CELEX: 52013PC0817
Language: en
Date: 2013-11-22
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of peroxosulphates (persulphates) originating in the People's Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009

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		52013PC0817
		
			Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of peroxosulphates (persulphates) originating in the People's Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 /* COM/2013/0817 final - 2013/0404 (NLE) */
			
				
		
		
			
			   	EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
 Context of the proposal 
   || Grounds for and objectives of the proposal This proposal concerns the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community (‘the basic Regulation’), in the expiry review proceeding concerning the anti-dumping duty in force in respect of imports of persulphates originating in the People's Republic of China (‘the PRC’). || 
   || General context This proposal is made in the context of the implementation of the basic Regulation and is the result of an investigation which was carried out in line with the substantive and procedural requirements laid out in the basic Regulation. 
   || Existing provisions in the area of the proposal By Regulation (EC) No 1184/2007[1] the Council imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of persulphates originating in the PRC. The measures took the form of an ad valorem duty at the level of 71.8%. Individual anti-dumping duty rates were granted to two Chinese exporters (0% and 24.5% respectively). 
   || Consistency with other policies and objectives of the Union Not applicable. 
 Consultation of interested parties and impact assessment 
   || Consultation of interested parties 
   || Interested parties concerned by the proceeding have had the possibility to defend their interests during the investigation, in line with the provisions of the basic Regulation. 
   || Collection and use of expertise 
   || There was no need for external expertise. 
   || Impact assessment This proposal is the result of the implementation of the basic Regulation. The basic Regulation does not provide for a general impact assessment but contains an exhaustive list of conditions that have to be assessed. 
 Legal elements of the proposal 
   || Summary of the proposed action On 10 October 2012, the Commission announced by a notice published in the Official Journal of the European Union[2], the initiation of an expiry review of the anti-dumping measures applicable to imports of persulphates originating in the PRC. The review was initiated following a substantiated request lodged by two European producers (RheinPerChemie GmbH&Co. KG and United Initiators GmbH&Co. KG) representing 100% of the total Union production of persulphates. The review investigation found likelihood of recurrence of dumping and injury should anti-dumping measures be lifted. It was further established that the maintenance of measures was not against the interest of the Union. Therefore, it is suggested that the Council adopts the attached proposal for a Regulation, which should be published in the Official Journal of the European Union by 9 January 2014 at the latest, in order to prolong the existing measures. 
   || Legal basis Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community. 
   || Subsidiarity principle The proposal falls under the exclusive competence of the European Union. The subsidiarity principle therefore does not apply. 
   || Proportionality principle The proposal complies with the proportionality principle for the following reasons: 
   || The form of action is described in the above-mentioned basic Regulation and leaves no scope for national decision. 
   || Indication of how financial and administrative burden falling upon the Union, national governments, regional and local authorities, economic operators and citizens is minimized and proportionate to the objective of the proposal is not applicable. 
   || Choice of instruments 
   || Proposed instruments: regulation. 
   || Other means would not be adequate for the following reason: The basic Regulation does not provide for alternative options. 
 Budgetary implication 
   || The proposal has no implication for the Union budget. 
2013/0404 (NLE)
Proposal for a
COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION
imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on
imports of peroxosulphates (persulphates) originating in the People's Republic
of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Council
Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No
1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from
countries not members of the European Community [3]
('the basic Regulation'), and in particular Article 9(4) and 11(2), (5) and (6)
thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the
European Commission ('Commission') after consulting the Advisory Committee,
Whereas:
A. PROCEDURE
1.           Measures in force
(1)       Regulation (EC) No 1184/2007[4] imposed
a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of persulphates originating in the
People’s Republic of China (‘the PRC’), Taiwan and the United States of America (“the original investigation” and “the original measures”). The measures with
regard to the PRC took the form of an ad valorem duty of 71,8% for all
companies except two Chinese exporting producers to whom individual duties were
granted.
2.           Initiation of an expiry
review
(2)       On
10 October 2012, the Commission announced by a notice (‘Notice of initiation’)[5], published in the Official Journal of the European Union,
the initiation of an expiry review of the anti-dumping measures applicable to
imports of persulphates originating in the PRC.
(3)       The review was initiated
following a substantiated request lodged by two European producers,
RheinPerChemie GmbH&Co. KG and United Initiators GmbH&Co. KG (‘the
applicants’), representing 100% of the total Union production of persulphates.
(4)       The request was based on
the grounds that the expiry of the measures would be likely to result in a recurrence
of dumping and injury to the Union industry.
3.           Investigation
3.1.        Review investigation period
and period considered
(5)       The investigation of a continuation
or recurrence of dumping covered the period from 1 October 2011 to 30 September
2012 (‘the review investigation period’ or ‘RIP’). The examination of the
trends relevant for the assessment of the likelihood of a continuation or
recurrence of injury covered the period from 1 January 2009 to the end of the
RIP (‘the period considered’).
3.2.        Parties concerned by the
investigation
(6)       The Commission officially
advised the applicants, exporting producers in the PRC, unrelated importers and
users known to be concerned, producers in the potential analogue countries and
the representatives of the PRC of the initiation of the expiry review.
Interested parties were given the opportunity to make their views known in
writing and to request a hearing within the time limit set out in the Notice of
initiation.
(7)       In view of the potentially
large number of exporting producers in the PRC and unrelated importers in the Union involved in the investigation, sampling was envisaged in the Notice of Initiation, in
accordance with Article 17 of the basic Regulation. In order to enable the
Commission to decide whether sampling would be necessary and, if so, to select
a sample, the above parties were invited, under Article 17 of the basic
Regulation, to make themselves known within 15 days of the publication of the
notice of initiation and to provide the Commission with the information
requested in the Notice of initiation.
(8)       None of the importers made
itself known. 
(9)       Only one exporting
producer from the PRC replied to the questionnaire. Therefore, it was not
necessary to select a sample of exporting producers.
(10)     The Commission sent
questionnaires to all parties known to be concerned and to those who made
themselves known within the deadlines set in the Notice of initiation. Replies
were received from two Union producers, one exporting producer in the PRC and
one producer in Turkey, considered as a potential analogue country.
(11)     The Commission sought and
verified all the information it deemed necessary for the determination of the
likelihood of a continuation or recurrence of dumping and resulting injury and
of the Union interest. Verification visits were carried out at the premises of
the following companies: 
(a)         
Union producers 
–              
RheinPerChemie GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
–              
United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
(b)         
Exporting producer in the PRC
United Initiators (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai[6]
B. PRODUCT CONCERNED AND LIKE
PRODUCT
(12)     The product concerned is
the same as that covered by the original investigation , namely peroxosulphates
(persulphates), including potassium peroxymonosulphate sulphate (‘product
concerned’), currently falling within CN codes 2833 40 00 and ex 2842 90 80.
(13)     The product concerned is
used as an initiator or as an oxidising agent in a number of applications. Some
examples include its use as polymerisation initiator in the production of
polymers, as an etching agent in the production of printed circuit boards, in
hair cosmetics, in textile desizing, in paper manufacturing as a denture
cleanser and as a disinfectant. 
(14)     The investigation confirmed
that, as in the original investigation, the product concerned and that
manufactured and sold on the domestic market of the PRC, as well as that
produced and sold by the Union industry on the Union market have the same basic
physical and technical characteristics and the same basic uses and are
therefore considered to be alike within the meaning of Article 1(4) of the
basic Regulation.
C.
LIKELIHOOD OF A CONTINUATION OR RECURRENCE OF DUMPING
1.           General remarks
(15)     In accordance with Article
11(2) of the basic Regulation, it was examined whether dumping was currently
taking place and whether dumping was likely to continue or recur upon a
possible expiry of the measures in force on certain imports from the PRC.
(16)     As explained in recital (9), only one Chinese exporting
producer cooperated in the investigation and it did not export the product
concerned to the Union during
the RIP. As mentioned below in recital (22) and as explained in detail in
recitals (51) to (53), the investigation showed that basically all imports from
the PRC during the RIP were made by one exporter which was found not to be
dumping in the original investigation, and which is not subject to the current
review. Hence, no dumping analysis could be done in this case.
2.           Development of imports in
case the measures are repealed
(17)     In order to assess the
likelihood of recurrence of dumping, the information provided by the
cooperating Chinese exporting producer, the information collected in accordance
with Article 18 of the basic Regulation and facts available with regard to the
non-cooperating exporting producers were taken into account. The facts
available were found in the request for the expiry review, in the information
published in the framework of an expiry review initiated in March 2013 by the
United States of America (USA)[7],
in the statistics available to the Commission i.e. the monthly data transmitted
by Member States under Article 14 (6) of the basic Regulation ("the 14.6
database”) and in the Eurostat import data.
(a)              
Prices and volume of imports into the Union from the PRC and other third countries
(18)     The data available in the
investigation showed that basically all imports from the PRC during the RIP were
made by one Chinese exporter which was not found to be dumping in the original
investigation[8]. These imports are thus not subject to anti-dumping measures. The prices of these imports remained below the Union industry prices
during that period.
(19)     Despite the fact that
Chinese import prices into the Union increased by 29% in the period considered,
they were still low and were undercutting the price of the Union industry
during the RIP. The sales prices of the Union industry in the Union market also
increased but at a less pronounced rate of 7%.
(20)     The
sole co-operating Chinese exporter which is subject to the current anti-dumping
measures was not exporting the product concerned to the Union during the RIP. However, the investigation
showed that it was exporting at dumped prices to third country markets and that
its prices were even lower than those of the current imports from the PRC in
the Union market. This is an indication that exporters in China are continuing to practice dumping and that their prices are low.
(21)     The Union market roughly
consists of imports from three countries: China, Turkey and the USA, each representing between 8% and 10% of market share and two Union producers with a
market share of around 65 to 75%. The investigation showed that the USA continued to be present on the Union market and represented around one third of total
imports during the RIP. The US import prices were on average 10% above the
import prices from the PRC. This finding, combined with the observed
undercutting of the Union industry’s prices, indicates that the Chinese imports
continued to exercise a downward pressure on the sales prices in the Union.
(22)     As mentioned above in
recital (18), Chinese imports during the RIP were made by one exporter which
was found not to be dumping in the original investigation. Between 2009 and the RIP, the volume of these imports increased by
24% and the corresponding market share increased from 8% to 9,6% of total Union
consumption in the same period.
(23)     It
is noteworthy to recall that in the years 1995 to 2001 anti-dumping measures
were imposed against persulphates from the PRC. As these measures were repealed,
import volume from the PRC increased from less than 200 tonnes in 2001 to more
than 4000 tons in 2003 and more than doubled to almost 9000 tons in 2006. In
other words, Chinese imports took more than 20% of the Union market in few
years. Over the period 2003-2006, whilst consumption increased by 7%, Chinese
market share doubled. This shows that Chinese exporters are able to take
considerable market share in the Union market in the absence of anti-dumping
measures.
(24)     In view of the above facts
and considerations, in particular the Chinese reaction to the repeal of the
measures in the Union market in 2001, the level of Chinese prices during the RIP
and the continued dumping practices in third country markets, it is considered
that there is a likelihood that in the short term low-priced Chinese imports
would resume in large quantities into the Union market should the current
measures be repealed. 
(b)              
Pricing behaviour of Chinese producers on
other export markets
(25)     As mentioned in recital (16)
above, the cooperating Chinese company did not export to the Union during the
RIP, and it was not possible to compare its normal values on the domestic
market with export prices to the Union. It was however assessed, as mentioned
in recital (24) above, whether the company’s exports to third countries were
made at dumped prices during the RIP. Since the company was granted MET in the
original investigation, normal values were established based on its own data.
(26)     For the three types of the
product concerned for which domestic sales were representative and made in the
ordinary course of trade, average normal values were established on the basis
of the prices paid by independent customers in the domestic market. For one
type, normal value had to be constructed based on the cost of production, in
accordance with Article 2(3) of the basic Regulation. The company’s cost of
manufacturing, selling, general and administrative costs (SG&A) and profit
achieved on the domestic sales made in the ordinary course of trade in
accordance with Article 2(6) of the basic Regulation were used to establish the
normal value of that type.
(27)     The comparison between the
normal weighted average value and the weighted average export price, on an
ex-works basis to third countries established on the basis of the reported and
verified data, showed a weighted average dumping margin of 9,4
(28)     With regard to pricing behaviour, the existence of the anti-dumping
measures in India and in the USA is also a clear indication of dumping
practices by Chinese exporting producers on other markets.
(c)              
Attractiveness of the Union market
(29)     The investigation showed
that the cooperating Chinese company exported to a wide variety of third
countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan,  Thailand and the United Arab Emirates. The exports prices of the cooperating
Chinese company to third markets were thus compared to the level of Union
industry sales prices and the import price for the PRC during the RIP in the
Union market. This comparison showed that the cooperating Chinese exporter was significantly
undercutting, up to 40%, the prices of the Union industry during the RIP.
(30)     This analysis shows on the
one hand, that prices in the Union market are higher and thus very attractive,
and, on the other, that prices offered by other Chinese exporter are lower than
the current Chinese import price in the Union market.
(31)     It is also noteworthy that the
normal values of the cooperating company during the RIP were generally lower
than Union industry sales prices. This confirms the attractiveness of the Union
market as it would clearly generate higher profits for Chinese producers. The
low price level in China does not seem to be based on any other ground than the
abundant capacity and offer of the product concerned
(32)     As mentioned above in
recital (28), certain third country markets, such as the USA and India, have become less attractive for Chinese exporters due to the existence of
anti-dumping measures. Additionally, in relative terms, the other third country
markets were found to operate at lower price levels than in the Union market. With
regard to other third country markets, not under
measures, they are already supplied by companies that are present in those
markets, thus any spare capacity in the PRC would likely be used for exports to
the Union market.
(33)     Based on the above, it is
expected that Chinese imports would resume in larger volumes and exercise more
price pressure on the Union market should the current measures be lifted.
(d)              
Production capacity and excess capacity
available for exports
(34)     In
accordance with Article 18 of the basic Regulation, in the absence of other
information available, the analysis of the spare capacity in the PRC was based
on the facts available, namely the limited information provided by the
cooperating Chinese exporting producer on the market situation in the PRC, by
the Union industry and from publicly available information at the level of 5
main producers identified in the PRC and data collected at initiation stage.
The information delivered by these sources was found to be consistent.
(35)     Based
on this information, it is assumed that more than 100 thousand tonnes of
production capacity is available in the PRC, which represents around three
times the volume of Union consumption during the RIP.
(36)     Based on the capacity
utilisation rate of the cooperating producer, it was concluded that there are
potentially significant capacities available in the PRC which could be used to
increase production and re-directed it to the Union market in case the
anti-dumping measures would be allowed to lapse.
(e)              
Conclusion on the likelihood of
recurrence of dumping
(37)     In
view of the above, it was considered that there is a likelihood that dumping
would recur if the current measures were allowed to lapse. In particular the level
of the normal values established in China, the dumping behaviour of the
cooperating producer in third country markets, the existence of anti-dumping
measures against Chinese exporters in India and the USA, the attractiveness of
the Union market compared to other markets and the availability of significant production
capacity in the PRC point to a likelihood of recurrence of dumping in case the
current measures are repealed. 
D. SITUATION ON THE UNION MARKET 
1.           Definition of the Union
industry 
(38)     The
current investigation confirmed that persulphates are manufactured only by two
producers in the Union. They
constitute 100% of total Union production during the RIP. Both producers supported
the review request and cooperated with the investigation.
(39)     These two companies thus constitute
the Union industry within the meaning of Article 4(1) and 5(4) of the basic
Regulation and will hereafter be referred to as the 'Union industry'.
2.           Preliminary remark 
(40)     To
protect confidentiality under Article 19 of the basic Regulation the data relating
to the two Union producers is presented in indexed form or in ranges.
(41)     Information on imports have
been analysed at CN code level for the three main types of the like product,
ammonium persulphate, sodium persulphate, potassium persulphate, on TARIC code
level for the fourth type, potassium peroxymonosulphate. The analysis of
imports was supplemented by data collected under Article 14(6) of the basic
Regulation.
3.           Union Consumption
(42)     Union consumption was
established on the basis of the sales volume of the Union industry on the Union
market, and import data from Eurostat, at CN code and TARIC
code level.
(43)     Union consumption in the
RIP was slightly higher than at the beginning of the period considered. There
was an increase of 22% noted between 2009 and 2010 but further on the
consumption steadily decreased by around 18%.
   Table 1 
 Consumption 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Consumption (tonnes) || 25 000 – 35 000 || 35 000 – 45 000 || 35 000 – 45 000 || 25 000 – 35 000 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 122 || 114 || 103 
 Source: Questionnaire replies, Eurostat, Article 14(6) database   
4.           Volume, Prices and market
share of imports from the PRC
(44)     The
volumes and market shares of imports from the PRC were analysed on the basis of
Eurostat and the data collected in accordance with Article 14(6) of the basic
Regulation.
(45)     Comparison
of the above mentioned databases indicates that all imports from the PRC originate
from the one company which was found not to be dumping in the original
investigation. As a consequence the market share of the dumped imports from the
PRC and its prices evolution cannot be analysed.
(46)     Furthermore, since the Chinese exporting producers under anti-dumping
measures did not export the product concerned to the Union during the RIP, it was not possible to
calculate price undercutting for the PRC.
5.           Imports from other third countries
(47)     The volume of imports and prices and market share from
other countries during the period considered is shown in the table below. They were
established on the basis of statistical information provided at CN code and TARIC
code level. Due to confidentiality as explained in
recital (40) above the market share figures are disclosed in an indexed form.
 Table 2 
 Imports from other third countries 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP || 
 Turkey ||   ||   ||   ||   || 
 Volume of imports (tonnes) || 2,326 || 3,002 || 2,360 || 3,026 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 129 || 101 || 130 || 
 Price EUR / tonne || 1,137 || 1,010 || 1,130 || 1,158 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 89 || 99 || 102 || 
 Market share Index || 100 || 106 || 89 || 126 || 
 USA ||   ||   ||   ||   || 
 Volume of imports (tonnes) || 3,662 || 3,951 || 4,156 || 2,556 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 108 || 114 || 70 || 
 Price EUR / tonne || 1,053 || 1,170 || 1,201 || 1,099 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 111 || 114 || 104 || 
 Market share Index || 100 || 88 || 100 || 68 || 
 Other third countries ||   ||   ||   ||   || 
 Volume of imports (tonnes) || 1652 || 1605 || 1420 || 1105 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 97 || 86 || 67 || 
 Price EUR / tonne || 1443 || 1518 || 1605 || 1738 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 105 || 111 || 120 || 
 Market share Index || 100 || 80 || 76 || 65 || 
 Total third countries ||   ||   ||   ||   || 
 Volume of imports (tonnes) || 7640 || 8558 || 7936 || 6687 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 112 || 104 || 88 || 
 Price EUR / tonne || 1,163 || 1,179 || 1,252 || 1,231 || 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 101 || 108 || 106 || 
 Market share Index || 100 || 92 || 91 || 85 || 
 Source: Eurostat and Taric || 
 (48)     Import volumes from other third countries into the Union market decreased by around 12% during the period considered, and the average price increased by 6% over the same period. The market share lost by other third countries was taken over partly by the Chinese imports and the Union industry. During the same period the Union industry increased its prices on average by 7% as stated in recital (64) below.   
6.           Economic situation of the
Union industry
6.1.        Preliminary
remarks
(49)     Pursuant to Article 3(5) of
the basic Regulation, the Commission examined all economic factors and indices
having a bearing on the state of the Union industry.
6.2.        Production, production capacity and capacity utilisation
(50)     The Union industry’s production increased significantly during the period considered. This increase
was the most pronounced between 2009 and 2010 when production increased by 32
percentage points. It remained stable afterwards, decreasing slightly between
2011 and the RIP.
 Table 3 
 Total Union production 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Production (tonnes) || 20 000 – 30 000 || 25 000 – 35 000 || 25 000 – 35 000 || 25 000 – 35 000 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 132 || 135 || 125 
 Source: Questionnaire replies   
(51)     Production
capacity remained stable during the period considered. As production increased
in the period 2009-2011,
capacity utilisation showed an overall increase of 34%. This trend changed in
the RIP because the decrease in production also resulted in a decrease in capacity
utilization by 6 percentage points as shown below:
 Table 4 
 Production capacity and capacity utilisation 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Production capacity (tonnes) || 35 000 – 45 000 || 35 000 – 45 000 || 35 000 – 45 000 || 35 000 – 45 000 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 101 || 101 || 101 
 Capacity utilisation || 60% || 79% || 81% || 75% 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 131 || 134 || 124 
 Source: Questionnaire replies 
6.3.        Stocks
(52)     Although the level of
closing stocks of the Union industry increased substantially between 2009 and the
RIP its level remains relatively low with regard to production level.
 Table 5 
 Closing stock 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Closing stock (tonnes) || 500 – 1 500 || 1000 – 2000 || 2 000 – 3 000 || 1 500 – 2 500 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 144 || 227 || 184 
Source: Questionnaire replies
6.4.        Sales volume
(53)     The sales volume of the
Union industry on the Union market to unrelated customers followed the trend of consumption with a peak in
2010 and then a decreasing trend in the following years, until the end of the
RIP. Over the period considered it increased by 6%.
 Table 6 
 Sales to unrelated customers 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Volume (tonnes) || 15 000 – 25 000 || 20 000 – 30 000 || 20 000 – 30 000 || 15 000 – 25 000 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 122 || 113 || 106 
Source: Questionnaire replies
6.5.        Market share
(54)     As
sales volumes to the Union followed
the trend of consumption, the Union industry market share remained relatively stable
in the period considered.
 Table 7 
 Union market share 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Union industry market share || 65% - 75% || 65% - 75% || 65% - 75% || 65% - 75% 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 100 || 100 || 103 
Source: Questionnaire replies, Eurostat and Taric
6.6.        Growth
(55)     As explained above, the growth in consumption in the Union was limited to
3 percentage points during the period considered. The Union industry managed to
slightly increase its sales volumes and market share during the same period.
6.7.        Employment and productivity
(56)     The level of employment of the Union industry remained stable
between 2009 and the RIP. However, the productivity per employee, measured as
output in tonne per employee, increased visibly in this period in line with
production trend. Detailed data is shown below:
 Table 8 
 Total Union employment and productivity 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Index of employees || 100 || 100 || 103 || 101 
 Index of productivity || 100 || 132 || 131 || 124 
Source: Questionnaire
replies
6.8.        Unit sales prices
(57)     Unit
sales prices of the Union industry to unrelated customers in the Union increased by 7% between 2009 and the RIP. This
7% increase in the average sales price of the Union industry can be explained
by the change in the product mix they were selling during the period
considered. This price, even taking into account the potential difference in
the product mix, was significantly higher than the price charged by the
cooperating Chinese producer for export to third countries.
 Table 9 
 Unit price of Union sales 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Unit price of Union sales (EUR/tonne) || 1 100 – 1 300 || 1 100 – 1 300 || 1 200 – 1 400 || 1 200 – 1 400 
 Index (2009=100) || 100 || 100 || 105 || 107 
Source: Questionnaire
replies
6.9.        Profitability
(58)     In
2009, profitability of the Union industry was close to breakeven. Subsequently,
in the period 2010 - RIP, profitability remained above 10%. The sudden jump in
the profitability index between 2009 and 2010 thus results from very low base
level in 2009 which was a critical year for the Union industry. In 2011 the high
profitability resulted from an extraordinary cost saving event, which will not
repeat itself in the future. This is already reflected in the decreased
profitability in the RIP, which continues to be the trend. 
 Table 10 
 Profitability 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Profitability Union sales Index (2009=100) || 100 || 2 400 || 3 336 || 1 854 
Source:
Questionnaire replies
6.10.      Investment and return on
investment
(59)     The investigation showed that the Union industry was able to keep high
level of investments in all the period considered.
(60)     Return on investment
followed closely the profitability trend in 2009 and 2011 being not
representative as explained in recital (58) above.
 Table 11 
 Investments and Return on Investment 
  Index (2009=100) || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Investments || 100 || 71 || 110 || 99 
 Return on investment || 100 || 3 166 || 4 647 || 2 455 
Source: Questionnaire
replies
6.11.      Cash flow and ability to
raise capital
(61)     The cash-flow, which affects
the ability of the industry to self-finance its activities, expressed as a
percentage of the turnover of the product concerned, followed a trend similar
to that of profitability. It significantly improved up to 2011 and decreased during
the RIP.
 Table 12 
 Cash flow 
   || 2009 || 2010 || 2011 || RIP 
 Cash flow Index (2009=100) || 100 || 288 || 381 || 172 
Source:
Questionnaire replies
6.12.      Wages
(62)     Whilst
the number of people employed by the Union industry remained stable, their
wages increased by 12% during the period considered.
6.13.      Magnitude of dumping margin
(63)     As explained above there were
no dumped imports from the PRC during the period considered, therefore the
magnitude of dumping margin could not be assessed.
6.14.      Recovery from past dumping
(64)     Taking into account the
absence of low-priced dumped imports from the PRC, the relatively high capacity
utilisation and the gain in market share achieved by the Union industry, its
level of profitability and the positive development of certain financial
indicators, it is concluded that the Union industry recovered from the effects
of past dumping during the period considered. The recovery is however recent
and a certain decline in various injury indicators such as profitability, cash
flow, return on investment and investment was observed in the Union market
during the RIP.
7.           Conclusion on the
situation of the Union industry
(65)     The
investigation showed that the imports of low-prices dumped products from the
PRC ceased on the Union market right after the imposition of the original
measures in 2007 and they were not present during the period considered or the
RIP. The imports from the PRC present on the Union market originate from the
sole Chinese producer found not to be dumping in the original investigation. This
allowed the Union industry to achieve high level of production, increase its sales
volume, average sales price, market share and profitability and to improve its
overall financial situation.
(66)     It is therefore concluded
that the Union industry did not suffer material injury during the RIP. Given
the decline in consumption and the deterioration in certain injury indicators
as described above during the RIP, the situation of the Union industry is still
vulnerable.
E. LIKELIHOOD OF RECURRENCE OF
INJURY
1.           Preliminary remarks
(67)     To assess
the likelihood of recurrence of injury if the measures were allowed to lapse,
the potential impact of the Chinese imports on the Union market and the Union
industry was analysed in accordance with Article
11(2) of the basic Regulation.
(68)     The analysis focused on the
spare capacity in the PRC and the behaviour of the Chinese exporters in the
third country markets and in the Union market.
2.           spare capacity in the PRC
(69)     According to the
information collected and verified during the investigation, it is estimated
that around 100 thousand tonnes of production capacity for the product
concerned is available in China. Furthermore, there are several small producers
dispersed in the country which make this figure even higher.
(70)     Due to the lack of
cooperation from Chinese exporters there is no data available indicating the
precise percentage of this capacity which is spare and which could be used for
exporting the product concerned to the Union market. However, the investigation
showed that the sole Chinese cooperating producer has a spare capacity of around
30%. Extrapolating this information to all Chinese companies would mean that a spare
capacity of more than 30 thousand tonnes currently exists in the PRC.
(71)     Based on the above, even if
the Chinese companies would not work at their full capacity, 20-25 thousand
tonnes of the product concerned would be available for export in the PRC. Given
the findings made and the conclusions reached in recitals (22) to (44) above,
it is clear that in case the measures would not be extended, the available spare
capacity in China will be intended to be exported to the Union market. This potential
additional export volume should be seen in the context of a Union consumption
of around 25 000-35 000 tonnes in the RIP.
3.           Export From the PRC
(72)     As mentioned in recital (20)
above, the investigation showed that Chinese exports to third countries were
made at dumped prices. Furthermore, the results of expiry reviews conducted by
the relevant authorities in the USA and in India led to the recommendation that
the anti-dumping measures in force on persulphates from the PRC should be
extended. In this situation it is expected that free production capacity of the
Chinese exporters will be mainly used to produce for export to the Union market
if the measures are allowed to lapse. As explained in recital (32) above, given
that the supply to other third country markets, not under measures, is already ensured
by companies that are present in those markets, any spare capacity available in
the PRC would likely be used to export the product concerned to the Union
market.
(73)     Taking into account past
dumping practice of Chinese exporters that led to the imposition of the
measures in force and their current dumping behaviour in third countries, it
can be concluded that these volumes of exports to the Union would be made at dumped
prices.
(74)     Moreover, as mentioned in
recital (23) above, it is recalled that in the years 1995 to 2001 anti-dumping measures
were imposed against export of persulphates from the PRC. As these measures
were not extended, imports from the PRC increased from less than 200 tonnes in
2001 to almost 10 thousand tonnes in 2006, and thus took more than 20% of the
Union market.
4.           Conclusion
(75)     In view of the findings of
the investigation, namely the spare capacity available in the PRC, the
continuation of Chinese dumping to the third countries, the limited ability of
the Chinese exporters to sell in other main third countries markets and their proven
ability to redirect export volumes to the Union market, it is considered that
the repeal of the measures would weaken the position of the Union industry in
their core market and the injury suffered would recur due to likely Chinese
imports at dumped prices. There are no reasons to believe that the improvement
of the performance of the Union industry due to the measures in force would
remain or strengthen if the measures were repealed. On the contrary, there are favourable
conditions for a likely shift of the Chinese imports to the Union market at
dumped prices and in considerable volumes and that would likely undermine the
positive developments in the Union market reached over the period considered. The
likely Chinese dumped imports would be able to exercise pressure on the Union
industry’s sales prices and make it lose market share and as a consequence
would negatively impact the Union industry’s financial performance which is
still vulnerable as explained in recital (66) above.
F. UNION INTEREST
1.           Introduction
(76)     In accordance with Article
21 of the basic Regulation, it was examined whether the maintenance of the
existing measures would be against the Union interest as a whole. The
determination of the Union interest was based on an appreciation of the various
interests involved, i.e. those of the Union industry, of importers and of
users. The interested parties were given the opportunity to make their views
known pursuant to Article 21(2) of the basic Regulation.
(77)     As this investigation is a
review of the existing measures, it allowed for assessment of any undue
negative impact of the existing anti-dumping measures on the interested parties.
2.           Interest of the Union
industry
(78)     It
was concluded in recital (70) above that the Union industry would be likely to
experience a serious deterioration of its situation in case the anti-dumping
measures were allowed to lapse. Therefore, the continuation of measures would
benefit the Union industry because the Union producers should be able to maintain
its sales volumes, market share, profitability and its overall positive economic
situation. By contrast, the discontinuation of the measures would seriously threaten
the viability of the Union industry because there are reasons to expect a shift
of the Chinese imports to the Union market at dumped
prices and in considerable volumes that would cause
recurrence of injury.
3.           Interest of users 
(79)     None
of the 44 contacted users replied to the questionnaire or cooperated. Users did
not cooperate in the original investigation either. In absence of interest from
users, it was concluded that measures would not be against the users’ interest
to maintain them. In addition, the investigation revealed that the impact of
the product concerned on the costs of downstream products is rather marginal
and the maintenance of the measures would not adversely impact the user
industry. The investigation also revealed that due to the nature of the product
as well as the several sources of supplies available on the market users can
easily switch suppliers.
4.           Interest of importers
(80)     None of the 14 contacted importers
replied to the questionnaire or cooperated. Importers did not cooperate in the
original investigation either. In absence of interest from importers, it was
concluded that it would not be against their interest to maintain measures. The
investigation revealed that importers can easily buy from different sources
that are currently available on the market, in particular from the Union
industry, US exporters and Chinese exporters selling at non-dumped prices.
5.           Conclusion
(81)     In view of the above, it is
concluded that there are no compelling reasons of Union interest against the
maintenance of the current anti-dumping measures.
G. ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES
(82)     All parties were informed
of the essential facts and considerations on the basis of which it was intended
to recommend that the existing measures be maintained. They were also granted a
period to submit comments subsequent to that disclosure. The submissions and
comments were duly taken into consideration where warranted.
(83)     It follows from the above
that, as provided for by Article 11(2) of the basic Regulation, the
anti-dumping measures applicable to imports of certain peroxosulphates (persulphates)
originating in the PRC, imposed by Council Regulation (EC) No 1184/2007 should
be maintained.
(84)     In order to minimise the
risk of circumvention due to the high difference in the duty rates, it is
considered that special measures are needed in this case to ensure the proper
application of the anti-dumping duties. These special measures, which only
apply to companies for which an individual duty rate is introduced, include the
following: the presentation to the customs authorities of the Member States of
a valid commercial invoice, which shall conform to the requirements set out in
the Annex to this Regulation. Imports not accompanied by such an invoice shall
be made subject to the residual anti-dumping duty applicable to all other
producers.
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
1.           A definitive anti-dumping
duty is hereby imposed on imports of peroxosulphates (persulphates), including
potassium peroxymonosulphate sulphate, currently falling within CN codes 2833
40 00 and ex 2842 90 80 (TARIC 2842 90 80 20) and originating in the People's
Republic of the China. 
2.           The rate of the definitive
anti-dumping duty applicable to the, net free-at-Union-frontier price, before
duty, of the products described in paragraph 1, and manufactured by the companies
listed below shall be as follows:
 Company || Anti-Dumping Duty || TARIC Additional Code 
 ABC Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai || 0,0 % || A820 
 United Initiators Shanghai Co., Ltd || 24,5 % || A821 
 All other companies || 71,8 % || A999 
3.           The application of the
individual duty rates specified for the companies mentioned in paragraph 2
shall be conditional upon presentation to the customs authorities of the Member
States of a valid commercial invoice, which shall conform to the requirements
set out in the Annex. If no such invoice is presented, the duty rate applicable
to “all other companies” shall apply.
4.           Unless otherwise
specified, the provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply.
Article 2
This Regulation shall enter into force on
the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the
European Union.
This
Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels,
                                                                       For
the Council
                                                                       The
President
[1]               OJ L 265, 11.10.2007, p. 1 
[2]               OJ C 305, 10.10.2012, p. 15 
[3]               OJ L 343, 22.12.2009, p. 51.
[4]               OJ L 265, 11.10.2007, p. 1.
[5]               OJ C 305, 10.10.2012, p. 15. 
[6]               It is recalled that under Regulation (EC) No
1184/2007 (OJ, 11.10.2007, L 265/1) which imposed a definitive anti-dumping
duty on imports of peroxosulphates originating in the People’s Republic of
China, Taiwan and the United States, the name of the company United Initiators
Shanghai Co., Ltd. was Degussa-AJ (Shanghai) Initiators Co., Ltd., Shanghai.
The change of name was due to the change of ownership in 2008. 
[7]               No. A-570-847 (Review)
[8]               The
company referred to in this Recital is not re-examined in the current expiry review
investigation since the original investigation established zero duty for this
company (Council Regulation No 1184/2007). 
ANNEX
to the
Proposal for a COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING
REGULATION
Imposing a definitive anti-dumping
duty on imports of peroxosulphates (persulphates) originating in the People's
Republic of China following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of
Council Regulation (EC) No 1225/2009

A declaration signed by an official of
the entity issuing the commercial invoice, in the following format, must appear
on the valid commercial invoice referred to in Article 1(3):
(1)        The name and function of the
official of the entity issuing the commercial invoice.
(2)        The following declaration:
"I, the undersigned, certify that the (volume) of
peroxosulphates sold for export to the
European Union covered by this invoice was manufactured by (company name and
address) (TARIC additional code) in the People’s Republic of China. I declare that the information provided in this invoice is complete and
correct."
Date and signature