CELEX: 51991PC0281(02)
Language: en
Date: 1991-07-22
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ADOPTING SPECIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY ( 1992-1994 )

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                       C0M(91) 281 f i l i a l - SYN 352
                                       Brussels, 22 July 1991
           COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL
                    relating to a COUNCIL RESOLUTION
             concerning act Ivit les to be undertaken by the
                       Joint Research Centre (JRC)
                              Proposal for a
                            COUNCIL DECISION                         - SYN 352
              adopting specific research programmes to be
                implemented by the Joint Research Centre
            for the European Economic Community (1992-1994)
*9k                           Proposal for a
                            COUNCIL DECISION
              adopting specific research programmes to be
            implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the
              European Atomic Energy Community (1992-1994)
                              Proposal for a
                             COUNCIL DECISION
           adopting a supplementary research programme to be
            implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the
                    European Atomic Energy Community
                      (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---       JRC PROGRAMME
              PROPOSAL
             1992 - 1994
I. INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES
II. ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES
III. PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL RESOLUTION
     AND DECISIONS
     Technical Annex: Scientific-Technical Work
     (Institute by Institute)
     Financial Statements
     Statement of Impact on Competitiveness
     and Employment
 ---pagebreak---        CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC
      OBJECTIVES
 ---pagebreak--- INTRODUCTION
1.      This document contains the proposal of the Commission for the activities t o
        be undertaken by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d
        1992-1994.
2.      In 1988, following an in-depth examination of the JRC by a panel of Senior
        Industrialists, the Commission engaged in a major restructuration of the JRC
        and since that period, with the approval of the CounciP and the Parliament2
        the JRC has undertaken four distinct types of activity:
               specific research programmes under the Framework Programme3;
               scientific and technical work in support of other services of t h e
               Commission;
               contractual work for external third parties;
               exploratory research.
 3.     For the future, it is proposed to pursue these four types of activity and whilst
        only specific research programmes under the Framework Programme and
        the Euratom supplementary programme for the exploitation of the HFR
        reactor (contributing to the activity Contractual Work for External Third
        Parties) require Council Decisions under the relevant Treaties' procedures, it
        appears opportune that the Commission's proposals for such decisions be
         inserted in a general framework describing how the JRC intends to operate
         as a whole; for that purpose, and in the same way as in 1988, the overall
         activities of the JRC should be the object of a Council Resolution.
 4.      Having set the restructuration well under way, the Commission wishes t o
         adopt a long-term view on the role of the JRC in the European Community
         and its proposal for the period 1992-1994, synchronised w i t h the Third
         Framework Programme, has been established within the frame of a longer-
         term strateqy to the year 2000. This strategy will be summarized in the next
         section of tnis document.
         In terms of the operations of the JRC, the most significant feature has been
         the reorganisation into Institutes which have become the backbone of the
         new system; hence, the detailed presentation of JRC overall activities for
          1992-1994 will be made in the Technical Annex on an Institute by Institute
         basis.
 ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE 1988
 6.      The proposals for the period 1992-1994 are firmly based on an in-depth
         analysis of the current achievements of the JRC compared to the specific
         objectives set for it by Council in 1988. In particular, they take into account
         the status of work in progress and which has been reported in the successive
         JRC Annual Reports for the years 1988,1989 and 1990.
 ( 1 ) see Council Resolution of 29. 1988 No 88/C 197/03 in OJ No C 197/4.
 (2) see Legislative Resolution embodying the Opinion of the European Parliament in OJ No
      C/94/31, 11.4.1988, p. 74
 (3) see Council Decisions of 14 10 1988 No 88/521/EEC in OJ No L 286/29 and No 88/522/Euratom in
      OJ No L 286/33
 ---pagebreak---                                            -2
7. Furthermore, they also take into account the guidance received from the
   evaluation carried o u t at m i d - p r o g r a m m e "by a h i g h level panel of
   independent experts, led by Dr. Harry Beckers of Shell International. This
   evaluation was performed under the terms of the Council Decisions on the
   1988-1991 Programme and, accompanied by the observations of the Board
   of Governors, was presented by t h e Commission t o t h e Council a n d
   European Parliament on 16th January 1990. It gave rise t o long t e r m
   strategic planning for the JRC and a streamlining of its internal structure,
   notably by the merging of t w o of the Institutes into the Institute for Systems
   Engineering and Informatics. The panel recommendations also led to an
   extension and intensification of the customer/contractor principle, b o t h
   w i t h regard t o t h e support for Commission activities and t o relations
   between the JRC Institutes and the JRC's general services. Finally, where
   Commission or Community regulations are concerned, additional flexibility
   in the administrative procedures was introduced, particularly in respect of
   recruitment.
8. As required by f             Council Decisions, a final overall evaluation w i l l be
   undertaken at th.- end of 1991 to determine progress during the period
   since 1988. In pdrticular, this w i l l assess t h e scientific, technical and
   economic results of the research undertaken w i t h specific reference to the
   objectives set by the Council in 1988, and also the cost-effetiveness of the
   JRC's activities, taking into account the impact of the administrative and
   financial restructuration which has been implemented since 1988. In
   agreement w i t h the Board of Governors an evaluation panel has already
   been nominated, and it is chaired by Sir Hermann Bondi, FRS.
WHAT STRATEGY FOR THE JRC UP TO THE YEAR 2000 ?
9. The Commission considers that the remit of the JRC for the years to come
   should be t o conduct basic/strategic and applied/target oriented research as
   an integral part of the European Science and Technology system. It should
   f o l l o w the basic principles of customer/contractor and subsidiarity w i t h the
   f o l l o w i n g characteristics:
              scientific and technical excellence;
              neutrality and independence;
              unique research facilities;
              openness t o all Community Member States.
   The basic and applied research in science and technology carried o u t by the
    JRC should meet the needs of the Community as a whole, its Institutions and
    Member States w i t h the objectives of:
              contributing to the strengthening of the scientific and technological
              basis for European industry and to the development of its international
              competitivity;
              contributing to the enhancement of the quality of the human and
              natural environment;
              contributing to t h e improvement of public safety aspects of new
              technologies;
              contributing to the reduction of scientific and technological disparities
              between the Member States of the Community;
 ---pagebreak---                                           -3-
            providing scientific and technical services to Community Institutions,
            and making JRC competences and scientific and technical installations
            available to public and private bodies.
10.  Whatever form is adopted for the JRC in the long-term, it is considered that
     its distinctive Community character must be preserved. The structure should
     be dictated by the allotted tasks and the Centre must maintain its
     institutional role of providing scientific and technical support for the
     implementation of Community policies, while continuing to be open to the
     outside. In all cases, the JRC should remain an integral component of
     European R&D policy and this is fully reflected in the present Proposal.
JRC TASKS GUIDED BY THE MARKETPLACE
11.  Bearing in mind that the Centre is driven by the needs of its marketplace,
     having to take account of the subsidiarity principle and develop its particular
     actions under the application of the customer/contractor principle, long-
     lasting criteria for the JRC contributions to Community policies may be
     established:
            performing research where the specific Community nature of the
            Centre is an advantage, either because of its independence of
            judgment and neutrality or because of the close links with the
            Commission's Directorates-General responsible for implementing
            Community policies. This applies primarily to research of a regulatory
            or pre-normative nature or of public utility, and it is here that the
            institutional role of the JRC appears most clearly;
            performing research of the scientific watch type or of a conservative
            type -to maintain scientific competences in areas which may present a
            potential for development or which may return to importance at a
            later stage- where there is an advantage in concentrating at a central
            point in the Community specialised research with a long-term interest
            or a high risk element. Recognised scientific-technical competence is
            an essential condition to justify the concentration of research at the
            JRC;
            serving as a focal point for research on cross-frontier problems in which
            the JRC, through integrated operations bringing together its own
            research and the work of industrial or national laboratories, contribute
            to the European effort towards excellence and cohesion between
            Member States of the Community and acts as a bridge between groups
            of Member States presenting different levels of scientific and technical
            development;
            contributing to establishing links with the EFTA and other European
            countries, notably the Central and Eastern countries;
             linked with the above activities, the JRC may contribute in selected
             areas where it has strong competences, to the management of shared
            cost actions and similar schemes;
             external dimensions of the JRC activities assign a role for the Centre as
             a continuing active partner in selected EUREKA projects and as a'
             contributor to Commission actions related to i n t e r n a t i o n a l
             cooperation of a more global dimension;
 ---pagebreak---                                                   -4
           p r o v i d i n g specialised t r a i n i n g in research. This is n o t a mere
           continuation of the current traditional fellowship scheme (sectoral
           scientific-technical grants), b u t a visualisation of t h e JRC w i t h a
           permanent role t h r o u g h its planned contributions to the human
           c a p i t a l a n d m o b i l i t y o b j e c t i v e as o p e n e d up in t h e T h i r d
           FrameworkProgramme, and thereby provide its contributions to the
           creation of a true scientific and technological society in Europe;
           through activities carried out in association or through specific work
           under contract, providing industry, national public bodies and others,
           including the European Environment Agency w i t h specific expertise
           and facilities developed in the course of research;
           specialized and costly installations developed by the JRC and whose
           duplication at a national or commercial level would not be justified
           will, in addition to their use in JRC programmes, be placed at t h e
           disposal of other organizations, either in collaboration agreements or
           under contractual arrangements with public or private bodies.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER OF THE CENTRE
12.  A fundamental strength of the JRC, which is the basis of its remit, is the
     European dimension of its work. This is not limited to scientific-technical
     activities in a few scientific disciplines. Indeed, a second strength is t h e
     multidisciplinary character of the Centre where the span of competences
     and skills - admittedly to a varying degree - stretches over many sciences.
     The JRC has a strong tradition of executing projects of a multicfisciplinary
     nature. This multidisciplinarity is indeed reflected in the subject areas of
     most of the Institutes and promises that, in the future, the JRC will also be
     able to take up new challenges as needs arise based on the flexibility
     required of a European laboratory. Consequently, multidisciplinarity should
     be cultivated for the future.
     On the other hand, this should not lead to a complete dispersion of the
     activities which are undertaken. While remaining customer-driven, the
     Centre and its management must have clear views on the proper scientific-
     technical orientations for the JRC and be able to keep a balance in order t o
     ensure that the activities and contracts which are accepted can be executed
     at any time w i t h the requisite level of competence, qualitatively as well as
     quantitatively.
JRC SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
13.  As n o t e d in section 2 of this d o c u m e n t , t h e Council Resolution o f
     29 June 1988 specified the first of the activities of the JRC, its predominant
     task for the period 1988 to 1991, the "implementation of the Framework
     Programme by means of specific programmes and preparatory research".
     This definition still holds good for the 1992-1994 period and is the subject of
     the proposals presented herein.
     The work is oriented towards meeting t h e overall objectives o f t h e
     Framework Programme and those set out for the particular lines of t h e
     Framework Programme to which the JRC contributes, or in more detail, t o
     the objectives of specific research programmes whose execution is entrusted
     to the JRC. While the JRC Board of Governors remains the proper guardian
 ---pagebreak---                                            5-
    of the JRC and its work, and sees that JRC research constantly evolves
    towards the objectives set out, a close coordination will be maintained w i t h
    the relevant shared cost action programmes, notably through a full and
    detailed exchange of information with their respective committees on the
    JRC research in those areas.
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
14. The JRC will contribute to the objectives of the Third Framework Programme
    through the following lines:
           Industrial and Materials Technologies;
           Measurement and Testing;
           Environment;
           Nuclear Fission Safety;
           Con trolled Nuclear Fusion;
           Human Capital and Mobility.
    The broad objectives of the JRC contribution to these lines are set out below.
     More detailed descriptions are provided in the Technical Annex.
15.  In the field of Industrial and Materials Technologies the planned JRC
     contribution concerns:
            Working Environment and
            Materials.
     With regard to Working Environment, while keeping in mind the normal
     application of the subsidiarity principle, an important project selection
     critérium will be the orientation towards prenormative research. The
     Community will be called upon for further regulatory actions in areas such as
     health care and risk control, setting upper and lower limits (e.g. toxicology),
     standard evaluation methods and procedures for analysis, evaluation of risks
     to workers, and evaluation of the working environment in relation to the
     introduction of new technologies. Research should furthermore evolve in
     close collaboration with relevant national bodies in the Member States, and
     with the coming European Agency for Safety at Work.
     Consequently the JRC has selected the following research themes which
     match existing JRC skills, w i t h the objective of actively contributing to this
     work:
            Toxicology and Occupational      Health;
            Occupational Accident Research and
            Risk Prevention.
                                                                                      8
 ---pagebreak---     With regard to Materials, research will be oriented towards the following
    areas which all have a strong prenormative dimension and represent
    important enabling technologies for a whole range of advanced industrial
    applications:
           Alloys and In termetallics;
           Ceramics and Composites;
           Coatings and Processing;
           Surface Modification Technology;
           New Functional Materials;
           Non Destructive and Evaluation Techniques for Advanced           Materials
           and Components;
           Information and Data Management.
    These pre cts have the objective of helping to ensure that Community
    manufac ring industry has better access to a range of cost-effective, well-
    characterized advanced materials and that these materials are incorporated
    into high performance components. The activity also provides a focal point
    for the exchange of information on prenormative research on advanced
    materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will be
    conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and
    furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International
    standardisation efforts in the vast field of new materials.
16.  In the field of Measurement and Testing, the essential contribution of the
     JRC is the continuation of activities in both the nuclear and non-nuclear
     fields of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the Central
     Bureau for Nuclear Measurements, notably in the following areas:
           Preparation, Characterization and Certification of Samples;
           Long-lived or Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry;
           Nuclear Data Measurements and Evaluation;
           Radionuclide Metrology;
           Applied Radiation Techniques.
     Research also in the growing application of these specialized techniques to
     non-nuclear areas will capitalize on the existing experimental facilities
     including the particle accelerators.Furthermore, specific prenormative
     research activities will be continued in the fields of Reliability of Structures
     and on a lesser scale in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic); the latter activity
     being centred around the utilisation of the existing European Solar Test
     Installation (ESTI). Research and Reliability of Structures will be refocussed
     on the use of the new Reaction Wall facility. This installation is unique in
     Europe, fully complementary with other means of research in Member
     States, and a multinational programme for its utilisation has been agreed.
                                                                                      9
 ---pagebreak--- Other significant activities with national participation are performed in the areas
of life prediction of structures and the evaluation of their lifetime in service.
Seen as a whole, these activities are related to the IRDAC initiative to trigger
enhanced community research in prenormative fields.
17.    In the field of Environment.             JRC contributions supporting the
       implementation of Community environment policy are envisaged in three
       areas:
             Participation in Global Change Programmes;
             Technologies and Engineering for the Environment and
             Research on Economic and Social Aspects.
       In the Global Change area, emphasis will be placed on a strong cooperation
       with laboratories and institutes in the Member States and at the
       international level, the JRC contribution will mainly concern:
             Modelling    and Air Pollution    Transport;
             Air Chemistry linked notably to the fate of biogenic and     anthropogenic
             emissions;
             Biosphere-Atmosphere         Interaction;
             Related applications of remote sensing which will focus on the
             interactions between land and ocean surface parameters and climate.
             It is furthermore aimed towards the development of remote sensing
             methods applied to critical components of global change.
       Activities under the heading of Technologies and Engineering             for the
        Environment will mainly concern:
             Environmental Chemicals (migration and transformation in soil and
             their impact on çjround water, harmonization of analytical methods
             for water analysis, development of a mobile laboratory for in field
             analysis of contaminants in soil and water, characterization of algal-
             blooms, biomonitoring of environmental chemicals, trace metal
             exposures and human diseases, risk evaluation of environmental
             chemicals); these activities will notably be aligned towards chemical
             waste problems;
              The further development of techniques and systems to protect           the
              environment, more specifically, systems to prevent or mitigate process
             and equipment failures in the chemical and process industry;
              Environmental    monitoring      through    remote sensing focussing    on
             advanced techniques.
 ---pagebreak---                                               8-
A major concentration of new and existing contributions by the JRC to the
field of environment should be achieved by establishing w i t h i n the JRC,
together w i t h the European Space Agency (ESA), a Centre for Earth
Observation (CEO). The JRC part of the Centre will be set up through active
collaboration between the relevant Institutes, i.e. the Institute for Remote
Sensing Applications, the Institute for Systems Engineering and Informatics
and the Environment Institute.
The main objective of this Centre will be to provide an effective network for
the full exploitation of the earth observation data including that obtained
by spaceborne sensors. Its activities would include archiving, processing,
validation and standardization of global environmental data. The w o r k
w o u l d be u n d e r t a k e n in c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h t h e ESA a n d n a t i o n a l
organisations and would help to provide adequate and timely information
on the state of the environment as needed, by the European Environment
Agency for example. The establishment of the Centre would require a series
o f preparatory phases beginning in 1992 and completed w i t h prototype
implementations in 1993-1994 aiming at full operation in the f o l l o w i n g
programme period. During the preparatory phases 1992-1994 of the CEO,
the Institutes could contribute to prototype studies based on thematic
applications (e.g. o n g o i n g projects like TREES, OCEAN a n d MARS:
Monitoring Agriculture w i t h Remote Sensing) in order t o fully test t h e
requirements for CEO.
Research on Economic and Social Aspects will relate essentially t o risk
 management and conventional industrial safety such as the development of
decision support systems for plant safety, plant emergency management
 and territorial risk management.
The existing work on Reliability, Risk Assessment and Accident                      Management
will be strengthened.
 Considering the interdisciplinary character of safety-related problems and
 the research required for their solution, the above wori< t o g e t h e r w i t h
 other related research work, should give rise to the establishment, w i t h i n
 the JRC, of a European Office for Safety which would act via executive
 centres such as:
        a Centre f o r Accident Analysis focussing its a t t e n t i o n o n t h e
        development and verification of reference calculation tools in those
        areas where the complexity and nature of events t o be analysed
        demand an harmonized approach in the Community countries;
         a Structural Integrity Centre which w o u l d address t h e accident
         prevention issue in the f o l l o w i n g areas: v a l i d a t i o n and f u r t h e r
         i m p r o v e m e n t of construction norms and standards, s t r u c t u r a l
         diagnostic and reliability and validation and h a r m o n i z a t i o n of
         inspection procedures;
         an A c c i d e n t M a n a g e m e n t C e n t r e w h i c h s h o u l d p r o v i d e
         response/rescue organizations with information and -esearch results
         quickly available to help in an actual emergency, plus t h e data
         acquisition and management to facilitate post-accident analysis and
         m i t i g a t i o n . One area of p a r t i c u l a r c o n c e r n s h o u l d be t h e
         transportation of hazardous material.
                                                                                                      11
 ---pagebreak---                                         -9-
    In addition to research, development and support, the Office would provide
    education and training in each of the above areas and establish data
    collection, interpretation and distribution facilities where necessary.
    When established, the Office, based on an intimate collaboration between
    the relevant JRC Institutes, would become the point of contact and common
    interface for national organisations, in particular public authorities and
    industries and for support to other Commission services including DGs V
    and XI.
18. In the field of Nuclear Fission Safety contributions are envisaged in the
    following areas with the objective of enhancing scientific and technical
    knowledge in this field:
           Reactor Safety;
           Sa feguards and Fissile Materials Management;
           Radioactive Waste Management and
           Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety.
    Reactor Safety
    The JRC activities will concentrate on :
           Accident Prevention   Studies;
           Severe Accident     Studies participating      in risk assessment and
           concentrating on the study of phenomena using the FARO facility at
           Ispra and sharing the PHEBUS PFproject at Cadarache (CEA - France).
     Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management
     The Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management research activities will be
     structured into three main areas:
           Development    of Nuclear Materials  Measurements;
           Development    of Containment   and Surveillance Techniques;
           Integration  of Safeguards Measures.
     This research conducted in networks of collaborating national laboratories,
     underpins and provides timely results on the conception of new techniques
     essential for the fulfilment OT the Commission's obligations for Safeguards
     in the Community and the agreement with the International Atomic Energy
     Agency (IAEA).
     Radioactive Waste Management
     JRC activities on radioactive waste management have two objectives:
            to support the present strategy of Member States, which aims at the
           disposal of radioactive waste resulting from fuel reprocessing (or
           directly disposing spent fuels considered as a waste) in geological
            formations;
                                                                             12
 ---pagebreak---                                          10
           to carry out research on management strategies which may lead to a
           diminution of waste arising in future fuel cycle installations, thus
           mitigating the acceptability problems of final waste disposal.
    Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety
    It is proposed to continue research carried out thus far under the heading
    "Nuclear Fuels and Actinide Research" with a new programme entitled
     "Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety".
    Specifically, the programme for 1992-1994 will focus on the f o l l o w i n g
    subjects:
           Safety studies of nuclear fuel behaviour (UO2 and MOX) at extended
           burn-up, under transient, off-normal and accident conditions;
            Basic physico-chemical and solid state studies on ac: ^ides;
           Study of nuclear aerosols;
           Mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived            radioactive
           nuclides arising in the nuclear fuel cycle;
            Plutonium fuel technology (minor activity aimed at              maintaining
            competence in the field).
19.  In the field of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion the JRC activities will be
     largely oriented towards the objective of improving the knowledge base of
    those aspects of fusion machines w h i c h are r e l a t e d t o safety a n d
     environmental problems as requested by the European Fusion Programme.
    The most significant facility for this purpose at the JRC is ETHEL, t h e
     laboratory for handling tritium which is c -rently reaching completion at
     Ispra.
    The JRC effort will be focussed on the Su        j r t to the Next Step (NET/ITER),
     namely:
            acquisition of data and execution of tests in order to define the
            methods and procedures for safe handling of tritiated systems during
            operation and for storage and disposal of tritiated wastes by use of the
            European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory (ETHEL);
            contribution to design and safety analyses ofin-vessel components;
            development of tools and procedures for remote operation of reactor
            components;
                                                                         f r
            evaluation, testing and establishment of a data base              structural
            materials properties and nuclear data
     Long term studies will involve:
            development of low activation materials;
                                                                                         13
 ---pagebreak---                                          11
20. The JRC will contribute to the Human Capital and Mobility theme of the
    Framework Programme by providing such opportunities as:
    periods of attachment for training and new perspectives (mobility)            for
    promising young researchers, notably at the post-doctoral level, selected in
    agreement with national research centres and laboratories participating in
    the Human capital and Mobility Programme and with whom the JRC has
    established collaboration.     The action is thus contributing     both to the
    training and mobility of young researchers in Europe and to the creation
    and consolidation of scientific and technological cooperation networks of
    research teams and laboratories.       The training will be concentrated       on
    advanced research topics and research requiring             access to     unique
    experimental facilities, while respecting the subsidiarity principle.
    This important flow of research trainees will also be offered, during their
    stay at the JRC, additional opportunities to become acquainted with the
    European dimension of research, Community policies and a multi-cultural
    environment, which is an important side benefit much appreciated by past
    and present JRC visiting researchers.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
21. The above-cited Council Resolution (section 13 above) formalized work
    undertaken by the JRC as "scientific and technological support for the
    Commission", for other services. In the 1988-1991 Multiannual period, this
    group of activities has enjoyed a steadily increasing popularity and, with
    expenditure for the period estimated at 131 Mioecu, has outgrown the
    original budgetary predictions (120 Mioecu). Much attention has been paid
    to applying the customer/contractor principle to all work undertaken and a
     formal contract is drawn up between the JRC and the "client" Directorate
     General or Service for all except the most minor matters. The success of this
     exercise leads to the conclusion that the JRC is bringing a significant
     contribution to the Commission's much larger requirements for expert
     assistance and consultancy. The same tested formula will be applied to the
     period 1992-1994 with emphasis on:
           the reinforcement of the customer/contractor principle, notably
           through the assurance that all foreseeable multiannual operations are
           covered by a multiannual contract calling for precise work assignment
           and accountability with the customer Directorate-General, and that
           major multiannual projects are covered by a Council Decision or by a
           Commission decision upon the initiative of the customer Directorate-
           General. This is currently the case with one project for the Directorate-
           General for Agriculture and the Statistical Office, while plans are under
           way for a Commission Decision on new work for the Safeguards
           Directorate under the Directorate-General for Energy;
           conversely, a decision that other requests, mostly of a consultancy type,
           are limited to those of a clear temporary basis and for which a
           subsidiarity principle could apply.
     Amongst the new activities for 1992-1994 are the operations of a Centre for
     Validation of Alternative Testing Methods (i.e. alternative to animal tests in
     toxicology) as support to DG XI and operations of on-site safeguards
      laboratories as support to DG XVII.
                                                                                    14
 ---pagebreak---                                         -12
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
22. At the same time when instituting the other JRC activities, the Council, in its
    Resolution, believed that contractual work for external third parties should
    be developed, thus demonstrating the customer/contractor principle under
    the most stringent conditions in the Community and in world scientific
    markets. Although the initial target figures have proved to be over-
    ambitious for 1988-1991 (52 Mioecu compared to the latest estimate of
    40 Mioecu for the value of contracts signed during the period), much effort
    has been applied and from the feedback received from JRC customers,
    quality and speed of service are considered to be of a high order.
    The Commission attaches great importance to the stimulation introduced by
    this measure, bringing, as it does:
          closer contact with the "real world";
          measure of one's own competitiveness;
          valorisation of existing potential additional income.
    A new target has been set for 1992-1994 and to achieve it the JRC has
    already strengthened its marketing efforts, both at Institute and central
    levels. Classical marketing activities, however, are not enough; to fulfil the
    role of the JRC, it is of paramount importance that the latter is perceived as a
    partner, rather than a competitor, amongst national research laboratories.
    This concern calls for new and imaginative schemes for joint marketing with
    national partners, as described in Section 25 below.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
23. Another new group of activities now reaching maturity is exploratory
    research, previously termed "preparatory research". Projects under this
    heading have the purpose of:
          the improvement of scientific vitality and potential;
          the exploration of suitable and promising avenues;
          the testing of new ideas or concepts on a small experimental scale;
          the provision of additional facilities for visiting scientists and research
          fellows;
          the enhancement of the impact of industrial club activities.
     Due account of the value of this task, as emphasized by the Board of
     Governors, is reflected in the setting of levels of activity for 1 c ^.-1994.
EXPLOITATION AND DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
24/ The exploitation and dissemination of the research results will continue to
     be performed in close coordination with the Directorate-General DG XIII
     "Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation". Within the*
     JRC itself, a network should be constructed, linking well-focussed
     information centres (such as the Information Centre for Advanced Materials
                                                                                      15
 ---pagebreak---                                               -13-
    or the Actinides Information Centre). This network could be extended to
    include one or several information centre(s) for prenormative research i n :
             non-destructive evaluation techniques;
             structure reliability and codes of practice;
             measurement devices for pollution control;
             and indeed the proposed Centre for Earth Observation.
    Along the same lines it is planned to set up within the JRC a European Office
    for Safety initially comprising the following units (which are described in
    Section 17;):
             a Centre for Accident Analysis;
             a Structural Integrity Centre;
             an Accident Management Centre.
    The exploitation and dissemination of research results received a new scope
    w i t h the Framework Programme 1990-1994 and 1 % of all resources were
     assigned to this. The task for the dissemination and valorisation of scientific
     results is, by decision of the Commission, conferred to the Directorate-
     General XIII.
25.  Closely related to the exploitation of research results is the question of a
     possible JRC role in product or process innovation. While adhering to the
     view t h a t an i n s t i t u t i o n such as t h e JRC should c o n d u c t research
     predominantly on the basis of external pull, a certain amount of R&D which
     has the character of technology push is reasonable. Exploratory research can
     be an important source of this.
     Innovative R&D requires a positive, motivating approach, an inventiveness,
     and an awareness of the market place. Clearly this is an activity more
     a p p r o p r i a t e t o industry's involvement in product d e v e l o p m e n t and
     m a r k e t i n g . Nevertheless, there is scope for the e n c o u r a g e m e n t of
     innovative R&D in the JRC; for one reason, the successful outcome of an
     innovative piece of R&D which eventually becomes expressed in the form of
     industrial products, can attract an enormous amount of positive publicity for
     the Centre, and can generate considerable income.
     The JRC approach should be to encourage creativity and the maturing of
     ideas even to the point of a prototype where industrial firms may become
     interested in picking up these ideas and converting them into profitable
     products. This approach is now commonly accepted in most research
     organisations. The important thing here is not to try to develop innovative
     research as a new category of R&D, but for management w i t h i n t h e
     Institutes to spot ideas and encourage the staff to develop the innovative
     potential of them.
COMMON RESEARCH FACILITIES
26.  The highly specialized and in some cases unique facilities of t h e JRC
     constitute one of the most important assets of the organization. They
      represent a considerable investment and in some cases their operations are
                                                                                       16
 ---pagebreak---                                             14-
    quite costly, notably in the case of the nuclear installations. Yet, installations
    on a European scale and with a high degree of speciality, which contribute
    to reduce duplications in the Community, are an important part of the remit
    of the Centre and their very existence may be one of the driving forces for
    the future.
    The Board of Governors therefore, quite naturally, keeps a constant watch
    on the use and further development of the specialised facilities of the JRC.
    Annual reports and other literature from the JRC aimed at a wider public
    provide detailed information on these facilities and on their availability.
    For strategic planning purposes - and without going into details in this
    chapter - the following guidelines may be suggested :
            it is a continuing remit of the JRC to construct and maintain specialised
            facilities provided that:
            •       the customer base for the facilities is properly and convincingly
                    assessed and identified at the time of conceiving the installation
                    and throughout its lifetime;
            •       ;he customer base is the same as for all other JRC activities:
                    specific research programmes, support to the Commission and
                    contractual work for external third parties. Some installations,
                    however, may be seen as an element of the Centre's contribution
                    to economic and scientific cohesion in Europe, but here again the
                    customer base must be clearly identified f o r t h e particular
                    installation in question.
27.  A separate, but related issue, is that of JRC sites offering to host unique
     facilities, built by national or private organisations but conceived as "open
     shops", accessible to any partner inside the Community. This applies also to
     facilities developed as European Joint Ventures.
     JRC sites can provide these " j o i n t " facilities w i t h appropriate technical
     support and scientific environments but w o u l d not intervene in t h e i r
     management, which remains independent. Visitors using these facilities can
     benefit from other services of the JRC, for instance in areas of training and
     education.
COLLABORATION WITH NATIONAL RESEARCH
28.  The JRC should c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of i n t r a - E u r o p e a n
     cooperation and to the harmonious growth of all regions of the Community.
     This is already achieved t h r o u g h a series of f o r m a l and i n f o r m a l
     collaboration agreements w i t h national research laboratories and can be
     further developed through active collaboration w i t h public and private
     scientific organisations in all the Member States of the Community, notably
     by hosting at the JRC individual scientific visitors, grantholders and seconded
     national experts and by setting-up networks of associated laboratories. The
     collaboration will be further strengthened by the participation in the
      Human Capital and Mobility Programme.
     Some of the agreements concluded w i t h national laboratories call for joint
      marketing of collective competences and joint execution of research under
      contract with third parties. In one case this has led to plans for setting up a
      European Economic Interest Grouping between the JRC and its partners
                                                                                                       17
 ---pagebreak---                                        -15
    comprising national research laboratories in materials research. This model
    should also be followed in other fields and could lead t o a f u r t h e r
    consolidation of the significant and effective collaboration between the JRC
    and its national partners.
    A complementary way of strengthening the interaction w i t h national
    research to be considered could be to extend JRC activities to other locations
    than the current four sites.
    A straightforward extension according to the pattern adopted for the four
    existing sites, i.e. full-bred new establishments, w o u l d raise difficulties,
    notably from a financial and human resources' point of view. New sites
    which would follow the current concept, would further strain the limited
    personnel and budgetary resources of the JRC by adding significantly to its
    overheads.
    On the contrary, one should consider a new approach, i.e. the creation of
    JRC Outposts, working in strong synergy with host laboratories in Member
    States. Such outposts should be based on a strong motivation and mutual
    interest from both the JRC and the host laboratory to conduct research
    activities together. They should be created jointly by t h e JRC and a
    Government, a Region or a Science Park, the host authorities bearing the
    burden of infrastructure and subsequent running costs while JRC assigns a
    full team of researchers and finances the scientific specific credits.
    A JRC outpost could be created in a flexible way for a given period of time -
    for the duration of joint experiments, for example - or on a more long-term
    basis. The level of its staffing should be strictly determined by the research
    requirements in each particular case, and may vary in time. Therefore,
    contrary to the case for the already established sites, there will be no
    concern for maintaining a minimum (and rather high) staff level to secure
    proper continuity and significance of the operations. The JRC, in providing a
     research team for an outpost, would not only bring a new dimension of
    challenge to the researchers of the Centre, but would also offer a new
     means of increasing mobility and w o u l d therefore secure the effective
    transfer of knowledge between the JRC and national research communities.
     In all cases, the tightest synergy with a well-established national activity
    would be mandatory for the success of the operation.
    Overall, an active outpost policy is felt to be a new way of strengthening the
    ties w i t h national research in the Member States, meeting the precise
     requirements of specific regions, transferring the European vision and
     approach to local actors. Implementation of this policy should be initiated
    early in the 1992-1994 period.
A BASE SCENARIO FOR JRC 2000
29.  Following an exercise to establish a basic plan, the JRC management,
    together with the Board of Governors, has elaborated different scenarios
     for the evolution of the JRC up to the year 2000. These scenarios recognize
     the continuation, on a long-term basis, of the current modes of operation:
           specific research programmes under the Framework Programme;
           scientific and technical support to the Commission services;
                                                                             18
 ---pagebreak---                                           16
            contractual work for external third parties;
            exploratory research.
    Different ratios between these modes of operation have been considered,
    going from the present mix to mixes where support to the Commission or
    alternatively contractual work for external third parties become the
    predominant activity of the JRC.
30. The conclusion of these discussions favoured an evolution towards a JRC
    with a larger emphasis on the activity of scientific and technical support to
    the Commission. It finds its justification in the growing complexity and
    scope of scientific and technical issues to be faced by the Commission for the
    implementation of Community policies in the 1990's. This will imply
    recourse to a wide range of competent bodies such as national or European
    organisations, specialised agencies, including the JRC more closely linked
    than ever to Directorates-General responsible for policy formulation and
    implementation. An increase in real terms by about 30% for the 1992-1994
    period from the 1991 level of Support to the Commission activities
    represents this trend.
    Another feature of the scenario is a JRC which maintains an important but
    decreasing contribution to the successive Framework Programmes in areas
    where the Community truly benefits from the impartial and independent
    position of the JRC such as prenormative research on materials,
    e n v i r o n m e n t a l research and t h e spectrum of safety and risk
    assessment-oriented research. Furthermore, the Framework Programme
    contributions comprise recognized central functions such as safeguards R &
    D or actinides research and areas responding to Treaty obligations (Central
    Bureau for Nuclear Measurements). These contributions are joined by the
    important horizontal issue of human capital and mobility adding to the
    scope of the Centre as a training ground for young researchers and
    strengthening its collaboration with national research. All in all, the
    Framework Programme task from the 1988-1991 ratio of 69% of the totality
    of the JRC activities will diminish for the 1992-1994 period.
    Contractual work for external third parties, with inclusion of the new
    modalities of collaboration with national research laboratories (see sections
    22 and 28), should continue to represent a notable task of the JRC in the
    medium-term and in the long-term over the planning horizon, and certainly
    account for some 15-20% of the total activities of the Centre.
    Finally, a relatively modest but not negligible share of the total activities
     must continue to be devoted to exploratory research which is most essential
    for maintaining the scientific vitality o f the Centre and to ensure its
    availability to take up new scientific challenges in line with foreseen new
    demands.
    The described proposals in the present document are elaborated as a first
    step towards the realisation of this base scenario for JRC 2000.
                                                                                   19
 ---pagebreak---      JIG. Q-
  CHAPTER II
ORGANISATION
    AND
 RESOURCES
             20
 ---pagebreak---                                           -17
                      ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES
STRUCTURE
    The Commission intends to maintain the recently developed structure of the
    JRC Institutes for the 1992-1994 Programme period, the present structure
    being considered adequate.
    An issue which requires constant attention is the achievement of a proper
    balance between excessive centralisation and complete decentralisation.
    Central functions should only remain when there is an economic advantage
    in terms of staff or budget, when coherence with general rules must be
    monitored and implemented and when the corporate image of the JRC is at
    stake.
3.  Equally, the proper interface between the Institutes is a matter for constant
    surveillance particularly during periods where new programmes are under
    consideration. In general, it will never be possible to reach a state in which
    there is no need for Institutes to collaborate nor would that be desirable.
    The important issue is that of collaboration and maintenance of a collegiate
    concern in those projects, where a collaboration is necessary and to ensure
    that the definition of responsibilities is completely clear.
4.  The increasing autonomy of the Institutes has as a corollary, notably for the
    Ispra based ones, a wish to perform a greater degree of the administration
    themselves. Conversely, they will draw less on the central administrative
    services. The first steps towards these ends have already been taken in the
    financial field. All in ail, this trend does promise savings and rationalisation
    in the overall administrative services of the JRC.
    A new management accounting system is currently being implemented. Its
    purpose is to establish the true cost of all the Centre's operations and set
    their correct price. This in turn will allow the Institutes to establish better
    the cost of all their activities, increase cost-awareness and provide a basis for
    a wider internal customer/contractor relationship between the Institutes
    and the internal central services.
    The already established Management Efficiency Unit should contribute to a
    continuing watch that the general services of the JRC provide the best
     possible value for the resources available and contribute to the
    establishment of the internal customer/contractor relationship between the
     Institutes and central services.
    At Ispra, the implementation of the new structure of Institutes, quite
     naturally posed a series of infrastructure problems which even now are only
     partially solved. Both for practical and psychological reasons, the various
     components of each Institute should be physically grouped together as far as
     is possible and economically feasible, thereby strengthening their individual.
     identities.
                                                                                 21
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                           -18
                                                                   Table 1 - Financial Resources (in Mioecu)
                                                                        (all amounts are given in current values)
                                                             Central                                     Institute for               Institute               Institute
                                                                              Institute     Institute
                                                            Bureau for                                     Systems                      for       Safety        for
                                             Total JRC                           for           for                     Environment
                                                             Nuclear                                     Engineering                  Remote    Technology  Prospective
                                           contributions*                 Transuranium     Advanced                      Institute
                                                            Measure-                                         and                     Sensing     Institute Technological
                                                                             Elements      Materials
                                                              ments                                      Informatics               Applications               Studies
   Materials                                     65.34                                        65.34
   Working     Environment                       11 88                                                         4.95          4.95                    1 98
   Measurement and Testing                      89.10          62.37                                           8.91                                 17.82
   Environment                                 148.50                                                        11.88          66.82      36.63        33.17
   Fission                                     164.34                           60.39                        16.83                                 87.12
   Fusion                                       40.59                                         11 88          11.88                                  16.83
   Human Capital                                24.75           2.97             2.97           2.97           3.96           : 98      2.97         3.96       2.97
     Framework Programme Total**               544.50         65.34            63.36          80.19          58.41         73.75       39.60      160.88        2.97
   S&T Support for the Commission              190.00           4.00            2200          1400           39.00         47.00       37.00       18.00        9.00
   Contractual Work for
                                                68.00           3.00            10.00         12.00          12.00          10.00       4.00       15.00        2.00
   External Third Parties
                                 Total        802.50          72.34            95.36         106.19        109.41         130.75       80.60      193.88       13.97
  HFR Supplementary       Programme             69.00                                         69.00
                          Grand Total         871.50          72.34            95.36         175.19        109.41         130.75       80.60      193.88       13.97
         credits for exploratory research are included in these figures
         the figures for Framework Programme activities are given after subtraction of 1 % reserved
         for the centralised action of dissemenation and exploitation of research results
to
 ---pagebreak---                                                      19-
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
7.     The distribution of financial resources for the 1992-1994 Programme period
       are given in Table 1 (on the preceding page) for the Framework Programme,
       Support to the Commission and Contractual Work for External Third Parties.
       The fourth activity - Exploratory Research - will be funded, after approval by
       the Budgetary Authority, as follows:
       6% of the Framework Programme Resources
       3% of the Support t o the Commission Resources*
       3% of the Contractual Work for External Third Parties Resources* (outside
       HFR Supplementary Programme)
       Table 2 below provides a breakdown in percentages of the JRC activities in
        1992-1994 as compared w i t h the 1988-1991 period.
                                                  Table 2
                                                           1988-1991  1988-1991     1992-1994
                                                              Plan    Estimated
                                                             (1988)   outcome           Plan
       A.     Specific Research Programmes                       70.0      70.7            59
       B.     Contractual Work
       B.1    S/T Support to the Commission                      12.6       14.1           21
       B.2    Work for external public or                        13.7       12.4           15.5
               private bodies (including HFR
              supplementary programme)
       Total                                                     26.3       26.5           36.5
       C.      Exploratory Research                         up to 3.7        2.8            4.5
       Total                                                    100.0     100.0           100.0
        The evolution as proposed here corresponds t o a gradual transition towards
        a distribution in conformity w i t h the Base Scenario for JRC 2000 described in
        the first chapter of the present document (Section 29).
 HUMAN RESOURCES
 8.     During the period 1988-1991, the total authorised statutory staff for the JRC
        has been fixed at 2180 agents; this figure has been used for the staff table
        which is approved for each budgetary exercise. Such a figure constitutes a
        ceiling which has never been reached because it was agreed in 1988 to
        reserve a part of the statutory staff credits for financing visiting scientists,
        seconded national staff and grantholders; the amount set aside in this way
        corresponded t o the equivalent of financing about 100 statutory staff.
 9.     For the period 1992-1994, the situation will be different. Thanks to credits
        available within the JRC part of the Human Capital and Mobility
 * These t w o parts of the Exploratory Research Resources effectively represent incentives for the
    Institutes t o increase their activities under these headings.
                                                                                                    23
 ---pagebreak---                                                  -20-
      programme, young visiting researchers will be paid directly by the specific
      programme credits; it is foreseen that 200 of such young visiting researchers
      will be hosted annually at the JRC for the period 1992-1994.
10.   Senior Visiting Scientists and staff seconded from national organizations in
      the Member States will still be financed within the envelope of statutory
      staff credits. They are estimated at a total of 30 to 40 per year.
11.  Taking into account this new situation as well as the level of credits which
      can reasonably be devoted to staff expenditure within the total envelope of
      JRC resources, it is foreseen to reduce the level of authorized statutory staff
      to 2080 agents. Such a reduction responds to the wish of the European
      Parliament to see a decrease in the margin between the authorized ceiling
      and the effective level of staffing.
Early Retirement Measures
12.   Following the encouragement in 1988 by some Member States, the JRC
      examined w i t h the Board of Governors the need for a scheme for early
      retirements of JRC officials. Taking into account the age structure and t h e
      scientific-technical competences necessary for the development of the JRC, it
      was established that the scheme should allow for 30 departures in 1992, 25
      in 1993 and 20 in 1994 of officials more than 55 years old and having
      accomplished at least 15 years of service, with a profile taking into account
      the needs of the JRC and notably at the more senior levels. The Commission
      will present a separate proposal for this scheme.
DECISION MAKING AND CONSULTATIVE STRUCTURES
The JRC Board of Governors
13.   As part of the revitalisation of the JRC (COM(87)491 final/2), the Commission
       proposed to give the JRC Board of Governors a more influential rôle in the
      decision making process of the JRC. In particular, it is recognised that the
       responsibility f o r f o r m u l a t i n g and carrying o u t research a c t i v i t i e s
      corresponding to the objectives of the Framework Programme should be the
       province of the JRC and its Board of Governors. This proposal has been
       implemented by the Commission in June 1988 and the Board now plays a
       central rôle in JRC managerial decisions. The Commission has expressed its
      full appreciation of the Board's work and does not propose to make any
       changes to the current arrangements.
The Advisory      Committees for the Scientific Institutes
14.    Most of the JRC Institutes now possess operational Advisory Committees and
      t h e remaining ones will be established very shortly. The role of these
       Committees is to ensure, t h r o u g h their opinions, t h a t the w o r k of t h e
       Institutes is geared to the real requirements of their customers and users and
      t h a t a high scientific standard is maintained within the Institutes.
Contacts with other Bodies and Advisory Committees
15.    Consultation of the Economic and Social Committee is obligatory under both
       the EEC and Euratom Treaties.
                                                                                                 24
 ---pagebreak---                                    -21-
Under the EAEC Treaty, Euratom's Scientific and Technical Committee (STC)
will continue to be consulted on research programmes pursuant to the
Treaty. The STC will see that the themes selected for these programmes are
geared to the needs of the customer, who in this case is essentially the
Community at large. The Committee for Scientific and Technological
Research - CREST - will play its role of Adviser, both to the Commission and
the Council, in discussing the place of the JRC in the overall S & T policy of
the Community; it will also play a similar role to that of the STC for the
nuclear part, namely to ensure that the themes selected meet the customer's
(i.e. the Community) needs.
For the JRC's fusion activities, opinions will be obtained from the Fusion
Technology Steering Committee which covers all Community activities on
the subject.
Close coordination will be maintained with appropriate CGCs, CANs
(Committees of an Advisory Nature) or similar committees which will be
systematically provided with full information on JRC activities and results.
This will ensure, where necessary, coordination with shared-cost projects
and national activities in the same field.
For the HFR Supplementary Programme the existing ACPM (Advisory
Committee for Programme Management) will be continued.
                                                                               25
 ---pagebreak---            SLA- a.
        CHAPTER III
 PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL
RESOLUTION AND DECISIONS
                         26
 ---pagebreak---                                                  22
                                        COUNCIL RESOLUTION
                                             of
              concerning activities to be undertaken by the Joint Research Centre (JRC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Commission's communication entitled ... submitted to the Council on ...
Having regard to the Commission proposals concerning specific research and development
programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre for the implementation of the third
framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological
development (1990-1994).
Whereas, by its Resolution of 29 June 1988°' the Council defined the scope of activities to be
undertaken by the Joint Research Centre and indicated an estimation of the Centre's overall
expenditure for the period 1988-1991;
Whereas, a significant contribution by the Joint Research Centre to Community research and
technological development policy implies, in the long term, the redeployment of its fundamental
and applied research activities;
1.    REAFFIRMS the Community character of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and its role in
      achieving the Community's aim of strengthening the scientific and technological basis of
      European industry and encouraging it to become more competitive;
2.    CONSIDERS that the JRC is called to contribute to the implementation of the framework
      programme, particularly in those fields in which it can offer an impartial and independent
      expert opinion for the benefit of all Community policies.
3.    CONSIDERS that, with a view to contributing to the objective of the economic and social
      cohesion of the Community, the JRC should also develop practical and significant initiatives
      to reinforce collaboration with the research centres and laboratories of all Member States,
      thereby assuming the role of catalyst of European scientific integration;
4.    AFFIRMS that the JRC in its institutes, next to its task of executing specific research
      programmes including exploratory research, should have an increasing task, utilizing the
      facilities and manpower at its disposal, of strengthening and developing its work for other
      Commission Services and contractual work for external third parties in those areas, where it
      is competent to do so ;
 5.   URGES that during the 1992-1994 period the objectives of the JRC as well as its expenditure
      should be defined in conformity with the annex.
6.    INVITES the Commission to include appropriate information on all the aforementioned
      categories of activity in the annual implementation report which it is called upon to submit
      to the European Parliament and the Council.
 (1)   OJ No C 197. 27. 7. 1988, p 4.
                                                                                                  27
 ---pagebreak---                                                23
                                             ANNEX
                          Estimate of the Overall Expenditure of the JRC
                                          (1992 to 1994)
    Implementation of the framework programme                                     (in million Ecu)
    by means of specific research programmes and
    exploratory research:
            EEC research programmes                                               339.57
            EAEC research programmes                                              204.93
                                                                  Subtotal A      544.50(,)
    Contractual Work
            Scientific and technological support
            for the Commission                                                    190.0
            Work to be financed by external
            private or public bodies <*>                                          1370
                                                                  Subtotal B      327.0
                                                                  Total           871.5
(*)  Note: HFR = 69 million Ecu
(1)  An amount of Ecu 5.5 million, not included in the Ecu 544.5 million, is reserved for the
     centralized action of dissemination and exploitation provided for in Article 4 of the Council
     Decision of 23 April 1990 concerning the framework programme of Community activities in
     the field of research and technological development ( 1990 to 1994)
                                                                                                   28
 ---pagebreak---                                                    -24
                                             Proposal for a
                                            Council Decision
                                             of
                      adopting specific research programmes to be implemented
                                 by the Joint Research Centre for the
                            European Economic Community (1992 to 1994)
                                                (../.../EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular
Article 130q(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),
In cooperation w i t h the European Parliament' 2 ',
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee13',
Whereas by its Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC(4\ the Council adopted a third Framework
Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development
(1990-1994), specifying in particular the activities to be pursued concerning enabling technologies,
the management of natural resources and the management of intellectual resources; whereas this
Decision should be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the preamble to that Decision;
Whereas Article 130k of the Treaty stipulates that the Framework Programme is to be
implemented through specific programmes developed within each activity;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre, as set out in Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, is called on to
contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields in
which it can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community
policies;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in
the fields of industrial and materials technologies, measurement and testing, human capital and
mobility and in the field of the environment;
Whereas in particular these actions should benefit from the setting-up, within the JRC, of a centre
 for earth observation and of a European office for safety;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre with its laboratories and installations can provide an efficient
point of assembly for the training of young researchers;
Whereas in the context of these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the
economic and social impact as well as of any technological risks;
(1)     OJNoC
 (2)    OJNoC
 (3)    OJNoC
 (4)    OJ No L 117, 8 5 1990, p. 28.
                                                                                                     29
 ---pagebreak---                                                    25-
Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in p r o p o r t i o n to the
amount envisaged for each specific programme;
Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and t o encourage it
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious
development, while being consistent w i t h the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence;
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of
these objectives;
Whereas the Board of Governors of • * Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand
in the administrative ^aeration of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its
research programmes;
Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST) has been consulted,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
                                                Article 1
The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre
 for the European Economic Community in the fields of industrial and materials technology,
measurement and testing, environment as well as in the field of human capital and mobility, as
defined in Annex I, including exploratory research activities, are hereby adopted for a period
running from 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994.
                                                Article 2
 1      The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes a m o u n t t o
 339.57 million Ecu.
 2.    An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II.
 3      Should t h e Council take a decision pursuant t o Article 1, paragraph 4, o f Decision
90/221/Euratom, EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly.
                                                Article 3
 Detailed rules for the implementation of the programme are set out in Annex III.
                                                Article 4
 1      The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit to the European Parliament and
 the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.
 2.     This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter,
 may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate
 report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.
                                                                                                      30
 ---pagebreak---                                                    26
                                                Article S
1       Research carried out by the Joint Research Centre w i l l be evaluated by a g r o u p of
independent external experts set up by the Commission after consulting the board of governors.
A report on the subject shall be established at the end of the programmes.
2       The evaluation report, accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint
Research Centre, shall be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council.
                                                Article 6
The reports referred to in Articles 4 and 5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set
out in Annex I to this Decision and in accordance with Article 2 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom,
EEC.
                                                Article 7
 1      The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall be
responsible for carrying out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint
Research Centre in which is vested the responsibility for the formulation and execution of research
activities responding to the objectives of the Framework Programme.
2.      The Commission, in cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical
consultation with relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and
those of the Joint Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent
approach.
                                                Article 8
 The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.
                                                Art»c/e 9
 The Commission is authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 130n of the Treaty,
 international agreements with third country members of COST, in particular member countries of
 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern European Countries, with a
 view to associating them with all or part of the programmes.
                                                Article W
 This decision is addressed to the Member States.
 Done at
                                                                     For the Council
                                                                     The President
                                                                                                     31
 ---pagebreak---                                                        -27
                                                     ANNEX I
                                        Scientific and technical objectives
   The specific research programmes, executed for the EEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in
   the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying
   aims which it pursues.
   Paragraphs 2a and c, 3a, b and d and 6 of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral
   part of the present JRC multiannual programme.
   The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into
   account the above elements.
   I.    Enabling Technologies
         2.   industrial and Materials Technologies
                    The objective is to provide a contribution to the strengthening of European
                    industry and its working environment by extending its scientific base through
                   research and development work. Next to basic technological research, the
                   emphasis will be on the acquisition of the scientific and technical knowledge
                    needed in order to establish standards and codes of good practice facilitating the
                    transfer of technologies, and the harmonization of methods of measurement and
                    testing.
                   Working environment: this activity will be devoted to pre-normative research on
                   subjects such as toxicology and occupational health, occupational accident
                    research and risk prevention in collaboration with national research and with the
                    aim of assuring the transfer of new knowledge to Community and national
                    regulatory authorities.
                    Materials: Research will be oriented towards areas which all have a strong
                    prenormative dimension and represent important enabling technologies for a
                    whole range of advanced industrial applications. Projects have the objective of
                    helping to ensure that Community manufacturing industry has better access to a
                    range of cost-effective, well-characterized advanced materials and that these
                    materials are incorporated into high performance components. The activity also
                    provides a focal point for the exchange of information on prenormative research
                    on advanced materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will
                    be conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and
                     furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International standardisation
                    efforts in the vast field of new materials.
                    Measurement and testing: this centres around activities in both the nuclear and
                    non-nuclear field of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the
                    Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements. Research in the growing application of
                     these specialized techniques to non-nuclear areas will capitalize on existing
                    experimental facilities including the particle accelerators. The objective is to
                    ensure the availability of up to date methods and reference materials for industry,
                    standardisation bodies and national and Community authorities. A similar
                    objective will be the pursuit of specific prenormative research activities in the
                     fields of Reliability of Structures, notably oriented towards the building and
                    construction industries, in extensive collaboration with national research and
                     focussing both on theoretical models and exploitation of experimental facilities,
                     and on a lesser scale, in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic) centred around the
                     existing facilities for testing and measurement.                                   Q 9
5)
 ---pagebreak---                                                             28
il Management of Natural Resources
   3   Environment
            The objective is to provide a contribution to the scientific knowledge, technical
            know-how and data needed by the Community, in particular to carry out its role
           w i t h regard to the environment, as spelt out in Title VII of the EEC Treaty, and w i t h
            particular emphasis on prenormative work.
            Protection of the environment: prenormative research on atmospheric chemistry,
            m o d e l l i n g of air p o l l u t i o n t r a n s p o r t , research on b i o s p h e r e - a t m o s p h e r e
            interaction, notably as a contribution to the global change programmes, in
            collaboration w i t h national research. Development of techniques and systems to
            protect and rehabilitate the natural environment, w i t h emphasis on engineering
            and techniques for monitoring the environment, and research on treatment of
            toxic waste, of contaminated soils and of waste water
            Acquisition, validation, storage of data relevant to the above research, and
            making such data available to public and private bodies.
            Applications of remote sensing: research, w i t h development of techniques f o r
            applications of data derived from earth observation satellites, on environmental
            mapping and monitoring, particularly of less favoured areas of the Community.
            Application of similar techniques as a contribution t o global change programmes
            w i t h emphasis on the monitoring of marine environment and on processes related
            to large scale changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Development of a series of
            advanced techniques, their technologies and engineering, for use in connection
            w i t h the exploitation of new earth observation systems, including microwave
            remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and data processing
            The research on environmental technologies and engineering will underpin the
            contribution to the European Environment Agency w i t h development of new
            instruments and t r i a l techniques, t o t h e h a r m o n i z a t i o n o f m e t h o d s o f
            measurement and to intercalibration.
            The research and application of remote sensing techniques will be performed in
            collaboration w i t h national research and users, and in collaboration w i t h the
             European Space Agency.
            The above-described data-oriented activities will be concentrated around a Centre
             for Earth Observation to be established in harmony w i t h the European Space
            Agency and national organisations w i t h the aim of providing adequate and timely
             i n f o r m a t i o n on the state of the environment. The preparatory phases and
             p r o t o t y p e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n for this Centre are included in t h e 1992-1994
             programme period
             Industrial hazards: prenormative research on reliability of systems and on studies
             of the assessment and management of technological risks, including use of
             experimental facilities for assessing such risks and investigating accidents. This will
             include the development of decision support systems for plant safety, plant
             emergency management and territorial risk management. In order t o accelerate
             the interaction w i t h national research and facilitate the transfer of knowledge t o
             industry and national and Community authorities, there will be established, w i t h i n
             the JRC, a European Office for Safety acting initially t h r o u g h three executive
             centres for accident analysis, accident management and structural integrity, t h e
             latter w i l l also draw upon the research performed under measurement and
             testing.
                                                                                                                          vo
 ---pagebreak---                                              29
6. Human Capital and Mobility
       The objective is to provide a particular contribution to help increase the human
      capital in terms of research and technological development, which the Members
      States will be needing for the next decade, and to focus on the interaction and
      collaboration between national teams and laboratories in all Member States and
       the JRC.
       Actions will be chiefly aimed at training young researchers embarking on careers
       in research and t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t by o f f e r i n g t h e m t e m p o r a r y
       attachment to the JRC institutes and embedding them in research teams w o r k i n g
       in collaboration w i t h national teams and laboratories in all Member States on
       projects both of a theoretical nature or on the utilization of existing or new
       experimental facilities. A particular emphasis will be paid to the mobility between
       the national teams and laboratories and the JRC institutes w i t h concertation on
       the choice of joint projects w i t h i n the area of research of the national teams and
       laboratories and the JRC and a j o i n t selection mechanism for the y o u n g
       researchers to benefit from the scheme.
       While encompassing collaboration w i t h all Member States, account must be taken
       of demographic factors and of the research and training structures peculiar t o the
       various States, t o help each of them to acquire the best possible capabilities.
                                                                                                                    34
 ---pagebreak---                                                  30
                                              ANNEX II
               Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with indicative
                        breakdown of expenditures for the period 1992-1994
I.    ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
      2    Industrial and Materials Technologies
                 Industrial and materials technologies                          77.22 million Ecu'"
                 Measurement and Testing                                        89.10 million Ecu11'
 II   MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
      3     Environment
                 Environment                                                   148.50 million Ecu0'
 III- MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES
      6    Human Capital and Mobility
                 Human Capital and Mobility                                     24.75 million Ecu0'
                                                              TOTAL           339.57 million Ecu<2'
 (1)   An amount equivalent to 6% of these amounts may be used for exploratory research.
 (2)  An amount of 3.43 million Ecu not included in the 339.57 million Ecu is reserved, as a
      contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action
      on dissemination and exploitation of results.
                                                                                                35
 ---pagebreak---                                                 31-
                                             ANNEXIII
                    Rules for implementing the programmes and activities
                        for dissemination and exploitation of the results
   The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall
   implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and
   content described in Annex I.
   The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and
   technological development projects and accompanying measures.
   The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in
   the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre).
    The institutes of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in
    proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States.
    Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and
    medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way,
   research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements
   with the European Community in accordance with Article 130n of the Treaty, may also
   collaborate on the projects.
4.  The accompanying measures shall include:
           the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences;
           the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular
           internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common
           interface to the users of and partners in the projects;
           the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity;
           a system for information exchange;
           the promotion of the exploitation of the research results
           the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the
           projects and the programmes.
5   The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be
    done on the one hand by the programmes themselves, and on the other hand by the
    centralized action as described in Artid 4, paragraph 3 of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC.
                                                                                                36
 ---pagebreak---                                                     -32-
                                             Proposal for a
                                            Council Decision
                                              of
                     adopting specific research programmes to be implemented
                                 by the Joint Research Centre for the
                        European Atomic Energy Community (1992 to 1994)
                                             (.../.../Euratom)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in
particular Article 7 thereof,
Having regard to*the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific
and Technical Committee 11 ',
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament12',
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee 13 ',
Whereas by its Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC'4', the Council a d o p t e d a t h i r d F r a m e w o r k
Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development
(1990-1994), specifying in particular the activities to be pursued concerning the management of
natural resources; whereas this Decision should be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the
preamble to that Decision;
Whereas, for activities falling under the EAEC Treaty, Article 2 of the Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC
provides for the implementation of the third Framework Programme t h r o u g h programmes
adopted in accordance w i t h Article 7 of the said Treaty;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre, as set out in Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, is called on to
contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields in
which it can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community
policies;
Whereas the Joint Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in
the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and controlled thermonuclear fusion, especially
concerning prenormative aspects;
Whereas in the context of these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the
economic and social impact as well as of any technological risks;
Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in p r o p o r t i o n t o the
amount envisaged for each specific programme;
(1)     OJNoC
 (2)    OJNoC
 (3)    OJNoC
 (4)   OJ No L 117, 8. 5 1990, p. 28.
                                                                                                        37
 ---pagebreak---                                                     33
Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and t o encourage it
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious
development, while being consistent w i t h the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence;
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of
these objectives;
Whereas the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand
in the administrative operation of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its
research programmes;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
                                                 Article 1
The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre
 for the European Atomic Energy Community in the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and
controlled nuclear fission, especially concerning prenormative aspects, as defined in Annex I,
including exploratory research activities, are hereby a d o p t e d for a p e r i o d r u n n i n g f r o m
 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994.
                                                 Art/c/e2
 1      The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes a m o u n t t o
 ECU 204 93 million.
 2      An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II.
 3      Should the Council take a decision pursuant to Article 1 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom,
 EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly.
                                                 Article 3
 Detailed rules for the implementation of the programmes are set out in Annex III.
                                                 Article 4
 1      The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit t o the European Parliament and
 the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.
 2.     This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter
 may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate
 report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.
                                                  Article 5
 1.     Research carried out by the Joint Research Centre w i l l be evaluated by a g r o u p of
 independent external experts set up by the Commission after consulting the board of governors.
 A report on the subject shall be established at the end of the programmes.
                                                                                                            38
 ---pagebreak---                                                  34
2       The evaluation report, accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint
Research Centre, shall be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council.
                                              Article 6
The reports referred to in Articles 4 and 5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set
out in Annex I to this Decision and in accordance with Article 2 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom,
EEC.
                                               Art;c7e 7
 1      The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall be
responsible for carrying out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint
Research Centre in which is vested the responsibility for the formulation and execution of research
activities responding to objectives of the Framework Programme.
 2      The Commission, in cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical
consultation with relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and
those of the Joint Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent
approach.
                                               Article 8
 The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.
                                               Article 9
 The Commission is authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 101, second indent of the
 Treaty, international agreements, notably with third country members of COST, especially
 member countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern
 European Countries, with a view to associating them with all or part of the programmes.
                                              Article 10
 This decision is addressed to the Member States.
 Done at
                                                                   for the Council
                                                                    The President
                                                                                                     39
 ---pagebreak---                                                  -35-
                                               ANNEX
                                  Scientific and technical objectives
The specific research programmes, executed for the EAEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in
the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying
aims which it pursues.
Paragraphs 5b and 5c of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral part of the
present JRC multiannual programme.
The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into
account the above elements.
II   Management of Natural Resources
     5      Energy
                 Nuclear Fission Safety: the aim is to support Member States in the fulfilment of
                 their responsibilities for regulating and protecting the environment and
                 responding to Treaty obligations. The particular work underlining t h e
                 prenormative dimension will contribute to the enhancement of scientific and
                 technical knowledge related to reactor safety by the conduction of accident
                 prevention research and severe accident studies, participating in the development
                 of risk assessment methods and techniques and concentrating on the study of
                 phenomena by using an existing JRC experimental installation and by sharing a
                 national research facility. In the area of safeguards and fissile materials
                 management, the research conducted in networks of national laboratories
                 underpins and aims at the provision of timely results or new techniques essential
                 for fulfilling Treaty obligations for safeguards, as well as those of the Non-
                 Proliferation Treaty. Work will include nuclear materials measurements,
                 containment and surveillance techniques and the integration of safeguards
                 measures. JRC objectives in the area of radioactive waste management are to
                 support the present strategy of the Member States, aiming at the disposal of
                 radioactive waste in geological formations and to carry out research on
                 management strategies which may lead to a diminution of waste arising from
                 future fuel cycle installations. Research conducted in collaboration with national
                 laboratories will benefit from existing and newly constructed experimental
                 facilities.
                 Activities in the nuclear fuel cycle safety area will focus on safety studies
                 concerning nuclear fuel behaviour, basic studies on actinides, study of nuclear
                 aerosols, together with the mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived
                 radioactive nuclides in the nuclear fuel cycle.
                 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion: this activity is intended to improve the
                 knowledge base and technology of safety and environr >ntal aspects of future
                  fusion machines for the European Fusion Programme. Tr -nain part of the work
                 will be in support to the Next Step (NET/ITER). An im rtant feature of this
                 programme will be the operation of the ETHEL Laboratory for the experimental
                 study of the safe management of tritium. Other support to the Next Step will
                 encompass design and development in specific technological areas such as remote
                  handling of in-vessel components, plasma-facing components tests, data base for '
                  structural materials properties and nuclear data. Long term actions will include
                  low activation materials research.
                                                                                                    40
 ---pagebreak---                                                36
                                            ANNEX II
                Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes w i t h indicative
                        breakdown of expenditure for the period 1992*1994
II.  MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
     5    Energy
                 Nuclear Fission Safety                                       164.34 million Ecu'1'
                 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion                               40.59 million Ecu 0 '
                                                          TOTAL               204.93 million Ecu'2»
 (1) A n a m o u n t equivalent t o 6% of these amounts deemed necessary may be used f o r
     exploratory research.
 (2) A n amount of Ecu 2 07 million not included in the Ecu 204.93 m i l l i o n is reserved, as a
     contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action
     on dissemination and exploitation of results.
                                                                                                     41
 ---pagebreak---                                                37-
                                            ANNEX III
                   Rules for implementing the programmes and activities
                       for dissemination and exploitation of the results
1. The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall
   implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and
   content described in Annex I.
2. The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and
   technological development projects and accompanying measures.
   The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in
   the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre).
   The Institutes of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in
   proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States.
   Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and
   medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way,
   research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements
   or contracts with the European Community in accordance with Article 101, may also
   collaborate on the projects.
4. The accompanying measures shall include:
          the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences;
          the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular
          internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common
          interface to the users of and partners in the projects;
          the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity;
          a system for information exchange;
          the promotion of the exploitation of the research results
          the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the
          projects and the programmes.
5.  The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be
    done on the one hand by the programmes themselves, and on the other hand by the
    centralized action as described in Article 4 (3) of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC.
                                                                                            42
 ---pagebreak---                                                      38-
                                            Proposal for a
                                         COUNCIL DECISION
                                             of
                adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented
                                by the Joint Research Centre for the
                               European Atomic Energy Community
                                            (.../.../Euratom)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in
particular Article 7 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific
and Technical Committee 1 ",
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament' 2 ',
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee' 1 ',
Whereas, in the context of the common policy relating to the field of science and technology, the
research programme is one of the principal means whereby the European Atomic Energy
Community can contribute to the safe use of nuclear energy and to the a c q u i s i t i o n and
dissemination of information in this field,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
                                                 Article 1
The supplementary programme on the operation of the HFR (high flux) research reactor,
hereinafter referred to as 'the programme', of which the objectives are given in Annex I, is hereby
adopted for a period of four years, starting on 1 January 1992.
                                                  Article 2
The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programme amount to 79.0 million ECU.
An indicative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II.
                                                  Article 3
The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) shall be
responsible for carrying out the programme and, to this end, shall call upon the services o f t h e JRC.
(1)     OJNoC
(2)    OJNoC
(3)    OJNoC                                                                                     mn
 ---pagebreak---                                                  39
                                              Article 4
The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.
                                              Article 5
1     The Commission shall each year, before 31 March, submit to the European Parliament and
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.
2     This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The board
of governors may also submit through the Commission t o the European Parliament and the
Council a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.
                                              Article 6
This Decision is addressed to the Member States.
Done at
                                                                 For the Council
                                                                  The President
                                                                                             44
 ---pagebreak---                                                   -40-
                                                ANNEX
                                   Scientific and technical objectives
The principal objectives of the programme are:
       The safe operation of the HFR (High Flux Reactor) in Petten. This comprises routine
       operation of the facility for more than 250 days/year, fuel cycle management and safety and
       quality management.
       Efficient utilization of the reactor in a wide scope of topical sectors: irradiation testing of
       materials for fission reactors, as well as for future thermonuclear fusion reactors, neutron
       applications to solid state physics and materials sciences investigations, radioisotope
       production and related activities, neutron radiography as a non-destructive testing method,
       and treatment of certain types of cancer with neutrons (BORON Neutron Capture Therapy)
       and related research
                                                                                                   45
 ---pagebreak---                                               -41
                                             ANNEX II
                           Indicative breakdown of resources for the HFR
The resources to be contributed to the supplementary programme are broken down as follows:
                     Federal Republic of Germany:                        50%
                     Netherlands:                                        50%
Other resources are provided for, in addition to the supplementary programme, either under the
heading of work carried out as part of the JRC specific programmes or under the heading of
contractual work.
The indicative breakdown is as follows:
       Supplementary programme:
       (a)    Exploitation of reactor
                     Federal Republic of Germany:                        34.5 million Ecu
                     Netherlands:                                        34.5 million Ecu
       (b)    Preparation of experiments (studies, rigs, etc.):
                     Federal Republic of Germany:                         10.0 million Ecu
                     Netherlands:                                                           p.m.'1'
                                                   Total appropriations  79.0 million Ecu + p.m.
       JRC specific programmes and contractual                                               p.m.
        work for external third parties
(1)    Work to be carried out directly by the Netherlands, the equivalent of such work valued by
        the Commission at Ecu 10.0 million.                                                         tj^ {ry
 ---pagebreak---         TECHNICAL ANNEX
   SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL
                 WORK
This work is presented Institute by Institute,
                                               47
 ---pagebreak---                                                 1-
            CENTRAL BUREAU FOR NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS (CBNM)
    /.   OBJECTIVES
    The activities of the Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements (CBNM) are
    dedicated to the promotion of European standards, reference data and materials
    needed by users in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. In the nuclear field, the
    activities continue to fulfil the obligations laid down in the EURATOM Treaty and
    to meet the necessity to maintain in and for Europe an independent, specialized
    institute for prenormative research on nuclear measurements.
    During the years the Institute has evolved into a high-standing laboratory known
    worldwide for its concept of the search for the true value with the highest
    accuracy possibly attainable with reasonable efforts.
    //.    1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
    The Institute's activities will be pursued in the following fields:
           preparation, characterisation, certification of samples e.g. bulk samples for
           targets of elements, alloys, compounds as reference materials for nuclear
           and other industries or thin layers as reference samples for electronic and
           chemical industry, or special reference biological materials for trace metal
           analysis;
           long-lived or stable isotope Mass Spectrometry, in particular for the
           development and application of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS)
           e.g. for improved analysis in different parts of the nuclear fuel cycle or, for
           accurate isotope composition or ratio measurement in the frame of atomic
           weight determination (National Institute of Standards and Technology
           (NIST), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), International Union of
           Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC));
           nuclear data measurements and evaluation applying the high energy
           resolution neutron sources available (Linear Accelerator (LINAC), 7 MeV Van
           de Graaf (VdG) e.g. fission, fusion and standard application neutron reaction
           cross-sections, upon request from national or international organisations
           (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Organization for Economic
           Cooperation and Development (OECD), International Atomic Energy Agency
           (IAEA), EC Task Force for "European Fusion File");
           radionuclide metrology e.g. for intercomparisons upon request from
           international bodies (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM),
           International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM)) or for
           application in non-destructive testing of conditioned waste;
           applied radiation techniques adapted to the existing accelerators e.g. for
           using neutron and particle beams for irradiation/radiation damage studies
           of biological/semiconductor materials and for microbeam analysis of
           surfaces and reference aerosol filters;
            new and non-nuclear activities are expected to further develop in the fields
            of chemical analysis with improved accuracy due in part to the convincing
            potential of isotope specific methods like mass spectrometry, of microbeam
            analysis of surfaces or thin layers and, in particular, in the field of
                                                                                           48
(7)
 ---pagebreak---                                           2-
      applications of the linear accelerator for transition or channelling radiation.
      Indeed the installation of a multipurpose equipment to generate X-rays with
      strongly enhanced intensity in the few keV region by transition radiation,
      and the production of hard X-rays in the 100 to 300 keV region with the
      intensity concentrated in a few discrete lines, would open up a large
      potential of applications, that are currently under investigation at
      synchrotron light sources (such as photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray
      lithography, EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, etc.).
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
CBNM's work falls under the Framework Programme line "Measurements and
Testing". The programme is executed under the heading "Reference Materials
and Reference Methods" to be broken down into the two projects "Nuclear and
Non-Nuclear Reference Materials" and "Nuclear Measurements and Reference
Methods".
Reference Materials and Reference Methods
The activities backed by the existing and modernized large facilities on site
(LINAC, VdG, clean lab, mass spectrometers, computer) are of importance for the
international scientific/technical research communities relying upon accurate
data, reliable measuring methods and basic reference data, materials and
methodologies.
For fission technology, requests are related to data evaluation (Joint European
File (JEF)) or to experimental verification of fission cross sections, of inelastic
neutron scattering cross sections and of resonance parameters of structural
materials (Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee for Reactor Physics
(NEACRP)/Nuclear Energy Agency s Nuclear Data Committee (NEANDC)). For
fusion technology, important improvements are aimed at neutron data on tritium
breeding, nuclear heating, activation and radiation damage. These items are
requested by the EC Task Force on Neutronics for developing the European Fusion
File (EFF) to serve the Next European Torus (NET). The International Thermal
Experimental Reactor (ITER) project in a worldwide frame (EC, Japan, USA, USSR)
coordinated by the IAEA will enhance future fusion data needs. Radionuclide
metrology is dedicated to the knowledge of decay scheme data, special standards
and the improvement in the application of methodologies.
The availability of high quality nuclear Reference Materials (RMs) to the
international scientific research community, industry and safeguards' authorities
will be guaranteed. RMs for Non Destructive Assay (NDA), solid spike RMs and
reactor neutron dosimetry materials need refined preparation and to undergo
characterization and certification procedures. The p r e p a r a t i o n and
characterization of special nuclear targets and samples for the nuclear data
research activities will be pursued.
In the non-nuclear field, the determination of atomic weights will be aiming at an
ultimate accuracy. The new clean-laboratory facility will be concerned with the
development and application of isotope specific analytical methods and involved
in trace element determinations in complex matrices. Particle Induced X-Ray
Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy, IDMS and special micro and trace element
determination methods will find appropriate medical/biological research
applications. The PIXE microbeam technique will be used in connection with
environmental/occupational health problems.
CBNM, in addition to its work on nuclear data and nuclear reference materials
and methods, also will contribute to research, development and certification
                                                                                      49
 ---pagebreak---                                            3-
work of non-nuclear reference materials and standards f o r more general
application in industry. This is done partly on reauest of the C o m m u n i t y
Reference Bureau (BCR). Other work to be executed on behalf of BCR is the
organization and the management of " r o u n d r o b i n " tests and the storage,
conditioning, bookkeeping and distribution of various kinds of reference samples.
Human Capital and       Mobility
CBNM has developed into an world-wide acknowledged centre of excellence in
the field of high accuracy measurements that attracted senior scientists f r o m
many countries and enabled young scientists to be trained by research on
increasingly non-nuclear subjects.
Particular attention will be devoted to the exploration of the potential of the
high performance linear electron accelerator (LIN£C) for the training of young
scientists in the development and application of transition or c h a n n e l l i n g
radiation and to establishing a cooperation network that started already w i t h
research groups in Orsay and Lyon and is expected to be extended to research
teams and laboratories in other Member countries as well.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
Support activities will be ongoing in the areas of safeguarding (DG I: IAEA and
 DGXVII: European Commission's Safeguards Analytical Measurements (ECSAM))
and of innovation transfer (DG XIII).
Special aspects of the described activities are:
       the response to international requests and needs;
       the reference character and
       the possible use in support to quality control schemes.
 In general, on the basis of its activities, the Institute supports t h e overall
 harmonization policy of the Commission for the realization and the consolidation
 of the internal European common market starting in 1992.
 CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
The efforts to open a market for products based on CBNM expertise (reference
 data and materials) will further be developed despite t h e expectation of
 organizations in the Member States to receive data and reference materials
 (almost) free of charge in recognition of their countries' contributions t o the
 Framework Programme.
 In addition to the sale of nuclear reference materials for analytical measurement
 in the fuel cycle and the supply of various tailor-made samples and target, there is
 an increasing number of requests for the preparation and characterization of
 non-nuclear samples, e.g. trace analysis in inorganic or organic matrices.
 Applied radionuclide metrology is increasingly used , e.g. for solving problems of
 radioactive waste management or for the determination of reactor neutron
 fluences.
 Utilisation of accelerator radiation ("selling beam t i m e " ) f o r customers is
 becoming increasingly i m p o r t a n t by irradiating biological or new (semi-
                                                                                      50
 ---pagebreak---                                          -4
conductor) materials in well defined particle beams. Conventional and micro
techniques for surface analysis are offered to industry and research institutes.
Training courses on CBNM specific subjects (i.e. isotope mass spectrometry,
application of reference materials, quality control, metrology and data
evaluation) are considered to further promote in Europe and worldwide the
awareness of the necessity of using common reference data and materials.
                                                                                 51
 ---pagebreak---                INSTITUTE FOR TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS (ITU)
/.     OBJECTIVES
Thanks to its highly specialized installations, to the expertise of its staff and t o the
fact that it is in possession of one of the rare licences to handle large amounts of
radioactive materials, the Institute for Transuranium Elements has a well defined
mission and can be considered as a model case for community research. Its
technological research programmes deal principally with nuclear safety matters
(safety of nuclear fuels, characterisation of radioactive waste, nuclear safeguards
and management of fissionable materials, safety of handling nuclear materials).
It collaborates closely with a large number of academic and industrial research
establishments in Europe and overseas and performs contractual research for
industry and services to the Commission services.
The Institute for Transuranium Elements will continue to be one of the f e w
centres in the world where general knowledge on the chemical and physical
properties of the transuranium elements, their toxicity, their environmental
effects and the measures to bring the latter under control, as well as on their
technical applications, is systematically collected by specialists in the field and
kept readily available for broad use by the scientific and technological world.
//.     1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
The Specific Research Programme of the Institute for Transuranium Elements will
remain entirely nuclear-safety oriented. It will concentrate on the Safety of
Actinides     in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, the name of its 1992-1994 Specific
 Programme.
While fuel development work for advanced power reactors will be decreased to a
 minimum level (compatible with the need to maintain competence in the field)
and studies of certain aspects of reprocessing will come to an end, investigations
in the field of nuclear waste management will gain considerably in importance,
w i t h an accent on the characterisation of unprocessed spent fuel waste forms.
Fuel pin codes developed in the past years at the Institute will be applied to a
wide range of scenarios, and theoretical and experimental studies on the fission
product inventory (source term) and on release mechanisms will be stepped up,
 partly in conjunction w i t h the international PHEBUS PF project. The effect of high
 burn-up on the life expectancy of a fuel pin is of large interest and requires
extensive studies, especially on the evolution of fuel chemistry at increased Durn-
 up (High Burn-Up Chemistry).
Studies to improve and automate destructive analytical techniques for safeguards
work will be stepped-up and an intensified effort applied to the adaptation of
existing methods to non-destructive analysis of spent fuel for fissile material
accounting purposes.
Taking into account the ever increasing amounts of transuranium elements which
 have to be dealt with year by year, the study of their basic physical and chemical
 properties, their radio-toxic p o t e n t i a l , their possible interaction w i t h t h e
 environment, represents an important aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle and must
 be further elucidated.
                                                                                     52
 ---pagebreak--- Basic actinide research, as it has been carried out successfully at the Institute over
the last twenty years, provides an important contribution to world knowledge on
the subject and will be maintained.
Some key elements of the ITU programme will be:
      Study of structural phenomena affecting in-pile performance and life-time
      of fuel in a reactor; Measurement of thermocnemical and thermophysical
       parameters of irradiated fuel materials;
      Studies of methods of aerosol abatement and of size-dependent transport
       of radioactive aerosols in ducts and chimneys;
       Experiments to recover minor actinides from specially prepared fuel
       samples; Improvement of the efficiency of lanthanide/actinide separation
       processes; Improvements in the determination of cross sections for actinide
       transmutation;
       Quality control of waste forms as a function of fabrication parameters;
       Further development and improvement of destructive and non-destructive
       techniques for the determination of radionuclides in waste forms; Extension
       of analytical techniques to "exotic" waste forms; Development of
       tomographic methods for waste form characterisation; Organisation and
       participation in Community exercises for evaluating non-destructive
       techniques to be applied to studies of the behaviour of radionuclides in
       waste forms;
       Setting up of an intelligent data base for predicting the chemical and
       physical properties of hitherto unknown actinide compounds in order to
        "tailor" them to the needs of applications and fundamental research;
       Research with actinide compounds in the fields of soft and hard magnets,
       superconductors, heavy fermions, large Kerr effect compounds, metallic
       glasses; Increased use of synchrotron radiation from European and US
       sources for electronic and structural investigations of actinides and actinide
       compounds; Extension of high-pressure studies with actinides into the
        "virgin" range of 1 to 2 Mbar;
       Melting of ceramics or glasses by heating under lévitation in an acoustic
       field.
 For the efficient implementation of the Institute's activities set out above, it is
 intended to install a dedicated facility for handling the heavier actinide elements
 (Americium Labs).
 The Institute will continue to substantially contribute to the programme on
 Radioactive Waste Management with studies on the characterisation of vitrified
 high-level waste forms and of non-processed spent fuel.
 Efforts will continue to improve destructive techniques for safeguards analysis in
 the frame c the programme on Safeguards and Fissile Materials Managements.
 Human Cachai and Mobility
 Due to its unique facilities for handling radioactive materials and an established
 cooperation with a large number of academic institutions in Europe and overseas,
 The Institute is in an excellent position to contribute to the Human Capital and
 Mobility programme by offering, as in the past, training opportunities to young
 scientists in the fields of nuclear safety and in areas related to the chemistry, the
 physical chemistry and the solid state physics of actinides.
                                                                                       K3
 ---pagebreak---                                         -7-
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
The Institute will continue to provide assistance to DG XVII Safeguards Directorate
by analysing nuclear material samples for safeguards measures taken in various
European nuclear installations, both at the Institute laboratories and on-site (at
Cap de la Hague and Sellafield). The International Atomic Energy w i l l be
supported - as requested by DG I - in their efforts to refine, automate, and field-
test analytical equipment for safeguards activities on an international scale.
In collaboration with DG XIII, the Institute will be active in the exploitation of
research results by transferring certain equipment and techniques developed at
the ITU for laboratory use (such as a multi-colour pyrometer or an ultrasonic
device for aerosol scavenging) to industry for commercial exploitation.
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
Besides performing research in specific areas defined in t h e Commission's
multiannual Framework Programme, the facilities of the Institute and its licence
for handling major amounts of highly radio-toxic materials will continue t o
attract national safety authorities, the radio-pharmaceutical industry, and
institutions and industries concerned w i t h ecological problems, as potential
customers to carry out work ranging from the preparation of actinide compounds
and radio-isotopes for medical applications to the post-irradiation analysis of
nuclear fuel pins.
                                                                               54
 ---pagebreak---                                                 8
                INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS (1AM)
/.   OBJECTIVES
It is being increasingly recognised that advanced materials constitute a broad,
enabling technology, which allows the more effective operation of machines and
structures of modern industrial society and stimulates t h e i n n o v a t i o n and
successful exploitation of other technologies.
Although the widespread perception of the importance of industrial materials is
expressed today in work in Member States, the effort on advanced materials
within the Joint Research Centre provides additionality through the European
dimension and neutrality of the JRC and the opportunity to contribute to
 European cohesion through training and exploitation of unique installations and
specialisms.
The aims of the Institute for Advanced Materials are to contribute to enhancing
the industrial competitivity and safety of components, structures and engines
 relevant mainly to the Energy, Transport, Environment and Manufacturing
sectors, through advances in the understanding of the basic properties, t h e
 processability and engineering performance of materials.
The Institute will carry o u t its tasks mainly w i t h i n the explicit aims of t h e
 Framework Programme, w i t h a significant contribution to scientific and technical
 work in Support to the Commission as well as through industrial contractual work
 with external third parties.
 //.   1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
 SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
 Under t h e F r a m e w o r k P r o g r a m m e h e a d i n g "Industrial and Materials
 Technologies", the research will be oriented towards the following areas which
 derive from an extensive forward planning exercise, which have considerable
 potential for enhancing European technological awareness, which require sound
 basic scientific input, technological applications as well as a testing and pre-
 normative focus:
 Alloys and   Intermetallics:
 Improvement in performance of alloys and intermetallics in extreme operational
 conditions as well as under interactive conditions of corrosive degradation, creep
 and fatigue deformation; emphasis on prenormative features. The action should
 stimulate a wider awareness of the potential of new classes of intermetallic
 materials for future engineering application; to help steer the newly formed
 European Grou       -* Structural Intermetallics and to plan together w i t h DG XII to
 launch a Conce        Action in this field.
 Ceramics and Composites:
 Improvement in performance of structural ceramics and composites in simulated
 industrial environments; emphasis on pre-normative features and suitable test'
 methodologies. A continuous ceramics fibres initiative should encourage the
 development and application of long, thin ceramic fibres as a reinforcement for
 ceramic and metal matrix composites; to build up this initiative together w i t h the
                                                                                         55
 ---pagebreak---                                          -9
Experts Group and DG XII with the aim of completing a future market study; to
define and give birth to a new EUREKA project as a prelude to the setting up in
industry of a manufacturing capability.
Coatings and Processes:
Development, testing and diagnostics of protective coating techniques and
products. Development of new manufacturing techniques for ceramic materials
and components.
Operation of joint venture on Advanced Coatings with a Dutch national
laboratory (ECN).
Surface Modification Technology:
Improvement in materials properties - wear, corrosion, fatigue resistance -
through modification of surface state using ion implantation and laser beam
 mixing.
 New Functional Materials:
 Innovation and testing of functional materials for environmental gas sensors and
for optical and photovoltaic properties.
 Non Destructive       and Evaluation  Techniques of Advanced       Materials   and
 Components:
 Development of new non-intrusive evaluation techniques for ceramics,
 composites and thin films. Validation of NDE techniques used in the inspection of
 industrial critical facilities.
 Life Prediction and Reliability Technology:
 Life prediction modelling and life extension treatments on alloys and ceramics.
 Information and Data Management:
 Development of Materials Databanks, appropriate to materials processing.
 Training Workshops on advanced materials and initiating specific initiatives on
 pre-normative research where the objective is to establish a European focal point
 for the exchange of information and to encourage discussion between experts
 from all sectors.of pre-normative research and development in materials, and to
 provide an environment suitable for the training of young scientists interested in
 careers in materials-related standards and their background.
 In the field of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion of the Framework Programme,
 the Institute intends to contribute through research along the following lines:
  Support to the Next Step Design:
  Plasma facing components - thermal fatigue: irradiation testing in HFR,
  experiments in the Cyclotron; elaboration of a databank on austenitic steels;
  Long Term Technical Developments:
  Low Activation Materials: to evolve along the lines of SiC composites; to consider
  chromium and vanadium and related metallurgical problems; to test potential of
  intermetallics;
                                                                              56
 ---pagebreak---                                            10-
Human Capital and Mobility
The Institute has a long tradition of postgraduate training with success in the
preparation of PhD's and has developed a network of European academic
contacts. The intention is to maintain this important activity, and to expand upon
it in the above fields of expertise, as well as in the use of large facilities. In
particular, one will aim to provide an environment suitable for the training of
young scientists interested in careers in materials-related measurement and
standards.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
The Institute activities in Scientific and Technological Support for the Commission
are aimed to support the development of the European industrial standards base
through pre-normative scientific and technical activities. The following describes
the fields for which there exists a demand from Commission Directorates General :
Information and Data Management:
Support to strategic initiatives and valorisation in Scientific and Technical
Information Management; initiatives and management of pre-normative
 research and systems development on computerised materials data and
 knowledge bases in engineering materials (DG XIII);
Initiatives on Standards for Ceramics and Composites:
Support to and setting up external networks for pre-normative R & D in advanced
ceramics, composites and other materials as a prelude to CEN/CENELEC
standardisation (DG III). Evaluation of degradation mechanisms in catalyst
 carriers; development of performance inspection procedures in support of
 Community directives (DG VII; DG XI);
 Development of Codes for Nuclear Components:
 Extend the PISC exercise to the non-destructive evaluation of aged components in
 long serving nuclear installations: verification of NDE procedures for inspection
 and development of safety related codes and standards for large critical industrial
 installations (DG III and DG XVII).
 Standardisation of Radiopharmaceuticals:
 Standardisation of radiopharmaceuticals in support of Council directives
 concerning radio protection of medical staff and patients (DG XI).
 CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
 The Institute's High Flux Reactor is recognised as one of Europe's foremost multi-
 purpose materials research reactors and it is intended to continue to contribute to
 the European research effort through:
       Supplementary Programme in support of the Dutch and German S & T
       strategies with work on materials and fuel aspects of fission reactors and
       thermonuclear fusion;
       The development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy as a technique for
       treating certain forms of cancer, in cooperation with the Commission
                                                                                57
 ---pagebreak---                                         -11
      concerted action on this subject, carried out with the participation of most
      Member States;
      Application of neutron scattering as a diagnostic technique for materials
      investigations;
      Contractual work for external third parties, for example radio-isotope
      production, neutron radiography and silicon doping.
Since the introduction of contractual work for external third parties, the Institute
has already attracted a good number of contracts, both in connection with
materials technologies and also the exploitation of large facilities. The cultural
transformation has taken root in the Institute and contractual work for external
third parties is well accepted as an indicator of the relevance of the research and
as a vital complement of research conducted under the Specific Programme.
This type of work represents a key element in future Institute planning and it is
expected that contract research will continue its rapid growth path in the near
future to reach a steady state and a significant proportion of the Institute's
turnover.
In the materials fields, the industrial sectors which experience indicates should
have a good response for contract work are: aerospace, power engineering,
transport. These will continue to be targeted. For the large facilities, the
Cyclotron in Ispra, following a recent long term agreement with an industrial
partner, will enter into the production of medical radio-isotopes.
                                                                                 58
 ---pagebreak---                                                      12
     INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS (ISEI)
/.      OBJECTIVES
To be the European Commission's centre of excellence in the field of 'complex
systems' engineering, focussing on the evaluation and development of methods
addressing the safety, standards and performance of systems which involve
industrial, social and environmental issues on a pan-European scale.
In particular, to take the broad, 'systems approach' to the understanding of the
human, societal and environmental implications of scientific, technological and
industrial developments in order to provide technical advice for the Balanced
social and industrial development of European society.
ISEI will be launching, early in the period, new initiatives in t h e areas of
 Environmental Accident Management, Safety at Work and later, Safety Critical
Computer Systems as well as a contribution to the proposed Centre for Earth
Observation. ISEI's new initiatives will be built on top of the Institute's existing
strengths of systems engineering orientated t o safety of systems, and ISEI's
 underlying strength in informatics which is based both on ISEI's JRC-wide
informatics service and the Institute's advanced applications work.
//.    1992-1994 ACTIVITIES
 SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
 Environment
 ISEI activity under the Environment Programme will relate essentially to industrial
 safety and environmental risk management and will focus on the development of
 decision support systems for plant safety, emergency management and territorial
 risk management, including methods and approaches for modelling relevant
 decision processes.
 ISEI w i l l s t r e n g t h e n t h e w o r k on t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of m e t h o d o l o g y and
 technology to support the assessment of the reliability and safety of industrial
 and technical systems by widening the scope to take into account the human and
 social interfaces, and the environmental compatibility. In this context, new
 approaches t o modelling decision processes and control strategies w i l l be
 developed, based on recent advances in system science and on the outcome of
 exploratory researches performed in the 1988-1991 programme. These objectives
 will be tackled in partnership w i t h industrial and academic researchers f r o m
 across Europe.
 Additionally, ISEI's efforts in areas of public concern such as the environmental
 impact of the releases of chemicals from industrial and transport activities will
 lead to a major new initiative: the establishment of an Accident Management
 Centre, forming part of the European Office for Safety. The Centre's objective is
 to create, in connection w i t h DG XI and national authorities, a comprehensive
 information system on accident prevention, mitigation and response, based on
 the best available information technology (hypermedia, expert systems, etc.) to
 enhance the dissemination of i n f o r m a t i o n on preventive measures a n d
 emergency management for industrial and transportation accidents having
 severe impact on the population and the environment. The Centre will provide
 response/rescue organizations w i t h information and research results quickly
                                                                                                            59
 ---pagebreak---                                           -13
available to help in an actual emergency. The activity will include the
development of decision support systems for environmental emergency
management, education and training, post accident analyses, auditing of
emergency plans for accidents having cross border impacts and studies of
communicating with the public about risks taking into account cultural and
legislative differences between European regions.
A further new activity of the Institute in the environmental area would be its
informatics and data handling support to the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO)
which is described in section 17 of Chapter I.
Industrial and Materials Technologies
ISEI's second new initiative will be in the area of Safety at Work. Here, the
objective will be to conduct and coordinate research activities concerning
occupational and organisational aspects of the working environment as well as
prevention and management of accidents. The work will have two main thrusts:
the organisation of an information and documentation service concerning EEC
regulations and norms plus occupational accidents statistics and analyses
developed by the Member States; and the establishment of a laboratory of
human-machine systems interaction which will, by simulation and experimental
studies using real domains, evaluate the impact o f new technologies on safety at
work (computerised diagnostic systems, robots, distributed decision making and
communication, cognitive models in use by industrial designers) and research on
cognitive and organisational factors affecting the development of a safety culture
in the work place.
Measurement and Testing
ISEI will perform specific prenormative research in the field of probabilistic
residual life prediction of structures. The activity will be centred around existing
specialized installations such as STRIKE (Structural Reliability Investigation by
 Knowledge Engineering) where integral testing on complex structures can be
performed.
The existing work on the development and validation of probabilistic codes and
expert systems for the evaluation of the lifetime of steel and composite structures
 (pressure vessels, offshore platforms, steam headers) will be extended to consider
a larger variety of operational conditions and environments (e.g. marine
environment).
The specific research on non-intrusive synoptic methods for diagnostics (optical
diagnostics by coherent light and image processing) will be scaled-up to assess its
 full potential in industrial applications.
To respond to the needs of the photovoltaic industry, the European Solar Test
 Installation (ESTI) focusses on prenormative research in the field of photovoltaic
 systems with the development of measurement techniques for thin-film and high
 efficiency devices.
 Work in support of the preparation of new standards will put emphasis on
 reliability of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in buildings as well as on high-
 value applications. The projects are selected in line with the marketing strategy
 forcontractual work for external third parties.
                                                                                  GO
 ---pagebreak---                                                   14
Nuclear Fission Safety
Reactor Safety
The existing activities of ISEI on risk and reliability evaluation will be oriented
towards the development of methodology and technology to assess in time the
"level of safety" of an aging plant, and at optimising maintenance and control.
This includes the integration into the methodology of the consideration of the
change of the component reliability, of the modification of in-plant configuration
and operation, of the aging of structural parts, of the transfer of knowledge
between subsequent generations of operators and of changes of man-machine
interfaces. "Living PSA" techniques, incorporating knowledge based systems, will
be developed. The effort on the System Response Analyser will be continued w i t h
particular reference to human behaviour modelling, taking into account the
changes in man-machine interfaces, e.g. the possible introduction of novel types
of supervisory systems for the management of accidents.
Moreover, a benchmark exercise on expert judgment elicitation and combination
is planned.
Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management Programme
The activities in Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management will cover t w o
main areas:
      Development         of Containment      and Surveillance Techniques (CIS)
      CIS t e c h n i q u e s are e x p e c t e d t o play a much l a r g e r r o l e in t h e
       implementation of nuclear safeguards than in the past because of the
      changing fuel cycle characteristics in terms of size and level of process
      automation.
      They are based on sealing and identification techniques and on optical
      surveillance and monitoring techniques.
             For sealing and tagging of items and containers, there should be wide
             application of some techniques (based on ultrasonic and surface
             topography) presently developed and demonstrated on spent fuel
             containers, etc.
             Multisensor systems based on C/S are now being introduced on an
             experimental basis and demonstrated in nuclear facilities. Further
             development of such systems with the appropriate data management
             is required, in particular for video data reduction and analysis of
             images.
             Demonstration and Performance assessment of existing and new C/S
             devices and development of new procedures will be performed in the
             new LASCO laboratory, including the computer aided tele-operation
             for remote inventory verification in a model of an advanced storage
             area.
       Integration     of Safeguards Measures
       The need for development and support activities is conditioned by the
       evolution of the nuclear fuel cycle, the new safeguards strategies designed
       to respond to this e v o l u t i o n and the overall pressures of resource
       limitations. A careful monitoring of the above parameters will be made in
       order to make a more clear and systematic forecasting of safeguards needs
                                                                                               61
 ---pagebreak---                                                 -15-
      and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of research r e q u i r e m e n t s and t o i n t e g r a t e t h e
      development work in other areas.
      Furthermore, specific data evaluation methods will be developed and
      applied to assess the performances of multisensor measurement systems, for
      instance, for the determination of nuclear materials in large tanks.
Controlled   Thermonuclear             Fusion
The present contribution to the European Fusion Programme concerns the pre-
design activity in support to the Next Step (NET/ITER), as well as exploratory
studies for the long term development of fusion. In the 1992-1994 period ISEI will
devote the largest part of its activity in support to the Next Step design (Area 1 of
the European Fusion Programme Proposal for the period 1990-1994).
Design work on components of the Next Step will be carried out under specific
request of the NET-Team. The areas of contribution are:
      structural analysis of plasma facing components during plasma disruption
      events, including validation of the codes used for this purpose;
      Safety analysis of in-vessel components.
Technological actions will be focused on the construction of mock-ups of in-vessel
components of the Next Step and tests of remote handling procedures to bring
the Remote Handling Equipment to the required level of confidence for fully
remote operation in the reactor. This work will be a continuation of the present
activity dealing with simulation of remote handling of a 1/3 mock-up of the
blanket handling device (TELEMAC laboratory).
In the field of Long-Term Technical Developments (Area 2 of the European
Fusion Programme), ISEI could, if requested, contribute to the reference design of
a commercial fusion reactor to be undertaken in Europe. This contribution w o u l d
cover, in particular, the safety and environmental problems - an area where a
relevant know-how exists in the Institute.
Work for JET will be done under specific request.
Human Capital and Mobility
ISEI will participate in the Human Capital and Mobility programme via 'networks
of excellence' built from cooperation between the JRC ana national institutions.
In particular, ISEI will focus its training and research programmes for young
researchers towards t w o themes: risk management and advanced computing
techniques. ISEI is well known for its risk assessment and accident management
research and in this area acts as a focal point of various networks of industrial and
academic institutions. Moreover, ISEI is a centre for advanced (parallel)
computation, being part of DG Xlll's drive to exploit Europe's innovative lead in
the area of transputer applications.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
The scientific/technical support to the Commission's services for the period 1992-
94 will address the requests coming from nine Directorates General and will cover
various scientific disciplines available within ISEI. This activity is a large and very
 important component of ISEI's work.
                                                                                                    62
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The activities may be summarised as follows:
a)    development and analysis of computerised information systems for:
             management of control systems (for the coordination of Fraud
             Prevention Unit) and management of parliamentary petitions
             (Secretariat General);
             world shipbuilding (DG III);
             aircraft incidents (DG VII);
             civil protection for cooperation and mutual assistance in case of
             disaster (DG XI);
b)    support for the implementation of EC directives notably on major accidents
      (DGXI);
c)    Valorisation of R/D results (DG XIII). As is the case for the other Institutes,
      the ISEI is also involved with DG XIII for the exploitation and dissemination
       of research results. Current projects at the Institute are:
             object identification by surface texture;
             on high speed camera holography and image processing;
             support to CORDIS data bases on Community research                  and
             technological development activities.
d)     development of information systems and containment and surveillance
       techniques for inspectors of the IAEA (DG I) and of the Safeguards
       Directorate (DG XVII);
e)     support to DG XVII demonstration programmes, notably in the photovoltaic
       area while energy savings and energy conservation support will be gradually
       phased out;
f)     support activities for the information technology programmes of DG XIII,
       with a particular emphasis on technology demonstration and 'applications
       pull' activities such as:
              application of software and knowledge engineering R/D results;
              application of parallel computing R/D results;
              training support;
              pilot networking project.
 Support is also provided to the Statistical Office by assistance with the
 developme r of new methods of data analysis.
 The Support to the Commission areas which are expected to expand are the
 activities for the information technology programmes ( p o i n t f ) , t h e
 implementation of EC directives (point b) and proposals are also being made in
 the field of safety at work (DG V).
                                                                                      63
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CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
ISEI marketing policy will be mainly based on its accumulated know-how and
recognized competence in developing methods and tools for industrial safety
and environmental risk assessment and management, backed up by a strong
informatics expertise. In this area, a particular perspective is open by the
possibility of participating in projects of national or regional public interest and
funded at regional or n a t i o n a l level. This should include provision of
informatics and other support to the European Environment Agency.
Development initiatives undertaken (e.g. Eureka projects or associative projects
like STARS) jointly with industrial partners in the 1988-1991 programme should
lead to commercial exploitation in the period 1992-1994.
An additional potentially significant contribution to the contractual work for
external third parties income should derive as a spin-off of the expertise
 continuously developed in the frame of the Framework Programme in the area
 of advanced diagnostics, systems performance assessment and systems physical
 protection.
The possibility of valorizing the European Solar Test Facility (ESTl) in the frame
 of a commercial initiative, that could cover the full operation cost will also be
 explored.
                                                                                     64
 ---pagebreak---                                                    18-
                                  ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE (El)
/.     OBJECTIVES
The existence of man is intrinsically connected to his e n v i r o n m e n t via
biogeochemical cycles which in t u r n , are affected by material and energy cycles.
Environmental research, i.e., research relating to the living conditions of man and
its changes in view of assessing the possibilities and limits of science a n d
technology in their endeavour to conserve or regenerate the natural bases of
human life, is the first member of the logical chain environmental research -
environmental policy - measures of environmental protection - environmental
conservation.
Environmental research at the JRC started in 1972. It offered, x^d is continuing to
offer, multidisciplinary R&D approaches for the clarification ^d description of
environmental stresses and, in particular, those relative to gi           JI environmental
changes, reduction of pollutant emissions, toxicological an . ecotoxicological
effects of environmental chemicals.
An increasing percentage of its efforts is dedicated to technical and scientific
support to other Commission services dealing with environmental matters. This
support includes methods for chemical analysis in the air, water, waste and food
sectors, and the development and maintenance of data banks and modelling
activities.
Major achievements were e.g. in the fields of pollution abatement technologies
(development of a new flue gas desulphurisation process), e n v i r o n m e n t a l
chemicals (establishment and evaluation of an inventory of industrial chemicals
on the European market), the elucidation of the origin of lead in human blood
and a post-event comparison of the evolution of the Chernobyl cloud and
 radioactive deposition.
The scientific disciplines represented in the Institute are (in decreasing numbers)
chemists, physicists, mathematicians (modellers), biologists, b i o c h e m i s t s ,
i n f o r m a t i o n scientists, geochemists, meteorologists, chemical a n d nuclear
engineers.
//.       1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
 SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
The research activities envisaged for 1992-94 of the Environment Institute match
t h e F r a m e w o r k P r o g r a m m e t h e m e s "Participation  in Global        Change
 Programmes"            ( w i t h a natural emphasis on strong c o o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n
 laboratories in the M e m b e r States and w o r l d w i d e ) , "Technologies              and
 Engineering for the Environmen                 and "Working Environment".       Within these
 themes the activities of the El con            trateon the folio ng subjects of research:
Three activities of the Institute deal with aspects of "Global Change":
          Physics of the Atmosphere. It deals w i t h modelling of atmospheric transport
          of pollutants at regional, European and, in collaboration w i t h the Safety.
          Technology Institute, at global level. The emphasis is on intercomparison
          and validation of existing models and improving links w i t h experimental
          input data.
                                                                                           65
 ---pagebreak---                                             -19
     The main experimental means are an aerosol laboratory for the study of
     gas/particle interactions and advanced equipment for the use of inert
     atmospheric "tracers", which follow the trajectories of air masses the same
     way as air pollutants do. Within the framework of the Eureka/Eurotrac-
     Tract project, first results show that pollutants can well climb the steep
     slopes of the Alps and cross the central Alpine spine.
     Chemistry of the Atmosphere. The scope is to examine the chemical fate of
     biogenic and a n t h r o p o g e n i c emissions by studying t h e kinetics and
     mechanisms of their transformation with relevance to the generation of
     noxious compounds and the build-up of radiatively active gases in the
     troposphere. A part of the activities lies within the framework of the COST
     611-Eureka/Eurotrac-Lactoz project. Sidelines are t h e m o n i t o r i n g of
     pollutants on a local and regional basis and the development of abatement
     technologies for pollutants from power stations (desulphurisation, denoxing
     and their combination).
     Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions. The focus is on the deposition/emission
     exchanges of substances from different vegetation types and their reactions
     in the near-to-surface atmosphere. Particular attention is given to their role
     in the Mediterranean areas and their contribution to the formation of
     ozone over Europe. In this field of biosphere/atmosphere interactions there
     is a collaboration with the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications which
     focuses on marine and large area aspects.
     The activity contributes to the Eureka/Eurotrac-Biatex project and to the
     IGBP-IGAC project.
Three further activity areas concentrate on Environmental Chemicals:
      "Soil, Waste, Water" w h i c h originates from radio-chemical research
     activities and combines the expertise of soil chemists, geologists and
     modellers acquired in research on radioactive waste disposal to study the
     migration and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants which
     could reach the g r o u n d - and surface waters. The influence of humic
     substances and natural colloids on mobility is particularly considered.
     The d e v e l o p m e n t of a m o b i l e l a b o r a t o r y for i n - f i e l d analysis o f
     contaminants in soil, water and chemical waste is under development in the
     framework of the Eureka/Euroenviron project. Further activities are expert
     systems for the management of toxic and hazardous wastes and t h e
     development of specific analytical methods for persistent organo-chlorine
     compounds in soils and waters.
     The above activities will be strongly focussed on the area of chemical wastes
      and their disposal.
      Activities on w a t e r q u a l i t y include t w o projects focussed on t h e
      M e d i t e r r a n e a n area and developed in collaboration w i t h d i f f e r e n t
      European laboratories. The first one on microphyte toxins (MITO project)
      aims at the d e v e l o p m e n t of fast and easy-to-use systems f o r t h e
      characterization, identification and quantification of algal blooms in fresh
      and marine waters. The second one on analytical quality control aims at the
     detection, quantification and reduction of error sources associated w i t h the
      sampling and analysis procedures for environmental micro contaminant
      monitoring.
      Life Sciences. Work is focused on the evaluation of toxicological and
      ecotoxicological effects of environmental chemicals in four directions:
                                                                                                     66
 ---pagebreak---                                                        20-
       (a)    experimental activities on trace metals and genotoxic compounds
              including new in-vitro and in-vivo test systems;
       (b)    biomonitoring of trace metals for the establishment of background
              values and risk groups in human populations in Europe;
       (c)    risk e v a l u a t i o n of e n v i r o n m e n t a l chemicals using m e t h o d s of
              quantitative structure-activity relationships and closely related to this
              activity
       (d)    updating and distribution of the ECDIN data bank.
       Activity (b) is part of the Eureka -Euroenviron project. Activities (a), (c) and
        (d) are related to technical support t o DG XI for the evaluation of existing
       chemicals and the u p d a t i n g of EC directives on chemicals and some
        exploratory research.
        Indoor Pollution.       There are t w o closely related lines of action:
        (a)   Experimental activity aimed at assessing human exposure to a broad
              range of organic pollutants originating from indoor sources and its
              contribution to total exposure, identification and characterization of
              indoor sources and development and validation of related methods;
        (b)   M a n a g e m e n t and Technical Secretariat of t h e Concerted A c t i o n
              "Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact on M a n " establishing a 'Europe-
              w i d e ' collaboration in this field.
The activity Environmental Informatics deals w i t h problems related to the real or
potential presence of harmful compounds in the environment including their
impact on humans and the different environmental compartments. It includes
the diagnosis and trend of the environmental contamination by making use of
pollution environmental data, p o l l u t i o n environmental indices, toxicological
data, dispersion, transport and migration models from the other activities o f the
Institute. Work is done in collaboration w i t h the ISEI Institute.
Several of the activities mentioned here or above in the area of global change
could be concentrated towards a substantial contribution, to the initial phases in
1992-1994 of the Centre for Earth Observation as described in section 17 of
Chapter I.
Human Capital and Mobility
An important role of the Institute lies in the further education and training of
y o u n g scientists w i t h research aspirations in e n v i r o n m e n t a l science a n d
technology. The Institute, w i t h its established collaborations w i t h networks of
national laboratories thus intends to contribute in an essential way, to the aims of
training of young researchers under the Human Capital and Mobility Programme.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
The scientific and technological support to the Commission responds t o t h e
requests of DG XI to support t h e implementation of present and f u t u r e EC
Directives on Air Quality, Water Quality, Chemicals and Chemical Waste, under
the headings Physics of the Atmosphere, Chemistry of the Atmosphere and So/7,
 Waste, Water, respectively. Activities on indoor air pollution will include work
 requested by the Consumer Policy Service.
                                                                                                  67
 ---pagebreak---                                           21-
The evolution of radioactivity in the environment both under normal conditions
and in the case of nuclear emergencies is also studied to support the DG XI
obligations on radiological protection.
The activity on Food & Drug Analysis, Consumer Protection            is p e r f o r m e d
essentially by request of DG 111, VI and the Consumer Policy Service, on reference
methods for the detection of origin, genuineness, adulteration and food fraud
(e.g. fruit juices, dairy products and wine, for which a data bank will also be set
up) and looks after the purity of raw materials used in medicines. In addition to
this work, requests from the Consumer Policy Service include safety-related
evaluations on cosmetics, food products and a data bank on safety aspects of a
wide range of products. Furthermore, analytical work is routinely performed for
DGXXI.
The setting-up of A Centre for Validation of Alternative Testing Methods (i.e.
alternative to animal tests in toxicology) requested by DG XI within the frame of
the Institute by making use of the existing toxicological laboratories, t h e
multidisciplinary scientific support and the experience gained in the validation of
analytical methods and in the operation of data banks.
The main task of the Centre will be the coordination, at Community level, of the
validation of alternative testing methods by establishing analytical protocols and
 intercomparison exercises.
As a complement to this, the Centre should favour the exchange of information
 by setting up and operating a data bank on alternative testing methods and
 promoting meetings and workshops in order to facilitate dialogue between
 industry, associations for animal protection and regulatory bodies.
 CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
 Contractual work is developing for public authorities and industry notably in the
 areas of air pollution, water quality, chemical industrial waste and evaluation of
 toxic substances.
 The Environment Institute has already contributed to the Task Force for setting up
 the European Environment Agency and plans are being drawn up for substantial
 support on t h e harmonisation of analytical methods, i n t e r c a l i b r a t i o n of
 instruments, standardisation of data formats, development of new
 environmental measurement methods and instruments, as outlined in the Annex
 of the Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Environment
 Agency.
                                                                                      68
 ---pagebreak---                                           -22
           INSTITUTE FOR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS (IRSA)
/.   OBJECTIVES
The objectives of IRSA are:
a)    to evaluate and demonstrate possible applications of remote sensing in
      support of the sectorial policies of the Commission;
b)     to undertake research on advanced methods for the interpretation and
       utilisation of satellite data, including their integration w i t h geographical
      data;
c)     to help stimulate the scientific community in the use of satellites (a role
       complementary to the mission of the European Space Agency (ESA)). This
       objective should be carried out via collaborative programmes and p i l o t
       projects of European significance.
Within this context, IRSA takes part in all four JRC tasks and furthermore serves as
a focal point for the management of other European or Community projects,
such as TREES and EARSEC.
//.     1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
The specific programme will contribute to the Framework Programme objectives
of the Environment line, and notably to the themes "Participation in global
change programmes" and "Technologies and engineering for the environment".
This includes the following research:
 Environmental    Mapping and      Monitoring
This research activity is aimed at the development of techniques f o r t h e
application of data derived from high resolution earth observation satellites, in
 conjunction w i t h collateral data and information, for the m o n i t o r i n g a n d
 management of marginal (less favoured) areas of the European Community.
The activity incorporates the development of advanced image interpretation
 techniques, including the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in
 conjunction w i t h geographical information systems in order to improve land use
 classification.
 Global change
Two major contributions to the study of global change are to be developed.
       Monitoring of the Marine Environment. Global Change studies related . j
       the marine environment will concentrate upon studies of the temporal and
       spatial variability of sea surface temperature, ocean colour, biological
        activity and associated bio-geochemical fluxes in the North-East Atlantic.
       Within this activity the development and validation of numerical models of
        the area will be undertaken (see also the S/T Support Commission study,
        OCEAN).
                                                                                   69
 ---pagebreak---                                                      -23
      Processes Related to Large Scale Changes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. The
      principal objective of this work is to develop approaches to the study of
      changes in terrestrial vegetation canopies at regional to global scales using
      remote sensing data. In so doing, it is intended to model the interactions
      between terrestrial surfaces and the climate in order to better understand
      the possible impacts of change in the biosphere-atmosphere coupling.
Technologies and                 Engineering
Evaluation of a number of advanced techniques which will become important in
the future as new earth observation systems are developed. These advanced
techniques include:
a)    Microwave remote sensing
b)    Imaging spectrometry
c)    Data processing
Each of these are described in more detail below:
      Microwave Remote Sensing. The objective of this work is to undertake
      signature research in the microwave region of t h e e l e c t r o - m a g n e t i c
      spectrum via laboratory, airborne and spaceborne techniques, in order to
      i m p r o v e t h e k n o w l e d g e of t h e status and dynamics of ecosystem
      components. Particular emphasis will be given to the implementation and
      use of a signature l a b o r a t o r y , t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a E u r o p e a n
      programme for airborne remote sensing experiments, the application and
      i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of ERS-1 d a t a , and t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of advanced
      techniques of information extraction from microwave data.
      Imaging Spectrometry.                  This activity will evaluate the potential of high
      spectral resolution data for use in land resources applications, land
      degradation and soil erosion processes. Atmospheric, bi-directional and
       polarization effects will be evaluated.
       In addition, field radiometry will be applied in an evaluation of water,
       plants and the atmosphere; this will include the organisation of radiometric
      ground data campaigns in order to calibrate airborne and space sensors and
      to validate atmospheric corrections and classification algorithms.
       Data Processing. Data processing techniques will be developed to handle
      data from advanced sensors, such as imaging spectrometers and radars.
       M e t h o d o l o g i e s w i l l also be d e v e l o p e d t o include advanced i m a g e
       interpretation techniques using artificial intelligence and neural networks
       and processing imaging spectrometry data.
 Human Capital and Mobility
The Institute, being involved in the implementation of a new and advanced
technique like observation of the earth from space, is particularly adapted t o the
training of young scientists in the field. Through a network w i t h national teams
 and laboratories the areas for this training can be:
       microwave signature
       high resolution spectrometry
       expert systems applied to spaceborne data processing
       development of geographical information systems
       thematic applications of remote sensing
                                                                                                      70
 ---pagebreak---                                            24
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
Agriculture
Two studies will be undertaken in the field of agricultural policy:
      Common Agricultural Policy (Agriculture, DG VI) and the Statistical Office
      (EUROSTAT): Pilot Project of Remote Sensing Applied to             Agricultural
      Statistics. The objective of this work is to develop and demonstrate, up to
      the semi-operational scale, methodologies which integrate remote sensing
      data into the collection of statistics of crop acreage and agricultural
      production in the CEC.
      Common Agricultural        Policy (DG VI, FEOGA): Integrated      System of
      Agricultural Subsidy Control based on Area Declaration. In order to support
      operational applications in agricultural subsidy control related to the
      declaration of areas under crop, for durum wheat, cotton, olive trees, set-
      aside land and vineyard removal, as well as vineyard and citrus registers,
      airborne and spaceborne remotely sensed data will be integrated in a
      complete system which will reduce the quantity of fieldwork and also
      reduce the subjectivity of the control decision.
Tropical Vegetation     Monitoring
Two studies will be undertaken involving the monitoring of tropical vegetation:
      Development      Policy (DG VIII): Application   of Remote Sensing to the
      Monitoring of Tropical Vegetation. The objective of this work is to continue
      the development of remote sensing techniques in the monitoring and
      forecasting of foodcrop production in West Africa, the evaluation of the
      impact of vegetation conditions upon water resources in West African river
      basins, and to undertake an inventory of tropical forests and deforestation
      on a global scale (see also Specific Programme, Global Change).
       External Affairs (DG I): Detection of Narcotic Plants     A feasibility study
       regarding the potential detection of narcotic crops (coca, poppy) using
       remotely sensed data will be undertaken for specific sites throughout the
      world.
Ma rin e En vironmen t
Two studies will be undertaken including the marine environment:
       External Affairs (DG I): Applications       of Remote Sensing to        Marine
       Productivity. The application of remote sensing data, in conjunction with
       conventional oceanography and meteorological data, will be evaluated for
       the study of coastal upwelling and fishery management off the Northwest
       African coast (see also the Specific Programme, Global Change).
       Environment (DG XI): Ocean Colour European Archive Network (OCEAN)
       Project. OCEAN, a joint initiative of IRSA and ESA, aims at a thorough
       reappraisal of all ocean colour data derived from the Coastal Zone Colour
       Scanner (CZCS) on seas of European concern, and at their exploitation for an
       improved understanding of marine environmental issues (reference should
       also be made to the Specific Programme, Global Change).
                                                                                   71
 ---pagebreak---                                           -25
Land Use
      Environment (DG XI): Corine Land Cover. The objective of this ongoing
      study is to implement methods to update the Corine land cover database
      using existing methods developed under the S/T Support Commission study
      on Agricultural Statistics, and new methods incorporating a u t o m a t i c
      classification techniques to permit regular updating.
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
The contractual work for external third parties comprises the developments,
implementation and testing of the lidar fluorosensor on a helicopter-based
platform in cooperation with an industrial firm. The Institute also plans to make
available to outside third parties, its specialised scientific installations, such as the
radar signature laboratory. Its planned support to the European Environment
Agency, notably by the application of remote sensing techniques, w i l l be
included under this heading.
Cooperation     with ESA
In addition to the OCEAN project, the Institute is implementing t w o other
European projects:
      Tropical Forest Monitoring (TREES). The TREES Project, jointly undertaken
      w i t h ESA, will develop a satellite-based methodology for a continuous
      monitoring of the tropical forest at global levels using AVHRR and ERS-1,
      SAR data (see also Specific Programme Global Change).
      European Airborne Remote Sensing Capabilities (EARSEC). The objective of
      this work, jointly undertaken with ESA, is to establish a European capability
      for carrying out airborne remote sensing campaigns. This capability
      incorporates sensors, aircraft and processor, and includes the development
      of these facilities to JRC specifications.
Several of the activities of the Institute b o t h under the specific research
programme and other headings, could be concentrated on a shorter term and a
longer term basis a r o u n d the Centre f o r Earth Observation (CEO) t o be
established at the JRC through a collaboration inside with the other relevant JRC
Institutes (El and ISEI) and outside the JRC w i t h ESA and national authorities.
                                                                                     72
 ---pagebreak---                                              26
                           SAFETY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (STI)
/.    OBJECTIVES
The Institute's role in the context of JRC activities is to c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e
u n d e r s t a n d i n g of complex physical and chemical p h e n o m e n a a n d t h e
development and validation of calculational tools in areas which are of particular
concern for the public at large such as safety of nuclear and non-nuclear
installations, environment, waste treatment of nuclear materials and safeguards.
Experience shows that due to the complexity and severity of problems, reference
solutions have to be prepared at European level which make best use of available
experience in the Member States.
The approach to the problem conducted by the Institute is deterministic in nature
and has to be seen as a logical complement to the probabilistic and system frame
w h i c h is being developed by the Institute for Systems Engineering a n d
Informatics. Coordination of the t w o approaches is guaranteed by the European
Office for Safety described in the introduction chapter, section 14.
STI is keen to keep a balanced approach between e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n a n d
theoretical analysis. For particular purposes unique facilities are designed,
constructed and operated. Member States are invited to make extensive use of
these expensive installations in order to avoid similar expenditures in their home
organisations and draw the benefits from well coordinated programmes executed
at Commission and national level.
//.      1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
The Institute's contribution to the Measurement and Testing programme will be
centred around the Reaction Wall facility that is designed t o test full scale
structures to seismic and other loadings andean be used to help define norms and
standards particularly in the civil engineering industry. It is fully complementary
to smaller scale shaking tables in Member States. The analysis and experimental
activities are part of a programme which has been agreed by an Association of
 European Laboratories.
The research activities t o be u n d e r t a k e n by STI under t h e      Environment
Programme regard industrial safety. This activity involves, to a large extent,
disciplinary scientific competences and technical know-how in the field of fluid
dynamics and multiphase f l o w which have been developed in the past years by
the Institute in nuclear reactor safety investigations.
 Industrial safety concentrates on processes in the chemical industry.           Strong
 motives for research efforts in this area are:
         the necessity for industry to implement appropriate engineering safety
         measures and to update the latter in the light of technical progress;
         the need to improve continuously knowledge regarding anomalies and
         safety features of processes;
         the need to formulate guidelines for safety methodologies for industrial
         applications, especially in view of the completion of the internal market.
                                                                               73
 ---pagebreak---                                          -27-
Phenomena investigated regard a sequence of failures and engineering safety
measures in chemical processes: (a) off-normal chemical reactor operation
leading to "runaway", (b) emergency pressure relief and fluid discharge from
reactor vessels, (c) release of hazardous fluids with subsequent formation of a
"dense vapour cloud" which may disperse in the environment and which may
explode if the substances released are flammable.
STI will strengthen its expertise in the above area by operating experimental
facilities ("FIRES" for chemical runaway reations, MPMC for emergency venting
on problems of industrial relevance) and by applying and validating computer
programmes (dealing with runaway, venting, "dense" vapour cloud dispersion,
explosion, and flame propagation).
The work will be done in close association and partnership with chemical industry
and address the safety aspects of prevention, mitigation and consequence
assessment. A strong link already exists with Shared Cost Action programme
STEP, executed by the Commission.
In the ERCOFTAC consortium, the JRC has become a pilot centre for multiphase
multicomponent flow. Here, the specialised informatics infrastructure and
expertise of the Institute will be placed at the disposal of the participants of the
consortium.
In Nuclear Fission Safety and Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion the Institute has
to accommodate substantial reduction while keeping and developing scientific
competence in those areas which are of renewed public concern. The Institute
will concentrate on those projects where a coordinated effort on a European or
 international scale is necessary to make best use of resources and to reach
 common views in the scientifically most complex areas.
 In the Reactor Safety programme the Institute will concentrate on the following
 main items which are all intended to be a focal point and substantial contribution
 to severe accident control and mitigation measures:
        the development and validation of computer codes for the estimation of the
        amount and quality of radioactive products which could potentially be
        released to the environment in the case of severe accidents in light water
        reactors (ESTER);
        the execution of large and small scale tests to study different aspects of
        aerosols and FP chemistry and physics and to provide a data base for code
        validation. Of particular importance in this context will be the continued
        participation of the Commission in the Phebus in pile fission product release
        testing programme and related activities which will be partially performed
        in-house;
        also for light water reactors, the study of complex phenomena like melt
        quenching in the coolant (in-vessel or ex-vessel) in the case of fuel melting
        and release on the vessel bottom or in the reactor cavity. In the FARO plant,
        tests with real reactor material in representative conditions will be
        performed. Later on, ex-vessel situations are also expected to be studied;
        new studies will be undertaken on the containment (loading and response)
        in the case of severe accidents in close cooperation with Member States'
        organizations.
  In the Safeguards Research Programme, the STI contributes to research aiming at
 seeking at medium term and longer term basis new and improved methods for
  the Safeguards activities executed by the Commission inspectors (DG XVII) and
                                                                              74
 ---pagebreak---                                                 -28
IAEA inspectors in the frame of the EURATOM Treaty and the Non-Proliferation
Treaty. The research and collaboration with national research thus underpins the
technical support provided by the JRC to DG XVII and to DG I (for IAEA).
The mam scope of the programme is:
       Design and construction of integrated non destructive assay instruments;
       Development of techniques for NDA monitoring of Fissile Material;
       Setting up facilities for calibration and training.
The Safety Technology Institute has set up the calibration and training laboratory
PRE PERLA that started operation in 1987 having an important inventory of well
characterized reference materials. An average of 12 training cou^ <?s for ti%
facility are given each year to Euratom and IAEA inspectors as p a r : the la
described scientific and technolo<            I support to the Commission.
In 1991, the new PERLA labor                 ry will be operational and w i .   gradual»
substitute PRE PERLA.
A new generation of intelligent instruments specifically studied for customers will
 be developed to be delivered to the DG XVII Safeguards Directorate and IAEA.
 New Fissile Material bulk standards will be characterized and acquired for the
 PERLA inventory.
The Institute's contribution to the Radioactive Waste Management programme
 has always pursued a double objective: to support available technologies for fuel
 reprocessing and waste disposal and to carry out research which may lead to
 diminution of waste and mitigate the acceptability problems of final waste
 disposal
 In particular the PETRA facility has been designed an            onstructed to undertake
 tasks on a significant scale which may be summarised a. ollows :
       extend the Purex process to handle fuel elements having a high-burn-up;
       provide an independent characterisation of vitrified waste;
       verify new p a r t i t i o n i n g processes f o r the separation o f l o n g lived
       radioisotopes;
       process non-standard spent fuel;
       test methods and procedures pertaining to fissile material accountancy.
 Because of the multipurpose nature of the programme and the diverse interests
 of customers, PETRA will be operated with funding which is shared equally by the
 JRC programme, and interested organisations in Member States or t h i r d
 countries. It is foreseen at this stage to ensure a gradual operation .f PETRA
 which should not be initiated before the availability of funds oucside t h e
 programme is confirmed.
 The JRC activities in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion are largely oriented
 towards nuclear safety-relevant aspects of fusion machines aimed at preventing
 and eventually mitigating adverse effects from both routinely and accidentally
 originated release of radioactive materials, prevailingly tritium, into the working
 and generic environment. In this context, STI will concentrate almost entirely on
                                                                                         75
 ---pagebreak---                                           -29-
the operation of ETHEL, the European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory.
JRC and KfK cooperated in the design and construction of t h e i r t r i t i u m
laboratories and together they will propose a detailed plan which takes into
account the urgency of problems to be solved for JET and NET/ITER. ETHEL is more
safety-oriented with particular emphasis given to investigating the migration
modes of tritium in materials, components and equipments and t o assessing
transfer mechanisms w i t h the ultimate aim of improving the protection of both
the workers and the general public. ETHEL presents unique possibilities for
studying loss mechanisms through containment barriers, investigating multiple
containment systems and developing improved solid tritiated waste handling,
treatment, conditioning and disposal techniques.
With the availability of t w o "climate chambers", the small and the large caisson
of respectively 5 and 350 m* volume ETHEL is particularly suited for bench mark
and scale-up tests of any kind of large gas volume treatment systems, thus closing
the gap between laboratory-scale results and plant-scale design specifications.
 In particular, the following topical areas will be addressed in separate series of
 experiments:
       Tritium interaction with first wall materials;
       Detritiation of large scale air or inert atmospheres in both normal and
       accidental conditions;
       Purification of plasma exhaust and tritium recovery from helium;
       Removal of impurities from hydrogen isotopes and subsequent hydrogen,
       deuterium, tritium separation;
       Development of improved tritiated waste management techniques.
 The above activities will be mainly oriented by the NET/ITER needs. In addition,
 work has been identified in support to JET, the inclusion of which in t h e
 experimental activities of the ETHEL was judged most useful.
 The most urgent problem for JET in connection with the preparation of the
 tritium phase is to demonstrate to the licensing authorities experimentally the
 tritium permeation rate through thin wall stainless steel bellows at elevated
 temperatures under dynamic operating conditions. It can be anticipated that
 many similar problems will arise for NET, where confidence of the licensing bodies
 will be obtainable only by practical demonstration. ETHEL is a candidate facility
 for such support work.
 The Institute is called to give a minor contribution to the Working Environment
 programme. Laboratories presently working in this area are mostly involved in
 solving problems that require immediate solutions. The aim of STI is t o f i n d
 general calculation methods that can be used in the development of norms. The
 work will have the following thrusts:
       basic activities on noise generation and study of transport     of toxic and
       inflammable products in a closed environment.
 All the above are contributions to the Framework Programme and reinforce the
 objectives in the various chapters in which the JRC participates.
                                                                              76
 ---pagebreak---                                          -30-
Human Capital and      Mobility
By its multidisciplinary nature, and because of the focal role of some of its
important and unique installations, the Institute is particularly well prepared to
contribute to this programme. The Institute offers training for young researchers
and also draws upon the established networks with national laboratories and
teams which could be further developed. This will include ERCOFTAC and the
European Association of Structural Mechanics Laboratories.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
It is planned that the Institute will take a more vigorous part in the Scientific  and
Technological Support for the Commission task.
This will include continuing provision of safeguards tools as requested by the
DGXVII Safeguards Directorate and the IAEA (Support to DG I). In the same
frame, as mentioned above, there w i l l be organised t r a i n i n g courses for
safeguards inspectors both from DG XVII and from IAEA using the unique facilities
offered by the PERLA facility.
As already initiated, the STI will continue, but at an increased level, to respond to
the request of DG XIII for testing and implementing new techniques and
equipment developed in the ESPRIT programme. Furthermore, it will continue to
honour the demand from DG XIII for exploitation of research results stemming
from the activities of the Institute.
Assistance and transfer of know-how is expected to be provided for DG XI (Safety)
and DG III (Norms and Standards) and the verification w o r k on i m p o r t e d
instruments for DG XXI.
 CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
Concerning Contractual Work for External Third Parties, the Institute is planning
a vigorous effort for selling the use of existing facilities to industry and national
organizations and to put a wider range of multidisciplinary competences at the
disposal of clients from public or private bodies.
Ongoing contract work and promising potentials are notably related t o industrial
 hazards studies for chemical industries, behaviour of structures submitted t o
dynamic loading for building and construction industries, nuclear industries and
 petrochemical industries. Particular nuclear safety studies are o n g o i n g for
 national authorities or the nuclear industry both related to reactor design and
operation and to nuclear fuel cycle safety. Furthermore, it is intended to perform
specific studies related to tritium technology for public authorities or industry.
                                                                                    77
 ---pagebreak---                                            -31-
          INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES
/.   OBJECTIVES
The basic task of the Institute is the acquisition, treatment and analysis of
information concerning the state and trends of science and technology (S&T) and
the execution of prospective studies in targeted areas of S&T.
The aim of the Institute's programme of work is to provide the Institute's
customers with the background knowledge - data and reasoned arguments,
scenarios, etc - necessary for informed decision making in matters concerning S&T.
Thus, the Institute carries out strategic studies of technological developments for
external customers (mainly other Services of the Commission, but also third party
customers) and for the JRC (other Institutes, or at the request of the Director
General's Office). The Institute acts as a consulting office, with no independent
 programme, operating in accordance with the customer-contractor principle and
this clearly affects the structure of its activities.
 In order to carry out its tasks the Institute has two main functions. The first of
these is the observatory function in which the Institute endeavours to:
       collect information on trends in technological innovation;
       analyse, process and present the information in order to help determine
       research and technological development strategies;
       develop and use specialized databases of the information collected by the
       Institute, and
       describe the state of science and technology in selected areas of interest to
       the Community.
 The second function is to execute prospective technological studies. This involves
 preparing S&T assessments, forecasts and scenarios as an aid to the formulation of
 research and development strategies, including analyses of economic, social and
 environmental impacts.
 In pursuit of both functions, the Institute will make the best possible use of
 existing national bodies active in the same area, organizing European networks of
 S&T observatories and prospective studies units.
 In this context, the Commission has received an offer from the Spanish
 Government to host the Institute at Seville within the Science Park which will be
 developed there following the EXPO 92. With assurance that the Institute would
 work in a scientific and technical environment, where a strong interaction occurs
 with research structures located at the same place and assurance that the
 implantation would not lead to any additional financial burden to the JRC, the
 Commission considers the proposal favourably.
 The potential availability of work for third parties will be a strong determining
 factor in the decision concerning the location of the Institute.
                                                                               78
 ---pagebreak---                                              32-
//.    1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES
SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES
Work for other JRC institutes w i l l constitute the Institute's i n p u t t o t h e
Framework Programme (the main contribution being under Human Capital and
Mobility which is described below). As an example of this work, it is expected that
the studies on Advanced Materials will continue under this heading.
Human Capital and           Mobility
The Institute will offer young research fellows the o p p o r t u n i t y to receive
specialized training in the field of technological prospective and assessment.
Basically, the programme will involve "training-through-research", whereby small
teams, (e.g. 4 to 6 people each) are formed, including young scientists and at least
one member of the Institute's staff.
Each team will be in charge of a project concerning technology assessment and
study of technological prospects in a selected field, chosen from among the
priority subjects for the Institute.
Collaboration and exchange of people with other institutes in the Member States
will be organized and bi-annual seminars, with the participation of external
experts, will allow the review and evaluation of the work done by each team.
In a d d i t i o n , the research fellows will be provided w i t h training courses in
Technological Forecasting and Assessment, language courses and introductory
courses in European Affairs.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION
The future priority envisaged for the Institute is the execution of projects under
 the "Support to the Commission" umbrella. This represents the central mission of
the Institute and it will be covered by a series of multiannual contracts w i t h
several Commission Services (Forward Studies Unit (CdP), DG III, DG VII, DG XI,
 etc.). The work will consist of prospective studies in a restricted number of
sectors and horizontal fields in which the Institute has, or is building up, expertise
 and reputation. These subjects will be reflected in the Institute's Annual Work
 Plans. They w i l l be r e v i s e d / m o d i f i e d as a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w i n g t h e
 customer/contractor principle. The main fields of activity are expected to be the
 following:
       Energy systems: technological and market p e n e t r a t i o n p o t e n t i a l of
       renewable energies; energy conservation; future options, such as fusion
       energy; problems related to C0 2 control and other environmental issues.
       Transport systems: air transport and aeronautical industries; high speed
       surface transportation; urban transport, etc.
       Environment: environmental impact of new technologies; technological
       options related to pollution avoidance; environmental technologies
       Future technologies: market penetration of selected advanced materials;
       materials in space applications; space markets; etc.
                                                                                                    79
 ---pagebreak---                                          -33
CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES
To date, this has been largely restricted to central or regional public bodies in the
Member States. The BMFT (German Federal Ministry f o r Research a n d
Technology) Fusion contract is a good example. In the future it is hoped t o
introduce an industrial and private sector element.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Some "horizontal" or ad-hoc studies will be performed for and with DG XII and
the JRC DG on issues such as:
       innovation process and industrial competitiveness;
       cross-impact of technologies (dual use and cross-sectoral fertilization);
       future strategies for the JRC and for some of its Institutes.
Baseline studies will be executed, with marginal resources, together w i t h DG
Xll/Monitor and OECD, to improve the tools required by prospective activities (S&T
indicators, interfacing national data bases, etc.).
 Finally, the network activities should be consolidated in the 1992-1994 time
frame. The Institute's antennae in North America and Japan should be fully
operational and they, together w i t h a network of national experts in the Member
States, will make significant contributions to the studies of the Institute.
                                                                                     80
 ---pagebreak--- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
                     81
 ---pagebreak---                                                                    Fiche financière N° 1 page 1
                             FICHE FINANCIERE N°1:
                  Activités de recherche: 3ème programme cadre
1. Intitulé de l'action:
   Voir ci-dessus.
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:
   B6.11         personnel (en partie);
   B6.121        infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
   B6.122        supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
   B6.3          crédits opérationnels directs.
3. Base légale:
   Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994 (3ème programme cadre
   1990-94).
4. Description de l'action:
   4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action: activités de recherche, action directe,
          menées par le CCR dans les domaines suivants:
         Technologies industrielles            et des m a t é r i a u x : Matériaux,
          Environnement du travail;
          Mesures et essais;
          Environnement;
          Sûreté de la fission;
          Fusion;
          Capital humain et mobilité.
          Il est prévu d'autre part de consacrer une partie des crédits et moyens,
          à concurrence de 6 % des montants initialement prévus, à des activités
          de recherche exploratoire dans des domaines prometteurs.
   4.2. Durée:
          Exercice 1992-94.
   4 3. Population visée par l'action:
          Communauté scientifique internationale.
5. Classification de la dépense ou des recettes
    5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).
    5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).
    5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.
                                                                                           82
 ---pagebreak---                                                                              Fiche financière N° 1 page 2
               La nature de la dépense:
               Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des
               programmes de recherches tels que repris au point 2.
               Incidence financière:
               7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action:
                           prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
                           économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
                           Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;
                           prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
                           techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;
                           évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
                           programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour
                           fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).
                     Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par
                     programme spécifique.
                                          Programme CCR 1992-94
                                            Moyens de réalisation
                                   Infrastructure   Support                     Crédits
      Activité        Personnel                                    Total                       TOTAL
                                    admin./tech.  Scient/techn.              opérationnels
Matériaux              49 306.812       8.027.726     1.639.471    9.667.197     6.366.000    65.340.009
Environnement
                        8.073 477       1.322.509       207.524    1 530.033     2.277.000    11 880.510
du travail
Mesures et essais      53.688813       10.012.396    11.561.275   21 573.671    13.837.000    89.099.484
Environnement          99.207.976      16.513.872     3.832.520   20.346.392    28.945.000   148.499.368
Fission                97 480.344      18.436.924    23.813.932   42.250.856    24.609.000   164.340.200
Fusion                 25.996.697       4.591.464     5.205.721    9.797.185     4.796.000    40.589.882
Capital humain
                        3087 557        4.508.344         29.726   4.538.070    17.124.000    24.749.627
et mobilité
Total Prog.-cadre     336.841 676      63.413.235    46.290.169  109.703.404    97.954.000 | 544.499.080
                     Il est à noter que la Commission prévoit un développement des
                     activités de l'Institut des Matériaux de Petten s'accompagnant d'un
                     accroissement des effectifs de cet Institut. A cette fin un nouveau
                     bâtiment à usage de bureaux et laboratoires sera construit sur le te
                     de Petten; cette construction fera l'objet d'un contrat de lea. ng
                     immobilier avec l'ECN de Petten.
                     La signature en est prévue à la fin de l'exercice 1991 avec un premier
                     versement de 320.000 écus. Le solde payable en 5 annualités de
                     300.000 écus permettra au CCR de devenir propriétaire de cette-
                     construction à l'issue de cette période. Le coût global de l'opération y
                     compris travaux annexes et aménagements intérieurs est estimé à
                      1.900.000 écus.
                                                                                                  83
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 Fiche financière N° 2 page 1
                           FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2:
        Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission
1. Intitulé de l'action:
   Activités de Support à la Commission
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:
   B6.11        personnel (en partie);
   B6.121       infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
   B6.122       supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
   B6.421       crédits opérationnels directs.
3. Base légale:
   Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de l'Energie
   Atomique (EURATOM);
   Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994.
4. Description de l'action:
   4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action:
          Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que
          de besoin, l'expertise ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR
          dans les domaines de sa compétence.
   4.2. Durée:
          La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font
          l'objet d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales
          concernées. Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère
          ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel.
    4.3. Population visée par l'action:
          l'ensemble de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles
          communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine
          de la Recherche et du Développement.
5.  Classification de la dépense:
    5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).
    5.2. CD (Credits dissociés).
    5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.
                                                                               84
 ---pagebreak---                                                                             Fiche financière N° 2 page 2
   6.      Type de la dépense:
           Couverture des différents moyens rms en oeuvre pour l'exécution des
           activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2.
           Incidence financière:
           7.1.   Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action
                         prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
                         économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
                         Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;
                         prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
                         techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;
                         évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
                         p r o g r a m m e s de recherches (dépenses directes p o u r
                         fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).
                  Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par
                  programme spécifique.
                                         Programme CCR 1992-94
                                           Moyens de réalisation
                                Infrastructure   Support                     Crédits
  Activité       Personnel                                      Total                     TOTAL
                                 admin./tech.  Scient/techn.              opérationnels
Support
                 108278832          18 285 928     8.084.742   26.370.670    55.351.000  190.000.502
Commission
            7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total de l'action:
                   La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût total de
                   l'action.
            7.3. Programmation indicative:
                   Le tableau ci-après met en évidence l'effort que le CCR prévoit
                   d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994.
   8.       Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:
            Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
            dans les quatre centres du CCR.
   9.        Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:
            9.1.   Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:
                    Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la
                    mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires.
                                                                                                   85
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     Fiche financière N° 1 page 3
        Il est à noter également l'intention de la Commission de procéder à la
        réhabilitation d'un ensemble de logements sociaux d o n t dispose le
        CCR Ispra (Village Brebbia) pour augmenter les capacités d'accueil des
        jeunes arrivés, notamment boursiers, stagiaires, visiteurs scientifiques;
        cette politique se situe en particulier dans le cadre de la politique
        d ' o u v e r t u r e d u CCR, menées depuis le d é b u t 1988 aux jeunes
        scientifiques de tous les horizons.
        Le coût de cette réhabilitation est estimée à 1.600.000 écus pour les
        travaux de restructuration proprement dit (exercice 1993) et environ
        350.000 écus pour les aménagements internes (exercice 1993).
   7.2. Part du " mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme environ 1 %.
   7.3. Programmation indicative.
8. Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:
   Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
   dans les quatre centres du CCR.
9. Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:
   9.1.  Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:
         Les programmes spécifiques de R & D répondent aux objectifs définis
         dans le programme-cadre 1990-1994 en tenant compte du principe de
         subsidiarité.
         Les objectifs spécifiques d u CCR pour son programme 1992-1994
         seront fixés dans les annexes aux décisions du Conseil. Comme prévu
         dans l'article 2 d u Règlement financier, chacun de ces objectifs
         spécifiques fera l'objet, t o u t en tenant compte de la nature de la
         recherche, d'une quantification par le CCR, en termes opérationnels.
         Cette quantification devrait permettre l'établissement d'indicateurs
         de performance qui seront utilisés dans le cadre de l'évaluation future
         des résultats acquis par rapport aux.objectifs.
   9.2. Justification de l'action:
         Participation du CCR dans une partie des actions (actions nucléaires et
         non nucléaires) d o n t le montant global et les thèmes ont été définis
         par décision du Conseil (décision 90/224/EURATOM CEE du Conseil d u
          13.04.90 J.O.L 117/90).
   9.3.   Evaluation:
         C'est dans le cadre de l'exécution proprement dite des activités du CCR
          (objectif de recherche, support à la Commission, activités pour le
          compte de tiers) que l'efficacité des moyens mis en oeuvre, d o n t le
          personnel représente la composante la plus importante, est analysée
          selon les critères suivants:
                   l'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de
                   R&D du CCR garantit leur utilisation - 1 % du montant réservé au
                   sein d u programme cadre sera utilisé pour la d i f f u s i o n et
                   l'utilisation des résultats dans le cadre du programme VALUE;
                                                                                                8
 ---pagebreak---                                                  Fiche financière N° 1 page 4
l'ensemble des activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules"
annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D;
le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,
la diminution des frais généraux.
De manière à juger de leur efficacité, les activités du CCR feront
l'objet d'un suivi et d'une évaluation afin d'examiner dans quelle
mesure chacun des objectifs spécifiques fixés par le Conseil aura
été atteint tout en tenant compte des indicateurs de
 performance préétablis et du rapport coût-efficacité.
                                                                           87
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  Fiche financière N° 2 page 1
                            FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2:
         Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission
1.  Intitulé de l'action:
    Activités de Support à ia Commission
2.  Lignes budgétaires concernées:
    B6.11        personnel (en partie);
    B6.121       infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
    B6.122       supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
    B6.421       crédits opérationnels directs.
3.  Base légale:
    Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de l'Energie
    Atomique (EURATOM);
    Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994.
4.  Description de l'action:
    4.1.   Objectif spécifique de l'action:
           Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que
           de besoin, l'expertise ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR
           dans les domaines de sa compétence.
     4.2. Durée:
           La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font
           l'objet d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales
           concernées. Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère
           ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel.
     4.3. Population visée par l'action:
           l'ensemble de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles
           communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine
           de la Recherche et du Développement.
 5.  Classification de la dépense:
     5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).
     5.2. CD (Credits dissociés).
     5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.
                                                                                  88
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                 Fiche financière N° 2 page 2
   6.     Type de la dépense:
           Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des
           activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2.
   7.      Incidence financière:
           7.1.   Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action:
                         prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
                         é c o n o m i q u e à m o y e n t e r m e dans les divers pays de la
                         Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;
                         prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
                         techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;
                         évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
                         p r o g r a m m e s de recherches (dépenses d i r e c t e s p o u r
                         fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).
                  Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par
                  programme spécifique.
                                           Programme CCR 1992-94
                                            Moyens de réalisation
                                Infrastructure     Support                       Crédits
  Activité       Personnel                                          Total                      TOTAL
                                 ad m in./tech.  Scient/techn.                opérationnels
Support
                 108278832           18 285.928      8.084.742     26.370.670    55.351.000  190.000.502
Commission
            7.2. Part d u "mini-budget*' dans le coût total de l'action:
                   La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût t o t a l de
                   l'action.
            7.3. Programmation indicative:
                   Le tableau ci-après met en évidence l'effort que le CCR p r é v o i t
                   d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994.
    8.      Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:
            Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
            dans les quatre centres du CCR.
    9.       Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:
            9.1.   Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:
                    Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la
                   mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires.
                                                                                                          89
 ---pagebreak---                                                              Fiche financière N° 2 page 3
9.2. Justification de l'action:
     L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D
     garantit leur utilisation.
9.3. Evaluation:
           ces activités sont analysées et contrôlées comme toute les autres
            activités du CCR;
            l'ensemble des activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules"
            annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du
            CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D;
            le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,
            récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis
            des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de
            gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue
            permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,
            la diminution des frais généraux;
            de plus, les objectifs à atteindre, les moyens nécessaires et les
            résultats obtenus font l'objet d'examens périodiques entre les
            responsables de la Direction générale du CCR et les autres
            Directions générales concernées.
                                                                               80
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 Fiche financière N° 3 page 1
                            FICHE FINANCIERE N° 3:
                 Prestations de services pour le compte de tiers
1. Intitulé de l'action:
   Voir ci-dessus.
2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:
   B6.11        personnel (en partie);
   B6.121       infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
   B6.122       supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
   B6.431.
   Cette dernière ligne est destinée a accueillir les crédits nécessaires aux
   dépenses spécifiques des divers travaux exécutés pour le compte de tiers qui
   font, cas par cas, l'objet d'une évaluation avec les tiers concernés.
   Conformément aux dispositions de l'article 96 paragraphe 1 du règlement
   financier, cette ligne fera l'objet, en cours d'exercice, de l'ouverture de
   crédits supplémentaires pour les dépenses spécifiques propres à chaque
   contrat avec un tiers, à concurrence des recettes à inscrire au poste
   correspondant du budget général.
3. Base légale:
    Règlement Financier, Article 96:
    Résolution du Conseil du 29 juin 1988, concernant les activités devant être
    exécutées par le Centre Commun de recherche (CCR) (J.P. n° C 197 d u
    27.7.1988, p. 4);
    Décision 89/340/CEE du Conseil, du 3 mai 1988, concernant les travaux en
    rapport avec la Communauté économique européenne, réalisés pour des
    tiers par le Centre commun de recherche (JO n° L 142 du 25.5.1989, p. 10);
    Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994.
4.  Description de l'action:
    4.1    Objectifs spécifiques de l'action:
           Exécuter sur demande et contre rémunération des travaux pour le
           compte de tiers.
    4.2.   Durée:
           Actions ponctuelles renouvelables ayant souvent un caractère
           plunannuel.
    4.3. Population visée par l'action:
           Organismes de recherche, industries et PME (Petites et Moyennes
           Entreprises).
                                                                                       91
 ---pagebreak---                                                                  Fiche financière N° 3 page 2
   Classification de la dépense ou des recettes:
   5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).
   5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).
   5.3. Types de recettes visées:
         Ressources propres de la Communauté donnant lieu à remboursement
         et recettes tiers.
6. La nature des recettes:
   Types de la dépense et de la recette:
   Les travaux donnent par principe lieu à recettes dans le cadre de contrats
   signés avec des tiers.
   Toutefois pour garantir la couverture légale du personnel relevant du
   Tableau des effectifs et assurer le fonctionnement des Instituts et des
   services responsables du site d'Ispra une avance sous forme de crédits
   budgétaires, articles B6-111, B6-121 et B6-122 correspondant aux moyens
   (frais généraux correspondant au personnel de recherche envisagé et
   utilisation des Supports scientifiques et techniques) que le CCR prévoit de
   mettre à disposition de ce type d'activité est demandée à l'Autorité
   Budgétaire. Dans ces conditions une recette correspondante est constituée
   par les ressources propres de la Communauté, mais elle devrait être
   couverte par des contrats tiers d'un montant équivalent.
   Les recettes provenant de contrats tiers au-delà de ce remboursement
   permettent la création de crédits supplémentaires à l'article B6 431 afin de
   couvrir des dépenses spécifiques nécessaires pour l'exécution des contrats
   (article 96 du R.F.)
7. Incidence financière:
   7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action :
          Compte tenu de l'expérience du passé et du personnel que le CCR
          prévoit de mettre à disposition de ces activités le mode de calcul est
          celui des autres activités du CCR.
                prévisions des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
                économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
                Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;
                prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
                techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;
                évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution de ces
                activités pour le compte de tiers. Sur base de l'expérience acquise
                lors du programme 1988-1991 ces crédits spécifiques sont évalués
                à 40 % du coût total des contrats tiers.
    7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total de l'action:
          Sans objet.
                                                                                    92
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                 Fiche financière N° 3 page 3
              7.3. Programmation indicative:
                    En principe sans objet, s'agissant d'actions ponctuelles.
                    Le tableau ci-après met toutefois en évidence l'effet que le CCR
                    prévoit d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992 à
                    1994.
                                           Programme CCR 1992-94
                                             Moyens de réalisation
                                   Infrastructure      Support                     Crédits
     Activité       Personnel                                        Total                       TOTAL
                                    admin./tech.    Scient./techn.             opérationnels
Prestations tiers     34.068 064        5.837 027        3.728.573   9.565.600    24.367.000    68.000.664
              7.4. Gestion des recettes:
                    Les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers d o n n e n t lieu à
                    remboursement des lignes budgétaires concernées (voir point 2) à
                    concurrence des recettes encaissées.
                    A cette fin les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers sont
                    ventilées entre:
                           les r e c e t t e s d o n n a n t  lieu à l'ouverture       de    crédits
                           supplémentaires;
                           les recettes donnant lieu à remboursement au budget général.
                           Ces dernières correspondent aux remboursements dus au titre
                           des avances effectuées par le budget général.
                    Elles concernent:
                           les dépenses de personnel;
                           les frais généraux;
                           les éventuels supports scientifiques et techniques.
                     Les montants donnant lieu à remboursement sont déterminés lors de
                    l'établissement de chaque c o n t r a t de prestations p o u r t i e r s ,
                    conformément aux règles internes.
                     Lors de leur encaissement, les recettes d o n t imputées à l'état des
                     recettes sur les lignes budgétaires ouvertes à cet effet.
       8.      Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:
               Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
               dans les quatre centres du CCR.
       9.      Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:
               9.1.   Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:
                     Les activités pour comptes de tiers sont destinées pour l'essentiel à
                     renforcer la compétitivité industrielle de la Communauté.
                                                                                                          93
 ---pagebreak---                                                              Fiche financière N° 3 page 4
9.2. Justification de l'action
     L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D
     du CCR garantit leur utilisation.
9.3. Evaluation:
            le nombre et le volume des contrats signés dans ce cadre est un
            indice d'évaluation du coût /efficacité;
            le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,
            récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis
            des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de
            gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue
            permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,
             la diminution des frais généraux.
                                                                                  94
 ---pagebreak---                           worfc for t h i r d Qflr»i T t ( e t c t u d l n a ^Fft)
                            e s t imatedi oute^m* i g g a - i s a i (UECin
                                                {Actual       I Estimate I Total               ioojectfve
                                                !1988-90      M991               I(est lasts) Ifor 1992|
                                                               i
                                                              i                  !1988-91       j-1994 J
 VAI. Ufc OF C0NTRAC1S SIGNFD                   1
                                                   23.5       !      18.0        !   40.0      1    68    |
 Wl TH THIRO PARTUS                                                                            •           i
                                                                                               i           i
                                                                                               i           i
                                                                                               i           i
                                                                                               i           i
       Fiacoipts from dt u parties                                              1              1        J
       used to "reimburse" appro—                                                              i           i
       pr I at ions granted for per-                3.8
                                                                                1              i          i
                                                                    19,0*       1   23,0*      1 41-44   |
       sonnel, infrd>tru«tur# and             '                                                 i        S
       overnead expenditure                  i                                  1              i          i
                                                                                               i          i
                                                                                i
                                                                                i                         {
       Receipt* forecast for 1991            I                                  •
                                                                                i
                                                                                                          •
                                                                                                          i
       and following years in order          i                                  i                         i
                                                                                                          1
       to "reimburse" the appro-              !                      3,3*      J     3.3»                !
       priations granted for the              !                                1                         !
       "ronds d'avanc©-                      i                                  •                         i
                                                                               •                          i
                                                                               •
                                                                               i                         i
                                                                                                          i
       Keceipts used to created              i                                 1                         :
       supplementary appropriations-          !                                !                         i
       for specific expenditure on            !     7.8              8,0*      1    14.0»
       individual contracts with             J                                 I
       third part ies                        ;
                                                                                                  27-24 J
TOTAL HkCEIPTS                               •    11.4      !/I/ 28,0          J    40.0     !     68   ;
                                                                                                         1
                                                                               i            <
                                                                               i             i
                                                                               1             1
      Appropriations granted                 !                                 !             i
       ror p«r>>onn«l°, infrastructure !                                       i
                                                                                i            i
                                                                                             t
      and overhead expenditure               ',    10,8     !      9-12        1    19-22    |     p.m. ;
      which were not u$.«.;d and             !                                 i
                                                                               i
                                                                                             »
                                                                                             •
      t.irtfBfore cancelled                  J                                               i
                                                                                             •
                                                                                             t
                                                                                             i
                                                                                             i
TA^GST WORK FOR THIRD      PARTIES                                                 59-62    |       68   :
                                                                                             *
                                                                               i             i
                                                                               i             i
         jiuding recoigt^ in future years (1992, etc) resulting from contract*
      2,;n0a during th* period 1988-91.
                                                                                             95
 ---pagebreak---                                                                 Fiche financière N° 4 page 1
                             FICHE FINANCIERE N° 4:
                             Exploitation du réacteur HFR
1.  Intitulé de l'action:
    Voir ci-dessus.
2.  Lignes budgétaires concernées:
    B6.11       personnel (en partie);
    6220        recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et destinées au
                remboursement de crédits inscrits à l'état des dépenses;
    6221         recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et donnant lieu à
                 l'ouverture de crédits supplémentaires.
3.  Base légale:
    Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994, Programme complémetaire
    (le Royaume des Pays Bas et la République Fédérale d'Allemagne)
     1992-1995.
4.   Description de l'action:
    4.1. Exploitation du réacteur à haut flux (HFR) de l'Institut des Matériaux
           de Petten pour les besoins des 2 gouvernements concernés.
     4.2. Durée:
           Exercices 1992-94. (Le programme complémentaire est pour le
           période 1992-1995 bien que la programmation financière porte
           seulement sur les trois premières années).
     4.3. Population visée par l'action:
           Les gouvernements du Royaume des Pays Bas et de la République
           Fédérale d'Allemagne.
 5.  Classification de la dépense ou des recettes:
     5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).
     5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).
     5.3. Types de recettes visées:
                  ressources propres de la Communauté;
                  recettes tiers.
 6.  La nature de la dépense:
     Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvres pour l'exploitation du
      HFR.
                                                                                    86
 ---pagebreak---                                                                           Fiche financière N° 4 page 2
    7.      Incidence financière:
            7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action:
                         prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
                         économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
                         Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;
                         prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
                         techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;
                         évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
                         programmes de recherches (dépenses directes p o u r
                         fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).
                   Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses envisagées
                   pour cette activité.
                                        Programme CCR 1992-94
                                         Moyens de réalisation
                             Infrastructure    Support                     Crédits
  Activité       Personnel                                    Total                      TOTAL
                              ad m in./tech. Scient/techn.              opérationnels
Exploitation
                  20.591.428      3.574.891     34.780.435   38.355.326    10.053.000    68.999.754
du HFR
                   Il est à noter que le calcul de l'incidence financière a été mené en
                   tenant compte d'une contribution en nature fournie par le
                   Gouvernement néerlandais évaluée à 7,5 Mio écus en 3 ans.
                   Compte tenu de cette contribution en nature la participation
                   financière de chacun des 2 gouvernements concernés est de 50 %.
                   Les dépenses de personnel donnent lieu à remboursement du budget
                   général.
             7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme:
                   Sans objet.
             7.3. Programmation indicative.
     8.      Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:
             Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
             dans les quatre centres du CCR.
     9.      Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:
          • Eléments d'analyse coût efficacité de la responsabilité du Comité inter-
             gouvernemental de Gestion du HFR.
                                                                                            97
 ---pagebreak---                                    PROGRAMME              C.C.R.          1992-94
        ACTIVITE                                   MOYENS 0E REALISATION
                                          Infrastructure Support            Total            crédit»               TOTAL
                          Personnel       adaln./techn. scient./techn.                    opérationnels
                                                                                                            ;               ——!
  MATERIAUX                 49.306.812         8.027.726       1.639.471      9.667.197       6.366.000 j          65.340.009
i ENVIRONNENT TRAVAIL!        8.073.477        1.322.509 1        207.524     1.530.033       2.277.000 |          11.880.510
1                     •
                      r                 .                 •
   MESURES i ESSAIS   '     53.688.813 1      10.012.396 1    11.561.275    21.573.671       13.837.000 |          89.099.484
1                                                         !
;
                                                                          i
   ENVIRONNEMENT       |    99.207.976 j      16.513.872 1     3.832.520 |  20.346.392       28.945.000 1 148.499.368
                       1                ;                   ,             i                           • • •   '                 \
                                                                                                            !
! FISSION                   97.480.344        18.436.924 i    23.813.932 i   42.250.856      24.609.000           164.340.200
   FUSION                   25.996.697         4.591.464       5.205.721      9.797.185        4.796.000 i         40.589.882
   CAPITAL HUMAIN             3.087.557        4.508.344           29.726     4.538.070       17.124.000 !          24.749.627
                                                                                         4-
  Total Prog. Cadre        336.841.676 j      63.413.235 '    46.290.169    109.703.404      97.954.000 :         544.499.080 '
   SUPPORT COMMISSION ! 108.278.832           18.285.928 <      8.084.742    26.370.670 '     55.351.000          190.000.502
                        1
   PRESTATIONS TIERS i       34.068.064         5.837.027       3.728.573      9.565.600 J    24.367.000 i          68.000.664
                                                                                          1                     ,
  Total CCR en 8udget I    479.188.572 ,      87.536.190 !     58.103.484   145.639.674 ;    177.672.000           302.500.246
    EXPLOITATION OU HFR!     20.591.428         3.574.891      34.780.435     38.255.326       10.053.000           68.999.754
  Total général CCR         499.780.000        91.111.081      92.883.919 :  183.995.J00 '   187.725.000           871.500.000
                                                                                                                         88
 ---pagebreak---                                             PROGRAM* OU CENTRE COMMUN OE RECHERCHE 1992-1994.
                                                 ECHEANCIER PlURIANNUEL OES ENGAGEMENTS
                                                                                Crédits d*engageront
 • Croître                            Intitulé                                  Program» 1992-1994
 ; irri:'.a
; Poite                            Activité**                           1992       1993      1994     Total
 i 36-3        CENTRE COMMUN OE RECHERCHE!
             'PROGRAMME CADRE 1992-1994
   96-31    | TECHNOLOGIES DIFFUSATES
   36.312   'Technologies industriel le* e t dtt meter1au*
   36.3121  i Tecnnologiet industrielles et des netéHtux                25.061     25.563    26.557   77.221
   36-3122  ; Mesures et e s t a i t                                    27.796     29.743    31.561   89.100
            i    Total de l ' a r t i c l e 86-312                      52.877     53.328    58.116  156.321
| 36-32     [GESTION OES RESSOURCES NATURELLES
I
I B8-321    jEnvironnement
| 36-3211   | Environnement                                             46.049     a . 735   51.715  146.499
I
! 36.323 |Energie
| 86-3232 j Sûreté de la fission nucléaire                              56.460     52.767    55.073  164.340
: 86.3233 | Put ion tnermonucléâlrt contrôlée                           12.674     13.511    14.206   40.590
            | Total dt l'article 86-323                                117.403    115.033   120.993  353.429
   86.33    (VALORISATION OES RESSOURCES INTELLECTUELLES
   86-331   | Capital hum In e t m o b i l i t é                         7.920      8.217     6.813   24.750
   36.35    iRECHERCHÉ EXPLORATOIRE
   36*351   | Recherche e x p l o r a t o i r e                           pm           pm       pm       pm
            j TOTAL, QV MQÇRAMMf ÇAflK g j Ç.ÇR,,                      178.200    176.576   187.724  544.500
            ; CENTRE COMMUN OC RECHERCHEl
            |ACTIONS O'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OC SUPPORT
            I
l 86-42     |SUPPORT S/T AUX AUTRES DIRECTIONS GENERALES                SS.617     66.606    67.577  190.000
I           I
| 86-43                                                                 21.437     22.747    23.816   66.000
            'PRESTATIONS POUR LE CCMPTC OC TIERS
I
I 86-44     I                                                           20.864     22.977    25.139   69.000
            '.EXPLOITATION OU REACT .A A HAUT FLUX
               TOTAL ACTIONS D'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OE SUPPORT I            96.136   U2.330    116.532  327.000
             1 TOTAL WflAL. K m              CQMffltt QC MfflBffll    I 2".33S 290.906      304.256  671,500
                                                                                                             99
 ---pagebreak--- STATEMENT OF IMPACT
 ON COMPETITIVENESS
  AND EMPLOYMENT
                    100
 ---pagebreak---                                          1-
1. The main reason for introducing the measure
   The proposed EEC and EAEC specific programmes constitute a contribution
   to the implementation of the Third Framework Programme for Community
   Research and Technological Development (1990-1992) in those fields, where
   the JRC can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for t h e
   benefit of all Community policies. This applies notably to prenormative
   research in the fields of materials, w o r k i n g e n v i r o n m e n t , reference
   measurements and methods in non-nuclear and nuclear areas, t o
   environmental research and to research on nuclear and industrial safety.
   Finally, the human capital and mobility scheme will provide training f o r
   around 200 young researchers annually in the JRC, collaborating w i t h
   national laboratories.
2. Features of the business in question
   The programmes by their very nature are deemed to be of interest to a wide
   range of businesses, including small and medium sized ones. In relevant
   areas of mutual interest, active collaboration for achieving the programme
   objectives will be sought w i t h industry throughout the Community.
3. Obligations imposed on business
   In general, no direct obligations are foreseen following the implementation
   of the proposed Council Decisions. Industries possibly e n t e r i n g i n t o
   collaboration agreements with the JRC related to the execution of part of
   the programmes will satisfy obligations under such agreements.
4. Indirect obligations likely to be imposed on business by national, regional
   or local authorities
   None are envisaged.
5. Special provisions in respect of SME's
   The JRC will - as in the past - endeavour, through the appropriate channels
   and schemes, to make the results of its research under the programmes
   available to small and medium-sized enterprises. Such enterprises are users
   of the JRC research installations and execute projects for the exploitation of
   JRC research.
   Finally, the JRC for the general operation of its geographical sites in many
   areas, draws upon the services provided by small and medium-sized firms.
6. Likely effects o n :
   a)    The competitiveness of business
         The research envisaged under the proposed programmes possesses
         chiefly a prenormative dimension, and its outcome should lead to the
         setting up of further norms, standards and codes of practice in several
         areas of industry, business and societal affairs, including the protection
         of the human and natural environments. The overall effect is a
         contribution to the further fostering of the large internal market of
                                                                                      101
 ---pagebreak---                                          2-
         the Community and thereby an addition to the measures for the
         increase of the competitivity of industry and other businesses. The
         prenormative research, both long and short-term, will inter alia lead to
         new technological developments of industrial interest and to the
         provision of new instrumentation for correctly gauging compliance to
         norms, standards and regulations set by European or international
         standardization bodies, as well as national or Community regulatory
         authorities. The development and access of industry to such
         instrumentation (ranging from large scale test and experimental
         facilities to reference materials for numerous purposes) will contribute
         to quality, reliability and safety of products and processes, and thus to
         the competitiveness of business and industry.
   b)    Employment
         In addition to the jobs provided by the JRC on its four geographical
         sites housing the scientific Institutes, the housing of 2000 staff and
         their families, young researchers under training, scientific visitors and
         seconded national experts, the staff of the European schools and local
         services, have an important social aspect extending well beyond the
         research activities and their supporting services. The highly diversified
         demands for services and consumer goods from the entire JRC-related
         population has led, in fact, and continues to lead to the creation and
         maintaining of jobs, both in the local communities around the JRC sites
         and more widely throughout Europe. The increasing efforts of
         associating JRC research with similar national research has likewise on
         national grounds, led to the creation of new jobs specifically concerned
         with the collaboration with the JRC. This trend may accelerate with
         the proposals for the JRC programmes for 1992-1994.
         In a broader context, there are examples of the results obtained at the
         JRC leading to new initiatives either in existing firms or in the creation
         of new firms: this obviously tends to create new jobs. This trend will
         continue, with the Centre more and more closely oriented to the needs
         of European industry and operating in collaboration with it.
7. Consultation of representative organisations
   The proposed EEC and EAEC programmes will be submitted to the Economic
   and Social Committee for opinion and the EAEC programmes likewise to the
   Scientific and Technical Committee. During preparation of the programmes,
   close contact has been maintained, notably tor the prenormative dimension,
   with the Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee.
   The programme proposals are elaborated in a long-lasting dialogue with the
   JRC Board of Governors and discussed or to be discussed with the relevant
   committees for the Shared Cost Action programmes belonging to the same
   lines of the Framework Programme as the JRC programmes.
   Finally, the programmes which will be executed by the JRC scientific
   institutes are included in the standing consultations with the Institute
   Advisory Boards for the JRC Institutes, as well as the JRC Scientific
   Committee.
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                                                              COM(91) 281 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                              15
                                Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-333-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-74732-3
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