CELEX: 42010X0930(04)
Language: en
Date: 2010-09-30 00:00:00
Title: Regulation No 120 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of internal combustion engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road mobile machinery, with regard to the measurement of the net power, net torque and specific fuel consumption

30.9.2010   
            
            
               EN
            
            
               Official Journal of the European Union
            
            
               L 257/280
            
         Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:
   http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
   Regulation No 120 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of internal combustion engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road mobile machinery, with regard to the measurement of the net power, net torque and specific fuel consumption
   Date of entry into force: 6 April 2005
   CONTENTS
   REGULATION
   
               1.
            
            Scope
         
               2.
            
            Definitions
         
               3.
            
            Application for approval
         
               4.
            
            Approval
         
               5.
            
            Specifications and tests
         
               6.
            
            Conformity of production
         
               7.
            
            Penalties for non-conformity of production
         
               8.
            
            Modification and extension of approval of an engine type or engine family
         
               9.
            
            Production definitely discontinued
         
               10.
            
            Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments
         ANNEXES
   
               Annex 1 —
            
            
               Essential characteristics of the internal combustion engine and general information concerning the conduct of tests
               Appendix 1— Essential characteristics of the engine/parent engine
               Appendix 2— Essential characteristics of the engine family
               Appendix 3— Essential characteristics of engine type within the family
            
         
               Annex 2 —
            
            Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of an engine or engine family pursuant to Regulation No 120
         
               Annex 3 —
            
            Arrangements of approval marks
         
               Annex 4 —
            
            
               Method for measuring internal combustion engine net power
               Appendix— Results of tests for measuring net power engine
            
         
               Annex 5 —
            
            Essential characteristics of the engine family
         
               Annex 6 —
            
            Checks on conformity of production
         
               Annex 7 —
            
            Technical data of reference fuels
         1.   SCOPE
   
               1.1.
            
            
               This Regulation applies to the representation of the curves as a function of engine speed of the power, torque and specific fuel consumption at full load, indicated by the manufacturer for internal combustion engines to be used:
               
                           1.1.1.
                        
                        
                           in category T vehicles (1);
                        
                     
                           1.1.2.
                        
                        
                           in machinery intended and suited to move, or to be moved on the ground, with or without road, operated under intermittent or constant speed.
                        
                     
         
               1.2.
            
            
               The internal combustion engines belong to one of the following categories:
               
                           1.2.1.
                        
                        
                           Reciprocating internal combustion engines (positive-ignition or compression-ignition), but excluding free piston engines;
                        
                     
                           1.2.2.
                        
                        
                           Rotary piston engines (positive-ignition or compression-ignition).
                        
                     
         2.   DEFINITIONS
   
               2.1.
            
            
               ‘Approval of an engine’ means the approval of an engine type with regard to its net power measured in accordance with the procedure specified in Annex 4 to this Regulation;
            
         
               2.2.
            
            
               ‘Approval of an engine family’ means the approval of the members of an engine family with regard to their net power in accordance with the procedure specified in Annexes 5 or 6 to this Regulation;
            
         
               2.3.
            
            
               ‘Engine type’ means a category of engines which do not differ in such essential engine characteristics as defined in Annex 1 — Appendix 3;
            
         
               2.4.
            
            
               ‘Engine family’ means a manufacturer’s grouping of engines which, through their design, fulfil the grouping criteria laid down in Annex 5 to this Regulation;
            
         
               2.5.
            
            
               ‘Parent engine’ means an engine selected from an engine family in such a way that it complies with requirements set out in Annex 5 of this Regulation;
            
         
               2.6.
            
            
               ‘Net power’ means the power obtained on a test bench at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent at the corresponding engine speed with the auxiliaries and equipment listed in Table 1 of Annex 4 to this Regulation, determined under reference atmospheric conditions;
            
         
               2.7.
            
            
               ‘Rated net power’ means engine net power as declared by the manufacturer at rated speed;
            
         
               2.8.
            
            
               ‘Maximum net power’ means the maximum value of the net power measured at full engine load;
            
         
               2.9.
            
            
               ‘Rated speed’ means the maximum full load speed allowed by the governor, as specified by the manufacturer;
            
         
               2.10.
            
            
               ‘Maximum net power speed’ means the engine speed at which the maximum net power is obtained, as specified by the manufacturer;
            
         
               2.11.
            
            
               ‘Maximum torque speed’ means the engine speed at which the maximum torque is obtained, as specified by the manufacturer;
            
         
               2.12.
            
            
               ‘Maximum torque’ means the maximum value of the net torque measured at full engine load.
            
         3.   APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
   
               3.1.
            
            
               The application for approval of an engine type or an engine family with regard to the measurement of the net power shall be submitted by the manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
            
         
               3.2.
            
            
               It shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate: description of the engine type or engine family comprising all the relevant particulars referred to in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
            
         
               3.3.
            
            
               An engine representative of the engine type to be approved, or the parent engine, in case of an engine family, fitted with the equipment prescribed in Annex 4 to this Regulation, shall be submitted to the technical service conducting the approval tests.
            
         4.   APPROVAL
   
               4.1.
            
            
               If the power of the engine submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation was measured according to the specifications of paragraph 5 below, approval of the engine type or family shall be granted.
            
         
               4.2.
            
            
               An approval number shall be assigned to each engine type or family approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another engine type or family.
            
         
               4.3.
            
            
               Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal of approval of an engine type or an engine family pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
            
         
               4.4.
            
            
               There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place as specified on the approval form, to every engine conforming to an engine type or an engine family approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:
               
                           4.4.1.
                        
                        
                           A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval (2);
                        
                     
                           4.4.2.
                        
                        
                           The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
                           Alternatively, instead of affixing these approval marks and symbols to the engine, the manufacturer may decide that engine approved under this Regulation shall be accompanied by a document giving this information in order to enable the approval marks and symbol to be attached to the vehicle.
                        
                     
         
               4.5.
            
            
               If the engine conforms to an approved type or family under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1 need not be repeated; in such a case the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
            
         
               4.6.
            
            
               The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the data plate affixed by the manufacturer to the approved type.
            
         
               4.7.
            
            
               Annex 3 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval marks.
            
         
               4.8.
            
            
               Every engine conforming to an engine type or an engine family approved under this Regulation must bear, in addition to the approval mark:
               
                           4.8.1.
                        
                        
                           the trademark or trade name of the manufacturer of the engine;
                        
                     
                           4.8.2.
                        
                        
                           the manufacturer’s engine code.
                        
                     
         5.   SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS
   5.1.   General
   The components liable to affect the power of the engine shall be so designed, constructed and assembled as to enable the engine in normal use, despite the vibrations to which it may be subjected, to comply with the provisions of this Regulation.
   5.2.   Description of tests for internal combustion engines
   5.2.1.   The net power test shall consist of a run at full throttle for positive-ignition engines and at fixed full-load fuel injection pump setting for compression-ignition engines, the engine being equipped as specified in Table 1 of Annex 4 to this Regulation.
   5.2.2.   Measurements shall be taken at a sufficient number of engine speeds to define correctly the power, torque and specific fuel consumption curves between the lowest and the highest engine speeds recommended by the manufacturer. This range of speeds must include the rotational speeds at which the engine produces its rated net power, its maximum power and its maximum torque.
   5.2.3.   The fuel used shall be the following:
   
               5.2.3.1.
            
            
               For positive-ignition engines fuelled with petrol:
               The fuel used shall be the reference fuel specified in Annex 7.
            
         
               5.2.3.2.
            
            
               For positive-ignition engines fuelled with LPG:
               
                           5.2.3.2.1.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine with self-adaptive fuelling:
                           The fuel used shall be the one available on the market. In any case of dispute the fuel shall be one of the reference fuels specified in Annex 7;
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.2.2.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine without self-adaptive fuelling:
                           The fuel used shall be the reference fuel specified in Annex 7 with the lowest C3-content, or
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.2.3.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine labelled for one specific fuel composition:
                           The fuel used shall be the fuel for which the engine is labelled.
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.2.4.
                        
                        
                           The fuel used shall be specified in the test report.
                        
                     
         
               5.2.3.3.
            
            
               For positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas:
               
                           5.2.3.3.1.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine with self-adaptive fuelling:
                           The fuel used shall be the one available on the market. In any case of dispute the fuel shall be one of the references fuels specified in Annex 7;
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.3.2.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine without self-adaptive fuelling:
                           The fuel used shall be the one available on the market with the Wobbe Index at least 52,6 MJm–3 (20 °C, 101,3 kPa). In case of dispute the fuel used shall be the reference fuel GR specified in Annex 7, i.e. the fuel with the highest Wobbe Index, or
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.3.3.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine labelled for a specific range of fuels:
                           The fuel used shall be the one available on the market with the Wobbe Index at least 52,6 MJm–3 (20 °C, 101,3 kPa) if the engine is labelled for the H-range of gases, or at least 47,2 MJm–3 (20 °C, 101,3 kPa) if the engine is labelled for the L-range of gases. In case of dispute the fuel used shall be the reference fuel GR specified in Annex 7 if the engine is labelled for the H-range of gases, or the reference fuel G23 if the engine is labelled for the L-range of gases, i.e. the fuel with the highest Wobbe Index for the relevant range, or (3)
                           
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.3.4.
                        
                        
                           In the case of an engine labelled for one specific fuel composition:
                           The fuel used shall be the fuel for which the engine is labelled.
                        
                     
                           5.2.3.3.5.
                        
                        
                           The fuel used shall be specified in the test report.
                        
                     
         
               5.2.3.4.
            
            
               For compression-ignition engines:
               The fuel used shall be the reference fuel specified in Annex 7.
            
         5.2.4.   Measurements shall be carried out according to the provisions of Annex 5 to this Regulation.
   5.2.5.   The test report shall contain the results and all the calculations required to determine the net power, as listed in the appendix to Annex 4 to this Regulation together with the characteristics of the engine, as listed in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
   5.3.   Interpretation of Results
   5.3.1.   Net Power
   The net power declared by the manufacturer for the type of engine (or parent engine) shall be accepted if it does not differ by more than ± 2 per cent for rated net power and more than ± 4 per cent at the other measurement points on the curve with a tolerance of ± 1,5 per cent for engine speed, from the values measured by the technical service on the engine submitted for testing.
   5.3.2.   Rated speed
   The rated speed declared by the manufacturer shall not deviate by more than 100 min–1 from the declared value.
   5.3.3.   Fuel consumption
   The specific fuel consumption curve declared by the manufacturer for the type of engine (or parent engine) shall be accepted if it does not differ by more than ± 8 per cent at all measurement points from the values measured for the same points by the technical service on the engine submitted for testing.
   5.3.4.   Engine family
   In case of compliance of the parent engine to the conditions in paragraphs 5.3.1 and 5.3.2, the acceptance is automatically extended to all the declared curves of the family members.
   6.   CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
   The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with the following requirements:
   
               6.1.
            
            
               Engines approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved.
            
         
               6.2.
            
            
               The minimum requirements for conformity of production control procedures set forth in Annex 6 to this Regulation shall be complied with.
            
         7.   PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
   
               7.1.
            
            
               The approval granted in respect of an engine type or an engine family pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth in paragraph 6.1. above are not met or if an engine or an engine family bearing the approval mark does not conform to the type approved.
            
         
               7.2.
            
            
               If a Contracting Party to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
            
         8.   MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF AN ENGINE TYPE OR ENGINE FAMILY
   
               8.1.
            
            
               Every modification of an engine type or an engine family with regard to the characteristics in Annex 1, shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the engine type or engine family. The department may then either:
               
                           8.1.1.
                        
                        
                           Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have any appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the engine still complies with the requirements; or
                        
                     
                           8.1.2.
                        
                        
                           Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.
                        
                     
         
               8.2.
            
            
               Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.
            
         
               8.3.
            
            
               The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
            
         9.   PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
   If the holder of an approval completely ceases to manufacture an engine type or an engine family approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
   10.   NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS, AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS
   The Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and/or the administrative departments which grant approval, and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
   
      (1)  As described in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) (TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend. 2).
   
      (2)  1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Serbia and Montenegro, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, 35 (vacant), 36 for Lithuania, 37 for Turkey, 38 (vacant), 39 for Azerbaijan, 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE symbol), 43 for Japan, 44 (vacant), 45 for Australia, 46 for Ukraine, 47 for South Africa, 48 for New Zealand, 49 for Cyprus, 50 for Malta and 51 for the Republic of Korea. Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.
   
      (3)  ‘Wobbe Index (lower Wl; or upper Wu)’ means the ratio of the corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions: 
   
      ANNEX 1
      
         Essential characteristics of the internal combustion engine and general information concerning the conduct of tests
      
      Parent engine/engine type (1): …
      1.   General
      
                  1.1.
               
               
                  Make (name of undertaking): …
               
            
                  1.2.
               
               
                  Type and commercial description of the parent — and (if applicable) of the family engine(s) (1): …
               
            
                  1.3.
               
               
                  Manufacturer’s type coding as marked on the engine(s) (1): …
               
            
                  1.4.
               
               
                  Specification of machinery to be propelled by the engine (2): …
               
            
                  1.5.
               
               
                  Name and address of manufacturer: …
               
            
                  1.6.
               
               
                  Name and address of manufacturer’s authorized representative (if any): …
               
            
                  1.7.
               
               
                  Location, coding and method of affixing of the engine identification: …
               
            
                  1.8.
               
               
                  Location and method of affixing of the approval mark: …
               
            
                  1.9.
               
               
                  Address(es) of assembly plant(s): …
               
            2.   Attachments
      
                  2.1.
               
               
                  Essential characteristics of the parent engine(s) (see Appendix 1) …
               
            
                  2.2.
               
               
                  Essential characteristics of the engine family (see Appendix 2) …
               
            
                  2.3.
               
               
                  Essential characteristics of engine types within the family (see Appendix 3) …
               
            3.   Characteristics of engine-related parts of the mobile machinery (if applicable) …
      4.   Photographs of the parent engine …
      5.   List of further attachments:
      
                  5.1.
               
               
                  Appendix 1/Appendix 2/Appendix 3 (1)
                  
               
            
                  5.2.
               
               
                  Declared power, torque and specific fuel consumption curves for engine/parent engine and engines within the family (1)
                  
               
            
                  5.3.
               
               
                  Any further attachments, if any: …
               
            
         (1)  Strike out what does not apply.
      
         (2)  List the types and models.
      
         APPENDIX 1
         
            ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE/PARENT ENGINE
             (1)
         
         1.   DESCRIPTION OF ENGINE
         1.1.   Manufacturer: …
         1.2.   Manufacturer’s engine code: …
         1.3.   Working principle: positive-ignition/compression-ignition, four-stroke/two-stroke (1)
         
         1.4.   Bore (2): …mm
         1.5.   Stroke (2): … mm
         1.6.   Number, layout and firing order of cylinders: …
         1.7.   Engine capacity (3): …cm3
         
         1.8.   Volumetric compression ratio (4): …
         1.9.   Combustion system description: …
         1.10.   Drawing(s) of combustion chamber and piston crown: …
         1.11.   Minimum cross-sectional area of inlet and outlet ports: …
         1.12.   Cooling system: liquid/air (1)
         
         1.12.1.   Liquid
         1.12.1.1.   Nature of liquid: …
         1.12.1.2.   Circulating pump(s): yes/no (1)
         
         1.12.1.3.   Characteristics or make(s) and type(s) (if applicable): …
         1.12.1.4.   Drive ratio(s) (if applicable): …
         1.12.2.   Air
         1.12.2.1.   Blower: yes/no (1)
         
         1.12.2.2.   Characteristics or make(s) and type(s) (if applicable): …
         1.12.2.3.   Drive ratio(s) (if applicable): …
         1.13.   Temperature permitted by the manufacturer
         1.13.1.   Liquid cooling: maximum temperature at outlet: … K
         1.13.2.   Air cooling: reference point: …
         1.13.3.   Maximum temperature at reference point: … K
         1.13.4.   Maximum charge air outlet temperature at the inlet inter-cooler (if applicable): …K
         1.13.5.   Maximum exhaust temperature at the point in the exhaust pipe(s) adjacent to the outer flange(s) of the exhaust manifold(s): … K
         1.13.6.   Lubricant temperature:
         
                      
                  
                  
                     minimum … K
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     maximum … K
                  
               1.14.   Pressure charger: yes/no (5)
         
         1.14.1.   Make: …
         1.14.2.   Type: …
         1.14.3.   Description of the system (e.g. max. charge pressure, waste-gate, if applicable): …
         1.14.4.   Inter-cooler: yes/no (5)
         
         1.15.   Intake system: maximum allowable intake depression at rated engine speed and at 100 % load: … kPa
         1.16.   Exhaust system: maximum allowable exhaust back-pressure at rated engine speed and at 100 % load: … kPa
         2.   ADDITIONAL ANTI-POLLUTION DEVICES (if any, and if not covered by another heading)
         2.1.   Description and/or diagram(s): …
         3.   FUEL FEED FOR COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
         3.1.   Feed pump
         3.1.1.   Pressure or characteristic diagram (6) … kPa
         3.2.   Injection system
         3.2.1.   Pump
         3.2.1.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.1.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.1.3.   Maximum fuel delivery: … mm3
             (5)
             (6) per stroke or cycle at full injection at pump speed of: … min–1 (rated) and … min–1 (maximum torque) respectively, or characteristic diagram: …
         3.2.1.3.1.   Mention the method used: on engine/on pump bench (5)
         
         3.2.1.4.   Injection advance
         3.2.1.4.1.   Injection advance curve (6): …
         3.2.1.4.2.   Timing (6): …
         3.2.2.   Injection piping
         3.2.2.1.   Length: … mm
         3.2.2.2.   Internal diameter: …mm
         3.2.3.   Injector(s)
         3.2.3.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.3.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.3.3.   Opening pressure or characteristic diagram (5)
             (6): … kPa
         3.2.4.   Governor
         3.2.4.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.4.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.4.3.   Speed at which cut-off starts under full load (7): … min–1
         
         3.2.4.4.   Maximum no-load speed (7): … min–1
         
         3.2.4.5.   Idling speed (7): …min–1
         
         3.3.   Cold start system
         3.3.1.   Make(s): …
         3.3.2.   Type(s): …
         3.3.3.   Description: …
         3.3.4.   Electronic Engine Management Control Unit
         3.3.4.1.   Make(s): …
         3.3.4.2.   Type: …
         3.3.4.3.   Emission related adjustment possibilities: …
         3.3.4.4.   Further documentation: …
         4.   FUEL FEED FOR POSITIVE-IGNITION ENGINES
         4.1.   Carburettor
         4.1.1.   Make(s): …
         4.1.2.   Type(s): …
         4.2.   Port fuel injection: single-point or multi-point (8)
         
         4.2.1.   Make(s): …
         4.2.2.   Type(s): …
         4.3.   Direct-injection
         4.3.1.   Make(s): …
         4.3.2.   Type(s): …
         4.4.   Fuel flow [g/h] and air/fuel ratio at rated speed and wide open throttle: …
         4.5.   Electronic Engine Management Control Unit: …
         4.5.1.   Make(s): …
         4.5.2.   Type: …
         4.5.3.   Emission related adjustment possibilities: …
         4.5.4.   Further documentation: …
         5.   VALVE TIMING
         5.1.   Maximum lift and angles of opening and closing in relation to dead centres or equivalent data: …
         5.2.   Reference and/or setting ranges (9): …
         5.3.   Variable valve timing system (if applicable and where: intake and/or exhaust) (9):
         5.3.1.   Type: continuous or on/off (9)
         
         5.3.2.   Cam phase shift angle: …
         6.   PORTING CONFIGURATION
         6.1.   Position, size and number: …
         7.   IGNITION SYSTEM
         7.1.   Ignition coil
         7.1.1.   Make(s): …
         7.1.2.   Type(s): …
         7.1.3.   Number: …
         7.2.   Spark plug(s)
         7.2.1.   Make(s): …
         7.2.2.   Type(s): …
         7.3.   Magneto
         7.3.1.   Make(s): …
         7.3.2.   Type(s): …
         7.4.   Ignition timing
         7.4.1.   Static advance with respect to Top Dead Center [crank angle degrees] …
         7.4.2.   Advance curve, if applicable …
         8.   Engine performance (declared by the manufacturer)
         
                     Rated speed (min–1)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Maximum power speed (min–1)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Maximum torque speed (min–1)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Rated net power (kW)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Maximum net power (kW)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Maximum net torque (Nm)
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
            (1)  Strike out what does not apply.
         
            (2)  This value shall be rounded-off to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.
         
            (3)  This value shall be calculated with π = 3,1416 and rounded-off to the nearest cm3.
         
            (4)  Specify the tolerance.
         
            (5)  Strike out what does not apply.
         
            (6)  Specify the tolerance.
         
            (7)  Specify the tolerance.
         
            (8)  Strike out what does not apply.
         
            (9)  Strike out what does not apply.
      
      
         APPENDIX 2
         
            ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE FAMILY
         
         1.   COMMON PARAMETERS (1)
         
         
                     1.1.
                  
                  
                     Combustion cycle: …
                  
               
                     1.2.
                  
                  
                     Cooling medium: …
                  
               
                     1.3.
                  
                  
                     Method of air aspiration: …
                  
               
                     1.4.
                  
                  
                     Combustion chamber type/design: …
                  
               
                     1.5.
                  
                  
                     Valve and porting — configuration, size and number: …
                  
               
                     1.6.
                  
                  
                     Fuel system: …
                  
               
                     1.7.
                  
                  
                     Engine management systems
                     Proof of identity pursuant to drawing number(s): …
                     
                                 1.7.1.
                              
                              
                                 charge cooling system: …
                              
                           
                                 1.7.2.
                              
                              
                                 exhaust gas recirculation (2): …
                              
                           
                                 1.7.3.
                              
                              
                                 water injection/emulsion (2): …
                              
                           
                                 1.7.4.
                              
                              
                                 air injection (2): …
                              
                           
               
                     1.8.
                  
                  
                     Proof of identical (or lowest for the parent engine) ratio: system capacity/fuel delivery per stroke, pursuant to diagram number(s) (3): …
                  
               2.   ENGINE FAMILY LISTING
         
                     2.1.
                  
                  
                     Name of engine family: …
                  
               
                     2.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification of engines within this family: …
                     …
                     …
                     
                                 Specification
                              
                              
                                 Engines of the family
                              
                              
                                 Parent engine (1)
                                 
                              
                           
                                 Engine type
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 No. of cylinders
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Rated speed (min-1)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Fuel delivery per stroke (mm3) for compression-ignition engines, fuel flow (g/h) for positive-ignition engines
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Rated net power (kW)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Maximum net power (kW)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Maximum power speed (min-1)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Maximum torque speed (min-1)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Fuel delivery per stroke (mm3)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Maximum torque (Nm)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Low idle speed (min-1)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
                                 Cylinder displacement (in % of the largest one) (see Annex 5, para. 1.3)
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                              
                                  
                              
                           
               
            (1)  For full details see Annex 1 — Appendix 1.
         
            (2)  Give all pertinent technical data.
         
            (3)  See Annex 5, paragraph 1.9.
      
      
         APPENDIX 3
         
            Essential characteristics of engine type within the family
             (1)
         
         1.   DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGINE
         1.1.   Manufacturer: …
         1.2.   Manufacturer’s engine code: …
         1.3.   Cycle: four-stroke/two-stroke (2)
         
         1.4.   Bore (3): …mm
         1.5.   Stroke (3): …mm
         1.6.   Number, layout and firing order of cylinders: …
         1.7.   Engine capacity (4): …cm3
         
         1.8.   Rated speed: …min–1
         
         1.9.   Maximum torque speed: … min–1
         
         1.10.   Volumetric compression ratio (5): …
         1.11.   Combustion system description: …
         1.12.   Drawing(s) of combustion chamber and piston crown: …
         1.13.   Minimum cross-sectional area of inlet and outlet ports: …
         1.14.   Cooling system: liquid/air (2)
         
         1.14.1.   Liquid
         1.14.1.1.   Nature of liquid: …
         1.14.1.2.   Circulating pump(s): yes/no (2)
         
         1.14.1.3.   Characteristics or make(s) and type(s) (if applicable): …
         1.14.1.4.   Drive ratio(s) (if applicable): …
         1.14.2.   Air
         1.14.2.1.   Blower: yes/no (2)
         
         1.14.2.2.   Characteristics or make(s) and type(s) (if applicable): …
         1.14.2.3.   Drive ratio(s) (if applicable): …
         1.15.   Temperature permitted by the manufacturer
         1.15.1.   Liquid cooling: maximum temperature at outlet: … K
         1.15.2.   Air cooling:
         
                      
                  
                  
                     reference point: …
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     maximum temperature at reference point: … K
                  
               1.15.3.   Maximum charge air outlet temperature at the inlet intercooler (if applicable): …K
         1.15.4.   Maximum exhaust temperature at the point in the exhaust pipe(s) adjacent to the outer flange(s) of the exhaust manifold(s): … K
         1.15.5.   Lubricant temperature:
         
                      
                  
                  
                     minimum … K
                  
               
                      
                  
                  
                     maximum …K
                  
               1.16.   Pressure charger: yes/no (6)
         
         1.16.1.   Make: …
         1.16.2.   Type: …
         1.16.3.   Description of the system (e.g. max charge pressure, waste-gate, if applicable):
         1.16.4.   Inter-cooler: yes/no (6)
         
         1.17.   Intake system: maximum allowable intake depression at rated engine speed and at 100 % load: … kPa
         1.18.   Exhaust system: maximum allowable exhaust back-pressure at rated engine speed and at 100 % load: … kPa
         2.   ADDITIONAL ANTI-POLLUTION DEVICES (if any, and if not covered by another heading)
         Description and/or diagram(s): …
         3.   FUEL FEED FOR COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
         3.1.   Feed pump
         Pressure (7) or characteristic diagram: … kPa
         3.2.   Injection system
         3.2.1.   Pump
         3.2.1.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.1.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.1.3.   Maximum fuel delivery: … mm3
             (6)
             (7) per stroke or cycle at full injection at pump speed of: … min–1 (rated) and … min–1 (maximum torque) respectively, or characteristic diagram: …
         3.2.1.3.1.   Mention the method used: on engine/on pump bench (8)
         
         3.2.1.4.   Injection advance
         3.2.1.4.1.   Injection advance curve (7): …
         3.2.1.4.2.   Timing (7): …
         3.2.2.   Injection piping
         3.2.2.1.   Length: … mm
         3.2.2.2.   Internal diameter: …mm
         3.2.3.   Injector(s)
         3.2.3.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.3.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.3.3.   Opening pressure or characteristic diagram (6)
             (7): … kPa
         3.2.4.   Governor
         3.2.4.1.   Make(s): …
         3.2.4.2.   Type(s): …
         3.2.4.3.   Speed at which cut-off starts under full load (7): … min–1
         
         3.2.4.4.   Maximum no-load speed (7): … min–1
         
         3.2.4.5.   Idling speed (7): …min–1
         
         3.3.   Cold start system
         3.3.1.   Make(s): …
         3.3.2.   Type(s): …
         3.3.3.   Description: …
         3.4.   Electronic Engine Management Control Unit:
         3.4.1.   Make(s): …
         3.4.2.   Type: …
         3.4.3.   Emission related adjustment possibilities: …
         3.4.4.   Further documentation: …
         4.   FUEL FEED FOR POSITIVE-IGNITION ENGINES
         4.1.   Carburettor
         4.1.1.   Make(s): …
         4.1.2.   Type(s): …
         4.2.   Port fuel injection: single-point or multi-point (9)
         
         4.2.1.   Make(s): …
         4.2.2.   Type(s): …
         4.3.   Direct-injection
         4.3.1.   Make(s): …
         4.3.2.   Type(s): …
         4.4.   Fuel flow [g/h] and air/fuel ratio at rated speed and wide open throttle
         4.5.   Electronic engine management control unit
         4.5.1.   Make(s): …
         4.5.2.   Type: …
         4.5.3.   Emission related adjustment possibilities: …
         4.5.4.   Further documentation: …
         5.   VALVE TIMING
         5.1.   Maximum lift and angles of opening and closing in relation to dead centers or equivalent data: …
         5.2.   Reference and/or setting range (9): …
         5.3.   Variable valve timing system (if applicable and where: intake and/or exhaust) (9):
         5.3.1.   Type: continuous or on/off (9)
         
         5.3.2.   Cam phase shift angle: …
         6.   PORTING CONFIGURATION
         6.1.   Position, size and number: …
         7.   IGNITION SYSTEM
         7.1.   Ignition coil
         7.1.1.   Make(s): …
         7.1.2.   Type(s): …
         7.1.3.   Number
         7.2.   Spark plug(s)
         7.2.1.   Make(s): …
         7.2.2.   Type(s): …
         7.3.   Magneto
         7.3.1.   Make(s): …
         7.3.2.   Type(s): …
         7.4.   Ignition timing
         7.4.1.   Static advance with respect to Top Dead Center [crank angle degrees]: …
         7.4.2.   Advance curve, if applicable: …
         
            (1)  For full details see Annex 1 — Appendix 1.
         
            (2)  Strike out what does not apply.
         
            (3)  This value shall be rounded-off to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.
         
            (4)  This value shall be calculated with π = 3,1416 and rounded-off to the nearest cm3.
         
            (5)  Specify the tolerance.
         
            (6)  For full details see Annex 1 — Appendix 1.
         
            (7)  Strike out what does not apply.
         
            (8)  This value shall be rounded-off to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.
         
            (9)  Strike out what does not apply.
      
   
   
      ANNEX 2
      
         COMMUNICATION
      
      (Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
      
         
      
         
   
   
      ANNEX 3
      
         ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS
      
      MODEL A
      (see paragraph 4.4 of this Regulation)
      
         
      MODEL B
      (see paragraph 4.5 of this Regulation)
      
         
      
         (1)  The second number is given merely as an example.
   
   
      ANNEX 4
      
         Method for measuring internal combustion engine net power
      
      1.   These provisions apply to the method for determining the power curve at full load of an internal combustion engine operated under intermittent speed as a function of engine speed and the rated speed and rated net power of an internal combustion engine under constant speed.
      2.   TEST CONDITIONS
      2.1.   The engine shall have been run-in according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
      2.2.   If the power measurement can be carried out only on an engine with the gearbox mounted, the efficiency of the gearbox shall be taken into account.
      2.3.   Auxiliaries and equipment
      2.3.1.   Auxiliaries and equipment to be fitted
      During the test, the auxiliaries necessary for the engine operation in the intended application (as listed in Table 1) shall be installed on the test bench as far as possible in the same position as in the intended application.
      2.3.2.   Auxiliaries and equipment to be removed
      Certain accessories whose definition is linked with the operation of the machine and which may be mounted on the engine shall be removed for the test. The following non-exhaustive list is given as a sample:
      
                  (i)
               
               
                  air compressor for brakes
               
            
                  (ii)
               
               
                  power steering compressor
               
            
                  (iii)
               
               
                  suspension compressor
               
            
                  (iv)
               
               
                  air-conditioning system
               
            Where accessories cannot be removed, the power they absorb in the unloaded condition may be determined and added to the measured engine power (see note h of Table 1). If this value is greater than 3 per cent of the maximum power at the test speed it may verified by the test authority.
      
         Table 1
      
      
         Equipment and auxiliaries to be installed for the test to determine engine power
      
      
                  Number
               
               
                  Equipment and auxiliaries
               
               
                  Fitted for emission test
               
            
                  1
               
               
                  Inlet system
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Inlet manifold
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Crankcase emission control system
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Control devices for dual induction inlet manifold system
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Air flow meter
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Air inlet duct work
               
               
                  Yes. (1)
                  
               
            
                  Air filter
               
               
                  Yes. (1)
                  
               
            
                  Inlet silencer
               
               
                  Yes. (1)
                  
               
            
                  Speed-limiting device
               
               
                  Yes. (1)
                  
               
            
                  2
               
               
                  Induction-heating device of inlet manifold
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. If possible to be set in the most favourable condition.
               
            
                  3
               
               
                  Exhaust system
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Exhaust purifier
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Exhaust manifold
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Connecting pipes
               
               
                  Yes. (2)
                  
               
            
                  Silencer
               
               
                  Yes. (2)
                  
               
            
                  Tail pipe
               
               
                  Yes. (2)
                  
               
            
                  Exhaust brake
               
               
                  No. (3)
                  
               
            
                  Pressure charging device
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  4
               
               
                  Fuel supply pump
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (4)
                  
               
            
                  5
               
               
                  Carburation equipment
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Carburettor
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Electronic control system, air flow meter, etc.
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Equipment for gas engines
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Pressure reducer
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Evaporator
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Mixer
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  6
               
               
                  Fuel injection equipment (petrol and diesel)
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Pre-filter
               
               
                  Yes, standard production or test bed equipment.
               
            
                  Filter
               
               
                  Yes, standard production or test bed equipment.
               
            
                  Pump
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  High-pressure pipe
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Injector
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Air inlet valve
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (5)
                  
               
            
                  Electronic control system, air flow meter, etc.
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Governor/control system
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Automatic full-load stop for the control rack depending on atmospheric conditions
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  7
               
               
                  Liquid-cooling equipment
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Radiator
               
               
                  No.
               
            
                  Fan
               
               
                  No.
               
            
                  Fan cowl
               
               
                  No.
               
            
                  Water pump
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (6)
                  
               
            
                  Thermostat
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (7)
                  
               
            
                  8
               
               
                  Air cooling
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Cowl
               
               
                  No. (8)
                  
               
            
                  Fan or Blower
               
               
                  No. (8)
                  
               
            
                  Temperature-regulating device
               
               
                  No.
               
            
                  9
               
               
                  Electrical equipment
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Generator
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (9)
                  
               
            
                  Spark distribution system
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Coil or coils
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Wiring
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Spark plugs
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Electronic control system including knock sensor/spark retard system
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  10
               
               
                  Pressure charging equipment
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Compressor driven either directly by the engine and/or by the exhaust gases
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  Charge air cooler
               
               
                  Yes, standard production or test bed equipment. (8), (10)
                  
               
            
                  Coolant pump or fan (engine-driven)
               
               
                  No. (8)
                  
               
            
                  Coolant flow control device
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            
                  11
               
               
                  Auxiliary test-bed fan
               
               
                  Yes, if necessary.
               
            
                  12
               
               
                  Anti-pollution device
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment. (11)
                  
               
            
                  13
               
               
                  Starting equipment
               
               
                  Test bed equipment. (12)
                  
               
            
                  14
               
               
                  Lubricating oil pump
               
               
                  Yes, standard production equipment.
               
            2.4.   Setting conditions
      The setting conditions for the test to determine the net power are indicated in Table 2.
      
         Table 2
      
      
         Setting conditions
      
      
                  
                              1.
                           
                           
                              Setting of carburettor(s), evaporator/pressure regulator
                           
                        
               
                  In accordance with the manufacturer’s production specifications, and used without further alteration for the particular application.
               
            
                  
                              2.
                           
                           
                              Setting of injection pump delivery system
                           
                        
            
                  
                              3.
                           
                           
                              Ignition or injection timing (timing curve)
                           
                        
            
                  
                              4.
                           
                           
                              Governor setting
                           
                        
            
                  
                              5.
                           
                           
                              Emission control devices
                           
                        
            
                  
                              6.
                           
                           
                              Boost Control
                           
                        
            3.   DATA TO BE RECORDED
      
                  3.1.
               
               
                  Data to be recorded are those indicated in paragraph 4 of the appendix to this annex. Performance data shall be obtained under stabilised operating conditions with an adequate fresh air supply to the engine. Combustion chambers may contain deposits, but in limited quantity. Test conditions, such as inlet air temperature, shall be selected as near to reference conditions (see paragraph 5.2 of this annex) as possible in order to minimise the magnitude of the correction factor.
               
            
                  3.2.
               
               
                  The temperature of the inlet air to the engine shall be measured within the inlet ductwork. The inlet depression measurement shall be made at the same point. The thermometer or thermocouple shall be shielded from fuel spray-back and radiant heat and located directly in the air stream. A sufficient number of locations shall be used to give a representative average of the inlet temperature.
               
            
                  3.3.
               
               
                  The inlet depression shall be measured downstream of the entry ducts, air filter, inlet silencer or speed-limiting device (if fitted).
               
            
                  3.4.
               
               
                  The absolute pressure at the entry to the engine downstream of the compressor and heat exchanger, if fitted, shall be measured in the inlet manifold and at any other point where pressure has to be measured to calculate correction factors.
               
            
                  3.5.
               
               
                  The exhaust back pressure shall be measured at a point at least three pipe diameters downstream from the outlet flange(s) of the exhaust manifold(s) and downstream at the turbocharger(s), if fitted. The location shall be specified.
               
            
                  3.6.
               
               
                  No data shall be taken until torque, speed and temperatures have been maintained substantially constant for at least one minute.
               
            
                  3.7.
               
               
                  The engine speed during a run or reading shall not deviate from the selected speed by more than ± 1 per cent or ± 10 min, whichever is greater.
               
            
                  3.8.
               
               
                  Observed brake load, fuel consumption and inlet air temperature data shall be taken simultaneously and shall be the average of two stabilised consecutive values which do not vary more than 2 per cent for the brake load.
               
            
                  3.9.
               
               
                  The temperature of the coolant at the outlet from the engine shall be kept at the value specified by the manufacturer.
                  If no temperature is specified by the manufacturer, the temperature shall be 353 K ± 5 K. For air-cooled engines, the temperature at a point indicated by the manufacturer shall be kept within + 0/– 20 K of the maximum value specified by the manufacturer in the reference conditions.
               
            
                  3.10.
               
               
                  For C.I. engines, the fuel temperature shall be measured at the inlet of the fuel injection pump and maintained within 306-316 K (33-43 °C). For positive-ignition engines the fuel temperature shall be measured as near as possible to the inlet of the carburettor or assembly of fuel injectors and maintained within 293-303 K (20-30 °C).
               
            
                  3.11.
               
               
                  The temperature of the lubricating oil measured in the oil pump or at the outlet from the coil cooler, if fitted, shall be maintained within the limits established by the engine manufacturer.
               
            
                  3.12.
               
               
                  An auxiliary regulating system may be used if necessary to maintain the temperatures within the limits specified in paragraphs 3.9, 3.10 and 3.11 above of this annex.
               
            4.   ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS
      
                  4.1.
               
               
                  Torque: ± 1 per cent of measured torque. The torque measuring system shall be calibrated to take friction losses into account. The accuracy in the lower half of the measuring range of the dynamometer bench may be ± 2 per cent of measured torque.
               
            
                  4.2.
               
               
                  Engine speed: 0,5 per cent of measured speed.
               
            
                  4.3.
               
               
                  Fuel consumption: ± 1 per cent of measured consumption.
               
            
                  4.4.
               
               
                  Fuel temperature: ± 2 K.
               
            
                  4.5.
               
               
                  Engine inlet air temperature: ± 2 K.
               
            
                  4.6.
               
               
                  Barometric pressure: ± 100 Pa.
               
            
                  4.7.
               
               
                  Depression in inlet system: ± 50 Pa.
               
            
                  4.8.
               
               
                  Back-pressure in exhaust system: ± 200 Pa.
               
            5.   POWER CORRECTION FACTORS
      5.1.   Definition
      The power correction factor is the coefficient to determine the engine power under the reference atmospheric conditions specified in 5.2 below.
      Po = α P
      where:
      
                  Po
                  
               
               
                  is the corrected power (i.e. power under reference atmospheric conditions)
               
            
                  α
               
               
                  is the correction factor (αa or αd)
               
            
                  P
               
               
                  is the measured power (test power)
               
            5.2.   Reference atmospheric conditions
      5.2.1.   Temperature (To): 298 K (25 °C)
      5.2.2.   Dry pressure (Pso): 99 kPa
      The dry pressure is based on a total pressure of 100 kPa and a water vapour pressure of 1 kPa.
      5.3.   Test atmospheric conditions
      The atmospheric conditions during the test shall be the following:
      5.3.1.   Temperature (T)
      
                  For positive-ignition engines
               
               
                  :
               
               
                  288 K ≤ T ≤ 308 K
               
            
                  For compression-ignition engines
               
               
                  :
               
               
                  283 K ≤ T ≤ 313 K
               
            5.3.2.   Pressure (ps)
      90 kPa < ps < 110 kPa
      5.4.   Determination of correction factor αa and αd
          (13)
      
      5.4.1.   Naturally aspirated or pressure-charged positive-ignition engine
      The correction factor αa is obtained by applying the formula:
      
         
      where:
      
                  ps
                  
               
               
                  is the total dry atmospheric pressure in kilopascals (kPa); i.e. the total barometric pressure minus water vapour pressure,
               
            
                  T
               
               
                  is the absolute temperature in kelvins (K) of the air drawn in by the engine.
               
            Conditions to be complied with in the laboratory
      For a test to be valid, the correction factor must be such that
      0,96 ≤ αa ≤ 1,06
      If these limits are exceeded, the corrected value obtained shall be given and the test conditions (temperature and pressure) precisely stated in the test report.
      5.4.2.   Compression-ignition engines – factor αd
      
      The power correction factor (αd) for compression-ignition engines at constant fuel rate is obtained by applying the formula:
      αd = (fa)fm
      
      where:
      
                  fa
                  
               
               
                  is the atmospheric factor
               
            
                  fm
                  
               
               
                  the characteristic parameter for each type of engine and adjustment
               
            5.4.2.1.   Atmospheric factor fa
      
      This factor indicates the effects of environmental conditions (pressure, temperature and humidity) on the air drawn in by the engine. The atmospheric factor formula differs according to the type of engine.
      5.4.2.1.1.   Naturally aspirated and mechanically pressure charged engines
      
         
      5.4.2.1.2.   Turbocharged engines with or without charge air cooling
      
         
      5.4.2.2.   Engine factor fm
      
      fm is a function of qc (fuel flow corrected) as follows:
      
                   
               
               
                  fm = 0,036 qc – 1,14
                  and
               
            
                   
               
               
                  qc = q/r
               
            where:
      
                  q
               
               
                  is the fuel flow in milligram per cycle per litre of total swept volume (mg/(l.cycle))
               
            
                  r
               
               
                  is the pressure ratio of compressor outlet and compressor inlet (r = 1 for naturally aspirated engines)
               
            This formula is valid for a value interval of qc included between 37,2 mg/(l.cycle) and 65 mg/(l.cycle).
      For qc values lower than 37,2 mg/(l.cycle), a constant value of fm equal to 0,2 (fm = 0,2) will be taken.
      For qc values higher than 65 mg/(l.cycle), a constant value of fm equal to 1,2 (fm = 1,2) will be taken (see figure):
      
         
      5.4.2.3.   Conditions to be complied with in the laboratory
      For a test to be valid, the correction factors αa must be such that
      0,93 ≤ αa ≤ 1,07
      If these limits are exceeded, the corrected value obtained shall be given and the test conditions (temperature and pressure) precisely stated in the test report.
      
         (1)  The complete inlet system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application:
      
                  (i)
               
               
                  where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power;
               
            
                  (ii)
               
               
                  in the case of naturally aspirated spark ignition engines;
               
            
                  (iii)
               
               
                  when the manufacturer requests that this should be done.
               
            In other cases, an equivalent system may be used and a check should be made to ascertain that the intake pressure does not differ by more than 100 Pa from the upper limit specified by the manufacturer for a clean air filter.
      
         (2)  The complete exhaust system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application:
      
                  (i)
               
               
                  where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power;
               
            
                  (ii)
               
               
                  in the case of naturally aspirated spark ignition engines;
               
            
                  (iii)
               
               
                  when the manufacturer requests that this should be done.
               
            In other cases, an equivalent system may be installed provided the pressure measured does not differ by more than 1 000 Pa from the upper limit specified by the manufacturer.
      
         (3)  If an exhaust brake is incorporated in the engine, the throttle valve shall be fixed in the fully open position.
      
         (4)  The fuel feed pressure may be adjusted, if necessary, to reproduce the pressure existing in the particular engine application (particularly when a ‘fuel return’ system is used).
      
         (5)  The air intake valve is the control valve for the pneumatic governor of the injection pump. The governor or the fuel injection equipment may contain other devices which may affect the amount of injected fuel.
      
         (6)  The cooling-liquid circulation shall be operated by the engine water pump only. Cooling of the liquid may be produced by an external circuit, such that the pressure loss of this circuit and the pressure at the pump inlet remain substantially the same as those of the engine cooling system.
      
         (7)  The thermostat may be fixed in the fully open position.
      
         (8)  When the cooling fan or blower is fitted for the test, the power absorbed shall be added to the results, except for engines where such auxiliaries are an integral part of the engine (i.e.: cooling fans of air cooled engines directly fitted on the crankshaft). The fan or blower power shall be determined at the speeds used for the test either by calculation from standard characteristics or by practical tests.
      
         (9)  Minimum power of the generator: the electrical power of the generator shall be limited to that necessary for operation of accessories which are indispensable for engine operation. If the connection of a battery is necessary, a fully charged battery in good condition shall be used.
      
         (10)  Charge air-cooled engines shall be tested with charge air cooling, whether liquid – or air-cooled, but if the manufacturer prefers, a test bench system may replace the air cooler. In either case, the measurement of power at each speed shall be made with the maximum pressure drop and the minimum temperature drop of the engine air across the charge air cooler on the test bench system as those specified by the manufacturer.
      
         (11)  These may include, for example, exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR system), catalytic converter, thermal reactor, secondary air-supply system and fuel evaporation protecting system.
      
         (12)  The power for electrical or other starting systems shall be provided from the test bed.
      
         (13)  The tests may be carried out in air-conditioned test rooms where the atmospheric conditions may be controlled.
      In the case of engines fitted with automatic air temperature control, if the device is such that at full load at 25 °C no heated air is added, the test shall be carried out with the device fully closed. If the device is still operating at 25 °C then the test is made with the device operating normally and the exponent of the temperature term in the correction factor shall be taken as zero (no temperature correction).
      
         APPENDIX
         
            RESULTS OF TESTS FOR MEASURING NET ENGINE POWER
         
         This form shall be completed by the laboratory performing the test.
         1.   TEST CONDITIONS
         
                     1.1.
                  
                  
                     Location of exhaust back-pressure measuring point
                  
               
                     1.2.
                  
                  
                     Location of inlet depression measuring point
                  
               
                     1.3.
                  
                  
                     Characteristics of the dynamometer
                  
               
                     1.3.1.
                  
                  
                     Make: …Model: …
                  
               
                     1.3.2.
                  
                  
                     Type: …
                  
               2.   FUEL
         
                     2.1.
                  
                  
                     For positive-ignition engines operating on liquid fuel
                  
               
                     2.1.1.
                  
                  
                     Make: …
                  
               
                     2.1.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification: …
                  
               
                     2.1.3.
                  
                  
                     Anti-knock additive (lead, etc.): …
                  
               
                     2.1.3.1.
                  
                  
                     Type: …
                  
               
                     2.1.3.2.
                  
                  
                     Content: … mg/l
                  
               
                     2.1.4.
                  
                  
                     Octane number RON: … (ASTM D 26 99-70)
                  
               
                     2.1.4.1.
                  
                  
                     Specify density: … g/cm3 at 288 K
                  
               
                     2.1.4.2.
                  
                  
                     Lower calorific value: …kJ/kg
                  
               
                     2.2.
                  
                  
                     For positive-ignition engines operating on gaseous fuel
                  
               
                     2.2.1.
                  
                  
                     Make: …
                  
               
                     2.2.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification: …
                  
               
                     2.2.3.
                  
                  
                     Storage pressure: … bar
                  
               
                     2.2.4.
                  
                  
                     Utilization pressure: … bar
                  
               
                     2.2.5.
                  
                  
                     Lower calorific value: …kJ/kg
                  
               
                     2.3.
                  
                  
                     For compression-ignition engines operating on gaseous fuels
                  
               
                     2.3.1.
                  
                  
                     Feed system: gas
                  
               
                     2.3.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification of gas used: …
                  
               
                     2.3.3.
                  
                  
                     Fuel oil/gas proportion: …
                  
               
                     2.3.4.
                  
                  
                     Lower calorific value: …
                  
               
                     2.4.
                  
                  
                     For compression-ignition engines operating on liquid fuel
                  
               
                     2.4.1.
                  
                  
                     Make: …
                  
               
                     2.4.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification of fuel used: …
                  
               
                     2.4.3.
                  
                  
                     Cetane number (ASTM D 976-71): …
                  
               
                     2.4.4.
                  
                  
                     Specify density: … g/cm3 at 288 K
                  
               
                     2.4.5.
                  
                  
                     Lower calorific value: …kJ/kg
                  
               3.   LUBRICANT
         
                     3.1.
                  
                  
                     Make: …
                  
               
                     3.2.
                  
                  
                     Specification: …
                  
               
                     3.3.
                  
                  
                     SAE viscosity: …
                  
               Detailed results of measurements (1)
         
         
                     Engine speed, min– 1
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Measured torque, Nm
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Measured power, kW
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Measured fuel flow, g/h
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Barometric pressure, kPa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Water vapour pressure, kPa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Inlet air temperature, K
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Power to be added for equipment and auxiliaries in excess of Table 1, kW
                  
                  
                     No 1
                     No 2
                     No 3
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Total, kW
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Power correction factor
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Corrected brake power, kW
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Net power, kW
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Net torque, Nm
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Corrected specific fuel consumption g/(kWh) (2)
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Cooling liquid temperature at outlet, K
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Lubricating oil temperature at measuring point, K
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Air temperature after pressure-charger, K (3)
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Fuel temperature at injection pump inlet, K
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Air temperature after charge air cooler, K (3)
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Pressure after pressure-charger, kPa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Pressure after charge air cooler, kPa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Inlet depression, Pa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Exhaust back-pressure, Pa
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
                     Fuel delivery, mm3/stroke or cycle (3)
                     
                  
                  
                      
                  
                  
                      
                  
               
            (1)  The characteristic curves of the net power and the net torque shall be drawn as a function of the engine speed.
         
            (2)  Calculated with the net power for compression-ignition and positive-ignition engines, in the latter case multiplied by the power correction factor.
         
            (3)  Strike out what does not apply.
      
   
   
      ANNEX 5
      
         ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE FAMILY
      
      1.   PARAMETERS DEFINING THE ENGINE FAMILY
      The engine family may be defined by basic design parameters which must be common to engines within the family. In some cases there may be interaction of parameters. These effect must also be taken into consideration to ensure that only engines with similar exhaust emission characteristics are included within an engine family.
      In order that engines be considered to belong to the same engine family, the following list of basic parameters must be common:
      
                  1.1.
               
               
                  Combustion cycle
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              four-stroke
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              two-stroke
                           
                        
            
                  1.2.
               
               
                  Cooling medium:
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              air
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              water
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              oil
                           
                        
            
                  1.3.
               
               
                  Individual cylinder displacement
                  Individual cylinder displacement, within 85 and 100 per cent of the largest displacement within the engine family.
               
            
                  1.4.
               
               
                  Method of air aspiration
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              naturally aspirated
                              pressure-charged
                           
                        
            
                  1.5.
               
               
                  Fuel type
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              diesel
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              petrol
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              gaseous fuel (NG or LPG)
                           
                        
            
                  1.6.
               
               
                  Combustion chamber type/design
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              pre-chamber
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              swirl chamber
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              open chamber
                           
                        
            
                  1.7.
               
               
                  Valve and porting – configuration, size and number
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              cylinder head
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              cylinder wall
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              crankcase
                           
                        
            
                  1.8.
               
               
                  Fuel system
                  
                              1.8.1.
                           
                           
                              For compression-ignition engines
                              
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          pump-line-injector
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          in-line pump
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          distributor pump
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          single element
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          unit injector
                                       
                                    
                        
                              1.8.2.
                           
                           
                              For positive-ignition engines
                              
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          carburettor
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          port fuel injection
                                       
                                    
                                           
                                       
                                       
                                          direct injection
                                       
                                    
                        
            
                  1.9.
               
               
                  Miscellaneous features
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              exhaust gas recirculation
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              water injection (emulsion)
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              air injection
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              charge cooling system
                           
                        
            
                  1.10.
               
               
                  Exhaust after-treatment
                  
                               
                           
                           
                              oxidation catalyst
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              reduction catalyst
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              thermal reactor
                           
                        
                               
                           
                           
                              particulate trap
                           
                        
            2.   CHOICE OF THE PARENT ENGINE
      
                  2.1.
               
               
                  In the case of diesel engines the parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criteria of the highest fuel delivery per stroke at the declared maximum torque speed.
                  In the event that two or more engines share this primary criteria, the parent engine shall be selected using the secondary criteria of highest fuel delivery per stroke at rated speed. Under certain circumstances, the approval authority may conclude that the family can best be characterized by testing a second engine. Thus, the approval authority may select an additional engine for test.
               
            
                  2.2.
               
               
                  In the case of S.I. engines the parent engine of the family shall be selected using the primary criteria of the fuel flow (g/h).
               
            
   
      ANNEX 6
      
         CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
      
      1.   GENERAL
      These requirements are consistent with tests to be held to check conformity of production (COP), according to paragraph 6.2 of this Regulation.
      2.   TEST PROCEDURES
      The methods of testing and measuring instruments shall be those described in Annex 4 to this Regulation.
      3.   COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
      3.1.   Case of an engine type
      One engine has to be chosen. If after the test of paragraph 5.1 below, the engine is not considered as conforming to the requirements of this Regulation, two more engines have to be tested.
      3.2.   Case of a family of engines
      In case of an approval granted to a family of engines the COP shall be run on one member of the family, which is not the parent engine. In case of failure of the COP test, the two more engines shall be of the same member type.
      4.   MEASUREMENT CRITERIA
      4.1.   Net power and specific fuel consumption of internal combustion engine
      Measurements shall be taken at a sufficient number of engine speeds to define correctly the power, torque and specific fuel consumption curves between the lowest and the highest engine speeds recommended by the manufacturer as defined in paragraphs 2.9 and 2.11 of this Regulation.
      The values measured by the technical service for the engine sampled shall not differ by more than ± 5 per cent for the net power (torque), and ± 10 per cent for the specific fuel consumption, at all measurement points on the curve with a tolerance of ± 5 per cent for engine speed.
      5.   EVALUATION OF RESULTS
      If the net power and fuel consumption figures of the second and/or third engine of paragraph 3 do not fulfil the requirements of paragraph 4 above, the production shall be considered not to conform to the requirements of this Regulation and the provision of paragraph 7 of this Regulation shall be put into effect.
   
   
      ANNEX 7
      
         TECHNICAL DATA OF REFERENCE FUELS
      
      1.   Technical data of the LPG reference fuels
      
                  Parameter
               
               
                  Unit
               
               
                  Limits fuel A
               
               
                  Limits fuel B
               
               
                  Test method
               
            
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
               
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
            
                  Motor octane number
               
               
                  1
               
               
                  92,5 (1)
                  
               
               
                   
               
               
                  92,5
               
               
                   
               
               
                  EN 589 Annex B
               
            
                  Composition:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  C3 content
               
               
                  % vol
               
               
                  48
               
               
                  52
               
               
                  83
               
               
                  87
               
               
                   
               
            
                  C4 content
               
               
                  % vol
               
               
                  48
               
               
                  52
               
               
                  13
               
               
                  17
               
               
                  ISO 7941
               
            
                  Olefins
               
               
                  % vol
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12
               
               
                   
               
               
                  14
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Evaporation residue
               
               
                  mg/kg
               
               
                   
               
               
                  50
               
               
                   
               
               
                  50
               
               
                  NFM 41-015
               
            
                  Total sulphur content
               
               
                  ppm mass (1)
                  
               
               
                   
               
               
                  50
               
               
                   
               
               
                  50
               
               
                  EN 24260
               
            
                  Hydrogen sulphide
               
               
                  —
               
               
                   
               
               
                  None
               
               
                   
               
               
                  None
               
               
                  ISO 8819
               
            
                  Copper strip corrosion
               
               
                  Rating
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Class 1
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Class 1
               
               
                  ISO 6251 (2)
                  
               
            
                  Water at 0 °C
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Free
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Free
               
               
                  Visual inspection
               
            2.   Technical data of NG reference fuels
      European market fuels are available in two ranges:
      
                  —
               
               
                  the H range, whose extreme reference fuels are GR and G23,
               
            
                  —
               
               
                  the L range, whose extreme reference fuels are G23 and G25.
               
            The characteristics of GR, G23 and G25 reference fuels are summarised below:
      
         Reference fuel GR
      
      
                  Characteristics
               
               
                  Units
               
               
                  Basis
               
               
                  Limits
               
               
                  Test method
               
            
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
            
                  Composition:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Methane
               
               
                   
               
               
                  87
               
               
                  84
               
               
                  89
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Ethane
               
               
                   
               
               
                  13
               
               
                  11
               
               
                  15
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Balance (3)
                  
               
               
                  %-mole
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  1
               
               
                  ISO 6974
               
            
                  Sulphur content
               
               
                  mg/m3
                      (4)
                  
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  10
               
               
                  ISO 6326-5
               
            
         
      
         Reference fuel G23
      
      
                  Characteristics
               
               
                  Units
               
               
                  Basis
               
               
                  Limits
               
               
                  Test method
               
            
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
            
                  Composition:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Methane
               
               
                   
               
               
                  92,5
               
               
                  91,5
               
               
                  93,5
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Balance (5)
                  
               
               
                  %-mole
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  1
               
               
                  ISO 6974
               
            
                  N2
                  
               
               
                   
               
               
                  7,5
               
               
                  6,5
               
               
                  8,5
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Sulphur content
               
               
                  mg/m3
                      (6)
                  
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  10
               
               
                  ISO 6326-5
               
            
         
      
         Reference fuel G25
      
      
                  Characteristics
               
               
                  Units
               
               
                  Basis
               
               
                  Limits
               
               
                  Test method
               
            
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
            
                  Composition:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Methane
               
               
                   
               
               
                  86
               
               
                  84
               
               
                  88
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Balance (7)
                  
               
               
                  %-mole
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  1
               
               
                  ISO 6974
               
            
                  N2
                  
               
               
                   
               
               
                  14
               
               
                  12
               
               
                  16
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Sulphur content
               
               
                  mg/m3
                      (8)
                  
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  10
               
               
                  ISO 6326-5
               
            3.   Reference fuel for positive-ignition engines
      
                  Parameter
               
               
                  Unit
               
               
                  Limits (2)
               
               
                  Test method
               
               
                  Publication
               
            
                  Minimum
               
               
                  Maximum
               
            
                  Research octane number, RON
               
               
                   
               
               
                  95,0
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  EN 25164
               
               
                  1993
               
            
                  Motor octane number, MON
               
               
                   
               
               
                  85,0
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  EN 25163
               
               
                  1993
               
            
                  Density at 15 °C
               
               
                  kg/m3
                  
               
               
                  748
               
               
                  775
               
               
                  ISO 3675
               
               
                  1995
               
            
                  Reid vapour pressure
               
               
                  kPa
               
               
                  56,0
               
               
                  95,0
               
               
                  EN 12
               
               
                  1993
               
            
                  Distillation:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              initial boiling point
                           
                        
               
                  °C
               
               
                  24
               
               
                  40
               
               
                  EN-ISO 3405
               
               
                  1988
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              evaporated at 100 °C
                           
                        
               
                  per cent v/v
               
               
                  49,0
               
               
                  57,0
               
               
                  EN-ISO 3405
               
               
                  1988
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              evaporated at 150 °C
                           
                        
               
                  per cent v/v
               
               
                  81,0
               
               
                  87,0
               
               
                  EN-ISO 3405
               
               
                  1988
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              final boiling point
                           
                        
               
                  °C
               
               
                  190
               
               
                  215
               
               
                  EN-ISO 3405
               
               
                  1988
               
            
                  Residue
               
               
                  per cent
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  2
               
               
                  EN-ISO 3405
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Hydrocarbon analysis:
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              olefins
                           
                        
               
                  per cent v/v
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  10
               
               
                  ASTM D 1319
               
               
                  1995
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              aromatics (4)
                           
                        
               
                  per cent v/v
               
               
                  28,0
               
               
                  40,0
               
               
                  ASTM D 1319
               
               
                  1995
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              benzene
                           
                        
               
                  per cent v/v
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  1,0
               
               
                  pr. EN 12177
               
               
                  1998
               
            
                  
                              —
                           
                           
                              saturates
                           
                        
               
                   
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  Balance
               
               
                  ASTM D 1319
               
               
                  1995
               
            
                  Carbon/hydrogen ratio
               
               
                   
               
               
                  Report
               
               
                  Report
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Oxidation stability (5)
               
               
                  mn.
               
               
                  480
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  EN-ISO 7536
               
               
                  1996
               
            
                  Oxygen content (6)
               
               
                  per cent m/m
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  2,3
               
               
                  EN 1601
               
               
                  1997
               
            
                  Existent gum
               
               
                  mg/ml
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  0,04
               
               
                  EN-ISO 6246
               
               
                  1997
               
            
                  Sulphur content (7)
               
               
                  mg/kg
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  100
               
               
                  pr. EN-ISO 14596
               
               
                  1998
               
            
                  Copper corrosion at 50 °C
               
               
                   
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  1
               
               
                  EN-ISO 2160
               
               
                  1995
               
            
                  Lead content
               
               
                  g/l
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  0,005
               
               
                  EN 237
               
               
                  1996
               
            
                  Phosphorus content
               
               
                  g/l
               
               
                  —
               
               
                  0,0013
               
               
                  ASTM D 3231
               
               
                  1994
               
            4.   Reference fuel for compression-ignition engines (1)
      
                   
               
               
                  Limits and units (2)
               
               
                  Test method
               
            
                  Cetane number (4)
               
               
                  Minimum 45(7) Maximum 50
               
               
                  ISO 5165
               
            
                  Density at 15 °C
               
               
                  Minimum 835 kg/m3 Maximum 845 kg/m3 (10)
               
               
                  ISO 3675, ASTM D 4052
               
            
                  Distillation (3) — 95 % point
               
               
                  Maximum 370 °C
               
               
                  ISO 3405
               
            
                  Viscosity at 40 °C
               
               
                  Minimum 2,5 mm2/s Maximum 3,5 mm2/s
               
               
                  ISO 3104
               
            
                  Sulphur content
               
               
                  Minimum 0,1 % mass (9) Maximum 0,2 % mass (8)
               
               
                  ISO 8754, EN 24260
               
            
                  Flash point
               
               
                  Minimum 55 °C
               
               
                  ISO 2719
               
            
                  CFPP
               
               
                  Minimum — Maximum + 5 °C
               
               
                  EN 116
               
            
                  Copper corrosion
               
               
                  Maximum 1
               
               
                  ISO 2160
               
            
                  Conradson carbon residue (10 % DR)
               
               
                  Maximum 0,3 % mass
               
               
                  ISO 10370
               
            
                  Ash content
               
               
                  Maximum 0,01 % mass
               
               
                  ASTM D 482 (12)
               
            
                  Water content
               
               
                  Maximum 0,05 % mass
               
               
                  ASTM D 95, D 1744
               
            
                  Neutralization (strong acid) number
               
               
                  Minimum 0,20 mg KOH/g
               
               
                   
               
            
                  Oxidation stability (5)
               
               
                  Maximum 2,5 mg/100 ml
               
               
                  ASTM D 2274
               
            
                  Additives (6)
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
            
         Notes:
      
      
                  (1)
               
               
                  If it is required to calculate thermal efficiency of an engine or vehicle, the calorific value of the fuel can be calculated from:
                  Specific energy (calorific value) (net)
                  MJ/kg = (46,423 – 8,792 × d2 + 3,17 × d) × (1 – (x + y + s)) + 9,42 × s – 2,499 × x
                  where:
                  
                              d
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              is the density at 288 K (15 °C)
                           
                        
                              x
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              is the proportion by mass of water (%/100)
                           
                        
                              y
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              is the proportion by mass of ash (%/100)
                           
                        
                              s
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              is the proportion by mass of sulphur (%/100).
                           
                        
            
                  (2)
               
               
                  The values quoted in the specification are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ASTM D 3244 ‘Defining a basis for petroleum produce quality disputes’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility).
                  Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for statistical reasons, the manufacturer of fuel should nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify the question as to whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ASTM D 3244 should be applied.
               
            
                  (3)
               
               
                  The figures quoted show the evaporated quantities (percentage recovered + percentage loss).
               
            
                  (4)
               
               
                  The range of cetane is not in accordance with the requirement of a minimum range of 4R.
                  However, in cases of dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms in ASTM D 3244 can be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to achieve the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations.
               
            
                  (5)
               
               
                  Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice should be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life.
               
            
                  (6)
               
               
                  This fuel should be based straight run and cracked hydrocarbon distillate components only; desulphurization is allowed. It must not contain any metallic additives or cetane improver additives.
               
            
                  (7)
               
               
                  Lower values are permitted, in which case the cetane number of the reference fuel used is to be reported.
               
            
                  (8)
               
               
                  Higher values are permitted, in which case the sulphur content of the reference fuel used is to be reported.
               
            
                  (9)
               
               
                  To be kept under constant review in the light of trends in the markets. For the purpose of the initial approval of an engine with no exhaust gas after treatment on request of the applicant a 0,050 % mass sulphur minimum is permissible, in which case the measured particulate level must be corrected upward to the average value that is nominally specified for fuel sulphur content (0,150 % mass) per the equation below:
                  PTadj = PT + [SFC × 0,0917 × (NSLF – FSF)]
                  where:
                  
                              PTadj
                              
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              adjusted PT value (g/kWh)
                           
                        
                              PT
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              measured weighted specific emission value for particulate emission (g/kWh)
                           
                        
                              SFC
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              weighted specific fuel consumption (g/kWh) calculated according to the formula as below
                           
                        
                              NSLF
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              average of the nominal specification of sulphur content mass fraction (i.e. 0,15 %/100)
                           
                        
                              FSF
                           
                           
                              =
                           
                           
                              fuel sulphur content mass fraction (%/100)
                           
                        Equation for the calculation of the weighted specific fuel consumption:
                  
                     
                  where:
                  Pi = Pm,i + PAE,i
                  
                  For the purpose of conformity of production assessments in accordance with paragraph 6 the requirements must be met using reference fuel with a sulphur content which complies with the minimum/maximum level of 0,1/0,2 per cent mass.
               
            
                  (10)
               
               
                  Higher values are permitted up to 855 kg/m3, in which case the density of the reference fuel used is to be reported. For the purpose of conformity of production assessments in accordance with paragraph 6, the requirements must be met using reference fuel which complies with the minimum/maximum level of 835/845 kg/m3.
               
            
                  (11)
               
               
                  All fuel characteristics and limit values are to be kept under review in light of trends in the markets.
               
            
                  (12)
               
               
                  To be replaced by EN/ISO 6245 with effect of the date of implementation.
               
            
         (1)  Value to be determined at standard conditions 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa.
      
         (2)  This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals, which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited.
      
         (3)  Inerts + C2+.
      
         (4)  Value to be determined at standard conditions (293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa).
      
         (5)  Inerts (different from N2) + C2 + C2+.
      
         (6)  Value to be determined at standard conditions (293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa).
      
         (7)  Inerts (different from N2) + C2 + C2+.
      
         (8)  Value to be determined at standard conditions (293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa).