CELEX: 32018M8955
Language: en
Date: 2018-11-20 00:00:00
Title: Commission Decision of 20/11/2018 declaring a concentration to be compatible with the common market (Case No COMP/M.8955 - TAKEDA / SHIRE) according to Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (Only the English text is authentic)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
                                                                Brussels, 20.11.2018
                                                                C(2018) 7858 final
                                                                                   PUBLIC VERSION
                                                                 In the published version of this decision,
                                                                 some information has been omitted pursuant
                                                                 to Article 17(2) of Council Regulation (EC)
                                                                 No 139/2004 concerning non-disclosure of
                                                                 business secrets and other confidential
                                                                 information. The omissions are shown thus
                                                                 […]. Where possible the information omitted
                                                                 has been replaced by ranges of figures or a
                                                                 general description.
                                                                To the notifying party
Subject:            Case M.8955 – TAKEDA/SHIRE
                    Commission decision pursuant to Article 6(1)(b) in conjunction with
                    Article 6(2) of Council Regulation No 139/20041 and Article 57 of the
                    Agreement on the European Economic Area2
Dear Sir or Madam,
(1) On 28 September 2018, the European Commission (the “Commission”) received
       notification of a proposed concentration pursuant to Article 4 of the Merger Regulation
       by which Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited ("Takeda") acquires control of Shire
       plc ("Shire") by way of purchase of shares ("the Transaction").3 Takeda and Shire are
       referred to hereinafter as the "Parties" and Takeda as the "Notifying Party".
1    OJ L 24, 29.1.2004, p. 1 (the 'Merger Regulation'). With effect from 1 December 2009, the Treaty on the
     Functioning of the European Union ('TFEU') has introduced certain changes, such as the replacement of
     'Community' by 'Union' and 'common market' by 'internal market'. The terminology of the TFEU will be
     used throughout this decision.
2    OJ L 1, 3.1.1994, p. 3 (the 'EEA Agreement').
3    Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union No C355, 4.10.2018, p. 8.
Commission européenne, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Bruxelles, BELGIQUE
Europese Commissie, DG COMP MERGER REGISTRY, 1049 Brussel, BELGIË
Tel: +32 229-91111. Fax: +32 229-64301. E-mail: COMP-MERGER-REGISTRY@ec.europa.eu.
 ---pagebreak--- 1.      THE PARTIES AND THE OPERATION
(2) Takeda is a global pharmaceutical company, headquartered in Japan and traded on the
     Tokyo stock exchange. Its four main therapeutic areas are: oncology, gastroenterology,
     neuroscience and vaccines.
(3) Shire is a global biopharmaceutical company registered in Jersey. It is headquartered in
     Ireland and listed on the FTSE 100. It specialises in developing treatments for rare
     diseases across a range of therapeutic areas including immunology, haematology,
     neuroscience, gastroenterology, genetic diseases and ophthalmic. It recently sold its
     oncology business to Servier.
(4) The Transaction was announced on 8 May 2018 and will be implemented by way of a
     purchase of shares. Takeda will acquire the entire issued and to be issued ordinary share
     capital of Shire. The acquisition will be effected by means of a scheme of arrangement
     under Jersey Law, by which Takeda will acquire sole control of Shire. The Transaction
     therefore constitutes a concentration pursuant to Article 3(1)(b) of the Merger
     Regulation.
2.      UNION DIMENSION
(5) The undertakings concerned have a combined aggregate world-wide turnover of more
     than EUR 5 000 million4 (Takeda: EUR 14 151 million, Shire: EUR 13 354 million).
     Each of them has EU-wide turnover in excess of EUR 250 million
     (Takeda: EUR […] million, Shire: EUR […] million), but neither achieves more than
     two-thirds of its aggregate EU-wide turnover within one and the same Member State.
(6) The notified operation therefore has a Union dimension pursuant to Article 1(2) of the
     Merger Regulation.
3.      THE PARTIES’ ACTIVITIES
(7) Takeda and Shire are similar sized, major global pharmaceutical companies. Their
     portfolios are predominantly complementary, both from a product and a geographic
     perspective: Shire is particularly focused on rare genetic diseases and immunology
     whilst Takeda is a major player in vaccines, oncology and gastroenterology. Similarly,
     Shire has a strong presence in the US whilst Takeda achieves a significant proportion of
     its revenue in Japan and in emerging markets.
(8) The two main therapeutic areas where both companies are present are gastroenterology
     (GI) and neuroscience. Within GI, both Parties offer or are developing treatments for
     Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (collectively referred to as
     inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)), for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and
     esophagitis. Affected markets arise within the first two of these areas: IBD and CIC.5
4  Turnover calculated in accordance with Article 5 of the Merger Regulation and the Commission
   Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice (OJ C 95, 16.4.2008, p. 1).
5  Although Takeda offers a number of treatments for esophagitis, and Shire has a pipeline in this area, no
   affected market arises as the Parties' respective products are for different types of esophagitis and belong to
                                                           2
 ---pagebreak---       Within neuroscience, the Parties are neither currently offering nor developing treatments
      for the same disease areas.6 The Parties' activities do not overlap in any other areas.7
4.       COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT
4.1.     Product market definition
4.1.1.     Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
(9) Takeda and Shire both offer treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As
      explained below in more detail, the standard treatment approach for inflammatory bowel
      disease consists of three lines of treatment. Both Parties market mesalazine, a first line
      treatment indicated for use in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis ([…]*), under the
      respective brand names Asacol/Mesavancol (Takeda) and Mezavant (Shire). Takeda also
      offers a third line treatment, vedolizumab, under the brand name Entyvio, which is
      indicated for use in […]** ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Shire has a
      treatment currently under development (in Phase III clinical trials) for which it is
      targeting the same indication: use in […]** ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's
      disease (CD).
(10) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory diseases that affect
      the digestive system. They typically first occur in relatively young patients and are
      lifelong conditions, there being no treatment available which actually cures the disease.
      The cause of both diseases is unknown.
(11) The main difference between UC and CD is that CD can affect any part of the GI tract
      whereas UC is limited to the colon. Similarly, CD affects the full thickness of the
      intestinal wall whereas the inflammation caused by UC remains within the superficial
      lining of the intestine. Doctors emphasise, however, that both diseases can have similarly
      debilitating effects.
    different classes in the EphMRA classification, even at ATC3 level, the broadest plausible market normally
    considered by the Commission. Takeda's marketed products (which are all classified in ATC3 category A2B
    (anti-ulcerants)) are used predominantly for the treatment of erosive esophagitis and reflux disease. Shire's
    Phase III pipeline is likely to be indicated for use in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and is expected to be
    approved under ATC class […].
6   Takeda is developing a new treatment for narcolepsy (TAK-925) based on an orexin 2 receptor agonist. This
    treatment, which is currently in Phase I trials, […]. There is technically a minor overlap in potential usage
    with a product based on methylphenidate that Shire currently markets under the brand name Equasym.
    Shire's drug is used to a limited extent off-label for narcolepsy in some EEA countries (its indication being
    for ADHD). The Commission's investigation confirmed that use of methylphenidate in treating narcolepsy is
    very limited and that where methylphenidate is prescribed, other brands are preferred over Equasym (see
    also Case M.6258 – Teva/Cephalon, Commission decision of 13 October 2011). Furthermore,
    methylphenidate belongs to ATC class N6B whilst Takeda's pipeline TAK-925 is expected to be approved
    under class […].
7   The Transaction creates a theoretical vertical link as Takeda produces and supplies a haemostatic patch and
    Shire offers CMO services related to such products to one third party. Shire is not, however, generally active
    as a CMO and […]. There is therefore no meaningful vertical relation between the Parties' activities.
* Should read “UC”.
** Should read “moderate to severe”.
                                                             3
 ---pagebreak--- (12) The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) distinguish three levels of
     disease severity for each of UC and CD: mild, moderate and severe.
(13) Treatments for UC and CD are usually indicated as being for either mild-to-moderate
     levels of the disease or moderate-to-severe. The treatments for mild-to-moderate UC and
     CD (also termed conventional treatments) include amino salicylates (5-ASAs),
     corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and antibiotics. Once the disease has progressed to
     a moderate-to-severe stage, biologic drugs would then be prescribed with the aim of
     inducing remission.
(14) UC and CD are both characterised by phases of remission and relapse. Although three
     lines of treatment are generally identified (usually first line: 5-ASAs or corticosteroids,
     second line: corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, and third line: biologics) patients
     may also be switched back from biologics to immunosuppressants to maintain remission.
(15) Within biologic (third line treatment), patients are also often prescribed different
     biologics in succession (usually termed first line biologic, second line biologic etc.). This
     is most often either because the first line biologic loses efficacy after a certain time or for
     reasons related to safety and side effects.
(16) The general pattern of treatment for UC and CD is similar, but there are some
     differences, as some treatments are only indicated for one or the other disease. In
     particular, mesalazine (a type of 5-ASA) is the standard first-line treatment for UC but is
     not indicated for CD (although there is thought to be some off-label usage).
4.1.1.1.        Separate markets for mesalazine and biologics
(17) In case M.7339 Abbvie/Shire,8 the Commission concluded that mesalazine (a type of
     5-ASA) and Humira (a biologic agent) belonged to separate markets, primarily because
     they form part of different lines of treatment and are not substitutable from either a
     demand or a supply perspective.
(18) The distinction between conventional treatments for mild-to-moderate UC and CD and
     biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe stages of the diseases appears to be well
     established in the literature, and features in particular in the treatment guidelines issued
     by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO).
(19) In general terms, clinical guidelines recommend a phased treatment for UC and CD,
     consisting of at least three lines of treatment. The first-line treatment for UC involves a
     conventional therapy such as amino salicylates (which include mesalazine); this would
     then be followed in second line by a corticosteroid and then potentially an
     immunosuppressant; the third-line treatment, which is initiated when the disease
     symptoms progress due to a lack of response to conventional therapies, would involve a
     biologic drug, such as vedolizumab. The standard recommended treatment sequence for
     CD is slightly different as mesalazine is not indicated for this condition, meaning that
     corticosteroids may be prescribed in first line, followed by immunosuppressants in
     second line and biologics in third line.
8   Case M.7339 Abbvie/Shire, Commission decision of 16 October 2014.
                                                      4
 ---pagebreak--- (20) Clinical guidelines, in particular the ECCO guidelines mentioned above, recommend
     using mesalazine as a first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Responses to the
     market investigation from key opinion leaders (KOLs)9 confirmed that mesalazine is a
     standard first line treatment for mild-to-moderate UC, both as an induction therapy (i.e.
     for inducing remission in mild flare) and as a maintenance therapy.10 One KOL
     explained, for example, that "a patient presenting a mild case of UC would almost
     always be prescribed mesalazine as a first line of treatment".11
(21) There is evidence to suggest that mesalazine may also be prescribed by some doctors as
     a first-line treatment for Crohn's disease (CD),12 although it is not indicated for this
     condition and experts in the field generally consider it to be ineffective in treating CD.13
(22) The results of the market investigation clearly indicated that, in accordance with the
     ECCO treatment guidelines, biologics are used in moderate to severe stages of UC and
     CD, thus distinguishing them from mesalazine.14
(23) In addition, the respective modes of action of mesalazine and biologics are quite
     different. Mesalazine is a type of amino salicylate containing 5-aminosalicylic acid
     (5-ASA). It works by reducing inflammation on the wall of the intestine and as such has
     a predominantly topical action. Mesalazine is generally very well tolerated as it acts
     locally and has low toxicity. Different classes of biologic treatment have different modes
     of action but they have in common the fact that they target the cause of the
     inflammation, e.g. by suppressing the immune response directly or blocking the
     pathways that would usually lead to an immune response. Biologics therefore address the
     disease in a more fundamental way than mesalazine, which simply treats the symptoms
     topically.
(24) The mode of administration of mesalazine is also different from that of biologics.
     Mesalazine is administered either orally or rectally whereas biologics are available as
     either intravenous or subcutaneous formulations, and are therefore often administered in
     a hospital setting. The results of the market investigation confirmed that mesalazine is
     normally distributed through retail pharmacies for patients to take at home.15 This means
     that the main purchasers of biologics are hospitals whereas mesalazine is predominantly
     purchased by retail pharmacies.
(25) In view of the above findings, the Commission concludes that mesalazine and biologics
     do not belong to the same product market, given the difference in their respective mode
     of action, their uses in different lines of treatment, and the difference in purchasing and
     prescribing settings. This is consistent with the Commission's conclusion in case
9  The KOLs contacted during the Commission's market investigation are leading experts in the treatment of
   gastrointestinal diseases, and recognised figures in the European medical community.
10 Questionnaire 2 to physicians, Q3.1 and Q4.
11 Minutes of teleconference call with KOL in gastroenterology, 7 August 2018, 8.00.
12 Questionnaire 3 to pharmacies and hospitals, Q4.
13 Minutes of teleconference call with KOL in gastroenterology, 15 October 2018, 13.30. Minutes of
   teleconference call with KOL in gastroenterology, 9 August 2018, 12.00.
14 Questionnaire 2 to physicians, Q9.1. Minutes of teleconference call with KOL in gastroenterology,
   7 August 2018, 8.00.
15 Questionnaire 3 to pharmacies and hospitals, Q3.1, Q17.
                                                            5
 ---pagebreak---      M.7339 Abbvie/Shire, in which mesalazine and biologics were considered to be in
     separate markets.
4.1.1.2.         Mesalazine
(26) The Commission has not previously defined a specific market including mesalazine. As
     explained in Section 4.1.1.1, in case M.7339 Abbvie/Shire, the Commission concluded
     that mesalazine (a type of 5-ASA) and Humira (a biologic agent) belonged to separate
     markets, meaning that it would not be appropriate to define a market including
     mesalazine at the level of the ATC3 class (which in this case would be ATC A7E "IBD
     products").
(27) In line with the Commission's standard practice in cases involving pharmaceutical
     products, the market for mesalazine-based drugs could therefore either be defined at the
     molecule level, i.e. a market for mesalazine only, or at the level of the ATC4 class,
     which would be ATC A7E1 "intestinal amino salicylate products". This market would
     include, in addition to mesalazine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide and olsalazine.
(28) The Notifying Party submits that the appropriate market definition comprises all
     conventional treatments for mild to moderate UC and CD, including at least the other
     pharmaceuticals included in the ATC4 class A7E1 (sulfasalazine, balsalazide and
     olsalazine) and the ATC4 class A7E2 (corticosteroids).
(29) The market investigation confirmed that mesalazine is the standard first line treatment in
     UC. When asked to name alternatives to mesalazine, doctors tended to name those
     products currently used after mesalazine (i.e. second-line treatments) rather than other
     5-ASAs.16 The very fact that these treatments are currently recommended to be used in
     second line, rather than first line, in clinical guidelines, indicates that they are not direct
     substitutes for mesalazine. They have different modes of action and often a less good
     safety profile compared to mesalazine.
(30) For the purposes of this case, it is not necessary to determine the exact scope of the
     product market concerning mesalazine-based drugs as, in all plausible markets, including
     the narrowest plausible market, which would be the market restricted to the mesalazine
     molecule only, no competition concerns would arise.
4.1.1.3.         Anti-integrins for use in treating UC and CD
(31) Apart from the decision in case M.7339 Abbvie/Shire, which did not deal specifically
     with vedolizumab, there are no other past Commission cases in which a market for
     biologics for use in CD and UC has been assessed.
(32) The Notifying Party submits that the correct market definition includes all biologics and
     small molecule agents for the treatment of UC and CD, as the same group of patients
     could be prescribed any of these treatments. Whilst acknowledging that the different
     biologic treatments have different modes of action, and that some are more commonly
     used as first line biologic and others as second or third line, the Notifying Party
     nonetheless claims that this choice is "fluid" and that it therefore would not be
16  Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q7.
                                                     6
 ---pagebreak---      appropriate to define markets for the different lines of treatment or different classes of
     biologics.
(33) There are, however, in the Commission's view, a number of reasons for considering that
     it may be appropriate to define a narrower market for the group of biologics of the same
     type as vedolizumab, this being a market for anti-integrins.
(34) The biologic treatments currently available for UC and CD can be categorised into three
     main groups, on the basis of their mode of action. These are: (i) anti-TNFs: adalimumab,
     infliximab and golimumab; (ii) anti-integrins: vedolizumab17; and (iii) IL inhibitors (or
     anti-ILs): ustekinumab (an anti-IL23).
(35) Anti-TNFs target and suppress a protein called the tumour necrosis factor (TNF), which
     is part of the inflammatory response. The TNF-α cell signalling protein (cytokine)
     activates inflammatory transcription factors which regulate inflammatory response and,
     as a result, lead to chronic inflammation in IBD. The activation of these transcription
     factors stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mobilisation of
     inflammatory cells. Anti-TNFs bind to TNF-α and, thereby, interrupt the inflammatory
     response.
(36) Anti-integrins reduce inflammatory activity by binding integrins (transmembrane
     receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular adhesion), and, thereby, blocking them from
     inflamed tissue. Vedolizumab in particular binds to the α4β7 integrin on white blood
     cells called lymphocytes. These cells are prevented from binding to a molecule found in
     the lining of the gut and thus reduce inflammation.
(37) IL inhibitors are immunosuppressive agents which inhibit the action of interleukins
     (signalling proteins that are synthesised by lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages and
     certain other cells). Interleukins play a role in the regulation of the immune system. IL
     inhibitors work by preventing the sub-unit of the interleukin from binding to a receptor
     protein on the surface of the immune cells. They thus interrupt the signalling pathways
     that cause the immune reaction (and thus inflammation) in IBD.
(38) These three types of biologics, whilst all serving to reduce inflammation in IBD,
     therefore have clearly distinct modes of action. Moreover, there are a number of specific
     differences which set anti-integrins apart from both anti-TNFs and IL inhibitors, which
     have implications for prescribing practice and are therefore important to consider in the
     context of product market definition.
(39) First, anti-TNFs and IL inhibitors suppress the immune system generally, whilst anti-
     integrins act specifically on the gut wall as they prevent the trafficking of lymphocytes to
     this area. This means that anti-integrins reduce the inflammation in the gut, without
     causing a general immunosuppressant effect. Anti-TNFs and IL inhibitors, meanwhile,
     reduce the inflammation on the gut wall by suppressing the immune system. This has the
     side effect of increasing the risk that the patient contracts other, sometimes very serious,
     infections. As a result, anti-integrins have a much better safety profile than other
     biologics, as confirmed by the results of the market investigation.18 A KOL explained,
17 Marketed by Takeda under the brand name Entyvio.
18 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q27.1 and Q27.2. Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q16.1 and Q16.2.
                                                        7
 ---pagebreak---      for example, that "vedolizumab …. does not affect the immune cell trafficking elsewhere
     in the body, e.g. in the brain or lungs. As a result, there is no risk of patients developing
     pneumonia or other such conditions …. Entyvio has an advantage from a safety
     perspective, and equal efficacy."19
(40) Furthermore, KOLs confirmed that the superior safety profile of Entyvio, as an anti-
     integrin, relative to other biologics has a strong influence on their prescribing choices. In
     particular, Entyvio can be used in various groups of patients for whom other biologics
     would not be suitable, including elderly people, very young patients, pregnant women,
     patients with previous or existing comorbidities (such as infections or cancer), and
     patients that have had problems with tolerance of other treatments in the past.20
(41) A leading physician in the filed explained that "Entyvio is particularly suitable for use in
     older patients or those with comorbidities, where it is important not to suppress the
     immune system. When a patient has suffered with side effects from treatments given in
     the past or has had cancer, the treatment should be as gut-selective as possible, and
     Entyvio is therefore the ideal choice."21
(42) The importance of the superior safety profile of anti-TNFs is also reflected in the fact
     that Entyvio is increasingly being used as a first-line biologic, not only in the specific
     groups of patients for which other biologics are not an alternative, but also more
     generally. Having been launched after anti-TNFs, Entyvio had traditionally been seen as
     an alternative biologic to be used when a patient loses response to anti-TNFs (which
     occurs very often). More recently, however, […]22 and doctors also confirmed that it is
     increasingly chosen as the first biologic to be prescribed, in particular in UC, as it offers
     equivalent efficacy to anti-TNFs combined with lower risks of infection and other side
     effects.23
(43) Responses to the market investigation indicated more generally that anti-integrins are
     used in different circumstances and are chosen for different reasons relative to other
     biologics, in particular anti-TNFs. Anti-TNFs have a quick onset of action and would
     therefore be preferred (other things being equal) when a severe form of the disease needs
     to be brought under control quickly. Similarly, if a patient is suffering from extra-
     intestinal symptoms, such as arthritis or skin conditions, then the more general
     immunosuppressant effect of anti-TNFs would be an advantage, as the same treatment
     would address the different symptoms.24
(44) Similarly, although IL inhibitors (specifically Stelara, the one IL inhibitor currently
     available, and which is only indicated for CD) are considered to have a slightly better
     safety profile than anti-TNFs, they nonetheless have a general immunosuppressant
     effect, and do not therefore offer the same advantages in terms of safety as anti-integrins.
     A leading expert in the field confirmed that, as a result, ustekinumab is more similar to
19 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in gastroenterology, 9 August 2018 12.00.
20 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q24, Q25, Q27. Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in
   gastroenterology, 7 August 2018 8.00.
21 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in gastroenterology, 15 October 2018 13.30.
22 [Information on Takeda’s internal documents].
23 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q17.
24 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in gastroenterology, 15 October 2018 1:30pm.
                                                          8
 ---pagebreak---      anti-TNFs than to Entyvio, and is used in the same type of patients, for example those
     suffering psoriasis or arthritis in addition to IBD.25
(45) In addition to the three types of biologic treatments described above, a number of small
     molecules are also currently under development for the treatment of moderate to severe
     CD and UC. In particular, one small molecule developed by Pfizer (tofacitinib, a JAK
     inhibitor) is expected to soon become available for the treatment of UC. One of the
     differences between small molecules and biologic agents is the route of administration:
     while, as already explained, biologic agents are administrated either intravenously or in
     subcutaneous form, small molecules are taken orally. Although small molecule such as
     JAK inhibitors are not yet available on the market and thus their characteristics,
     including efficacy, cannot be fully assessed, doctors that responded to the market
     investigation indicated that these molecules are expected to have a poorer safety profile
     compared to gut-selective treatments such as anti-integrins.26 As explained by the
     Notifying Party in the Form CO, […].27
(46) The specificity of anti-integrins (and, at present, Entyvio, as the only anti-integrin
     currently available on the market) is also confirmed by purchasing patterns. Information
     submitted by the Notifying Party […]. This is confirmed by the results of the market
     investigation,28 which also indicated that anti-TNFs are frequently sourced through
     tender procedures.29 The fact that Entyvio is not included in tenders alongside anti-TNFs
     is consistent with the finding that it is not substitutable in use, and that hospitals
     therefore require Entyvio to be purchased without reference to the price of anti-TNFs, as
     this class of biologics would often not constitute a suitable alternative for physicians.
(47) This is further confirmed by evidence suggesting that anti-TNFs exert little if any price
     pressure on Entyvio. The first infliximab biosimilars were introduced in the EEA after
     the reference medicine Remicade lost exclusivity in most EEA countries in 2015. There
     are now four such biosimilars approved in the EEA. The results of the market
     investigation indicated that, contrary to the Notifying Party's claims, the introduction of
     these biosimilars at a lower price compared to the anti-TNF originator Remicade, has
     had no or only very minimal effect on the price of Entyvio, whilst the price of Remicade
     itself has fallen considerably.30 In particular, the majority of hospital purchasers
     confirmed that the price of Remicade had decreased since the introduction of biosimilars
     to infliximab, with a significant number observing dramatic drops. One hospital noted,
     for example, that "the price of Remicade has been approximately divided by three during
     the last three years".31 Competitors expressed very similar views, with one stating, for
     example, that "it decreased the overall value of the infliximab market by 60%".32 Only a
     much smaller proportion of competitors considered the introduction of infliximab
     biosimilars to have had an effect on the prices of other anti-TNFs, and this would appear
25 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in gastroenterology, 15 October 2018 1:30pm.
26 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, specialist in gastroenterology, 15 October 2018 1:30pm.
27 Form CO, paragraph 219.
28 Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q16.
29 Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q14.
30 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q36. Questionnaire 3 to pharmacies, Q24. Minutes of teleconference with
   KOL in gastroenterology, 9 August 2018 12.00.
31 Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q24.1.
32 Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q21.1.
                                                          9
 ---pagebreak---      to depend very much on the specific tendering systems in different competitor. One
     competitor explained: "In some countries, the entry of biosimilars has also led to
     decreases in the prices of other anti-TNFs, such as Humira and Simponi, however, the
     decrease in prices has been to a lesser extent than the decrease in the price of
     Remicade."33 The vast majority of both competitors and hospitals did not consider the
     introduction of infliximab biosimilars to have had any effect on the pricing of Entyvio.34
     This indicates that biosimilars to anti-TNFs exert competitive pressure on the originator,
     and potentially on other anti-TNFs, but do not appear to compete with Entyvio,
     suggesting again that they do not form part of the same product market.
(48) Lastly, [information related to Takeda’s internal documents].35
(49) For the reasons presented above, the Commission concludes that there are strong
     indications that the appropriate market definition would be limited to anti-integrins for
     use in UC and CD. For the purposes of this Decision, it is not necessary to take a view as
     to whether a distinction should be made between anti-integrins for use in UC and anti-
     integrins for use in CD, since Takeda's marketed product is indicated, and Shire's
     pipeline is being developed, for both conditions. The Commission therefore concludes
     that, for the purpose of this Decision, the market for anti-integrins for use in UC and CD
     is the relevant market to be considered.
4.1.2.    Treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
(50) CIC is a chronic motility disorder that typically affects women and older people. The
     main symptoms of the disease are infrequent stools, which are often difficult to pass, but
     the underlying cause is unknown.
(51) The standard treatment for CIC is over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives, followed by
     prescription laxatives if these are not effective. The effectiveness of these treatments is
     limited, and they are currently only indicated for use in women.
(52) The EphMRA classification groups all laxatives together at ATC3 level (under A6A
     "drugs for constipation"). Different types of laxative are then classified at ATC4 level,
     with A6A9 "other drugs for constipation" covering all products that do not fall into one
     of the other specific categories.
(53) In its most recent case involving treatments for constipation, M.7919 Sanofi/Boehringer
     Ingelheim Consumer Healthcare Business, the Commission concluded that the market
     should be assessed at the ATC3 level (i.e. all types of laxative) but left open whether a
     distinction should be made between OTC and prescription products. It should also be
     noted that no reference was made in that case to the class A6A9, the ATC4 class to
     which the products in question in this case belong. In another recent case,
     M.7379 Mylan/Abbott EPD-DM, the Commission did not exclude that the appropriate
     market may be defined at ATC4 level (in that case, A6A6 osmotic laxatives).
33  Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q21.2.
34  Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q21.3. Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q24.3.
35 [Information related to Takeda’s internal documents].
                                                         10
 ---pagebreak--- (54) The Notifying Party submits that the appropriate market definition in this area would
      encompass all treatments for constipation, i.e. the entire ATC3 class A6A, on the basis of
      the argument that the different classes of laxative can be used as substitutes for one
      another.
(55) For the purposes of this case, the Commission can leave the exact product market
      definition open, as the Transaction is unlikely to create competition concerns in relation
      to treatments for CIC under any plausible product market definition.
4.2.     Geographic market definition
(56) The Commission has consistently considered the markets for prescription
      pharmaceuticals to be national in scope.36 For pipeline products, the Commission has
      considered the geographic scope of the market to be at least EEA-wide.37 There would
      appear to be no reason to depart from this practice in the current case.
4.2.1.     Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
4.2.1.1.          Markets including mesalazine
(57) In accordance with the Commission's practice, as referred to above, the various plausible
      markets including mesalazine will be assessed at national level, as both Parties have
      marketed products of this type.
4.2.1.2.          A market for anti-integrins for use in treating UC and CD
(58) In accordance with the Commission's practice, as referred to above, the market for anti-
      integrins will be assessed at EEA level, in view of the fact that the horizontal overlap
      involves a pipeline product.
4.2.1.3.          Treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
(59) In accordance with the Commission's practice, as referred to above, the various plausible
      markets for treatments for CIC will be assessed at national level, as both Parties have
      marketed products of this type.
36  See, for example, M.8675 CVC/Teva's Women's Health Business, 20 December 2017, M.7559
    Pfizer/Hospira, 4 August 2015.
37 See, for example, M.8401 J&J/Actelion, 9 June 2017, M.7872 Novartis/GSK (Ofatumumab outoimmune
    indications), 18 December 2015.
                                                     11
 ---pagebreak--- 4.3.     Competitive analysis
4.3.1.     Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
4.3.1.1.           Mesalazine
(60) The only geographic market in which the Transaction would create an affected market
      for mesalazine (or any possible wider marketed including mesalazine) is the Netherlands.
      The table below shows the market shares on the narrowest possible basis, i.e. a market
      for mesalazine-based treatments.
      Table 2: Market shares for mesalazine for use in UC and CD, 2015-201738
                                    2015                     2016                      2017
                           Volume         Value       Volume       Value       Volume       Value
            Takeda
                           [5-10]%       [5-10]%      [5-10]%    [5-10]%       [5-10]%     [5-10]%
          (Asacol)
             Shire
                          [10-20]% [10-20]% [10-20]% [10-20]% [10-20]% [10-20]%
        (Mezavant)
          Combined        [20-30]% [20-30]% [20-30]% [20-30]% [20-30]% [20-30]%
            Ferring
                          [40-50]% [40-50]% [40-50]% [40-50]% [40-50]% [40-50]%
          (Pentasa)
            Dr Falk
                          [30-40]% [30-40]% [30-40]% [30-40]% [30-40]% [30-40]%
         (Salofalk)
(61) As can be seen from the table above, the merged entity would be the third largest
      supplier of mesalazine in the Netherlands (as Shire is today), and would face competition
      from Ferring (the market leader with […] [40-50]% market share) and Dr Falk (with
      [30-40]% market share), in addition to at least four suppliers of generic mesalazine
      products that are not captured in the above market shares, but which also exert an
      effective competitive constraint on the Parties.39 It is therefore most likely that the above
      figures overestimate the Parties' position on this market.
(62) The Notifying Party submits that Asacol is […]. Although these do not appear in the
      market shares (as explained above), the Notifying Party also points out that generic
      mesalazine products are available and exert considerable competitive pressure. Lastly,
      the Notifying Party submits that there is no particular closeness of competition between
      Takeda and Shire's products: Takeda's product (similarly to the Ferring and Dr Falk
      products) is taken three to four times a day whereas Shire's product has a delayed action
      mechanism and can be taken once a day only.
(63) The market investigation results confirmed that Ferring and Dr Falk, as suggested by the
      market shares, are generally considered to be the top suppliers of mesalazine in the
      Netherlands. Shire is generally named as a […] choice and only one competitor
38  Market shares were also provided for each of UC and CD separately. These are very similar to those for the
    two diseases together. The highest combined market share over a three year period is [20-30]% in CD, in
    value terms, in 2015.
39 The Notifying Party explained that there are no data available including all mesalazine products (i.e. both
    branded and generic) but restricted to sales for use in UC and CD. Data including generic products also
    includes sales for use in other diseases. Sales volumes suggest, however, that use in UC and CD accounts for
    a significant part of mesalazine use. Considering, for comparison purposes, all sales of mesalazine in the
    Netherlands – both branded and generic, for all diseases – the Parties' sales accounted for […] [10-20]% of
    the total in 2017.
                                                            12
 ---pagebreak---       mentioned Takeda amongst the top suppliers.40 Although Shire and Takeda's products
      are similar to each other, in that they are both available as tablets whereas Ferring and Dr
      Falk's products are granules,41 this does not appear to make them particularly close
      competitors, as it is not a decisive factor in doctors' choices. One physician explained,
      for example that "[t]here is little clinically relevant difference between the mesalazine
      delivery systems".42 In general, both physicians and competitors generally considered
      there to be relatively little differentiation between the different brands of mesalazine
      available.43 A competitor offering a generic mesalazine in the Netherlands explained, for
      example, that "[b]ased on the scientific evidence available, there does not appear to be
      clinically relevant differences in efficacy or safety among the various mesalazine
      formulations and dosing regimens."44 No market participants expressed concerns as to
      any potential consequences of the Transaction on a possible market for mesalazine in the
      Netherlands, or any wider market including mesalazine.
(64) Given the Parties' relatively modest combined market share (which never exceeds
      [20-30]%45, but is most likely overestimated as does not take into account the generics
      competitors), and the presence of strong competitors whose products appear to be
      preferred to those of the Parties, the Commission concludes that the Transaction does not
      raise serious doubts as to its compatibility with the internal market on any plausible
      market including mesalazine in the Netherlands.
4.3.1.2.          A market for anti-integrins for use in treating UC and CD
(65) Takeda's marketed product Entyvio would currently have 100% market share on any
      national market for anti-integrins in the EEA, it being the only biologic of this kind
      currently indicated for use in UC and CD in this region.
(66) Shire is developing one of two anti-integrins currently in clinical trials, the other being
      owned by Roche. Shire's pipeline product, like Roche's, is currently in Phase III clinical
      trials. The three products – Takeda's marketed product Entyvio and the two pipelines
      owned by Shire and Roche respectively – all belong to the class of anti-integrins, but are
      three different molecules: (i) Entyvio: vedolizumab; (ii) Shire's pipeline (SHP647): anti-
      MAdCAM-1; and (iii) Roche's pipeline: etrolizumab. The exact mode of action of the
      three molecules is slightly different but the overall effect in each case is to prevent the
      trafficking of lymphocytes to the intestinal wall.46
40  Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q5.
41  Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q6 and Q7.
42  Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q21.
43  Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q21, Q22. Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q7.
44  Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q7.
45  Market shares were also provided for each of UC and CD separately. These are very similar to those for the
    two diseases together. The highest combined market share over a three year period is [20-30]% in CD, in
    value terms, in 2015.
46  The three molecules each block the binding of the integrin to its receptor in a slightly different way:
    vedolizumab targets the α4β7 integrin and prevents it from binding to its receptor, the MAdCAM molecule;
    etrolizumab targets both the β7 subunit of α4β7, and αEβ7; anti-MAdCAM-1 targets the MAdCAM antigen
    which in turn prevents the binding of MAdCAM to α4β7.
                                                          13
 ---pagebreak--- (67) The overriding similarity in the mode of action of these three molecules therefore sets
     them apart from all other biologic treatments, as they are all gut-specific and do not have
     the general immunosuppressant effect characteristic of other classes of biologics.
     The Notifying Party's view
(68) The Notifying Party submits that the market-to-pipeline overlap between Takeda and
     Shire’s products would not have any significant effect on this market due to the high
     general level of competition and […].
(69) In particular, the Notifying Party argues that […].
(70) In addition, the Notifying Party maintains that, even were Shire's SHP647 to be
     approved, it would be the third anti-integrin to reach the market after Roche’s
     etrolizumab, and that the treatment landscape would be very competitive.
(71) In this regard, the Notifying Party also submits that a significant number of other
     pipelines may reach the market in the intervening period, with a range of modes of
     action. These include small molecule agents that have the added advantage of being
     administered orally. Similarly, the Notifying Party emphasises that an increasing number
     of existing treatments are losing exclusivity and that adalimumab biosimilars (the first of
     which is due to be launched later this year) […]. The Notifying Party maintains that both
     new originator products and biosimilars […].
(72) The Notifying Party therefore claims in the Form CO that […].
     The Commission's assessment
(73) The Commission acknowledges that IBD, as claimed by the Parties, would appear to be a
     disease area where there is considerable R&D activity. There are a significant number of
     new treatments already in Phase III clinical trials (and an even greater number at earlier
     stages of development). Nonetheless, as mentioned above, there are only two anti-
     integrins at any stage of development (SHP647 and Roche’s etrolizumab),47 and their
     mode of action differentiates these compounds from other categories of treatment.
     Closeness of competition
(74) In light of the market investigation results, the Commission considers that anti-integrins
     are likely to remain the closest competitors to one another, even if other biologic and
     small molecule treatments reach the market in the intervening period.
(75) As explained in more detail in the product market definition, anti-integrins have a better
     safety profile than other classes of biologics, due to their gut-specific mode of action,48
     and there are situations in which anti-integrins (and thus currently Entyvio) would be the
     only suitable treatment.49
47 Another anti-integrin, natalizumab, is also available in the US, but is rarely used and was never launched in
   the EEA due to the high number of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
48 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q10, Q16.
49 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q30, Q31.
                                                           14
 ---pagebreak--- (76) A major competitor confirmed that the similarity in the mode of action of the two
     treatments is very likely to make them close competitors: "Takeda's vedolizumab and
     Shire's SHP647 are both gut-homing T-cell blockers. While their mechanism of action is
     slightly different, they both aim to stop the trafficking of lymphocytes to the gut wall and
     thus have very similar effects. From a theoretical perspective, the products are very
     similar in their effects, speed of action and safety. Although Shire's SHP647 is not on the
     market yet and, thus, it cannot be assessed in practice, doctors are likely to consider this
     product and Takeda's vedolizumab as part of the same "class" of treatment."50
(77) Almost all competitors that expressed a view predicted that SHP647 would compete
     most closely with other anti-integrins, and thus Entyvio, due to the similarity in their
     mode of action.51 One major competitor in the area of gastroenterology explained, for
     example, that "it is likely that SHP647 would most closely compete with Entyvio, as they
     are both anti-integrins, with only subtle difference in the mode of action."52
     Insufficient competitive pressure from neighbouring markets
(78) Whilst concluding that the appropriate market is limited to anti-integrins, the
     Commission nonetheless recognises that competitive pressure could theoretically be
     exerted on Entyvio by products in neighbouring markets, i.e. other classes of biologics,
     these being anti-TNFs and IL-inhibitors, and potentially the new small molecule agents,
     the first of which (a JAK inhibitor) has been launched very recently.
(79) The results of the market investigation suggest, however, that competitive pressure from
     these neighbouring markets is limited. This is mainly because other types of biologic
     treatment do not offer the same specific advantages as Entyvio, in particular with respect
     to safety, and do not therefore constitute suitable alternatives in many of the situations in
     which Entyvio would be prescribed, such as for patients with comorbidities.53
(80) A major competitor explained, for example, that "[Entyvio's] advantage is in being a
     new targeted therapy which lacks systemic immunosuppression, with no cases of extra-
     pulmonary or systemic tuberculosis in contrast to anti-TNFs."54 Another competitor
     stated, similarly, that "when compared to anti-TNFs, Entyvio has a new and more GI-
     specific MoA [mode of action] leading to a better safety profile (less risk of infection)."55
(81) Some market participants also mentioned that Entyvio is particularly effective in
     maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis, whilst anti-TNFs in particular can lose
     effectiveness relatively quickly.56
(82) The lack of direct competitive pressure exerted by these other classes of biologics (and in
     future small molecule agents) is also demonstrated by the fact that Entyvio is purchased
     outside of tenders, whilst anti-TNFs in particular often compete against one another
     within the same tender procedures. Whilst purchasing patterns vary somewhat between
50 Minutes of teleconference with a competitor, 6 September 2018, 1:30pm.
51 Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q34.
52 Questionnaire 2 to competitors, Q34.
53 See Section 4.1.1.3.
54 Questionnaire 1 to competitors, Q16.
55 Questionnaire 1 to competitors, Q16.
56 Questionnaire 1 to competitors, Q16.
                                                        15
 ---pagebreak---      countries, Entyvio is typically sourced by hospitals through bilateral negotiations,57
     whereas tenders for anti-TNFs create competition between (at least) the different
     biosimilars and originators of a specific molecule,58 and, in some cases, the different
     anti-TNFs.59
(83) Similarly, as explained in Section 4.1.1.3, the introduction of biosimilars to Remicade
     (one of the two most often prescribed anti-TNFs) has had little if any effect on the
     pricing of Entyvio, whilst the price of Remicade itself has fallen considerably.60 This
     shows that biosimilars to anti-TNFs exert competitive pressure on the originator, and
     potentially on other anti-TNFs, but do not appear to exert any significant price pressure
     on Entyvio.
(84) The Commission therefore notes that, while there may be some competitive pressure
     exerted on anti-integrins by other classes of biologics that are in neighbouring markets,
     this has not been sufficient in the past to affect pricing of Entyvio as the other classes of
     treatment often do not offer doctors a genuine alternative. As such, whilst there may be
     some competition between the different classes of biologics, for example in patients
     where a number of treatments would be possible, other types of biologics would not
     exert the same competitive pressure on Entyvio as would another anti-integrin.
     Likely delay or discontinuation in the development of SHP647 post-Transaction
(85) The market investigation has revealed the concern of some respondents that Takeda
     would delay or discontinue the development of SHP647 due to the risk of cannibalising
     sales of Entyvio post-Transaction.
(86) KOLs are generally very positive about the prospects for SHP647 and emphasise the
     need for new treatment options, given in particular the tendency for specific drugs to lose
     effectiveness after a certain period of time and the lifelong nature of the diseases. Given
     in addition the importance of a good safety profile when choosing a biologic treatment,
     particularly for certain groups of patients, the addition of a further anti-integrin to the
     treatment landscape is seen by doctors as an important development.
(87) A KOL in the field explained that "it would … be difficult for Takeda to differentiate
     Entyvio from the new anti-MAdCAM-1 if it held them both in the same portfolio. The
     arrival of another anti-integrin on the market could be expected to exert some price
     pressure on Entyvio."61
(88) Both KOLs and competitors see Entyvio and SHP647 as close competitors and question
     whether Takeda would have the incentive to continue development, given the risk of
     cannibalising its own sales post-Transaction.
57 Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q16.
58 To date, this has applied exclusively to infliximab, for which biosimilars have been available since 2015.
   Biosimilars to adalimumab have been approved more recently and could be expected to compete directly
   with the originator biologic (Humira) through similar tender procedures as of the end of 2018, by which
   time Humira will have lost exclusivity.
59 Questionnaire 3 to hospitals and pharmacies, Q15.
60 Questionnaire 1 to physicians, Q36. Questionnaire 3 to pharmacies, Q24. Minutes of teleconference with
   KOL in gastroenterology, 9 August 2018 12.00.
61 Minutes of teleconference with KOL, 7 August October 2018, 8.00.
                                                          16
 ---pagebreak--- (89) A KOL familiar with the Shire pipeline explained that "[t]he main question that came to
     the minds of KOLs when hearing about the acquisition of Shire by Takeda was how it
     would affect the development of the anti-MAdCAM pipeline."62
(90) Whilst the Notifying Party maintains that […]. A leading specialist explained that: "If,
     for example, it emerges that the specific mechanism of action of the anti-MAdCAM has
     advantages, then even as the third in class, SHP647 could still win considerable market
     share. In any case, it would offer doctors a further option, which would be very welcome
     in a disease area where loss of responsiveness is a problem."63
(91) A major competitor predicted that "the two products would be likely to partially
     cannibalise each other on the market, rather than adding up to a higher overall market
     share".64 This statement highlights exactly why the merged entity is unlikely to have the
     incentive that Shire would have had pre-merger to bring the pipeline SHP647 to market.
     As such, the Transaction creates a very real risk that the development of a promising new
     treatment will be delayed or abandoned.
(92) Internal documents also indicate that Takeda […].65
(93) In addition, whilst Entyvio would, in the normal course of events, lose patent protection
     in […]. Subject to the results of the clinical trials and the regulatory approvals, the new
     formulation is expected to be launched in the EU in […]. SHP647 would also be
     delivered as a subcutaneous treatment, thus further reducing any potential incentive to
     try to position the two treatments differently within the same portfolio.
(94) In view of the above, and taking into consideration that Entyvio and SHP647, if
     successfully developed, will compete closely with each other and will not face sufficient
     competitive constraints from other products, the Commission considers that Takeda will
     have the incentive to delay or discontinue the development of the SHP647 pipeline
     following the merger. The disappearance or delay of a promising new treatment would
     represent a significant loss of innovation competition, leading to a loss of product variety
     and reduced intensity of future price competition in the product market, to the detriment
     of consumers.
(95) The Commission therefore concludes that the Transaction raises serious doubts as to its
     compatibility with the internal market in relation to the market for anti-integrins for use
     in the treatment of UC and CD.
4.3.2.    Treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
(96) Were the market to be defined narrowly at ATC4 level (A6A9 "other drugs for
     constipation"), an affected market would arise in treatments for chronic idiopathic
     constipation in the UK, as both Parties currently market treatments for this condition.66
62  Minutes of teleconference with KOL, 15 October 2018, 13.30.
63  Minutes of teleconference with KOL, 15 October 2018, 13.30.
64 Minutes of teleconference with a competitor, 6 September 2018, 13.30.
65 […].
66 Takeda markets Amitiza (lubiprostone), a chloride 2 activator, and Shire markets Resolor (prucalopride), a
    5-HT4 receptor agonist, both of which belong to ATC4 class A6A9 "other drugs for constipation.
                                                        17
 ---pagebreak--- (97) The Transaction would not, however, lead to any merger-specific changes on this market
     as […]. […],67 […].
(98) […].
(99) […].
(100) In view of the above, the Commission concludes that the Transaction would not create
      competition concerns on any plausible market for CIC in the UK, given that […].
5.      COMMITMENTS
5.1.    Framework for the assessment of the Commitments
(101) Where a concentration raises serious doubts as regards its compatibility with the internal
      market, the Parties may undertake to modify the concentration so as to remove the
      grounds for the serious doubts identified by the Commission. Pursuant to Article 6(2) of
      the Merger Regulation, where the Commission finds that, following modification by the
      undertakings concerned, a notified concentration no longer raises serious doubts, it shall
      declare the concentration compatible with the internal market pursuant to Article 6(1)(b)
      of the Merger Regulation.
(102) As set out in the Commission’s Remedies Notice,68 the commitments have to eliminate
      the competition concerns entirely, and have to be comprehensive and effective from all
      points of view.69
(103) In assessing whether commitments will maintain effective competition, the Commission
      considers all relevant factors, including the type, scale and scope of the proposed
      commitments, with reference to the structure and particular characteristics of the market
      in which the Transaction is likely to significantly impede effective competition,
      including the position of the Parties and other participants on the market.70
(104) In order for the commitments to comply with those principles, they must be capable of
      being implemented effectively within a short period of time. Concerning the form of
      acceptable commitments, the Merger Regulation gives discretion to the Commission as
      long as the commitments meet the requisite standard. Structural commitments will meet
      the conditions set out above only in so far as the Commission is able to conclude with
      the requisite degree of certainty, at the time of its Decision, that it will be possible to
      implement them and that it will be likely that the new commercial structures resulting
      from them will be sufficiently workable and lasting to ensure that effective competition
      will be maintained.71 Divestiture commitments are normally the best way to eliminate
      competition concerns resulting from horizontal overlaps.
67  […].
68  Commission Notice on remedies acceptable under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 and under
    Commission Regulation (EC) No 802/2004 (OJ C 267, 22.10.2008, p. 1-27).
69 Remedies Notice, paragraphs 9 and 61.
70 Remedies Notice, paragraph 12.
71 Remedies Notice, paragraph 10.
                                                    18
 ---pagebreak--- 5.2.     Proposed Commitments
(105) In order to render the concentration compatible with the internal market, the Parties
       submitted a set of commitments under Article 6(2) of the Merger Regulation on 26
       October 2018 (the "Initial Commitments"). The Commission market tested the Initial
       Commitments in order to assess whether they are sufficient and suitable to remedy the
       serious doubts identified in Section 4.3.1 of this Decision. Following the feedback
       received during the market test, the Initial Commitments were refined and improved,
       and amended commitments were submitted on 16 November 2018 (the "Final
       Commitments"). The Final Commitments are annexed to this Decision and form an
       integral part thereof.
5.2.1.     Initial Commitments
(106) In order to dispel the serious doubts raised by the Commission, the Parties submitted
       commitments consisting of a full divestiture of the development, manufacturing and
       marketing rights related to Shire's SHP647 pipeline ("the Product"). The Product is
       under development by Shire following an out-licensing agreement with Pfizer whereby
       the latter granted […] rights to Shire. The Product is currently undergoing: (i) seven
       Phase III clinical trials for use in UC and CD; (ii) […]; and (iii) […]. Furthermore, in
       relation to the Product, Shire is developing […].
(107) The Divestment Business includes assets necessary to conduct and complete the
       Product's global clinical trials, obtain the required marketing authorisation from
       regulatory authorities (if the trials are successful) and bring the product to the EEA and
       (potentially) non-EEA markets. In particular, the Divestment Business includes the
       following main intangible and tangible assets: (i) rights to conduct the clinical trials,
       manufacture and market the Product globally; (ii) patents, copyrights, data and know-
       how related to the Product; (iii) trade names for the Product; (iv) licences, permits and
       authorisations issued by third parties in relation to the Product; (v) the relevant reports
       related to the clinical trials, regulatory files, books and records, and the documentation
       related to marketing and inventories for the Product; (vi) contracts with third parties, to
       the extent these are transferrable; and (vii) certain members of personnel working on the
       SHP647 programme.
(108) Furthermore, with the aim of ensuring a smooth transfer of the Divestment Business, the
       Parties committed to a number of transitional supply arrangements, including regarding:
       (i) the supply of services (e.g. technical assistance), for up to […]; (ii) the supply of the
       active ingredient for SHP 647, for up to […]; (iii) the continued sponsorship of the
       clinical trials, until […]; and (iv) the supply of products and services provided to Shire
       by third parties, through back-to-back arrangements, if the contracts in question cannot
       be transferred, for up to […].
(109) In addition to the standard Purchaser requirements, the Initial Commitments provided
       that the Purchaser must have: (i) established capabilities in the clinical development of
       biologic or biosimilar medicinal products for EEA approval; (ii) expertise and
       experience in interactions with EEA-wide and national bodies that decide on approval
       of biologic or biosimilar medicinal products and on pricing and reimbursement of
       biologic or biosimilar medicinal products; (iii) established capabilities or a track record
       in the distribution of biologic or biosimilar medicinal products in the EEA; and (iv) a
       complementary product portfolio in the clinical areas relevant to SHP647.
                                                      19
 ---pagebreak--- (110) In addition, the Commitments provide for the Parties to enter into related commitments,
       inter alia regarding the separation of the divested businesses from their retained
       businesses, the preservation of the viability, marketability and competitiveness of the
       divested businesses, including the appointment of a monitoring trustee and, if necessary,
       a divestiture trustee.
(111) Finally, the Initial Commitments provide for the rights to manufacture and market the
       Product outside the EEA to potentially be returned to the merged entity after the
       divestiture, on the basis of commercial arrangements to be agreed with the Purchaser.
(112) The Parties argued that the Commitments remedy the Commission's concerns since they
       remove the entire potential overlap with respect to the Parties' marketed and pipeline
       products used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC and CD. The Parties further
       argued that the assets to be transferred are sufficient for a Purchaser to continue the
       development and, depending on the outcome of the clinical trials, ultimately market the
       SHP647 compound, thus allowing the Purchaser to operate the Divestment Business as
       a viable and independent business in the EEA.72 In addition, the Parties explained that
       Shire has already incurred […] part of the estimated development costs for the pipeline,
       which has already reached an advanced development stage (Phase III clinical trials),
       thereby making its divestment an attractive commercial opportunity for potential
       purchasers.73
5.2.2.    Results of the market test
(113) The market test was launched on 29 October 2018 and sought to assess the scope and
       effectiveness of the Initial Commitments, their viability, the attractiveness of the
       Divestment Business, and the appropriateness of the Purchaser criteria.
(114) The majority of market participants that responded to the market test considered the
       Divestment Business to be an attractive asset likely to appeal to suitable purchasers.74
(115) In terms of its scope, market participants were of the opinion that the Divestment
       Business includes all the necessary assets for a purchaser to be able to continue the
       clinical trials and ultimately bring the product to the EEA market.75 Some competitors
       indicated that specific additional documents related to pre-clinical studies may be
       required as part of the reporting and data that are transferred to the Purchaser.76
(116) As concerns the potential licence-back for the non-EEA rights, the respondents to the
       market test noted that it is very common for a particular biologic drug to be
       manufactured on two different sites.77 Furthermore, all KOLs considered it customary
       for different companies to market the same drug in different geographic regions.78 The
       majority of respondents were of the opinion that the potential split of the manufacturing
       and marketing rights for SHP647 (between the Purchaser in the EEA and potentially
72  Form RM, paragraph 19.
73  Form RM, paragraph 20.
74  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q12. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q10.
75  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q3. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q1.
76  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q3.
77  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q8 and Q11.
78  Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q9.
                                                        20
 ---pagebreak---        Takeda in non-EEA regions) would not affect the viability or competitiveness of the
       Divestment Business.79 Similarly, the majority of competitors considered that there
       would not be any effect on the purchaser's incentive to continue development of the
       SHP647 and bring it to the market.80
(117) As regards potential implementation risks, while market participants acknowledged that
       the transfer of third party supply contracts is standard practice in pipeline divestments
       and does not generally entail particular hurdles, they explained that, if contracts with
       third parties are not transferred to the Purchaser (in particular as regards CRO services
       and cell line technology), this could cause delays in the pipeline development.81
(118) Overall, the vast majority of respondents confirmed that the Divestment Business has all
       the assets to be operated in a viable manner by a suitable purchaser,82 and that the Key
       Personnel as identified in the Initial Commitments covered all the necessary roles.83
(119) As concerns the suitable purchaser, the results of the market test also indicated that the
       most suitable type of purchaser would be a large pharma company84 with: (i) experience
       in developing biologics or biosimilars85 and the capacity to market this type of
       treatment in the EEA,86 (ii) experience in dealing with EEA authorities responsible for
       the approval of medicines,87 and (iii) a complementary portfolio in GI and possibly
       even in the area of IBD.88
(120) Competitors were generally of the opinion that the transitional arrangements provided
       for in the Initial Commitments were sufficient to ensure a smooth transfer of the
       Divestment Business.89 Respondents to the market test also indicated that a change in
       the contract research company (CRO) or in the cell line technology used in the
       development of SHP647 could lead to significant delays in its development and
       additional costs.90
5.2.3.    Final Commitments
(121) In view of the results of the market test, the Parties amended the Initial Commitments
       and submitted the Final Commitments on 16 November 2018.
(122) In particular, the main changes aim to mitigate any risks of delays in product
       development during the transitional period and to ensure that the Purchaser has such
       capabilities as will further increase the chances of the product successfully reaching the
       market (and becoming available to patients in need of this treatment in the EEA), as was
79  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q9.
80  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q10.
81  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q19, Q20 and Q21. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q17, 18 and 19.
82  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q5. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q3.
83  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q6. Questionnaire R2 to KOLS, Q4.
84  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q14. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q11.
85  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q16.1. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q14.1.
86  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q16.3. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q14.3.
87  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q16.2. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q14.2.
88  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q16.4. Questionnaire R2 to KOLs, Q14.4.
89  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q17.
90  Questionnaire R1 to competitors, Q19, Q20 and Q21.
                                                        21
 ---pagebreak---        planned prior to the merger. Against this background, the Final Commitments submitted
       by the Parties specifically provide for the following improvements compared to the
       Initial Commitments:
         (a)     to ensure a smooth transfer of the Product without causing delays to its
                 development, the Purchaser must have preliminarily concluded agreements
                 with various third party providers (including the CRO and the provider of the
                 cell line technology);
         (b)     the Purchaser must have a complementary product portfolio specifically in the
                 area of GI and preferably IBD;
         (c)     Shire must, prior to the closing of the transaction between Takeda and Shire,
                 take the necessary decisions to […] according to the planned schedule;
         (d)     Shire and subsequently Takeda (following closing of the transaction between
                 Takeda and Shire) must continue to provide the CRO with all the input
                 required to ensure that development of SHP647 continues uninterrupted during
                 the transitional period; and
         (e)     the divestment business includes all the relevant documentation on the results
                 of preclinical studies.
(123) The language of the Final Commitments has also been amended to clarify that any
       potential licence-back of the manufacturing and marketing rights outside of the EEA
       (paragraph (111)) will be at the option of the Purchaser.
5.2.4.     Overall assessment of the Final Commitments
(124) The Final Commitments remove the entire overlap between the Parties' activities in
       relation to the market for which the Commission raised serious doubts following the
       results of the Phase I market investigation. In particular, the Final Commitments include
       the tangible and intangible assets necessary to conduct and complete the clinical trials at
       global level for the Product, and, if successful, obtain a marketing authorisation and
       bring the Product to the market.
(125) The Final Commitments also include transitional arrangements which are sufficient,
       both in scope and duration, to ensure a smooth transfer of the Divestment Business to
       the Purchaser. Furthermore, the Final Commitments include targeted purchaser criteria,
       such that the Divestment Business will be transferred to a suitable purchaser.
(126) The Final Commitments also address the shortcomings of the Initial Commitments, as
       identified by market participants in the market test.
(127) On this basis, and in view of the presence of a number of interested Purchasers, the
       Commission considers that the Divestment Business is attractive and likely to be
       acquired by a suitable Purchaser.
(128) For the reasons outlined above, the Commission concludes that the Final Commitments
       are sufficient in scope and suitable to eliminate the serious doubts as to the
       compatibility of the Transaction with the internal market given the purpose of
       Article 6(2) of the Merger Regulation.
                                                    22
 ---pagebreak--- 5.3.    Conditions and obligations
(129) Under the first sentence of the second subparagraph of Article 6(2) of the Merger
      Regulation, the Commission may attach to its decision conditions and obligations
      intended to ensure that the undertakings concerned comply with the commitments they
      have entered into vis-à-vis the Commission with a view to rendering a notified
      concentration compatible with the internal market.
(130) The achievement of the measure that gives rise to the structural change of the market is
      a condition, whereas the implementing steps which are necessary to achieve this result
      are generally obligations on the Parties. Where a condition is not fulfilled, the
      Commission's decision declaring the concentration compatible with the internal market
      no longer stands. Where the undertakings concerned commit a breach of an obligation,
      the Commission may revoke the clearance decision in accordance with Article 8(6) of
      the Merger Regulation. The undertakings concerned may also be subject to fines and
      periodic penalty payments under Articles 14(2) and 15(1) of the Merger Regulation.
(131) In accordance with the distinction described above, the Decision in this case is
      conditioned on the full compliance with the requirements set out in Section B of the
      Final Commitments (including the Schedule), which constitute conditions. The
      remaining requirements set out in the other Section of the Final Commitments constitute
      obligations on Takeda.
(132) The detailed text of the Final Commitments is annexed to this Decision. The full text of
      the final Commitments forms an integral part of this Decision.
6.      CONCLUSION
(133) For the above reasons, the Commission has decided not to oppose the notified operation
      as modified by the commitments and to declare it compatible with the internal market
      and with the functioning of the EEA Agreement, subject to full compliance with the
      conditions in Section B of the Commitments annexed to the present decision and with
      the obligations contained in the other sections of the said Commitments. This Decision
      is adopted in application of Article 6(1)(b) in conjunction with Article 6(2) of the
      Merger Regulation and Article 57 of the EEA Agreement.
                                                      For the Commission
                                                      (Signed)
                                                      Margrethe VESTAGER
                                                      Member of the Commission
                                                  23
 ---pagebreak---                                           M.8955 – Takeda / Shire
          Dated 16 November 2018
 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
                 Shire plc
Case No COMP/M.8955 –Takeda/Shire
   Commitments to the European Commission
 ---pagebreak---                 CASE NO. COMP/M.8955 – Takeda/Shire
            Commitments to the European Commission
Pursuant to Article 6(2 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 139/2004 (the “Merger
Regulation”), Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (“Takeda”) and Shire plc
(“Shire”) (the “Parties”, each a “Party”) hereby enter into the following Commitments
(the “Commitments”) vis-à-vis the European Commission (the “Commission”) with a
view to rendering the acquisition by Takeda of sole control over Shire (the “Takeda/Shire
Transaction”) compatible with the internal market and the functioning of the EEA
Agreement.
This text shall be interpreted in light of the Commission’s decision pursuant to Article
6(1)(b) of the Merger Regulation to declare the Takeda/Shire Transaction compatible with
the internal market and the functioning of the EEA Agreement (the “Decision”), in the
general framework of European Union law, in particular in light of the Merger Regulation,
and by reference to the Commission Notice on remedies acceptable under Council
Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 and under Commission Regulation (EC) No 802/2004 (the
“Remedies Notice”).
Section A.       Definitions
1.    For the purpose of the Commitments, the following terms shall have the following meaning:
      Affiliated Undertakings: undertakings controlled by the Parties and/or by the ultimate
      parents of the Parties, whereby the notion of control shall be interpreted pursuant to Article 3
      of the Merger Regulation and in light of the Commission Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice
      under Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 on the control of concentrations between
      undertakings (the “Consolidated Jurisdictional Notice”).
      Assets: the assets that contribute to the current operation or are necessary to ensure the
      viability and competitiveness of the Divestment Business as indicated in Section B,
      paragraph 5 (a), (b) and (c) and described more in detail in the Schedule.
      Closing: the transfer of the legal title of the Divestment Business to the Purchaser.
      Closing Period: the period of […] from the approval of the Purchaser and the terms of sale
      by the Commission.
      Confidential Information: any business secrets, know-how, commercial information, or any
      other information of a proprietary nature that is not in the public domain.
      Conflict of Interest: any conflict of interest that impairs the Trustee's objectivity and
      independence in discharging its duties under the Commitments.
      Divestment Business: the business related to Shire’s pipeline compound SHP 647 as
      defined in Section B and in the Schedule which Takeda commits to divest.
      Divestiture Trustee: one or more natural or legal person(s) who is/are approved by the
      Commission and appointed by Takeda and who has/have received from Takeda the
      exclusive Trustee Mandate to sell the Divestment Business to a Purchaser at no minimum
      price.
      Effective Date: the date of adoption of the Decision.
                                                    2
 ---pagebreak--- First Divestiture Period: the period of […].
Hold Separate Manager: the person appointed by the Parties, following approval by the
European Commission, for the Divestment Business to manage the day-to-day business
under the supervision of the Monitoring Trustee.
Key Personnel: all personnel necessary to maintain the viability and competitiveness of the
Divestment Business, as listed in the Schedule, including the Hold Separate Manager.
Monitoring Trustee: one or more natural or legal person(s), who is/are approved by the
Commission and appointed by Takeda, and who has/have the duty to monitor Takeda’s
compliance with the conditions and obligations attached to the Decision.
Personnel: all staff currently employed by the Divestment Business, including staff currently
seconded to the Divestment Business and shared personnel.
Pfizer: Pfizer Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England, with its registered
office at Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom.
Pfizer Agreement: the License Agreement between Pfizer and Shire International GmbH,
dated […], and modifications thereto, whereby Pfizer grants to Shire […].
Purchaser: […] or another third party entity, in each case approved by the Commission as
acquirer of the Divestment Business in accordance with the criteria set out in Section D.
Purchaser Criteria: the criteria laid down in paragraph 17 of these Commitments that the
Purchaser must fulfil in order to be approved by the Commission.
Schedule: the schedule to these Commitments describing more in detail the Divestment
Business.
SHP 647: Shire’s in-licensed pipeline biologic compound (derived from the monoclonal
antibody to MAdCAM), for use in any indication, currently in Phase III clinical trials for the
treatment of Ulcerative colitis ("UC") and Crohn’s disease ("CD") and also expected to
undergo […]. SHP 647 refers to the raw materials, work in progress, drug substance
(including API) and drug product.
SHP 647 API: The active ingredient of SHP 647.
Shire: Shire plc, a company incorporated under the laws of Jersey, with its registered office
at 22 Grenville Street, St Helier, JE4 8PX, Jersey.
Shire International GmbH: an Affiliated Undertaking of Shire incorporated under the laws
of Switzerland, with its registered office at Zahlerweg 10, CH-6300, Zug, Switzerland.
Takeda: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, a company incorporated under the laws
of Japan, with its registered office at 1-1, Doshomachi 4-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Technical Expert: one or more natural or legal person(s), appointed by and reporting to the
Monitoring Trustee, who has/have expertise relevant to the Divestment Business. If the
Monitoring Trustee has the necessary technical expertise, the Monitoring Trustee and
Technical Expert can be the same natural or legal person.
Trustee(s): the Monitoring Trustee and/or the Divestiture Trustee as the case may be.
Trustee Divestiture Period: the period of […] from the end of the First Divestiture Period.
Variation Agreement: […].
                                              3
 ---pagebreak--- Section B.        The commitment to divest and the Divestment Business
      Commitment to divest
 2.   In order to maintain effective competition, Takeda commits to divest the Divestment
      Business by the end of the Trustee Divestiture Period as a going concern to a purchaser
      and on terms of sale approved by the Commission in accordance with the procedure
      described in paragraph 18 of these Commitments. To carry out the divestiture, the Parties
      commit to find a purchaser and to enter into a final binding sale and purchase agreement for
      the sale of the Divestment Business within the First Divestiture Period. If the Parties have
      not entered into such an agreement at the end of the First Divestiture Period, Takeda shall
      grant the Divestiture Trustee an exclusive mandate to sell the Divestment Business in
      accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 32 in the Trustee Divestiture Period.
      […].
 3.   Takeda shall be deemed to have complied with this commitment if:
        (a)     by the end of the Trustee Divestiture Period, Takeda, Shire, or the Divesture
                Trustee has entered into) a final binding sale and purchase agreement ([…]), and
                the Commission approves the proposed purchaser and the terms of transfer or
                sale, as the case may be, as being consistent with the Commitments in
                accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 18; and
        (b)     if the Closing of the sale of the Divestment Business to the Purchaser takes place
                within the Closing Period.
 4.   In order to maintain the structural effect of the Commitments, Takeda shall, for a period of 10
      years after Closing, not acquire, whether directly or indirectly, the possibility of exercising
      influence (as defined in paragraph 43 of the Remedies Notice, footnote 3) over the whole or
      part of the Divestment Business, unless, following the submission of a reasoned request
      from Takeda showing good cause and accompanied by a report from the Monitoring Trustee
      (as provided in paragraph 45 of these Commitments), the Commission finds that the
      structure of the market has changed to such an extent that the absence of influence over
      the Divestment Business is no longer necessary to render the Takeda/Shire Transaction
      compatible with the internal market.
      Structure and definition of the Divestment Business
 5.   The Divestment Business consists of all relevant rights, title and interests in SHP 647
      worldwide including the assignment to the Purchaser of the Pfizer Agreement, as well as
      certain ancillary assets and the rights to or licence for certain technologies needed to
      successfully develop SHP 647. At the option of the Purchaser, the sale of the Divestment
      Business may include a licence-back to the Parties in respect of the right to manufacture
      and market SHP 647 in territories outside the EEA. The legal and functional structure of the
      Divestment Business as operated to date is described in the Schedule. The Divestment
      Business, described in more detail in the Schedule, includes all assets and staff that
      contribute to the current operation or are necessary to ensure the viability and
      competitiveness of the Divestment Business, in particular:
        (a)     all tangible and intangible assets (including intellectual property rights);
                                                    4
 ---pagebreak---         (b)      all licences, permits and authorisations issued by any governmental organisation
                 for the benefit of the Divestment Business;
        (c)      all contracts, leases and commitments of the Divestment Business; all credit and
                 other records of the Divestment Business; and
        (d)      the Personnel.
 6.   For the sake of clarity, the Divestment Business shall not include any physical production
      assets or manufacturing units owned or operated by the Parties.
 7.   The Parties commit to provide the technical support necessary to ensure an effective
      transfer (i) of the Divestment Business’s production process to a production location of the
      Purchaser’s choice and (ii) of the clinical trials and, if need be, to enter into a supply
      agreement with the Purchaser for the supply of SHP 647 API for an appropriate period of
      time at cost. Furthermore, the Parties commit to continue to act as a sponsor for all clinical
      trials underway for a period until Closing. At the Purchaser’s request, with respect to any
      clinical trial, this period can be extended for a mutually agreed period, subject to a service
      fee to be agreed with the Purchaser.
 8.   In addition, the Divestment Business includes the benefit, for a transitional period of up to
      […] after Closing and on terms and conditions equivalent to those at present afforded to the
      Divestment Business, of all current arrangements under which Shire or its Affiliated
      Undertakings supply services to the Divestment Business, as detailed in the Schedule,
      unless otherwise agreed with the Purchaser. Strict firewall procedures will be adopted so as
      to ensure that any competitively sensitive information related to, or arising from such supply
      arrangements (for example, product roadmaps) will not be shared with, or passed on to,
      anyone outside the Parties’ entity(ies) providing such services.
Section C.        Related Commitments
      Preservation of viability, marketability and competitiveness
 9.   From the Effective Date until Closing, the Parties shall preserve the economic viability,
      marketability and competitiveness of the Divestment Business, in accordance with good
      business practice, and shall minimise as far as possible any risk of loss of competitive
      potential of the Divestment Business. In particular, the Parties undertake:
        (a)      not to carry out any action that might have a significant adverse impact on the
                 value, management or competitiveness of the Divestment Business or that might
                 alter the nature and scope of activity, or the industrial or commercial strategy or the
                 investment policy of the Divestment Business;
        (b)      to make available, or procure to make available, sufficient resources for the
                 development of the Divestment Business, on the basis and continuation of the
                 existing business plans;
        (c)      to take all reasonable steps, or procure that all reasonable steps are being taken,
                 including appropriate incentive schemes (based on industry practice), to encourage
                 all Key Personnel to remain with the Divestment Business, and not to solicit or
                 move any Personnel to the Parties’ remaining businesses. Where, nevertheless,
                 individual members of the Key Personnel exceptionally leave the Divestment
                 Business, the Parties shall provide a reasoned proposal to replace the person or
                                                   5
 ---pagebreak---               persons concerned to the Commission and the Monitoring Trustee. The Parties
              must be able to demonstrate to the Commission that the replacement is well suited
              to carry out the functions exercised by those individual members of the Key
              Personnel. The replacement shall take place under the supervision of the
              Monitoring Trustee, who shall report to the Commission.
    Hold-separate obligations
10. The Parties commit, from the Effective Date until Closing, to keep the Divestment Business
    separate from the business(es) they are retaining and to ensure that unless explicitly
    permitted under these Commitments:
      (a)     management and staff of the business(es) retained by the Parties have no
              involvement in the Divestment Business;
      (b)     the Key Personnel and Personnel of the Divestment Business have no involvement
              in any business retained by the Parties and do not report to any individual outside
              the Divestment Business.
11. The Parties shall assist the Monitoring Trustee in ensuring that the Divestment Business is
    managed as a distinct and saleable entity separate from the businesses which the Parties
    are retaining. Immediately after the adoption of the Decision, Shire shall propose a Hold
    Separate Manager to the European Commission for its approval and shall appoint said Hold
    Separate Manager once approval has been received. Should the first candidate proposed
    not be approved by the Commission, Shire shall propose further suitable candidates for the
    post of Hold Separate Manager. The Hold Separate Manager, who shall be part of the Key
    Personnel, shall manage the Divestment Business independently and in the best interest of
    the business with a view to ensuring its continued economic viability, marketability and
    competitiveness and its independence from the businesses retained by Takeda. The Hold
    Separate Manager shall closely cooperate with and report to the Monitoring Trustee, who
    may be assisted by the Technical Expert, and, if applicable, the Divestiture Trustee. Any
    replacement of the Hold Separate Manager shall be subject to the procedure laid down in
    paragraph 9(c) of these Commitments. The Commission may, after having heard the
    Parties, require the Parties to replace the Hold Separate Manager.
    Ring-fencing
12. The Hold Separate Manager shall implement all necessary measures to ensure that Takeda
    does not obtain any Confidential Information relating to the Divestment Business and that
    any such Confidential Information obtained by Takeda before the Effective Date will be
    eliminated and not be used by Takeda. In particular, the participation of the Divestment
    Business in any central information technology network shall be severed to the extent
    possible, without compromising the viability of the Divestment Business. Takeda may obtain
    or keep information relating to the Divestment Business which is reasonably necessary for
    the divestiture of the Divestment Business or the disclosure of which to Takeda is required
    by law. In order to ensure that the measures are effective Takeda commits to create
    additional reasonable mechanisms with regard to the personnel involved in the provisions of
    such service to ensure that any Confidential Information is not shared with businesses that
    Takeda is retaining.
                                                6
 ---pagebreak---       Non-solicitation clause
 13.  The Parties undertakes, subject to customary limitations, not to solicit, and to procure that
      Affiliated Undertakings do not solicit, the Key Personnel transferred with the Divestment
      Business for a period of […] after Closing.
      Due diligence
 14.  In order to enable potential purchasers to carry out a reasonable due diligence of the
      Divestment Business, the Parties shall, subject to customary confidentiality assurances and
      dependent on the stage of the divestiture process:
        (a)     provide to potential purchasers sufficient information as regards the Divestment
                Business;
        (b)     provide to potential purchasers sufficient information relating to the Personnel and
                allow them reasonable access to the Personnel.
      Reporting
 15.  The Parties shall submit written reports in English on potential purchasers of the Divestment
      Business and developments in the negotiations with such potential purchasers to the
      Commission and the Monitoring Trustee no later than 10 days after the end of every month
      following the Effective Date (or otherwise at the Commission’s request). The Parties shall
      submit a list of all potential purchasers having expressed interest in acquiring the
      Divestment Business to the Commission at each and every stage of the divestiture process,
      as well as a copy of all the offers made by potential purchasers within five days of their
      receipt.
 16.  The Parties shall inform the Commission and the Monitoring Trustee on the preparation of
      the data room documentation and the due diligence procedure and shall submit a copy of
      any information memorandum to the Commission and the Monitoring Trustee before
      sending the memorandum out to potential purchasers.
Section D.       The Purchaser
 17.  In order to be approved by the Commission, the Purchaser must fulfil the following criteria:
        (a)     The Purchaser shall be independent of and unconnected to Takeda and its
                Affiliated Undertakings (this being assessed having regard to the situation following
                the divestiture);
        (b)     The Purchaser shall have the financial resources, proven expertise and incentive
                to maintain and develop the Divestment Business as a viable and active
                competitive force in competition with the Parties and other competitors;
        (c)     The acquisition of the Divestment Business by the Purchaser must neither be likely
                to create, in light of the information available to the Commission, prima facie
                competition concerns nor give rise to a risk that the implementation of the
                Commitments will be delayed. In particular, the Purchaser must reasonably be
                expected to obtain all necessary approvals from the relevant regulatory authorities
                for the acquisition of the Divestment Business;
                                                   7
 ---pagebreak---     (d)       The Purchaser shall have a binding agreement with […] in relation to the cell line
              technology necessary for the development of SHP 647;
    (e)       The Purchaser shall have a binding agreement with […] in relation to the
              production of the final drug product for SHP 647;
    (f)       The Purchaser shall have a binding agreement with […] for the CRO services
              provided in relation to SHP 647;
    (g)       The Purchaser shall have established capabilities in the clinical development of
              biologic or biosimilar medicinal products for EEA approval;
    (h)       The Purchaser shall have expertise and experience in having relevant interactions
              with relevant EEA-wide and national bodies that decide on approval of biologic or
              biosimilar medicinal products and on pricing and reimbursement of biologic or
              biosimilar medicinal products;
    (i)       The Purchaser shall have established capabilities or a track record in the
              commercialisation and distribution of biologic or biosimilar medicinal products in
              the EEA ; and
    (j)       The Purchaser shall have complementary product(s), either marketed or in
              development, in the clinical areas relevant to SHP 647, in particular in the area of
              gastrointestinal diseases (GI), preferably in the area of inflammatory bowel disease
              (IBD).
18. The final binding sale and purchase agreement (as well as ancillary agreements) relating
    to the divestment of the Divestment Business shall be conditional on the Commission’s
    approval. The Parties shall ensure the sale and purchase agreement includes a provision
    specifying that:
         (i)       subject to (ii), the Purchaser shall not make any changes to the protocols
                   previously agreed between Shire and […] such as that could lead to a delay in
                   the progress of the clinical trials for SHP 647 (relative to the timing agreed
                   between […] and Shire prior to the Effective Date); and
         (ii)      where changes to the protocol are deemed necessary or desirable (for
                   example to comply with legal or safety requirements), the Purchaser shall
                   notify the Commission and the Trustee, as applicable, and provide detailed
                   explanation as to the background of these changes as well as their potential
                   impact on the timing of the development of SHP 647.
    When Takeda or Shire has reached an agreement with a purchaser, the Parties shall
    submit a fully documented and reasoned proposal, including a copy of the final
    agreement(s), within one week to the Commission and the Monitoring Trustee. The Parties
    must be able to demonstrate to the Commission that the purchaser fulfils the Purchaser
    Criteria and that the Divestment Business is being transferred, or, as the case may be, sold
    in a manner consistent with the Commission's Decision and the Commitments. For the
    approval, the Commission shall verify that the purchaser fulfils the Purchaser Criteria and
    that the Divestment Business is being transferred, or, as the case may be, sold in a
    manner consistent with the Commitments including their objective to bring about a lasting
    structural change in the market. The Commission may approve the transfer, or, as the case
    may be, sale of the Divestment Business without one or more Assets or parts of the Key
    Personnel, or by substituting one or more Assets or parts of the Key Personnel with one or
                                                 8
 ---pagebreak---         more different assets or different personnel, if this does not affect the viability and
        competitiveness of the Divestment Business after the sale, taking account of the proposed
        purchaser.
Section E.      Trustee
     I.       Appointment procedure
19.  Takeda shall appoint a Monitoring Trustee to carry out the functions specified in these
     Commitments for a Monitoring Trustee. Takeda commits not to close the Takeda/Shire
     Transaction before the appointment of a Monitoring Trustee.
20.  Any Technical Expert shall be appointed by and report to the Monitoring Trustee. The
     Technical Expert will be independent of and will not have or be exposed to any conflict of
     interest in relation to the Parties. Takeda and the Purchaser shall have the right to be heard
     with any reasoned objections as to the suitability of any technical expert candidates, e.g.,
     lack of competence or conflict of interest. In cases of controversy between Takeda and the
     Monitoring Trustee, and/or Purchaser and the Monitoring Trustee as to the suitability of the
     technical expert candidate, the Commission will decide on the matter.
21.  If Takeda or Shire has not entered into a binding sale and purchase agreement or the
     Variation Agreement regarding the Divestment Business […] before the end of the First
     Divestiture Period or if the Commission has rejected a purchaser proposed by Takeda at
     that time or thereafter, Takeda shall appoint a Divestiture Trustee. The appointment of the
     Divestiture Trustee shall take effect upon the commencement of the Trustee Divestiture
     Period.
22.  The Trustee shall:
        (a)    at the time of appointment, be independent of Takeda and its Affiliated
               Undertakings;
        (b)    possess the necessary qualifications to carry out its mandate, for example have
               sufficient relevant experience as an investment banker or consultant or auditor; and
        (c)    neither have nor become exposed to a Conflict of Interest.
23.  The Trustee shall be remunerated by Takeda in a way that does not impede the
     independent and effective fulfilment of its mandate. In particular, where the remuneration
     package of a Divestiture Trustee includes a success premium linked to the final sale value
     of the Divestment Business, such success premium may only be earned if the divestiture
     takes place within the Trustee Divestiture Period.
                                                  9
 ---pagebreak---     Proposal by Takeda
24. No later than two weeks after the Effective Date, Takeda shall submit the name or names of
    at least two natural or legal persons whom Takeda proposes to appoint as the Monitoring
    Trustee to the Commission for approval. No later than one month before the end of the First
    Divestiture Period or on request by the Commission, Takeda shall submit a list of one or
    more persons whom Takeda proposes to appoint as Divestiture Trustee to the Commission
    for approval. The proposal shall contain sufficient information for the Commission to verify
    that the person or persons proposed as Trustee fulfil the requirements set out in
    paragraph 22 and shall include:
      (a)      the full terms of the proposed mandate, which shall include all provisions
               necessary to enable the Trustee to fulfil its duties under these Commitments;
      (b)      the outline of a work plan which describes how the Trustee intends to carry out its
               assigned tasks;
      (c)      an indication whether the proposed Trustee is to act as both Monitoring Trustee
               and Divestiture Trustee or whether different trustees are proposed for the two
               functions.
    Approval or rejection by the Commission
25. The Commission shall have the discretion to approve or reject the proposed Trustee(s) and
    to approve the proposed mandate subject to any modifications it deems necessary for the
    Trustee to fulfil its obligations. If only one name is approved, Takeda shall appoint or cause
    to be appointed the person or persons concerned as Trustee, in accordance with the
    mandate approved by the Commission. If more than one name is approved, Takeda shall be
    free to choose the Trustee to be appointed from among the names approved. The Trustee
    shall be appointed within one week of the Commission’s approval, in accordance with the
    mandate approved by the Commission.
    New proposal by Takeda
26. If all the proposed Trustees are rejected, Takeda shall submit the names of at least two
    more natural or legal persons within one week of being informed of the rejection, in
    accordance with paragraphs 19 and 25 of these Commitments.
    Trustee Nominated by the Commission
27. If further proposed Trustees are rejected by the Commission, the Commission shall
    nominate a Trustee, whom Takeda shall appoint, or cause to be appointed, in accordance
    with a trustee mandate approved by the Commission.
    II.       Functions of the Trustee
28. The Trustee shall assume its specified duties and obligations in order to ensure compliance
    with the Commitments. The Commission may, on its own initiative or at the request of the
    Trustee or Takeda, give any orders or instructions to the Trustee in order to ensure
    compliance with the conditions and obligations attached to the Decision.
                                                  10
 ---pagebreak---     Duties and obligations of the Monitoring Trustee
29. The Monitoring Trustee shall:
     (i)    propose in its first report to the Commission a detailed work plan describing how it
            intends to monitor compliance with the obligations and conditions attached to the
            Decision.
     (ii)   oversee, in close co-operation with the Technical Expert and the Hold Separate
            Manager, the on-going management of the Divestment Business with a view to
            ensuring its continued economic viability, marketability and competitiveness and
            monitor compliance by the Parties with the conditions and obligations attached to
            the Decision. To that end the Monitoring Trustee shall:
            (a)     monitor the preservation of the economic viability, marketability and
                    competitiveness of the Divestment Business, and the keeping separate of
                    the Divestment Business from the businesses retained by the Parties, in
                    accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10 of these Commitments;
            (b)     supervise the management of the Divestment Business as a distinct and
                    saleable entity, in accordance with paragraph 11 of these Commitments;
            (c)     with respect to Confidential Information:
                    −      determine all necessary measures to ensure that Takeda does not
                           after the Effective Date obtain any Confidential Information relating to
                           the Divestment Business
                    −      in particular strive for the severing of the Divestment Business’
                           participation in a central information technology network to the extent
                           possible, without compromising the viability of the Divestment
                           Business,
                    −      make sure that any Confidential Information relating to the
                           Divestment Business obtained by Takeda before the Effective Date is
                           eliminated and will not be used by Takeda; and
                    −      decide whether such information may be disclosed to or kept by
                           Takeda as the disclosure is reasonably necessary to allow Takeda to
                           carry out the divestiture or as the disclosure is required by law;
            (d)     monitor the splitting of assets and the allocation of Personnel between the
                    Divestment Business and the Parties or Affiliated Undertakings;
     (iii)  propose to the Parties such measures as the Monitoring Trustee considers
            necessary to ensure the Parties’ compliance with the conditions and obligations
            attached to the Decision, in particular the maintenance of the full economic viability,
            marketability or competitiveness of the Divestment Business, the holding separate
            of the Divestment Business and the non-disclosure of competitively sensitive
            information;
     (iv)   review and assess potential purchasers as well as the progress of the divestiture
            process and verify that, dependent on the stage of the divestiture process:
            (a)     potential purchasers receive sufficient and correct information relating to
                    the Divestment Business and the Personnel in particular by reviewing, if
                                                11
 ---pagebreak---                           available, the data room documentation, the information memorandum and
                          the due diligence process, and
                 (b)      potential purchasers are granted reasonable access to the Personnel;
        (v)      act as a contact point for any requests by third parties, in particular potential
                 purchasers, in relation to the Commitments;
        (vi)     provide to the Commission, sending the Parties a non-confidential copy at the
                 same time, a written report within 15 days after the end of every month that shall
                 cover the operation and management of the Divestment Business as well as the
                 splitting of assets and the allocation of Personnel so that the Commission can
                 assess whether the business is held in a manner consistent with the Commitments
                 and the progress of the divestiture process as well as potential purchasers;
        (vii)    promptly report in writing to the Commission, sending the Parties a non-confidential
                 copy at the same time, if it concludes on reasonable grounds that the Parties are
                 failing to comply with these Commitments;
        (viii)   within one week after receipt of the documented proposal referred to in paragraph
                 18 of these Commitments, submit to the Commission, sending the Parties a non-
                 confidential copy at the same time, a reasoned opinion as to the suitability and
                 independence of the proposed purchaser and the viability of the Divestment
                 Business after the Sale and as to whether the Divestment Business is sold in a
                 manner consistent with the conditions and obligations attached to the Decision, in
                 particular, if relevant, whether the Sale of the Divestment Business without one or
                 more Assets or not all of the Personnel affects the viability of the Divestment
                 Business after the sale, taking account of the proposed purchaser; and
        (ix)     assume the other functions assigned to the Monitoring Trustee under the
                 conditions and obligations attached to the Decision.
30.   The Monitoring Trustee may, if this is deemed necessary by the Monitoring Trustee,1 be
      assisted and advised by the Technical Expert with regard to all technical questions related to
      the Divestment Business. Any information provided to the Monitoring Trustee may also be
      exchanged with the Technical Expert.
31.   If the Monitoring and Divestiture Trustee are not the same legal or natural persons, the
      Monitoring Trustee and the Divestiture Trustee shall cooperate closely with each other
      during and for the purpose of the preparation of the Trustee Divestiture Period in order to
      facilitate each other's tasks.
      Duties and obligations of the Divestiture Trustee
32.   Within the Trustee Divestiture Period, the Divestiture Trustee shall sell at no minimum price
      the Divestment Business to a purchaser, provided that the Commission has approved both
      the purchaser and the final binding sale and purchase agreement (and ancillary
      agreements) as in line with the Commission's Decision and the Commitments in accordance
      with paragraphs 17 and 18 of these Commitments. The Divestiture Trustee shall include in
      the sale and purchase agreement (as well as in any ancillary agreements) such terms and
1   Subject to the Commission’s view and final decision on the necessity of involving the Technical Expert.
                                                    12
 ---pagebreak---     conditions as it considers appropriate for an expedient sale in the Trustee Divestiture
    Period. In particular, the Divestiture Trustee may include in the sale and purchase
    agreement such customary representations and warranties and indemnities as are
    reasonably required to effect the sale. The Divestiture Trustee shall protect the legitimate
    financial interests of the Parties, subject to Takeda’s unconditional obligation to divest at no
    minimum price in the Trustee Divestiture Period.
33. In the Trustee Divestiture Period (or otherwise at the Commission’s request), the Divestiture
    Trustee shall provide the Commission with a comprehensive monthly report written in
    English on the progress of the divestiture process. Such reports shall be submitted within 15
    days after the end of every month with a simultaneous copy to the Monitoring Trustee and a
    non-confidential copy to the Parties.
    III.    Duties and obligations of the Parties
34. The Parties shall provide and shall cause their advisors to provide the Trustee and the
    Technical Expert with all such co-operation, assistance and information as the Trustee may
    reasonably require to perform its tasks. The Trustee and the Technical Expert shall have full
    and complete access to any of the Parties or the Divestment Business’s books, records,
    documents, management or other personnel, facilities, sites and technical information
    necessary for fulfilling its duties under the Commitments and the Parties and the Divestment
    Business shall provide the Trustee and the Technical Expert upon request with copies of any
    document. Takeda and the Divestment Business shall make available to the Trustee and the
    Technical Expert one or more offices on their premises and shall be available for meetings
    in order to provide the Trustee and the Technical Expert with all information necessary for
    the performance of its tasks.
35. The Parties shall provide the Monitoring Trustee with all managerial and administrative
    support that it may reasonably request on behalf of the management of the Divestment
    Business. This shall include all administrative support functions relating to the Divestment
    Business which are currently carried out at headquarters level. The Parties shall provide
    and shall cause their advisors to provide the Monitoring Trustee, on request, with the
    information submitted to potential purchasers, in particular give the Monitoring Trustee
    access to the data room documentation and all other information granted to potential
    purchasers in the due diligence procedure. The Parties shall inform the Monitoring Trustee
    on possible purchasers, submit lists of potential purchasers at each stage of the selection
    process, including the offers made by potential purchasers at those stages, and keep the
    Monitoring Trustee informed of all developments in the divestiture process.
36. Takeda shall grant or procure Affiliated Undertakings to grant comprehensive powers of
    attorney, duly executed, to the Divestiture Trustee to effect the sale (including ancillary
    agreements), the Closing and all actions and declarations which the Divestiture Trustee
    considers necessary or appropriate to achieve the sale and the Closing, including the
    appointment of advisors to assist with the sale process. Upon request of the Divestiture
    Trustee, Takeda shall cause the documents required for effecting the sale and the Closing to
    be duly executed.
37. Takeda shall indemnify the Trustee and its employees and agents and the Technical Expert
    (each an “Indemnified Party”) and hold each Indemnified Party harmless against, and
    hereby agrees that an Indemnified Party shall have no liability to Takeda for, any liabilities
    arising out of the performance of the Trustee’s and the Technical Expert’s duties under the
    Commitments, except to the extent that such liabilities result from the wilful default,
                                                 13
 ---pagebreak---     recklessness, gross negligence or bad faith of the Trustee, the Technical Expert, its
    employees, agents or advisors.
38. At the expense of Takeda, the Trustee may appoint advisors (in particular for corporate
    finance or legal advice), subject to Takeda’s approval (this approval not to be unreasonably
    withheld or delayed) if the Trustee considers the appointment of such advisors necessary or
    appropriate for the performance of its duties and obligations under the Mandate, provided
    that any fees and other expenses incurred by the Trustee are reasonable. Should Takeda
    refuse to approve the advisors proposed by the Trustee the Commission may approve the
    appointment of such advisors instead, after having heard Takeda. Only the Trustee shall be
    entitled to issue instructions to the advisors. Paragraph 37 of these Commitments shall
    apply mutatis mutandis. In the Trustee Divestiture Period, the Divestiture Trustee may use
    advisors who served Takeda during the Divestiture Period if the Divestiture Trustee
    considers this in the best interest of an expedient sale.
39. The Parties agree that the Commission may share Confidential Information proprietary to
    the Parties with the Trustee. The Trustee shall not disclose such information and the
    principles contained in Article 17 (1) and (2) of the Merger Regulation apply mutatis
    mutandis.
40. The Parties agree that the contact details of the Monitoring Trustee are published on the
    website of the Commission's Directorate-General for Competition and they shall inform
    interested third parties, in particular any potential purchasers, of the identity and the tasks of
    the Monitoring Trustee.
41. For a period of 10 years from the Effective Date the Commission may request all information
    from the Parties that is reasonably necessary to monitor the effective implementation of
    these Commitments.
     IV.     Replacement, discharge and reappointment of the Trustee
42. If the Trustee ceases to perform its functions under the Commitments or for any other good
    cause, including the exposure of the Trustee to a Conflict of Interest:
      (a)     the Commission may, after hearing the Trustee and the Parties, require Takeda to
              replace the Trustee; or
      (b)     Takeda may, with the prior approval of the Commission, replace the Trustee.
43. If the Trustee is removed according to paragraph 40 of these Commitments, the Trustee
    may be required to continue in its function until a new Trustee is in place to whom the
    Trustee has effected a full hand over of all relevant information. The new Trustee shall be
    appointed in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraphs 19-26 of these
    Commitments.
44. Unless removed according to paragraph 42 of these Commitments, the Trustee shall cease
    to act as Trustee only after the Commission has discharged it from its duties after all the
    Commitments with which the Trustee has been entrusted have been implemented.
    However, the Commission may at any time require the reappointment of the Monitoring
    Trustee if it subsequently appears that the relevant remedies might not have been fully and
    properly implemented.
                                                 14
 ---pagebreak--- Section H.        The review clause
 45.   The Commission may extend the time periods foreseen in the Commitments in response to
       a request from the Parties or, in appropriate cases, on its own initiative. Where the Parties
       request an extension of a time period, they shall submit a reasoned request to the
       Commission no later than one month before the expiry of that period, showing good cause.
       This request shall be accompanied by a report from the Monitoring Trustee, who shall, at the
       same time send a non-confidential copy of the report to the Parties. Only in exceptional
       circumstances shall the Parties be entitled to request an extension within the last month of
       any period.
 46.   The Commission may further, in response to a reasoned request from the Parties showing
       good cause waive, modify or substitute, in exceptional circumstances, one or more of the
       undertakings in these Commitments. This request shall be accompanied by a report from
       the Monitoring Trustee, who shall, at the same time send a non-confidential copy of the
       report to the Parties. The request shall not have the effect of suspending the application of
       the undertaking and, in particular, of suspending the expiry of any time period in which the
       undertaking has to be complied with.
Section I.        Entry into force
 47.   The Commitments shall take effect upon the date of adoption of the Decision.
 duly authorised for and on behalf of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
 Date:   16 November 2018
 duly authorised for and on behalf of Shire plc
 Date:   16 November 2018
                                                 15
 ---pagebreak---                                              Schedule
1.     The Divestment Business as operated to date has the following legal and functional
       structure:
       (a)      The Divestment Business forms part of Shire’s Internal Medicine business unit,
                which encompasses gastrointestinal disease products, internal medicine products
                and pipeline assets;
       (b)      SHP 647 is under development by Shire in accordance with […] rights granted to
                Shire by Pfizer under the Pfizer Agreement. SHP 647 is now undergoing seven
                Phase III clinical trials for UC and CD (the “Clinical Trials”) − with a […]2 − and
                […]. […]3, Annexes 1 and 2 to this Schedule provide a description of the Clinical
                Trials with an indicative study timeline;
       (c)      The manufacturing process of SHP 647 incorporates intellectual property rights […]
                and additional manufacturing and quality-control related know-how […];
       (d)      The manufacturing of the finished SHP 647 is […];4
       (e)      The Clinical Trials are conducted for Shire in external medical institutions on a
                global basis;
       (f)      Shire has […];
       (g)      The development of SHP 647 is supported within Shire’s organisation by a number
                of Affiliated Undertakings. […].
2.     In accordance with Section B, paragraph 5 of these Commitments and subject to the
       Purchaser’s option to agree with the Parties on a licence back to the Parties in respect of
       the right to manufacture and market SHP 647 in territories outside the EEA, the
       Divestment Business includes but is not limited to:
       (a)      The following main tangible assets (together with the intangible assets listed below
                the “Transferred Assets”):
              (i)         All relevant reports, data and analysis for the Clinical Trials including those
                          resulting from the preclinical studies, in particular but not limited to the
                          preclinical toxicology package, and including all reports on studies
                          undertaken in relation to the mechanism of action, all relevant study plans
                          and results for […] and the Clinical Study, and all relevant study plans for
                          […];
              (ii)        Inventories of SHP 647 for use in the ongoing Clinical Trials, including raw
                          materials, work in progress, drug substance (including SHP 647 API) and
                          drug product, owned by and in the possession or control of Shire or
                          Affiliated Undertakings;
              (iii)       All relevant regulatory files, including but not limited to the following: the
                          current investigator brochure, the investigational medicinal product dossier
                          (IMPD) and the protocol for the Clinical Trials and the Clinical Study, […],
2  For development for use in the treatment of UC and CD, […].
3  […].
4  […].
                                                     16
 ---pagebreak---                    the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP); minutes and correspondence regarding
                   interactions with the regulators regarding SHP 647, including the scientific
                   advice from the regulators;
         (iv)      All relevant books and records relating exclusively or predominantly to SHP
                   647; the books and records relating to SHP 647 that also relate to other
                   products developed or to be developed by Shire or its Affiliated
                   Undertakings, shall only be transferred to the extent that they relate to SHP
                   647, it being understood that the other sections shall be redacted prior to
                   the transfer to the Purchaser;
         (v)       All documents, including but not limited, to the marketing plans and
                   forecasts which are specific for SHP 647; the marketing plans and
                   forecasts that also relate to other products developed or to be developed
                   by Shire or its Affiliated Undertakings, shall only be transferred to the extent
                   that they relate to SHP 647, it being understood that the other sections
                   shall be redacted prior to the transfer to the Purchaser;
         (vi)      Any other assets identified by the Purchaser and the Parties in the asset
                   purchase agreement or in the Variation Agreement as overseen by the
                   Monitoring Trustee.
     (b)   The following main intangible assets:
         (i)       Right to conduct the Clinical Trials, […] and the Clinical Study, […], and
                   rights to develop SHP 647 globally;
         (ii)      Right to manufacture, have manufactured and market SHP 647 globally;
         (iii)     Sponsorship of any and all current Clinical Trials and Clinical Study
                   authorisations or other regulatory filings for SHP 647, including in relation to
                   […]5;
         (iv)      Patents and patent applications (as listed in Annex 3), copyrights, data and
                   know-how (including but not limited to the manufacturing and quality-control
                   related know-how developed for SHP 647) existing as of the Closing date
                   and relating exclusively or predominantly to the clinical development,
                   manufacture or sale of SHP 647 (the “In-Scope IP”), subject to a non-
                   exclusive, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free license-back to the Parties of
                   any such rights that are shared with any Shire retained business; patents
                   and patent applications, copyrights, data and know-how existing as of the
                   Closing date that are not predominantly relating to the clinical development,
                   manufacture or sale of SHP 647, will be subject to a non-exclusive,
                   perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free licence.
         (v)       The proposed “Ontamalimab” International Nonproprietary Name (“INN”),
                   the proposed trade name […], prospective design rights and trademarks for
                   the SHP 647 compound and the domain names listed in Annex 4.
         (vi)      Subject to having obtained all required regulatory and data protection
                   consents, the Clinical Trials databases, which will be transferred at a date
5 […].
                                               17
 ---pagebreak---              to be mutually agreed by the Purchaser and the Parties, as overseen by
             the Monitoring Trustee.
(c) The following main licences, permits and authorisations:
    (i)      The assignment of Shire’s rights under of the Pfizer Agreement and in
             accordance with its terms. […];
    (ii)     All licences, permits and authorisations issued by any governmental
             organisation for the benefit of the Divestment Business. Since SHP 647 is
             still in the clinical trial phase, no permits or authorisation have been granted
             yet in relation to SHP 647, other than the authorisations with respect to the
             Clinical Trials and the […]. Similarly, no permits or authorisations have been
             granted yet in relation to […].
(d) The following main              contracts,   agreements,    leases,    commitments    and
    understandings:
    (i)      Contracts with third parties existing as of the Closing date to the extent
             relating exclusively or predominantly to the development, manufacture and
             marketing of SHP 647. A list of the key third party contracts is attached in
             Annex 5. The Parties undertake to use best efforts to obtain all necessary
             third party consents where applicable. To the extent any such third party
             consent could not be obtained, or any other contract could not be otherwise
             transferred, the Parties will, as appropriate, either work with the Purchaser
             and relevant third party to put in place arrangements to transfer any work
             product and work in process and support the Purchaser to put in place
             alternative arrangements, or seek to enter into, for a transitional period of
             up to […], back-to-back agreements with the Purchaser on the same terms
             and conditions of the contracts for which the third party consent could not
             be obtained, or of the contracts which could not be transferred. The […]
             period may be extended by the Monitoring Trustee for a further period of up
             to […] if the Purchaser demonstrates delays in securing regulatory
             approvals required to market SHP 647 in an EEA country.
(e) The following customer, credit and other records:
    (i)      Since SHP 647 is still in clinical trial phase, it is not yet being supplied for
             commercial use to customers;
    (ii)     The Parties will provide the full list of Key Opinion Leaders for SHP 647 on
             the date of Closing to the Purchaser.
(f) The Key Personnel listed in Annex 6.
(g) The Personnel listed in Annex 7. For a period of […] after Closing, the Purchaser
    shall have the opportunity to interview such employees and enter into employment
    contracts with employees (should the SHP 647 Purchaser wish to do so).
(h) The arrangements for the supply with the following products or services by the
    Parties:
    (i)      The arrangements for the provision of transitional services at cost, for a
             transitional period of up to […] after Closing, including technical assistance,
             that are currently supplied by Shire to the Divestment Business. At the
                                            18
 ---pagebreak---       Purchaser’s request, this period can be extended for a mutually agreed
      period as overseen by the Monitoring Trustee;
(ii)  In addition to the SHP 647 API which is being transferred as part of the
      inventory, and at the option of the Purchaser, the Parties shall enter into a
      transitional supply agreement for the SHP 647 API for up to […]. Such
      transitional arrangement will be at cost and shall include appropriate
      provisions designed to ensure the continued supply by the Parties to the
      Purchaser;
(iii) At the option of the Purchaser, reasonable support to the Purchaser, or its
      designated third-party organisation, in qualifying and gaining regulatory
      approvals for the manufacturing of SHP 647;
(iv)  The arrangements for the Parties to continue to act as a sponsor for all
      clinical trials underway for a period until Closing, it being understood that
      the Parties will continue all activities related to those clinical trials according
      to the plans existing at the Effective Date, in particular as set out in the
      schedule of milestones attached as Annex 2, as overseen by the
      Monitoring Trustee. At the Purchaser’s request, with respect to any clinical
      trial, the above-mentioned period can be extended for a mutually agreed
      period, subject to a reasonable service fee to be agreed with the
      Purchaser, as overseen by the Monitoring Trustee;
(v)   In addition, at the request of the Purchaser, the Parties, will undertake the
      transfer of SHP 647 manufacturing technology (i.e., the manufacturing and
      quality-control related know-how developed for SHP 647) to a facility of the
      Purchaser’s choice in order to enable the Purchaser to manufacture SHP
      647 or have it manufactured at launch of SHP 647 at the latest. At the
      request of the Purchaser, Shire will also assist the Purchaser in transferring
      technical information and know-how to the Purchaser itself or to a potential
      third party manufacturer; and
(vi)  Until closing of the Takeda/Shire Transaction, Shire will continue in full all
      its interactions with […] in relation to SHP 647, and commits to support the
      ongoing work of […] in the way provided for in the contracts concluded
      between Shire and […] and in the spirit of this pre-existing commercial
      arrangement. In particular, and in accordance with the relevant contractual
      delegation of responsibilities, Shire will provide all information required by
      […], respond promptly to enquiries including those related to safety,
      pharmacovigilance and medical monitoring, review, contribute to and
      approve reports where appropriate, provide approvals where needed, take
      responsibility for decisions deferred to it, support Shire staff working with
      […], conduct oversight and monitoring activities, draft and submit, or cause
      to be submitted, submissions to health authorities as appropriate, manage
      matters related to site agreements, providing content for regulatory
      documentation, and carry out any other duties relating to its cooperation
      with […] in the way it would have done prior to any consideration of
      divesting the SHP647, in line with standard practice and as overseen by
      the Monitoring Trustee. Following closing of the Takeda/Shire Transaction,
      Takeda will fulfil all the duties as described in this paragraph, as overseen
                                  19
 ---pagebreak---                       by the Monitoring Trustee, until Closing or otherwise agreed in line with
                      paragraph 2(h)(iv) of this Schedule to the extent applicable.
             (vii)    Prior to the closing of the Takeda/Shire Transaction, Shire commits to
                      finalize […] in cooperation with […], in a manner that […] can
                      continue […] during the transitional period as originally scheduled with
                      Shire prior to the Effective Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the
                      Purchaser shall be free to […].
3.  In the event that materials to be transferred contain information that is confidential to the
    Parties’ retained businesses and not relevant for the Divestment Business, the information
    shall be redacted as appropriate. The Divestment Business shall not include:
    (a)      any right, title or interest in or to any of the assets of Shire or Affiliated
             Undertakings other than those specified in paragraph 2 of this Schedule and, for
             the avoidance of doubt, will not include:
             (i)      the name “Shire”, together with all variations thereof and all trademarks,
                      service marks, domain names, trade names, trade dress, corporate names,
                      logos and other identifiers of source containing, incorporating or associated
                      with any of the foregoing, save as provided for in paragraph 2 of this
                      Schedule;
             (ii)     any plant, tangible property or equipment of Shire or Affiliated
                      Undertakings;
             (iii)    any right to manufacture, market or sell any product other that SHP 647 or
                      any license to use any asset of Shire in connection with any product other
                      than SHP 647;
             (iv)     any asset that is not a Transferred Asset and any asset that does not relate
                      to the clinical development or sale of SHP 647; and
             (v)      accounts receivable, pre-paid expenses and any case or cash equivalents
                      of Shire or Affiliated Undertakings.
   (b)     In the event that the Parties and the Purchaser agree on a licence back to the
           Parties in respect of the right to manufacture and market SHP 647 in territories
           outside the EEA, the relevant rights, title and interests in SHP 647s in territories
           outside the EEA, or ancillary assets and the rights to or license for certain
           technologies, needed to manufacture and market SHP 647 in territories outside the
           EEA. For the avoidance of doubt, the Purchaser shall remain free to manufacture or
           have manufactured SHP 647 (including its active ingredient) at one or more
           facilities, of its own or of a third party, of its choice.
4.  The Parties commit that the assets to be transferred are sufficient for the Purchaser to
    continue the development and, depending on the outcome of the clinical trials, ultimately
    commercialise SHP 647, enabling the Purchaser to operate the Divestment Business as a
    viable and independent business in the EEA.
5.  If there is any asset or personnel which is not be covered by paragraph 2 of this Schedule
    but which is both used (exclusively or not) in the Divestment Business and necessary for
    the continued viability and competitiveness of the Divestment Business, that asset or
    adequate substitute will be offered to potential purchasers, by transfer or license, as
    appropriate as overseen by the Monitoring Trustee.
                                                  20
 ---pagebreak---                                                  Annex 1
                          Shire Sponsored Clinical Trials for SHP 647
  NCT Number / Sponsor's
                                                                     Condition
   Protocol Code Number /                   Description                         Phase
                                                                      studied
      EudraCT Number
                             A Safety Extension Study of SHP647 in
NCT03283085 / SHP647-304 /   Subjects With Moderate to Severe           CD
                                                                               Phase III
2017-000574-11               Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease      UC
                             (AIDA)
                             Efficacy and Safety of SHP647 as
                             Maintenance Treatment in Participants
NCT03627091 / SHP647-307                                                CD     Phase III
                             With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease
                             (CARMEN CD 307)
                             Efficacy and Safety Study of SHP647 as
                             Induction Therapy in Participants With
NCT03566823 / SHP647-306                                                CD     Phase III
                             Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease
                             (CARMEN CD 306)
                             Efficacy and Safety Study of SHP647 as
                             Induction Therapy in Participants With
NCT03559517 / SHP647-305                                                CD     Phase III
                             Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease
                             (CARMEN CD 305)
                             Study of the Effect of SHP647 as
                             Maintenance Treatment in Participants
NCT03290781 / SHP647-303 /
                             With Moderate to Severe Ulcerative         UC     Phase III
2017-000573-37
                             Colitis Who Achieved Clinical Response
                             in Induction Studies
                             A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind,
                             Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group
NCT03259334 / SHP647-301 /   Efficacy and Safety Study of SHP647 as
                                                                        UC     Phase III
2017-000599-27               Induction Therapy in Subjects With
                             Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
                             (FIGARO UC 301)
                             A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind,
                             Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group
NCT03259308 / SHP647-302 /   Efficacy and Safety Study of SHP647 as
                                                                        UC     Phase III
2017-000572-28               Induction Therapy in Subjects With
                             Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
                             (FIGARO UC 302)
                                                     21
 ---pagebreak---              Annex 2
Indicative SHP 647 Study Timeline
               […]
                22
 ---pagebreak---                      Annex 3
      SHP 647 Patents and patent applications*
                       […]
* […]
                        23
 ---pagebreak---   Annex 4
Domain Names
    […]
     24
 ---pagebreak---                                                 Annex 5
                           List of key identified third party contracts
  1. Unless otherwise specified in the table below, master agreements are […]. Many of Shire’s
       Statement of Works (“SOWs”) relating to the SHP647 program […]. Similarly, each SOW
       must have […].
  2. Where contracts that cannot be assigned to the Purchaser pursuant to their terms or
       because the scope of the contract includes products or services not related to the Product,
       the Parties will use their best efforts to assist the Purchaser in putting in place appropriate
       alternative arrangements with the relevant third parties, for example:
            a. entering into back-to-back agreements; or
            b. as Shire has done previously, work with the relevant counterparty and the
                 Purchaser to put in place a new master agreement, and then transfer ownership
                 of any work product and work in process under a SOW to the Purchaser. The
                 Parties would then support the Purchaser in putting in place alternative
                 arrangements specific to the ongoing development of the Product, such as an
                                    6
                 equivalent SOW.
  3. Aside from master agreements and SOWs, there are various other ancillary agreements
       relating to the SPH647 program, such as Clinical Trial Agreements and patient Informed
                   7
       Consents . […].
  A. Key supply contracts
                                                     […]8
  B. List of active MAdCAM Clinical Trial Agreements
                                                      […]
6 For raw material contracts, the Parties would seek to transfer the relevant specification and approved
  vendor information to the Purchaser. As appropriate, the Parties will use best efforts to assist the
  Purchaser in putting in place appropriate agreements with the relevant third parties.
7 A list of active Clinical Trial Agreements is provided at “B” below.
8 […].
                                                    25
 ---pagebreak---                                      Annex 6
                                   Key Personnel
                                                          Allocation of
Name      Role                                   Location time spent on
                                                          SHP 647
          Inflammatory Bowel Disease (“IBD”):
[…]       Product Strategy Lead                  […]      […]
          […]9: New Products Lead
[…]       Global Development Lead                […]      […]
[…]       Global Clinical Development Lead - UC  […]      […]
[…]       Global Clinical Development Lead - CD  […]      […]
[…]       Biostatistics Project Lead             […]      […]
[…]       Global Program Manager                 […]      […]
          IBD: Global Regulatory Lead
[…]                                              […]      […]
          […]: Regulatory Affairs
          Clinical Pharmacology Lead/Global
[…]                                              […]      […]
          Clinical Operations Lead
          IBD: Chemistry Manufacturing &Control
[…]                                              […]      […]
          […]: Technical Operations
   9 […].
                                        26
 ---pagebreak---                         Annex 7
        List of Personnel for SHP647 program10
                           […]
10 […].
                            27