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[ "nirvaan", "Nirvana", "Nirvaan", "Nirvana (concept)", "nibbāna", "nibbána", "Nibbāna", "Nirvritti", "NIRVANA", "nirvāṇa", "heaven buddhism", "Nirvāṇa", "Nibbána", "nirvana concept", "Nirvana (philosophical concept)", "nirvāna", "Heaven (Buddhism)", "nirvritti", "nirvana", "nirvana philosophical concept", "Nirvana (Philosophical concept)", "Nirvāna" ]

[ { "id": "399622", "score": "1.7587066", "text": "attained by sādhanā, literally \"means of accomplishing something\". It includes a variety of disciplines, such as yoga and meditation. Nirvana is the profound peace of mind that is acquired with moksha (liberation). In Buddhism and Jainism, it is the state of being free from suffering. In Hindu philosophy, it is union with the Brahman (Supreme Being). The word literally means \"blown out\" (as in a candle) and refers, in the Buddhist context, to the blowing out of the fires of desire, aversion, and delusion, and the imperturbable stillness of mind acquired thereafter. In Theravada Buddhism the emphasis is on one's", "title": "Salvation" }, { "id": "6561542", "score": "1.7361616", "text": "is no soul or self in any living being, then passing through the gate of signlessness (\"animitta\") – realizing that nirvana cannot be perceived, and finally passing through the gate of wishlessness (\"apranihita\") – realizing that nirvana is the state of not even wishing for nirvana. The nirvana state has been described in Buddhist texts partly in a manner similar to other Indian religions, as the state of complete liberation, enlightenment, highest happiness, bliss, fearlessness, freedom, permanence, non-dependent origination, unfathomable, and indescribable. It has also been described in part differently, as a state of spiritual release marked by \"emptiness\" and", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "id": "14937616", "score": "1.7001632", "text": "the Dhamma. At best it is only a temporary way station. The ultimate goal is the cessation of suffering, and the bliss of the heavens, no matter how blissful, is not the same as the cessation of suffering. According to the Buddha's teaching, all states of existence within the round of rebirths, even the heavens, are transient, unreliable, bound up with pain. Thus, the ultimate aim of the Dhamma is nothing short of liberation, which means total release from the round of rebirth and death. Liberation from the rounds of rebirth requires more than just meditation achievement. It is necessary", "title": "Buddhist cosmology of the Theravada school" }, { "id": "11261359", "score": "1.6911389", "text": "causal happening' (\"paticcasamuppada\"), but not 'organized,' or 'planned' conditioning (\"sankha-rana\")\", as well as \"a state of perfect mental health (\"aroga\"), of perfect happiness (\"parama sukha\"), calmness or coolness (\"sitibhuta\"), and stability (\"aneñja\"), etc. attained in this life, or while one is alive.\" Mahasi Sayadaw, one of the most influential 20th century Theravada \"vipassana\" teachers, states in his \"\"On the nature of Nibbana\"\" that \"nibbana is perfect peace (\"santi\")\" and \"the complete annihilation of the three cycles of defilement, action, and result of action, which all go to create mind and matter, volitional activities, etc.\" He further states that for arahants", "title": "Nirvana (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "6561541", "score": "1.6837717", "text": "distinction is being made between right knowledge or insight (\"sammā-ñāṇa\"), and right liberation or release (\"sammā-vimutti\"), as the means to attain cessation and liberation. Nirvana literally means \"blowing out, quenching, becoming extinguished\". In early Buddhist texts, it is the state of restraint and self-control that leads to the \"blowing out\" and the ending of the cycles of sufferings associated with rebirths and redeaths. Many later Buddhist texts describe nirvana as identical with \"anatta\" with complete \"emptiness, nothingness\". In some texts, the state is described with greater detail, such as passing through the gate of emptiness (\"sunyata\") – realizing that there", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of aesthetics\n\nThis is a history of aesthetics.", "title": "History of aesthetics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Language learning centre/Word list" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Core Content/Articles" }, { "id": "6561537", "score": "1.6826587", "text": "is an intermediate state (Tibetan \"bardo\") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects the wait, and asserts that rebirth of a being is immediate. However there are passages in the \"Samyutta Nikaya\" of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught about an intermediate stage between one life and the next. In Buddhism, karma (from Sanskrit: \"action, work\") drives \"saṃsāra\" – the endless cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skilful deeds (Pāli: \"kusala\") and bad, unskilful deeds (Pāli: \"akusala\") produce \"seeds\" in the unconscious receptacle (\"ālaya\")", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "id": "11261354", "score": "1.676313", "text": "works show that nirvana means 'extinction' as well as 'the highest positive experience of happiness'. Jayatilleke writes that despite the definition of nirvana as 'extinction', this does not mean that it is a kind of annihilation or a state of dormant nonentity, for this contradicts the statements of the Buddha that reject this interpretation. Jayatilleke holds that the early texts clearly proclaim that nothing can be said about the state of the Buddha after \"paranibbana\" (the end of his psycho-physical personality) because \"we do not have the concepts or words to describe adequately the state of the emancipated person.\" This", "title": "Nirvana (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "348897", "score": "1.6666228", "text": "of \"Saṃsāra\". This asserts that the nature of existence is a \"suffering-laden cycle of life, death, and rebirth, without beginning or end\". Also referred to as the wheel of existence (\"Bhavacakra\"), it is often mentioned in Buddhist texts with the term \"punarbhava\" (rebirth, re-becoming). Liberation from this cycle of existence, \"Nirvana\", is the foundation and the most important purpose of Buddhism. Buddhist texts also assert that an enlightened person knows his previous births, a knowledge achieved through high levels of meditative concentration. Tibetan Buddhism discusses death, bardo (an intermediate state), and rebirth in texts such as the \"Tibetan Book of", "title": "Reincarnation" }, { "id": "1488089", "score": "1.665024", "text": "is just a state for an afterlife, through these realms, because of a combination of ignorance, desires and purposeful karma, or ethical and unethical actions. Nirvana is typically described as the freedom from rebirth and the only alternative to suffering of \"Samsara\", in Buddhism. However, the Buddhist texts developed a more comprehensive theory of rebirth, states Steven Collins, from fears of redeath, called \"amata\" (death-free), a state which is considered synonymous with nirvana. Sikhism incorporates the concepts of \"Saṃsāra\" (sometimes spelled as Sansara in Sikh texts), \"Karma\" and cyclical nature of time and existence. Founded in the 15th century, its", "title": "Saṃsāra" }, { "id": "2608179", "score": "1.6606898", "text": "what undergoes rebirth, rebecoming and redeath. Some traditions assert that the rebirth occurs immediately, while others such as the Tibetan Buddhism posits an interim state wherein as many of 49 days pass between death and rebirth and this belief drives the local funerary rituals. There is no word corresponding exactly to the English terms \"rebirth\", \"metempsychosis\", \"transmigration\" or \"reincarnation\" in the traditional Buddhist languages of Pāli and Sanskrit. Rebirth is referred to by various terms, representing an essential step in the endless cycle of \"samsara\", terms such as \"re-becoming\" or \"becoming again\"(Sanskrit: punarbhava, Pali: punabbhava), re-born (\"punarjanman\"), re-death (\"punarmrityu\"), or", "title": "Rebirth (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "180104", "score": "1.6523396", "text": "is the \"Trāyastriṃśa\", which resembles Olympus of Greek mythology. In the Mahayana world view, there are also pure lands which lie outside this continuum and are created by the Buddhas upon attaining enlightenment. Rebirth in the pure land of Amitabha is seen as an assurance of Buddhahood, for once reborn there, beings do not fall back into cyclical existence unless they choose to do so to save other beings, the goal of Buddhism being the obtainment of enlightenment and freeing oneself and others from the birth–death cycle. The Tibetan word \"Bardo\" means literally \"intermediate state\". In Sanskrit the concept has", "title": "Heaven" }, { "id": "11261327", "score": "1.6448015", "text": "instead of the liberating practice of \"dhyana\"; it may also reflect a successful assimilation of non-Buddhist meditation practices in ancient India into the Buddhist canon. According to Anālayo, the term \"uttari\"-\"vimutti\" (highest liberation) is also widely used in the early buddhist texts to refer to liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Most modern scholars such as Rupert Gethin, Richard Gombrich, Donald Lopez and Paul Williams hold that nirvāṇa (\"nibbana\" in Pali, also called \"nibbanadhatu\", the property of nibbana), means the 'blowing out' or 'extinguishing' of greed, aversion, and delusion, and that this signifies the permanent cessation of samsara and rebirth.", "title": "Nirvana (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "2608176", "score": "1.6432706", "text": "Rebirth (Buddhism) Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead to a new existence after death, in endless cycles called \"saṃsāra\". This cycle is considered to be \"dukkha\", unsatisfactory and painful. The cycle stops only if liberation is achieved by insight and the extinguishing of desire. Rebirth is one of the foundational doctrines of Buddhism, along with Karma, nirvana and moksha. The rebirth doctrine in Buddhism, sometimes referred to as reincarnation or metempsychosis, asserts that rebirth does not necessarily take place as another human being, but as an existence in one of the six", "title": "Rebirth (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "2608203", "score": "1.6420684", "text": "stick to the soul which determines the next birth. Jainism, further asserts that some souls can never achieve liberation, that ethical living such as Ahimsa (non-violence) and asceticism are means to liberation for those who can attain liberation, and that liberated souls reach the eternal \"siddha\" (enlightened state) that ends their rebirth cycles. Jainism, like Buddhism, also believes in realms of birth and is symbolized by its emblematic Swastika sign, with ethical and moral theories of its lay practices focussing on obtaining good rebirth. Rebirth (Buddhism) Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead", "title": "Rebirth (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "11261360", "score": "1.6393044", "text": "\"no new life is formed after his decease-consciousness.\" Mahasi Sayadaw further states that nibbana is the cessation of the five aggregates which is like \"a flame being extinguished\". However this doesn't mean that \"an arahant as an individual has disappeared\" because there is no such thing as an \"individual\" in an ultimate sense, even though we use this term conventionally. Ultimate however, \"there is only a succession of mental and physical phenomena arising and dissolving.\" For this reason, Mahasi Sayadaw holds that although for an arahant \"cessation means the extinction of the successive rise and fall of the aggregates\" this", "title": "Nirvana (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "2608180", "score": "1.6374304", "text": "sometimes just \"becoming\" (Pali/Sanskrit: bhava), while the state one is born into, the individual process of being born or coming into the world in any way, is referred to simply as \"birth\" (Pali/Sanskrit: jāti). The entire universal process of beings being reborn again and again is called \"wandering about\" (Pali/Sanskrit: ). Some English-speaking Buddhists prefer the term \"rebirth\" or \"re-becoming\" (Sanskrit: \"punarbhava\"; Pali: \"punabbhava\") to \"reincarnation\" as they take the latter to imply an entity (soul) that is reborn. Buddhism denies there is any such soul or self in a living being, but does assert that there is a cycle", "title": "Rebirth (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "11261332", "score": "1.6347051", "text": "is conceptualizing or proliferating (\"papañca\") about that which is without proliferation (\"appapañcaṃ\") and thus a kind of distorted thinking bound up with the self. In the early texts, the practice of the noble path and the four dhyanas was said to lead to the extinction of the three fires, and then proceed to the cessation of all discursive thoughts and apperceptions, then ceasing all feelings (happiness and sadness). According to Collins, nirvana is associated with a meditative attainment called the 'Cessation of Perception/Ideation and Feeling' (\"sannavedayitanirodha\"), also known as the 'Attainment of Cessation' (\"nirodhasamapatti\"). In later Buddhism, dhyana practice was", "title": "Nirvana (Buddhism)" }, { "id": "6561534", "score": "1.633708", "text": "and the most important historical justification of Buddhism. The later Buddhist texts assert that rebirth can occur in six realms of existence, namely three good realms (heavenly, demi-god, human) and three evil realms (animal, hungry ghosts, hellish). Samsara ends if a person attains nirvana, the \"blowing out\" of the desires and the gaining of true insight into impermanence and non-self reality. Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. In Buddhist thought, this rebirth does not involve any soul, because", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "id": "7422514", "score": "1.633636", "text": "x-generating-y-and-y-generating-z-and-z-generating-a, etc., is \"Samsara\", the prison-house of the reincarnating non-self; whereas liberation from dependency, enforced rebirth and bondage is nirvana or reality / spiritual essence (\"tattva\" / \"dharmata\"). This sphere also bears the name \"Tathagatagarbha\" (Buddha matrix). It is the deathless realm where dependent origination holds no sway, where non-self is supplanted by the everlasting, sovereign (\"aishvarya\") self (atman) (as a trans-historical, unconditioned, ultimate, liberating, supra-worldly yet boundless and immanent awakened mind). Of this real truth, called nirvana - which, while salvationally infused into samsara, is not bound or imprisoned in it - the Buddha states in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana", "title": "Reality in Buddhism" }, { "id": "399623", "score": "1.6329789", "text": "own liberation from samsara. The Mahayana traditions emphasize the bodhisattva path, in which \"each Buddha and Bodhisattva is a redeemer\", assisting the Buddhist in seeking to achieve the redemptive state. The assistance rendered is a form of self-sacrifice on the part of the teachers, who would presumably be able to achieve total detachment from worldly concerns, but have instead chosen to remain engaged in the material world to the degree that this is necessary to assist others in achieving such detachment. In Jainism, \"salvation\", \"moksa\" and \"nirvana\" are one and the same. When a soul (\"atman\") achieves moksa, it is", "title": "Salvation" } ]

[ "woomera disambiguation", "Woomera", "Woomera (disambiguation)", "woomera" ]

[ { "id": "18865341", "score": "1.6311605", "text": "would double the area of land in South Australia under environmental protection to 1.8 million hectares. The area includes 390 species of plants and a large number of habitats for rare species of animals and birds. In May 2011, after years of negotiations, Rann joined with Federal Defence Minister Stephen Smith and Resources Minister Martin Ferguson to announce that large areas of the Woomera Prohibited Area, the largest defence testing reserve in the world, would be opened up for mining, allowing the future exploitation of mineral deposits estimated at billions of dollars. The first Newspoll of the third term of", "title": "Rann Government" }, { "id": "970588", "score": "1.6145482", "text": "Protected areas of South Australia Protected areas of South Australia consists of protected areas located within South Australia and its immediate onshore waters and which are managed by South Australian Government agencies. As of March 2018, South Australia contains 359 separate protected areas declared under the \"National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972\", the \"Crown Land Management Act 2009\" and the \"Wilderness Protection Act 1992\" which have a total land area of or 21.5% of the state’s area. The jurisdiction for legislation of protected areas within South Australia and the immediate onshore waters known officially as ‘the coastal waters and waters", "title": "Protected areas of South Australia" }, { "id": "360978", "score": "1.6117918", "text": "South Australia South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the", "title": "South Australia" }, { "id": "12362594", "score": "1.5971423", "text": "of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,057 sq. mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory (an additional 5,896 square kilometres). Australia has the largest area of ocean jurisdiction of any country on earth. It has no land borders. The northernmost points of the country are the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland and the Top End of the Northern Territory. The western half of Australia consists of the Western Plateau, which rises to mountain heights near the west coast and falls to lower elevations near the continental centre. The Western Plateau region is generally flat, though broken by", "title": "Geography of Australia" }, { "id": "19908793", "score": "1.5946045", "text": "Conservation reserves of South Australia Conservation reserves of South Australia is a class of protected area used in the Australian state of South Australia where crown land under the control of the responsible minister has been dedicated for conservation purposes. This class of protected area has been in use as early as 1985 and , there are fifteen conservation reserves that cover an area of 194.7 square kilometres (75.1 sq mi) or less than 1% of South Australia's land area. In South Australia, a conservation reserve is a class of protected area concerned with \"(crown) land set aside for conservation", "title": "Conservation reserves of South Australia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of old-growth forests\n\nThis is a list of existing old-growth (including \"virgin\") forests, or remnants of forest, of at least . ecoregion information from \"Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World\".", "title": "List of old-growth forests" }, { "id": "6339005", "score": "1.5704327", "text": "completed Burnside War Memorial Hospital opened in October, and received its first patients in November 1956. Toorak Gardens has an area of 1.11 km² with a population density of 2,303/km². (2006 census) Situated on the Adelaide Plains at an average elevation of 80 metres above sea level and a kilometre east of the parklands, the suburb is rectangular shaped and wholly urbanised. There is only one notable park, Fergusson Square; the only other open space is provided by the Toorak Bowling Club. Prior to European settlement, the area was heavily forested. Blue Gum and River Gum trees grew on the", "title": "Toorak Gardens, South Australia" }, { "id": "6999408", "score": "1.5671002", "text": "total area of the City of Adelaide is 15.6 km, of which 7.6 km is Park Lands. Other sources put the Park Lands area closer to 7.0 km. The original area was 2,300 acres (9.3 km, a number the Council still regularly quotes. Apart from providing the usual services like rubbish collection and controlling local development, the City of Adelaide owns and operates a number of city services and amenities, including: The City of Adelaide has been involved in the Sister Cities program since 1972 and has international partnership arrangements with: The armorial flag of Adelaide, was approved on 2", "title": "City of Adelaide" }, { "id": "361022", "score": "1.5640028", "text": "Australian Open, with the most recent being in 1998. The state has hosted the Tour Down Under cycle race since 1999. Food and drink Lists South Australia South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than", "title": "South Australia" }, { "id": "9625093", "score": "1.5409297", "text": "from Bruce Rock to Eyre, but not within 40 kilometres (25 mi) of the south coast, except at its eastern limits. It has an area of about 79000 square kilometres (31000 mi²), making it about a quarter of the South West Botanic Province, 3% of the state, and 1% of Australia. It is bounded to the south by the Esperance Plains region; to the west and northwest by the Avon Wheatbelt region; and to the east by the Coolgardie region. There are a number of small towns in the west of the region, where wheat is grown. These include Gnowangerup,", "title": "Mallee (biogeographic region)" }, { "id": "7662074", "score": "1.5305588", "text": "mile maps') covering a coastal strip 200 miles (300 km) inland from Townsville to Port Augusta and 100 miles (200 km) inland from Albany to Geraldton and key strategic areas in Tasmania and around Darwin and '1 mile' maps of populated places. Map production was from existing State Lands Departments information and conducted jointly between State and Commonwealth agencies and Survey Corps units. The programme expanded to include more of Australia, New Guinea, New Britain and New Ireland and although many maps were of a preliminary standard only, providing general coverage critical at the time. Initially, the Australian Survey Corps", "title": "Royal Australian Survey Corps" }, { "id": "11933050", "score": "1.5285445", "text": "Protected Areas covering close to 170,000 square kilometres or 23 per cent of the National Reserve System. In July 2012, The Nature Conservancy, alongside IPA alongside the Central Land Council and government representatives from Australia’s National Reserve System, helped announce the launch of the Southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area.This Indigenous Protected Area is Australia’s largest land reserve, spanning 10.15 million hectares. It protects important pieces of the Northern Territory’s natural legacy. Included in the Southern Tanami reserve are much of Lake Mackay—Australia’s second-largest lake—and an enormous swath of the Tanami Desert. This IPA links a variety of habitats that includes", "title": "Indigenous Protected Area" }, { "id": "6999407", "score": "1.5237583", "text": "\"Capacity\" theme proposed doubling the City's population by 2010 and increasing the number of City visitors and workers. According to the Annual Reports, the population has increased rapidly, due to the targets stated in the strategic plans developed at about that time. * Visitors to the city from the Adelaide Metropolitan area, for all purposes<br> ** Square kilometres (millions of square metres) of office space. i.e. 1.503 km = 1,503,000 sq. metres.<br> Sources:<br> 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01 1999-00 1998-99 1997-98 The city's 2010-11 Annual Report noted that the", "title": "City of Adelaide" }, { "id": "3982062", "score": "1.5184319", "text": "at Oak Valley replacing what had been described as the \"worst school in Australia\". In May 2004, following the passage of special legislation, Premier Rann handed back title to 21,000 square kilometres of land to the Maralinga Tjarutja and Pila Nguru people. The land, 1000 km northwest of Adelaide and abutting the Western Australia border, was called the Unnamed Conservation Park. It is now known as Mamungari Conservation Park. It includes the Serpentine Lakes and was the largest land return since Premier John Bannon's hand over of Maralinga lands in 1984. At the 2004 ceremony Premier Rann said the return", "title": "Maralinga" }, { "id": "6465302", "score": "1.5181901", "text": "of the 1782 square kilometre former nuclear test site was returned in 2014. Maralinga Tjarutja The Maralinga Tjarutja is the corporation representing the traditional Anangu owners of the remote western areas of South Australia known as the Maralinga Tjarutja lands. It is one of the four regions local government areas of South Australia classified an \"Aboriginal Council\" (AC) and not incorporated within a local government area. This indigenous Australian people whose historic rights over the area have been officially recognised belongs to the southern branch of the Pitjantjatjara people. They have a community centre at Oak Valley, 520 miles NW", "title": "Maralinga Tjarutja" }, { "id": "7662085", "score": "1.5167797", "text": "and Murray Rivers near Urana, New South Wales (1946), production of maps for the 1947 Australian Census and survey and mapping projects for the Woomera Rocket Range (1946–1953) in South Australia and Western Australia and the atomic test range at Maralinga in South Australia. Corps units were established in each of the regional military districts, except Tasmania and Northern Territory, and a survey school was established in Victoria. In 1956 Australia adopted decimal/metric scales for mapping, largely for military interoperability with major allies and the global trend. After the '1 mile' military maps were discontinued in 1959, and although Defence", "title": "Royal Australian Survey Corps" }, { "id": "4803916", "score": "1.5137106", "text": "1.5 million square kilometres from Port Hedland to Carnarvon in Western Australia, and from the coast to the border with the Northern Territory; being approximately one-sixth of the total Australia mass. A detailed knowledge of its Area of Operations is maintained by conducting reconnaissance patrols by foot, vehicle and watercraft; surveillance from static observation posts; and by systematic communication and liaison with police, customs, other regional authorities, and with local landowners. On 1 March 2010, Pilbara Regiment became part of the re-raised 6th Brigade. On 4 October 2018, all three RFSUs were grouped together as part of a new formation", "title": "Pilbara Regiment" }, { "id": "3407121", "score": "1.512436", "text": "Moonta, both rural areas but with more resources available to cope with an ageing population. A 1976 study found that less than 10 per cent (around 160 people) of residents aged over 65 had lived in the area for less than 5 years, leading to a lack of specific aged-care facilities. According to the 2006 Census the population of the Mount Gambier census area was 24,905 people, making it the largest urban area in the state outside Adelaide, and the 50th largest urban area in Australia. Approximately 51.7% of the population were female, 84.9% were Australian born, over 91.5% of", "title": "Mount Gambier, South Australia" }, { "id": "1343863", "score": "1.5117164", "text": "older property is Madura Station, situated closer to the coast, it has a size of and is also stocked with sheep. Madura was established prior to 1927, the extent of the property at that time was reported as . In 2011 South Australian Premier Mike Rann announced that a huge area of the Nullarbor, stretching almost from the WA border to the Great Australian Bight, would be given formal Wilderness Protection Status. Rann said the move would double the area of land in South Australia under environmental protection, to . The area contains 390 species of plants and a large", "title": "Nullarbor Plain" }, { "id": "3396668", "score": "1.5017264", "text": "Western Australia 315 km north-east of Geraldton on a flat desert-like plain at an elevation of about 460 metres. South Africa: The core site is located at at an elevation of about 1000 metres in the Karoo area of the arid Northern Cape Province, about 75 km north-west of Carnarvon, with distant stations in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia. On 10 March 2012 it was reported that the SKA Site Advisory Committee had made a confidential report in February that the South African bid was stronger. The final decision on the site by the project's board", "title": "Square Kilometre Array" }, { "id": "9733053", "score": "1.5007913", "text": "land area, or about 11.5% of the total land area. Of these, two-thirds are considered strictly protected (IUCN categories I to IV), and the rest is mostly managed resources protected area (IUCN category VI). There are also 200 marine protected areas, which cover a further 64.8 million hectares. Indigenous Protected Area have been established since the 1990s, the largest of which covers part of the Tanami Desert in the Northern Territory. The protected natural areas include world heritage listed properties, such as the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh/Naracoorte), Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Fraser Island, Great Barrier Reef, Greater Blue Mountains", "title": "Environment of Australia" } ]

[ "Anders Angstrm", "anders angstrm" ]

[ { "id": "14779997", "score": "1.5626427", "text": "unit of length for spectroscopic measurements, first by the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research (1907) and later by the CIPM (1927). Michelson's work in \"measuring\" the prototype metre to within of a wavelength ( µm) was one of the reasons for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1907. By the 1950s, interferometry had become the method of choice for precise measurements of length, but there remained a practical problem imposed by the system of units used. The natural unit for expressing a length measured by interferometry was the ångström, but this result then had", "title": "History of the metre" }, { "id": "15597325", "score": "1.546889", "text": "astronomer, published the book \"Observationes diametrorum solis et lunae apparentium\" in which he proposed a decimal system of measurement of length for use by scientists in international communication, to be based on the dimensions of the Earth. The milliare would be defined as a minute of arc along a meridian and would be divided into 10 centuria, the centuria into 10 decuria and so on, successive units being the virga, virgula, decima, centesima, and the millesima. Mouton used Riccioli's estimate that one degree of arc was 321,185 Bolognese feet, and his own experiments showed that a pendulum of length one", "title": "History of the metric system" }, { "id": "1510914", "score": "1.5383492", "text": "Light-second The light-second is a unit of length useful in astronomy, telecommunications and relativistic physics. It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly metres by the definition of metre (just over miles). Just as the second forms the basis for other units of time, the light-second can form the basis for other units of length, ranging from the light-nanosecond (299.8 mm or just under one international foot) to the light-minute, light-hour and light-day, which are sometimes used in popular science publications. The more commonly used light-year is also", "title": "Light-second" }, { "id": "1510911", "score": "1.5383492", "text": "Light-second The light-second is a unit of length useful in astronomy, telecommunications and relativistic physics. It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly metres by the definition of metre (just over miles). Just as the second forms the basis for other units of time, the light-second can form the basis for other units of length, ranging from the light-nanosecond (299.8 mm or just under one international foot) to the light-minute, light-hour and light-day, which are sometimes used in popular science publications. The more commonly used light-year is also", "title": "Light-second" }, { "id": "390477", "score": "1.5293413", "text": "parts per billion (), equivalent to the uncertainty in Earth-based measurements of length by interferometry. Since the metre is defined to be the length travelled by light in a certain time interval, the measurement of the light time in terms of the previous definition of the astronomical unit can also be interpreted as measuring the length of an AU (old definition) in metres. A method of measuring the speed of light is to measure the time needed for light to travel to a mirror at a known distance and back. This is the working principle behind the Fizeau–Foucault apparatus developed", "title": "Speed of light" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Angstrom\n\nThe angstrom , 0.1 nanometre, or 100 picometres. Its symbol is Å, a letter of the Swedish alphabet. The unit is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874).<ref name=oxdic2/> \n\nThe angstrom is often used in the natural sciences and technology to express sizes of atoms, molecules, microscopic biological structures, and lengths of chemical bonds, arrangement of atoms in crystals, wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and dimensions of integrated circuit parts. The atomic (covalent) radii of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are about 1 angstrom, while that of hydrogen is about 0.5 angstroms. Visible light has wavelengths in the range of 4000–7000 Å.\n\nIn the late 19th century, spectroscopists adopted of a metre as a convenient unit to express the wavelengths of characteristic spectral lines (monochromatic components of the emission spectrum) of chemical elements. However, they soon realized that the definition of the metre at the time, based on a material artifact, was not accurate enough for their work. So, around 1907 they defined their own unit of length, which they called \"Ångström\", based on the wavelength of a specific spectral line.<ref name=oxdic2/> It was only in 1960, when the metre was redefined in the same way, that the angstrom became again equal to metre. \n\nEven though it is a decimal power fraction of the metre, the angstrom was never part of the SI system of units, or in the NIST version of the same.\n\nThe 8th edition of the BIPM brochure (2006) and the NIST guide 811 (2008) used the spelling \"ångström\", with Swedish letters; however, this form is rare in English texts. Some popular US dictionaries list only the spelling \"angstrom\".<ref name=webster/><ref name=collins/> \n\nThe accepted symbol is \"Å\", no matter how the unit is spelled.<ref name=collins/> However, \"A\" is often used in less formal contexts or typographically limited media.", "title": "Angstrom" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of the metre\n\nThe history of the metre starts with the Scientific Revolution that is considered to have begun with Nicolaus Copernicus's publication of \"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\" in 1543. Increasingly accurate measurements were required, and scientists looked for measures that were universal and could be based on natural phenomena rather than royal decree or physical prototypes. Rather than the various complex systems of subdivision then in use, they also preferred a decimal system to ease their calculations.\n\nWith the French Revolution (1789) came a desire to replace many features of the Ancien Régime, including the traditional units of measure. As a base unit of length, many scientists had favoured the seconds pendulum (a pendulum with a half-period of one second) one century earlier, but this was rejected as it had been discovered that this length varied from place to place with local gravity. A new unit of length, the \"metre\" was introduced – defined as one ten-millionth of the shortest distance from the North Pole to the equator passing through Paris, assuming an Earth flattening of 1/334.\n\nFor practical purposes however, the standard metre was made available in the form of a platinum bar held in Paris. This in turn was replaced in 1889 at the initiative of the International Geodetic Association by thirty platinum-iridium bars kept across the globe. The comparison of the new prototypes of the metre with each other and with the Committee metre (French: \"Mètre des Archives\") involved the development of specialized measuring equipment and the definition of a reproducible temperature scale.\n\nDuring the mid nineteenth century the metre gained adoption worldwide, particularly in scientific usage, and it was officially established as an international measurement unit by the Metre Convention of 1875. Where older traditional length measures are still used, they are now defined in terms of the metre – for example the yard has since 1959 officially been defined as exactly 0.9144 metre.<ref name=\"Nelson\" />", "title": "History of the metre" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Metre\n\nThe metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) (from the French unit , from the Greek noun , \"measure\"), symbol m, is the primary unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), though its prefixed forms are also used relatively frequently.\n\nThe metre was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a great circle, so the Earth's circumference is approximately  km. In 1799, the metre was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar (the actual bar used was changed in 1889). In 1960, the metre was redefined in terms of a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. The current definition was adopted in 1983 and modified slightly in 2002 to clarify that the metre is a measure of proper length. From 1983 until 2019, the metre was formally defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in of a second. After the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units, this definition was rephrased to include the definition of a second in terms of the caesium frequency .", "title": "Metre" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Millimetre\n\nThe millimetre (international spelling; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Therefore, there are one thousand millimetres in a metre. There are ten millimetres in a centimetre.\n\nOne millimetre is equal to micrometres or nanometres.\nSince an inch is officially defined as exactly 25.4 millimetres, a millimetre is equal to exactly (≈ 0.03937) of an inch.", "title": "Millimetre" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "International System of Units" }, { "id": "12855", "score": "1.5288159", "text": "2009, the IAU had updated its standard measures to reflect improvements, and calculated the speed of light at (TDB). In 1983, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) modified the International System of Units (SI, or \"modern\" metric system) to make the metre defined as the distance travelled in a vacuum by light in 1/299792458 second. This replaced the previous definition, valid between 1960 and 1983, which was that the metre equalled a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. (The reason for the change was an improved method of measuring the speed of light.)", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "id": "13540601", "score": "1.5185118", "text": "a star other than the Sun, by Friedrich Bessel in 1838. The star was 61 Cygni, and he used a heliometer designed by Joseph von Fraunhofer. The largest unit for expressing distances across space at that time was the astronomical unit, equal to the radius of the Earth's orbit or In those terms, trigonometric calculations based on 61 Cygni's parallax of 0.314 arcseconds, showed the distance to the star to be astronomical units ( or ). Bessel added that light employs 10.3 years to traverse this distance. He recognized that his readers would enjoy the mental picture of the approximate", "title": "Light-year" }, { "id": "390433", "score": "1.5175802", "text": "precise measurements, in 1975 the speed of light was known to be with a measurement uncertainty of 4 parts per billion. In 1983, the metre was redefined in the International System of Units (SI) as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/ of a second. The speed of light in vacuum is usually denoted by a lowercase , for \"constant\" or the Latin (meaning \"swiftness, celerity\"). In 1856, Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch had used for a different constant later shown to equal times the speed of light in vacuum. Historically, the symbol \"V\" was used as", "title": "Speed of light" }, { "id": "14780005", "score": "1.512947", "text": "the 633 nm line of the helium–neon laser, stabilized using molecular iodine. That same year, the 17th CGPM adopted the current definition of the metre, in terms of the 1975 conventional value for the speed of light: The concept of defining a unit of length in terms of a time received some comment, although it was similar to Wilkins' original proposal in 1668 to define the universal unit of length in terms of the seconds pendulum. In both cases, the practical issue is that time can be measured more accurately than length (one part in 10 for a second using", "title": "History of the metre" }, { "id": "16380889", "score": "1.4953942", "text": "was insufficient data on the reliability of measurement units because errors had been made in the standards based on the circumference of the earth. The Dutch Minister of the Interior had requested the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen in 1851 to come up with a new standard for both length and weight. Inspired by this discussion and a publication by the Swedish scientist Anders Ångström in 1855, Van der Willigen decided to dedicate himself first to the determination of the refractive index and the wavelength of light, in order to be able to more accurately define the unit of length.", "title": "Volkert Simon Maarten van der Willigen" }, { "id": "250973", "score": "1.4909532", "text": "Christopher Wren. Christiaan Huygens had observed that length to be 38 Rijnland inches or 39.26 English inches; that is, 997mm. No official action was taken regarding these suggestions. In 1670 Gabriel Mouton, Bishop of Lyon, also suggested a universal length standard with decimal multiples and divisions, to be based on a one-minute angle of the Earth's meridian arc or (as the Earth's circumference was not easy to measure) on a pendulum with a two-second period. In 1675, the Italian scientist Tito Livio Burattini, in his work ', used the phrase ' (\"universal measure\"), derived from the Greek (\"métron katholikón\"), to", "title": "Metre" }, { "id": "813073", "score": "1.4896396", "text": "Millimetre The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Therefore, there are one thousand millimetres in a metre. There are ten millimetres in a centimetre. One millimetre is equal to micrometres or nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly (approximately 0.039370) of an inch. Since 1983, the metre has been defined as \"the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum", "title": "Millimetre" }, { "id": "506226", "score": "1.4861202", "text": "Picometre The picometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: pm) or picometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to , or one trillionth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. The picometre is one thousandth of a nanometre, one millionth of a micrometre (also known as a micron), and used to be called micromicron, stigma, or bicron. The symbol µµ was once used for it. It is also one hundredth of an Ångström, an internationally recognised (but non-SI) unit of length. The", "title": "Picometre" }, { "id": "361823", "score": "1.481559", "text": "but also on precise definition of those constants. The set of underlying constants is modified as more stable constants are found, or may be more precisely measured. For example, in 1983 the metre was redefined as the distance that light propagates in vacuum in a given fraction of a second, thus making the value of the speed of light in terms of the defined units exact. The motivation for the development of the SI was the diversity of units that had sprung up within the centimetre–gram–second (CGS) systems (specifically the inconsistency between the systems of electrostatic units and electromagnetic units)", "title": "International System of Units" }, { "id": "3316168", "score": "1.4791493", "text": "Planck length In physics, the Planck length, denoted , is a unit of length that is the distance light travels in one unit of Planck time. It is equal to meters. It is a base unit in the system of Planck units, developed by physicist Max Planck. The Planck length can be defined from three fundamental physical constants: the speed of light in a vacuum, the Planck constant, and the gravitational constant. The Planck length is defined as: Solving the above will show the approximate equivalent value of this unit with respect to the meter: formula_2 where formula_3 is the", "title": "Planck length" }, { "id": "12874", "score": "1.4698133", "text": "first astronomers to have access to an accurate and reliable value for the radius of Earth, which had been measured by their colleague Jean Picard in 1669 as thousand \"toises\". Another colleague, Ole Rømer, discovered the finite speed of light in 1676: the speed was so great that it was usually quoted as the time required for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth, or \"light time per unit distance\", a convention that is still followed by astronomers today. A better method for observing Venus transits was devised by James Gregory and published in his \"Optica Promata\" (1663).", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "id": "12862", "score": "1.4687299", "text": "general relativity was proposed, and \"vigorous debate\" ensued until August 2012 when the IAU adopted the current definition of 1 astronomical unit = metres. The astronomical unit is typically used for stellar system scale distances, such as the size of a protostellar disk or the heliocentric distance of an asteroid, whereas other units are used for other distances in astronomy. The astronomical unit is too small to be convenient for interstellar distances, where the parsec and light-year are widely used. The parsec (parallax arcsecond) is defined in terms of the astronomical unit, being the distance of an object with a", "title": "Astronomical unit" }, { "id": "813074", "score": "1.4687103", "text": "during a time interval of of a second\". A millimetre, of a metre, is therefore the distance travelled by light in of a second. A common shortening of millimetre in spoken English is \"mil\". This can cause confusion since in the United States, \"mil\" traditionally means a thousandth of an inch. For the purposes of compatibility with Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) characters, Unicode has symbols for: In Japanese typography, these square symbols were historically used for laying out unit symbols without distorting the grid layout of text characters. On a metric ruler, the smallest measurements are normally millimetres. High-quality", "title": "Millimetre" }, { "id": "390470", "score": "1.466227", "text": "with their product equalling \"c\". In 1983 the metre was defined as \"the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of a second\", fixing the value of the speed of light at by definition, as described below. Consequently, accurate measurements of the speed of light yield an accurate realization of the metre rather than an accurate value of \"c\". Outer space is a convenient setting for measuring the speed of light because of its large scale and nearly perfect vacuum. Typically, one measures the time needed for light to traverse some reference distance", "title": "Speed of light" }, { "id": "277844", "score": "1.4632792", "text": "calling a \"hundred\", would have been the mass of a cubic standard of distilled rainwater. The names that he proposed for decimal multiples and subunits of his base units of measure were the names of units of measure that were in use at the time. In 1670, Gabriel Mouton published a proposal that was in essence similar to Wilkins' proposal, except that his base unit of length would have been 1/1000 of a minute of arc (about 1.852 m) of geographical latitude. He proposed calling this unit the virga. Rather than using different names for each unit of length, he", "title": "Metrication" } ]

[ "phû tô gâ", "portugalsko", "republica portuguesa", "republic of portugal", "bo dao nha", "Portunga", "o papagaio", "Potiti", "Republica Portuguesa", "Portugalio", "Portugalska", "república portuguesa", "Portugale", "Portugaleje", "portugaul", "Portugal", "portekîz", "portegal", "Phû-tô-gâ", "Portuguese Republic", "pòtigal", "portugalija", "portugual", "portugalujo", "Portûnga", "portekiz", "portogallo", "An Phortaingéil", "Portegal", "bồ đào nha", "Portekîz", "Portugalujo", "Portugál", "portyngal", "Portugalija", "Portogallo", "iso 3166 1 pt", "potiti", "Portgual", "Phu-to-ga", "portogało", "portogalo", "portingale", "portúgal", "portugali", "Portogalo", "Portuga", "portugaleje", "portugall", "portugál", "Potigal", "Portugalėjė", "Portugual", "portugul", "portiwgal", "Portogało", "An Phortaingeil", "portugalska", "Portugul", "ISO 3166-1:PT", "portuguese republic", "Portúgal", "Portugali", "Portyngal", "portugal", "Portugall", "O Papagaio", "Yn Phortiugal", "Portugaul", "pertual", "portugalėjė", "PORTUGAL", "Bo Dao Nha", "portugāle", "portunga", "Bồ Đào Nha", "Portugāle", "Portugalsko", "phortaingéil", "Pòtigal", "Portingale", "potigal", "yn phortiugal", "portugale", "Portiwgal", "Portekiz", "República Portuguesa", "portugalio", "phortaingeil", "Portugallu", "portûnga", "Republic of Portugal", "portugallu", "portuga", "phu to ga", "Pertual", "portgual" ]

[ { "id": "1478480", "score": "1.7065451", "text": "a certain traditional structure. In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a sentiment of resignation, fatefulness and melancholia. This is loosely captured by the Portuguese word \"saudade\", or \"longing\", symbolizing a feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent lifelong damage). This is similar to the character of several musical genres in Portuguese ex-colonies such as \"morna\" from Cape Verde, which may be historically linked to fado in its earlier form but has retained its rhythmic heritage.", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "12825769", "score": "1.6972549", "text": "fado (lit. fate), a usually dark and somber form of Portuguese music, they do not play it, at least not traditionally. Traditional fado faded during Portugal’s dictatorship in the 20th century, but it has made a comeback, by a generation that grew up on Pearl Jam and Nirvana, but who also rediscovered the recordings of their grandparents’ generation. This rediscovery, created a new wave of fado, sometimes called neofado, which includes artists such as Mariza, Dulce Pontes and Ana Moura, who respect the classics (e.g. the work of Amália Rodrigues), but have created their own versions, generally fusing other musical", "title": "Deolinda" }, { "id": "1478479", "score": "1.6970102", "text": "Fado Fado (; \"destiny, fate\") is a music genre that can be traced to the 1820s in Lisbon, Portugal, but probably has much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that \"the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today.\" Although the origins are difficult to trace, today fado is commonly regarded as simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "2369294", "score": "1.6917124", "text": "the other being Cante Alentejano. Regional folk music remains popular too, having been updated and modernized in many cases, especially in the northeastern region of Trás-os-Montes. Some more recent successful fado/folk-inspired acts include Madredeus and Deolinda, the later being part of a folk revival that has led to a newfound interest in this type of music. In popular music, there is a significant number of popular genres. These include rock, with popular acts including Xutos & Pontapés, The Gift (alternative rock), Fingertips (pop rock), Blasted Mechanism (experimental electro-rock) and Wraygunn (rock, blues). Also hip-hop, with acts such as Da Weasel,", "title": "Music of Portugal" }, { "id": "4293886", "score": "1.6867454", "text": "Sage Francis, Monty Are I, Draco and the Malfoys and Billy Gillman. The pop music producer and songwriter Dr. Luke was born in Westerly. Due to the large population of Portuguese immigrants in Southern New England, Portuguese traditional music is played in small communities. Usually Roman Catholic churches are the center of the communities activities, where music is played. Fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a characteristic sentiment of resignation, fatefulness and melancholia (loosely captured by the word saudade, or \"longing\").", "title": "Music of Rhode Island" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Fado\n\nFado (; \"destiny, fate\") is a music genre that can be traced to the 1820s in Lisbon, Portugal, but probably has much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that \"the only reliable information on the history of fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today.\"\n\nAlthough the origins are difficult to trace, today fado is commonly regarded as simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow a certain traditional structure. In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a sentiment of resignation, fate and melancholy. This is loosely captured by the Portuguese word \"saudade\", or longing, symbolizing a feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent lifelong damage). This is similar to the character of several musical genres in Portuguese ex-colonies such as morna from Cape Verde, which may be historically linked to fado in its earlier form and have retained its rhythmic heritage. This connection to the music of a historic Portuguese urban and maritime proletariat (sailors, bohemians, dock workers, port traders, fishwives and other working-class people) can also be found in Brazilian modinha and Indonesian kroncong, although all these music genres subsequently developed their own independent traditions.\n\nFamous singers of fado include Maria Teresa de Noronha, Alfredo Marceneiro, D. Vicente da Câmara, Frei Hermano da Câmara, Amália Rodrigues, Dulce Pontes, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Mafalda Arnauth, António Zambujo, Ana Moura, Camané, Helder Moutinho, Carminho, Mísia, Cristina Branco, Gisela João and Katia Guerreiro. On 27 November 2011, fado was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. It is one of two Portuguese music traditions part of the lists, the other being Cante Alentejano.", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Music of Portugal\n\nPortuguese music includes many different styles and genres, as a result of its history. These can be broadly divided into classical music, traditional/folk music and popular music and all of them have produced internationally successful acts, with the country seeing a recent expansion in musical styles, especially in popular music.\n\nIn traditional/folk music, fado had a significant impact, with Amália Rodrigues still the most recognizable Portuguese name in music, and with more recent acts, like Dulce Pontes and Mariza. The genre is one of two Portuguese music traditions in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, with the other being Cante Alentejano. Regional folk music remains popular too, having been updated and modernized in many cases, especially in the northeastern region of Trás-os-Montes. Some more recent successful fado/folk-inspired acts include Madredeus and Deolinda, the latter being part of a folk revival that has led to a newfound interest in this type of music.\nIn popular music, there is a significant number of popular genres. These include rock, with popular acts including Xutos & Pontapés, The Gift (alternative rock), Fingertips (pop rock), Blasted Mechanism (experimental electro-rock), Noctivagus (gothic rock) and Wraygunn (rock, blues). Also hip-hop, with acts such as Boss AC, Da Weasel, Ithaka, Mind Da Gap and Sam the Kid. Acts such as Moonspell (metal) and Buraka Som Sistema (electro/kuduro/breakbeat) have had significant international success. Other popular modern genres in Portugal include dance, house, kizomba, pimba, pop, reggae, ska and zouk.", "title": "Music of Portugal" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of music genres and styles\n\nThis is a list of music genres and styles. Music can be described in terms of many genres and styles. Classifications are often arbitrary, and may be disputed and closely related forms often overlap. Larger genres and styles comprise more specific sub-categories.\n\n", "title": "List of music genres and styles" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mariza\n\nMarisa dos Reis Nunes (born 16 December 1973), known professionally as Mariza (), is a Portuguese fado singer.\n\nMariza was born in Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique, to a Portuguese father, José Brandão Nunes, and a Mozambican mother, Isabel Nunes. When she was three years old, her family moved to Metropolitan Portugal, and she was raised in Lisbon's historic quarters of Mouraria and Alfama. While very young she began singing in a wide variety of musical styles, including gospel, soul and jazz. Her father strongly encouraged her to adopt fado; he felt that participating in the traditional music would grant her greater acceptance in the Portuguese community. Mariza has sold over 1 million records worldwide.", "title": "Mariza" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Madredeus\n\nMadredeus () are a Portuguese musical ensemble formed in 1985, in Lisbon. Their music combines traditional Portuguese music, fado and folk music. \n\nMadredeus are one of the most successful music groups from Portugal, having sold over 3 million albums worldwide.", "title": "Madredeus" }, { "id": "1478481", "score": "1.6742094", "text": "This connection to the music of a historic Portuguese urban and maritime proletariat (sailors, dock workers, port traders and other working-class people in general) can also be found in Brazilian \"modinha\" and Indonesian \"kroncong\", although all these music genres subsequently developed their own independent traditions. Famous singers of fado include Amália Rodrigues, Dulce Pontes, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Mafalda Arnauth, António Zambujo, Ana Moura, Camané, Helder Moutinho, Carminho, Mísia, Cristina Branco, Gisela João and Katia Guerreiro. On 27 November 2011, fado was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. It is one of two Portuguese music traditions part of", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "1478483", "score": "1.6727757", "text": "term \"fadista\". Fado appeared during the early 19th century in Lisbon, and is believed to have its origins in the port districts such as Alfama, Mouraria and Bairro Alto. There are numerous theories about the origin of fado. Some trace its origins or influences to the Medieval \"cantigas de amigo\" (friends songs) and some ancient Moorish influence, but none is conclusive. It possibly evolved and formed, from a mixture of several older musical genres. Fado performers in the middle of the 19th century were mainly from urban working-class namely sailors, bohemians, courtesans, who not only sang, but also danced and", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "1478485", "score": "1.6612734", "text": "a traditional feature of this genre. A particular stylistic trait of fado is the use of rubato, where the music pauses at the end of a phrase and the singer holds the note for dramatic effect. The music uses double time rhythm and triple time (waltz style). There are two main varieties of fado, namely those of the cities of Lisbon and Coimbra. The Lisbon style is more well known - alongside the status of Amália Rodrigues, while that of Coimbra is traditionally linked to the city's University and its style is linked to the medieval serenading troubadours. Modern fado", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "309484", "score": "1.6260766", "text": "tambourines, accordions and small guitars (\"cavaquinho\"). Apart Portuguese folk music other renowned genre is Fado, a melancholic urban music originated in Lisbon in the 19th century, probably inside bohemian environments, usually associated with the Portuguese guitar and \"saudade\", or longing. Coimbra fado, a unique type of \"troubadour serenading\" fado, is also noteworthy. Internationally notable performers include Amália Rodrigues, Carlos Paredes, José Afonso, Mariza, Carlos do Carmo, António Chainho, Mísia, Dulce Pontes and Madredeus. In the classical music domain, Portugal is represented by names as the pianists Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa, the violinists Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and", "title": "Portugal" }, { "id": "2866445", "score": "1.6238668", "text": "love, the sense of sadness and longing for someone who has gone away, misfortune, the ups and downs of life, the sea, the life of sailors and fishermen, and last but not least \"Saudade\" (one of the main themes used in fado, that means a kind of longing). Fado is probably the oldest urban folk music in the world and represents the heart of the Portuguese soul, and for that matter fado performance is not successful if an audience is not moved to tears. Portugal has been an important centre of practice and production of music over the centuries, as", "title": "Culture of Portugal" }, { "id": "2866444", "score": "1.6219645", "text": "Lisbon style is the most popular, while Coimbra's is the more refined style. Modern fado is popular in Portugal, and has produced many renowned musicians. According to tradition, to applaud fado in Lisbon you clap your hands, in Coimbra you cough as if clearing your throat. Mainstream fado performances during the 20th century included only a singer, a Portuguese guitar player and a classical guitar player but more recent settings range from singer and string quartet to full orchestra. The ingredients of Fado are a shawl, a guitar, a voice and heartfelt emotion. Themes include: destiny, deep-seated feelings, disappointments in", "title": "Culture of Portugal" }, { "id": "3542681", "score": "1.6216491", "text": "Coimbra Fado Coimbra Fado (Portuguese: \"Fado de Coimbra\") is a genre of fado originating in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. While adopted by students at the University of Coimbra, and sometimes known as Student Fado (\"Fado de Estudante\"), it is usually considered the typical music of Coimbra itself. Developed from the Iberian lyric style of trovadorismo popular during the Middle Ages, the genre shares additional roots with Occitan troubadors. Performed with the traditional \"Guitarra de Coimbra\" (a kind of Portuguese guitar originating in Coimbra), a modified version of Lisbon's fado guitar allegedly created by Artur Paredes, it is usually accompanied", "title": "Coimbra Fado" }, { "id": "13188420", "score": "1.613789", "text": "(which traditionally involve just a singer and a guitarist) with dance and encompasses other nationalities of Portugal’s former colonies and idioms (such as hip hop, flamenco and reggae). The soundtrack for the film includes several songs that were included in the film: Fados (film) Using Lisbon as its iconic backdrop, the film explores the intricate relationship between the music and the city, and Fado's evolution over the years from its African and Brazilian origins up to the new wave of modern Fadistas. Under the musical supervision of Carlos do Carmo, \"Fados\" completed Saura's musical trilogy form with \"Flamenco\" (1995) and", "title": "Fados (film)" }, { "id": "1478486", "score": "1.6118243", "text": "is popular in Portugal, and has produced many renowned musicians. According to tradition, to applaud fado in Lisbon you clap your hands, while in Coimbra one coughs as if clearing one's throat. This fado is closely linked to the academic traditions of the University of Coimbra and is exclusively sung by men; both the singers and musicians wear the academic outfit (traje académico): dark robe, cape and leggings. Dating to the troubadour tradition of medieval times, it is sung at night, almost in the dark, in city squares or streets. The most typical venues are the stairsteps of the Santa", "title": "Fado" }, { "id": "2369300", "score": "1.6034138", "text": "related form are the guitarradas of the 1920s and 30s, best known for Dr. Antonio Menano and a group of virtuoso musicians he formed, including Artur Paredes and José Joaquim Cavalheiro. Student fado, performed by students at Coimbra University, have maintained a tradition since it was pioneered in the 1890s by Augusto Hilário. Starting in 1939 with the career of Amália Rodrigues, fado was an internationally popular genre. A singer and film actress, Rodrigues made numerous stylistic innovations that have made her probably the most influential fadista of all time. A new generation of young musicians have contributed to the", "title": "Music of Portugal" }, { "id": "15678338", "score": "1.5939903", "text": "Dulce Pontes. And a new wave of Fado singers re-emerge in a revival fashion, surging into the “plaza”, making Fado the most popular kind of music in Portugal. This wave started with Mariza, which became the diva of Fado, since the death of Amália Rodrigues, beating Dulce Pontes by far. Gonçalo Salgueiro, Ana Moura, Kátia Guerreiro, among others, followed their steps. In 2004, Rock in Rio Lisbon happens for the first time, catapulting Portugal to top place in worldwide music. Around this time, the hip hop generation was taking over the worldwide market, and Portugal was no exception, becoming one", "title": "Portuguese contemporary art" }, { "id": "2458010", "score": "1.5914546", "text": "Mexican folk music forming what we now know as Tejano music. \"See: Music of Portugal\" In the United States there are Portuguese American singers and bands known such as Jorge Ferreira, Arlindo Andrade, Marc Dennis, Jack Sebastião (R.I.P.), Nélia, Sergio Royal, Mauricio Morais, Alcides Machado, Chico Avila, Luis Fontes Sousa José Norberto, Ana Lisa, Nelson, Michelle Romeiro, José Lobo, Jorge Pereira and Eratoxica. also perform world music, rock, dance or pimba music. Fado is also popular in the U.S., and there, Ramana Vieira is one of the representers of this music genre. Portuguese American musicians are usually based in New", "title": "Music of immigrant communities in the United States" }, { "id": "12825770", "score": "1.5898106", "text": "styles and/or using electrified instruments. Deolinda’s work also integrates other musical styles, including pop, folks and blues, but they do use only acoustic instruments. Their work is even more distinct in that it is musically more whimsical and playful, sometimes called \"happy fado\" and even when serious, is never brooding. Their lyrics are elliptical and ironic, generally dealing with social interactions and human frailties, often with humor. Their work is an indirect form of protest music, which has its roots in the \"música de intervenção\" tradition of Portuguese folk musicians, before the 1974 Carnation Revolution, which ended five decades of", "title": "Deolinda" }, { "id": "2369299", "score": "1.5893179", "text": "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. It is claimed that fado origins are older, going back to the 15th century, when women cried with longing for their husbands that sailed to the never ending seas. In Late in the 19th century, the city of Coimbra developed a distinctive scene. Coimbra, a literary capital for the country, is now known for being more refined and majestic. The sound has been described as \"the song of those who retain and cherish their illusions, not of those who have irretrievably lost them\" by Rodney Gallop in 1936. A", "title": "Music of Portugal" }, { "id": "2369298", "score": "1.5889995", "text": "organists such as António Carreira and Manuel Rodrigues Coelho; singers Luísa Todi, Elisabete Matos and José Carlos Xavier; pianists Maria João Pires and Sequeira Costa; violinists Elmar Oliveira and Carlos Damas; and cellists such as Guilhermina Suggia. Fado (\"fate\" in Portuguese) is a musical style, which arose in Lisbon as the music of the urban poor. Fado songs are typically lyrically harsh, accompanied by a wire-strung acoustic guitar or the Portuguese Guitar. It is usually sung by solo performers, with the singer resigned to sadness, poverty and loneliness, but remaining dignified and firmly controlled. In 2011, Fado was inscribed on", "title": "Music of Portugal" } ]

[ "Let it Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow (Jessica Simpson single)", "Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow", "Let it snow", "let it snow let it snow let it snow", "Let it Snow, Let it Snow, Let it Snow (Jessica Simpson single)", "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!", "Let it Snow", "Let It Snow", "let it snow", "let it snow let it snow let it snow jessica simpson single", "Let it Snow, Let it Snow, Let it Snow", "Let it Snow! Let it Snow! Let it Snow!", "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow", "Let It Snow! Let It Snoe! Let It Snow!", "Let It Snow!", "Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow (Jessica Simpson single)", "let it snow let it snoe let it snow" ]

[ { "id": "954272", "score": "1.5487016", "text": "Kamen previously used in \"Brazil\". Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 is playing during the party sequence near the film's beginning. As the film has a Christmas setting, the score also features sleigh bells in some cues, as well as the Christmas pop standard \"Winter Wonderland\". Two 1987 pop songs are used as source music: near the film's beginning, limousine driver Argyle plays the rap song \"Christmas in Hollis\", performed by Run–D.M.C., and later, while talking on the phone in the limousine, Argyle is listening to Stevie Wonder's \"Skeletons\". The end credits of the film begin with the Christmas song \"Let", "title": "Die Hard" }, { "id": "954274", "score": "1.536154", "text": "score that the production had purchased. The piece was part of the score composed by James Horner for the 1986 science fiction action film \"Aliens\". Similarly to \"Aliens\", the score by Michael Kamen was heavily edited, with music samples looped over and over and cues added to scenes. The most notable example is the \"brass blast\" heard when John slams the chair at the window as he confronts Marco, then Heinrich appears and he kills him, and later when Hans Gruber falls to his death. The score as heard in the film was released by Varèse Sarabande in February 2002,", "title": "Die Hard" }, { "id": "2266550", "score": "1.4726593", "text": "the dam). The film would end on a darkly comic note as Simon asks if anyone has a four gallon jug. This draft of the script was rejected early on, so it was never actually filmed. The rocket-launcher sequence was the only alternative ending to be filmed. Michael Kamen returned to score the third film, again incorporating other material into his score (most notably \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home\", not included on the soundtrack album), but excerpts from his score for \"Die Hard 2\" were tracked into the new film. The soundtrack was released by RCA Victor. In 2012, La-La", "title": "Die Hard with a Vengeance" }, { "id": "14433709", "score": "1.4697206", "text": "her 2011 single, \"Live For What I'd Die For\". The track also appeared in series 8, episode 2 of British comedy-drama \"Shameless\" in 2011. The main chord sequence of the song has been noted for its similarity to Radiohead's track, \"Reckoner\". The music video for \"End Credits\" was directed by Kim Gehrig, and features footage from \"Harry Brown\". The promotional CD single features alternate artwork to the official release, and instead portrays Michael Caine pointing a gun (likely at Plan B). The VIP version of the track was released through RAM Records in the UK as a double AA-side of", "title": "End Credits" }, { "id": "10615909", "score": "1.4689544", "text": "the end of the BBC Four 2011 documentary \"Public Enemy: Prophets Of Rage\" which was screened as the fourth episode of the channel's \"Black Music Legends Of The 1980s\" series. It also appeared in the trailer for the 2012 film \"\" and was also the only track to feature on which did not appear in the actual film. The song is also featured at the opening of the 2012 film \"End of Watch\". In the United Kingdom, it was used as the soundtrack in both the 90-second long trailer and as the theme tune to Channel 4's coverage of the", "title": "Harder Than You Think" }, { "id": "4984454", "score": "1.4620054", "text": "\"The Natural\" (1984), including the camera flashes, music and slow-motion. Homer sings The Doors song \"The End\" when he walks through the streets considering suicide. Homer plays a \"Where's Waldo?\" game on the back of the cereal box he eats his breakfast from. While he is doing this, Waldo walks past the window behind him. After Homer bowls his perfect game, he pulls out a \"Before I Die I want To-\" list and checks off the item \"Bowl a Perfect Game\". Below that is listed \"See Stevie Nicks Naked\", which has been checked three times. Stevie Nicks is a singer", "title": "Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder" }, { "id": "5607543", "score": "1.4574893", "text": "\"\", \"Guitar Hero Live\", and \"Rocksmith 2014\", as well as the video games \"\", \"\" and \"Mafia III\". The song plays during the end credits of the films \"Full Metal Jacket\" and \"The Devil's Advocate\". In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series \"Tour of Duty\" and for the end credits to part five of \"The Vietnam War\" documentary series. It was featured in the \"\" and \"The Mummy\" trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their \"Black Out\" promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been", "title": "Paint It Black" }, { "id": "14313979", "score": "1.4516277", "text": "voices. Coincidentally, the two actors played brothers in the \"Die Hard\" series of films. Speaking at 200 words per minute and pausing for 1.2 seconds between sentences, Irons came very close to the ideal voice model, with the linguist Andrew Linn explaining why his \"deep gravelly tones\" inspired trust in listeners. He recited the spoken sections, most notably 'Late Lament', for The Moody Blues 50th Anniversary Tour of 'Days Of Future Passed', and also appears on the video presentation. In 1985, Irons directed a music video for Carly Simon and her heavily promoted single, \"Tired of Being Blonde\", and in", "title": "Jeremy Irons" }, { "id": "7204399", "score": "1.4458773", "text": "song's most notable appearance outside of the music industry would be its appearance in Oliver Stone's controversial film \"Natural Born Killers\", when Mickey breaks out of his prison cell in search of Mallory. The song made its live debut on March 8, 1992, in San Luis Obispo, California. The acoustic version of the song was only played live once. This was at the KROQ Acoustic Christmas on December 12, 1993. The lyrics, \"Hardline, hardline after hardline!\" are, on occasion, changed to \"Hardline after muthafuckin' hardline!\" as well as the line during the chorus, \"Burn! Burn, yes ya gonna burn!\" are", "title": "Bombtrack" }, { "id": "8525899", "score": "1.4436033", "text": "film \"Krull\" instead. Later, Peter and Cleveland, dressed up as Michael Jackson in the iconic red jacket of his video clip \"Thriller,\" dance to the \"Beverly Hills Cop\" theme. In order to make everything right about the future, Peter and Brian decide to sneak into the prom through a vent. While inside it, Peter recites a line from the 1988 action film \"Die Hard\". The sequence that follows is a parody of the 1985 film \"Back to the Future\". After crashing through the vent to the stage, the band begins playing \"Earth Angel\" by The Penguins, and, after Peter kisses", "title": "Meet the Quagmires" }, { "id": "4933496", "score": "1.4435898", "text": "2006. The title is based on New Hampshire's state motto, \"Live Free or Die\", which is attributed to a quote from General John Stark. International trailers use the \"Die Hard 4.0\" title, as the film was released outside North America with that title. Early into the film's DVD commentary, both Wiseman and Willis note a preference for the title \"Die Hard 4.0\". For the visual effects used throughout the film, actor Bruce Willis and director Len Wiseman stated that they wanted to use a limited amount of CGI. One VFX producer said that \"Len was insisting on the fact that,", "title": "Live Free or Die Hard" }, { "id": "954275", "score": "1.4405544", "text": "but was limited to 3000 copies. It was subsequently reissued by La-La Land Records in November 2011, in a two-disc limited edition of 3500 copies. In addition to the Kamen score, this release also includes the Monroe and Beethoven end credits pieces, Run-D.M.C.'s \"Christmas in Hollis,\" and the John Scott track from \"Man on Fire\". The film spawned four sequels: \"Die Hard 2\" (1990), \"Die Hard with a Vengeance\" (1995), \"Live Free or Die Hard\" (2007), and \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" (2013). In July 2007, Bruce Willis donated the undershirt worn in the film to the National Museum", "title": "Die Hard" }, { "id": "18371474", "score": "1.4360571", "text": "Fresh Kid Ice) also make a cameo. A remix by DJ Noodles appears in both the film \"Furious 7\" (during the Abu Dhabi party scene), and on its soundtrack. The track is also played in other films such as \"Hotel Transylvania 2,\" \"Deadpool\", and \"Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates.\" It also served as one of the theme songs of SummerSlam 2014. The track is also featured in the television shows \"Telenovela, Superstore\" and \"The Real O'Neals.\" G.D.F.R. (song) \"G.D.F.R.\" (abbreviation for Goin' Down for Real) is a song by American rappers Flo Rida and Sage the Gemini from Flo", "title": "G.D.F.R. (song)" }, { "id": "6680957", "score": "1.4351116", "text": "a \"District Attorneys convention on narcotics and dangerous drugs\". It also appears as the last song in the movie's G-rated trailer, mainly accompanying Duke's wild car ride to have Dr. Gonzo catch a plane in time, a scene where in the R-rated trailer and in the actual film, \"Viva Las Vegas\" by Dead Kennedys was used instead. The Three Dog Night version was also used in the 1997 films \"GI Jane\" (played over a montage of scenes showing Jordan O'Neill (Demi Moore) conditioning herself for the extreme physical demands of SEAL training) and \"Boogie Nights\". Also used in the movie", "title": "Mama Told Me Not to Come" }, { "id": "1910518", "score": "1.4322076", "text": "many rock songs. Because CBS always had an announcer talking over the closing credits, Wilson knew that no one would hear the closing theme lyrics. In one pop-cultural nod to the closing theme, a character performs the song in the film \"Ready to Rumble.\" The closing theme is also played at the end of the syndicated morning radio show \"The John Boy and Billy Big Show.\" The show's use of Blondie's \"Heart of Glass\" was widely credited with helping the song become a major U.S. hit, and the band's record label Chrysalis Records presented the producers with a gold record", "title": "WKRP in Cincinnati" }, { "id": "8166257", "score": "1.4295511", "text": "the song, I realized it was also about being born.\". The song ends with a quote attributed to Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca (Every new beginning comes from some other beginning's end). The music video was directed by Chris Applebaum. It features two continuous shots, running side by side on the screen. One side shows the band playing the song in a rehearsal space. The other side features a woman (played by Denise Franco) as the singer Dan Wilson's girlfriend. As the video progresses, Dan and his girlfriend switch sides of screen, as they attempt to meet up. At the end", "title": "Closing Time (Semisonic song)" }, { "id": "16117022", "score": "1.4277365", "text": "theme that is perceived in lines such as \"Let me kiss you hard in the pouring rain, you like your girls insane.\" The original unreleased version of the song featured Del Rey singing \"Let me fuck you hard in the pouring rain\" instead of \"Let me kiss you hard in the pouring rain\"; this version is sung at most of her live shows. Laura Snapes of \"NME\" compared the background to \"melted chocolate waterslide, buffeted by impeccable production\", with the John Barry-esque \"whipping strings\" being noted as similar to the music scores of \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939) and \"Western\"", "title": "Born to Die (song)" }, { "id": "12266804", "score": "1.4275745", "text": "An instrumental version of the song was also used in a Coca-Cola commercial, as Coca-Cola Zero was used to promote the film; however, White subsequently announced that he had not approved of the song being licensed for this use. Roughly the first two minutes of the song were first played on September 13, 2008 on the radio show \"Siglo 21\" on Radio 3 in Spain. The song premiered on British radio on September 18, 2008 on BBC Radio 1's \"The Jo Whiley Show\". \"Newsbeat\" described the reaction from listeners who e-mailed their opinions as mixed. On October 3, 2008 the", "title": "Another Way to Die" }, { "id": "10404672", "score": "1.4196904", "text": "\"Devised by Geoff McQueen\" then appeared over a hold shot of the light, and then the episode would begin. The 1988 titles removed the filter effect, and were updated to reflect cast changes. The first rework of the theme tune, \"Overkill\", debuted in 1988. It also introduced another trademark to the titles: Sergeant Bob Cryer was always the last person to be shown. In this title sequence, he is talking and nodding. The 1991 sequence differs as it does not actually feature the area car driving towards the camera, and simply begins with the police light spinning before cutting through", "title": "The Bill title sequences" }, { "id": "7394285", "score": "1.4195144", "text": "of the charts in several countries, including Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom. In the latter country, \"Hard Knock Life\" saw its biggest success, entering and peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart in December 1998, stalling behind Britain's biggest-selling single of 1998, \"Believe\" by Cher, during its seventh consecutive week at the summit of the chart. The song was parodied by Mike Myers as his character Dr. Evil in the 2002 movie \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\". Comedy rap trio Sudden Death parodied the song on their album \"Die Laughing\" (2005), titled \"Star Trek Life\". Hard Knock Life", "title": "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)" } ]

[ "Butler", "Butler (domestic servant)", "Bouteiller", "under butler", "Butler (servant)", "Underbutler", "chief butler", "Buttler", "butler servant", "head of household staff", "butler domestic worker", "Butlers", "bouteiller", "butlers", "underbutler", "guild of professional english butlers", "Butler administrator", "butler domestic servant", "Under-butler", "Butler (domestic worker)", "international institute of modern butlers", "butler", "Guild of Professional English Butlers", "Head of household staff", "buttler", "Chief Butler", "International Institute of Modern Butlers", "butler administrator" ]

[ { "id": "3501535", "score": "1.7488437", "text": "the more modern \"wine cellar\", the \"buttery\" or \"pantry\" (from French \"pan\" from Latin \"panis\", bread) as it came to be called, which supplied bread, butter, cheese, and other basic provisions, and the \"ewery\", which contained napkins and basins for washing and shaving. In the very grandest households there was sometimes an Estate Steward or other senior steward who oversaw the butler and his duties. \"Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management\", a manual published in Britain in 1861, reported: The number of the male domestics in a family varies according to the wealth and position of the master, from the", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "3501538", "score": "1.5821881", "text": "butler was in charge of the dining room, the wine cellar, pantry, and sometimes the entire main floor. Directly under the butler was the \"first footman\" (or \"head footman\"), although there could also be a \"deputy butler\" or \"under-butler\" who would fill in as butler during the butler's illness or absence. The \"footman\"—there were frequently numerous young men in the role within a household—performed a range of duties including serving meals, attending doors, carrying or moving heavy items, and they often doubled as \"valets\". Valets themselves performed a variety of personal duties for their employer. Butlers engaged and directed all", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "4415056", "score": "1.5691345", "text": "food, the maintenance of the kitchen and for keeping accounts with local merchants. The holder of the position reports directly to the lady of the house or sometimes to the housekeeper. The cook supervises all kitchen staff. In large households, especially at a noble or royal court, this comprises an elaborate hierarchy, at the bottom of which come the kitchen boys (who, despite the name, were not always minors), in the largest households even further subdivided, perhaps the lowliest position being that of spitboy or turnbrooch, who had to remain close to the hot fire to turn the roasting meat;", "title": "Cook (domestic worker)" }, { "id": "3501528", "score": "1.554843", "text": "has the highest servant status. He can also sometimes function as a chauffeur. In older houses where the butler is the most senior worker, titles such as \"majordomo\", \"butler administrator\", \"house manager\", \"manservant\", \"staff manager\", \"chief of staff\", \"staff captain\", \"estate manager\" and \"head of household staff\" are sometimes given. The precise duties of the employee will vary to some extent in line with the title given, but perhaps, more importantly in line with the requirements of the individual employer. In the grandest homes or when the employer owns more than one residence, there is sometimes an estate manager of", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "4425823", "score": "1.5542694", "text": "in these cases the cook and butler reported directly to the lady of the house. In other households, particularly those of the very wealthy who maintain several residences, the housekeeper is the ultimate head of household staff and may hire and/or fire junior staff, subject to the approval of the lady of the house, and make recommendations for senior staff. In this case, the cook and butler report to the lady of the house through the housekeeper. In developed countries, fewer families can afford live-in help as they once did. Fewer hereditary grand households exist due to the World Wars,", "title": "Housekeeper (domestic worker)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Butler\n\nA butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance. A butler is usually male, and in charge of male servants, while a housekeeper is usually a woman, and in charge of female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants. The butler, as the senior male servant, has the highest servant status. He can also sometimes function as a chauffeur. \n\nIn older houses where the butler is the most senior worker, titles such as \"majordomo\", \"butler administrator\", \"house manager\", \"manservant\", \"staff manager\", \"chief of staff\", \"staff captain\", \"estate manager\", and \"head of household staff\" are sometimes given. The precise duties of the employee will vary to some extent in line with the title given, but perhaps, more importantly in line with the requirements of the individual employer. In the grandest homes or when the employer owns more than one residence, there is sometimes an estate manager of higher rank than the butler. The butler can also be assisted by a head footman or footboy called the under-butler.", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Great house\n\nA great house is a large house or mansion with luxurious appointments and great retinues of indoor and outdoor staff. The term is used mainly historically, especially of properties at the turn of the 20th century, i.e., the late Victorian or Edwardian era in the United Kingdom and the Gilded Age in the United States.", "title": "Great house" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Domestic worker\n\nA domestic worker or domestic servant is a person who works within the scope of a residence. The term \"domestic service\" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be \"in service\".<ref>\n</ref> Domestic workers perform a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly dependents, and other household errands.\n\nSome domestic workers live within their employer's household. In some cases, the contribution and skill of servants whose work encompassed complex management tasks in large households have been highly valued. However, for the most part, domestic work tends to be demanding and is commonly considered to be undervalued, despite often being necessary. Although legislation protecting domestic workers is in place in many countries, it is often not extensively enforced. In many jurisdictions, domestic work is poorly regulated and domestic workers are subject to serious abuses, including slavery.\n\n\"Servant\" is an older English word for \"domestic worker\", though not all servants worked inside the home. Domestic service, or the employment of people for wages in their employer's residence, was sometimes simply called \"service\" and has often been part of a hierarchical system. In Britain a highly developed system of domestic service peaked towards the close of the Victorian era, perhaps reaching its most complicated and rigidly structured state during the Edwardian period (a period known in the United States as the Gilded Age and in France as the Belle Époque), which reflected the limited social mobility before World War I.", "title": "Domestic worker" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Hearst Castle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "French cuisine\n\nFrench cuisine () is the cooking traditions and practices from France. It has been influenced over the centuries by the many surrounding cultures of Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Belgium, in addition to the food traditions of the regions and colonies of France.\n\nIn the 14th century, Guillaume Tirel, a court chef known as \"Taillevent\", wrote \"Le Viandier\", one of the earliest recipe collections of medieval France. In the 17th century, chefs François Pierre La Varenne and Marie-Antoine Carême spearheaded movements that shifted French cooking away from its foreign influences and developed France's own indigenous style.\n\nCheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine. They play different roles regionally and nationally, with many variations and \"appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC) (regulated appellation) laws.\n\nCulinary tourism and the \"Guide Michelin\" helped to acquaint commoners with the \"cuisine bourgeoise\" of the urban elites and the peasant cuisine of the French countryside starting in the 20th century. Many dishes that were once regional have proliferated in variations across the country.\n\nKnowledge of French cooking has contributed significantly to Western cuisines. Its criteria are used widely in Western cookery school boards and culinary education. In November 2010, French gastronomy was added by the UNESCO to its lists of the world's \"intangible cultural heritage\".", "title": "French cuisine" }, { "id": "3501527", "score": "1.551702", "text": "Butler A butler is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance. A butler is usually male, and in charge of male servants, while a housekeeper is usually a woman, and in charge of female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants. The butler, as the senior male servant,", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "4639678", "score": "1.5323199", "text": "in the rooms occupied by the employer). In Victorian England, the strict rules of precedence were mirrored by the domestic staff in grand or formal homes in the seating arrangements of the Servants' Hall. A senior servant such as the lady's maid took the place of honour but would have to \"go lower\" (i.e. take a place further down the table) if the employer of a visiting servant outranked the mistress of the house. Servants' hall The servants' hall is a common room for domestic workers in a great house. The term usually refers to the servants' dining room. If", "title": "Servants' hall" }, { "id": "11470104", "score": "1.5279746", "text": "relatives, or his retainers. The presence of servants of noble birth imposed a social hierarchy on the household that went parallel to the hierarchy dictated by function. This second hierarchy had at its top the steward (alternatively \"seneschal\" or \"majordomo\"), who had the overriding responsibility for the domestic affairs of the household. Taking care of the personal wellbeing of the lord and his family were the Chamberlain, who was responsible for the chamber or private living-quarters, and the Master of the Wardrobe, who had the main responsibility for clothing and other domestic items. Of roughly equal authority as the steward", "title": "Medieval household" }, { "id": "5381168", "score": "1.5173637", "text": "Grand Panetier of France The Grand Panetier of France (roughly \"Great Breadmaster\", sometimes rendered as Panter) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, a member of the Maison du Roi (\"King's Household\"), one of the Great Offices of the Maison du Roi, and functional chief of the \"(grande) paneterie\" (the root of the English word pantry) or bread department. Originally the paneterie (known since the 11th century) one of the two sections of the \"gobelet du roi\" ('King's drinking-cup) with a staff of 12 sommeliers, four aides, one \"garde-vaiselle\" (for the dirty dishes), two porte(u)rs and", "title": "Grand Panetier of France" }, { "id": "11470106", "score": "1.5159256", "text": "way of regularising their position within the household. One of the most important functions of the medieval household was the procuration, storage and preparation of food. This consisted both in feeding the occupants of the residence on a daily basis, and in preparing larger feasts for guests, to maintain the status of the lord. The kitchen was divided into a pantry (for bread, cheese and napery) and a buttery (for wine, ale and beer). These offices were headed by a pantler and a butler respectively. Depending on the size and wealth of the household, these offices would then be subdivided", "title": "Medieval household" }, { "id": "3501539", "score": "1.5144259", "text": "these junior staff and each reported directly to him. The \"housekeeper\" was in charge of the house as a whole and its appearance. In a household without an official head housekeeper, female servants and kitchen staff were also directly under the butler's management, while in smaller households, the butler usually doubled as valet. Employers and their children and guests addressed the butler (and under-butler, if there was one) by last name alone; fellow servants, retainers, and tradespersons as \"Mr. [Surname]\". Butlers were typically hired by the master of the house but usually reported to its lady. Beeton in her manual", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "13457229", "score": "1.510102", "text": "despotou\") and of the \"Augusta\" (, \"pinkernēs tēs Augoustēs\") are listed among the eunuchs of the palace staff. As the name suggests, the principal charge of the \"pinkernēs\" was the pouring of wine for the emperor; he accompanied the emperor, bearing a goblet suspended on a chain, which he gave to the emperor when the latter wanted to drink. His position at court was not very high, but he had an extensive staff, the παροινοχόοι (\"paroinochoi\", \"assistant wine-pourers\"). The post was imitated in the staff of the Patriarch of Constantinople and in the households of great magnates. The spouse of", "title": "Pinkernes" }, { "id": "5093767", "score": "1.4907284", "text": "century to show the status of women in a household. The woman with the keys to all the many desks, chest of drawers, food hampers, pantries, storage containers, and many other locked cabinets was \"the woman of the household\". As such, she was the one who would direct the servants, housemaids, cooks and delivery servicemen and would open or lock the access to the valuables of the house, possessing total authority over who had access to what. Frequently, this hostess was the senior woman of the house. When a woman married and moved into her father-in-law's house, her husband's mother", "title": "Chatelaine (chain)" }, { "id": "4412512", "score": "1.4841858", "text": "residence, there may be a steward (or the modern equivalent, an estate manager) who oversees direction of the entire establishment. Today, it is not uncommon for a couple to split the duties of management between them. The head of the household is not the butler, but the house manager. An estate manager manages more than one property, and usually has financial and managerial background. Practices vary depending on the size of the household and the preference of the employers, but in general the staff is divided into departments run by the following staff: For the master of the house: For", "title": "Great house" }, { "id": "14574392", "score": "1.476907", "text": "richly decorated to reflect the higher status of its function. Later the monk butterer became the smartly suited \"butler\" that we know today, the household officer in charge of the buttery, and possibly also its provisioner (i.e., the sourcing and purchasing of wine). In the royal household the \"Marshal of the Buttery\" was often a post discharged under the feudal land tenure of grand serjeanty. In less important households such an officer was termed the yeoman of the buttery. Later, as household staff in the great houses became reduced, the butler also became required to personally serve wine to his", "title": "Buttery (room)" }, { "id": "8485541", "score": "1.4693458", "text": "had charge of the monastic church and of all things necessary for the services. He had, as a rule, several assistants: (3) The cellarer, or bursar, who acted as chief purveyor of all foodstuffs to the monastery and as general steward. In recent times the name procurator is often found used for this official. He had as assistants: (4) The refectorian, who had charge of the frater or refectory and its furniture, including such things as crockery, cloths, dishes, spoons, forks etc. (5) The kitchener, who presided over the cookery department, not only for the community but for all guests,", "title": "Obedientiaries" }, { "id": "3501560", "score": "1.4687431", "text": "was also acted with remarkable realism. A female butler, Sarah Stevens, is the principal character in Linda Howard's 2002 \"Dying to Please\", a murder/romance novel. Howard gives detailed and generally accurate descriptions of butlering in the work. Butler A butler is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance. A butler is usually male, and in charge of male", "title": "Butler" }, { "id": "11470105", "score": "1.4550847", "text": "was the marshal. This officer had the militarily vital responsibility for the stables and horses of the household (the \"marshalsea\"), and was also in charge of discipline. The marshal, and other higher-ranking servants, would have assistants helping them perform their tasks. These – called valets de chambre, grooms or pages, ranking from top to bottom in that order – were most often young boys, although in the larger royal courts the valet de chambres included both young noble courtiers, and often artists, musicians and other specialists who might be of international repute. Assigning these the office of valet was a", "title": "Medieval household" }, { "id": "1966783", "score": "1.4482839", "text": "or is still undergoing training. Station-chef titles which are part of the brigade system include: Kitchen assistants are of two types, kitchen-hands and stewards/ kitchen porters. Kitchen-hands assist with basic food preparation tasks under the chef's direction. They carry out relatively unskilled tasks such as peeling potatoes and washing salad. Stewards/ kitchen porters are involved in the scullery, washing up and general cleaning duties. In a smaller kitchen, these duties may be incorporated. A \"communard\" is in charge of preparing the meal for the staff during a shift. This meal is often referred to as the staff or family meal.", "title": "Chef" }, { "id": "600618", "score": "1.4462079", "text": "was run by a chamberlain, while a treasurer took care of the estate's written records. Royal households took essentially the same form as baronial households, although on a much larger scale and the positions were more prestigious. An important role of the household servants was the preparation of food; the castle kitchens would have been a busy place when the castle was occupied, called on to provide large meals. Without the presence of a lord's household, usually because he was staying elsewhere, a castle would have been a quiet place with few residents, focused on maintaining the castle. As social", "title": "Castle" } ]

[ "Leos Jancek", "leos jancek" ]

[ { "id": "1207231", "score": "1.9848659", "text": "'Comedy performed together with music', since the music and the libretto aren't connected to each other\". Janáček's review apparently led to mutual dislike and later professional difficulties when Kovařovic, as director of the National Theatre in Prague, refused to stage Janáček's opera \"Jenůfa\". From the early 1890s, Janáček led the mainstream of folklorist activity in Moravia and Silesia, using a repertoire of folk songs and dances in orchestral and piano arrangements. Most of his achievements in this field were published in 1899–1901 though his interest in folklore would be lifelong. His compositional work was still influenced by the declamatory, dramatic", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "1207248", "score": "1.9534893", "text": "assimilation of the rhythm, pitch contour and inflections of normal Czech speech (Moravian dialect) helped create the very distinctive vocal melodies of his opera \"Jenůfa\" (1904), whose 1916 success in Prague was to be the turning point in his career. In \"Jenůfa\", Janáček developed and applied the concept of \"speech tunes\" to build a unique musical and dramatic style quite independent of \"Wagnerian\" dramatic method. He studied the circumstances in which \"speech tunes\" changed, the psychology and temperament of speakers and the coherence within speech, all of which helped render the dramatically truthful roles of his mature operas, and became", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "1207223", "score": "1.9128817", "text": "Leoš Janáček Leoš Janáček (, baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic folk music to create an original, modern musical style. Until 1895 he devoted himself mainly to folkloristic research. While his early musical output was influenced by contemporaries such as Antonín Dvořák, his later, mature works incorporate his earlier studies of national folk music in a modern, highly original synthesis, first evident in the opera \"Jenůfa\", which was premiered in 1904 in Brno. The success of \"Jenůfa\"", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "4185399", "score": "1.8817635", "text": "in the composer's original version, \"Jenůfa\"'s early popularity was due to a revised version by Karel Kovařovic, altering what was considered its eccentric style and orchestration. Thus altered, it was well-received, first in Prague, and particularly after its Vienna première also worldwide. More than 70 years passed before audiences again heard it in Janáček's original version. Janáček wrote an overture to the opera, but decided not to use it. It was partly based on a song called \"Žárlivec\" (\"The jealous man\"). It is now performed as a concert piece under the title \"Žárlivost\" (\"Jealousy\"), JW 6/10. The composer dedicated the", "title": "Jenůfa" }, { "id": "7193941", "score": "1.872647", "text": "to Leoš Janáček's \"Jenůfa\" for its premiere in Prague, and it was in his version that the opera was heard for many years. A recording of \"The Dogheads\", featuring Beno Blachut, exists. Karel Kovařovic Karel Kovařovic (Prague, 9 December 1862 Prague, 6 December 1920) was a Czech composer and conductor. From 1873 to 1879 he studied clarinet, harp and piano at the Prague Conservatory. He began his career as a harpist. In 1900 Kovařovic became the conductor of the national theatre in Prague, due mostly to the success of his opera \"The Dogheads\", after the novel of the same name", "title": "Karel Kovařovic" }, { "id": "4185398", "score": "1.85886", "text": "Jenůfa Jenůfa (Její pastorkyňa, \"Her Stepdaughter\" in Czech) is an opera in three acts by Leoš Janáček to a Czech libretto by the composer, based on the play \"Její pastorkyňa\" by Gabriela Preissová. It was first performed at the National Theatre, Brno on 21 January 1904. Composed between 1896 and 1902, it is among the first operas written in prose. The first of Janáček's operas in which his distinctive voice can clearly be heard, it is a grim story of infanticide and redemption. Like the playwright's original work, it is known for its unsentimental realism. While today it is heard", "title": "Jenůfa" }, { "id": "1207266", "score": "1.8269566", "text": "lifetime, Janáček reluctantly conceded to Karel Kovařovic's instrumental rearrangement of \"Jenůfa\", most noticeably in the finale, in which Kovařovic added a more 'festive' sound of trumpets and French horns, and doubled some instruments to support Janáček's \"poor\" instrumentation. The score of \"Jenůfa\" was later restored by Charles Mackerras, and is now performed according to Janáček's original intentions. Another important Czech musicologist, Zdeněk Nejedlý, a great admirer of Smetana and later a communist Minister of Culture, condemned Janáček as an author who could accumulate a lot of material, but was unable to do anything with it. He called Janáček's style \"unanimated\",", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "1207234", "score": "1.8260198", "text": "success, but Janáček felt this was no more than a provincial achievement. He aspired to recognition by the more influential Prague opera, but \"Jenůfa\" was refused there (twelve years passed before its first performance in Prague). Dejected and emotionally exhausted, Janáček went to Luhačovice spa to recover. There he met Kamila Urválková, whose love story supplied the theme for his next opera, \"Osud\" (\"Destiny\"). In 1905, Janáček attended a demonstration in support of a Czech university in Brno, where the violent death of František Pavlík, a young joiner, at the hands of the police inspired his piano sonata, \"1. X.", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "4189092", "score": "1.7953124", "text": "as \"Jenůfa\" and \"Káťa Kabanová\". In \"The Cunning Little Vixen\", the composer moved away from the more conversational style of previous and subsequent operas in favor of a more folk-like style, and wove into its fabric some of his most experimental opera concepts (ballet, mime, and orchestral interludes). Janáček based \"The Cunning Little Vixen\"s tonality on modes (similarly to much output during his last decade), expanding the music's harmonic range through the utilisation of the seventh and ninth chords. The composition makes frequent use of folk-influenced rhythms and \"sčasovka\" (personally-coined term for a short motif), while it has been noted", "title": "The Cunning Little Vixen" }, { "id": "6157879", "score": "1.7775545", "text": "to Prague on the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918, thereafter teaching at the conservatory and the university. In 1946 he was declared a National Composer. He died in Nový Vestec. Foerster produced numerous compositions. His music is not nationalistic in the sense of employing the idioms of Czech folk music. His work, words and music, is considered very subjective and personal, mystical and idealistic. Foerster's opera \"Eva\" is another example, like Leoš Janáček's \"Jenůfa\", of a libretto based on a play by Gabriela Preissová, though his treatment differs. His compositions include five symphonies (No. 1 in D minor;", "title": "Josef Bohuslav Foerster" }, { "id": "6522667", "score": "1.7732073", "text": "the popular male choral cycle \"O horách\" (\"Of mountains\") was a seminal work which established a Slovak national style. This was followed by his monumental cantata, \"The Psalm of the Sub-Carpathian Land\" (1938). Many folksong arrangements date from this period, which culminated in his opera \"Krútňava\" (\"The Whirlpool\", 1949). The success of Krútňava established modern Slovak opera, and drew international attention. From 1948 to 1960 Suchoň was professor and head of the Department of Music Education at the Teacher Training College in Bratislava. Works from this period include the \"Fantasies\" for Violin and Orchestra, \"Metamorphoses\" for piano, and the \"Symphonic", "title": "Eugen Suchoň" }, { "id": "1207258", "score": "1.7701648", "text": "audiences. He would also inspire later composers in his homeland, as well as music theorists, among them Jaroslav Volek, to place modal development alongside harmony of importance in music. The operas of his mature period, \"Jenůfa\" (1904), \"Káťa Kabanová\" (1921), \"The Cunning Little Vixen\" (1924), \"The Makropulos Affair\" (1926) and \"From the House of the Dead\" (after a novel by Dostoyevsky and premièred posthumously in 1930) are considered his finest works. The Australian conductor Sir Charles Mackerras became very closely associated with Janáček's operas. Janáček's chamber music, while not especially voluminous, includes works which are widely considered twentieth-century classics, particularly", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "4185407", "score": "1.7696013", "text": "wishes to spend the rest of his life with her. Notes Sources Jenůfa Jenůfa (Její pastorkyňa, \"Her Stepdaughter\" in Czech) is an opera in three acts by Leoš Janáček to a Czech libretto by the composer, based on the play \"Její pastorkyňa\" by Gabriela Preissová. It was first performed at the National Theatre, Brno on 21 January 1904. Composed between 1896 and 1902, it is among the first operas written in prose. The first of Janáček's operas in which his distinctive voice can clearly be heard, it is a grim story of infanticide and redemption. Like the playwright's original work,", "title": "Jenůfa" }, { "id": "1207233", "score": "1.7592673", "text": "In 1902, Janáček visited Russia twice. On the first occasion he took his daughter Olga to St. Petersburg, where she stayed to study Russian. Only three months later, he returned to St. Petersburg with his wife because Olga had become very ill. They took her back to Brno, but her health worsened. Janáček expressed his painful feelings for his daughter in a new work, his opera \"Jenůfa\", in which the suffering of his daughter had transfigured into Jenůfa's. When Olga died in February 1903, Janáček dedicated \"Jenůfa\" to her memory. The opera was performed in Brno in 1904, with reasonable", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "1207230", "score": "1.7309799", "text": "school, and held this post until 1919, when the school became the Brno Conservatory. In the mid-1880s, Janáček began composing more systematically. Among other works, he created the \"Four male-voice choruses\" (1886), dedicated to Antonín Dvořák, and his first opera, \"Šárka\" (1887–88). During this period he began to collect and study folk music, songs and dances. In the early months of 1887, he sharply criticized the comic opera \"The Bridegrooms\", by Czech composer Karel Kovařovic, in a \"Hudební listy\" journal review: \"Which melody stuck in your mind? Which motif? Is this dramatic opera? No, I would write on the poster:", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "6951396", "score": "1.7301733", "text": "Janáček’s \"Jenůfa\" at the top of his opera repertoire, Lovro von Matačić’s interest covered a huge span from Palestrina, Monteverdi and Henry Purcell, through Handel, Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven to Mussorgsky, Mahler, Janáček, Smetana, R. Strauss, Wagner, Verdi and others. He was especially dedicated to performing the work of Croatian composers. His first appearances with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in 1936 already included a suite from Krešimir Baranović’s ballet \"Gingerbread Heart\" and Jakov Gotovac’s \"Symphonic Kolo\". The programs of his subsequent international and Croatian performances also included the works of Josip Hatze, Blagoje Bersa, Božidar Širola, Božidar Kunc, Boris Papandopulo,", "title": "Lovro von Matačić" }, { "id": "15217790", "score": "1.7294011", "text": "also heard pieces by Janáček and Martinů conducted in wartime performances by the Czech émigré Vilém Tausky (1910- 2004). Having arrived in Prague, Mucha hoped to take lessons with Vitězslav Novák (1870-1949), a distinguished composer with a definite late-Romantic approach to music. This did not happen, but in her own music Mucha continued to seek to blend her personal romantic spirit with a more modern, mid-twentieth century sound. In this she shared a similarity with her Czech contemporaries Petr Eben (1929-2007) and Luboš Fišer (1935-1999). Selected works include: Geraldine Mucha Geraldine Thomson Mucha (5 July 1917 – 12 October 2012)", "title": "Geraldine Mucha" }, { "id": "1207237", "score": "1.7259417", "text": "dramatist and translator Max Brod. In the same year, \"Jenůfa\", revised by Kovařovic, was finally accepted by the National Theatre. Its performance in Prague in 1916 was a great success, and brought Janáček his first acclaim. He was 62. Following the Prague première, he began a relationship with singer Gabriela Horváthová, which led to his wife Zdenka's attempted suicide and their \"informal\" divorce. A year later (1917), he met Kamila Stösslová, a young married woman 38 years his junior, who was to inspire him for the remaining years of his life. He conducted an obsessive and (on his side at", "title": "Leoš Janáček" }, { "id": "7593022", "score": "1.7197119", "text": "(Johnny's Kingdom, based on a short story by Leo Tolstoy, 1934). His most significant orchestral music includes \"Symphony in A\" (1906), \"Impromptu\" (1912), \"Suite in c minor\" (1914), \"Symfonietta\" (1922), \"Léto\" (Summer, tone poem, 1927), and \"Křížova cesta\" (The Way of the Cross, orchestral variations, 1929). He also composed various works for chamber and choral ensembles. As was the case with his main musical influence, Gustav Mahler, his rigorous conducting schedule rarely allowed free time for composition, with the exception of the summers when the theater was not in season. Like his contemporaries, Vítězslav Novák, Josef Suk, and Otakar Zich,", "title": "Otakar Ostrčil" }, { "id": "1207244", "score": "1.7084079", "text": "to criticism, but a rapid decline in \"Beseda\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s performance quality led to his recall in 1882. His married life, settled and calm in its early years, became increasingly tense and difficult following the death of his daughter, Olga, in 1903. Years of effort in obscurity took their toll, and almost ended his ambitions as a composer: \"I was beaten down\", he wrote later, \"My own students gave me advice – how to compose, how to speak through the orchestra\". Success in 1916 – when Karel Kovařovic finally decided to perform \"Jenůfa\" in Prague – brought its own problems. Janáček grudgingly", "title": "Leoš Janáček" } ]

[ "richard devere", "TTMB", "To the Manor Born", "to manor born", "To The Manor Born", "ttmb", "Richard DeVere" ]

[ { "id": "1630428", "score": "1.8205175", "text": "on 15 June 2004. To the Manor Born To the Manor Born is a BBC television sitcom that first aired on BBC1 from 1979 to 1981. A special edition appeared in 2007. Starring Penelope Keith and Peter Bowles, the first 20 episodes and the 2007 special were written by Peter Spence, the creator, while the final episode in 1981 was written by Christopher Bond, the script associate. The title is a play on the phrase \"to the manner born,\" from Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" (\"Though I am a native here and to the manner born, it is a custom more honoured in", "title": "To the Manor Born" }, { "id": "1630396", "score": "1.7736658", "text": "To the Manor Born To the Manor Born is a BBC television sitcom that first aired on BBC1 from 1979 to 1981. A special edition appeared in 2007. Starring Penelope Keith and Peter Bowles, the first 20 episodes and the 2007 special were written by Peter Spence, the creator, while the final episode in 1981 was written by Christopher Bond, the script associate. The title is a play on the phrase \"to the manner born,\" from Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" (\"Though I am a native here and to the manner born, it is a custom more honoured in the breach than the", "title": "To the Manor Born" }, { "id": "1630406", "score": "1.7579734", "text": "Life\". Owing to prior commitments, Bowles turned down the role, but had he played Jerry, it is unlikely he would have been offered the part of Richard; as Bowles later said, \"There's no way I could have played Penelope Keith's screen husband in two separate sitcoms.\" However, in 1987 Bowles replaced Geoffrey Palmer as Keith's onscreen husband in the ITV sitcom \"Executive Stress\". The series also features many recurring characters, who are either estate workers or members of Audrey's social circle. Celia Imrie, who makes two appearances as Polly, later became known for her work with Victoria Wood, including a", "title": "To the Manor Born" }, { "id": "9458160", "score": "1.7212338", "text": "Media in the UK on 25 April 2016. Next of Kin (TV series) Next of Kin is a British sitcom that aired on BBC1 from 15 May 1995 to 20 February 1997. It starred Penelope Keith in her last regular sitcom role. The plot follows well-to-do couple Maggie and Andrew Prentice who are forced to abandon their dreams of early retirement after they reluctantly become guardians of their orphaned grandchildren, after the death of their estranged son. It was written by Gavin Petrie and Jan Etherington. It was announced in \"The Mirror\" newspaper in April 1997 that \"Next of Kin\"", "title": "Next of Kin (TV series)" }, { "id": "1391098", "score": "1.7182701", "text": "later starred opposite Penelope Keith in \"To the Manor Born\". Hannah Gordon was considered for the role of Barbara but ruled out, having recently played a similar role in the BBC sitcom \"My Wife Next Door\". Esmonde and Larbey chose Felicity Kendal and Penelope Keith after seeing them on stage together in \"The Norman Conquests\". Outdoor filming took place in the North London suburb of Northwood, although the series was set in Surbiton, southwest London. The producers searched extensively for a suitable pair of houses, eventually chancing on Kewferry Road, Northwood (Google street view , the Leadbetters' house to the", "title": "The Good Life (1975 TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "To the Manor Born\n\nTo the Manor Born is a BBC television sitcom that first aired on BBC1 from 1979 to 1981. A special one-off episode was produced in 2007. Starring Penelope Keith and Peter Bowles, the first 20 episodes and the 2007 special were written by Peter Spence, the creator, while the final episode in 1981 was written by script associate Christopher Bond. The title is a play on the phrase \"to the manner born,\" from Shakespeare's \"Hamlet\" (\"Though I am a native here and to the manner born, it is a custom more honoured in the breach than the observance\".)\n\nIn \"To the Manor Born\", Penelope Keith (who was best known for her role as Margo Leadbetter in the suburban sitcom \"The Good Life\"), plays upper-class Audrey fforbes-Hamilton. Upon the death of her husband, Audrey is forced to sell her vast country estate, Grantleigh Manor. However, she then moves into the estate's small, modest lodge house (where she can keep an eye on the estate's new owner) and manages to keep her butler and her much loved Rolls-Royce 20/25 car. The manor is bought by Richard DeVere (played by Peter Bowles), a nouveau riche millionaire supermarket owner originally from Czechoslovakia. DeVere and fforbes-Hamilton have a love-hate relationship which is eventually resolved in the final episode in 1981 when they marry. In the 2007 special, they celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary.\n\nThe programme proved popular and it received high audience figures for many of its episodes, especially the series 1 final episode, the most watched British television programme (excluding live events) of the 1970s.", "title": "To the Manor Born" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of To the Manor Born episodes\n\nThe following is a list of episodes for the British sitcom \"To the Manor Born\", that first aired on BBC1 from 30 September 1979 to 29 November 1981, and for a one-off special on 25 December 2007.\n\nEach episode from the original series is thirty minutes long. The episodes were not originally broadcast with episode titles, although many have unofficial working titles. The first series aired for seven episodes on Sundays at 8.45pm, the second series for six episodes on Sundays at 8.35pm and the seven-episode Series Three on Sundays at 7.15pm. The Christmas special aired at 8.00pm. All episodes aired on BBC1.\n\nSeveral episodes received high audience figures. In 1979, the last episode of the first series received 23.95 million viewers, the fourth-highest figures for any programme in the UK in the 1970s and the highest for a non-live event. The following year, 21.55 million people watched the series two finale, the fifth-highest viewing figure for the 1980s. The 1981 finale, when Audrey and Richard marry, received 17.80 million viewers. The 2007 Christmas Special was watched by 10.25 million viewers, and was the 6th most watched programme for that week.\n\n", "title": "List of To the Manor Born episodes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "British sitcom" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1979 in British television\n\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1979.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "1979 in British television" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Peter Bowles\n\nPeter Bowles (16 October 1936 – 17 March 2022) was an English television and stage actor. He gained prominence for television dramas such as \"Callan: A Magnum for Schneider\" and \"I, Claudius\". He is however, best remembered for his roles in sitcoms and television dramadies, including: \"Rumpole of the Bailey\", \"Only When I Laugh\", \"To the Manor Born\", \"The Bounder\", \"The Irish R.M.\", \"Lytton's Diary\", \"Executive Stress\" and \"Perfect Scoundrels\".", "title": "Peter Bowles" }, { "id": "1388655", "score": "1.7059673", "text": "win the 1976 Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance for the play \"Donkeys' Years\". She became a household name in the UK playing Margo Leadbetter in the sitcom \"The Good Life\" (1975–78), winning the 1977 BAFTA TV Award for Best Light Entertainment Performance. In 1978, she won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for \"The Norman Conquests\". She then starred as Audrey fforbes-Hamilton in the sitcom \"To the Manor Born\" (1979–81), a show that received audiences of more than 20 million. She went on to star in another six sitcoms, including \"Executive Stress\" (1986–88), \"No Job for a Lady\"", "title": "Penelope Keith" }, { "id": "1388660", "score": "1.6767074", "text": "Life\" during the day and perform on stage in the West End in the evening. Penelope Keith achieved popular fame in 1975 when the BBC sitcom \"The Good Life\" began. In the first episode, she was only heard and not seen in her role as Margo Leadbetter, but as the episodes and series went on, the scope of her role increased. In 1977, Keith won a BAFTA award for \"Best Comedy Performer\" for her role of Margo Leadbetter. From 1979–81, she played the lead role of Audrey fforbes-Hamilton in the TV series \"To the Manor Born\". Following \"To the Manor", "title": "Penelope Keith" }, { "id": "1391109", "score": "1.6521957", "text": "as well as Belgium and the Netherlands. After the success of \"The Good Life\", the four cast members who were little known beforehand were given their own \"vehicles\" commissioned by the then Head of Comedy and producer of \"The Good Life\", John Howard Davies. Keith starred alongside Peter Bowles in \"To the Manor Born\", which broadcast a year after \"The Good Life\" ended. Eddington joined Nigel Hawthorne and Derek Fowlds in \"Yes Minister\" and its sequel \"Yes Prime Minister\". Kendal, who had become something of a sex symbol, went on to join Elspet Gray in \"Solo\", and Jane Asher in", "title": "The Good Life (1975 TV series)" }, { "id": "2695005", "score": "1.6512321", "text": "successful than \"The Good Life\" was their sitcom for ITV \"Just Liz\" (1980) starring Sandra Payne. This was followed by \"Don't Rock The Boat\" (1982–83) which starred Nigel Davenport. After the short-lived \"Now And Then\" (ITV 1983) they returned to form with \"Ever Decreasing Circles\", which reunited the writers with Briers. Briers starred as Martin Bryce, an insecure and obsessive character whose need to be the leading light of local activities is undermined by the arrival of a talented and charming neighbour, Paul Ryman. The series also featured Penelope Wilton as Martin's long suffering wife Anne, and Peter Egan as", "title": "Esmonde and Larbey" }, { "id": "7810283", "score": "1.6390111", "text": "No Job for a Lady No Job for a Lady is a British sitcom that aired on ITV between 7 February 1990 and 10 February 1992. Starring Penelope Keith, it was written by Alex Shearer, and directed and produced by John Howard Davies. It was made by Thames Television for ITV. Note: In the four Series One episodes in which Nigel Humphreys appeared, he was credited as Nigel Humphries. \"No Job for a Lady\" revolved around Jean Price, the newly elected, somewhat rebellious Labour MP for an inner-city constituency, and her life in the House of Commons. She is married", "title": "No Job for a Lady" }, { "id": "9458141", "score": "1.6342591", "text": "Next of Kin (TV series) Next of Kin is a British sitcom that aired on BBC1 from 15 May 1995 to 20 February 1997. It starred Penelope Keith in her last regular sitcom role. The plot follows well-to-do couple Maggie and Andrew Prentice who are forced to abandon their dreams of early retirement after they reluctantly become guardians of their orphaned grandchildren, after the death of their estranged son. It was written by Gavin Petrie and Jan Etherington. It was announced in \"The Mirror\" newspaper in April 1997 that \"Next of Kin\" had been axed by the BBC and that", "title": "Next of Kin (TV series)" }, { "id": "9364024", "score": "1.6246295", "text": "her maiden name of Fielding. In Series Two, Edgar finds out they are married, but does not sack them and makes them joint managing directors of Oasis. Three series of \"Executive Stress\" were broadcast from 1986 to 1988. The first series, made of seven episodes, aired on Mondays at 20:00 following \"Coronation Street\", as did the six-episode second series. The third series, also of six episodes, aired on Tuesdays at 20.30 following \"The Bill\". In an article published in \"The Daily Mail\" two days before the first episode broadcast, Corinna Honan praised Penelope Keith saying, \"This is Keith at her", "title": "Executive Stress" }, { "id": "1672882", "score": "1.6208792", "text": "episode broadcast on 1 April 1973, the sitcom ran for three series between and , with 20 episodes in total. Each episode was 30 minutes except for the two Christmas specials in 1975 and 1976. A sequel to \"Porridge\", \"Going Straight\", was aired between 24 February and 7 April 1978. Beginning with Fletcher's release from prison on parole, it follows his attempts to \"go straight\" and readjust to a law-abiding life. Richard Beckinsale reprised his role as Godber, now the fiancé of Fletcher's daughter Ingrid (Patricia Brake), and the couple married in the final episode. Nicholas Lyndhurst also featured as", "title": "Porridge (TV series)" }, { "id": "14705673", "score": "1.6137228", "text": "higher-priority productions had been completed first. The first episode was transmitted two days after the strike ended, as schedules were very much \"ad hoc\" at this time as a result of such a long strike. Mixed Blessings (UK TV series) Mixed Blessings is a British sitcom starring Christopher Blake and Muriel Odunton that aired on ITV from 3 March 1978 to 7 June 1980. It was created by comedy writer Sid Green and produced for the ITV network by LWT. The show starred Christopher Blake (later of \"That's My Boy\" fame) and Muriel Odunton as newlyweds Thomas Simpson, who was", "title": "Mixed Blessings (UK TV series)" }, { "id": "20062470", "score": "1.6127264", "text": "Mr. Digby Darling Mr. Digby Darling is a British television sitcom made by Yorkshire Television and broadcast by ITV between 1969 and 1971, and starring Sheila Hancock and Peter Jones which ran for 3 series and 19 episodes. The story centred on a fictional pest control business 'Rid-O-Rat'. Roland Digby (Peter Jones) is the assistant public relations officer who depends entirely on his secretary Thelma Teesdale (Sheila Hancock) to provide for his every need. This includes mending his clothes, cooking his meals, and generally covering up for his many failings at every opportunity. Comedienne and impressionist Janet Brown featured in", "title": "Mr. Digby Darling" }, { "id": "9364020", "score": "1.6097319", "text": "Executive Stress Executive Stress is a British sitcom that aired on ITV from 1986 to 1988. Produced by Thames Television, it first aired on 20 October 1986. After three series, the last episode aired on 27 December 1988. Written by George Layton, \"Executive Stress\" stars Penelope Keith as Caroline Fairchild, a middle-aged woman who decides to go back to work. Her husband, Donald, is played by Geoffrey Palmer in the first series. However, Palmer was unable to return for the second series, so Peter Bowles played Donald in the remaining two series. Keith and Bowles had previously appeared together in", "title": "Executive Stress" }, { "id": "1388661", "score": "1.6087856", "text": "Born\", Keith has appeared in the lead role in six other sitcoms: \"Sweet Sixteen\", \"Moving\", \"Executive Stress\", \"No Job for a Lady\", \"Law and Disorder\" and \"Next of Kin\". She also had the starring role in a TV adaptation of Agatha Christie's play \"Spider's Web\". She won a second BAFTA award as \"Best Actress\" in 1978 for \"The Norman Conquests\". In 1982, Keith starred in a TV production of Frederick Lonsdale's \"On Approval\". In 1988, she hosted one series of the ITV panel show \"What's My Line?\", following the death of its former presenter, Eamonn Andrews. She had a featured", "title": "Penelope Keith" }, { "id": "9367176", "score": "1.6086962", "text": "alone in their large family home. However, when they decide to move Sarah insists on selling it to \"the right person\". However, things soon start to go wrong and their daughter Jane also returns from college. Meanwhile, Sarah's sister Liz Ford is taking Valium. Moving (TV series) Moving is a British sitcom that aired on ITV in 1985. It stars Penelope Keith and was written by Stanley Price. It was made for the ITV network by Thames Television. Stanley Price adapted \"Moving\" from a comedy play of the same name he had written. The play had enjoyed a successful run", "title": "Moving (TV series)" }, { "id": "19522556", "score": "1.6076511", "text": "Spooner's Patch Spooners Patch is a British television sitcom, written by Ray Galton, best known for the sitcom \"Steptoe and Son\" and Johnny Speight best known for \"Till Death Us Do Part\". It ran for 3 series and 19 episodes and was made and broadcast from 1979 to 1982 on the ITV network, by ATV. It is set in a police station in the fictional London suburb of Woodley. The title character of Spooner (Ronald Fraser, then Donald Churchill) is the inspector in charge who is engaged in various corrupt ventures and lives above the station. The other main characters", "title": "Spooner's Patch" }, { "id": "3657469", "score": "1.6025894", "text": "Ingrid (Patricia Brake). Her brother Raymond was played by a teenage Nicholas Lyndhurst. One series of six episodes was made in 1978. It attracted an audience of over 15 million viewers and won a BAFTA award in March 1979, but hopes of a further series had already been dashed by Beckinsale's premature death earlier the same month. Six episodes of \"Going Straight\", all written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, were produced for the BBC. The show began airing on 24 February and ended on 7 April 1978. All episodes had a running time of 30 minutes. The theme", "title": "Going Straight" } ]

[ "Fraction (quantity)", "fraction quantity", "Fraction", "Fraction (disambiguation)", "fraction disambiguation", "fractional", "Fractional", "A fraction", "fraction" ]

[ { "id": "1548682", "score": "1.6124024", "text": "than or equal to formula_1. Those would be 2, 3, and 4. As stated above, we can skip 4 because if 4 evenly divides 17, 2 must also evenly divide 17, which we already would have checked before that. That leaves us with just 2 and 3. After dividing, we find that 17 is not divisible by 2 or 3, and we can confirm that 17 must be prime. The algorithm can be improved further by observing that all primes are of the form , with the exception of 2 and 3. This is because all integers can be expressed", "title": "Primality test" }, { "id": "250329", "score": "1.6034076", "text": "always divisible by , the division is necessary for there to be any chance of finding prime numbers. In fact, this number is the same as the Lucas number , since and are the roots of the quadratic equation , and this number equals 1 when ) We can ask which makes this number prime. It can be shown that such must be primes themselves or equal to 4, and can be 4 if and only if and is prime. (Since . Thus, in this case the pair must be and must be prime. That is, must be in .)", "title": "Mersenne prime" }, { "id": "136579", "score": "1.5966167", "text": "also divide the left-hand side, \"v\". This result is known as Euclid's lemma. Specifically, if a prime number divides \"L\", then it must divide at least one factor of \"L\". Conversely, if a number \"w\" is coprime to each of a series of numbers \"a\", \"a\", …, \"a\", then \"w\" is also coprime to their product, \"a\" × \"a\" × … × \"a\". Euclid's lemma suffices to prove that every number has a unique factorization into prime numbers. To see this, assume the contrary, that there are two independent factorizations of \"L\" into \"m\" and \"n\" prime factors, respectively Since", "title": "Euclidean algorithm" }, { "id": "250305", "score": "1.5958712", "text": "primes , (which is also prime) will divide , e.g., , , , , , , , and . Since for these primes , is congruent to 7 mod 8, so 2 is a quadratic residue mod , and the multiplicative order of 2 mod must divide formula_1 = . Since is a prime, it must be or 1. However, it cannot be 1 since formula_2 and 1 has no prime factors, so it must be . Hence, divides formula_3 and = cannot be prime. The first four Mersenne primes are , , and and because the first Mersenne prime", "title": "Mersenne prime" }, { "id": "319191", "score": "1.5945497", "text": "factorizations are based on Euclid's lemma: If formula_20 is a prime number and formula_20 divides a product formula_33 of integers formula_34 and formula_35, then formula_20 divides formula_34 or formula_20 divides formula_35 (or both). Conversely, if a number formula_20 has the property that when it divides a product it always divides at least one factor of the product, then formula_20 must be prime. There are infinitely many prime numbers. Another way of saying this is that the sequence of prime numbers never ends. This statement is referred to as \"Euclid's theorem\" in honor of the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, since the", "title": "Prime number" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Divisibility rule\n\nA divisibility rule is a shorthand and useful way of determining whether a given integer is divisible by a fixed divisor without performing the division, usually by examining its digits. Although there are divisibility tests for numbers in any radix, or base, and they are all different, this article presents rules and examples only for decimal, or base 10, numbers. Martin Gardner explained and popularized these rules in his September 1962 \"Mathematical Games\" column in \"Scientific American\".", "title": "Divisibility rule" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prime number\n\nA prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself.\nHowever, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.\n\nThe property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number formula_1, called trial division, tests whether formula_1 is a multiple of any integer between 2 and formula_3. Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical. Particularly fast methods are available for numbers of special forms, such as Mersenne numbers. the largest known prime number is a Mersenne prime with 24,862,048 decimal digits.<ref name=\"GIMPS-2018\" />\n\nThere are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. No known simple formula separates prime numbers from composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes within the natural numbers in the large can be statistically modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says that the probability of a randomly chosen large number being prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, that is, to its logarithm.\n\nSeveral historical questions regarding prime numbers are still unsolved. These include Goldbach's conjecture, that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes, and the twin prime conjecture, that there are infinitely many pairs of primes having just one even number between them. Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. In abstract algebra, objects that behave in a generalized way like prime numbers include prime elements and prime ideals.", "title": "Prime number" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mersenne prime\n\nIn mathematics, a Mersenne prime is a prime number that is one less than a power of two. That is, it is a prime number of the form for some integer . They are named after Marin Mersenne, a French Minim friar, who studied them in the early 17th century. If is a composite number then so is . Therefore, an equivalent definition of the Mersenne primes is that they are the prime numbers of the form for some prime .\n\nThe exponents which give Mersenne primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 31, ... and the resulting Mersenne primes are 3, 7, 31, 127, 8191, 131071, 524287, 2147483647, ... .\n\nNumbers of the form without the primality requirement may be called Mersenne numbers. Sometimes, however, Mersenne numbers are defined to have the additional requirement that be prime.\nThe smallest composite Mersenne number with prime exponent \"n\" is .\n\nMersenne primes were studied in antiquity because of their close connection to perfect numbers: the Euclid–Euler theorem asserts a one-to-one correspondence between even perfect numbers and Mersenne primes. Many of the largest known primes are Mersenne primes because Mersenne numbers are easier to check for primality.\n\n, 51 Mersenne primes are known. The largest known prime number, , is a Mersenne prime. Since 1997, all newly found Mersenne primes have been discovered by the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, a distributed computing project. In December 2020, a major milestone in the project was passed after all exponents below 100 million were checked at least once.", "title": "Mersenne prime" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Euclidean algorithm" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pythagorean triple\n\nA Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers , , and , such that . Such a triple is commonly written , and a well-known example is . If is a Pythagorean triple, then so is for any positive integer . A primitive Pythagorean triple is one in which , and are coprime (that is, they have no common divisor larger than 1). For example, is a primitive Pythagorean triple whereas is not. A triangle whose sides form a Pythagorean triple is called a Pythagorean triangle, and is necessarily a right triangle.\n\nThe name is derived from the Pythagorean theorem, stating that every right triangle has side lengths satisfying the formula formula_1; thus, Pythagorean triples describe the three integer side lengths of a right triangle. However, right triangles with non-integer sides do not form Pythagorean triples. For instance, the triangle with sides formula_2 and formula_3 is a right triangle, but formula_4 is not a Pythagorean triple because formula_5 is not an integer. Moreover, formula_6 and formula_5 do not have an integer common multiple because formula_5 is irrational.\n\nPythagorean triples have been known since ancient times. The oldest known record comes from Plimpton 322, a Babylonian clay tablet from about 1800 BC, written in a sexagesimal number system. It was discovered by Edgar James Banks shortly after 1900, and sold to George Arthur Plimpton in 1922, for $10.\n\nWhen searching for integer solutions, the equation is a Diophantine equation. Thus Pythagorean triples are among the oldest known solutions of a nonlinear Diophantine equation.", "title": "Pythagorean triple" }, { "id": "10180427", "score": "1.5859131", "text": "≤ 1685 or higher, there appears a second solution \"X\" = 4, \"Y\" = 61. Thus, from then on, the problem is not solvable in the sense that there is no longer a unique solution. Similarly, if \"X\" + \"Y\" ≤ 1970 or higher a third solution appears (\"X\" = 16, \"Y\" = 73). All of these three solutions contain one prime number. The first solution with no prime number is the fourth which appears at \"X\" + \"Y\" ≤ 2522 or higher with values \"X\" = 16 = 2·2·2·2 and \"Y\" = 111 = 3·37. If the condition \"Y\"", "title": "Sum and Product Puzzle" }, { "id": "319228", "score": "1.5795631", "text": "formula_1 is called \"trial division\". This method divides formula_1 by each integer from 2 up to the square root of formula_1. Any such integer dividing formula_1 evenly establishes formula_1 as composite; otherwise it is prime. Integers larger than the square root do not need to be checked because, whenever formula_202, one of the two factors formula_34 and formula_35 is less than or equal to the square root of formula_1. Another optimization is to check only primes as factors in this range. For instance, to check whether 37 is prime, this method divides it by the primes in the range from", "title": "Prime number" }, { "id": "2493774", "score": "1.5568991", "text": "or \"n\" is a multiple of 5 − 1 = 4. Similarly, since 12 is a primitive root mod 7, so if \"n\" ≥ 7, then either 7 divides \"x\" (in this case, \"x\" = 7, since \"x\" ∈ {1, 5, 7, 11}) or |\"x\" − \"y\"| (in this case, \"x\" = \"y\" = 1, since \"x\", \"y\" ∈ {1, 5, 7, 11}. That is, the prime is a repunit) or \"n\" is a multiple of 7 − 1 = 6. Similarly, since 12 is a primitive root mod 17, so if \"n\" ≥ 17, then either 17 divides \"x\"", "title": "Permutable prime" }, { "id": "1665777", "score": "1.5566816", "text": "4 4 (four) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being and . 4 is the smallest squared prime (\"p\") and the only even number in this form. 4 is also the only square one more than a prime number. A number is a multiple of 4 if its last two digits are a multiple of 4. For example, 1092 is a multiple of 4 because . In addition, 2 + 2 = 2 × 2 = 2 = 4. Continuing the", "title": "4" }, { "id": "10396799", "score": "1.5529857", "text": "does not divide \"a\". If \"k\" is prime then an AP-\"k\" can begin with \"k\" and have a common difference which is only a multiple of (\"k\"−1)# instead of \"k\"#. (From H. J. Weber, ``Less Regular Exceptional and Repeating Prime Number Multiplets,\" arXiv:1105.4092[math.NT], Sect.3.) For example, the AP-3 with primes {3, 5, 7} and common difference 2# = 2, or the AP-5 with primes {5, 11, 17, 23, 29} and common difference 4# = 6. It is conjectured that such examples exist for all primes \"k\". , the largest prime for which this is confirmed is \"k\" = 19, for", "title": "Primes in arithmetic progression" }, { "id": "18167109", "score": "1.5523729", "text": "e.g. for we get 16 () and the sum of its divisors is 31 (). being a prime implies that the sum of its divisors is since its constituents are the number itself and 1 so . Taking this into account leads to: In the other direction, suppose that an even perfect number has been given, and partially factor it as 2\"x\", where \"x\" is odd. For to be perfect, its sum of divisors must be twice its value: The odd factor on the right side of (∗) is at least 3, and it must divide or equal \"x\", the", "title": "Euclid–Euler theorem" }, { "id": "6447962", "score": "1.5514495", "text": "a prime \"p\" divides \"ab\" then it must divide \"a\" or \"b\"). Since each natural number (> 1) has at least one prime factor, and two successive numbers \"n\" and (\"n\" + 1) have no factor in common, the product \"n\"(\"n\" + 1) has more different prime factors than the number \"n\" itself. So the chain of pronic numbers:<br>1×2 = 2 {2}, 2×3 = 6 {2, 3}, 6×7 = 42 {2,3, 7}, 42×43 = 1806 {2,3,7, 43}, 1806×1807 = 3263443 {2,3,7,43, 13,139}, · · ·<br>provides a sequence of unlimited growing sets of primes. Representing the Leibniz formula for as an", "title": "Euclid's theorem" }, { "id": "1875146", "score": "1.548955", "text": "Thus the lemma is proven. Assume there is a counterexample: an integer \"n\" ≥ 2 such that there is no prime \"p\" with \"n\" < \"p\" < 2\"n\". If 2 ≤ \"n\" < 468, then \"p\" can be chosen from among the prime numbers 3, 5, 7, 13, 23, 43, 83, 163, 317, 631 (each being less than twice its predecessor) such that \"n\" < \"p\" < 2\"n\". Therefore, \"n\" ≥ 468. There are no prime factors \"p\" of formula_87 such that: Therefore, every prime factor \"p\" satisfies \"p\" ≤ 2\"n\"/3. When formula_88 the number formula_89 has at most one", "title": "Proof of Bertrand's postulate" }, { "id": "2326717", "score": "1.5434005", "text": "divide . And since 31 does not divide and measures 496, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic implies that must divide 16 and be amongst the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16. Let be 4, then must be 124, which is impossible since by hypothesis is not amongst the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124 or 248. Starting with 2 the last digit is periodic with period 4, with the cycle 2–4–8–6–, and starting with 4 the last two digits are periodic with period 20. These patterns are generally true of any power, with respect to any", "title": "Power of two" }, { "id": "1692381", "score": "1.5408568", "text": "must also divide ; if fails to divide , then is definitely not square. Repeating the divisions of the previous sentence, one concludes that every prime must divide a given perfect square an even number of times (including possibly 0 times). Thus, the number is a square number if and only if, in its canonical representation, all exponents are even. Squarity testing can be used as alternative way in factorization of large numbers. Instead of testing for divisibility, test for squarity: for given and some number , if is the square of an integer then divides . (This is an", "title": "Square number" }, { "id": "148012", "score": "1.5318308", "text": "5s, and no other primes in the product. The requirement that the factors be prime is necessary: factorizations containing composite numbers may not be unique (e.g., 12 = 2 × 6 = 3 × 4). This theorem is one of the main reasons why 1 is not considered a prime number: if 1 were prime, then factorization into primes would not be unique; for example, Book VII, propositions 30, 31 and 32, and Book IX, proposition 14 of Euclid's \"Elements\" are essentially the statement and proof of the fundamental theorem. (In modern terminology: if a prime \"p\" divides the product", "title": "Fundamental theorem of arithmetic" }, { "id": "319229", "score": "1.5301474", "text": "2 to , which are 2, 3, and 5. Each division produces a nonzero remainder, so 37 is indeed prime. Although this method is simple to describe, it is impractical for testing the primality of large integers, because the number of tests that it performs grows exponentially as a function of the number of digits of these integers. However, trial division is still used, with a smaller limit than the square root on the divisor size, to quickly discover composite numbers with small factors, before using more complicated methods on the numbers that pass this filter. Before computers, mathematical tables", "title": "Prime number" }, { "id": "15613140", "score": "1.5287423", "text": "form 4\"k\" + 1, and half of the form 4\"k\" + 3. A reasonable guess would be that π(\"x\"; 4, 1) > π(\"x\"; 4, 3) and π(\"x\"; 4, 1) < π(\"x\"; 4, 3) each also occur 50% of the time. This, however, is not supported by numerical evidence — in fact, π(\"x\"; 4, 3) > π(\"x\"; 4, 1) occurs much more frequently. Indeed this inequality holds for all primes \"x\" < 26833 except 5, 17, 41 and 461, for which there is a tie. In general, if 0 < \"a\", \"b\" < \"q\" are integers, (\"a\", \"q\") = (\"b\", \"q\")", "title": "Chebyshev's bias" }, { "id": "6560992", "score": "1.5253206", "text": "of 3 modulo formula_2 divides formula_12, which is a power of two. On the other hand, the order does not divide formula_13, and therefore it must be equal to formula_14. In particular, there are at least formula_14 numbers below formula_2 coprime to formula_2, and this can happen only if formula_2 is prime. Necessity: assume that formula_2 is prime. By Euler's criterion, where formula_21 is the Legendre symbol. By repeated squaring, we find that formula_22, thus formula_23, and formula_24. As formula_25, we conclude formula_26 from the law of quadratic reciprocity. Because of the sparsity of the Fermat numbers, the Pépin test", "title": "Pépin's test" }, { "id": "3933990", "score": "1.524133", "text": "− 1) / 2 must evaluate to an odd natural number. Combining both forms using lcm(6,4) we determine that a safe prime \"q\" > 7 also must be of the form 12\"k\"−1 or, equivalently, \"q\" ≡ 11 (mod 12). It follows that 3 (also 12) is a quadratic residue mod \"q\" for any safe prime \"q\" > 7. (Thus, 12 is not a primitive root of any safe prime \"q\" > 7, and the only safe primes that are also full reptend primes in base 12 are 5 and 7) These primes are called \"safe\" because of their relationship to", "title": "Safe prime" } ]

[ "2up", "2-up", "two up", "Two up", "Two-up", "Two-Up", "2-Up", "2 up" ]

[ { "id": "790930", "score": "1.77191", "text": "was played extensively by Australia's soldiers during World War I. Gambling games, to which a blind eye was cast, became a regular part of Anzac Day celebrations for returned soldiers, although two-up was illegal at all other times. As time passed, increasingly elaborate illegal \"two-up schools\" grew around Australia, to the consternation of authorities but with the backing of corrupt police. The legendary Thommo's Two-up School, which operated at various locations in Surry Hills, Sydney from the early years of the 20th century until at least 1979, was one of Australia's first major illegal gambling operations. The popularity of two-up", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": "790927", "score": "1.7718623", "text": "Two-up Two-up is a traditional Australian gambling game, involving a designated \"spinner\" throwing two coins or pennies into the air. Players bet on whether the coins will fall with both heads (obverse) up, both tails (reverse) up, or with one coin a head and one a tail (known as \"Ewan\"). It is traditionally played on Anzac Day in pubs and clubs throughout Australia, in part to mark a shared experience with Diggers through the ages. The game is traditionally played with pennies – their weight, size, and surface design make them ideal for the game. Weight and size make them", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": "9350821", "score": "1.7563269", "text": "become so widespread by the early 20th century that constituted \"a virtual national act of civil disobedience\". One of the betting games most closely associated with the Aussie pub was the coin game two-up, which was extremely popular during the 19th and earlier 20th century. It is most often associated with the celebration of Anzac Day on 25 April each year. In the years after World War I, it became traditional that, after the early morning commemorative service and march, ex-servicemen would gather at local pubs to drink, reminisce and play two-up. Although still technically illegal, Anzac Day two-up games", "title": "Australian pub" }, { "id": "3740704", "score": "1.7173107", "text": "the end of World War II, he got a call from a friend at the United States State Department. The caller said that there was someone who was looking for a poker game on a weekend in Manhattan. Dandolos reminded his friend that gambling is illegal in New York, but his friend said that he would see to it that no law enforcement would get involved. At the game, according to Dandolos, he introduced Albert Einstein as \"little Al from Jersey.\" Another urban legend has him winning one million dollars against a Texan. In the early hours of the morning,", "title": "Nick Dandolos" }, { "id": "790931", "score": "1.6378762", "text": "declined after the 1950s as more sophisticated forms of gambling like baccarat gained popularity in illegal gaming houses and poker machines (slot machines) were legalised in clubs. Legal two-up arrived with its introduction as a table game at the new casino in Hobart in 1973, but is now only offered at Crown Perth and Crown Melbourne. Two-up has also been legalised on Anzac Day, when it is played in Returned Servicemen's League (RSL) clubs and hotels. Several tourist \"two-up schools\" in the Outback have also been legalised. Under the NSW Gambling (Two-Up) Act 1998, playing two-up in NSW is not", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Two-up\n\nTwo-up is a traditional Australian gambling game, involving a designated \"spinner\" throwing two coins or pennies into the air. Players bet on whether the coins will fall with both heads (obverse) up, both tails (reverse) up, or with one coin a head and one a tail (known as \"Ewan\"). It is traditionally played on Anzac Day in pubs and clubs throughout Australia, in part to mark a shared experience with Diggers through the ages.\n\nThe game is traditionally played with pennies – their weight, size, and surface design make them ideal for the game. Weight and size make them stable on the \"kip\" and easy to spin in the air. Decimal coins are generally considered to be too small and light and they do not fly as well. The design of pre-1939 pennies had the sovereign's head on the obverse (front) and the reverse was totally covered in writing, making the result very easy and quick to see. Pennies now are marked with a white cross on the reverse (Tails) side. Pennies can often be observed being used at games on Anzac Day, as they are brought out specifically for this purpose each year.", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Loot box\n\nIn video games, a loot box (also called a loot crate or prize crate) is a consumable virtual item which can be redeemed to receive a randomised selection of further virtual items, or loot, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor. A loot box is typically a form of monetisation, with players either buying the boxes directly or receiving the boxes during play and later buying \"keys\" with which to redeem them. These systems may also be known as \"gacha\" (based on – capsule toys) and integrated into \"gacha\" games.\n\nLoot box concepts originated from loot systems in massively multiplayer online role-playing games, and from the monetisation of free-to-play mobile gaming. They first appeared in 2004 through 2007, and have appeared in many free-to-play games and in some full-priced titles since then. They are seen by developers and publishers of video games not only to help generate ongoing revenue for games while avoiding drawbacks of paid downloadable content or game subscriptions, but to also keep player interest within games by offering new content and cosmetics through loot-box reward systems.\n\nLoot boxes were popularised through their inclusion in several games throughout the mid-2010s. By the later half of the decade, some games, particularly \"Star Wars Battlefront II\", expanded approaches to the concept that caused them to become highly criticised. Such criticism included \"pay to win\" gameplay systems that favor those that spend real money on loot boxes and negative effects on gameplay systems to accommodate them, as well as them being anti-consumer when implemented in full-priced games. Due to fears of them being used as a source in gray-market skin gambling, loot boxes began to become regulated under national gambling laws in various countries at the same time.", "title": "Loot box" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Risk (game)\n\nRisk is a strategy board game of diplomacy, conflict and conquest for two to six players. The standard version is played on a board depicting a political map of the world, divided into forty-two territories, which are grouped into six continents. Turns rotate among players who control armies of playing pieces with which they attempt to capture territories from other players, with results determined by dice rolls. Players may form and dissolve alliances during the course of the game. The goal of the game is to occupy every territory on the board and, in doing so, eliminate the other players. The game can be lengthy, requiring several hours to multiple days to finish. European versions are structured so that each player has a limited \"secret mission\" objective that shortens the game.\n\n\"Risk\" was invented in 1957 by Albert Lamorisse, a French filmmaker, and it became one of the most popular board games in history, inspiring other popular games such as \"Axis & Allies\" and \"Settlers of Catan\". The simple rules but complex interactions make it appealing to adults, children, and families. It is still in production by Hasbro with numerous editions and variants with popular media themes and different rules, including PC software versions, video games, and mobile apps.", "title": "Risk (game)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rugby union\n\nRugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.\n\nRugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by people of all genders, ages and sizes. In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players. World Rugby, previously called the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) and the International Rugby Board (IRB), has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886, and currently has 101 countries as full members and 18 associate members.\n\nIn 1845, the first laws were written by students attending Rugby School; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the decision by Blackheath F.C. to leave The Football Association in 1863 and, in 1895, the split between rugby union and rugby league. Historically rugby union was an amateur sport, but in 1995 formal restrictions on payments to players were removed, making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time.\n\nRugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland, with other early exponents of the sport including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. The sport is followed primarily in the British Isles, France, Georgia, Oceania, Southern Africa, Argentina, and to a lesser extent Italy, Uruguay, the United States, Canada, and Japan, its growth occurring during the expansion of the British Empire and through French proponents (Rugby Europe) in Europe. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their \"de facto\" national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, and Wales.\n\nInternational matches have taken place since 1871 when the first game was played between Scotland and England at Raeburn Place in Edinburgh. The Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987, is held every four years. The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are other important international competitions that are held annually.\n\nNational club and provincial competitions include the Premiership in England, the Top 14 in France, the Bunnings NPC in New Zealand, the League One in Japan and the Currie Cup in South Africa. Other transnational club competitions include the United Rugby Championship of club teams from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa and Wales, European Rugby Champions Cup in Europe, and Super Rugby Pacific in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.", "title": "Rugby union" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rock paper scissors\n\nRock paper scissors (also known by other orderings of the three items, with \"rock\" sometimes being called \"stone,\" or as Rochambeau, roshambo, or ro-sham-bo) is a hand game originating in China, usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously forms one of three shapes with an outstretched hand. These shapes are \"rock\" (a closed fist), \"paper\" (a flat hand), and \"scissors\" (a fist with the index finger and middle finger extended, forming a V). \"Scissors\" is identical to the two-fingered V sign (also indicating \"victory\" or \"peace\") except that it is pointed horizontally instead of being held upright in the air.\n\nA simultaneous, zero-sum game, it has three possible outcomes: a draw, a win or a loss. A player who decides to play rock will beat another player who has chosen scissors (\"rock crushes scissors\" or \"breaks scissors\" or sometimes \"blunts scissors\"), but will lose to one who has played paper (\"paper covers rock\"); a play of paper will lose to a play of scissors (\"scissors cuts paper\"). If both players choose the same shape, the game is tied and is usually immediately replayed to break the tie. The game spread from China while developing different variants in signs over time.\n\nRock paper scissors is often used as a fair choosing method between two people, similar to coin flipping, drawing straws, or throwing dice in order to settle a dispute or make an unbiased group decision. Unlike truly random selection methods, however, rock paper scissors can be played with a degree of skill by recognizing and exploiting non-random behavior in opponents.", "title": "Rock paper scissors" }, { "id": "790929", "score": "1.598288", "text": "obscure, but it seems to have evolved from pitch and toss, a gambling game involving tossing a single coin into the air and wagering on the result. Two-up was popular amongst poorer English and Irish citizens in the 18th century. The predilection of the convicts for this game was noted as early as 1798 by New South Wales's first judge advocate, as well as the lack of skill involved and the large losses. By the 1850s, the two-coin form was being played on the goldfields of the eastern colonies, and it spread across the country following subsequent gold rushes. Two-up", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": "11990004", "score": "1.5591137", "text": "Otto volunteered to serve in the RAF, but was rejected when it was learned that his parents were still in Vienna. He then volunteered for factory work and was sent to a place producing pistons for fighter aircraft where he worked for a short time. At the age of 22, Otto became a professional gambler until the end of the war. Engaging in sports he was, for two years running, Chelsea & Kensington's 100-yard swimming champion. In the last year of the war, he made the final in the British Open Table tennis championship beating two highly ranked players on", "title": "Otto Newman" }, { "id": "790937", "score": "1.5482244", "text": "run and hide the equipment being used and money being gambled. In 2014, the television program \"Peaky Blinders\" depicts a game of two-up, with a car and a horse used for betting. On 20 February 2015, a game of two-up featured in \"The Doctor Blake Mysteries\", series 3, episode 2, titled \"My Brother's Keeper\". Two-up Two-up is a traditional Australian gambling game, involving a designated \"spinner\" throwing two coins or pennies into the air. Players bet on whether the coins will fall with both heads (obverse) up, both tails (reverse) up, or with one coin a head and one a", "title": "Two-up" }, { "id": "17488511", "score": "1.5376939", "text": "an Allied or Axis army from World War II, reclaiming invaded territories in Europe. As a PvP game, Checkmate supports PvE single player campaigns, however the game includes guild-style social game features, with which players can battle players from opposing factions. Hoolai Poker (胡莱德州扑克) is a social gambling platform. Its current primary poker game is Texas Hold’em. The game deals strictly in virtual currency, however competitive players can participate in tournament events with the chance of winning real life prizes. For casual play, Hoolai Poker offers other poker variants including Caribbean Poker and Video Poker. In 2014, Wartune, a stand", "title": "Hoolai Games" }, { "id": "10714280", "score": "1.5230284", "text": "set in the Pacific Theater of World War II, and follows the lives of a group of marines in special service. Griffin never explains the game in the slightest, but his characters are often playing it when they are interrupted by the war, i.e. required to stop playing to perform some duty. In 1978 a type-in program BASIC video game version was distributed via the book BASIC Computer Games. An unsold 1985 game show pilot hosted by Jim McKrell, entitled \"Split Decision,\" had contestants playing the game Acey Deucey while answering general knowledge questions. Each player picked a card to", "title": "Acey Deucey (card game)" }, { "id": "3005783", "score": "1.5146258", "text": "seemingly desperate situation, Colonel Andrew played his trump card — two Matilda tanks, which he ordered to counterattack with the reserve infantry platoon and some additional gunners turned infantrymen. The counterattack failed — one tank had to turn back after suffering technical problems (the turret would not traverse properly) and the second ignored the German positions in the RAF camp and the edge of the airfield, heading straight for the riverbed. This lone tank stranded itself quickly on a boulder, and faced with the same technical difficulties as the first Matilda, the crew abandoned the vehicle. The exposed infantry were", "title": "Military history of New Zealand during World War II" }, { "id": "11483648", "score": "1.50355", "text": "league in Australia has been common ever since the game began in 1908, governments of the period were strongly dedicated to outlawing sports betting and betting on league was thus illegal until the Wran Government legalised it for the 1983 season, in response to the lucrative illegal betting market since race meetings were banned for one week a month during World War II. Betting in the period between the war had always been based on selecting the winners after points start were added, and a report commissioned by the State Government in late 1981 showed that illegal bookmakers were offering", "title": "FootyTAB" }, { "id": "8217669", "score": "1.5003717", "text": "Cash Card: The Cash Card jackpot itself was fixed at $5,000, but occasionally was worth $10,000; and the \"Joker\" was replaced with the \"Take $5\" card, which allowed the player to remove $5 from one of their opponents' scores. Two years later, in keeping with the \"casino\" theme, the playing cards were replaced with four single-reeled poker machines despite the Cash Card name. Each one was rigged to land on one element, and when the player selected a suit, the co-host pulled the handle to reveal the outcome. In addition, the \"Take $5\" was relegated to celebrity specials, and replaced", "title": "Sale of the Century (Australian game show)" }, { "id": "2705353", "score": "1.4989072", "text": "of many differing designs. Through the rest of the Edo period through the Meiwa, An'ei, and Tenmei eras (roughly 1765–1788), a game called \"Mekuri Karuta\" took the place of \"Unsun Karuta\". Consisting of a 48-card deck divided into four sets of 12, it became wildly popular and was one of the most common forms of gambling during this time period. In fact, it became so commonly used for gambling that it was banned in 1791, during the Kansei era. Over the next few decades, several new card games were developed and subsequently banned because they were used almost exclusively for", "title": "Hanafuda" }, { "id": "7568829", "score": "1.4954896", "text": "3-5-8 3-5-8, also known as Sergeant Major for its popularity among members of Britain's Royal Air Force, is a trick-taking card game for 3 players, using a standard 52 card deck. 3-5-8 may be played as a gambling game, or not, and there are many variations with names like \"8-5-3\" and \"9-5-2\" played throughout the world. The version \"9-5-3 variation with no kitty\" was played in the Royal Navy over fifty years ago, when fellow crew would sit around to continue their game from the previous night. 3 players use a 52-card deck. The object is to win as many", "title": "3-5-8" }, { "id": "707407", "score": "1.4896388", "text": "all of the major manufacturers of coin-operated games turned to the manufacture of equipment for the war effort. Some companies, like Williams, bought old games from operators and refurbished them, adding new artwork with a patriotic theme. At the end of the war, a generation of Americans looked for amusement in bars and malt shops, and pinball saw another golden age. Improvements such as the tilt mechanism and free games (known as replays) appeared. Gottlieb's \"Humpty Dumpty\", introduced in 1947, was the first game to add player-controlled flippers to keep the ball in play longer, adding a skill factor to", "title": "Pinball" }, { "id": "14313836", "score": "1.4829762", "text": "designed to boost morale in the U.S. during World War II, \"Jackpot\" failed to garner a following among critics and audiences. A few songs from the show were published: \"I've Got A One Track Mind\", \"Sugarfoot\", \"There Are Yanks (From the Banks of the Wabash)\", and \"What Happened?\". Jackpot (musical) Jackpot is an American musical with music by Vernon Duke, lyrics by Howard Dietz, and a musical book by Guy Bolton, Sidney Sheldon, and Ben Roberts. The musical premiered on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on January 13, 1944. It closed on March 11, 1944 after a total of 69", "title": "Jackpot (musical)" }, { "id": "7567046", "score": "1.4802527", "text": "By 1994, the game was offered at five Northern Nevada casinos, beginning with Harrah's Tahoe. In 2004, Shuffle Master acquired most of Bet Technology's assets, including Casino War. Casino War Casino War is a proprietary casino table game based on the game of War. It is distributed by Shuffle Master, a division of Scientific Games. The game is one of the most easily understood casino card games, and is one of the only card games where players can beat the dealer more than 50% of the time. The game is normally played with six standard 52 card decks. The cards", "title": "Casino War" }, { "id": "16006934", "score": "1.4799078", "text": "it features two soldiers, one New Zealander and one Australian surrounded by two ferns and a mangopare (hammerhead shark) design; with the words \"The Spirit of Anzac We Will Remember Them\" and \"1915-2015\" in reference to the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915. It is the first circulating coin to feature colour, a black background around the soldiers. The coins are limited to 1,000,000 and were minted by Canadian Mint. The second one was released on 1 October 2018. It also features the standard obverse design but on the reverse it features a RSA poopy in the", "title": "New Zealand fifty-cent coin" }, { "id": "396106", "score": "1.4706075", "text": "in 1956 when they were made legal in all registered clubs in the state. There are suggestions that the proliferation of poker machines has led to increased levels of problem gambling; however, the precise nature of this link is still open to research. In 1999 the Australian Productivity Commission reported that nearly half Australia's gaming machines were in New South Wales. At the time, 21% of all the gambling machines in the world were operating in Australia, and on a per capita basis, Australia had roughly five times as many gaming machines as the United States. Australia ranks 8th in", "title": "Slot machine" } ]