CELEX: 52016PC0684
Language: en
Date: 2016-10-25
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION establishing the position to be adopted on behalf of the European Union in the relevant Committees of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as regards the proposals for amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129, one proposal for a new UN Regulation on Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS), the proposals for amendments to UN Global Technical Regulations 15 and 16, the proposals for two new UN Global Technical Regulations on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles with regard to certain types of emissions and with regard to on-board diagnostics, respectively, and one proposal for a new Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
            Brussels, 25.10.2016
            COM(2016) 684 final
            2016/0341(NLE)
            Proposal for a
            COUNCIL DECISION
            establishing the position to be adopted on behalf of the European Union in the relevant Committees of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as regards the proposals for amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129, one proposal for a new UN Regulation on Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS), the proposals for amendments to UN Global Technical Regulations 15 and 16, the proposals for two new UN Global Technical Regulations on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles with regard to certain types of emissions and with regard to on-board diagnostics, respectively, and one proposal for a new Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4) 
            
               
         
         
            
               EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
            
            
               1.CONTEXT OF THE PROPOSAL
            
            
               •Reasons for and objectives of the proposal
            
            
               At international level, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) develops harmonised requirements intended to remove technical barriers to the trade in motor vehicles between the Contracting Parties to the Revised 1958 Agreement and to ensure that such vehicles offer a high level of safety and environmental protection.
            
            
               In accordance with Council Decision 97/836/EC of 27 November 1997, the Union acceded to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (“UNECE”) concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions (“Revised 1958 Agreement”), and in accordance with Council Decision 2000/125/EC of 31 January 2000 concerning the conclusion of the Agreement concerning the establishing of Global Technical Regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles ("Parallel Agreement"), the Union acceded to the Parallel Agreement.
            
            
               The meetings of UNECE WP.29, the World Forum for Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulations, are held three times in March, June and November of each calendar year. In each meeting session new UN Regulations, amendments to existing UN Regulations or UN Global Technical Regulations (UN GTRs) are adopted in order to allow for technical progress. Prior to each WP.29 meeting these amendments are adopted by one of the six working groups (GRs) active under WP.29.
            
            
               Subsequently, in a WP.29 meeting the final vote for adoption of the amendments, supplements and corrigenda takes place, provided the quorum is reached and there is a qualified majority among contracting parties. The EU is a contracting party to two Agreements (1958 and 1998 Agreements) under WP.29. A Council Decision, referred to as "mega decision", containing the list of Regulations, amendments, supplements and corrigenda, is prepared each time and authorises the Commission to vote on behalf of the Union in each WP.29 meeting.
            
            
               This Council Decision defines the Union's position in the voting of the Regulations, amendments, supplements and corrigenda submitted for vote in the November 2016 WP.29 meeting that will take place from 14 to 20 November 2016.
            
            
               •Consistency with existing policy provisions in the policy area
            
            
               This proposal complements and is fully in line with the Union's internal market policy as regards the automotive industry.
            
            
               The WP.29 system strengthens international harmonization of vehicle standards. The 1958 Agreement plays a key role in this objective since EU manufacturers can operate to a common set of type approval Regulations in the knowledge that the product will be recognized by the Contracting Parties as being in conformity with its national legislation. This scheme has allowed for Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 on the general safety of motor vehicles to repeal more than 50 EU Directives and replace them with the corresponding Regulations developed under the 1958 Agreement.
            
            
               A similar approach has been taken with Directive 2007/46/EC, which has replaced the approval systems of the Member States with a Union approval procedure and established a harmonised framework containing administrative provisions and general technical requirements for all new vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units. That Directive incorporated UN Regulations in the EU type-approval system, either as requirements for type-approval or as alternatives to Union legislation. Since the adoption of that Directive, UN Regulations have increasingly been incorporated into Union legislation in the framework of the EU type-approval.
            
            
               •Consistency with other Union policies
            
            
               The WP.29 system is linked to the Union policy on competiveness, on which this initiative has a positive impact. This proposal is also consistent with Union transport and energy policies, which are duly considered in the process for the drafting and adoption of the UN Regulations falling under the 1958 Agreement.
            
            
               2.LEGAL BASIS, SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY
            
            
               •Legal basis
            
            
               The legal basis for this proposal is Article 114, in conjunction with Article 218(9) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
            
            
               •Subsidiarity
            
            
               The vote in favour of international instruments like proposals for UN Regulations, amendments to UN Regulations and draft Global Technical Regulations and their incorporation into the Union system for the type-approval of motor vehicles can only be done by the Union. This does not only prevent fragmentation of the internal market, but also ensures equal environmental and safety standards across the Union. It also offers advantages of economies of scale: products can be made for the entire Union market and even the international market, instead of being customised to obtain national type-approval for every single Member State.
            
         
         
            
               This proposal therefore complies with the subsidiarity principle.
            
            
               •Proportionality
            
            
               
                  This Council Decision authorises the Commission to vote on behalf of Union and is the proportionate instrument in accordance with Article 5(1) of Council Decision 97/836/EC in order to define a unified EU position at the UNECE with respect to the vote on the working documents proposed on the agenda of the WP.29 meeting. Therefore, this proposal complies with the proportionality principle as it does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve the objectives of ensuring the proper functioning of the internal market, while at the same time providing for a high level of public safety and protection.
               
            
            
               •Choice of the instrument
            
            
               The use of a Council Decision is required by Article 218(9) TFEU in order to establish the positions to be adopted on the Union’s behalf in a body set up by an international agreement.
            
            
               3.RESULTS OF EX-POST EVALUATIONS, STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
            
            
               •Ex-post evaluations/fitness checks of existing legislation
            
            
               Not applicable.
            
            
               •Stakeholder consultations
            
            
               Not applicable.
            
            
               •Collection and use of expertise
            
            
               External expertise is not relevant in the case of this proposal. It has however been reviewed by the Technical Committee on Motor Vehicles.
            
            
               •Impact assessment
            
            
               This proposal cannot be the subject of an impact assessment as it is not of a legislative nature and no alternative policy options are available or possible.
            
            
               •Regulatory fitness and simplification
            
            
               In terms of administrative burden, the initiative does not have repercussions, as the amendment references annexed to the mega decision will not introduce new reporting or other administrative obligations for enterprises, including SMEs. On the contrary, reduction of administrative burden is targeted as the application of world-harmonised requirements allow manufacturers to present approval documentation of systems and components not only in the EU but also on the export markets from Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement outside the EU.
            
            
               The proposal has a very positive impact on automotive EU competitiveness and international trade. The acceptance of internationally harmonised vehicle regulations by the EU’s trading partners is recognised as the best way to remove non-tariff barriers to trade and to open or widen market access for EU automotive enterprises.
            
            
               •Fundamental rights
            
            
               The proposal has no consequences for the protection of fundamental rights.
            
            
               4.BUDGETARY IMPLICATIONS
            
         
         
            
               This initiative has no budgetary implications.
            
            
               5.OTHER ELEMENTS
            
            
               •Implementation plans and monitoring, evaluation and reporting arrangements
            
            
               Not applicable.
            
            
               •Explanatory documents (for directives)
            
            
               Not applicable
            
            
               •Detailed explanation of the specific provisions of the proposal
            
            
               The proposal defines the Union's position in the voting of 
            
            
               –the amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129; 
            
            
               –the proposal for a new UN Regulation on Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS);
            
            
               –the proposals for amendments to UN Global Technical Regulations Nos. 15 and 16; 
            
            
               –the proposals for two new UN Global Technical Regulations on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles, regarding emissions and on-board diagnostics, respectively; and 
            
            
               –the proposal for a new Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4).
            
            
               2016/0341 (NLE)
            
            
               Proposal for a
            
            
               COUNCIL DECISION
            
            
               establishing the position to be adopted on behalf of the European Union in the relevant Committees of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as regards the proposals for amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129, one proposal for a new UN Regulation on Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS), the proposals for amendments to UN Global Technical Regulations 15 and 16, the proposals for two new UN Global Technical Regulations on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles with regard to certain types of emissions and with regard to on-board diagnostics, respectively, and one proposal for a new Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4) 
            
            
               THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
            
            
               Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114, in conjunction with Article 218(9) thereof,
            
            
               Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
            
         
         
            
               Whereas:
            
            
               (1)In accordance with Council Decision 97/836/EC
                  1
               , the Union acceded to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to, and/or be used on, wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of those prescriptions (the ‘Revised 1958 Agreement’).
            
            
               (2)In accordance with Council Decision 2000/125/EC
                  2
               , the Union acceded to the Agreement concerning the establishing of global technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles (the ‘Parallel Agreement’).
            
            
               (3)Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
                  3
                replaced the approval systems of the Member States with a Union approval procedure and established a harmonised framework containing administrative provisions and general technical requirements for all new vehicles, systems, components and separate technical units. That Directive incorporated regulations adopted under the Revised 1958 Agreement (hereinafter referred to as 'UN Regulations') in the EU type-approval system, either as requirements for type-approval or as alternatives to Union legislation. Since the adoption of that Directive, UN regulations have increasingly been incorporated into Union legislation in the framework of the EU type-approval.
            
            
               (4)In the light of experience and technical developments, the requirements relating to certain elements or features covered by UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129, as well as by UN Global Technical Regulations (GTRs) Nos. 15 and 16, need to be adapted to technical progress.
            
            
               (5)In order to lay down uniform provisions concerning the approval of Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS), a new UN Regulation should be adopted. 
            
            
               (6)In order to lay down uniform technical provisions concerning the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles with regard to certain types of emissions and with regard to on-board diagnostics, respectively, two new GTRs should be adopted.
            
            
               (7)In order to lay down uniform provisions concerning the common specification of light source categories, a new Resolution should be adopted (R.E. 4).
            
            
               (8)It is appropriate to establish the position to be adopted on behalf of the Union within the relevant Committees of the UNECE, namely the Administrative Committee of the Revised 1958 Agreement and the Executive Committee of the Parallel Agreement, as regards the adoption of the UN acts referred to above,
            
            
               HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
            
            
               Article 1
            
            
               The position to be adopted on behalf of the Union within the Administrative Committee of the Revised 1958 Agreement and the Executive Committee of the Parallel Agreement during the period from 14 to 20 November 2016 shall be to vote in favour of the proposals listed in the Annex to this Decision.
            
            
               Article 2
            
            
               This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.
            
            
               Done at Brussels,
            
            
               
                     For the Council
               
               
                     The President
               
            
         
         
            
                  
                     (1)
                  Council Decision 97/836/EC of 27 November 1997 with a view to accession by the European Community to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions ('Revised 1958 Agreement') (OJ L 346, 17.12.1997, p. 78).
               
               
                  
                     (2)
                  Council Decision 2000/125/EC of 31 January 2000 concerning the conclusion of the Agreement concerning the establishing of global technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles ('Parallel Agreement') (OJ L 35, 10.2.2000, p. 12).
               
               
                  
                     (3)
                  Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).
               
            
      
    ---documentbreak--- 
      
         
               EUROPEAN COMMISSION
            Brussels, 25.10.2016
            COM(2016) 684 final
            ANNEX
            to the
            Proposal for a Council Decision
            establishing the position to be adopted on behalf of the European Union in the relevant Committees of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as regards the proposals for amendments to UN Regulations Nos. 7, 16, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 78, 80, 83, 86, 87, 99, 105, 107, 110, 121, 128 and 129, one proposal for a new UN Regulation on Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS), the proposals for amendments to UN Global Technical Regulations 15 and 16, the proposals for two new UN Global Technical Regulations on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles regarding emissions respectively on-board diagnostics, and one proposal for a new Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4) 
            
               
         
         
            
               ANNEX
            
            
                     
                        Agenda item title
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        Document reference
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 25 to the 02 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 7 (Position, stop and end-outline lamps)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/75
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 16 (Safety-belts, ISOFIX and i-Size)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/98
                     
                     
                        and informal document WP.29-170-04
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for the 07 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 16 (Safety-belts, ISOFIX and i-Size)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/99 
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 45 to the 03 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 37 (Filament lamps)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/76
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3 to UN Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/100
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 12 to the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/101
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 12 to the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 44 (Child restraint systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/102
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 10 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 45 (Headlamp cleaners) 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/77
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 4 to the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 46 (Devices for indirect vision)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/89
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 17 to the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 48 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices) 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/78
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 10 to the 05 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 48 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices) 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/79
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 48 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices) 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/80
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 19 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 53 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for L3 vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/81
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 1 to the 02 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 53 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for L3 vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/82
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 78 (Braking (category L vehicles)) 
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/114 and informal document
                     
                     
                        GRRF-82-06
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 80 (Strength of seats and their anchorages (buses))
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/103
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 8 to the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 83 (Emissions of M1 and N1 vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/108
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 4 to the 07 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 83 (Emissions of M1 and N1 vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/109
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 86 (Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for agricultural vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/83
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 18 to UN Regulation No. 87 (Daytime running lamps)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/84
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 12 to the original version of Regulation No. 99 (Gas discharge light sources)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/85
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 105 (ADR vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/90
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 107 (General construction of buses and coaches)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/91
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 6 to the 05 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 107 (General construction of buses and coaches)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/92
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 6 to the 06 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 107 (General construction of buses and coaches)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/93
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 1 to the 07 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 107 (General construction of buses and coaches)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/94
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 5 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 110 (CNG and LNG vehicles)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/95
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 9 to UN Regulation No. 121 (Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/96
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 121 (Identification of controls, tell-tales and indicators)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/97
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 6 to the original version of Regulation No. 128 (Light Emitting Diode (LED) light sources)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/86
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Corrigendum 2 to UN Regulation No. 129 (Enhanced Child Restraint Systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/104
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 5 to UN Regulation No. 129 (Enhanced Child Restraint Systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/105
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 129 (Enhanced Child Restraint Systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/106
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for the 02 series of amendments to UN Regulation No. 129 (Enhanced Child Restraint Systems)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/107
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for a new Regulation on uniform provisions concerning the approval of Heavy Duty Dual-Fuel Engine Retrofit Systems (HDDF-ERS) to be installed on heavy duty diesel engines and vehicles
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/110
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for a draft Resolution on the common specification of light source categories (R.E.4)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/111
                     
                  
               
                     
                  
                  
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Amendment 1 to UN Global Technical Regulation (GTR) No. 15 (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP))
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/68
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for Amendment 1 to UN Global Technical Regulation (GTR) No. 16 (Tyres)
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/117
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for a new UN Global Technical Regulation (GTR)  on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles with regard to on-board diagnostics
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/112
                     
                  
               
                     
                        Proposal for a new UN Global Technical Regulation (GTR) on the measurement procedure for two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles equipped with a combustion engine with regard to the crankcase and evaporative emissions
                     
                  
                  
                     
                        ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2016/66