreak--- 3.    Certificates for service without restriction
      For issue of certificates for service without restriction as to area of
operation, the examination shall test the adequacy of the candidate's theoretical
and practical knowledge in the subjects shown in the Appendix to this
Regulation.
4.    Restricted certificates
      For issue of restricted certificates for service on near-coastal voyages, the
Administration may omit the following subjects from those shown in the
Appendix, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be
operating in the same waters:
      (a) celestial navigation;
      (b) electronic systems of position fixing and navigation for waters not
            covered by such systems.
5.    Level of knowledge
(a) The level of knowledge to be required in the subjects shown in the
Appendix shall be sufficient for the officer of the watch to carry out his
watchkeeping duties safely. In determining the appropriate level of knowledge
the Administration shall take into account the remarks under each subject in the
Appendix.
(b) Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical
experience shall be based on Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles to be Observed
in Keeping a Navigational Watch" and relevant international regulations and
recommendations.
                            APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/4
                 Minimum knowledge required for certification of
                    officers in charge of a navigational watch on
                       ships of 200 gross register tons or more
1.    Celestial navigation
      Ability to use celestial bodies to determine the ship's position and compass
errors.
2.    Terrestrial and coastal navigation
(a)   Ability to determine the ship's position by the use of:
        (i) landmarks;
       (ii) aids to navigation, including lighthouses, beacons and buoys;
      (iii) dead reckoning, taking into account winds, tides, currents and speed
             by propeller revolutions per minute and by log.
                                           33
 ---pagebreak--- (b) Thorough knowledge of and ability to use navigational charts and
publications, such as sailing directions, tide tables, notices to mariners, radio
navigational warnings and ships' routeing information.
3.    Radar navigation
      Knowledge of the fundamentals of radar and ability in the operation and
use of radar and ability to interpret and analyse information obtained by use of
radar including the following:
      (a) factors affecting performance and accuracy;
      (b) setting up and maintaining displays;
      (c) detection of misrepresentation of information, false echoes, sea
            return, etc.;
      (d) range and bearing;
      (e) identification of critical echoes;
      (0 course and speed of other ships;
      (g) time and distance of closest approach of crossing, meeting or
            overtaking ships;
      (h) detecting course and speed changes of other ships;
      (i) effect of changes in own ship's course or speed or both;
      (j)   application of the International Regulations for Preventing Col-
            lisions at Sea.
4.     Watchkeeping
(a) Demonstrate thorough knowledge of content, application and intent of the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, including those
Annexes concerned with safe navigation.
(b) Demonstrate knowledge of content of Regulation 11/1 - "Basic Principles
to be Observed in Keeping a Navigational Watch".
5.    Electronic systems of position fixing and navigation
      Ability to determine the ship's position by the use of electronic navigational
aids to the satisfaction of the Administration.
6.    Radio direction-finders and echo-sounders
      Ability to operate the equipment and apply the information correctly.
7.     Meteorology
       Knowledge of shipborne meteorological instruments and their application.
Knowledge of the characteristics of various weather systems, reporting
procedures and recording systems and "the ability to apply the meteorological
information available.
                                         34
 ---pagebreak--- 8.    Compasses - magnetic and gyro
      Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro-compasses including
errors and corrections. With regard to gyro-compasses, an understanding of the
systems under the control of the master gyro and a knowledge of the operation
and care of the main types of gyro-compasses.
9.     Automatic pilot
       Knowledge of automatic pilot systems and procedures.
 10.   Radio telephony and visual signalling
(a) Ability to transmit and receive messages by morse light.
(b) Ability to use the International Code of Signals.
(c) Knowledge of procedures used in radiotelephone communications and
ability to use radiotelephones, in particular with respect to distress, urgency,
safety and navigational messages.
 11.   Fire prevention andfire-fighting appliances
(a)    Ability to organize fire drills.
(b)    Knowledge of classes and chemistry of fire.
(c)    Knowledge of fire-fighting systems.
(d)   Attendance at an approved fire-fighting course.
 12.   Life-saving
       Ability to organize abandon ship drills and knowledge of the operation of
lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and similar life-saving appliances along
with their equipment, including portable radio apparatus and emergency
position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs). Knowledge of survival at sea
techniques.
 13.   Emergency procedures
       Knowledge of the items listed in the appropriate Appendix of the current
edition of the 1LO/1M O "Document for Guidance".
 14.   Ship manoeuvring and handling
       Knowledge of:
       (a) the effects of various deadweights, draughts, trim, speed and under
             keel clearance on turning circles and stopping distances;
       (b) effects of wind and current on ship handling;
       (c) manoeuvres for the rescue of man-overboard;
       (d)   squat, shallow water and similar effects;
       (e)   proper procedures for anchoring and mooring.
                                          35
 ---pagebreak--- 15.    Ship stability
(a) Working knowledge and application of stability, trim and stress tables,
diagrams and stress calculating equipment.
(b) Understanding of fundamental actions to be taken in the event of partial
loss of intact buoyancy.
 16.    English language
        Adequate knowledge of the English language enabling the officer to use
 charts and other nautical publications, to understand meteorological infor-
 mation and messages concerning ship's safety and operation and to express
 himself clearly in his communications with other ships or coast stations. Ability
 to understand and use the IM 0 Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.
 17.   Ship construction
       General knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship and the
proper names of the various parts.
 18.    Cargo han dling and s to wage
        Knowledge of safe handling and stowage of cargoes and the effect of these
 factors on the safety of the ship.
 19.    Medical aid
        Practical application of medical guides and advice by radio, including the
 ability to take effective action based on such knowledge in the case of accidents or
 illnesses that are likely to occur on board ship.
  20.   Search and rescue
        Knowledge of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual
  (MERSAR).
  21.   Prevention ofpollution of the marine environment
        Knowledge of the precautions to be observed to prevent pollution of the
  marine environment.
                                     Regulation H/5
             • Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the Continued
                  Proficiency and Updating of Knowledge for Masters
                                    nnfl Piorlr DfiRrPre
  1.    Every master and every deck officer holding a certificate who is serving at
 sea or intends to return to sea after a period ashore shall, in order to continue to
 qualify for sea-going service, be required at regular intervals not exceeding five
 years to satisfy the Administration as to:
                                             36
 ---pagebreak---       (a)    medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight and hearing; and
      (b)    professional competence:
               (i) by approved sea-going service as master or deck officer of at
                   least one year during the preceding five years; or
              (ii) by virtue of having performed functions relating to the duties
                   appropriate to the grade of certificate held which are considered
                   to be at least equivalent to the sea-going service required in
                   paragraph l(b)(i); or
             (iii) by one of the following:
                   - passing an approved test; or
                   - successfully completing an approved course or courses; or
                   - having completed approved sea-going service as a deck
                       officer for a period of not less than three months in a
                       supernumerary capacity immediately prior to taking up the
                       rank to which he is entitled by virtue of his certificate.
2.    The Administration shall, in consultation with those concerned, formulate
or promote the formulation of a structure of refresher and updating courses,
either voluntary or mandatory, as appropriate, for masters and deck officers who
are serving at sea, especially for re-entrants to sea-going service. The
Administration shall ensure that arrangements are made to enable all persons
concerned to attend such courses as appropriate to their experience and duties.
Such courses shall be approved by the Administration and include changes in
marine technology and relevant international regulations and recommendations
concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment.
3.     Every master and deck officer shall, for continuing sea-going service on
board ships for which special training requirements have been internationally
agreed upon, successfully complete an approved relevant training.
4.    The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in
international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of
the marine environment are made available to ships under its jurisdiction.
                                     Regulation II/6
                   Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Ratings
                        Forming Part of a Navigational Watch
I.    The minimum requirements for a rating forming part of a navigational
watch on a sea-going ship of 200 gross register tons or more are set out in
paragraph 2. These requirements are not those for certification of able seamen*,
nor, except for ships of limited size, are they minimum requirements for a rating
who is to be the sole rating of a navigational watch. Administrations may require
additional training and qualifications for a rating who is to be the sole rating of a
navigational watch.
   Reference is made to ILO Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 or any successive
   convention.
                                             37
 ---pagebreak--- 2.    Every rating forming part of a navigational watch on a sea-going ship of
200 gross register tons or more shall:
      (a)   be not less than 16 years of age;
      (b)   satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
            regarding eyesight and hearing;
      (c)   satisfy the Administration that he has:
                (i) completed approved sea-going service, including not less than
                    six months' sea experience associated, in particular, with
                    navigational watchkeeping duties; or
               (ii) successfully undergone special training, either pre-sea or
                    aboard ship, including an adequate period of sea-going service
                    as required by the Administration which shall be not less than
                    two months;
      (d)   have experience or training which includes:
                (i) basic principles of fire-fighting, first aid, personal survival
                    techniques, health hazards and personal safety;
               (ii) ability to understand orders and make himself understood by
                    the officer of the watch in matters relevant to his duties;
              (iii) ability to steer and comply with helm orders, together with
                    sufficient knowledge of magnetic and gyro compasses for
                    performance of these duties;
              (iv) ability to keep a proper look-out by sight and hearing and
                    report the approximate bearing of a sound signal, light or other
                    object in degrees or points;
               (v) familiarity with the change-over from automatic pilot to hand
                    steering and vice-versa;
              (vi) knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication
                    and alarm systems;
             (vii) knowledge of pyrotechnic distress signals;
            (viii) knowledge of his emergency duties;
              (ix) knowledge of shipboard terms and definitions appropriate to
                    his duties.
3.    The experience, service or training required by paragraphs 2(c) and (d) may
be acquired through performance of duties associated with navigational
watchkeeping, but only if such duties are carried out under the direct supervision
of the master, officer in charge of the navigational watch or a qualified rating.
4.     Administrations shall ensure that an authorized document is issued to
every seafarer who by experience or training is qualified in accordance with this
Regulation to serve as a rating forming part of a navigational watch, or that his
existing document is duly endorsed.
                                           38
 ---pagebreak---                                    Regulation 11/7
                           Basic Principles to be Observed
                             in Keeping a Watch in Port
1.      On any ship safely moored or safely at anchor under normal circumstances
in port, the master shall arrange for an appropriate and effective watch to be
maintained for the purpose of safety.
2.       In organizing the watches note shall be taken of the provisions of the
"Recommendation on Principles and Operational Guidance for Deck Officers in
Charge of a Watch in Port" and the "Recommendation on Principles and
Operational Guidance for Engineer Officers in Charge of an Engineering Watch
in Port" adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification
of Seafarers, 1978.
                                   Regulation II/8
           Mandatory Minimum Requirements for a Watch in Port on Ships
                              Carrying Hazardous Cargo
 1. The master of every ship carrying cargo in bulk that is hazardous - whether
 it is, or may be, explosive, flammable, toxic, health-threatening or environment
 polluting- shall ensure that a safe deck watch and a safe engineering watch are
 maintained by the ready availability on board of a duly qualified officer or
 officers, and ratings where appropriate, even when the ship is safely moored or
 safely at anchor in port.
2.      The master of every ship carrying hazardous cargo other than in bulk -
whether it is, or may be, explosive, flammable, toxic, health-threatening or
environment polluting - shall in organizing safe watchkeeping arrangements
take full account of the nature, quantity, packing and stowage of the hazardous
cargo and of any special conditions on board, afloat and ashore.
3.       In organizing the watches full account shall be taken of the "Recom-
mendation on Principles and Operational Guidance for Deck Officers in Charge
of a Watch in Port" and the "Recommendation on Principles and Operational
Guidance for.Engineer Officers in Charge of an Engineering Watch in Port"
adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification of
Seafarers, 1978.
                                         39
 ---pagebreak---                                    ANNEX           II
                                ENGINE DEPARTMENT
                                     Regulation      III/1
                            Basic Principles to be Observed in
                              Keeping an Engineering Watch
      Member S t a t e s
 1.              shall direct
                       di     the attention of shipowners, ship operators, masters,
chief engineer officers and watchkeeping personnel to the following principles
which shall be observed to ensure that a safe engineering watch is maintained at
all times.
2.     The term "watch" is used in this Regulation to mean either a group of
personnel composing the watch or a period of responsibility for an engineer
officer during which his physical presence in the machinery space may or may not
be required.
3.     The basic principles, including but not limited to the following, shall be
taken into account on all ships.
4.     General
(a) The chief engineer officer of every ship is bound, in consultation with the
master, to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are adequate to maintain a
safe watch. When deciding the composition of the watch, which may include
appropriate engine room ratings, the following criteria, inter alia, shall be taken
into account:
          (i) type of ship;
         (ii) type and condition of the machinery;
        (iii) special modes of operation dictated by conditions such as weather,
              ice, contaminated water, shallow water, emergency conditions,
              damage containment or pollution abatement;
        (iv) qualifications and experience of the watch;
         (v) safety of life, ship, cargo and port, and protection of the environment;
        (vi) observance of international, national and local regulations;
       (vii) maintaining the normal operations of the ship.
(b) Under the direction of the chief engineer officer, the engineer officer in
charge of the watch shall be responsible for the inspection, operation and testing,"
as required, of all machinery and equipment under his responsibility. The
engineer officer in charge of a watch is the chief engineer officer's representative
and his primary responsibility, at all times, shall be the safe and efficient
operation and up-keep of machinery affecting the safety of the ship.
(c) The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine
                                           40
 ---pagebreak--- in advance the needs of the intended voyage, taking into consideration the
requirements for fuel, water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare
parts, tools, supplies and any other requirements.
 5.    Operation
(a) The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure that the established
watchkeeping arrangements are maintained. Under his general direction engine
room ratings, if forming part of the watch, shall be required to assist in the safe
and efficient operation of the propulsion machinery and the auxiliary equipment.
(b) At the commencement of the engineering watch, the current operational
parameters and condition of all machinery shall be verified. Any machinery not
functioning properly, expected to malfunction or requiring special service, shall
be noted along with any action already taken. Plans shall be made for any further
action if required.
(c) The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure that the main
propulsion plant and auxiliary systems are kept under constant surveillance,
inspections are made of the machinery and steering gear spaces at suitable
intervals and appropriate action is taken to remedy any malfunction discovered.
(d) When the machinery spaces are in the manned condition, the engineer
officer in charge of the watch shall at all times be readily capable of operating the
propulsion equipment in response to needs for changes in direction or speed.
When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, the
designated duty engineer officer in charge of the watch shall be immediately
available and on call to attend the machinery spaces.
(e) All bridge orders shall be promptly executed. Changes in direction or speed
of the main propulsion unit shall be recorded, except where an Administration
determines that the size or characteristics of a particular ship make such
recording impracticable. The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall ensure
that the main propulsion unit controls, when in the manual mode of operation,
are continuously attended under standby or manoeuvring conditions.
(0 The engineer officer in charge of the watch shall not be assigned or
undertake any duties which would interfere with his supervisory duty in respect
of the main propulsion system and its ancillary equipment and he shall ensure
that the main propulsion system and auxiliary equipment are kept under
constant surveillance until he is properly relieved.
(g) Due attention shall be paid to the maintenance and support of all
machinery, including mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems,
their control apparatus and associated safety equipment, all accommodation
service systems equipment and the recording of stores and spare gear usage.
(h) The chief engineer officer shall ensure that the engineer officer in charge of
the watch is informed of all preventive maintenance, damage control, or repair
operations to be performed during the watch. The engineer officer in charge of
the watch shall be responsible for the isolation, by-passing and adjustment of all
machinery under his responsibility that is to be worked on, and shall record all
work carried out.
(i) Before going off duty, the engineer officer in charge of the watch shall
ensure that all events related to the main and auxiliary machinery are suitably
recorded.
                                          41
 ---pagebreak--- (j) To avoid any danger to the safety of the ship and its crew, the engineer
officer in charge of the watch shall notify the bridge immediately in the event of
fire, impending actions in machinery spaces that may cause reduction in ship's
speed, imminent steering failure, stoppage of the ship's propulsion system or any
alteration in the generation of electric power, or similar threat to safety. This
notification, where possible, shall be accomplished before changes are made in
order to afford the bridge the maximum available time to take whatever actions
are possible to avoid a potential marine casualty.
(k) When the engine room is put in a standby condition, the engineer officer in
charge of the watch shall ensure that all machinery and equipment which may be
used during manoeuvring is in a state of immediate readiness and that an
adequate reserve of power is available for steering gear and other requirements.
 6.     Watch requirements
 (a) Every member of the watch shall be familiar with his assigned watchkeep-
 ing duties. In addition, every member shall have with respect to that ship:
          (i) knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication
               systems;
         (ii) knowledge of escape routes from machinery spaces;
        (iii) knowledge of engine room alarm systems and the ability to
               distinguish between the various alarms with special reference to the
               C0 2 alarm;
        (iv) knowledge of the positions and use of thefire-fightingequipment in
               the machinery spaces.
 (b) The composition of an underway watch shall, at all times, be adequate to
 ensure the safe operation of all machinery affecting the operation of the ship, in
 either automated or manual mode arid be appropriate to the prevailing
 circumstances and conditions. To achieve this, the following, inter alia, shall be
 taken into acount:
          (i) adequate supervision, at all times, of machinery affecting the safe
               operation of the ship;
         (ii) condition and reliability of any remotely operated propulsion and
              steering equipment and their controls, control location and the
              procedures involved in placing them in a manual mode of operation
              in the event of break-down or emergency;
       (iii) location and operation of fixed fire detection, fire extinction or fire
              containment devices and apparatus;
       (iv) use and operational condition of auxiliary, standby and emergency
              equipment affecting the safe navigation, mooring or docking
              operations of the ship;
        (v) steps and procedures necessary to maintain the condition of
              machinery installations in order to ensure their efficient operation
              during all modes of ship operation;
       (vi) any other demands on the watch which may arise as a result of special
              operating circumstances.
(c) At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the
master whether or not to maintain an underway watch.
                                         42
 ---pagebreak--- 7.     Fitness for duty
      The watch system shall be such that the efficiency of the watch is not
impaired by fatigue. Duties shall be so organized by the chief engineer officer that
the first watch at the commencement of a voyage and the subsequent relieving
watches are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty.
8.     Protection of the marine environment
       All engineer officers and engine room ratings shall be aware of the serious
effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall
take all possible precautions to prevent such pollution, particularly within the
framework of relevant international and port regulations.
                                    Regulation III/2
            Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Chief
               Engineer Ojficers and Second Engineer Officers of Ships
                      Powered by Main Propulsion Machinery of
                         3 000 k W Propulsion Power or More
 1.    Every chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of a sea-going ship
powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or more
shall hold an appropriate certificate.
2.     Every candidate for certification shall:
       (a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight
             and hearing;
       (b) meet the requirements for certification as an engineer officer in charge
             of a watch; and
              (i) for certification as second engineer officer, have not less than 12
                    months' approved sea-going service as assistant engineer officer
                    or engineer officer;
             (ii) for certification as chief engineer officer, have not less than 36
                    months' approved sea-going service of which not less than 12
                    months shall be served as an engineer officer in a position of
                    responsibility while qualified to serve as second engineer officer;
       (c)   have attended an approved practicalfire-fightingcourse;
       (d)   have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the
             Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out
             in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration
             may vary these examination requirements for officers of ships with,
             limited propulsion power that are engaged on near-coastal voyages,
             as it considers necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all
             ships which may be operating in the same waters.
3.     Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and
recommendations.
                                          .43
 ---pagebreak--- 4.     The level of knowledge required under the dillerent paragraphs of the
Appendix may be varied according to whether the certificate is being issued at
chief engineer officer or second engineer officer level.
                          APPENDIX TO REGULATION III/2
               Minimum knowledge required for certification of chief
                   engineer officers and second engineer officers of
                  ships powered by main propulsion machinery of
                        3 000 kW propulsion power or more
 1.    The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for
certification as chief engineer officer or second engineer officer of ships powered
by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or more. Bearing
in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to assume the
responsibilities of a chief engineer officer at any time, examination in these
subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all available
information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery.
2.     With respect to paragraph 4(a) below, the Administration may omit
knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than those
machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be valid. A
certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of
machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to
be competent in these items to the satisfaction of the Administration. Any such
limitation shall be stated in the certificate.
3.     Every candidate shall'possess theoretical knowledge in the following
subjects:
       (a) thermodynamics and heat transmission;
       (b) mechanics and hydromechanics;
       (c)   operational principles of ships' power installations (diesel, steam and
             gas turbine) and refrigeration;
       (d)   physical and chemical properties of fuels and lubricants;
       (e)   technology of materials;
       (0    chemistry and physics of fire and extinguishing agents;
       (g)   marine electrotechnology, electronics and electrical equipment;
       (h)   fundamentals of automation, instrumentation and control systems;
       (i)   naval architecture and ship construction, including damage control.
4.     Every candidate shall possess adequate practical knowledge in at least the
following subjects:
       (a) operation and maintenance of:
               (i) marine diesel engines;
              (ii) marine steam propulsion plant;
                                          44
 ---pagebreak---            (iii) marine gas turbines;
      (b)  operation and maintenance of auxiliary machinery, including
           pumping and piping systems, auxiliary boiler plant and steering gear
           systems;
      (c)  operation, testing and maintenance of electrical and control
           equipment;
      (d)  operation and maintenance of cargo handling equipment and deck
           machinery;
      (e)  detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to
           prevent damage;
      (f)  organization of safe maintenance and repair procedures;
      (g)   methods of, and aids for, fire prevention, detection and extinction;
      (h)   methods and aids to prevent pollution of the environment by ships;
      (i)   regulations to be observed to prevent pollution of the marine
            environment;
      (j)   effects of marine pollution on the environment;
      (k) first aid related to injuries which might be expected in machinery
            spaces and use of first aid equipment;
      (1)   functions and use of life-saving appliances;
      (m)   methods of damage control;
      (n)   safe working practices.
5.    Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of international maritime law
embodied in international agreements and conventions as they affect the specific
obligations and responsibilities of the engine department, particularly those
concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment. The extent of
knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the discretion of the
Administration but shall include national arrangements for implementing
international agreements and conventions.
6.    Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of personnel management,
organization and training aboard ships.
                                 Regulation III/3
          Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of Chief
             Engineer Officers and Second Engineer Officers of Ships
            Powered by Main Propulsion Machinery between 750 kW
                         and 3 000 k W Propulsion Power
1.    Every chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of a sea-going ship
powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 and 3 000 kW propulsion
power shall hold an appropriate certificate.
2.    Every candidate for certification shall:
     (a) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight
           and hearing;
                                         45
 ---pagebreak---        (b)   meet the requirements for certification as an engineer officer in charge
             of a watch; and
              (i) for certification as second engineer officer, have not less than 12
                    months' approved sea-going service as assistant.engineer officer
                    or engineer officer;
             (ii) for certification as chief engineer officer, have not less than 24
                    months' approved sea-going service of which not less than 12
                    months shall be served while qualified to serve as second
                    engineer officer;
       (c)   have attended an approved practical fire-fighting course;
       (d)   have passed appropriate examination to the satisfaction of the
             Administration. Such examination shall include the material set out
             in the Appendix to this Regulation, except that the Administration
             may vary the requirements for examination and sea-going service for
             officers of ships engaged on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind the
             types of automatic and remotely operated controls with which such
             ships are fitted and the etfect on the safety of all ships which may be
             operating in the same waters.
 3.    Training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and
 recommendations.
4.     The level of knowledge required under the different paragraphs of the
Appendix may be varied according to whether the certificate is being issued at
chief engineer officer or second engineer officer level.
5.     Every engineer officer who is qualified to serve as second engineer officer of
ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 3 000 kW propulsion power or
more, may serve as chief engineer officer of ships powered by main propulsion
machinery of less than 3 000 kW propulsion power provided that not less than 12
months' approved sea-going service shall have been served as an engineer officer
in a position of responsibility.
                            APPENDIX TO REGULATION III/3
               Minimum knowledge required for certification of chief
                engineer officers and second engineer officers of ships
            powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW
                           and 3 000 kW propulsion power
 1.    The syllabus given below is compiled for examination of candidates for
certification as chief engineer officer or second engineer officer of ships powered
 by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW and 3 000 kW propulsion
 power. Bearing in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to
 assume the responsibilities of the chief engineer officer at any time, examination
 in these subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all
 available information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery.
 2.    With respect to paragraphs 3(d) and 4(a) below, the Administration may
 omit knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than
                                          46
 ---pagebreak--- those machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be
valid. A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of
machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to
be competent in these items to the satisfaction of the Administration. Any such
limitation shall be stated in the certificate.
3.     Every candidate shall possess sufficient elementary theoretical knowledge
to understand the basic principles involved in the following subjects:
       (a)   combustion processes;
       (b)   heat transmission;
       (c)   mechanics and hydromechanics;
       (d)     (i) marine diesel engines;
              (ii) marine steam propulsion plant;
             (iii) marine gas turbines;
       (e)   steering gear systems;
       (0    properties of fuels and lubricants;
       (g)   properties of materials;
       (h) fire-extinguishing agents;
       (i)   marine electrical equipment;
       (j)   automation, instrumentation and control systems;
       (k)   ship construction, including damage control;
       (1)   auxiliary systems.
4.     Every candidate shall possess adequate practical knowledge, in at least the
following subjects:
       (a) operation and maintenance of:
               (i) marine diesel engines;
              (ii) marine steam propulsion plant;
             (iii) marine gas turbines;
       (b) operation and maintenance of auxiliary machinery systems, includ-
             ing steering gear systems;
       (c) operation, testing and maintenance of electrical and control
             equipment;
       (d) operation and maintenance of cargo handling equipment and deck
             machinery;
       (e) detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to
             prevent damage;
       (0 organization of safe maintenance and repair procedures;
       (g) methods of, and aids for, fire prevention, detection and extinction;
       (h) regulations to be observed regarding pollution of the marine
             environment and methods and aids to prevent such pollution;
                                          47
 ---pagebreak---       (i)   first aid related to injuries which might be expected in machinery
            spaces and use of first aid equipment;
      (j)   functions and use of life-saving appliances;
      (k)   methods of damage control with specific reference to action to be
            taken in the event of flooding of sea water into the engine room;
      (1)   safe working practices.
5.    Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of international maritime law as
embodied in international agreements and conventions as they affect the specific
obligations and responsibilities of the engine department, particularly those
concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment. The extent of
knowledge of national maritime legislation is left to the discretion of the
Administration but shall include national arrangements for implementing
international agreements and conventions.
6.     Every candidate shall possess a knowledge of personnel management,
organization and training aboard ships.
                                   Regulation III/4
              Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification of
                     Engineer Officers in Charge of a Watch in a
                       Traditionally Manned Engine Room or
                       Designated Duty Engineer Officers in a
                       Periodically Unmanned Engine Room
1.    Every engineer officer in charge of a watch in a traditionally manned engine
room or the designated duty engineer officer in a periodically unmanned engine
room on a sea-going ship powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW
propulsion power or more shall hold an appropriate certificate.
2.    Every candidate for certification shall:
      (a) be not less than 18 years of age;
      (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight
            and hearing;
      (c) have not less than a total of three years approved education or
            training, relevant to the duties of a marine engineer;
      (d) have completed an adequate period of sea-going service which may
            have been included within the period of three years stated in sub-,
            paragraph (c);
      (e) satisfy the Administration that he has the theoretical and practical
            knowledge of the operation and maintenance of marine machinery
            appropriate to the duties of an engineer officer;
      (0 have attended an approved practicalfire-fightingcourse;
      (g) have knowledge of safe working practices.
                                         48
 ---pagebreak--- The Administration may vary the requirement of sub-paragraphs (c) and (d) for
engineer officers of ships powered by main propulsion machinery of less than
3 000 kW propulsion power engaged on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind
the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters.
3.     Every candidate shall have knowledge of the operation and maintenance of
main and auxiliary machinery, which shall include knowledge of relevant
regulatory requirements and also knowledge of at least the following specific
items:
       (a) Watchkeeping routines
                (i) duties associated with taking over and accepting a watch;
              (ii) routine duties undertaken during a watch;
             (iii) maintenance of the machinery space log book and the
                     significance of readings taken;
             (iv) duties associated with handing over a watch.
      (b)   Main and auxiliary machinery
               (i) assisting in the preparation of main machinery and preparation
                     of auxiliary machinery for operation;
             (ii) operation of steam boilers, including combustion system;
            (iii) methods of checking water level in steam boilers and action
                     necessary if water level is abnormal;
            (iv) location of common faults of machinery and plant in engine
                     and boiler rooms and action necessary to prevent damage.
      (c)   Pumping systems
               (i) routine pumping operations;
             (ii) operation of bilge, ballast and cargo pumping systems.
      (d)   Generating plant
            Preparing, starting, coupling and changing over alternators or
            generators.
        (e)   Safety and emergency procedures
                 (i) safety precautions to be observed during a watch and
                      immediate actions to be taken in the event of afireor accident,
                      with particular reference to oil systems;
               (ii) safe isolation of electrical and other types of plant and
                      equipment required before personnel are permitted to work on
                      such plant and equipment.
        (0    Anti-pollution procedures
             The precautions to be observed to prevent pollution of the
             environment by oil, cargo residue, sewage, smoke or other pollutants.
             The use of pollution prevention equipment, including oily water
              separators, sludge tank systems and sewage disposal plant.
                                            49
 ---pagebreak---         (g)   First aid
              Basic first aid related to injuries which might be expected in
              machinery spaces.
4.      Where steam boilers do not form part of a ship's machinery, the
Administration may omit the knowledge requirements of paragraphs 3(b)(ii) and
(iii). A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for service on ships in
which steam boilers form part of a ship's machinery until the engineer officer
proves to be competent in the omitted items to the satisfaction of the
Administration. Any such limitations shall be stated in the certificate.
5.      The training to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical
experience shall take into account relevant international regulations and
recommendations.
                                    Regulation III/5
                   Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the
                         Continued Proficiency and Updating of
                             Knowledge for Engineer Officers
1.      Every engineer officer holding a certificate who is serving at sea or intends
to return to sea after a period ashore shall, in order to continue to qualify for sea-
going service in the rank appropriate to his certificate, be required at regular
intervals not exceeding five years to satisfy the Administration as to:
        (a) medical fitness, including eyesight and hearing; and
        (b) professional competence:
                (i) by approved service as an engineer officer of at least one year
                     during the preceding five years; or
               (ii) by virtue of having performed functions relating to the duties
                     appropriate to the grade of certificate held which is considered
                     to be at least equivalent to the sea-going service required in
                     paragraph l(b)(i); or
              (iii) by one of the following:
                     - passing an approved test; or
                     - successfully completing an approved course or courses; or
                     - having completed approved sea-going service as an engineer
                        officer for a period of not less than three months in a
                        supernumerary capacity, or in a lower rank than that for
                        which he holds the certificate, immediately prior to taking up
                        the rank to which he is entitled by virtue of his certificate.
2.      The course or courses referred to in paragraph l(b)(iii) shall include, in
particular, changes in the relevant international regulations and recom-
mendations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine
environment.
                                           50
 ---pagebreak--- 3.     The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in
international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea and the protection of
the marine environment are made available to ships under its jurisdiction.
                                       Regulation IÏI/6
          Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Ratings Forming Part of
                                  an Engine Room Watch
1.     The minimum requirements for a rating if forming part of an engine room
watch shall be as set out in paragraph 2. These requirements are not for:
        (a)    a rating nominated as the assistant to the engineer officer in charge of
               the watch*;
        (b)    a rating who is under training;
        (c)    a rating whose duties while on watch are of an unskilled nature.
 2.     Every rating forming part of an engine room watch shall:
        (a) be not less than 16 years of age;
        (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, including eyesight
               and hearing;
        (c) satisfy the Administration as to:
                 (i) experience or training regarding fire-fighting, basic first aid,
                      personal survival techniques, health hazards and personal
                     safety;
                (ii) ability to understand orders, and make himself understood in
                     matters relevant to his duties;
        (d) satisfy the Administration that he has:
                 (i) shore experience relevant to his sea-going duties supplemented
                      by an adequate period of sea-going service as required by the
                     Administration; or
                (ii) undergone special training either pre-sea or on board ship,
                      including an adequate period of sea-going service as required
                     by the Administration; or
               (iii) approved sea-going service of at least six months.
 3.     Every such rating shall have knowledge of:
        (a) engine room watchkeeping procedures and the ability to carry out a
               watch routine appropriate to his duties;
        (b) safe working practices as related to engine room operations;.
        (c) terms used in machinery spaces and names of machinery and
              equipment relative to his duties;
    Reference is made to Resolution 9 -"Recommendation on Minimum Requirements for a Rating
    nominated as the Assistant to the Engineer Officer in Charge of the Watch" adopted by the
    International Conference on Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978.
                                              51
 ---pagebreak---       (d)   basic environmental protection procedures.
4.     Every rating required to keep a boiler watch shall have knowledge of the
safe operation of boilers, and shall have the ability to maintain the correct water
levels and steam pressures.
5.     Every rating forming part of an engine room watch shall be familiar with
his watchkeeping duties in the machinery spaces on the ship on which he is to
serve. In particular, with respect to that ship the rating shall have:
      (a)   knowledge of the use of appropriate internal communication
            systems;
      (b)   knowledge of escape routes from machinery spaces;
      (c)   knowledge of engine room alarm systems and ability to distinguish
            between the various alarms with special reference to fire extinguish-
            ing gas alarms;
      (d)   familiarity with the location and use offire-fightingequipment in the
            machinery spaces.
6.    A seafarer may be considered by the Administration to have met the
requirements of this Regulation if he has served in a relevant capacity in the
engine department for a period of not less than one year within the lastfiveyears
preceding the entry into force of the Convention for that Administration.
                                   5Z
 ---pagebreak---                                    A N N E X        III
                                    Reputation IV/1
                      Mandatory Minimum Requirements for
                           Certification of Radio Officers
1.    Every radio officer in charge of, or performing, radio duties in a ship shall
hold an appropriate certificate or certificates issued or recognized by the
Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations, and have
adequate qualifying service.
2.    In addition, a radio officer shall:
      (a) be not less than 18 years of age;
      (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly
             regarding eyesight, hearing and speech;
      (c) meet the requirements of the Appendix to this Regulation.
3.    Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass an examination or
examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration concerned.
4.    The level of knowledge required for certification shall be sufficient for the
radio officer to carry out his radio duties safely and efficiently. In determining the
appropriate level of knowledge and the training necessary to achieve that
knowledge and practical ability, the Administration shall take into account the
requirements of the Radio Regulations and the Appendix to this Regulation.
Administrations shall also take into account the relevant resolutions adopted by
the International Conference on Training and Certification of Seafarers, 1978,
and relevant IM O recommendations.
                                          53
 ---pagebreak---                            APPENDIX TO REGULATION 1V/1
                    Minimum additional knowledge and training
                            requirements for radio officers
      In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a certificate in
compliance with the Radio Regulations, radio officers shall have knowledge and
training, including practical training, in the following:
      (a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including:
              (i) abandon ship;
             (ii) fire aboard ship;
             (iii) partial or full breakdown of the radio station;
      (b)    the operation of lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and their
             equipment, with special reference to portable and fixed lifeboat radio
             apparatus and emergency position-indicating radio beacons;
      (c)    survival at sea;
      (d)  first aid;
      (e)  fire prevention andfire-fightingwith particular reference to the radio
             installation;
      (0     preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel in connexion
             with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical,
             radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards;
      (g)    the use of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual
             (MERSAR) with particular reference to radiocommunications;
      (h)    ship position-reporting systems and procedures;
      (i)    the use of the International Code of Signals and the IM O Standard
             Marine Navigational Vocabulary;
       (j)   radio medical systems and procedures.
                                    Regulation IV/2
                  Mandatory Minimum Requirements to Ensure the
                        Continued Proficiency and Updating of
                             Knowledge for Radio Officers
 1.   Every radio officer holding a certificate or certificates issued or recognized
by the Administration shall, in order to continue to qualify for sea-going service,
be required to satisfy the Administration as to the following:
      (a) medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight, hearing and speech,
             at regular intervals not exceeding five years; and
      (b) professional competence:
                                          54
 ---pagebreak---                (i)   by approved radiocommunications service as a radio officer
                     with no single interruption of service exceeding five years;
              (ii) following such interruption, by passing an approved test or
                     successfully completing an approved training course or courses
                     at sea or ashore, which shall include elements that are of direct
                     relevance to the safety of life at sea and modern radiocom-
                     munication equipment and may also include radionavigation
                   . equipment.
2.     When new modes, equipment or practices are being introduced aboard
ships entitled to fly its flag, the Administration may require radio officers to pass
an approved test or successfully complete an appropriate training course or
courses, at sea or ashore, with particular reference to safety duties.
 3.     Every radio officer shall, to continue to qualify for sea-going service on
 board particular types of ships for which special training requirements have been
 internationally agreed upon, successfully complete approved relevant training or
examinations which shall take into account relevant international regulations
 and recommendations.
4.     The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in
international regulations relating to radiocommunications and relevant to the
safety of life at sea, are available to ships under its jurisdiction.
5.     Administrations are encouraged, in consultation with those concerned, to
formulate or promote the formulation of a structure of refresher and updating
courses, either voluntary or mandatory, as appropriate, at sea or ashore, for
radio officers who are serving at sea and especially for re-entrants to sea-going
service. The course or courses shall include elements that are of direct relevance
to radio duties and include changes in marine radiocommunication technology
 and relevant international regulations and recommendations* concerning the
 safety of life at sea.
                                     Regulation IV/3
                  Mandatory Minimum Requirements for Certification
                               of Radiotelephone Operators
1.     Every radiotelephone operator in charge of, or performing, radio duties in
a ship shall hold an appropriate certificate or certificates issued or recognized by
the Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations.
 2.     In addition, such radiotelephone operator of a ship which is required to
 have a radiotelephone station by the International Convention for the Safety of
 Life at Sea, shall:
        (a) be not less than 18 years of age;
        (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness,' particularly
               regarding eyesight, hearing and speech;
        (c) meet the requirements of the Appendix to this Regulation.
    Including any IM O recommendations concerning the development of the maritime distress
    system.
                                            55
 ---pagebreak--- 3.    Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass an examination or
examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration concerned.
4.   The level of knowledge required for certification shall be sufficient for the
radiotelephone operator to carry out his radio duties safely and efficiently. In
determining the appropriate level of knowledge and the training necessary to
achieve that knowledge and practical ability, the Administration shall take into
account the requirements of the Radio Regulations and the Appendix to this
Regulation. Administrations shall also take into account the relevant resolutions
adopted by the International Conference on Training and Certification of
Seafarers, 1978, and relevant IM O recommendations.
                          APPENDIX TO REGULATION IV/3
          Minimum additional knowledge and training requirements
                           for radiotelephone operators
      In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a certificate in
compliance with the Radio Regulations, radiotelephone operators shall have
knowledge and training, including practical training, in the following:
      (a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including:
              (i) abandon ship;
             (ii) fire aboard ship;
            (iii) partial or full breakdown of the radio station;
      (b) the operation of lifeboats, liferafts, buoyant apparatus and their
            equipment, with special reference to portable and fixed lifeboat radio
            apparatus and emergency position-indicating radio beacons;
      (c) survival at sea;
      (d) first aid;
      (e) fire prevention and fire-fighting with particular reference to the radio
            installation;
      (f) preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel in connexion
            with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical,
            radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards;
      (g) the use of the IM O Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual
            (MERSAR) with particular reference to radiocommunications;
      (h) ship position-reporting systems and procedures;
      (i)   the use of the International Code of Signals and the IM O Standard
            Marine Navigational Vocabulary;
      (j)   radio medical systems and procedures.
                                         S6
 ---pagebreak---                                     ANNEX
                        SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKERS
                                   R e f u t a t i o n V/1
      Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training and Qualifications
                  of Masters, Officers and Ratings of Oil Tankers
1.    Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on oil
tankers and who have not served on board an oil tanker as part of the regular
complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and
      (a) an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to
            acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or
      (b) an approved oil tanker familiarization course which includes basic
            safety and pollution prevention precautions and procedures, layouts
            of different types of oil tankers, types of cargo, their hazards and their
            handling equipment, general operational sequence and oil tanker
            terminology.
2.    Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have:
      (a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on oil tankers; and
      (b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their
            duties, including oil tanker safety, fire safety measures and systems,
            pollution prevention and control, operational practice and obli-
            gations under applicable laws and regulations.
                                    Regulation V/2
               Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training
                     and Qualifications of Masters. Officers and
                            Ratings of Chemical Tankers
1.    Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on
chemical tankers and who have not served on board a chemical tanker as part of
the regular complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and.
                                             57
 ---pagebreak---       (a)    an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to
             acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or
      (b)    an approved chemical tanker familiarization course which includes
             basic safety and pollution prevention precautions and procedures,
             layouts of dillerent types of chemical tankers, types of cargo, their
             hazards and their handling equipment, general operational sequence
             and chemical tanker terminology.
2.    Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have:
      (a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on chemical tankers;
             and
      (b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their
             duties including chemical tanker safety, fire safety measures and
             systems, pollution prevention and control, operational practice and
             obligations under applicable laws and regulations.
                                   Regulation V/3
              Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Training and
                   Qualifications of Masters, Officers and Ratings
                              of Liquefied Gas Tankers
 1.    Officers and ratings who are to have specific duties, and responsibilities
related to those duties, in connexion with cargo and cargo equipment on liquefied
gas tankers and who have not served on board a liquefied gas tanker as part of the
regular complement, before carrying out such duties shall have completed an
appropriate shore-based fire-fighting course; and
      (a) an appropriate period of supervised shipboard service in order to
             acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or
      (b) an approved liquefied gas tanker familiarization course which
             includes basic safety and pollution prevention precautions and
             procedures, layouts of different types of liquefied gas tankers, types of
             cargo, their hazards and their handling equipment, general oper-
             ational sequence and liquefied gas tanker terminology.
2.     Masters, chief engineer officers, chief mates, second engineer officers and, if
other than the foregoing, any person with the immediate responsibility for
loading, discharging and care in transit or handling of cargo, in addition to the
provisions of paragraph 1, shall have:
      (a) relevant experience appropriate to their duties on liquefied gas
             tankers; and
                                          58
 ---pagebreak--- (b) completed a specialized training programme appropriate to their
    duties including liquefied gas tanker safety, fire safety measures and
    systems, pollution prevention and control, operational practice and
    obligations under applicable laws and regulations.
                                  59
 ---pagebreak---                                    ANNEX          VI
                      PROFICIENCY IN SURVIVAL CRAFT
                                     Regulation VI/1
                 Mandatory Minimum Requirements for the Issue of
                      Certificates of Proficiency in Survival Craft
       Every seafarer to be issued with a certificate of proficiency in survival craft
shall:
       (a)  be not less than 174 years of age;
       (b)  satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness;
       (c)  have approved sea-going service of not less than 12 months or have
            attended an approved training course and have approved sea-going
            service of not less than nine months;
       (d)  satisfy the Administration by examination or by continuous
            assessment during an approved training course that he possesses
            knowledge of the contents of the Appendix to this Regulation;
       (e)  demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Administration by examination
            or by continuous assessment during an approved training course that
            he possesses the ability to:
                (i) don a life-jacket correctly; safely jump from a height into the
                    water; board a survival craft from the water while wearing a
                    life-jacket;
               (ii) right an inverted liferaft while wearing a life-jacket;
              (iii) interpret the markings on survival craft with respect to the
                    number of persons they are permitted to carry;
              (iv) make the correct commands required for launching and
                    boarding the survival craft, clearing the ship and handling and
                    disembarking from the survival craft;
               (v) prepare and launch survival craft safely into the water and clear
                    the ship's side quickly;
              (vi) deal with injured persons both during and after abandonment;
             (vii) row and steer, erect a mast, set the sails, manage a boat under
                    sail and steer a boat by compass;
            (viii) use signalling equipment, including pyrotechnics;
              (ix) use portable radio equipment for survival craft.
                            APPENDIX TO REGULATION Vl/I
            Minimum knowledge required for the issue of certificates
                             of proficiency in survival craft
 1.    Types of emergency situations which may occur, such as collisions, fire,
foundering.
                                            60
 ---pagebreak--- 2.     Principles of survival including:
       (a) value of training and drills;
       (b) need to be ready for any emergency;
       (c) actions to be taken when called to survival craft stations;
       (d) actions to be taken when required to abandon ship;
       (e) actions to be taken when in the water;
       (0    actions to be taken when aboard a survival craft;
       (g) main dangers to survivors.
3.     Special duties assigned to each crew member as indicated in the muster list,
including the difierences between the signals calling all crew to survival craft and
to fire stations.
4.     Types of life-saving appliances normally carried on board ships.
 5.    Construction and outfit of survival craft and individual items of their
 equipment.
 6.    Particular characteristics and facilities of survival craft.
7.     Various types of devices used for launching survival craft.
8.     Methods of launching survival craft into a rough sea.
9.     Action to be taken after leaving the ship.
10.    Handling survival craft in rough weather.
11.    Use of painter, sea anchor and all other equipment.
12.    Apportionment of food and water in survival craft.
 13.   Methods of helicopter rescue.
14.    Use of the first aid kit and resuscitation techniques.
15. Radio devices carried in survival craft, including emergency position-
indicating radio beacons.
 16. Effects of hypothermia and its prevention; use of protective covers and
protective garments.
 17. Methods of starting and operating a survival craft engine and its
accessories together with the use of fire extinguisher provided.
 18. Use of emergency boats and motor lifeboats for marshalling liferafts and
rescue of survivors and persons in the sea.
 19.   Beaching a survival craft.
                                           61
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                              COM (93) 217 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                         07 04
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-244-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-55845-8
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
L-2985 Luxembourg