CELEX: 32020D1167
Language: en
Date: 2020-08-06 00:00:00
Title: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1167 of 6 August 2020 on the approval of the technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter for use in conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles as an innovative technology pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council) (Text with EEA relevance)

7.8.2020   
               
               
                  EN
               
               
                  Official Journal of the European Union
               
               
                  L 258/15
               
            
         COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2020/1167
         of 6 August 2020
         on the approval of the technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter for use in conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles as an innovative technology pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council)
         (Text with EEA relevance)
         THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
         Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
         Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 (1), and in particular Article 11(4) thereof,
         Whereas:
         
                     (1)
                  
                  
                     On 10 October 2019, the supplier SEG Automotive Germany GmbH submitted a request (‘the request’) in accordance with Article 12a of the respective Commission Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 (2) and (EU) No 427/2014 (3) to amend Commission Implementing Decisions (EU) 2019/314 (4) and (EU) 2019/313 (5) with a view to taking into account the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) set out in Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 (6).
                  
               
                     (2)
                  
                  
                     On 31 October 2019, the manufacturers Audi AG, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, Daimler AG, FCA Italy S.p.A, Ford-Werke GmbH, Honda Motor Europe Ltd, Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center GmbH, Jaguar Land Rover LTD, Renault, Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Volkswagen AG, Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge and the suppliers SEG Automotive Germany GmbH, Valeo Electrical systems and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, submitted a joint application (‘the application’) for the approval as an innovative technology of the technology used in 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter for use in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles with conventional internal combustion powertrains (conventional ICE vehicles) and in certain not-off vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicles (NOVC-HEVs). The application refers to CO2 emissions savings that cannot be demonstrated by measurements performed in accordance with the WLTP as set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.
                  
               
                     (3)
                  
                  
                     The request and the application have been assessed in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/631, Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 and (EU) No 427/2014 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (7) and (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8) (July 2018 version) (9). In accordance with Article 11(3) of Regulation (EU) 2019/631, the request and the application were accompanied by verification reports undertaken by independent and certified bodies.
                  
               
                     (4)
                  
                  
                     Considering that the request and the application refer to the same innovative technology and that the same conditions should apply for its use in the vehicle categories concerned, it is appropriate to address both the request and the application in one single decision.
                  
               
                     (5)
                  
                  
                     The 48 Volt motor-generator may operate as either an electric motor converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, or as a generator converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, i.e. as a standard alternator. The 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter enables the 48 Volt motor-generator to provide electric energy at the voltage required to power the 12 Volt electric power board of the vehicle and/or charging the 12 Volt battery.
                  
               
                     (6)
                  
                  
                     The technology used in the 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter supplied by SEG Automotive Germany GmbH has already been approved for use in conventional ICE powered and certain NOVC-HEV passenger cars by Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/314 as well as for use in conventional ICE powered and certain NOVC-HEV light commercial vehicles by Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/313, as an innovative technology capable of saving CO2 emissions in a way that is only partially covered by the measurements performed as part of the emission test under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) set out in Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (10). The technology has also been approved as a generic innovative technology by reference to NEDC conditions by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1102 (11).
                  
               
                     (7)
                  
                  
                     The request and the application refer, however, to the WLTP set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. It has been demonstrated that the measurements performed as part of the emissions test under the WLTP only partially cover the CO2 savings resulting from the technology used in 48 Volt efficient motor-generators combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter.
                  
               
                     (8)
                  
                  
                     Based on the experience gained from the assessment of the applications approved by Implementing Decisions (EU) 2019/313, (EU) 2019/314 and (EU) 2020/1102, and taking into account the information provided with the present request and application, it has been satisfactorily and conclusively demonstrated that the technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter meets the criteria referred to in Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2019/631 and the eligibility criteria specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 and (EU) No 427/2014.
                  
               
                     (9)
                  
                  
                     The innovative technology should be used in conventional ICE passenger cars or light commercial vehicles, or in NOVC-HEVs of those categories for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4 of Appendix 2 to Sub-annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.
                  
               
                     (10)
                  
                  
                     Both the request and the application refer to the methodology for determining the CO2 savings from the use of the 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles set out in point 3 of the Annex to Implementing Decisions (EU) 2019/313 and (EU) 2019/314, i.e. the ‘separate method’.
                  
               
                     (11)
                  
                  
                     The methodology proposed in the application differs, however, from the ‘separate method’ with regard to the voltage level to be used for the efficiency measurement of the 48 Volt motor-generator, which is proposed to be set to 48 Volt, instead of 52 Volt. In addition the output current for the efficiency measurement of the 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter is proposed to be set as half the nominal power of the DC/DC converter divided by 14,3 Volt, instead of the nominal power of the DC/DC converter divided by 14,3 Volt. Moreover, in the application it is proposed to introduce a run-in procedure for the 48 Volt motor-generator.
                  
               
                     (12)
                  
                  
                     With regard to the changes proposed to the ‘separate method’ set out in Implementing Decisions (EU) 2019/313 and (EU) 2019/314 regarding the voltage level of the efficiency measurement of the 48 Volt motor-generator and the output current of the efficiency measurement of the 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter, it is found that those changes may lead to less conservative results in terms of CO2 savings. The applicants have claimed that the changes are justified as they would be more representative of real world driving conditions. The evidence provided in support of that claim can, however, not be considered sufficient, in particular due to the limited studies performed in support of the application and the absence of evidence supporting the change of the output current for the efficiency measurement of the 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter. Against that background, it is considered that these aspects of the ‘separate method’ set out in point 3 of the Annex to the respective Implementing Decisions (EU) 2019/313 and (EU) 2019/314 should not be changed based on the information provided in the applications.
                  
               
                     (13)
                  
                  
                     With regard to the proposed addition to the testing methodology of a run-in procedure for the 48 Volt motor-generator, the application does not set out with sufficient precision the details for how such run-in should be performed nor how the run-in effect should be taken into account. As the efficiency of the 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt converter is determined on the basis of the average of the measurement results, any run-in effects, positive or negative, may be adequately taken into account in the final efficiency determination, where necessary by increasing the number of measurements. Against that background, it is not appropriate to complement the testing methodology with an additional specific run-in procedure such as that proposed in the application.
                  
               
                     (14)
                  
                  
                     It is proposed in the request to modify the average speed from the one of the NEDC (33,58 km/h) to the one of the WLTP (46,6 km/h). As the conditions of the WLTP should be taken into account, the average speed should be set accordingly.
                  
               
                     (15)
                  
                  
                     It follows implicitly from the ‘separate method’ that the input voltage for testing the efficiency of the 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter should be the same as the output voltage of the 48 Volt motor-generator, i.e. 52 Volt. In order to ensure that the efficiency tests are performed in a harmonised way, it is appropriate to clarify in the testing methodology that the value of the input voltage should be set to 52 Volt.
                  
               
                     (16)
                  
                  
                     Manufacturers should have the possibility to apply to a type-approval authority for the certification of CO2 savings from the use of the innovative technology where the conditions laid down in this Decision are met. Manufacturers should for that purpose ensure that the application for certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent and certified body confirming that the innovative technology complies with the conditions laid down in this Decision and that the savings have been determined in accordance with the testing methodology referred to in this Decision.
                  
               
                     (17)
                  
                  
                     In order to facilitate a wider deployment of the innovative technology in new vehicles, a manufacturer should also have the possibility to submit a single application for the certification of the CO2 savings from several 48 Volt efficient motor generators combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter. It is, however, appropriate to ensure that, where that possibility is used, a mechanism is applied that incentivises the deployment of only those innovative technologies that offer the highest CO2 savings.
                  
               
                     (18)
                  
                  
                     It is the responsibility of the type-approval authority to verify thoroughly that the conditions for certifying the CO2 savings from the use of an innovative technology as specified in this Decision are met. Where the certification is issued, the responsible type-approval authority should ensure that all elements considered for the certification are recorded in a test report and kept together with the verification report and that this information is made available to the Commission on request.
                  
               
                     (19)
                  
                  
                     For the purpose of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type-approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (12), it is necessary to attribute an individual code to the innovative technology.
                  
               
                     (20)
                  
                  
                     From 2021, manufacturers’ compliance with their specific CO2 emissions targets is to be established on the basis of CO2 emissions determined in accordance with the WLTP. CO2 savings from the innovative technology certified by reference to this Decision may therefore be taken into account for the calculation of manufacturers average specific CO2 emissions from the calendar year 2021 onwards,
                  
               HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
         
            Article 1
            Innovative technology
            The technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/631 taking into account that the CO2 savings it delivers are only partially covered by the standard test procedure set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, and provided that the technology conforms to the following:
            
                        (a)
                     
                     
                        it is fitted in passenger cars (M1) or light commercial vehicles (N1) powered by internal combustion engines running on petrol or diesel (conventional ICE powered M1 and N1 vehicles) or in not-off-vehicle charging hybrid electric vehicles of category M1 or N1 for which uncorrected measured fuel consumption and CO2 emission values may be used in accordance with paragraph 1.1.4 of Appendix 2, Sub-annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151;
                     
                  
                        (b)
                     
                     
                        its efficiency, which is the product of the efficiency of the 48 Volt motor-generator and the efficiency of the 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter, determined in accordance with point 2.3 of the Annex, is at least
                        
                                    (i)
                                 
                                 
                                    73,8 % for petrol-fuelled vehicles other than turbo-charged;
                                 
                              
                                    (ii)
                                 
                                 
                                    73,4 % for turbo-charged petrol-fuelled vehicles;
                                 
                              
                                    (iii)
                                 
                                 
                                    74,2 % for diesel-fuelled vehicles.
                                 
                              
                  
         
            Article 2
            Application for certification of CO2 savings
            
               1.   A manufacturer may apply to a type-approval authority for certification of the CO2 savings from the use of the technology approved in accordance with Article 1 (‘the innovative technology’) by reference to this Decision.
            
            
               2.   The manufacturer shall ensure that the application for the certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent and certified body confirming that the technology conforms to points (a) and (b) of Article 1.
            
            
               3.   Where CO2 savings have been certified in accordance with Article 3, the manufacturer shall ensure that the certified CO2 savings and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) are recorded in the certificate of conformity of the vehicles concerned.
            
         
         
            Article 3
            Certification of CO2 savings
            
               1.   The type-approval authority shall ensure that CO2 savings achieved from the use of the innovative technology have been determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.
            
            
               2.   Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO2 savings for more than one type of 48 Volt motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter in relation to one vehicle version, the type-approval authority shall determine which of the 48 Volt motor-generators combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter tested delivers the lowest CO2 savings. That value shall be used for the purpose of paragraph 4.
            
            
               3.   The type approval authority shall record the certified CO2 savings calculated in accordance with point 4 of the Annex, and the eco-innovation code referred to in Article 4(1) in the relevant type-approval documentation.
            
            
               4.   The type-approval authority shall record all the elements considered for the certification in a test report and keep that together with the verification report referred to in Article 2(2), and shall make that information available to the Commission on request.
            
            
               5.   The type-approval authority shall only certify CO2 savings from the use of the innovative technology if it finds that the technology conforms with points (a) and (b) of Article 1, and if the CO2 savings determined in accordance with point 3.5 of the Annex are 0,5 g CO2/km or higher, as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 in the case of passenger cars, or in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 in the case of light commercial vehicles.
            
         
         
            Article 4
            Eco-innovation code
            
               1.   The innovative technology approved by this Decision is attributed with the eco-innovation code 32.
            
            
               2.   The certified CO2 savings recorded by reference to that eco-innovation code may be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of manufacturers starting from the calendar year 2021.
            
         
         
            Article 5
            Entry into force
            This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
         
         
            Done at Brussels, 6 August 2020.
            
               
                  For the Commission
               
               
                  The President
               
               Ursula VON DER LEYEN
            
         
         
            (1)  OJ L 111, 25.4.2019, p. 13.
         
            (2)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 of 25 July 2011 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 194, 26.7.2011, p. 19).
         
            (3)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 of 25 April 2014 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from light commercial vehicles pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 125, 26.4.2014, p. 57).
         
            (4)  Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/314 of 21 February 2019 on the approval of the technology used in SEG Automotive Germany GmbH High efficient 48V motor generator (BRM) plus 48V/12V DC/DC converter for use in conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid powered passenger cars as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 51, 22.2.2019, p. 42).
         
            (5)  Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/313 of 21 February 2019 on the approval of the technology used in SEG Automotive Germany GmbH High efficient 48V motor generator (BRM) plus 48V/12V DC/DC converter for use in conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid powered light commercial vehicles as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from light commercial vehicles pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 51, 22.2.2019, p. 31).
         
            (6)  Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 of 1 June 2017 supplementing Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 1).
         
            (7)  Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community’s integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1).
         
            (8)  Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2011 setting emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles as part of the Union's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (OJ L 145, 31.5.2011, p. 1).
         
            (9)  https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/a19b42c8-8e87-4b24-a78b-9b70760f82a9/July%202018%20Technical%20Guidelines.pdf
         
            (10)  Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 199, 28.7.2008, p. 1).
         
            (11)  Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1102 of 24 July 2020 on the approval of the technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter for use in conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles as an innovative technology pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council and by reference to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) (OJ L 241, 27.7.2020, p. 38).
         
            (12)  Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).
      
      
         
            ANNEX
            
               Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of the technology used in a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter for conventional combustion engine and certain hybrid electric passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
            
            1.   INTRODUCTION
            This Annex sets out the methodology to determine the CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission savings from the use of a 48 Volt efficient motor-generator (‘48V motor-generator’), combined with a 48 Volt/12 Volt DC/DC converter ‘48V/12V DC/DC converter’), in an M1 or N1 vehicle as specified in Article 1(a)).
            2.   DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCIES
            The efficiency of the 48V motor-generator and the 48V/12V DC/DC converter is to be determined separately as specified in points 2.1 and 2.2. The resulting values are to be used as input for the calculation of the total efficiency of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter in accordance with point 2.3.
            2.1.   48V motor-generator efficiency
            
            The efficiency of the 48V motor-generator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the following precisions.
            The manufacturer shall provide evidence to the type-approval authority that the frequency ranges of the 48V motor-generator are the same as or equivalent to those set out in Table 1.
            The efficiency of the 48V motor-generator shall be determined on the basis of measurements at each of the operating points listed in Table 1.
            The current intensity of the 48V motor-generator at each operating point shall be half the rated current. For each operating point, the voltage and the output current of the 48V motor-generator shall be kept constant during the measurement, with the voltage at 52V.
            
               Table 1
            
            
                        Operating point
                        i
                     
                     
                        Holding time
                        [s]
                     
                     
                        Rotational frequency
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        Frequency of operating points
                        
                           
                     
                  
                        1
                     
                     
                        1 200 
                     
                     
                        1 800 
                     
                     
                        0,25
                     
                  
                        2
                     
                     
                        1 200 
                     
                     
                        3 000 
                     
                     
                        0,40
                     
                  
                        3
                     
                     
                        600
                     
                     
                        6 000 
                     
                     
                        0,25
                     
                  
                        4
                     
                     
                        300
                     
                     
                        10 000 
                     
                     
                        0,10
                     
                  The efficiency of the 48V motor-generator at each operating point i () [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 1.
            
               Formula 1
            
            
               
            where, for each operating point i,
            
                        Ui
                        
                     
                     
                        is the voltage [V];
                     
                  
                        Ii
                        
                     
                     
                        is the current intensity [A];
                     
                  
                        Μi
                        
                     
                     
                        is the torque [Nm];
                     
                  
                        ni
                        
                     
                     
                        is the rotational frequency [min-1].
                     
                  For each operating point, the measurements are to be performed at least five times consecutively and the efficiency shall be calculated for each of those measurements  with j being the index referring to one set of measurements.
            For each operating point, the average of those efficiencies  shall be calculated.
            The efficiency of the 48V motor-generator  [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 2.
            
               Formula 2
            
            
               
            where
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the mean efficiency of the 48V motor-generator determined for operating point i [%]
                     
                  
                        hi
                        
                     
                     
                        is the frequency of operating point i, as set out in Table 1.
                     
                  2.2.   48V/12V DC/DC converter efficiency
            
            The efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be determined under the following conditions:
            
                        —
                     
                     
                        Input voltage of 52 V
                     
                  
                        —
                     
                     
                        Output voltage of 14,3 V
                     
                  
                        —
                     
                     
                        Output current: nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter divided by the output voltage of 14,3 V
                     
                  The nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be the continuous output power certified by the supplier in accordance with the requirements specified in ISO 8854:2012.
            The efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter  [%] shall be calculated from the current and voltage intensity measurements according to Formula 3.
            
               Formula 3
            
            
               
            where
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the input voltage, which shall be set to 52 [V]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the current intensity measured on the input side [A]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the output voltage, which shall be set to 14,3 [V]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the current intensity measured on the output side, which should be equal to the nominal power of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter divided by the output voltage [A]
                     
                  The measurements and efficiency calculations shall be repeated at least five (5) times consecutively.
            The average of those efficiencies shall then be the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter  [%].
            2.3.   Combined efficiency
            
            The efficiency of the 48V motor generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter  [%] is calculated in accordance with Formula 4.
            
               Formula 4
            
            
               
            
                        
                           
                        :
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator, as determined in point 2.1 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, as determined in point 2.2 [%]
                     
                  3.   CALCULATION OF THE CO2 SAVINGS
            3.1.   Saved mechanical power
            
            The difference  [W] between the saved mechanical power when using the 48V motor generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter under real-world conditions  and the saved mechanical power when using the 48V motor generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter under type-approval conditions  shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 5.
            
               Formula 5
            
            
               
            where
            
                shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 6 and  in accordance with Formula 7.
            
               Formula 6
            
            
               
            
               Formula 7
            
            
               
            where,
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, as determined in point 2.3 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions, which is 750 W
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the power requirement under ‘type-approval’ conditions, which is 350 W
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the baseline alternator, which is 67 %
                     
                  3.2.   Calculation of the CO2 savings
            
            The CO2 savings of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter  shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8.
            
               Formula 8
            
            
               
            where,
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the difference between the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions, as determined in point 3.1
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the mean driving speed of the WLTP, which is 46,6 km/h
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the consumption of effective power as specified in Table 2 [l/kWh]
                     
                  
                        CF
                     
                     is the conversion factor as set out in Table 3 
                           
                     
                  
               Table 2
            
            
                        Type of engine
                     
                     
                        Consumption of effective power 
                        
                           
                     
                  
                        Petrol-fuelled other than turbo-charged
                     
                     
                        0,264
                     
                  
                        Turbo-charged petrol-fuelled
                     
                     
                        0,280
                     
                  
                        Diesel-fuelled
                     
                     
                        0,220
                     
                  
               
            
               Table 3
            
            
                        Type of fuel
                     
                     
                        Conversion factor (CF)
                        
                           
                     
                  
                        Petrol
                     
                     
                        2 330 
                     
                  
                        Diesel
                     
                     
                        2 640 
                     
                  3.3.   Calculation of the uncertainty of the CO2 savings
            
            The uncertainty of the CO2 savings calculated in accordance with point 3.2 shall be quantified.
            For this, the following calculations are needed.
            First, the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator at each operating point  [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 9.
            
               Formula 9
            
            
               
            where
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the number of measurements j undertaken at each operating point i for the 48V motor-generator efficiency, as referred to in point 2.1
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator calculated for an individual measurement j at operating point i as referred to in point 2.1 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the average efficiency of the 48V motor-generator calculated for an operating point i, as determined in point 2.1 [%]
                     
                  Next, the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator  [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 10.
            
               Formula 10
            
            
               
            where
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is as determined by Formula 9 [%]
                     
                  
                        hi
                        
                     
                     
                        is the frequency of operating point i, as set out in Table 1.
                     
                  Then, the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter  [%] shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 11.
            
               Formula 11
            
            
               
            where
            
                        L
                     
                     
                        is the number of measurements l undertaken for the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, as referred to in point 2.2
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter calculated for an individual measurement l as referred to in point 2.2 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, as determined in point 2.2 [%]
                     
                  Finally, the uncertainty in the CO2 savings  of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 12 and shall not exceed 30 % of the CO2 savings.
            
               Formula 12
            
            
               
            where
            
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the power requirement under ‘real-world’ conditions, which is 750 W
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the power requirement under type-approval conditions, which is 350 W
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the total efficiency of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter as determined in point 2.3 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the consumption of effective power as specified in Table 2 [l/kWh]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     is the fuel conversion factor as specified in Table 3 
                           
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the mean driving speed of the WLTP, which is 46,6 km/h
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is standard deviation of the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator as determined in accordance with Formula 10 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V motor-generator, as determined in point 2.1 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the standard deviation of the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter, as determined in accordance with Formula 11 [%]
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     
                        is the efficiency of the 48V/12V DC/DC converter as determined in point 2.2 [%]
                     
                  3.4.   Rounding
            
            The CO2 savings  calculated in accordance with point 3.2 and the uncertainty of the CO2 savings  calculated in accordance with point 3.3 shall be rounded to a maximum of two decimal places.
            Each value used in the calculation of the CO2 savings can be applied unrounded or must be rounded to the minimum number of decimal places which allows the maximum total impact (i.e. combined impact of all rounded values) on the savings to be lower than 0,25 gCO2/km.
            3.5.   Check against the minimum CO2 savings threshold
            
            The type-approval authority shall ensure for each vehicle version fitted with the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter that the minimum threshold criterion as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014 is met.
            When verifying whether the minimum threshold criterion is met, the type-approval authority shall take into account, in accordance with Formula 13, the CO2 savings determined in point 3.2, the uncertainty determined in point 3.3 and, where applicable, a CO2 correction, in the case of a positive mass difference (Δm) between the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter and the baseline alternator.
            For the purpose of the positive mass correction, the mass of the baseline alternator shall be set to 7 kg.
            The manufacturer shall provide to the type approval authority information on the mass of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter as certified by the supplier.
            
               Formula 13
            
            
               
            where,
            
                        MT
                     
                     
                        is 0,5 g CO2/km as specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 427/2014
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     is the CO2 savings as determined in point 3.2 
                           
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     uncertainty of the total CO2 savings as determined in point 3.3 
                           
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     CO2 correction, in the case of a positive mass difference (Δm) [kg] between the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter and the baseline alternator, calculated in accordance with Table 4: 
                           
                     
                  
               Table 4
            
            
                        Type of fuel
                     
                     
                        CO2 correction 
                        
                           
                     
                  
                        Petrol
                     
                     
                        0,0277 Δm
                     
                  
                        Diesel
                     
                     
                        0,0383 Δm
                     
                  4.   CERTIFICATION OF CO2 SAVINGS
            The CO2 savings to be certified by the type-approval authority in accordance with Article 11 of Implementing Regulations (EU) No 725/2011 or (EU) No 427/2014  are those calculated in accordance with Formula 14. The CO2 savings shall be recorded in the type approval certificate for each vehicle version fitted with the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter.
            
               Formula 14
            
            
               
            where,
            
                        
                           
                     
                     is the CO2 savings as determined in accordance with Formula 8 under point 3.2 
                           
                     
                  
                        
                           
                     
                     is the uncertainty in the CO2 savings of the 48V motor-generator combined with the 48V/12V DC/DC converter calculated in accordance with Formula 12 under point 3.3