CELEX: 51995PC0444
Language: en
Date: 1995-09-26
Title: Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the signature by the European Community of the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
•ft A
lit tt
                                        Brussels, 26.09.1995
                                        COM(95)444 final
                         Proposal for a
                                           i
                    COUNCIL DECISION
         on the signature by the European Community
             of the Agreement on the Conservation
          of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
                (presented by the Commission)
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---                                    Explanatory Memorandum
 The Community is a Contracting Party to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
 Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention - CMS)1 .
 Article IV of the Bonn Convention provides for the conclusion of regional agreements which
 for Appendix II species (those with an unfavourable conservation status) should be concluded
 as soon as possible.
 The waterbirds of the African-Eurasian flyways, which are Appendix II species, merit
 immediate attention in order to improve their conservation status and to gather information as a
 basis for sound management decisions.
 Resolution 1.6 of the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Bonn Convention
 called for the development of an Agreement foe Western Palaeartic Analidae. From 1988 to
  1991. a draft Agreement, including an Action Plan for Anatidae and a management Plan was
 elaborated by the Government of the Netherlands, acting in agreement with the Community, in
 collaboration with the Convention Secretariat, IUCN, a Working Group of the CMS Scientific
 Council and the International Waterfowl and Wetland Research Bureau (fWRB).This was
 followed by an initiative from the Convention Secretariat which resulted in a new draft
 agreement with a larger scope including other species of migratory waterbirds.
An informal negotiating meeting took place in Nairobi from 12-14 June 1994 after the fourth
 meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Bonn Convention which was held in Nairobi
 from 7 to 11 June 1994. The meeting was attended by representatives from the Commission.
A revised draft Agreement was prepared by the Convention Secretariat and submitted to the
negotiating meeting which took place in the Hague from 12-16 June 1995 as a basis for
negotiations. The Agreement was finally adopted by consensus by sixty three Range States and
by the European Community. The Agreement will be open for signature from 16 October 1995.
The Agreement aims at creating the legal framework for a concerted conservation policy of the
Range States of migratory waterbirds species and populations, individuals of which migrate in
the Western Palaearctic and Africa, irrespective of their current conservation status.
The Agreement will cover:
- about 170 species;
- an area of 60 .million square kilometers encompas,sing i 16 Range Stares and covering the
entire continents of Africa and Europe as well as part of Asia.
' OJL210, 19.07.l982,p.l().
                                          2
 ---pagebreak--- The Agreement text includes three annexes:
- a map showing the geographical area covered by the Agreement,
- a list of families o f migratory birds covered by the Agreement,
- an action plan
The Agreement requests in particular coordinated measures to achieve and maintain a
favourable conservation status for African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds. Article III of the
Agreement provides for the conservation measures to be taken. Annex III (the Action plan)
specifies actions which the Parties shall undertake in relation to priority species consistent with
the general conservation measures specified in Article III of the Agreement.
The Agreement mainly refers to matters falling within Community competence which at the
internal level arc regulated by Council Directives 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild
birds2 and 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora3 .
Furthermore, the Community is a Party to the Bern Convention on the Conservation of
 European Wildlife and Natural Habitats4 and of the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of
the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution5 and to its protocols, in particular to the Protocol on
Specially Protected Areas6
Accordingly, it is convenient that the Community signs the Agreement on the Conservation of
African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, subject to future conclusion.
2
  OJL 103, 25.04.1979. p. 1.
3
  OJ L 206, 22.07.1992, p.7.
4
  OJL 38, 10.02.1982, p.3.
5
  OJL 240. 19.09.1977. p.3.
6
  OJL 68, 10.03.1984, p.36.
                                              3
 ---pagebreak---                                  Proposai for a Council Decision
                         on the signature by the European Community
                             of the Agreement on the Conservation
                          of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission.
Whereas the Community is a Contracting Party to the Convention on the Conservation of
Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention ) ' :
Whereas Article IV of the Bonn Convention provides for the conclusion of regional agreements
which for species with an unfavourable conservation status (Appendix II species) should be
concluded as soon as possible :
Whereas the waterbirds of the African-Eurasian flyways. which are Appendix II species, merit
immediate attention in order to improve their conservation status and to gather information as a
basis for sound management decisions ;
Whereas the first meeting of the Parties to the Bonn Convention called for the development of
an Agreement for the Conservation of Western Palaeartic Anatidae; and whereas the draft
agreement has been subsequently developed so as to include other species of migratory
waterbirds ;
Whereas the conservation of migratory waterbirds mainly falls within Community competence
taking into account Council Directives 79/409/EEC, of 2 April 1979, on the conservation of
wild birds2 as last amended by Directive 94/24/EC 3 , and 92/43/EEC, of 21 May 1992, on the
conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora4 :
Whereas the Commission participated on behalf of the Community, and in accordance with the
negotiating directives given by the Council on 7 June 1995, in the negotiating meeting that took
place from 12 to 16 June 1995 in the Hague; and whereas this meeting adopted by consensus
the Agreement on the Conservation of African Eurasian-Migratory Waterbirds (the
Agreement);
Whereas the Agreement will be open for signature from 16 October 1995 ;
Whereas it is convenient that the Agreement be signed by the Community, subject to
conclusion,
1
  OJL 210, 19.07.1982. p. 10.
2
  OJL 103. 25.04.1979. p. 1
•'OJL 164,30.06.1994. p.9.
4
  OJ L206, 22.07.1992, p.7.
                                              4
 ---pagebreak--- HAS DECIDED AS FOLLOWS
                                          Sole Article
The President of the Council is hereby authorised to designate the person(s) empowered to sign,
on behalf of the Community, subject to conclusion, the Agreement on the Conservation of
African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds and to confer upon them the powers necessary for that
purpose.
                                                                           Done at Brussels,
                                                                           For the Council
                                                                           The President
                                               5-6
 ---pagebreak---         AGREEMENT ON THE CONSERVATION OF AFRICAN-EURASIAN
                            MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS
     THE CONTRACTING PARTIES.
      RECALLING that the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species
of Wjld Animals, 1979, encourages international cooperative action to conserve
 migratory species;
      RECALLING further that the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties
to the Convention, held in Bonn in October 1985, instructed the Secretariat of -
the Convention to take appropriate measures to develop an Agreement on
Western Palearctic Anatidae;
     CONSIDERING that migratory waterbirds constitute an important part of the
global biological diversity which, in keeping with the spirit of the Convention on
Biological Diversity, 1992, and Agenda 21 should be conserved for the benefit
of present and future generations;
     AWARE of the economic, social, cultural and recreational benefits accruing
from the taking of certain species of migratory waterbirds and of the
environmental, ecological, genetic, scientific, aesthetic, recreational, cultural,
educational, social and economic values of waterbirds in general;
     CONVINCED that any taking of migratory waterbirds must be conducted on
a sustainable basis, taking into account the conservation status of the species
concerned over their entire range as well as their biological characteristics;
                                    y
 ---pagebreak---       CONSCIOUS that migratory waterbirds are particularly vulnerable because
they migrate over long distances and are dependent on networks of wetlands
that are decreasing in extent and becoming degraded through non-sustainable
human activities, as is expressed in the Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance, especiaHy as Waterfowl Habitat, 1 9 7 1 ;
      RECOGNIZING the need to take immediate action to stop the decline-of
migratory waterbird species and their habitats in the geographic area of the
African-Eurasian waterbird migration systems;
     -CONVINCED that the conclusion of a multilateral Agreement and its
implementation     through coordinated or concerted action         will contribute
significantly to the conservation of migratory waterbirds and their habitats in the
most efficient manner, and will have ancillary benefits for many other species of
animals and plants; and
      ACKNOWLEDGING that effective implementation of such an Agreement will
require assistance to be provided to some Range States for research, training and
monitoring of migratory waterbird species and their habitats, for the management
of those habitats as well as for the establishment or improvement of scientific
and administrative institutions for the implementation of this Agreement,
      HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
                                     ARTICLE I
                       Scope, Definitions and Interpretation
      1.   The geographic scope of this Agreement is the area of the migration
systems of African-Eurasian waterbirds, as defined in Annex 1 to this Agreement,
                                          s5
 ---pagebreak--- hereafter referred to as the "Agreement Area".
     2.    For the purpose of this Agreement:
     (a)   "Convention" means the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory
           Species of Wild Animals, 1979;
     (b)   "Convention Secretariat" means the body established under Article IX
           of the Convention;
     (c)   "Waterbirds" means those species of birds that are ecologically
           dependent on wetlands for at least part of their annual cycle, have a
           range which lies entirely or partly within the Agreement Area and are
           listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement;
     (d)   "Agreement secretariat" means the body established under Article VI,
           paragraph 7, subparagraph (b), of this Agreement;
     (e)   "Parties" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, Parties to this
           Agreement; and
     (f)   "Parties present and voting" means the Parties present and casting an
           affirmative or negative vote; those abstaining from voting shall hot be
           counted amongst the Parties present and voting.
     In addition, the terms defined in Article I, subparagraphs 1(a) to (k), of the
Convention shall have the same meaning, mutatis mutandis, in this Agreement.
     3.    This Agreement is an AGREEMENT within the meaning of Article IV,
paragraph 3, of the Convention.
     4.    Thé annexes to this Agreement form an integral part thereof.        Any
reference to the Agreement includes a reference to its annexes.
                                          <*>
 ---pagebreak---                                       ARTICLE II
                               Fundamental Principles
      1.    Parties shall take co-ordinated measures to maintain         migratory
waterbird species in a favourable conservation status or to restore them to such
a status. To this end. they shall apply within the limits of their national
jurisdiction the measures prescribed in Article III, together with the specific
actions determined in the Action Plan provided for in Article IV, of this
 Agreement.
      2.    In implementing the measures prescribed in paragraph 1 above, Parties
 should take into account the precautionary principle.
                                     ARTICLE III
                            General Conservation Measures
       1.   The Parties shall take measures to conserve migratory waterbirds,
 giving special attention to endangered species as well as to those with an
 unfavourable conservation status.
      2.    To this end, the Parties shall:
      (a)   accord the same strict protection for endangered migratory waterbird
            species in the Agreement Area as is provided for under Article III,
            paragraphs 4 and 5, of the Convention;
      (b)   ensure that any use of migratory waterbirds is based on an assessment
            of the best available knowledge of their ecology and is sustainable for
            the species as well as for the ecological systems that support t h e m ;
       (c)  identify sites and habitats for migratory waterbirds occurring within
            their   territory  and   encourage   the   protection,   management,
                                              <XO
 ---pagebreak---         rehabilitation and restoration of these sites, in liaison with those bodies
        listed in Article IX, paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Agreement,
       concerned with habitat conservation;
 (d)   coordinate their efforts to ensure that a network of suitable habitats
       is maintained or, where appropriate, re-established throughout the
       entire range of each migratory waterbird species concerned, in
       particular where wetlands extend over the area of more than one Party
       to this Agreement;
(e)    investigate problems that are posed or are likely to be posed by human
       activities and endeavour to implement remedial measures, including
       habitat rehabilitation and restoration, and compensatory measures for
       loss of habitat;
(f)   cooperate in emergency situations requiring international concerted
      action and in identifying the species of migratory waterbirds which are
      the most vulnerable to these situations as well as cooperate in
      developing appropriate emergency procedures to provide increased
      protection to these species in such situations and in the preparation of
     .guidelines to assist individual Parties in tackling these situations;
(g)   prohibit the deliberate introduction of non-native waterbird species into
      the environment and take all appropriate measures to prevent the
      unintentional release of such species if this introduction or release
      would prejudice the conservation status of wild flora and fauna; when
      non-native waterbird species have already been introduced, the Parties
      shall take all appropriate measures to prevent these species from
      becoming a potential threat to indigenous species;
(h)   initiate or support research into the biology and ecology of migratory
      waterbirds including the harmonization of research and monitoring
      methods and, where appropriate, the establishment of joint or
      cooperative research and monitoring programmes;
                                          >i
 ---pagebreak---        (i)  analyze their training requirements for, inter alia, migratory, waterbird
            surveys, monitoring, ringing and wetland management to identify priority
            topics and areas for training and cooperate in the development and
            provision of appropriate training programmes;
       (j)  develop and maintain programmes to raise awareness and understanding
            of migratory waterbird conservation issues in general and of the particular
            objectives and provisions of this Agreement;
      (k)   exchange information and results from research, monitoring, conservation
            and education programmes; and
       (I)  cooperate with a view to assisting each other to implement this
            Agreement, particularly in the areas of research and monitoring.
                                      ARTICLE IV
                       Action Plan and Conservation Guidelines
      1.   An Action Plan is appended as Annex 3 to this Agreement. It specifies
actions which the Parties shall undertake in relation to priority species and issues,
under the following headings, consistent with the general conservation measures
specified in Article III of this Agreement:
      (a)  species conservation;
      (b)  habitat conservation;
      (c)  management of human activities;
      (d)  research and monitoring;
      (e)  education and information; and
      (f)  implementation.
      2.   The Action Plan shall be reviewed at each ordinary session of the Meeting
of the Parties, taking into account the Conservation Guidelines.
                                       At,
 ---pagebreak---       3.    Any amendment to the Action Plan shall be adopted by the Meeting of
the Parties, taking into consideration the provisions of Article Ml of this
Agreement.
      4.   The Conservation Guidelines shall be submitted to the Meeting of the
Parties for adoption at its first session, and shall be regularly reviewed.
                                    ARTICLE V
                           Implementation and Financing
      1.   Each Party shall:
      (a)  designate the Authority or Authorities to implement this Agreement.
 . ~       which shall, inter alia, monitor all activities that may have impact on
           the conservation status of those migratory waterbird species of which
           the Party is a Range State;
      (b)  designate a contact point for the other Parties, and communicate
           without delay its name and address to the Agreement secretariat to be
           circulated forthwith to the other Parties; and
      (c)  prepare for each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties,
           beginning with the second session, a report on its implementation of
           the Agreement with particular reference to the conservation measures
           it has undertaken. The format of such reports shall be determined by
           the first session of the Meeting of the Parties and reviewed as may be
           necessary at any subsequent session of the Meeting of the Parties.
           Each report shall be submitted to the Agreement secretariat not less
           than one hundred and twenty days before the ordinary session of the
           Meeting of the Parties for which it has been prepared, and copies shall
           be circulated forthwith to the other Parties by the Agreement
           secretariat.
                                           ^
 ---pagebreak---       2.    (a)    Each Party shall contribute to the budget of the Agreement in
            accordance with the United Nations scale of assessment.             The
            contributions shall be restricted to a maximum of 25 per cent of the
            total budget for any Party that is a Range State. No regional economic
            integration organization shall.be required to contribute more than 2.5
           per cent of the administrative costs.
      (b)   Decisions relating to the budget and any changes to the scale of
           assessment that may be found necessary shall be adopted by the
           Meeting of the Parties by consensus.
      3.   The Meeting of the Parties may establish a conservation fund from
voluntary contributions of Parties or from any other source for the purpose of
financing monitoring, research, training and projects relating to the conservation,
including protection and management, of migratory waterbirds.
     4.    Parties are encouraged to provide training and technical and financial
support to other Parties on a multilateral or bilateral basis to assist them in
implementing the provisions of this Agreement.
                                    ARTICLE VI
                               Meeting of the Parties-
     1.    The Meeting of the Parties shall be the decision-making body of this
Agreement.
     2.    The Depositary shall, in consultation w i t h the Convention Secretariat,
convene a session of the Meeting of the Parties not later than one year after the
date of t h e . entry into force of this Agreement. Thereafter, the Agreement
secretariat shall convene, in consultation with the Convention Secretariat,
                                          J*i
 ---pagebreak---   ordinary sessions of the Meeting of the Parties at intervals of not more than three
  years, unless the Meeting of the Parties decides otherwise. Where it is possible
 to do so, such sessions should be held in conjunction w i t h the ordinary meetings
 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.
       3.    On the written request of at least one third of the Parties, t h e
 Agreement secretariat shall convene an extraordinary session of the Meeting of
 the Parties.
       4.   The United Nations, its Specialized Agencies, the International Atomic
 Energy Agency, any State not a Party to the Agreement, and the secretariats of
 international conventions concerned inter alia with the conservation, including
 protection and management, of migratory waterbirds may be represented by
observers in sessions of the Meeting of the Parties. Any agency or body
technically qualified in such conservation matters or in research on migratory
waterbirds may also be represented at sessions of the Meeting of the Parties by
observers, unless at least one third of the Parties present object.
       5.   Only Parties have the right to vote. Each Party shall have one vote, but
regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to this Agreement
shall, in matters within their competence, exercise their right t o vote w i t h a
number of votes equal to the number of their Member States w h i c h are Parties
to the Agreement. A regional economic integration organization shall not exercise
its right to vote if its Member States exercise theirs, and vice     versa.
       6.   Unless provided otherwise in this Agreement, decisions of the Meeting
of the Parties shall be adopted by consensus or, if consensus cannot be
achieved, by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and v o t i n g .
                                           AC
 ---pagebreak---  7.    A t its first session, the Meeting of the Parties shall:
 (a)  adopt its rules of procedure by consensus;
 (b)  establish an Agreement secretariat within the Convention Secretariat
      t o perform the secretariat functions listed in Article VIII of this
      Agreement;
 (c)  establish the Technical Committee provided for in Article VII of this
      Agreement;
 (d)  adopt a format for the reports to be prepared according to Article V,.
      paragraph 1 , subparagraph (c), of this Agreement; and
 (e)  adopt criteria to define emergency situations which require urgent
      conservation measures, and determine the modalities for assigning
      responsibility for action to be taken.
8.    A t each of its ordinary sessions, the Meeting of the Parties shall:
(a)  consider actual and potential changes in the conservation status of
     migratory waterbirds and the habitats important for their survival, as
     w e l l as the factors which may affect them;
(b)  review the progress made and any difficulty encountered in the
     implementation of this Agreement;
(c)  adopt a budget and consider any matters relating to the financial
     arrangements for this Agreement;
(d)  deal w i t h any matter relating to the Agreement secretariat and the
     membership of the Technical Committee;
(e)  adopt a report for communication to the Parties to this Agreement and
     t o the Conference of the Parties of the Convention; and
(f)  determine the time and venue of the next session.
9.   A t any of its sessions, the Meeting of the Parties may:
(a)  make recommendations to the Parties as it deems necessary or appropriate;
                                       A6
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                    =il
      (b)  adopt specific actions to improve the effectiveness of this Agreement
           and, as the case may be. emergency measures as provided for in
           Article VII, paragraph 4, of this Agreement;
      (c)  consider and decide upon proposals to amend this Agreement;
     (d)   amend the Action Plan in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 3, of
           this Agreement;
     (e)   establish such subsidiary bodies as it deems necessary to assist in the
           implementation of this Agreement, in particular for coordination with
           bodies established under other international treaties, conventions and
           agreements with overlapping geographic and taxonomic coverage; and
     (f)  decide on any other matter relating to the implementation of this
           Agreement.
                                  ARTICLE VII
                               Technical Committee
     1.   The Technical Committee shall comprise:
     (a)  nine experts representing different regions of the Agreement Area, in
          accordance with a balanced geographical distribution;
    (b)   one representative from the International Union for Conservation of
          Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), one from the International
          Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau (IWRB) and one from the
          International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC); and
    (c)   one expert from each of the following fields: rural economics, game
          management, and environmental law.
    The procedure for the appointment of the experts, the term of their
appointment and the procedure for designation of the Chairman of the Technical
                                         Af
 ---pagebreak---  ---pagebreak---  Committee shall be determined by the Meeting of the Parties. The Chairman may
 admit   a maximum of       four observers from specialized international             inter-
 governmental and non-governmental organizations.
      2..  Unless the Meeting of the Parties decides otherwise, meetings of the
Technical Committee shall be convened by the Agreement secretariat                        in
conjunction w i t h each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties and at least
once_between ordinary sessions of the Meeting of the Parties.
      3.   The Technical Committee shall:
      (a)  provide scientific and technical advice and information to the Meeting
           of the Parties and, through the Agreement secretariat, to Parties;
      (b)  make recommendations to the Meeting of the Parties concerning the
           Action Plan, implementation of the Agreement and further research to
           be carried out;
      (c)  prepare for each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties a report
           on its activities, which shall be submitted to the Agreement secretariat
           not less than one hundred and twenty days before the session of the
           Meeting of the Parties, and copies shall be circulated f o r t h w i t h by the
           Agreement secretariat to the Parties; and
      (d)  carry out any other tasks referred to it by the Meeting of the Parties.
     4.    Where in the opinion of the Technical Committee there has arisen an
emergency w h i c h requires the adoption of immediate measures to                   avoid
deterioration of the conservation status of one or more migratory waterbird
species, the Technical Committee may request the Agreement secretariat t o
convene urgently a meeting of the Parties concerned. These Parties shail meet
as soon as possible thereafter to establish rapidly a mechanism to give protection
to the species identified as being subject to particularly adverse threat. Where a
                                           A%
 ---pagebreak--- recommendation has been adopted at such a meeting, the Parties concerned shall
inform each other and the Agreement secretariat of measures they have taken to
implement    it, or of the reasons w h y the recommendation could not            be
implemented.
     5.   The Technical Committee may establish such working groups as may
be necessary to deal with specific tasks.
                                 ARTICLE VIII
                             Agreement Secretariat
     The functions of the Agreement secretariat shall be:
     (a)  to arrange and service the sessions of the Meeting of the Parties as
          well as the meetings of the Technical Committee;
     (b)  to execute the decisions addressed to h by the Meeting of the Parties;
     (c)  to promote and coordinate activities under the Agreement, including
          the Action Plan, in accordance w i t h decisions of the Meeting of the
          Parties;
     (d)  to liaise with non-Party Range States and to facilitate coordination
          between the Parties and with international and national organizations,
          the activities of which are directly or indirectly relevant to the
          conservation, including protection and management, of migratory
          waterbirds;
     (e)  t o gather and-evaluate information w h i c h will further the objectives
          and implementation of the Agreement and to arrange for appropriate
          dissemination of such information;
     (f)  to invite the attention of the Meeting of the Parties to matters
          pertaining to the objectives of this Agreement;
                                      A*
 ---pagebreak---  (g)  to circulate copies of the reports of the Authorities referred to in     j
      Article V, paragraph Ï , subparagraph (a), of this Agreement and of the J
     Technical Committee, along with copies of the reports it must provide
      pursuant to paragraph (h) of this Article, to each Party not less than
     sixty days before the commencement of each ordinary session of the
     Meeting of the Parties;            _
(h)  to prepare, on an annual basis and for each ordinary session of the
     Meeting of the Parties, reports on the work of the secretariat and on
     the implementation of the Agreement;
(i)  to administer the budget for the Agreement and, if established, its
     conservation fund;
(j)  to provide information for the general public concerning the Agreement
     and its objectives; and
(k)  to perform such other functions as may be entrusted to it under the
     Agreement or by the Meeting of the Parties.
                               ARTICLE IX
            Relations'with International Bodies dealing w i t h
                Migratory Waterbirds and their Habitats
The Agreementsecretariat shall consult:
(a)  o n a regular basis, the Convention Secretariat and, where appropriate,
     the bodies responsible for the secretariat functions under Agreements
     concluded pursuant to Article IV, paragraphs 3 and 4 , of            the
     Convention which are relevant to migratory waterbirds, the Convention
     on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl
     Habitat, 1 9 7 1 , the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
     Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1 9 7 3 , the African Convention on the
     Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968, the Convention
                                     i'o
 ---pagebreak---            on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 1979,
           and the Convention on Biological Diversity. 1992, with a view to the
           Meeting of the Parties cooperating with the Parties to these
           conventions on all matters of common interest and, in particular, in the
           development and implementation of the Action Plan;
     (b)   the secretariats of other pertinent conventions and international
           instruments in respect of matters of common interest; and
     (c)   other organizations competent in" the field of conservation, including
           protection and management, of migratory waterbirds and their
           habitats, as welt as in the fields of research, education and awareness
           raising.
                                     ARTICLE X
                         Amendment of the Agreement
     1.   This Agreement may be amended at any ordinary or extraordinary
session of the Meeting of the Parties.
     2.    Proposals for amendment may be made by any Party.
     3.   The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it shall be
communicated to the Agreement secretariat not less than one hundred and fifty
days before the opening of the session. The Agreement secretariat shall transmit
copies forthwith to the Parties. Any comments on the text by the Parties shall be
communicated to the Agreement secretariat not less than sixty days before the
opening of the session. The Secretariat shall, as soon as possible after the last
day for submission of comments, communicate to the Parties alt comments
submitted by that day.
                                                &t
 ---pagebreak---        4.   An amendment to the Agreement other than an amendment to its
annexes shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and
voting and shall enter into force for those Parties which have accepted it on the
thirtieth day after the date on which t w o thirds of the Parties to the Agreement
at the date of the adoption of the amendment have deposited their instruments
of acceptance of the amendment with the Depositary.            For each Party which
deposits an instrument of acceptance after the date on which t w o thirds of the
Parties have deposited their instruments of acceptance, the amendment shall
enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which it deposits its
instrument of acceptance.
       5:  Any additional annexes and any amendment to an annex shall be
adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting and shall enter
into force for all Parties on the ninetieth day after the date of its adoption by the
Meeting of the Parties, except for Parties which have entered a reservation in
accordance w i t h paragraph 6 of this Article.
       6.  During the period of ninety days provided for in paragraph 5 of this
Article, any Party may by written notification to the Depositary enter a
reservation w i t h respect to an additional annex or an amendment to an annex.
Such reservation may be withdrawn at any time by written notification to the
Depositary, and thereupon the additional annex or the amendment shall enter into
force for that Party on the thirtieth day after the date of withdrawal of the
reservation.
                                            £t
 ---pagebreak---                                       ARTICLE XI
                      Effect of this Agreement on International
                             Conventions and Legislation
       1.    The provisions of this Agreement do not affect the rights and
 obligations of any Party deriving from existing international treaties, conventions
or agreements. *
       2.   The provisions of this Agreement shall in no way affect the right of any
Party to maintain or adopt stricter measures for the conservation of migratory
 waterbirds and their habitats.
                                      ARTICLE XII
                                Settlement of Disputes
       1.   Any dispute which may arise between t w o or more Parties w i t h respect
t o the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Agreement shall be
subject to negotiation between the Parties involved in the dispute.
      2.    If the dispute cannot be resolved in accordance w i t h paragraph 1 of
this Article, the Parties may, by mutual consent, submit the dispute to arbitration,
in particular that of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, and the
Parties submitting the dispute shall be bound by the arbitral decision.
                                     ARTICLE XIII
             Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval, Accession
      1.    This Agreement shall be open for signature by any Range State,
whether or not areas under its jurisdiction lie within the Agreement Area, or
                                               ^3
 ---pagebreak--- regional economic integration organization, at least one member of which is a
Range State, either by:
         (a)  signature without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or
              approval; or
         (b)  signature with reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or
              approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval.
         2.   This Agreement shall remain open for signature at The Hague until the
date of its entry into force.
         3.   This Agreement shall be open for accession by any Range State or
regional economic integration organization mentioned in paragraph 1 above on
and after the date of entry into force of the Agreement.
         4.   Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be
deposited w i t h the Depositary.
                                        ARTICLE XIV
                                      Entry into Force
         1.   This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the third
 n o n t h after at least fourteen Range States or regional economic integration
organizations, comprising at least seven from Africa and seven from Eurasia,
have signed w i t h o u t reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval
or have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval in
accordance w i t h Article Xlll of this Agreement.
         2.   For any Range State or regional economic integration organization
w h i c h has:
                                                  ^
 ---pagebreak---            (a) signed without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance, or
               approval;
           (b) ratified, accepted, or approved; or
           (c) acceded to
               this Agreement after the date on which the number of Range States
               and regional economic integration organizations necessary to enable
               entry into force have signed it without reservation or have ratified,
               accepted or approved it, this Agreement shall enter into force on the
               first  day   of  the third  month   following   the  signature    without
               reservation, or deposit, by that State or organization, of its instrument
               of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
                                        ARTICLE XV
                                        Reservations
          The  provisions    of  this Agreement shall not      be subject    to  general
reservations. However, a specific reservation may be entered by any State or
regional economic integration organization on signature without reservation in
respect of ratification, acceptance or approval or, as the case may be, on
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in
respect of any species covered by the Agreement or any specific provision of the
A c t i o n Plan. Such a reservation may be withdrawn at any time by the State or
regional economic integration organization which had entered it, by notification
in writing to the Depositary; such a State or organization shall not be bound by
the provisions which are the object of the reservation until thirty days after the
date on w h i c h the reservation has been w i t h d r a w n .
                                                  # * •
 ---pagebreak---                                         ARTICLE XVI
                                         Denunciation
          Any Party may denounce this Agreement by written notification to the
Depositary at any time. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after
the date on which the Depositary has received the notification.
                                        ARTICLE XVII
                                          Depositary
          1.    The original of this Agreement, in the Arabic, English, French and
n
  u s s i a n languages, each version being equally authentic, shall be deposited with
ine Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands which shall be the
Depositary. The Depositary shall transmit certified copies of these versions to all
States and regional economic integration organizations referred to in Article XIII,
paragraph 1 , of this Agreement, and to the Agreement secretariat after it has
been established.
          2.    As soon as this Agreement enters into force, a certified copy thereof
shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretariat of the United Nations for
registration and publication in accordance w i t h Article 102 of the Charter of the
United Nations. _
         3.     The Depositary shall inform all States and regional economic integration
organizations that have signed or acceded to the Agreement, and the Agreement
secretariat, of:
         (a)    any signature;
         (b)    any deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or
                accession;
                                                 #6
 ---pagebreak---      Ce)   the date of entry irrto force of this Agreement and of any additional
           annex as well as of any amendment to the Agreement or to its
           annexes;
     (d)   any  reservation with respect to an additional annex of to           an
           amendment to an annex;
     (e)   any notification of withdrawal of a reservation; and
     (f)   any notification of denunciation of the Agreement.
     The Depositary shall transmit to all States and regional economic integration
organizations that have signed or acceded to this Agreement, and to the
Agreement secretariat, the text of any reservation, of any additional annex and
of any amendment to the Agreement or to its annexes.
     In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect,
have signed this Agreement.
     Done at The Hague this sixteenth day of June 1995.
                                     r?
 ---pagebreak---                                        Annex 1
                          Definition of the Agreement Area
        The boundary of the Agreement area is defined as follows: from the North
Pole south along the 130°W line of longitude to 75°N; thence east and southeast
through Viscount Melville Sound, Prince Regent Inlet, the Gulf of Boothia. Foxe
Basin, Foxe Channel and Hudson Strait to a point in the northwest Atlantic at
6 0 ° N , 60°W; thence southeast through the northwest Atlantic to a point at 50°N,
3 0 ° W ; thence south along the 30°W line of longitude to 10°N; thence southeast
' o the Equator at 20°W; thence south along the 20°W line of longitude to 40°S;
thence east along the 40°S line of latitude to 60°E; thence north along the 60°E
line of longitude to 35°N; thence east-northeast on a great circle to a point in the
western Altai at 49°N, 87°27'E; thence northeast on a great circle to the coast
of the Arctic Ocean at 130°E; thence north along the 130°E line of longitude to
the North Pole. The outline of the Agreement Area is illustrated on the following
map.
                                             %$
 ---pagebreak---           Annex la: Map of the Agreement Area
1S0' 160*  170« 180* 170*     160'     ISO»
                                                          11404
                                                           130*
                                                          J120*
                                                           110s
                                                           100*
                          10*      20*        50" 60* 70"
                           &
 ---pagebreak---                                         Annex 2
                   Waterbird Species to which this Agreement Applies
GAVIIDAE
Gawa    Stella ta                            Red-throated Diver
Ga via    arctica                            Black-throated Diver
Ga via   immer                               Great Northern Diver
G a via   adamsii                           White-billed Diver
PODICIPEDIDAE
Podiceps      grisegena                      Red-necked Grebe
  Ddiceps     auritus                        Slavonian Grebe
PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus        onocrotalus                 Great White Pelican
Pelecanus       crispus                      Dalmatian Pelican
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax        pygmaeus                Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax        nigrogularis            Socotra Cormorant
ARDE1DAE
Egretta     vinaceigu/a                      Slaty Egret
Ardea purpurea                               Purple Heron
 Zasmerodius albus                           Great Egret
Ardeola idae                                 Madagascar Pond-Heron
Ardeola      rufiventris                     Rufous-bellied Heron
Ixobrychus       minutus                     Little Bittern
Ixobrychus       sturmii                     Dwarf Bittern
Botaurus ste/laris                           Great Bittern
CICONHDAE
Mycteria ibis                                Yellow-billed Stork
Ciconia nigra                                Black Stork
Ciconia episcopus                            Woolly-necked Stork
Ciconia ciconia                              White Stork
                                            50
 ---pagebreak--- THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Plegadis falcinellus               Glossy Ibis
Geronticus      eremita            Waldrapp
 Threskrornis      aethiopicus     Sacred Ibis
Plata lea leucorodia               Eurasian Spoonbill
P/atafea alba                      African Spoonbill
PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus        ruber        Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus        minor        Lesser Flamingo
ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna         bicolor        Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Dendrocygna         viduata        White-faced Whistling-Duck
Thalassornis       leuconotus      White-backed Duck
Oxyura      leucocephala           White-headed Duck
Cygnus olor                        Mute Swan
Cygnus cygnus                      Whooper Swan
Cygnus       columbianus           Bewick's Swan
Anser      brachyrhynchus          Pink-footed Goose
Anser fabalis                      Bean Goose
Anser    albifrons                 Greater White-fronted Goose
Anser     erythropus               Lesser White-fronted Goose
Anser anser                        Greylag Goose
Bran ta leucopsis                  Barnacle Goose
Bran ta bernicla                   Brent Goose
Bran ta ruficollis                 Red-breasted Goose
Alopochen       aegyptiacus        Egyptian Goose
Tadorna ferruginea                 Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna cana                       South African Shelduck
Tadorna tadorna                    Common Shelduck
Plectropterus      gambensis       Spur-winged Goose
Sarkidiornis     melanotos         Comb Duck
Nettapus      auritus              African Pygmy-goose
Anas penelope                      Eurasian Wigeon
Anas strepera                      Gad wall
Anas crecca                        Common Teal
Anas capensis                      Cape Teal
Anas     platyrhynchos             Mallard
Anas undulata                      Yellow-billed Duck
                               3-4
 ---pagebreak--- Anas acuta                                Northern Pintail
Anas erythrorhyncha                       Red-billed Duck
Anas hot ten to ta                        Hottentot Teal
Anas querquedula                          Garganey
Anas clypeata                             Northern Shoveler
 Marmaronetta angustirostris              Marbled Teal
Netta rufina                             Red-crested Pochard
Netta erythrophthalma                    Southern Pochard
Ay thy a ferma                           Common Pochard
Aythya nyroca                            Ferruginous Pochard
Ay thy a fuligula                        Tufted Duck
Aythya marila                            Greater Scaup
Somateria mollissima                     Common Eider
 Somateria spectabilis                   King Eider
Polysticta stelleri                      Steller's Eider
 Clangula hyemalis                       Long-tailed Duck
 Melanitta nigra                         Common Scoter
 Melanitta fusca                         Velvet Scoter
 Bucephala clangula                      Common Goldeneye
 Mergellus albellus                      Smew
 M ergus serra tor                       Red-breasted Merganser
 Mergus merganser                        Goosander
 GRUIDAE
 Grus       leucogeranus                 Siberian Crane
 Grus      virgo                         Demoiselle Crane
 Grus       paradisea                    Blue Crane
 Grus       caruncufatus                 Wattled Crane
 Grus      grus                          Common Crane
 RALLIDAE
Sarothrura boehmi                        Streaky-breasted Flufftail
Porzana pan/a                            Little Crake
Porzana pusilla                          Baillon's Crake
Porzana porzana                          Spotted Crake
Aenigmatolimnas
/-i c i uyi iioi\jiin u t o o marginalis
                                         Striped Crake
Fulica atra (Black Sea/Mediterranean)    Common Coot
Fulica atra (Black
DROMADIDAE
Dromas ardeola                           Crab Plover
                                         Bt
 ---pagebreak---                                                      HO
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus himantopus        Black-winged Stilt
Recurvirostra avosetta       Pied Avocet
GLAREOLIDAE
Glareofa pratincola          Collared Pratincole
Glareola nordmanni           Black-winged Pratincole
CHARADRIIDAE
Pluv/a/is apricaria          Eurasian Golden Plover
Pluviajis squatarola         Grey Plover
Charadrius hiaticula         Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius dubius            Little Ringed Pfover
Charadrius pecuarius         Kittlitz's Plover
Charadrius tricollaris       Three-banded Plover
Charadrius forbesi           Forbes' Plover
Charadrius pallidus          Chestnut-banded Plover
Charadrius alexandrinus      Kentish Plover
Charadrius marginatus        White-fronted Plover
Charadrius mongolus          Mongolian Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii     Greater Sand plover
Charadrius asiaticus         Caspian Plover
Eudromias morinellus         Eurasian Dotterel
Vanellus vanellus            Northern Lapwing
Vane/fus spinosus            Spur-winged Plover
Vanellus albiceps            White-headed Lapwing
Vanellus senegallus          Senegal Lapwing
Vanellus lugubris            Wattled Lapwing
Vanellus melanopterus        Black-winged Lapwing
Vanellus coronatus           Crowned Lapwing
Vanellus superciliosus       Brown-chested Lapwing
Vanellus gregarius           Sociable Plover
Vanellus feucurus            White-tailed Plover
SCOLOPACIDAE
Gallinago media              Great Snipe
Gallinago gallinago          Common Snipe
Lymnocryptes minimus         Jack Snipe
Limosa limosa                Black-tailed God wit
Limosa lapponica             Bar-tailed Godwit
                         3?»
 ---pagebreak---                                                         hA
Numenius phaeopus               Whimbrel
Numenius         tenuirostris   Slender-billed Curlew
Numenius arqua ta               Eurasian Curlew
Tringa erythropus               Spotted Redshank
Tringa to tan us                Common Redshank
Tringa stagna tills             Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa nebularia                Common Greenshank
Tringa ochropus                 Green Sandpiper
Tringa glareola                 Wood Sandpiper
Tringa cinerea                  Terek Sandpiper
Tringa hypoleucos               Common Sandpiper
Arenaria in ter près            Ruddy Turnstone
Calidris      tenuirostris      Great Knot
Calidris canutus                Red Knot
Calidris alba                   Sanderling
Calidris minuta                 Little Stint
Calidris      temminckii        Temminck's Stint
Calidris maritima               Purple Sandpiper
Calidris alpina                 Dunlin
Calidris ferruginea             Curlew Sandpiper
Urn/cola       falcinellus      Broad-billed Sandpiper
Philomachus         pugnax      Ruff
Phalaropus lob a tus            Red-necked Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicaria            Grey Phalarope
LARIDAE
Larus      leucopthalmus        White-eyed Gull
Larus     hemprichii            Sooty Gull
Larus     audouinii             Audouin's Gull
Larus     armenicus             Armenian Gull
Larus      ichthyaetus          Great Black-headed Gull
Larus    genei                  Slender-billed Gull
Larus      melanocephalus       Mediterranean Gull
Sterna      nilotica            Gull-billed Tern
Sterna     caspia               Caspian Tern
Sterna      maxima              Royal Tern
Sterna      bengalensis          Lesser Crested Tern
Sterna      bergii               Great Crested Tern
Sterna       sandvicensis        Sandwich Tern
Sterna      dougallii            Roseate Tern
Sterna      hirundo              Common Tern
Sterna      paradisaea           Arctic Tern
Sterna      albifrons            Little Tern
                              39
 ---pagebreak--- Sterna saundersi       Saunders' Tern
Sterna balaenarum      Damara Tern
Sterna repressa        White-cheeked Tern
Chlidontas leucopterus White-winged Tern
Chlidontas niger       Black Tern
                         3C
 ---pagebreak---                                                Annex 3
                                           ACTION PLAN
1.    Field of Application
1.1   The Action Plan is applicable to the populations of migratory waterbirds listed in
      Table 1 to this Annex (hereafter referred to as Table 1").
1.2   Table 1 forms an integral .part of this Annex. Any reference to this Action Plan
      includes a reference to Table 1.
2.    Species Conservation
2,1   Legal measures
2.1.1  Parties with populations listed in column A of Table 1 shall provide protection to
      those populations listed in. accordance with Article III, paragraph 2(a), of this
      AgreemenL Such Parties shall in particular and subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below:
      (a)    prohibit the taking of birds and eggs of those populations occurring in their
             territory;
      (b)    prohibit deliberate disturbance in so far as such disturbance would be
             significant for the conservation of the population concerned; and
      (c)    prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds or eggs of those
             populations which have been taken in contravention of the prohibitions laid
             down pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, as well as the possession or
             utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such
             birds and their eggs.
      By way of exception for those populations listed in Categories 2 and 3 in Column
      A only and which are marked by an asterisk, hunting may continue on a sustainable
      use basis where hunting of such populations is a long-established cultural practice.
      This sustainable use shall be conducted within the framework of special provisions
      of a species action plan at the appropriate international level.
2.1.2 Parties with populations listed in Table 1 shall regulate the taking of birds and eggs
      of all populations listed in column B of Table 1. The object of such legal measures
      shall be to maintain or contribute to the restoration of those populations to a
      favourable conservation status and to ensure, on the basis of the best available
      knowledge of population dynamics, that any taking or other use is sustainable.
      Such legal measures, subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below, shall in particular.
      (a)    prohibit the taking of birds belonging to the populations concerned during their
             various stages of reproduction and rearing and during their return to their
                                              36
 ---pagebreak---             breeding grounds if the taking has an unfavourable impact on the conservation
            status of the population concerned;
      (b)   regulate the modes of taking;
      (c)   establish limits on taking, where appropriate, and provide adequate controls
            to ensure that these limits are observed; and
      (d)   prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds and eggs of the
        .   populations which have been taken in contravention of any prohibition laid
            down pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, as well as the possession
            or utilization of, and trade in, any parts of such birds and their.eggs.
2.1.3 Parties may grant exemptions to the prohibitions laid down in paragraphs 2.1.1 and
      2.1.2, irrespective of the provisions of Article III, paragraph 5, of the Convention,
      where there is no other satisfactory solution, for the following purposes:
      (a)   to prevent serious damage to crops, water and fisheries;
      (b)   in the interests of air safety or other overriding public interests;
      (c)   for the purpose of research and education, of re-establishment and for the
            breeding necessary for these purposes;
      (d)   to permit under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a
            limited extent, the taking and.keeping or other judicious use of certain birds in
            small numbers; and
      (e)   for the purpose of enhancing the propagation or survival of the populations
            concerned.
      Such exemptions shall be precise as to content and limited in space and time and
      shall not operate to the detriment of the populations listed in Table 1. Parties shall
      as soon as possible inform the Agreement secretariat of any exemptions granted
      pursuant to this provision.
2.2   Single Species Action Plans
2.2.1 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing and implementing intemational
      single species action plans for populations listed in Category 1 of Column A of Table
      1 as a priority and for those populations listed with an asterisk in Column A of Table
      1. The Agreement secretariat shall coordinate the development, harmonization and
      implementation of such plans.
2.2.2 Parties shall prepare and implement national single species action plans for the
      populations listed in Column A of Table 1 with a view to improving their overall
      conservation status. This action plan shall include special provisions for those
      populations marked with an asterisk. When appropriate, the problem of accidental
                                      ^
 ---pagebreak---                                                                                                 '/.
      killing of birds by hunters as a result of incorrect identification of the species should
      be considered.
2.3   Emergency Measures
      Parties shall, in dose cooperation with each other whenever possible and relevant,
      develop and implement emergency measures for populations listed in Table 1, when
      exceptionally unfavourable or endangering conditions occur anywhere in the
      Agreement Area.
2.4   Re-establishments
      Parties shall exercise the greatest care when re-establishing populations listed in
      Table 1 into parts of their traditional range where they no longer exist. They shall
      endeavour to develop and follow a detailed re-establishment plan based on
      appropriate scientific studies. Re-establishment plans should constitute an integral
      part of national and, where appropriate, intemational single species action plans.
      A re-establishment plan should include assessment of the impact on the
      environment and shall be made widely available. Parties shall inform the
      Agreement secretariat, in advance, of all re-establishment programmes for
      populations listed in Table 1.
2.5   Introductions
2.5.1 Parties shall, if they consider it necessary, prohibit the introduction of non-native
      species of animals and plants which may be detrimental to the populations listed in
      Table!
2.5.2 Parties shall, if they consider it necessary, require the taking of appropriate
      precautions to avoid the accidental escape of captive birds belonging to non-native
      species.
2.5.3 Parties shall take measures to the extent feasible and appropriate, including taking,
      to ensure that when non-native species or hybrids thereof have already been
      introduced into their territory, those species or their hybrids do not pose a potential
      hazard to the populations listed in Table 1.
3.     Habitat Conservation
3.1   Habitat Inventories
3.1.1 Parties, in liaison where appropriate with competent intemational organizations, shall
      undertake and publish national inventories of the habitats within their territory which
      are important to the populations listed in Table 1.
3.1.2  Parties shall endeavour, as a matter of priority, to identify all sites of international
                                            •v?
 ---pagebreak---         or national importance for populations listed in Table 1
 3.2    Conservation of Areas
 3.2.1  Parties shall endeavour to continue establishing protected areas to conserve
        habitats important for the populations listed in Table 1, and to develop and
        implement management plans for these areas.
3.2.2   Parties shall endeavour to give special protection to those wetlands which meet
        internationally accepted criteria of intemational importance.
3.2.3   Parties shall endeavour to make wise and sustainable use of all of the wetlands in
        their territory. In particular they shall endeavour to avoid degradation and loss of
        habitats that support populations listed in Table 1 through the introduction of
        appropriate regulations or standards and control measures. In particular, they shall
        endeavour to:
        (a)   ensure, where practicable, that adequate statutory controls are in place,
              relating to the use of agricultural chemicals, pest control procedures and the
              disposal of waste water, which are in accordance with intemational norms, for"
              the purpose of minimizing their adverse impacts on the populations listed in
              Table 1; and
        (b)   prepare and distribute information materials, in the appropriate languages,
              describing such regulations, standards and control measures in force and their
              benefits to people and wildlife.
3.2.4   Parties shall endeavour to develop strategies, according to an ecosystem approach,
       for the conservation of the habitats of all populations listed in Table 1, including the
        habitats of those populations that are dispersed.
3.3     Rehabilitation and Restoration
       Parties shall endeavour to rehabilitate or restore, where feasible and appropriate,
       areas which were previously important for the populations listed in Table 1.
4.     Management of Human Activities
4.1    Hunting
4.1.1  Parties shall cooperate to ensure that their hunting legislation implements the
       principle of sustainable use as envisaged in this Action Plan, taking into account the
       full geographical range of the waterbird populations concerned and their life history
       characteristics.
4.1.2  The Agreement secretariat shall be kept informed by the Parties of their legislation
       relating to the hunting of populations listed in Table 1.
                                               is
 ---pagebreak---  4.1.3    Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing a reliable and harmonized system
         for the collection of harvest data in order to assess the annual harvest of
          populations listed in Table 1. They shall provide the Agreement secretariat with
         estimates of the total annual take for each population, when available.
 4.1.4    Parties shall endeavour to phase out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands
         by the year 2000.
 4.1.5   Parties shall develop and implement measures to reduce, and as far as possible
         eliminate, the use of poisoned baits.
-4.1.6   Parties shall develop and implement measures to reduce, and as far as possible
         eliminate, illegal taking.
 4.1.7   Where appropriate, Parties shall encourage hunters, at local, national and
         intemational levels, to form clubs or organizations to coordinate their activities and
         to help ensure sustainability.
 4.1.8   Parties shall, where appropriate, promote the requirement of a proficiency test for
         hunters, including among other things, bird identification.
 4.2     Eco-tourism
 4.2.1   Parties shall encourage, where appropriate but not in the case of core zones of
         protected areas, the elaboration of cooperative programmes between all concerned
         to develop sensitive and appropriate eco-tourism at wetlands holding concentrations
       - of populations listed in Table 1.
 4.2.2   Parties, in cooperation with competent intemational organisations, shall endeavour
         to evaluate the costs, benefits and other consequences that can result from eco-
         tourism at selected wetlands with concentrations of populations listed in Table 1.
         They shall communicate the results of any such evaluations to the Agreement
         secretariat.
 4.3     Other Human Activities
 4.3.1   Parties shall assess the impact of proposed projects which are likely to lead to
         conflicts between populations listed in Table 1 that are in the areas referred to in
         paragraph 3.2 and human interests, and shall make the results of the assessment
         publicly available.
 4.3.2   Parties shall endeavour to gather information on the damage, in particular to crops,
         caused by populations listed in Table 1, and report the results to the Agreement
         secretariat.
 4.3.3   Parties shall cooperate with a view to identifying appropriate techniques to minimize
         damage, or to mitigate the effects of damage, in particular to crops, caused by
         populations listed in Table 1, drawing on the experience gained elsewhere in the
         world.
                                            tfO
 ---pagebreak--- 4.3.4  Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing single species action plans for
       populations which cause significant damage, in particular to crops. The Agreement
       secretariat shall coordinate the development and harmonization of such plans.
4.3.5  Parties shall, as far as possible, promote high environmental standards in the
       planning and construction of structures to minimize their impact on populations listed
       in Table 1. They should consider steps to minimize the impact of structures already
      in existence where it becomes evident that they constitute a negative impact for the
      populations concerned.             . -
4.3.6  In cases where human disturbance threatens the conservation statusof waterbird
      populations listed in Table 1, Parties should endeavour to take measures to limit the
      level of threat. Appropriate measures might include, inter alia, the establishment of
      disturbance-free zones in protected areas where public access is not permitted.
5.     Research and Monitoring
5.1   Parties shall endeavour to carry out survey work in poorly known areas, which may
      hold important concentrations of the populations listed in Table 1. The results of
      such surveys shall be disseminated widely.
5.2   Parties shall endeavour to monitor the populations listed in Table 1. The results of
      such monitoring shall be published or sent to appropriate intemational organizations,
      to enable reviews of population status and trends.
5.3   Parties shair cooperate to improve the measurement of bird population trends as a
      criterion for describing the status of such populations.
5.4   Parties shall cooperate with a view to determining the migration routes of all
      populations listed in Table 1, using available knowledge of breeding and non :
      breeding season distributions and census results, and by participating in coordinated
      ringing programmes.
5.5   Parties shall endeavour to initiate and support joint research projects into the
      ecology and population dynamics of populations listed in Table 1 and their habitats,
      in order to determine their specific requirements as well as the techniques which are
      the most appropriate for their conservation and management.
5.6   Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the effects of wetland loss and
      degradation and disturbance on the carrying capacity of wetlands used by the
      populations listed in Table 1 and on the migration patterns of such populations.
5.7   Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the impact of hunting and trade on
      the populations listed in Table 1 and on the importance of these forms of utilization
      to the local and national economy.
5.8   Parties shall endeavour to cooperate with relevant international organisations and
      to support research and monitoring projects.
                                        4"
 ---pagebreak--- 15.-U9 _95_FRI_JLiLL4b F.U - 4 9 22b «5435UU        uuei , cms d
                                                                                                       *i'i
       6.       Education and Information
       6.1      Parties shall, where necessary, arrange for training programmes to ensure that
                personnel responsible for the Implementation of this Action Plan have an adequate
                knowledge to implement it effectively.
       6.2     Parties shall cooperate with each other and the Agreement secretariat with a view
               to developing training programmes and exchanging resource materials.
       6.3      Parties shall endeavour to develop programmes, information materials and
                mechanisms to improve the level of awareness of the general public with regard to
               the objectives, provisions and contents of this Action Plan, in this regard, particular
               attention shad be given to those people living in and around important wetlands, to
               users of these wetlands (hunters, fishermen, tourists, etc.) and to local authorities
               and other decision makers.
       6.4      Parties shall endeavour to undertake specific public awareness campaigns for the
               conservation of the populations listed in Table 1.
       7.      Implementation
       7.1     When implementing this Action Plan, Parties shall, when appropriate, give priority
               to those populations listed in Column A of Table 1.
       7.2     Where, in the case of populations listed in Table 1, more than one population of the
               same species occurs on the territory of a Party, that Party shall apply conservation
               measures appropriate to the population or populations that have the poorest
               conservation status.
       7.3     The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and with
               the assistance of experts from Range States, shall coordinate the development of
               conservation guidelines in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 4, of this
               Agreement to assist the Parties in the implementation of this Action Plan. The
               Agreement secretariat shall ensure, where possible, coherence with guidelines
               approved under other intemational instruments. These conservation guidelines shall
               aim at introducing the principle of sustainable use. They shall cover, inter alia:
               (a)    single species action plans;
               (b)    emergency measures;
               (c)    preparation of site inventories and habitat management methods;
               (d)    hunting practices;
               (e)    trade in waterbirds;
               (f)   tounsm;
               (g)    reducing crop damage; and
               (h)    a waterbird monitoring protocol.
      7.4      The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and the
               Parties, shall prepare a series of international reviews necessary for the
 ---pagebreak---     implementation of this Action Plan, including:
    (a)    reports on the status and trends of populations;
    (b)    gaps in information from surveys;
    (c)    the networks of sites used by each population, including reviews of the
           protection s:atus of each site as well as of the management measures taken
           in each case;
    (d) pertinent hunting and trade legislation in each country relating to the species
       " listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement;
    (e) the stage of preparation and implementation of single species action plans:
    (f) re-establish-nent projects; and
    Cg) the status of introduced non-native waterbird species and hybrids thereof.
7.5 The Agreement secretariat shall endeavour to ensure that the reviews mentioned
    in paragraph 7.4 are updated at intervals of not more than three years.
7.6 The Technical Committee shall assess the guidelines and reviews prepared under
    paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4, and shall formulate draft recommendations and resolutions
    relating to their development, content and implementation for consideration at
    sessions of the Meeting of the Parties.
7.7 The Agreement secretariat shall regularly undertake a review of potential
    mechanisms for Droviding additional resources (funds and technical assistance) for
    the implementation of this Action Plan, and shall make a report to each ordinary
    session of the Meeting of the Parties.
                              Mi
 ---pagebreak---                                            Table 1
             STAfUS OF THE POPULATIONS OF MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS
KEY TO CLASSIFICATION
The following key to Table 1 is a basis for implementation of the Action Plan:
Column A
Category 1:       (a) Species which are included in Appendix I to the Convention;
                  (b) Species which are listed as threatened in the 1994 IUCN Red List of
                      Threatened Animals (Groombridge 1993): or
                  (c) Populations which number less than around 10,000 individuals.
Category 2:       Populations numbering between around 10,000 and around 25,000
individuals.
Category 3:       Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000
                 individuals and considered to be at risk as a result of:
                 (a) concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual
                      cycle;
                 (b) dependence on a habitat type which is under severe threat;
                 (c) showing significant long-term decline; or
                 (d) showing extreme fluctuations in population size or trend.
For species listed in Categories 2 and 3, above, see paragraph 2.1.1 of this Annex.
Column B
Category 1:      Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000
                 individuals and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of Column A, as
                 described above.
Category 2:      Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals and
                 considered to be in need of special attention as a result of:
                 (a) concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual
                      cycle;
                 (b) dependence on a habitat type which is under severe threat;
                 (c) showing significant long-term decline; or
                 (d) showing large fluctuations in population size or trend.
                                           ^u
 ---pagebreak---  Column C
 Category 1:     Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals which could
                 significantly benefit from international cooperation and which do not fulfil the
                 conditions in respect of either Column A or B, above.
 REVIEW OF TABLE 1
This Table shall be:
(a)   reviewed regulariy by the Technical Committee in accordance with Article VII,
      paragraph 3(b), of this Agreement; and
(b)   amended as necessary by the Meeting of the Parties, in accordance with Article VI,
      paragraph 9(d) of this Agreement, in light of the conclusions of such reviews.
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
bre:  breeding
win:  wintering
N:    Northern
E:    Eastern
S:    Southern
W:    Western
NE:   Northeastern
NW:   Northwestern
SE:   Southeastern
SW:   Southwestern
1
 :    Population status unknown. Conservation status estimated.
*:    See paragraph 2.1.1
NOTES
1.    The population data used to compile Table 1 as far as possible corresponds to the
      number of individuals in the potential breeding stock in the Agreement Area. The
      status is based on the best available published population estimates.
2.    Suffixes (bre) or (win) in population listings are solely aids to population identification.
      They do not indicate seasonal restrictions to actions in respect of these populations
      under this Agreement and Action Plan.
                                   HÏ
 ---pagebreak--- Entrro population
Ciconia nigra
W Afticâ/W Europe                             lc
Centxml/E Europe (bre)
Ciconia tpiscopus
Tropic»! Africa (C. c. microscelu)
Ciconia ciconia
S Africa (C. c. ciconia)                      lc
NV.' Africa/W Europe (bre) (C. c. dcoai»)     3b
Central/E Europe (bre) (C. c. cicooia)           2c
W Asia (bre) (C. c. ciconia)                  3b
PUgadh falcutelhu
Subsahana Africa (P. f. falcinellu.')
W Africa/Europe (P. f. falcinellu*)
E A£rica/SW A«a (P. f. falciaellus)
Gzronticus eremita
Morocco                                       la
SW Aiia                                       la
Thrtskiornis acthiopicup
Subaaharu Africa (T. a. aetbiopicui)
Iraq/Iran (T. a. acthiopicus)                 le
PlataUa Uucorodia
E Atlantic (P. 1. leucorodia)                 lc
Central/SE Europe (bre) (P. 1. leucorodia)
R«J Se* (P. I. areberi)                       le
SW/S Aîia (win) (P. 1. major)
Ptalalea olha
Entire population
Dendrocygna bicolor
Africa
Dendrocygna viauata
Africa
                                           Ht
 ---pagebreak---   Thf'r^titmit iaucoucius
 E/S Africa (T. 1. lenoonooit)
 W Africa CÎ. 1. ksucooom)                      lc
 Oxyun     uwcoctpkalu
 W Mediterranean                                la
 E Medittrranean/W Asia                         la
 Cygnus olor
 KW Europe                                           2d
 Black Sea (win)
 Caspian Sea (win)                                 2i&2d
 Cygnus cygnus
 Iceland (bre)
 NW Europe (win)
 Black Sea (win)
 W Asia (win)
 Cygnus eolumbianus
 Europe (win) (C. c. bewickii)
 Caspian Sea (win) (C. c. bewickii)     • i     lc
11 „   • MMBaarag—aag
A nstr bnchyrhynehus
 Iceland (bre)                                       2a
 Svalbaid (bre)
Ânser/abolis
 W Taiga (bre) (A. f. fabalis)
 W Tundra (bre) (A. f. rojsicus)
A nser alb'tfrons
 KW Europe (win) (A. a. aibifroûs)
 Central Europe (win) (A. a. albifrons)              2c
 Black Sea (win) (A. a. albifrons)
 Caspian Sea (win) (A. 8. albifrons)
 Greenland (bre) (A. a. flavirostri.)          3a
Anser erythropus
 Black Sea/Caspian Sea (win)                    lb
 A nser anser
 Iceland (bre) (A. a. anser)
                                            ^v
 ---pagebreak--- N Europe/W Mediterranean (A. a. anser)
 Central Eutope/N Africa (A. a. anscr)
Black Sea (win) (A. a. anser)
W Siberia/Caspian Sea (A. a. anser)
 Branla Uucopsis
 Greenland (bre)
 Svajoard (bre)
 Russia (bre)
Branla btmicla
 Siberia (bre) (B. b. bemicla)                2b
 Svilbard (bre) (B. b. h rota)             le
Ireland (win) (B. b. hrota)
Branta ruficoltis
Entire papulation                         lb
Alapochen aegyptiacus
Entire population
Tadorna ferwginee
W Mediterranean                           le
E Mediterranean/Black Sea
SW Asia
Tadorna cana
Enure populauoa *
Tadorna tadorna
NW Europe                                     2a
V» Mediterranean
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Piectropterus gambensis
W A&ica (P. g. gambensis)
S Africa (P. g. niger)
Sarkidiomis mehmotos
Africa (S. m. mclanotos)
Neaopus auritus
W Africa                                  lc
                                       U>%
 ---pagebreak---    SVE Africa
   Anas pcndopt
   NW Europe (win)
   Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                       2c
   SW Asia (win)                                       2c
  Anas strtpcra
  NW Europe (win) (A. s. strepcra)
   Black Sea/Mediterranean (win) (A s. «repéra)
   SW Asia (win) (A. s. strepera)
  Anas crecca
  NW Europe (win) (A. c. erccca)
  Black Sea/Mediterranean (win) (A. c. crecca)
   SW Asia (win) (A. c. crecca)                        2c
  Anas eapensis
  Entire population
  A nos piatyrkynehos
  NW Europe (win) (A. p. platyrbynchos)
  Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                        2c
  (A. p. platyrhynchoi)
  SW Asia (win) (A. p. platyrnynclios)
  S Africa (A. u. undulata)
  NW Europe (win)
H Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                        2c
  SW Asia/E Africa (win)
  Anas erythrorhyncha
  S/E Africa
  A nos hotteniota
  W Africa                                         lc*
  S/E Africa
  Anas qutrqucdula
  W Africa (win)
                                                M4
 ---pagebreak---                                                  A     B     c
 E Africa/Asia (win)                                          1
 Anas dypaato
 NW Europe (win) •                                      I
 W Mediterranean (win)                                2a
 Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                                1
                                                                _
 SW Asia (win)                                                1
 Marmorouctta angustirostris
 W Mediterranean                                 lb
 £ Mediterranean                                 lb
 SW Asia                                         lb
                                                    ,.. .         .
 Netta ru/ma                                                       j
 SW/Centra! Europe                             2 •
 SE Europe                                      3c
 SW Asia                                                     1
 Netta erytkrophthalma
 S/E Africa (N. e. brunnea)                   -             1'
Aythya/crita
 NW Europe (win)                                     2c
Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                        2c
SW Asia (win)                                        2c1
Aythya nyroca
Africa (win)                                    lc
Europe (win)                                    3c
SW Asia                                         lc
Aythya fuiigvla
NW Europe (win)                                             1
Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                               I
SW Asia (win)                                             • 1
Aythya marila
E Atlantic (win) (A.m. marila)                              1
Black Sea/Caspian Sea (win) (A no. marila)            I
Somateria malhssinta
Europe (S. m. mollissima)                  |                I
Somateria spectabilis
                                           ^o
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     A
NJE Europe
PotpStieta stetleh
NE Enrope (win)"
Clettg&la hycmaHs
                                                                             J
Icetnnd/Greealand (bre)                                                   2c
NW Europe (win)
Caspian S«a (win)                                                   lc
                                               •-tftf IIWh".illii* WM  ——
Melanitta. nigra
NW Europe (win) (M. n. nigra)                                             2a
Melanitta fusca
NW Europe (win) (M. f fuse»)                                              2a
Black Sea/Caspian Sea (win) (M. f. fusca)                           lc
Bueepkata ctanguio
NW Europe (win) (B. c. clangula)
Black Sea/Mcdissrranean (win) ÇB c. clangula)
Caspian Sea (win) (B. c. clangula)
McrgeUus otbeBsss
Mergus serrstor
NW Europe (win) (M. s. senator)
Black Sea/Mediterranean (win) (Vi s. senator)
SW Asia (win) (M. s. senator)                                       lc
Mergus merganser
NW Europe (win) (M. m. merganser)
Black Sea/Mediterranean (win)                                       U
(M. m. merganser)
SW Asia (win) (M. m. merganser)
                                              €4
 ---pagebreak---                                        DECLARATIONS
                               DECLARATION OF BELGIUM
 The Belgian delegation is particularly pleased with the fact that the representatives of the
 Range States have successfully concluded their work and will thus be able to sign the
 Final Act of the Negotiation Conference.
The Draft Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
 covers questions for which the Regions are mostly, but not exclusively, competent under
 the Belgian Constitution and Law. Insofar as they are competent, the Regions are able to
commit themselves on matters governed by international law. Furthermore, they are duly
 represented within the Belgian delegation.
 If the Agreement is signed by Belgium, the Belgian Government will ensure that the said
 competence of the Regions to commit themselves on international matters is formalized in
 the appropriate manner.
                              DECLARATION OF DENMARK
The Danish delegation wishes to draw attention to the fact that there still remain some
outstanding problems concerning a few species in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The
Danish Government will try to solve these questions in collaboration with the Greenland
Home Rule and the Faroese Home Rule in order that no reservations or declarations
concerning single species will be necessary for the whole or parts of the territory of
Denmark at the time of the Danish ratification, acceptance or approval of the Agreement.
Our acceptance to adopt the text of the Agreement should be seen in this light.
                               DECLARATION OF FRANCE
France would like to remind the Meeting of its wish to integrate, in the light of the
knowledge available, population evolution trends which are an essential source of
information for determining the intensity of hunting that is compatible with the principle
of sustainable use. Such integration would be an enrichment of the content of the Action
Plan.
                           DECLARATION OF SWITZERLAND
Following the modification of the operative part of Table 1 of the Action Plan, which
introduces the additional possibility of continuing to take species that enjoy strict
protection in accordance with Article III, paragraph 2(a), of the Agreement, the Swiss
delegate made a statement to the following effect:
                                       9L
 ---pagebreak--- This proposition reveals a certain lack of logic in the categorization of populations,
because it mixes protected species and species that may be hunted. In addition, the
provisions of the Agreement and of the Action Plan will be applied differently by Parries,
since the exceptional taking of these species shall only take place "where hunting is a
traditional cultural activity".
Consequently, this provision contravenes the desired harmonization of the provisions and
will make it harder to implement the Agreement.
Finally, it is unfortunate that in a brand new Agreement it should be necessary to consider
exceptions to the general norms on top of the usual general waiver provisions that already
appear in the Agreement and the Convention.
The Swiss delegation nevertheless sides with the general feeling of the meeting and will
not oppose the acceptance of the proposed text in order not to jeopardize the chances of
success of the proposed Agreement.
(The Hague, 15 June 1995; Raymond Pierre Lebeau)
                                DECLARATION OF ZIMBABWE
Mr. Chairman, Dear Ministers, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and
Gentlemen,
On behalf of the African Ministers for Environment and other heads of delegations from
Africa, I wish to take this opportunity to thank the Dutch Government for the warm
welcome accorded to the delegations since their arrival a few days ago. I also wish to
thank the host Government for the wonderful facilities that have been put at our disposal
during the conference to ensure its success.
Mr. Chairman, I also take this opportunity to thank the Secretariat of the Bonn Convention
and the officials of the Dutch Government who have put a lot of efforts in organising this
meeting from the beginning to its successful completion. This meeting, as we all know,
started from a humble beginning and is now reaching its maturity stage. The commitment
of the Range States from Africa to have this Agreement on the Conservation of African-
Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds concluded is well demonstrated by the high level
representation and large of number of delegates present during this meeting.
Mr. Chairman, the delegates present here have negotiated an agreement involving very
delicate species of our biological diversity, I say delicate species, because the migratory
waterbirds do change their habitats at given intervals and it is during these changes that
they face greatest dangers in their migratory patterns. This Agreement will enlighten the
intemational community and in particular the parties to this agreement, on issues related to
the protection, conservation and sustainable use of the migratory waterbirds.
Mr. Chairman, this agreement once it becomes operational, will require a number of things
to be done. One such thing is the collection of proper and representative data of the
                                         ^3
 ---pagebreak--- Ao
     migratory waterbirds from all the member states to this agreement. Mr. Chairman, it is
     clear that such data is not readily available in Africa and it is my sincere hope that the
     African countries will be assisted to carry out researches on migratory waterbirds in order
     to update the existing data. Mr. Chairman, Africa is a home to various species of
     waterbirds which have co-existed with different communities for centuries. These
     communities deserve to be congratulated for their sustainable use of these waterbirds.
     Mr. Chairman, since the conclusion of the Rio Summit in June 1992, a number of -
     conventions have been signed to protect the. environment One such convention which is
     related to this agreement is the convention on biological diversity. I am happy to note that
     mis agreement is being negotiated under the auspices of Bonn Convention which will co-
     locate the secretariat of the agreement. Mr. Chairman, we are equally happy and grateful
     to the Dutch Government for their offer to host the interim secretariat for three years and
     to host the first Meeting of the Parties once the agreement comes into force.
    Mr. Chairman, it is well known that Africa and other countries of the South provide over
     80% of the biological diversity. It is therefore very important that the South is fiilly
    involved in all matters related to biological diversity. Countries of the South are ready to
    play their rightful role in such matters, as in this agreement. As I have indicated above
    that the South provides 80% of all biological diversity. Mr. Chairman, Africa will continiie
    to preserve, conserve and protect its biological diversity for the benefit of present and
    future generations.
    Mr. Chairman, once again allow me to profoundly thank the Dutch Government for all it
    is doing in various fields of environment protection. Thank you.
    (Presented to AEWA 16/06/95 at The Hague by Chen Chimuntengwende, MP and Minister
    of Environment and Tourism of Zimbabwe)
              JOINT DECLARATION OF ETHIOPIA, NAMIBIA, SOUTH AFRICA,
                  SUDAN, SWAZILAND, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA,
                                     ZAMBIA AND ZIMBABWE
   Controlled hunting is regarded as potentially beneficial to the conservation of species and
   sustainable human development in many rural areas in Africa. Hunting and other forms of
   sustainable use provide revenue which is in turn re-invested in conservation of the
   respective species and in rural development.
   The provisions of paragraphs 2.2.1. and 2.2.2. of the Action Plan are therefore not
   interpreted as a prohibition of controlled hunting if there is no reason to suspect that such
   hunting would be detrimental to the conservation of any species.
                                                 5"4
 ---pagebreak---                                                                     ISSN 0254-1475
                                                             COM(95) 444 final
                                               DOCUMENTS
EN                                                                             14
                                     Catalogue number : CB-CO-95-485-EN-C
                                                              ISBN 92-77-93771-8
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