CELEX: 51989PC0472
Language: en
Date: 1989-12-01
Title: PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON MUTUAL ACCEPTANCE OF PERSONNEL LICENCES FOR THE EXERCISE OF FUNCTIONS IN CIVIL AVIATION

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
                                             COM (89) 472 final
                                           Brussels, 1   December 1989
                            Proposal for a
                           COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
               on mutual acceptance of personnel licences
            for the exercise of functions in civil aviation
                      (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---                         -  A -
                                                  (LwJfVt/
PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON MUTUAL ACCEPTANCE OF
PERSONNEL LICENCES FOR THE EXERCISE OF FUNCTIONS IN CIVIL
                          AVIATION
                    EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
1 . The Treaty of Rome stipulates that the action to he taken
in pursuance of the objectives of the Community should
include inter alia the abolition of obstacles to freedom of
movement for persons, services and capital and the adoption
of a common transport policy.
2. Air Transport, being an integral part of the Community's
Transport System, is essential for the unhindered movements
of persons at intra-Community and international level. Its
further expansion depends i.a. also on the existence of
appropriately qualified and licenced personnel in sufficient
numbers to run present and future services.
3. However, demand and supply of personnel - especially for
certain staff categories such as pilots and air traffic
controllers - are not at present balanced throughout the
Community. This results in significant and acute shortages of
staff in some Member States. The need is therefore pressing
for increased personnel mobility to remedy this situation.
For the personnel itself this will mean the possibility of
pursuing their profession in a Member State other than that
in which they acquired their professional qualifications
thereby enhancing their job prospects.
4. Article 8A of the Treaty requires that urgent measures are
taken in order to realise the free movement of persons within
the Community before the end of 1992.
5. At present personnel mobility in aviation is extremely
limited due mainly to the existence of differences in
licencing requirements and to the virtual absence of
acceptance by Member States of licences issued by another
Member State.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 2 -
6. The Commission has for some time been considering this
issue. In fact the mutual recognition of licences for
aircrew and ground staff was included in the priority list
for air transport approved by the Council in June 1978. The
Commission had a first study carried out already in 1978
which i.a. examined the situation of the mobility of
personnel in civil aviation in the Community. The study
confirmed the existence of differences in licensing
requirements and the resulting lack of exchange of personnel
between European companies in this sector.
7. The Commission has successively underlined in its 2
Memoranda on civil aviation of 1979 and 1984 the need to find
a solution to this problem.
8. Furthermore the adoption of the air transport policy
package in December 1987 underlines the need for flexibility
and the establishment of free movement for labour. Action in
this field is intimately linked to the next step of the air
transport policy to be undertaken in 1990.
9. Consultations have been conducted with various
organisations in order to develop a proposal for a system for
the mutual acceptance of personnel licences and
qualifications for the exercice of functions in civil
aviation. The consultations underlined the? importance of
moving towards harmonised rules and that in the meantime
Member States should not be obliged to lower their
requirements for licences.
10. The ICAO International minimum standards and recommended
practices with regard to the licencing of personel in air
transport are defined in Annex I to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation. This annex has been
substantially modified with effect from 16 November 1989. An
initiative should be therefore taken as quickly as possible
based on this new international set of rules.
11. Article 38 of the Convention on International Civil
Aviation permits states to file a difference between their
national regulations and practices and the ICAO International
standards. It is therefore not sufficient to rely on the work
of ICAO but Community action is necessary as quickly as
possible to give legal backing to the ICAO rules.
12. The proposal for a Directive should therefore support the
implementation of Annex I of the Convention on International
Civil Aviation with as few differences within the Community
as possible and lead to a European Licence which at least
meets the requirements of Annex I.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 3 -
13. It is also necessary that there is full correspondence
with the provisions of Council Directive 89/48/EEC (1) on a
general system for the recognition of higher-education
diplomas awarded on completion of professional education and
training of at least three years' duration. Professional
training and qualifications in civil aviation fall however
mostly outside the field of application of this Directive as
they are not generally obtained on the basis of
higher-education courses of at least three years' duration.
14. The proposal also takes into account the case law of the
Court. In the Choquet Case (2) relating to the mutual
recognition of licences for car drivers, the Court of Justice
has ruled that, given the diversity in statutory requirements
in the Member States in this field, the Member States are
entitled to demand that persons establishing themselves on
their territory obtain a national licence even if they
already possess a licence issued by their State of origin.
However, the Member States have the obligation to accept
experience and qualifications acquired in other Member States
and are therefore not allowed to repeat unnecessarily exams
that have already taken place in other Member States.
15. A second ruling followed in 1987 in the Heylens case(3),
which confirmed that, in absence of a harmonisation of the
conditions for the access to a profession,.the Member States
are entitled to establish what knowledge and qualifications
are necessary for the exercise of that profession and to
require a diploma proving that these required knowledge and
qualifications exist. However, if the knowledge and
qualifications obtained in another Member State are
equivalent to that required, then the Member State is obliged
to recognize them.
16. According to these rulings national legislative
provisions would be incompatible with the EEC Treaty if their
application were to cause a hindrance in the free exercise of
the rights which Articles 48 and 52 of the Treaty guarantee
in connection with the free movement of persons and freedom
of establishment. Those hindrances could be e.g. the
duplication of required experience and tests, linguistic
difficulties or exorbitant charges.
                                                        ./.
  ., OJ L 19 of 24.1.1989.
 2) ECR 1978, p. 2293, case 16/78 of 28 November 1978.
 3) ECR 198 , p.      , case 222/86 of 15 October 1987.
 ---pagebreak---                             _ 4 -
17. The present proposal for a Directive therefore introduces
procedures which will facilitate the obligation of mutual
acceptance by Member States of equivalent licences and
qualifications obtained in other Member States of the
Community.
18. Considerable work has already been done at ECAC with a
view to determine terms of equivalence for pilots licences,
recommendation in this respect was passed in June 1988. It
would be useful to give this recommendation legal effect in
the Community in view of the special situation for pilots
(see paragraph 3). However, it has been necessary to modify
the terms slightly in order to bring them in line with the
above legal requirements of the Community.
19. The acceptance not only relates to licences but also to
any aspects of qualifications, experience and training. This
is important if a Member State cannot directly accept a
licence issued by another Member State because the latter has
no equivalent licence or no licence at all.
20. With a view to implementing the Directive it remains up
to the Member States to choose the way and methods of
acceptance of licences. However, to ensure the necessary
respect of the rules a certain transparency is introduced.
If a Member State decides not to accept a licence or
qualifications needed for obtaining a licence it should
inform in writing the person concerned, the Member State
which had issued the licence and the Commission. It should
also indicate the additional requirements and/or tests which
are necessary for the licence to be accepted.
21. This is in line with the ruling in the Heylens Case
(222/86 of 15.10.1987), where the Court of Justice has ruled
on the obligation of national authorities to disclose the
reasons which may lead them to decide not to accept the
equivalence of a professional licence issued by another
Member State.
22. All licences accepted in this way by a Member State will
give right to the same privileges as those enjoyed by the
holders of national licences issued directly by the Member
State without discrimination and unnecessary formalities.
23. The obligation on Member States of mutual acceptance
should not however apply in respect of licences issued by a
non-Member State.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 5-
24. Nationals of other Member States shall be admitted
without discrimination to training establishments and to all
examinations in a Member State on the same conditions as the
nationals of that Member State. Under the Treaty these
obligations already apply to public undertakings but
discrimination has occured for private undertakings and it is
therefore necessary to extend this obligation also to private
undertakings.
25. In order to realise for civil aviation the objective of
the Treaty of the free movement of labour it would, because
of the specific characteristics in this sector be necessary
to arrive at the full recognition of licences issued by
Member States. Such recognition can only be achieved if
requirements and training standards in all Member States are
at the same high level since otherwise safety might be at
risk. This will have to be achieved at the latest by
31.12.1992 to meet the date of the completion of the internal
market.
26. Considering the very short time left till that date and
the obligations the Commission has undertaken in order to
realise the internal market it is appropriate that the
necessary powers should be delegated to the Commission so
that the required results could be achieved on time.
In view of developing its proposals for measures establishing
harmonised requirements the Commission should make use of all
available knowledge in this field. More specifically the
Commission intends to cooperate with ECAC - which has already
made substantial progress in the matter - and to call on the
expertise of Member States in this field."
 ---pagebreak---                             - 6 -
               COMMENTS ON THE VARIOUS ARTICLES
Article 1
This defines the scope of the Directive.
Article 2
This article lays down the definitions of terms used in the
Directive.
Article 3
This article sets out the conditions under which Member
States have to accept licences issued by other Member
States.
It also provides for the automatic recognition of a licence
respecting Community requirements when they have been
adopted by virtue of Art. 9.
Special reference is made to private pilote licences. The
intent is to enable holders of PPLs to fly aircraft
registered in any Member State without the need to obtain
licence validation from the State of registry.
Consultations with national experts and a recommandation in
ECAC indicate clearly that the automatic recognition of PPLs
could be established already now.
Article 4
This article lays down the procedures to be followed by a
Member State when a licence cannot be accepted because it is
not equivalent. The candidate is provided the possibility
in the case of non-acceptance to pass any additional tests
within a reasonable time limit.
Article 5
This article lays down the obligations of Member States in
respect of the validation of licences until Community
requirements have been adopted and when certain conditions,
as set out in the annex, are met.
Article 6
Besides the acceptance of licences, member States shall
accept equivalent experience and qualifications obtained in
other Member States. This provision will contribute to
increased mobility and job prospects for aviation personnel
and fulfil the requirements flowing from the Court ruling in
the Choquet and Heylens cases.
Article 7
This article provides that nationals of all Member States
shall be admitted to the public and private training
establishments and examinations in a Member State on the same
basis as its own nationals.
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 7 -
Article 8
This Article stipulates that Member States shall not be
obliged to accept licences issued by a Member State on the
basis of a licence issued by a third country. This principle
is already recognised in the Directive concerning drivers
licences.
Article 9
In order to be able to realize the long term objective of the
Directive, namely to come to an automatic recognition of
licences in civil aviation issued by Member States, it is
necessary that harmonised requirements for licences and
training programmes should be adopted. This article sets the
date, 31.12.1992, by which this work must be completed. It
also provides that in the meantime Member States' licensing
requirements should at least meet the level of those in the
8th edition of Annex 1 to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation.
Article 10
The Commission is of the opinion that the aims of Article 9
can only be achieved in time with the assistance of a
regulatory Committee.
This article describes the composition, the tasks and the
working procedures of such a Committee.
Articles 11 and 12
Procedural articles.
 ---pagebreak---                                                           8
PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON MUTUAL ACCEPTANCE OF
PERSONNEL LICENCES FOR THE EXERCISE OF FUNCTIONS IN CIVIL
                         AVIATION
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European
Economic Community, and in particular Article 84 (2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social
Committee (2),
Whereas the existence in sufficient numbers of appropriately
qualified and licensed personnel is vital for the smooth and
safe running of air transport services;
Whereas air transport is a higly dynamic and rapidly
developing sector of a particularly international character;
whereas therefore the balance between supply and demand in
personnel can be maintained more efficiently at the Community
rather than the national level;
                                                        ./.
(D
(2)
 ---pagebreak---                                                              9
                            - 2 -
Whereas therefore it is essential that the Common Transport
Policy in the field of civil aviation is extended to ensure
the free movement of personnel within the Community;
Whereas furthermore the completion of the internal market by
the end of 1992 requires the existence of an efficient air
transport system to ensure the unhindered movement of people
within the Community;
Whereas the exercise of essential functions in civil aviation
is in most Member States possible only to persons who possess
a licence;
Whereas the requirements for such licences differ between
Member States to the extent that in many instances it is
difficult for a national of a Member State to exercice a
similar function in another Member State;
Whereas, the qualifications required for licences are not at
present laid down by the Community; whereas Member States
therefore retain the option of fixing the level of such
qualifications with a view to guaranteeing the safety of
services provided in their territory; whereas they may not,
without infringing their obligations laid down in the Treaty,
require a national of a Member State to obtain those
qualifications, which in general they determine only by
reference to their own national education and training
systems, where the person concerned has already acquired all
or part of those qualifications in another Member State;
Whereas, therefore any host Member State in which a function
in civil aviation is regulated, is required to take account
of qualifications acquired in another Member State and to
determine whether those qualifications correspond to the
qualifications which it requires;
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                                                              'to
                            - 3 -
Whereas a Community procedure for the acceptance of licences
and qualifications for the personnel exercising functions in
civil aviation is appropriate in order to facilitate
compliance with Treaty obligations and to ensure unhindered
personnel mobility; whereas the acceptance of licences would
be further facilitated by the obligation of Member States to
respect the minimum requirements for licences in conformity
with the eighth edition - July 1988 of Annex 1 to the
Convention on International Civil Aviation;
Whereas regarding private pilots the recognition of their
licences in all Member States can already be established;
Whereas in order to be permitted to operate aircraft in a
Member State other than that where they obtained their
licence professional pilots are normally subjected to
additional tests; whereas this practice constitutes an
obstacle to the free movement of air services and should be
rectified; whereas urgent action is therefore required for
professional pilots;
Whereas the elimination of the present air congestion
problems necessitates the urgent training of a large number
of additional air traffic controllers, whose function is
vital to the smooth and safe running of air transport
services;
Whereas training facilities are not always available in
Member States commensurate with demand;
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                                                            A4
                             -4-
Whereas in conformity with Article 7 of the Treaty Member
States shall admit nationals of other Member States to public
and private training establishments and professional
examinations on a non-discriminatory basis;
Whereas in order to achieve full mutual recognition of
licences it is essential to specify common requirements for
licences and training programmes;
Whereas it is appropriate to delegate the power to specify
such requirements to the Commission assisted by a
regulatory committee;
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE
                           Article 1
1. This Directive shall apply to licensing procedures and
   requirements of Member States in the field of civil
   aviation with respect to flying crew, and personnel
   employed in aircraft maintenance, air traffic control,,
   flight operations and aeronautical station operations.
2. The provisions of this Directive shall apply only to
   nationals of a Member State.
                                                       ./.
 ---pagebreak---                             - 5 -
                          Article 2
For the purpose of this directive
a)   licence means any valid document, issued by a Member
     State,authorising personnel to exercise functions in
     civil aviation. This definition also includes ratings
     forming part of the licence;
b)   rating means an authorization entered on or associated
     with a licence, stating special conditions, privileges
     or limitations pertaining to such licence;
c)   acceptance of licences means any act of recognition or
     validation by a Member State of a licence or aspect of a
     licence issued by another Member State. The acceptance
     may be effected through the issue of a licence of its
     own;
d)   recognition means the permission to use in one Member
     State a licence issued in another Member State for the
     purpose specified on the licence;
e)   validation means the express indication by a Member
     State in a licence issued by another Member State that
     this licence can be used as one of its own for the
     purpose specified on the licence.
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                                                           ^3
                            - 6 -
                          Article 3
1. Where a Member State requires personnel to be licensed in
   order to engage in functions in civil aviation, it shall
   accept, without undue delay or additional tests, any
   licence or aspect of a licence issued by another Member
   State and concerning the same functions.
2. A Member State shall recognise a licence respecting the
   standards as set out in Community requirements adopted
   pursuant to Article 9;
3. Without prejudice to Article 8, any person holding a
   private pilot licence issued by a Member State shall be
   permitted to fly aircraft registered in another Member
   State. This recognition shall be limited to the exercise
   of the privileges of the holder of a private pilot licence
   and of associated aircraft ratings under Visual Flying
   Rules (VFR) by day only in an aircraft certificated for
   single-pilot operations;
                                                      ./•
 ---pagebreak---                            - 7 -
                         Article 4
1. By derogation from the principles set out in Article 3(1),
   if a licence or any aspect of a licence issued by a Member
   State is based on requirements which are not equivalent to
   those of the Member State to which the licence is
   presented for acceptance the latter shall so inform the
   holder of the licence in writing and indicate the specific
   additional requirements and/or tests which are necessary
   for the licence to be accepted.
   This information shall at the same time be communicated to
   the Member State which has issued the licence and to the
   Commission.
2. An opportunity to pass any additional test shall on
   request be given to the applicant without delay and in any
   case before 3 months have elapsed from the date of the
   request.
3. When the applicant can show that he meets the additional
   requirements and/or has passed the required test(s) the
   Member State concerned shall forthwith accept the licence
   or aspect of the licence in question.
                                                         ./.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 8 -
                           Article 5
Notwithstanding Article 4, a Member State shall, until
Community requirements have been adopted under Article 9 and
when the special validation requirements as set out in the
Annex are fulfilled by the holder of the licence :
     (a) validate a licence complying with at least the
         standards as set out in the eighth edition - July 1988
         of Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil
         Aviation
     (b) at most, demand an aptitude test as set out in the
         Annex with respect to licences which do not meet the
         minimum requirements established by the eighth edition
         - July 1988 of Annex 1 of the Convention on
         International Civil Aviation.
                           Article 6
Without prejudice to Article 3> each Member State shall, for
licensing purposes, accept any aspects of the qualifications,
experience and training in civil aviation obtained in other
Member States which are equivalent to its own requirements.
                           Article 7
Member States shall ensure that nationals of other Member
States are admitted to public and private training
establishments and to examinations and procedures for the
licensing of civil aviation personnel on the same basis as
applies to their own nationals.
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                              - 9-                         Ai
                           Article 8
1. When a Member State issues a licence on the basis of a
   licence or aspect of a licence issued by a third country
   this shall be recorded in the licence. Other Member
   States shall not be obliged to accept any such licence or
   aspect of a licence.
2. By derogation from paragraph 1 Member States, shall accept
   licences issued by the Federal Republic of Germany on the
   basis of a licence issued by the German Democratic
   Republic.
                           Article 9
1. The Commission shall at the latest by 31 December 1992 and
   in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 10,
   adopt measures establishing harmonised requirements for
   licences and training programmes. In preparing the draft of
   those measures the Commission shall consult with
   representatives of the professions covered by this
   Directive.
2. Until such requirements for licences are adopted, the
   licensing requirements of the Member States must at least
   meet the level of those requirements laid down in the eighth
   edition - July 1988 of Annex 1 to the Convention on
   International Civil Aviation.
3. Without prejudice to Article 5» Member States may decide
   that licences issued by them before 1 July 1990 remain
   valid.
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                                                        1*
                             - 10 -
                           Article 1 0
1. For the purpose of the tasks defined in Article 9 the
   Commission shall be assisted by a committee composed of the
   representatives of the Member States and chaired by the
   representative of the Commission.
2. The representative of the Commission shall submit to the
   committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee
   shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit
   which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of
   the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority
   laid down in Article 148(2) of the Treaty in the case of
   decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a
   proposal from the Commission. The votes of the
   representatives of the Member States within the committee
   shall be weighted in the manner set out in that Article. The
   chairman shall not vote.
3. a) The Commission shall adopt the measures envisaged if
       they are in accordance with the opinion of the
       committee.
   b)  If the measures envisaged are not in accordance with the
       opinion of the committee, or if no opinion is delivered,
       the Commission shall, without delay, submit to the
       Council a proposal relating to the measures to be
       taken. The Council shall act by a qualified majority.
                                                        ./.
 ---pagebreak---                               -11-                     n%
   c)  If on the expiry of a period of 3 months from the
       date of referral to the Council, the Council has not
       acted, the proposed measures shall be adopted by the
       Commission.
                           Article 11
     The Member States shall, after consultation with the
     Commission, take the necessary steps to bring into force
     the laws, regulations and administrative provisions
     necessary to comply with this directive not later than 1
     July 1990. They shall immediately inform the Commission
     thereof.
     The measures adopted pursuant to the first subparagraph
     shall make express reference to this Directive.
     The Member States shall communicate to the Commission all
     subsequent laws, regulations and administrative provisions
     adopted in the field governed by this Directive.
                           Article 12
This Directive is addressed to the Member States
Done at Brussels, .*.-.»
                                      For the Council
                                       The President
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                         ANNEX
                                         SPECIAL VALIDATION PROCEDURE                              *3
     ROLE                   SPECIAL VAUDATION REQUIREMENTS                            APTITUDE TEST
                                                                                       FOR VALIDATION
                   LICENCE       MEDICAL        AGE       EXPERIENCE
1. Commercial
   air transpor-
   tation in
    FAR 25/
   JAR 25
    aeroplanes
   a) PIC         a) ATPL-A      a) Class 1     a) 21-60  a) 1 500 hrs as      a) A flight test including IR* test
                                    medical                  PIC on FAR 25/        in flight or simulator.
                                    certificate              JAR 25 aero-
                                    without                  planes.
                                    waiver
   b) Co-pilot    b) ATPL-A      b) Class 1     b) 21-60  b) 1500 hrs on       b) A flight test including IR test in
                                    medical                  FAR23UAR25           (light or simulator.
                                    certificate              aeroplanes.
                                    without
                                    waiver
                                                                           *
2. Commercial                                                                                                        i
   air trans-                                                                                                        I
   portation
   in non-
   FAR25/
   JAR 25
   aeroplanes
   a) PIC         a)CPL-A        a) Class 1     a) 21-60  a) 1000 hrs as PIC   a) A flight test including IR test in
                    (with IR)       medical                  in commercial air     flight or simulator.
                                    certificate              transportation
                                    without                  since gaining
                                    waiver                   an IR
      IR - Instrument rating.
 ---pagebreak---  ;   ROLE                    SPECIAL VALIDATJON REQUIREMENTS                                       APTITUDE Ti-JST
                                                                                                   FOR VALIDATION
                    LICENCE       MEDICAL         AGE            EXPERIENCE
     b) Co-pilot   b) CPL-A       b) Class 1      b) 21-60       b) 1000 hrs in            b) Aflighttest including IR test in
                      (with IR)       medical                        commercial air           flight or simulator.
                                      certificate                    transportation.
i
                                      without
i»                                    waiver
 i
 j
 j
j
i
! 3a) Aerial work a) CPL-A        a) Class 1      a) 21-60       700 hrs as PIC            a) Flight check in role.
j     in aero-                       medical                     on conventional
      planes                         certificate                 aeroplanes inclu-
;      (exdu-                        without                     ding 200 hrs in the
|     ding flying                    waiver                      kind of aerial work
|      instruction                                               for which validation
                                                                 is sought, including
i                                                                50 hrs in the role in
1                                                                the last twelve
                                                                 months.
1 3b) Aerial work b) CPL-H        b) Class 1      b) 21-60       700 hrs as PIC            b) Flight check in role.
      in heli-                       medical                     on helicopters
      copters                        certificate                 including 200 hrs ?
      (exclu-                        without                     in the kind of aerial
      ding flying                    waiver                      work for which valid-
      instruction                                                ation is sought.             i
      and off-                                                   including 50 hrs
      shore                                                      in the role in the
      operations;                                                last twelve months.
       Conventional aeroplanes shall mean aeroplanes other than those certificated under JAR 22 and ultralights.
 ---pagebreak---                                                   -  3 -
                                                                                                     21
 ROLE                  SPECIAL VALIDATION REQUIREMENTS                         APTITUDE TEST
                                                                               FOR VALIDATION
              LICENCE       MEDICAL         AGE          EXPERIENCE
Commercial
air transpor-
tation or
off-shore
operations
in heli-
copters
a) PIC        a) ATPL-H      a) Class 1     a) 21-60     a) 1 SOOhrsas         a) A flight test, including IR lest,
                 (with IR.      medical                     PIC flying related    if appropriate, in flight or
                 i IFR          certificate                 to the kind of        simulator.
                 flights        without                     operation for
                 required)      waiver                      which validation
                                                            is being sought
                                                            If IR flight
                                                            required, have
                                                            gained 500 hrs
                                                            flying experience
                                                            since gaining
                                                            an IR
b) Co-pilot   b) CPL-H       b) Class 1     b) 21-60     b) 1 500 hrs          b) A flight test, including IR test,
                 (withlR.       medical                     flying related         if appropriate, in flight or
                 2IFR           certificate                 to the kind of         simulator..
                 flights        without                     operation for
                 required)      waiver                      which validation
                                                             is being sought
                                                             If IR flight
                                                             required have
                                                            gained 500 hours
                                                            flying experience
                                                             since gaining
                                                            anR
 ---pagebreak---                                                                      ISSN 0254-1475
                                                              COM(89) 472 final
                                                      DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                         07 05
                                 Catalogue number : CB-CO-89-570-EN-C
                                                             ISBN 92-77-55530-0
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
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