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2,116 | ç©çæ°åŠI 解æåŠ | ç©çæ°åŠI > 解æåŠ
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â n = 1 â 1 n α {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{\alpha }}}} ã¯ã α =< 1 {\displaystyle \alpha =<1} ã®ãšãçºæ£ãã α > 1 {\displaystyle \alpha >1} ã®ãšãåæããã
TODO | [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çæ°åŠI > 解æåŠ",
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"tag": "p",
"text": "解æåŠã¯é«æ ¡ãŸã§ã®æ°åŠã®å»¶é·ãšããŠãšãããããšãåºæ¥ãããé«æ ¡ãŸã§ã®æ°åŠãå³å¯ã«åºç€ã¥ããç§ç®ãšãšãããããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ãé«æ ¡ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯æ°åã®æ¥µéãé¢æ°ã®é£ç¶ã¯å³å¯ã«ã¯å®çŸ©ãããŠããªãã£ãã解æåŠã§ã¯ãã®ãããªæ¥µéãåãææ³ãæ±ãããŸãã埮åãç©åã«é¢ããããé²ãã èšç®ãæ±ããããã§åŠãã ææ³ã¯ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ãšäžŠãã§ãããé²ãã èšç®ãè¡ãªãããã®åºç€ãšãªãã®ã§ãããã§åŠã¶ææ³ã«ã¯ååç¿çããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã1ã€ã®å€æ°ãæ±ãé¢æ°ãçšããŠåæãé£ç¶æ§ã®å®çŸ©ãæ±ãããŸããããããçšããŠå³å¯ã«å®çŸ©ãããææ³ãçšããŠãã€ã©ãŒå±éãããè€éãªç©åãå°å
¥ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã«ãç¡çæ°ãå®çŸ©ããææ³ãèãããé«æ ¡ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§ã¯ãå®æ°ã®ãã¡ã§æçæ°ã§ãªããã®ãç¡çæ°ãšå®çŸ©ãããããã§æçæ°ãšã¯ã2ã€ã®äºãã«çŽ ã®æŽæ°n,mãçšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããããã®å
šäœãæãããããããã®æ§æã§ã¯ããããå®æ°ãäœãªã®ãã瀺ãããŠããªããããç¡çæ°ãšãããã®ããšããã«ãããšããé£ç¹ãããã ããã§ãå®æ°ã®æ§è³ªã«ã€ããŠ1ã€ã®ä»®å®ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çŸ©ã¯ãããã³ãã®åæ(w:en:Dedekind cut)ãšåŒã°ããããã®ãšããããå®æ°ããã®æ°ããå°ããæçæ°ã®éåã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ããããã®å®çŸ©ã¯æçæ°ãšç¡çæ°ã®äž¡æ¹ã«å¯ŸããŠé©çšã§ããããªããªããåæã§éžã°ããç¹ãæçæ°ã ã£ããšãã«ã¯ããã®ç¹èªèº«ãŸã§ã®æçæ°ã®éåãéžãã æçæ°ãè¡šããæçæ°ã®éåãšããŠæ±ãã°ãããäžæ¹ãåæã«ãã£ãŠéžã°ããç¹ãç¡çæ°ã ã£ããšãã«ã¯ããã®åæã¯å¿
ããã®è¿ãã«ããå¥ã®æ°ãè¡šããåæãšã¯åºå¥ãããããªããªããããæ°ãéžãã ãšããã®æ°ãšå¥ã®æ°ã®éã«ã¯å¿
ãããæçæ°ãååšããããã§ãããæçæ°ã®ãã®æ§è³ªã¯æçæ°ã®w:çš å¯æ§ãšåŒã°ããæçæ°ã®éèŠãªæ§è³ªã§ãããããã¯ãã©ããªæ°ã§ãæ°å€ãšããŠæžããªããã®å€ã¯ã©ããªå Žåã§ãç¡éå°æ°ã§æžãããšãåºæ¥ãç¡éå°æ°ã¯ã©ãã»ã©å°ããæ°ã§ãæçæ°ã§æžãã埪ç°å°æ°ãå«ãã§ããããšãã確ãã«æç«ããã®ã§ããããã®ããã«ããŠãç¡çæ°ã¯ãã®æ°ããå°ããæçæ°å
šäœã®éåã«ãã£ãŠãšãããããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ãäžã§è¿°ã¹ãå®æ°ã®é£ç¶æ§ãçšããŠãæ°åã®åæãå®çŸ©ããããŸãã¯ãåæã®å®çŸ©ãè¿°ã¹ããä»»æã®(å°ãã)ããæ° Îµ {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ããšã£ããšããããNãååšããŠn >= {\\displaystyle >=} N ãæºããå
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãšãæ°å a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ã¯ãå®æ°aã«åæãããšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
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{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãå®æ°ã®é£ç¶æ§ã¯ç¡éã«ããå®æ°aã«è¿ãæ°ããã 1ã€ãããªããšããããšãèŠãããã«çšããããŠãããããã¯ãããå®æ°aãšç°ãªã£ãç¹bã¯ãå®æ°aãšã®éã«äœããã®æçæ°ãæã€ãããå®æ°aãšç¡éã«è¿ãã«ããããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãããã®ãããæ°å | a n â a | {\\displaystyle |a_{n}-a|} ããå®æ°aãšéžãã ç¹bã®è·é¢ãããå°ãã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ãããå°ãããšããæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããšãã a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ãåæããç¹ã¯ç¢ºãã«ç¹bã§ã¯ãªããç¹aã§ããããšã ä¿èšŒãããã®ã§ãããäžã®å®çŸ©ã¯é«æ ¡ãŸã§ã«è¡ãªã£ã極éã®å®çŸ©ã«é©åããŠããã¯ããªã®ã§ãå®éã«æ¥µéã®èšç®ãè¡ãªããšãã«ã¯ããããŸã§ã«çšããçµæããã®ãŸãŸçšããŠãããããã®å®çŸ©ãçšãããšãã以äžãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®æ°a,bã«åæããæ°å a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} , b n {\\displaystyle b_{n}} ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)ã«ã€ããŠãæ°å a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ãaã«åæããããšãããããå®æ° ε 1 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{1}} ãåã£ããšããããå®æ° N 1 {\\displaystyle N_{1}} ãååšãã N 1 < n {\\displaystyle N_{1}<n} ãæºããå
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæç«ãããåæ§ã«æ°å b n {\\displaystyle b_{n}} ãbã«åæããããšãããããå®æ° ε 2 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{2}} ãåã£ããšããããå®æ° N 2 {\\displaystyle N_{2}} ãååšãã N 2 < n {\\displaystyle N_{2}<n} ãæºããå
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãååšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšããå
šãŠã® n > N {\\displaystyle n>N} ãæºããæŽæ°nã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèšç®ãããšããã®éã¯äžè§äžçåŒãçšããããšã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããããã ε 1 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{1}} , ε 2 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{2}} ã¯Nã倧ããåãããšã§ãããã§ãå°ããã§ãããããå
šãŠã® ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããªæŽæ°Nãååšããããã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã瀺ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ã n > N {\\displaystyle n>N} ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšã«æ³šç®ãããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã§ã ε 1 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{1}} , ε 2 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon _{2}} ã¯Nã倧ããåãããšã§ãããã§ãå°ããã§ãããããa,bãæéã®ãšãa,bã®å€ã«é¢ãããäžã®å€ã¯éããªãå°ãããªãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã瀺ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®æ°å",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ¥µéå€ãæ±ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®çµæã§ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšããã°ããããã ããå®æ°ã¯å
šãŠã®nã«å¯ŸããŠåãæ°ãåãæ°åãšããŠæ±ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã1ã¯æ¥µéå€1ããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã極éå€0ãåãããšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã2ã¯ã極éå€2ãåãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯æ¥µéå€0ãåãããšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãäžè¬ã«å®æ°åãå®æ°ã®è¶³ãç®ã¯ã極éå€ã«å®æ°åãå®æ°ã®è¶³ãç®ãããã°ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«æ°åã®çºæ£ã®å®çŸ©ããããããã§ãäžã®å Žåãšåæ§ç¡éåã®æ°åã®å€ãããå€ãã倧ãããªãããšãéèŠã§ãããããNãååšããŠn ⥠{\\displaystyle \\geq } N ãæºãããã¹ãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠä»»æã«åã£ã(倧ãã)Rã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãšãã a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ã¯nç¡é倧ã§æ£ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ãããšããããã®ããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°å",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãã®æ°åãäžã®å®çŸ©ãçšãããšãã«æ£ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããšã瀺ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããNã®éžã³æ¹ãéèŠã§ãããããã§ã¯ãããRã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšéžã¹ã°ããããã®å Žåãã©ã®ãããª(倧ãã)Rãåã£ããšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããããªæŽæ°Nãéžã¶ãšããã以éã®å
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãå€Rã¯ãããã§ã倧ããã§ããã®ã§ããã®ããšã¯æ°åã®çºæ£ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããŠããããã£ãŠãæ°å",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯nç¡é倧ã§æ£ã®ç¡é倧ãžãšçºæ£ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãæ§ã«ããŠã ããNãååšããŠn ⥠{\\displaystyle \\geq } N ãæºãããã¹ãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠä»»æã«åã£ã(å°ãã)Rã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãšãã a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ã¯nç¡é倧ã§è² ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ãããšããããã®ããšã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã¡ã®ãããã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããªãå ŽåããããäŸãã°ã次ã®å Žåã¯æ°åã¯ã©ã®å€ã«åæããããšããªããããæ°åã¯æ¥µéå€ãæããªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãäžã®å®çŸ©ã®ããããæºãããªãããšã瀺ãããã®æ°åãåæãçºæ£ãããªãããšãå°åºããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšããéåžžã«å€§ããªNãåã£ããšããŠãããã®Nããå
ã®å
šãŠã®nã«ã€ã㊠a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ãããããŠaã«è¿ãå€ã«çãŸããããªaã¯ååšããªããäŸãã°ãa = 1ãšåã£ããšãããšãããå€kã«ãããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããäž¡è
ã¯éåžžã«è¿ããªããããããn=k+1ã«ãããŠã¯æ¢ã«ããã®å€ã¯-1ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããä»»æã«å°ããæ° Îµ {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã«å¯ŸããŠããå°ããæ°ã§ããç¶ããããšã¯ã§ããªããããã¯ã©ãã»ã©å€§ããªkããšã£ãŠãããããã¯a = -1 ãããã¯ãã以å€ã®éãéžãã§ãåãã§ããããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯nç¡é倧ã§ããå€ã«åæããããšã¯ç¡ããäžæ¹ããã®æ°åã¯1ãš-1ããå€ãåããªããããã©ã®ãããªæ°ããã倧ãããªããããªæ°åã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯æ£è² ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããšããªãããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯åæãçºæ£ãããªãããšã瀺ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããåºé I {\\displaystyle I} ã«ãããŠå®çŸ©ãããé¢æ° f {\\displaystyle f} ã a â I {\\displaystyle a\\in I} ã§é£ç¶ãšã¯ã ã©ã㪠ε > 0 {\\displaystyle \\epsilon >0} ã«ã€ããŠã,ãã ÎŽ > 0 {\\displaystyle \\delta >0} ãååšã㊠| x â a | < ÎŽ {\\displaystyle |x-a|<\\delta } ãæºããå
šãŠã® x ( â I ) {\\displaystyle x(\\in I)} ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšã§ããã åºéIã®å
šãŠã®ç¹ã§é£ç¶ã®ãšããé¢æ°fã¯Iäžã§é£ç¶ã§ãããšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "nå埮åã f ( n ) = ( f ( n â 1 ) ) â² {\\displaystyle f^{(n)}=(f^{(n-1)})'} ã§å®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããé¢æ° f(x)ã«ã€ããŠãfãå®çŸ©ãããå
šãŠã®å®æ°ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã( Ο {\\displaystyle \\xi } ã¯aãšxã®éã«ãã,ããå®æ°ã)ãããçºèŠè
ã«ã¡ãªãã§w:ãã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ãšåŒã¶ãããã¯è€éãªé¢æ°ãã¹ãçŽæ°ãšããæ¯èŒçåããæãé¢æ°ã§è¿äŒŒããããšãåºæ¥ããšããããšãè¡šããå®çã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§è¿°ã¹ããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ã¯n次ãŸã§ã®ã¹ãçŽæ°ã«ãã£ãŠå±éããããããæ§è³ªã®ããé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯æåŸã®ãããããé
ããã®å¯äžãç¡éã«å°ãããªããåã«ãã®é
ãããããããããç¡éåã§çœ®ãæããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãæãããããããããw:ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãšåŒã¶ããã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯çã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠx=0ã®ãŸããã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãå°åºããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããšãçšãããšããã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å®çŸ©ã®åŒã§",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ãã£ãŠã e x {\\displaystyle e^{x}} ã®x=0ã®ãŸããã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã©ãŒå±éãèãããå®éã«ã¯ãaãæŽæ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãã®å€ã¯éåžžã®ã¹ãçŽæ°å±éã«äžèŽãããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãx=0ã®ãŸããã§ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã 2次ã®ä»£æ°åŒã§ããã®ã§3é以éã®åŸ®åã¯0ã«ãªãããšãèæ
®ãããšããã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«éåžžã®å±éãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "aãæŽæ°ã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãã®å±éã¯ç¡éã«ç¶ãããã®å±éã®ä¿æ°ãaãæŽæ°ã®å Žåã®2é
å®çã®æ¡åŒµãšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ãã2é
å®æ°ãšåŒã¶å Žåããããããã§a㯠( 1 + x ) a {\\displaystyle (1+x)^{a}} ã®aã§ãããnã¯xã«ã€ããŠã®n次ã®é
ãè¡šããããã®ä¿æ°ãçšãããšããã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ãa= 1/2ã§ã¯ãx=0ã®ãŸããã®å±éã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããšããã2é
ç®ãŸã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã¡ããæ ¹æ°ãããã°ã©ããŸã§ã§ãå€ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin x {\\displaystyle \\sin x} ãš cos x {\\displaystyle \\cos x} ã¯åŸ®åã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«ç§»ãå€ããã®ã§ãã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯åæã«æ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãã詳ããèšç®ãããšãx = 0ã®ãŸããã§ã®å±éã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšãããã®å€ãšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å€ãæ¯èŒããå Žåã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é¢ä¿ã瀺åãããããã®é¢ä¿ã¯çºèŠè
ã®åã«ã¡ãªãã§w:ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãšåŒã°ããããã®å
¬åŒã®æ£åœåã¯è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã䜿ããªããšããŸããããªããããªã®ã§ãã®çš¿ã®ç¯å²ãè¶
ããããç©çæ°åŠII以éã§æ±ãããäºå®ã§ããããªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãçšãããšãäžè§é¢æ°ãææ°é¢æ°ãçšããŠè¡šãããšãã§ãããå
·äœçã«ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãçšããŠæ¥µéãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãããšããããäŸãã°ã x â 0 {\\displaystyle x\\rightarrow 0} ã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "aãå®æ°ãŸã㯠± â {\\displaystyle \\pm \\infty } ãšããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â a f ( x ) = lim x â a g ( x ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}f(x)=\\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}g(x)=0}",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â a f ( x ) = lim x â a g ( x ) = â {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}f(x)=\\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}g(x)=\\infty }",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lim x â a f ( x ) g ( x ) = lim x â a f â² ( x ) g â² ( x ) {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}{\\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=\\lim _{x\\rightarrow a}{\\frac {f'(x)}{g'(x)}}} äŸãã°ã lim x â 0 sin x x = lim x â 0 cos x 1 = 1 {\\displaystyle \\lim _{x\\rightarrow 0}{\\frac {\\sin x}{x}}=\\lim _{x\\rightarrow 0}{\\frac {\\cos x}{1}}=1} ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããåºéãèããåºéã现ããåå²ãããããã§ãããé¢æ°fã«å¯ŸããŠãåããããåºéã§ãã£ãšã倧ããéšåããšããåºéã®åºãããããŠã足ãåããããã®ããã®é¢æ°ã®äžç©åãšåŒã¶ãåæ§ã«ãã£ãšãå°ããéšåãåã足ãåããããã®ãé¢æ°ã®äžç©åãšåŒã¶ãäžç©åãšäžç©åãäžèŽãããšããããããã®é¢æ°ã®ç©åãšåŒã³ãfãç©åå¯èœãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Note:é£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã¯ç©åå¯èœã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°é¢æ° f ( x ) = { 1 (xisrational) 0 (xisirrational) {\\displaystyle f(x)={\\begin{cases}1~{\\textrm {(xisrational)}}\\\\0~{\\textrm {(xisirrational)}}\\end{cases}}} ã«ã€ããŠåºé 0 < x < 1 {\\displaystyle 0<x<1} ã§èãããšããã©ããªå°ããåºéã䜿ã£ãŠ 0 < x < 1 {\\displaystyle 0<x<1} ãåå²ãããšããŠãæçæ°ã®çš å¯æ§ã«ãããäžç©åã¯1,äžç©åã¯0ãšãªãããã£ãŠfã¯ç©åå¯èœã§ãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "w:åæ²ç·é¢æ°ã¯äžè§é¢æ°ãšé¢ä¿ã®æ·±ãäžé£ã®é¢æ°çŸ€ã§ããããããã¯ç©åãè¡ãããã®å€æ°å€æã§äœ¿ãããšãããã®ã§ãããã§å°å
¥ãããåæ²ç·é¢æ°ã¯æ¬¡ã®3ã€ã®é¢æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåæ²ç·é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã¯é¢ä¿åŒ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããã x 2 â y 2 = 1 {\\displaystyle x^{2}-y^{2}=1} ãåæ²ç·ã®é¢æ°è¡šç€ºã§ããããšããããã®é¢æ°ã¯åæ²ç·é¢æ°ãšåŒã°ãããäžã®åŒã¯äžè§é¢æ°ã®å¯Ÿå¿ç©ã§ãã cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1 {\\displaystyle \\cos ^{2}x+\\sin ^{2}x=1} ã«é¡äŒŒããŠãããããã®çµæã¯å¶ç¶ã§ã¯ãªããäžã®ãªã€ã©ãŒå
¬åŒã䜿ã£ãäžè§é¢æ°ã®åŒãèŠããšã sin i x = i sinh x , cos i x = cosh x , tan i x = i tanh x {\\displaystyle \\sin ix=i\\sinh x,\\cos ix=\\cosh x,\\tan ix=i\\tanh x} ãåŸãããããã®åŒã cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1 {\\displaystyle \\cos ^{2}x+\\sin ^{2}x=1} ã§x=izãšãããã®ã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã cosh 2 x â sinh 2 x = 1 {\\displaystyle \\cosh ^{2}x-\\sinh ^{2}x=1} ã®é¢ä¿ãåŸãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin â 1 x {\\displaystyle \\sin ^{-1}x} ã sin x {\\displaystyle \\sin x} ã®éé¢æ°ãšãããããã¯å€äŸ¡é¢æ°ã§ããã®ã§éåžž â Ï < y < Ï {\\displaystyle -\\pi <y<\\pi } ã®ç¯å²ãéžãã§çšããã åæ§ã« tan â 1 x {\\displaystyle \\tan ^{-1}x} ã â Ï < y < Ï {\\displaystyle -\\pi <y<\\pi } ã®ç¯å²ãéžãã§çšãããäžæ¹ cos â 1 x {\\displaystyle \\cos ^{-1}x} 㯠0 < y < 2 Ï {\\displaystyle 0<y<2\\pi } ã®ç¯å²ãéžãã§çšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå°åºããã y = sin x {\\displaystyle y=\\sin x} ãšããããã®ãšãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšåããããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã2çªç®ã®åŒãšã3çªç®ã®åŒãyã§ç©åããããšã§æ±ããåŒãåŸãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y = tan x {\\displaystyle y=\\tan x} ãšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®åŒã®2çªç®ã®åŒãšã3çªç®ã®åŒãyã§ç©åããããšã§æ±ããåŒãåŸãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "w:æçé¢æ°ã®ç©å",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æçé¢æ°ã¯å¿
ãw:åçé¢æ°ãçšããŠç©åã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æçé¢æ°ã®ç©åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã«æžãããšãåºæ¥ãã(P,Qã¯xã®æŽåŒã)ããã§ã次ã®ãããªæé ãå®è¡ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšã«ãã£ãŠã被ç©åé¢æ°ã®åæ¯ã®æ¬¡æ°ã¯ãäžã®åŒã®ååã®æ¬¡æ°ããäœããªããå²ãããšã§ããŸã£ãéšåã¯å¿
ããåæ°ã§ãªã圢ã«ãªãã®ã§(æ®éã®æ°ãx, x 2 {\\displaystyle x^{2}} ãªã©ã«ãªãã)ç©åã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "代æ°åŒã¯å¿
ãè€çŽ æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§å æ°å解ã§ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã®ã§ã(w:代æ°åŠã®åºæ¬å®ç) åæ¯ã¯å¿
ã(x-a)ã®ç©ã®åœ¢ã«æžãããããã§ãå
ã
ã®è¢«ç©åé¢æ°ãå®æ°ã ã£ããšãããšãå æ°å解ãããåŒã¯ãå¿
ãã ( x â a ) ( x â a â ) {\\displaystyle (x-a)(x-a^{*})} ã®åœ¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããã¯ãã§ããã(*ã¯è€çŽ å
±åœ¹)ãããã®2å æ°ãããåãããããšã«ãããšãçµå±ãããã®åŒã®åæ¯ã¯ã1次åŒã2次åŒã®ç©ã§æžããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããšãåããããããã¯å
±ã«åçé¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ç©åå¯èœã§ãããå®éãäžã®åŒã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããšãåãããäžã®åŒã«ã€ããŠã¯ããŸããåæ¯ãå¹³æ¹å®æãããšãåæ¯ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã«ãªãããããã§",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæãããããšãå
ã
ã®ç©åã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ããã®ãã¡ã®ç¬¬1é
ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããç©åã§ããããšãåããã次ã«ã第2é
ã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæãããããšãå®æ°å åãé€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã®ç©åã®çµæã¯ãã®ããŒãžã®äžã®æ¹ã§èŠãéãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãå
šãŠã®æçé¢æ°ã¯ãåçé¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ç©åã§ããããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšç®äŸãšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå®éã«èšç®ããŠã¿ãã èšç®ãè¡ãªããšãã«ã¯ãŸããååã®æ¬¡æ°ãåæ¯ã®æ¬¡æ°ãããäœãããšã確èªããã次ã«ãéšååæ°å解ãè¡ãªããããã®ãšãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããŠèšç®ããã°ãããããã§ãåæ¯ãéåãããšãååã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããã¯å
ã
ã®åŒã®ååã§ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšäžèŽããŠããªããŠã¯ãªããªãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã解ããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããå
ã®ç©åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«åž°çãããããããã®é
ã¯ã¯ããããåçé¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ç©åã§ãããå®éã«ç©åãè¡ãªããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããäžã§åŸãå€ãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢æ°ãæçæ°ã ãã§æžãããªãå Žåããã®åŒã¯ãã¯ãç©åãåºæ¥ããšã¯éããªããç°¡åã«ç©åãå®è¡ã§ããå Žåãæãããããã«ç©åã®ä»æ¹ãèŠåœãããªãå Žåããããå®ç©åã§ãã£ãããæ°å€çã«æ±ããããšãèããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžãããç¡çåŒãå«ãŸãããã以å€ã®ç¡çåŒãå«ãŸããªãå Žåã«ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæããããããšã§ããã®åŒãäžè§é¢æ°ã®ç©åã«çœ®ãæããããšãåºæ¥ããäžè§é¢æ°ã®ç©åã¯ãåŸã«è¿°ã¹ãéãæçé¢æ°ã®ç©åã«åž°çãããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ããã®ç©åã¯è§£æçã«å®è¡ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžãããç¡çåŒãå«ãŸãããã以å€ã®ç¡çåŒãå«ãŸããªãå Žåã«ã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæããããããšã§ããã®åŒãäžè§é¢æ°ã®ç©åã«çœ®ãæããããšãåºæ¥ãã (",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é¢ä¿ãçšããŠãæ ¹å·ãæ¶ãããšãåºæ¥ãã )",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§é¢æ°",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã ããå«ãã ç©åã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæããããããšã§ããããæçé¢æ°ã®ç©åã«åž°çãããããšãã§ãããå®éã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«tã«ã€ããŠã®æçé¢æ°ã«åž°çããããšãåããããã£ãŠãäžè§é¢æ°ã ãã®é¢æ°ã¯åçé¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ç©åããåŸãããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(III)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(IV)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããç©åããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããã®åŒã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çãããšãããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡蟺ãçããããšããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã£ãŠå§ãã®åŒã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®é¢æ°ãxã§ç©åãããš",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã (II)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããã®åŒã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çãããšä»®å®ãããšã䞡蟺ã®åæ¯ãæ¯èŒããããšã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã解ããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã£ãŠå
ã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããæŽã«ãã®åŒã®ç¬¬2é
ã«ã€ããŠãé
ã®ååã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãæããããäºã«æ³šç®ãããšãå
ã®åŒã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ããã®åŒã®1, 2é
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç°¡åã«ç©åã§ããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããæåŸã«ç¬¬3é
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšã«æ³šç®ãããšã t = 2 x â 1 , d t = 2 d x {\\displaystyle t=2x-1,dt=2dx} ã®çœ®ãæããããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã£ãŠãå
šäœããŸãšãããšç©åå€ãšããŠ",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(III)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(IV)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãèæ
®ãããšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããå¥ã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã®ã§ã䞡蟺ãç©åããŠçµæãåŸãŠãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å€æ°ã§å®çŸ©ãããé¢æ°fããããšãã®ããå€æ°ã®ã¿ã察象ã«ãã埮åãäŸãã° lim h â 0 f ( x 1 + h , . . . , x n ) â f ( x 1 , . . . , x n ) h {\\displaystyle \\lim _{h\\rightarrow 0}{\\frac {f(x_{1}+h,...,x_{n})-f(x_{1},...,x_{n})}{h}}} ã f x {\\displaystyle f_{x}} ã â f â x 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {f}}{\\partial {x_{1}}}}} ã ( â f â x 1 ) x 2 , x 3 . . . {\\displaystyle ({\\frac {\\partial {f}}{\\partial {x_{1}}}})_{x_{2},x_{3}...}} ãšæžãå埮åãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å€æ°é¢æ°ã§ã¯ããããç¬ç«å€æ°ã«ããå埮åããã¹ãŠ0ã«ãªãç¹ã§ãé¢æ°ãæ倧å€ãŸãã¯æå°å€ãåãããšãæåŸ
ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã° f = x 2 + y 2 {\\displaystyle f=x^{2}+y^{2}} ã§ã¯ã â f â x = 2 x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {f}}{\\partial {x}}}=2x} â f â y = 2 y {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {f}}{\\partial {y}}}=2y} ã§ããã®ã§ã x = 0 , y = 0 {\\displaystyle x=0,y=0} ã§ã極倧å€ãŸãã¯æ¥µå°å€ãåãããšãæåŸ
ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2å€æ°é¢æ° f ( x , y ) {\\displaystyle f(x,y)} ã«ãããŠãç¹ ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle (a,b)} 㧠f x ( a , b ) = f y ( a , b ) = 0 {\\displaystyle f_{x}(a,b)=f_{y}(a,b)=0} ãšãããå€å¥åŒDã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "D > 0 {\\displaystyle D>0} ã®ãšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "D < 0 {\\displaystyle D<0} ã®ãšãã¯ã極å€ã¯ãšããªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2å€æ°é¢æ° f ( x , y ) {\\displaystyle f(x,y)} ã«ãããå
šåŸ®åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ããããäŸãã° f ( x , y ) = x 2 + y 2 {\\displaystyle f(x,y)=x^{2}+y^{2}} ã«ãããå
šåŸ®åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããåæ§ã«nå€æ°é¢æ° f ( x 1 , x 2 , ⯠, x n ) {\\displaystyle f(x_{1},x_{2},\\cdots ,x_{n})} ã«ãããå
šåŸ®åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã»è¡åã¯2éå埮åã«ãã£ãŠäœãããè¡å H = [ â 2 f â x i x j ( P ) ] {\\displaystyle H=\\left[{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}{f}}{\\partial x_{i}x_{j}}}(P)\\right]} ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹Pãã â f â x 1 ( P ) = â f â x 2 ( P ) = ⯠â f â x n ( P ) = 0 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial x_{1}}}(P)={\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial x_{2}}}(P)=\\cdots {\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial x_{n}}}(P)=0} ãªãç¹(w:èšçç¹)ãšãããããã»è¡åã®Pã«ãããåºæå€ãå
šãŠæ£ã§ããã°ãé¢æ°ã¯ç¹Pã§æ¥µå°å€ãæã¡ãå
šãŠè² ã§ããã°ãç¹Pã§æ¥µå€§å€ãæã€ãã©ã¡ãã§ããªããªãç¹Pã¯w:éç¹ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã f = x 2 + y 2 {\\displaystyle f=x^{2}+y^{2}} ã«ã€ããŠãèšçç¹(0,0)ã«ãããããã»è¡åã¯ã H = ( â 2 f â x 2 â 2 f â x â y â 2 f â y â x â 2 f â y 2 ) {\\displaystyle H={\\begin{pmatrix}{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}{f}}{\\partial {x}^{2}}}&{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial x\\partial y}}\\\\{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial y\\partial x}}&{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}{f}}{\\partial {y}^{2}}}\\end{pmatrix}}} = ( 2 0 0 2 ) {\\displaystyle ={\\begin{pmatrix}2&0\\\\0&2\\end{pmatrix}}} ãšãªããåºæå€ã¯2ã§ããã®ã§ãç¹(0,0)ã¯fã®æ¥µå°å€ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããããé¢æ°ããããšãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãååšãããšãããšããã®é¢æ°ã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã«(å±æçã«ã¯)è¡šããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³èŸºã®åœ¢ã¯å°ãåŠã«èŠããããç¥ããªããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(a,bã¯å®æ°)ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããšãäžã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠãããéåžžã®ä»æ¹ã§èŠãyã®åŸããšäžèŽããŠããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çã¯çµå±ã®ãšããã©ããªè€éãªæ²ç·ã§ããããç¹ã®ããè¿ãã«éãã°ãããã¯ã»ãšãã©çŽç·ãšåãæ§ã«ãªã£ãŠãããšããããšãè¿°ã¹ãŠããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "F(x,y) = 0ã®åœ¢ã®æ¡ä»¶ã課ããããäžã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ倧å€ãæ±ããåé¡ãèããããã®ãšã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æ°ããé¢æ°gãå®çŸ©ãã ( λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã¯ããå®æ°)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããã x , y , λ {\\displaystyle x,y,\\lambda } ãèšç®ãããåŸãããç¹ã極倧ã極å°å€ãåãç¹ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠããã®æ¹æ³ãé©çšããŠã¿ãã極å€ã¯ã(å³ãæžããŠã¿ããš)",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§çŸããããšæåŸ
ãããã ãã®åŒã®å Žåã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã代å
¥ããããšã§çãåŸãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¹å®æãã圢ã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã確ãã«",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æ¥µå€ãåãããšãåãããæªå®å®æ°æ³ãçšãããš",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ããã§ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããã¯x,y, λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã«ã€ããŠã®é£ç«1次æ¹çšåŒãšãªã£ãŠãããããã解ããšãçã¯ã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«æ£ç¢ºãªå€ãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€æ°ã®æåã«ã€ããŠç©åãè¡ãªããšããããå€éç©åãšåŒã¶ãäŸãã°ã â«â« f ( x , y ) d x d y {\\displaystyle \\iint f(x,y)dxdy}",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â«â« f ( x , y ) d x d y {\\displaystyle \\iint f(x,y)dxdy} ã¯ã â«â« f ( x , y ) d x d y {\\displaystyle \\iint f(x,y)dxdy} = â« d y ( â« f d x ) = â« d x ( â« f d y ) {\\displaystyle =\\int dy(\\int fdx)=\\int dx(\\int fdy)} ã§æžãå€ããããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ãŠã¹ç©å â« â â â e â x 2 d x = Ï {\\displaystyle \\int _{-\\infty }^{\\infty }e^{-x^{2}}dx={\\sqrt {\\pi }}} ã®å°åºã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã: â« â â â e â a x 2 d x {\\displaystyle \\int _{-\\infty }^{\\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}dx} ã®ç©åã¯",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ã³ãé¢æ°ã¯ Î ( t ) = â« 0 â x t â 1 e â x d x {\\displaystyle \\Gamma (t)=\\int _{0}^{\\infty }x^{t-1}e^{-x}dx} ã§å®çŸ©ãããé¢æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒã¿é¢æ°ã¯ B ( p , q ) = â« 0 1 x p â 1 ( 1 â x ) q â 1 d x {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {B} (p,q)=\\int _{0}^{1}x^{p-1}(1-x)^{q-1}dx} ã§å®çŸ©ãããé¢æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â n = 1 â 1 n α {\\displaystyle \\sum _{n=1}^{\\infty }{\\frac {1}{n^{\\alpha }}}} ã¯ã α =< 1 {\\displaystyle \\alpha =<1} ã®ãšãçºæ£ãã α > 1 {\\displaystyle \\alpha >1} ã®ãšãåæããã",
"title": "解æåŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "TODO",
"title": "解æåŠ"
}
] | ç©çæ°åŠI > 解æåŠ | <small> [[ç©çæ°åŠI]] > 解æåŠ</small>
----
==解æåŠ==
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å®æ°a,bã«åæããæ°å<math>a _n</math>,<math>b _n</math>ã«å¯ŸããŠã
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:<math>
\lim (a _n + b _n) = a + b
</math>
(II)
:<math>
\lim (a _n \times b _n) = a b
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
*å°åº
(I)ã«ã€ããŠãæ°å<math>a _n</math>ãaã«åæããããšãããããå®æ°<math>\epsilon _1</math>ãåã£ããšããããå®æ°<math>N _1</math>ãååšãã<math>N _1 < n</math>ãæºããå
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
|a _n - a | < \epsilon _1
</math>
ãæç«ãããåæ§ã«æ°å<math>b _n</math>ãbã«åæããããšãããããå®æ°<math>\epsilon _2</math>ãåã£ããšããããå®æ°<math>N _2</math>ãååšãã<math>N _2 < n</math>ãæºããå
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
|b _n -b | < \epsilon _2
</math>
ãååšããã
ããã§ã
:<math>
a _n + b _n
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
N = \textrm{max} (N _1,N _2)
</math>
ãšãããšããå
šãŠã®<math>n>N</math>ãæºããæŽæ°nã«å¯ŸããŠ
:<math>
| a _n + b _n - ( a+b)|
</math>
ãèšç®ãããšããã®éã¯äžè§äžçåŒãçšããããšã§ã
:<math>
< | a _n - a | + |b _n - b|
</math>
:<math>
< \epsilon _1 + \epsilon _ 2
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããããã<math>\epsilon _1</math>,<math>\epsilon _2</math>ã¯Nã倧ããåãããšã§ãããã§ãå°ããã§ãããããå
šãŠã®<math>\epsilon</math>ã«å¯ŸããŠ
:<math>
\epsilon _1 + \epsilon _ 2 < \epsilon
</math>
ãšãªããããªæŽæ°Nãååšããããã£ãŠã
:<math>
\lim ( a _n + b _n) = a+b
</math>
ã瀺ãããã
(II)
åæ§ã«
:<math>
a _n b _n
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
| a _n b _n - ab|
</math>
ã¯ã
:<math>
= | a _n ( b _n - b) + b (a _n - a) |
</math>
:<math>
\le |a _n ( b _n - b) | + |b| |a _n - a |
</math>
ãšãªããããã§ã<math>n>N</math>ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯
:<math>
a - \epsilon _1< a _n < a + \epsilon _1
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããšã«æ³šç®ãããšã
:<math>
< ( a + \epsilon _ 1 ) \epsilon _2 + |b| \epsilon _1
</math>
ãåŸããããããã§ã<math>\epsilon _1</math>,<math>\epsilon _2</math>ã¯Nã倧ããåãããšã§ãããã§ãå°ããã§ãããããa,bãæéã®ãšãa,bã®å€ã«é¢ãããäžã®å€ã¯éããªãå°ãããªãããã£ãŠã
:<math>
\lim (a _n \times b _n) = a b
</math>
ã瀺ãããã
**åé¡
次ã®æ°å
:<math>
n \rightarrow \infty
</math>
ã®æ¥µéå€ãæ±ããã
(I)
:<math>
\lim ( 1 + \frac 1 n)
</math>
(II)
:<math>
\lim ( 2 \times \frac 1 n)
</math>
**解ç
äžã®çµæã§ãã
(I)
:<math>
\lim (a _n + b _n) = a + b
</math>
(II)
:<math>
\lim (a _n b _n) = a b
</math>
ãçšããã°ããããã ããå®æ°ã¯å
šãŠã®nã«å¯ŸããŠåãæ°ãåãæ°åãšããŠæ±ãã
(I)
:<math>
\lim ( 1 + \frac 1 n)
</math>
ã¯ã1ã¯æ¥µéå€1ããšã
:<math>
\frac 1 n
</math>
ã¯ã極éå€0ãåãããšããã
:<math>
\lim ( 1 + \frac 1 n) = 1 +0 =1
</math>
ãšãªãã
(II)
:<math>
\lim ( 2 \times \frac 1 n)
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠã2ã¯ã極éå€2ãåãã
:<math>
\frac 1 n
</math>
ã¯æ¥µéå€0ãåãããšããã
:<math>
\lim ( 2 \times \frac 1 n) = 2 \times 0 = 0
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ãäžè¬ã«å®æ°åãå®æ°ã®è¶³ãç®ã¯ã極éå€ã«å®æ°åãå®æ°ã®è¶³ãç®ãããã°ããã
次ã«æ°åã®çºæ£ã®å®çŸ©ããããããã§ãäžã®å Žåãšåæ§ç¡éåã®æ°åã®å€ãããå€ãã倧ãããªãããšãéèŠã§ãããããNãååšããŠn <math>\ge</math> N ãæºãããã¹ãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠä»»æã«åã£ã(倧ãã)Rã«å¯ŸããŠã
:<math>
a _n > R
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ãšãã<math>a _n</math>ã¯nç¡é倧ã§æ£ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ãããšããããã®ããšã
:<math>
\lim a _n = \infty
</math>
ãšæžãããã
*åé¡äŸ
**åé¡
:æ£ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããäŸ
æ°å
:<math>
a _n = n
</math>
ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãã®æ°åãäžã®å®çŸ©ãçšãããšãã«æ£ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããšã瀺ãã
**解ç
ããã§ããNã®éžã³æ¹ãéèŠã§ãããããã§ã¯ãããRã«å¯ŸããŠ
:<math>
N \ge R
</math>
ãšéžã¹ã°ããããã®å Žåãã©ã®ãããª(倧ãã)Rãåã£ããšããŠã
:<math>
N \ge R
</math>
ãæºãããããªæŽæ°Nãéžã¶ãšããã以éã®å
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠ
:<math>
a _n = n \ge R = N
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ãå€Rã¯ãããã§ã倧ããã§ããã®ã§ããã®ããšã¯æ°åã®çºæ£ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããŠããããã£ãŠãæ°å
:<math>
a _n = n
</math>
ã¯nç¡é倧ã§æ£ã®ç¡é倧ãžãšçºæ£ããã
åãæ§ã«ããŠã ããNãååšããŠn <math>\ge</math> N ãæºãããã¹ãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠä»»æã«åã£ã(å°ãã)Rã«å¯ŸããŠã
:<math>
a _n < R
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ãšãã<math>a _n</math>ã¯nç¡é倧ã§è² ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ãããšããããã®ããšã¯
:<math>
\lim a _n = - \infty
</math>
ãšæžãããã
ãã®ãã¡ã®ãããã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããªãå ŽåããããäŸãã°ã次ã®å Žåã¯æ°åã¯ã©ã®å€ã«åæããããšããªããããæ°åã¯æ¥µéå€ãæããªãã
*åé¡äŸ
**åé¡
:ããæéå€ã«åæããªãå Žå
:<math>
a _n = (-1)^n
</math>
ãäžã®å®çŸ©ã®ããããæºãããªãããšã瀺ãããã®æ°åãåæãçºæ£ãããªãããšãå°åºããã
**解ç
ãã®ãšããéåžžã«å€§ããªNãåã£ããšããŠãããã®Nããå
ã®å
šãŠã®nã«ã€ããŠ<math>a _n</math>ãããããŠaã«è¿ãå€ã«çãŸããããªaã¯ååšããªããäŸãã°ãa = 1ãšåã£ããšãããšãããå€kã«ãããŠ
:<math>
a _n - a = 0
</math>
ãšãªããäž¡è
ã¯éåžžã«è¿ããªããããããn=k+1ã«ãããŠã¯æ¢ã«ããã®å€ã¯-1ãšãªãã
:<math>
|a _n - a| = 2
</math>
ãšãªããä»»æã«å°ããæ°<math>\epsilon</math>ã«å¯ŸããŠããå°ããæ°ã§ããç¶ããããšã¯ã§ããªããããã¯ã©ãã»ã©å€§ããªkããšã£ãŠãããããã¯a = -1 ãããã¯ãã以å€ã®éãéžãã§ãåãã§ããããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯nç¡é倧ã§ããå€ã«åæããããšã¯ç¡ããäžæ¹ããã®æ°åã¯1ãš-1ããå€ãåããªããããã©ã®ãããªæ°ããã倧ãããªããããªæ°åã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯æ£è² ã®ç¡é倧ã«çºæ£ããããšããªãããã£ãŠããã®æ°åã¯åæãçºæ£ãããªãããšã瀺ãããã
====é£ç¶ã®å®çŸ©====
ããåºé<math>I</math>ã«ãããŠå®çŸ©ãããé¢æ°<math>f</math>ã<math>a \in I</math>ã§é£ç¶ãšã¯ã<br/>
ã©ããª<math>\epsilon >0</math>ã«ã€ããŠã,ãã<math>\delta>0</math>ãååšããŠ<br/>
<math>|x - a| <\delta</math>ãæºããå
šãŠã®<math>x(\in I)</math> ã«ã€ããŠ
:<math>
| f (x) - f(a)| < \epsilon
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããšã§ããã<br/>
åºéã®å
šãŠã®ç¹ã§é£ç¶ã®ãšããé¢æ°fã¯ïŒ©äžã§é£ç¶ã§ãããšåŒã¶ã
====è€æ°å埮åã®å®çŸ©====
nå埮åã
<math>
f^{(n)} = (f^{(n-1)})'
</math>
ã§å®çŸ©ããã
====ãã€ã©ãŒå±é====
=====ãã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ã®å®çŸ©=====
ããé¢æ°
f(x)ã«ã€ããŠãfãå®çŸ©ãããå
šãŠã®å®æ°ã«ã€ããŠ
:<math>
f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x -a ) + \frac 1 2 f''(a) (x - a)^2 + ... +
\frac 1 {n!} f ^{(n)} (\xi ) (x -a)^n
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã(<math>\xi</math>ã¯aãšxã®éã«ãã,ããå®æ°ã)ãããçºèŠè
ã«ã¡ãªãã§[[w:ãã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°]]ãšåŒã¶ãããã¯è€éãªé¢æ°ãã¹ãçŽæ°ãšããæ¯èŒçåããæãé¢æ°ã§è¿äŒŒããããšãåºæ¥ããšããããšãè¡šããå®çã§ããã
=====ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å®çŸ©=====
äžã§è¿°ã¹ããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ã¯n次ãŸã§ã®ã¹ãçŽæ°ã«ãã£ãŠå±éããããããæ§è³ªã®ããé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯æåŸã®ãããããé
ããã®å¯äžãç¡éã«å°ãããªããåã«ãã®é
ãããããããããç¡éåã§çœ®ãæããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšããã€ã©ãŒçŽæ°ã¯
:<math>
f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x -a ) + \frac 1 2 f''(a) (x - a)^2 + \cdots +
\frac 1 {n!} f ^{(n)} (a ) (x -a)^n + \cdots
</math>
ãšæžãæããããããããã[[w:ãã€ã©ãŒå±é]]ãšåŒã¶ããã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯çã
:<math>
f(x) = \sum _ {n=0} ^{\infty} \frac 1 {n!} f^{(n)} (a) (x-a) ^n
</math>
ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ãã
=====éèŠãªãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®äŸ=====
======eã®xä¹ã®äŸ======
:<math>
f(x) = e^x
</math>
ã«å¯ŸããŠx=0ã®ãŸããã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãå°åºããã
:<math>
f(x) = f'(x)=f''(x)= \cdots = f^{(n)}(x) = \cdots = e^x
</math>
ã§ããããšãçšãããšããã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å®çŸ©ã®åŒã§
:<math>
f^{(n)}(a)= f^{(n)}(0)=1
</math>
ãåŸãããã
ãã£ãŠã<math>e^x</math>ã®x=0ã®ãŸããã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã
:<math>
e^x = \sum _n \frac 1 {n!} x^n
</math>
ãšãªãã
======1+xã®aä¹ã®äŸ (aã¯å®æ°)======
:<math>
(1+x)^a
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã©ãŒå±éãèãããå®éã«ã¯ãaãæŽæ°ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãã®å€ã¯éåžžã®ã¹ãçŽæ°å±éã«äžèŽãããäŸãã°ã
:<math>
(1+x)^2
</math>
ãx=0ã®ãŸããã§ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãããšã
:<math>
f(0) = 1
</math>
:<math>
f'(0) = 2
</math>
:<math>
f''(0) = 2
</math>
ãšãªãã
2次ã®ä»£æ°åŒã§ããã®ã§3é以éã®åŸ®åã¯0ã«ãªãããšãèæ
®ãããšããã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
(1+x)^2 &= 1 + \frac 1 {1!} + 2 \cdot x + \frac 1 {2!} 2 x^2\\
&= 1 + 2x + x^2
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãšãªãã確ãã«éåžžã®å±éãšäžèŽããã
aãæŽæ°ã§ãªãå Žåã«ã¯ãã®å±éã¯ç¡éã«ç¶ãããã®å±éã®ä¿æ°ãaãæŽæ°ã®å Žåã®2é
å®çã®æ¡åŒµãšããŠã
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a\\
n
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ãšå®çŸ©ãã2é
å®æ°ãšåŒã¶å Žåããããããã§aã¯<math>(1+x)^a</math>ã®aã§ãããnã¯xã«ã€ããŠã®n次ã®é
ãè¡šããããã®ä¿æ°ãçšãããšããã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯ã
:<math>
(1+x)^a = \sum _{n=0}^{\infty}
\begin{pmatrix}
a\\
n
\end{pmatrix}
x^n
</math>
ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ããäŸãã°ãa= 1/2ã§ã¯ãx=0ã®ãŸããã®å±éã«ã€ããŠ
:<math>
(1+x)^{1/2}
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
f(0) = 1
</math>
:<math>
f'(0) =\frac 1 2
</math>
:<math>
f''(0) = -\frac 1 4
</math>
ãåŸãããããšããã2é
ç®ãŸã§ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãšããŠã
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
(1+x)^{1/2}&= 1 + \frac 1 2 x + \frac 1 2 \cdot ( - \frac 1 4 ) x^2 + \cdots\\
&= 1 + \frac 1 2 x - \frac 1 8 x^2 + \cdots
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãåŸãããããã¡ããæ ¹æ°ãããã°ã©ããŸã§ã§ãå€ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãããã£ãŠã
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1/2\\
0
\end{pmatrix}
=1
</math>
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1/2\\
1
\end{pmatrix}
=1/2
</math>
:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
1/2\\
2
\end{pmatrix}
=-1/8
</math>
ãåŸãããã
======sin x, cos xã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±é======
<math>\sin x</math>ãš<math>\cos x</math>ã¯åŸ®åã«ãã£ãŠäºãã«ç§»ãå€ããã®ã§ãã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã¯åæã«æ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãã詳ããèšç®ãããšãx = 0ã®ãŸããã§ã®å±éã¯
:<math>
\sin x = \sum _{n=1} ^{\infty} (-1)^n\frac 1 {(2n-1)!} x^{2n-1}
</math>
:<math>
\cos x = \sum _{n=0} ^{\infty} (-1)^n\frac 1 {(2n)!} x^{2n}
</math>
ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšãããã®å€ãšã
:<math>
e^{ix}
</math>
ã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å€ãæ¯èŒããå Žåã
:<math>
e^{ix} = \cos x + i\sin x
</math>
ã®é¢ä¿ã瀺åãããããã®é¢ä¿ã¯çºèŠè
ã®åã«ã¡ãªãã§[[w:ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒ]]ãšåŒã°ããããã®å
¬åŒã®æ£åœåã¯è€çŽ é¢æ°è«ã䜿ããªããšããŸããããªããããªã®ã§ãã®çš¿ã®ç¯å²ãè¶
ãããã[[ç©çæ°åŠII]]以éã§æ±ãããäºå®ã§ããã<!-- ããããä»åŸã¯ãã®é¢ä¿ãæããç¡ã䜿ãããšãããã®ã§æ³šæããŠæ¬²ããã
å®éããã®é¢ä¿ãç¡ããšå€å
žååŠã§ããåæ¯åã®æ¹çšåŒã
ãããªã解ããªããªãã®ã§ãã®é¢ä¿ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ããã-->ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãçšãããšãäžè§é¢æ°ãææ°é¢æ°ãçšããŠè¡šãããšãã§ãããå
·äœçã«ã¯ã
:<math>
\cos x = \frac {e^{ix} + e^{-ix}}2, \sin x = \frac{e^{ix} - e^{-ix}}{2i}, \tan x =\frac 1 i \frac{e^{ix} - e^{-ix}}{e^{ix} + e^{-ix}}
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
*åé¡äŸ
*:äžã®çµæã確ãããã
*ã³ãŒããŒãã¬ã€ã¯
*:'''[[2ã®iä¹ã®æ±ãæ¹]]'''
======ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãçšããé¢æ°ã®æ¥µéã®èšç®======
ãã€ã©ãŒå±éãçšããŠæ¥µéãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãããšããããäŸãã°ã
<math>x
\rightarrow 0</math>ã§ã
:<math>
\frac {e^x -1} x = \frac {x + x^2/2 + \cdots } x = 1 + x/2 \rightarrow 1
</math>
ãšãªãã
====ããã¿ã«ã®å®ç====
aãå®æ°ãŸãã¯<math>\plusmn \infin</math>ãšããŠ
<math>
\lim _{x \rightarrow a}f(x) = \lim _{x \rightarrow a}g(x) = 0
</math>
ãŸãã¯
<math>
\lim _{x \rightarrow a}f(x) = \lim _{x \rightarrow a}g(x) = \infin
</math>
ãšãªã埮åå¯èœãªé¢æ°ã«ã€ããŠ
<math>
\lim _{x \rightarrow a} \frac { f(x)}{g(x)} = \lim _{x \rightarrow a} \frac { f'(x)}{g'(x)}
</math>
äŸãã°ã
<math>
\lim _{x\rightarrow 0} \frac {\sin x} x = \lim _{x\rightarrow 0} \frac {\cos x} 1 = 1
</math>
ãšãªãã
====ç©åã®å®çŸ©====
ããåºéãèããåºéã现ããåå²ãããããã§ãããé¢æ°fã«å¯ŸããŠãåããããåºéã§ãã£ãšã倧ããéšåããšããåºéã®åºãããããŠã足ãåããããã®ããã®é¢æ°ã®äžç©åãšåŒã¶ãåæ§ã«ãã£ãšãå°ããéšåãåã足ãåããããã®ãé¢æ°ã®äžç©åãšåŒã¶ãäžç©åãšäžç©åãäžèŽãããšããããããã®é¢æ°ã®ç©åãšåŒã³ãfãç©åå¯èœãšåŒã¶ã
Note:é£ç¶ãªé¢æ°ã¯ç©åå¯èœã§ããã
*äžç©åãšäžç©åãäžèŽããªãäŸ
äŸãã°é¢æ°
<math>
f (x) =
\begin{cases}
1 ~ \textrm{(x is rational)} \\
0 ~ \textrm{(x is irrational)}
\end{cases}
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠåºé<math>0<x<1</math>ã§èãããšããã©ããªå°ããåºéã䜿ã£ãŠ<math>0<x<1</math>ãåå²ãããšããŠãæçæ°ã®çš å¯æ§ã«ãããäžç©åã¯1,äžç©åã¯0ãšãªãããã£ãŠfã¯ç©åå¯èœã§ãªãã
====åæ²ç·é¢æ°====
[[w:åæ²ç·é¢æ°]]ã¯äžè§é¢æ°ãšé¢ä¿ã®æ·±ãäžé£ã®é¢æ°çŸ€ã§ããããããã¯ç©åãè¡ãããã®å€æ°å€æã§äœ¿ãããšãããã®ã§ãããã§å°å
¥ãããåæ²ç·é¢æ°ã¯æ¬¡ã®3ã€ã®é¢æ°ã§ããã
:<math>
\sinh x = \frac {e^x - e^{-x}} 2
</math>
:<math>
\cosh x = \frac {e^x + e^{-x}} 2
</math>
:<math>
\tanh x = \frac {\sinh x} {\cosh x}
</math>
ãåæ²ç·é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã
:ããããã®ã°ã©ã
ãããã¯é¢ä¿åŒ
:<math>
\cosh ^2 x - \sinh ^2 x = 1
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\int dx \frac 1 {\sqrt{1-x^2}} = \textrm{Arcsin} x
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:<math>
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:<math>
\frac{d{y}}{d{x}} = \cos x
</math>
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\frac{d{x}}{d{y}} &= \frac 1 {\cos x }\\
&= \frac 1 {\sqrt { 1 - (\sin x)^2} }\\
&= \frac 1 {\sqrt { 1 - y^2} }\\
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãã£ãŠã
:<math>
x = \sin ^{-1} y
</math>
ãšåããããšã
:<math>
\frac{d{x}}{d{y}} = \frac{d(\sin ^{-1} y)}{dy} = \frac 1 {\sqrt { 1 - y^2} }
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\frac{d{y}}{d{x}} = \frac 1 {\cos ^2 x}
</math>
ããã
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\frac{d{x}}{d{y}} &= \cos ^2 x\\
&= \frac 1 {1+\tan^2 x } \\
&= \frac 1 {1+y^2 } \\
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãšãªãããã£ãŠã
:<math>
\frac{d{x}}{d{y}} = \frac{d(\tan^{-1}y)}{dy} = \frac 1 {1+y^2}
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\int \frac 1 {x-a}
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\int \frac {x-b} {cx^2 + dx +e}
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:<math>
\int \frac 1 {x-a}
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:<math>
= \ln |x-a|
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c(x-\alpha) ^2 + \beta
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y=x-\alpha
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\int \frac {y+f} {y^2 +g}
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ã¯ã
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\int \frac y {y^2+g} dy\\
=& \int \frac 1 2 \frac 1 {y^2+g} dy^2\\
=& \frac 1 2 \ln (y^2 +g ) \\
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãåŸãããç©åã§ããããšãåããã次ã«ã第2é
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z = \sqrt {g} y
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= \tan^{-1} z
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\int dx \frac {x+3} {(x+2) (x^2+1) }
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\begin{matrix}
A+B = 0\\
A+2C = 3\\
2B+C = 1
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãåŸããããããã解ããšã
:<math>
A= \frac 1 5, B = - \frac 1 5, C = \frac 7 5
</math>
ãåŸããããå
ã®ç©åã¯
:<math>
\int dx (\frac 1 5 \cdot \frac 1 {x+2} + \frac {\frac{-1}5 x + \frac 7 5 }{x^2 +1} )
</math>
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:<math>
\int dx (\frac 1 5 \cdot \frac 1 {x+2} + \frac {\frac{-1}5 x + \frac 7 5 }{x^2 +1} )
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 1 5 \ln (x+2) -\frac 1 {10} \ln (x^2+1) + \frac 7 5 \tan^{-1} x
</math>
ãåŸãããäžã§åŸãå€ãšäžèŽããã
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\sqrt{1-x^2}
</math> ã®å Žåã
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\sqrt{1-x^2}
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x = \sin t ~\textrm{or}~ x = \cos t
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</math> ã®å Žåã
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\sqrt{1+x^2}
</math>
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x = \sinh t
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:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\sin x =& 2 \sin \frac x 2 \cos \frac x 2\\
=& 2 \tan \frac x 2 \cos^2 \frac x 2\\
=& \frac {2 \tan \frac x 2} {1+\tan ^2 \frac x 2}\\
=& \frac {2 t} {1+t^2}
\end{matrix}
</math>
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\cos x &= 2 \cos^2 \frac x 2 - 1\\
&= 2 \frac 1 {1+t^2} - 1\\
&= 2 \frac {1-t^2} {1+t^2}
\end{matrix}
</math>
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\tan x &= \frac {\sin x} {\cos x }\\
&= \frac {2t} {1-t^2}
\end{matrix}
</math>
ããã«ã
:<math>
dx = d(2\tan^{-1} t) = 2 \frac {dt} {1+t^2}
</math>
ãšãªãã確ãã«tã«ã€ããŠã®æçé¢æ°ã«åž°çããããšãåããããã£ãŠãäžè§é¢æ°ã ãã®é¢æ°ã¯åçé¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ç©åããåŸãããšãåãã£ãã
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*åé¡äŸ
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(I)
:<math>{{x+2}\over{x^2+5\,x+4}}</math>
(II)
:<math>{{x^2+3\,x+3}\over{2\,x^3-x+1}}</math>
(III)
:<math>{{\sin x}\over{\cos ^2x}}</math>
(IV)
:<math>
\int dx \frac 1 {1+\sin x}
</math>
ãããããç©åããã
**解ç
(I)
:<math>
\frac {x+2} {x^2+5x+4}
</math>
:<math>
=\frac {x+2} {(x+4)(x+1)}
</math>
ããã§ããã®åŒã
:<math>
\frac A{x+4} + \frac B {x+1}
</math>
ã«çãããšãããšã
:<math>
\frac {x+2} {(x+4)(x+1)}
=\frac 1 {(x+4)(x+1)} (A(x+1) + B(x+4))
</math>
䞡蟺ãçããããšããã
:<math>
A + B = 1, A+4B = 2
</math>
ãšãªãã
:<math>
B = \frac13, A = \frac23
</math>
ãåŸãããããã£ãŠå§ãã®åŒã«ã€ããŠã
:<math>
\frac {x+2} {x^2+5x+4}
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 13 \frac 1 {x+1} + \frac 23 \frac 1{x+4}
</math>
ãåŸãããããã®é¢æ°ãxã§ç©åãããš
:<math>
\frac 13 \ln (x+1) + \frac 23 \ln (x+4)
</math>
ãåŸãããã
(II)
:<math>
\frac {x^2 + 3x+3}{2x^3 - x +1}
</math>
:<math>
=\frac{x^2 + 3x+3}{(x+1)(2x^2 -2x +1)}
</math>
ããã§ããã®åŒã
:<math>
\frac A {x+1} + \frac {Bx +C }{2x^2 -2x + 1}
</math>
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:<math>
x^2 + 3x +3 = A(2x^2 -2x +1)+ (Bx+c)(x+1)
</math>
ãšãªãã
:<math>
2A+B = 1, -2A + B + C = 3, A+C = 3
</math>
ãåŸããããããã解ããšã
:<math>
A= \frac 15, B = \frac 3 5, C = \frac {14}5
</math>
ãåŸãããããã£ãŠå
ã®åŒã¯ã
:<math>
\frac 15 \frac 1 {x+1}+ \frac {\frac 3 5x + \frac {14}5}{2x^2-2x+1}
</math>
ãšãªããæŽã«ãã®åŒã®ç¬¬2é
ã«ã€ããŠãé
ã®ååã
:<math>
\frac 35(2x^2-2x+1)' \frac 14 + \frac 3 {20} \cdot 2 + \frac {14}5
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 3{20}(2x^2-2x+1)' + \frac {31} {10}
</math>
ãšæžãæããããäºã«æ³šç®ãããšãå
ã®åŒã¯
:<math>
\frac 15 \frac 1 {x+1}+ \frac {\frac 3 {20}(2x^2-2x+1)' }{2x^2-2x+1}
+ \frac {31}{10} \frac 1{2x^2-2x+1}
</math>
ãšãªããããã§ããã®åŒã®1, 2é
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç°¡åã«ç©åã§ããŠã
:<math>
\frac 15 \ln(x+1) + \frac 3{20} \ln (2x^2-2x+1)
</math>
ãåŸããããæåŸã«ç¬¬3é
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
:<math>
\frac 1{2x^2-2x+1} = \frac 2 {(2x-1)^2 + 1}
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããšã«æ³šç®ãããšã<math>t = 2x -1, dt = 2dx</math>ã®çœ®ãæããããŠã
:<math>
\int dx
\frac 2 {(2x-1)^2 + 1}
</math>
:<math>
= \int dt \frac 1{t^2 +1}
</math>
:<math>
= \textrm{Arctan} t = \textrm{Arctan} (2x-1)
</math>
ãåŸãããããã£ãŠãå
šäœããŸãšãããšç©åå€ãšããŠ
:<math>
\frac 15 \ln(x+1) + \frac 3{20} \ln (2x^2-2x+1)+\frac{31}{10}\textrm{Arctan} (2x-1)
</math>
ãåŸãããã
(III)
:<math>
\int \frac {\sin x}{\cos^2 x} dx
</math>
:<math>
= - \int
\frac {1}{\cos^2 x} d(\cos x)
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 1 {\cos x}
</math>
(IV)
:<math>
t = \tan (\frac x 2)
</math>
ãšãããšãã
:<math>
dx = \frac {2dt}{1+t^2}, \sin x = \frac {2t}{1+t^2}
</math>
ãšãªãããšãèæ
®ãããšã
:<math>
\int dx \frac 1 {1+\sin x}
</math>
:<math>
= \int \frac 1 {1+ \frac {2t}{1+t^2}}\frac {2dt}{1+t^2}
</math>
:<math>
= \int dt \frac 2 {(1+t)^2}
</math>
:<math>
= - \frac 2 {1+t} = \frac {-2}{1+\tan (\frac x 2)}
</math>
ãšãªããå¥ã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠã<!-- çµæããéç®ããã®ã ã ... ã -->
:<math>
\frac 1 {1+\sin x} = \frac 1 {1+2\sin \frac x 2 \cos \frac x 2}
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 1 {(\sin \frac x 2 + \cos \frac x 2)^2}
</math>
:<math>
= \frac 1{1+\tan \frac x 2}\frac 1 {\cos ^2 \frac x 2}
</math>
:<math>
= \frac d {dx}(\frac 1 {1 + \tan \frac x 2}) (-2)
</math>
ãšãªãã®ã§ã䞡蟺ãç©åããŠçµæãåŸãŠãããã
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\lim_{h\rightarrow 0} \frac {f(x _1 + h, ... ,x _n) - f(x _1, ...,x _n) } h
</math>
ã
<math>
f_x
</math>
ã
<math>
\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{{x _1}}}
</math>
ã
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(\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{{x _1}}})_{x_2, x_3...}
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ãããã
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f = x^2 + y^2
</math>
ã§ã¯ã
<math>
\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x}} = 2x
</math>
<math>
\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{y}} = 2y
</math>
ã§ããã®ã§ã
<math>
x = 0 , y = 0
</math>
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:<math>D=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-f_{xy}(a,b)^2</math>
ãšå®çŸ©ããã
<math>D>0</math>ã®ãšã
:<math>f_{xx}(a,b)>0</math>ãªãã°ãé¢æ°<math>f(x,y)</math>ã¯ç¹<math>(a,b)</math>ã§æ¥µå°å€ããšã
:<math>f_{xx}(a,b)<0</math>ãªãã°ãé¢æ°<math>f(x,y)</math>ã¯ç¹<math>(a,b)</math>ã§æ¥µå€§å€ããšãã
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2å€æ°é¢æ°<math>f(x,y)</math>ã«ãããå
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:<math>df=\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x}}dx+\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{y}} dy </math>
ãšå®çŸ©ããããäŸãã°<math>f(x,y)=x^2+y^2</math>ã«ãããå
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:<math>df=2xdx+2ydy</math>
ãšãªããåæ§ã«''n''å€æ°é¢æ°<math>f(x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_n)</math>ã«ãããå
šåŸ®åã¯
:<math>df=\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x_1}}dx_1+\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x_2}} dx_2 + \cdots + \frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x_n}}dx_n</math>
ãšå®çŸ©ãããã
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ããã»è¡åã¯2éå埮åã«ãã£ãŠäœãããè¡å
<math>
H = \left[
\frac{\partial^2{f}}{\partial x_ix_j}(P)
\right]
</math>ã§ããã
ç¹Pãã
<math>
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1}(P)=
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_2}(P)=
\cdots
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_n}(P)=0
</math>
ãªãç¹([[w:èšçç¹]])ãšãããããã»è¡åã®Pã«ãããåºæå€ãå
šãŠæ£ã§ããã°ãé¢æ°ã¯ç¹Pã§æ¥µå°å€ãæã¡ãå
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<math>
f = x^2 + y^2
</math>
ã«ã€ããŠãèšçç¹(0,0)ã«ãããããã»è¡åã¯ã
<math>
H =
\begin{pmatrix}
\frac{\partial^2{f}}{\partial{x}^2} & \frac {\partial^2 f}{\partial x\partial y}\\
\frac {\partial^2 f}{\partial y\partial x} & \frac{\partial^2{f}}{\partial{y}^2}
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
<math>
=
\begin{pmatrix}
2 & 0\\
0&2
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ãšãªããåºæå€ã¯2ã§ããã®ã§ãç¹(0,0)ã¯fã®æ¥µå°å€ã§ããã
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:<math>
F(x,y) = 0
</math>
ã®åœ¢ã§è¡šããããé¢æ°ããããšãã
:<math>
\frac{\partial{F}}{\partial{y}}
</math>
ãååšãããšãããšããã®é¢æ°ã¯
:<math>
y = y(x)
</math>
ã®åœ¢ã«(å±æçã«ã¯)è¡šããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšãã
:<math>
y' = - \frac { \frac{\partial{F}}{\partial{x}}}{\frac{\partial{F}}{\partial{y}}}
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
å³èŸºã®åœ¢ã¯å°ãåŠã«èŠããããç¥ããªããäŸãã°ã
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F(x,y) = ax+by
</math>
(a,bã¯å®æ°)ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããšãäžã®åŒã¯ã
:<math>
y' = - \frac a b
</math>
ãšãªã£ãŠãããéåžžã®ä»æ¹ã§èŠãyã®åŸããšäžèŽããŠããã
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F(x,y) = 0ã®åœ¢ã®æ¡ä»¶ã課ããããäžã§ã
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z = f(x,y)
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g = f + \lambda F
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\frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{x}} = \frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{y}} = \frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{{\lambda}}} = 0
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z = x^2+y^2, F= x+y-1
</math>
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x= y = \frac 1 2
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y= -x +1
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¥ããããšã§çãåŸãããšãã§ãããå¹³æ¹å®æãã圢ã¯
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z = 2(x-\frac 1 2)^2 + \frac 1 2
</math>
ã§ããã確ãã«
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x= y = \frac 1 2
</math>
ã§æ¥µå€ãåãããšãåãããæªå®å®æ°æ³ãçšãããš
:<math>
g= f +\lambda F = x^2+y^2 + \lambda (x+y-1)
</math>
ãåŸãããã
ããã§ã
:<math>
\frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{\lambda}} = x+y-1 = 0
</math>
:<math>
\frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{x}} = 2x +\lambda = 0
</math>
:<math>
\frac{\partial{g}}{\partial{y}} = 2y +\lambda = 0
</math>
ãåŸãããããããã¯x,y,<math>\lambda</math>ã«ã€ããŠã®é£ç«1次æ¹çšåŒãšãªã£ãŠãããããã解ããšãçã¯ã
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\lambda = 1, x = y = \frac 1 2
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<math>
\iint f(x,y) dx dy
</math>
ã¯ã
<math>
\iint f(x,y) dx dy
</math>
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= \int dy (\int f dx ) = \int dx (\int f dy )
</math>
ã§æžãå€ããããã
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:<math>I^2=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2}dx \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-y^2}dy</math>
::<math>=\iint_{D} e^{-x^2-y^2}dxdy</math>ïŒ<math>D=\left\{(x,y)|-\infty<x<\infty,-\infty<y<\infty \right\}</math>ïŒ
::<math>=\iint_{D'} e^{-r^2} r dr d\theta</math> ïŒçŽäº€åº§æšãã極座æšã«å€æã<math>x=r\cos \theta,y=r\sin\theta,dxdy\to rdrd\theta</math>ã<math>D'=\left\{(r,\theta)|0\le r <\infty,0\le\theta\le 2\pi\right\}</math>ïŒ
::<math>=\int_{0}^{\infty}re^{-r^2}dr \int_{0}^{2\pi}d\theta</math>
::<math>=\frac{1}{2}\times 2\pi</math>
::<math>=\pi</math>
:<math>I=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2}dx=\sqrt{\pi}</math>
ãŸã:<math>\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-ax^2}dx</math>ã®ç©åã¯
:<math>\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-ax^2}dx=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-t^2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}dt</math>ïŒ<math>\sqrt{a}x=t</math>ãšçœ®ããŠçœ®æç©åïŒ
::<math>=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-t^2}dt</math>
::<math>=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}}</math>
ãšãªãã
====ã¬ã³ãé¢æ°====
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====ããŒã¿é¢æ°====
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;ããŒã¿é¢æ°ã®åºæ¬å
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:<math>\Beta(q,p)=\Beta(p,q)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p+1,q)=\frac{p}{q}\Beta(p,q+1)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p,q+1)=\frac{q}{p}\Beta(p+1,q)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p+1,q)=\frac{p}{p+q}\Beta(p,q)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p,q+1)=\frac{q}{p+q}\Beta(p,q)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p,q)=2\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^{2p-1} \theta \cos^{2q-1} \theta d\theta</math>
:<math>\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^a \theta \cos^b \theta d\theta = \frac{1}{2}\Beta\left(\frac{a+1}{2},\frac{b+1}{2}\right)</math>
:<math>\Beta(p,q)=\frac{\Gamma(p)\Gamma(q)}{\Gamma(p+q)}</math>
===æ°åã®åæ===
====ãã©ã³ããŒã«ã®åæå€å®æ³====
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[[ã«ããŽãª:解æåŠ|ãµã€ããããããã¡ ãããããã]] | 2005-06-09T13:07:19Z | 2024-03-15T18:07:39Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Ruby"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6I_%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6 |
2,117 | ç©çæ°åŠI 埮åæ¹çšåŒ | ç©çæ°åŠI > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ
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ã®æ¹çšåŒã®æ¬¡æ°ããå°ãªãæ°ã® 解ãåŸãããã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯äžè¬è§£ãäœããªãããã«æããã ãããããã®å Žåã«ãè¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ã詳ãã調ã¹ããšã ããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããäžè¬è§£ãåŸãããããšãç¥ãããã è¡šåŒçã«ã¯ãaãné解ã®ãšãã«ã¯ e a t , t e a t , ⯠, t n â 1 e a t {\displaystyle e^{at},te^{at},\cdots ,t^{n-1}e^{at}} ãçšããããã«ããã°ããã
ãããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãèšç®ããã ãã ããåææ¡ä»¶ã¯
ãšããã 埮åæ¹çšåŒã®ããäžã®åŒã察å¿ãã埮åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã§ããã
e A = â n = 0 â A n n ! {\displaystyle e^{A}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {A^{n}}{n!}}}
1234 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çæ°åŠI > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çæ°åŠI > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã垞埮åæ¹çšåŒãæ±ããå
容ãšããŠã¯ç°¡åãªæ±ç©ã®ä»æ¹ãã ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£æ³ã解ã®äžææ§ã®èª¬æãã»ãšãã©ã® 埮åæ¹çšåŒã¯è§£æçã«è§£ããªãããšããæ°å€çãªæ±ãã éèŠã«ãªãããšã®èª¬æãªã©ãäºå®ããŠããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã§äžããããæ¹çšåŒã埮åæ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ãããã§ã y ( n ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n)}\\,} ãªã©ã§äžããããè¡šåŒã¯ãyã®né埮åãè¡šããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã代æ°çãªåŒãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©æ°å€çã«ãã解ãæ±ããããªããããªäŸãæ¹çšåŒã®äŸãšããŠæããããããä»åã¯ã埮åããŸãããŠäœãããæ¹çšåŒãèããŠãã®è§£æ³ãèå¯ããŠè¡ãããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäžã§äžããæ¹çšåŒã¯yãxã®é¢æ°ãšããŠèŠãäžã§ã®åŒãšãªã£ãŠããã ä»®ã«ãäžã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã«xã®é¢æ°ãšããŠä»£å
¥ããããšãã ãã®æ¹çšåŒãæºãããããªãããã®yããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®xã«å¯Ÿãã 解ãšåŒã¶ãã€ãŸããyãšããŠããã®ãããªxã®é¢æ°ãæ±ããããšã åºæ¥ããã©ããããã®ç« ã®äž»é¡ãšãªãããã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æ°å€çã«ãã解ããªãæ¹çšåŒãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã¯çŸåšã§ã¯é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠBã§æ±ãããããšã«ãªã£ãŠãããå®éã«ã¯ãããã§ã¯w:äºåæ³ãæ±ãããw:ãã¥ãŒãã³æ³ã¯ããçºå±çãªå
容ãšããŠæ±ãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæ¹çšåŒã¯åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã§ããã ããã§ã¯ããã®æ¹çšåŒãæ°å€çã«ç©åããæ¹æ³ãèå¯ããŠã¿ãã 埮åãšã¯ããããããé¢æ°f(x)ã«ã€ã㊠ããç¹xã§ã®å€ãšãxãšã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠãããããã«æ¥µè¿ãç¹ x + ε {\\displaystyle x+\\epsilon } ã§ã®å€ã é¢ä¿ã¥ããå€ã§ããããã®ãããå
šãŠã®ç¹ã§ã®åŸ®åãšããäžç¹ã§ã®f(x)ã® å€ãåãã£ãŠãããªããå
šãŠã®ç¹ã§ã®xã®å€ãèšç®ã§ããããšãæåŸ
ãããã å®éäžã®åŒã§ã¯ãå
šãŠã®ç¹ã§ã®åŸ®åãå®æ°1ã§ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã®ã§ã ãã®å€ãçšããŠãç°ãªã£ãxã®å€ã«å¯Ÿããyã®å€ãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãç¹ã«y(x)ã¯ã x = 0 {\\displaystyle x=0} ã§ã0ãšãªããšããæ¡ä»¶ãæºããããšã ä»®å®ããããã®ãããªæ¡ä»¶ãåææ¡ä»¶ãšåŒã¶ããã®çšèªèªäœã¯ ç©ççã®èª²ç®ã«ã€ããŠãæµçšãããããšãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãããç¹xã§ã®å€ãf(x)ãšãããšããw:ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®å
¬åŒãçšãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãç¥ãããŠããããããããã㧠ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ãããããŠå°ããã£ããšãã«ã¯ ãã®åŒã®å³èŸºã¯æåã®2é
ã ãã§è¿äŒŒããŠããããšãæåŸ
ãããã ãã®ãšãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®åŒã¯ãããç¹xã§ã®f(x)ã®å€ãšããã®è¿ãã§ã®å€ ãç¹xã§ã®fã®åŸ®åãçšããŠçµã³ã€ããåŒã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãäžããããæ¡ä»¶",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšããŠãä»»æã®xã«å¯ŸããŠy(x)ã®å€ãèšç®ããŠã¿ãã ãŸããæ¡ä»¶ããy(0) = 0ãšãªãã 次ã«ãéåžžã«å°ããæ° Îµ {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ãçšãããšãäžã®ãã€ã©ãŒå±éã®åŒã 䜿ããã®ã§ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã§ã¯æ¡ä»¶ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãç¥ãããŠããã®ã§ã y(0) =0ãšåããããšãçµå±",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®ãããªæäœãäœåºŠãç¹°ãããããŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®è¡çšãšããŠã x = 2 ε {\\displaystyle x=2\\epsilon } ã§ã®å€ãèšç®ããã ãã¡ããã x = 3 / 2 â
ε {\\displaystyle x=3/2\\cdot \\epsilon } ãªã©ã®å€ãåãæ§ã«ããŠèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã æŽæ°ã§èšç®ãããŠãããã ããã åãæ§ãªæç¶ããçšãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ãfã®åŸ®åã1ã§ããããšãçšãããšã å
ã»ã©ã®çµæãšåãããŠã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã x = 3 / 2 â
ε {\\displaystyle x=3/2\\cdot \\epsilon } ãã x = 3 ε {\\displaystyle x=3\\epsilon } ãã x = 4 ε {\\displaystyle x=4\\epsilon } ã§ã®å€ãåãæ§ãªèšç®ã§åŸããã ãã®çµæãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã瀺åãããããšãåããã ããã§ããã®ãããªè§£ãå®éã«è§£æçãªæå³ã§ äžãããã埮åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšãªã£ãŠããããšã瀺ãã ã€ãŸããå®éã«ã¯ãã®ç¢ºèªã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠããããšã確ãããã®ã ãã xã®xã«ãã埮åã¯1ãªã®ã§ç¢ºãã«ãã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããã ããããŠããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯è§£ãããããã§ããã ããã«ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯y(0) = 0ã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããŠããã ãã®ããã«åææ¡ä»¶ãæºãã解ã\"\"åææ¡ä»¶ãæºãã解\"\" ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®ããã«1é埮åã®ã¿ãçšããŠé ã
ã«y(x)ã®å€ãæ°å€çã« å®ããŠè¡ãæ¹æ³ãçºèŠè
ã«ã¡ãªãã§w:ãªã€ã©ãŒæ³ãšåŒã¶ããšã ããã ç¹ã«ããã®æ¹æ³ã¯å®éã«è§£æçã«çµæãæ±ããããªãåŒã«å¯ŸããŠã çšããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ãå¿çšäžéåžžã«éèŠã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ãå®çšçãªæ°å€èšç®ã«ãããŠã¯ ããé«æ¬¡ã®åŸ®åé
ãŸã§ã®å¯äžãåãå
¥ããw:ã«ã³ã²ã¯ãã¿æ³ãš åŒã°ããæ¹æ³ãçšããããšãå€ãã ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯è§£ã®ç²ŸåºŠãé«ãããšã§ç¥ãããŠãããã ããèšç®æ³ãè€éã§ãããããç°¡åãªèšç®ã«ã¯ ãªã€ã©ãŒæ³ãçšããããããšãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã埮åæ¹çšåŒã解æçã«è§£ãæ¹æ³ãæ±ããæ°å€çã«è§£ãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ããšã¯ããçµæãšããŠæ±ããããé¢æ°ãè¯ãç¥ããããã®ã§ãã£ãå Žåãäœããã®ç°¡åãªè§£æçãªè§£ãæ±ããæ¹æ³ãããããšãçãã®ã¯èªç¶ãªããšã§ãããšæããããäŸãã°ãå
ã»ã©ã®äŸã§ã¯",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæããããããã§y=xããã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã«ãªãããšã«æ°ã¥ãããšã¯ããã»ã©é£ããããšã§ã¯ãªããšæãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããã«æããå€æ°åé¢ã®æ¹æ³ãçšãããšãã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ç°¡åãªç©åã«åž°çããã®ã§ããã«ãã£ãŠãã®è§£ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãããªåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãæ±ããæ¹æ³ã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®ãã®ãç¥ãããŠããããããã§ã¯ãã£ãšãç°¡åã§å¿çšäžéèŠãªãã®ãæ±ãããšã«ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããŸããã£ãšãç°¡åã§éèŠãªæ¹æ³ãã æããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžããåŒã§ã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã䞡蟺ãããããã®æåã§ç©åããããšã§ 解ãåŸãããããã®æ¹æ³ãå€æ°åé¢ã®æ¹æ³ãšåŒã¶ã å®éã«ã¯ãyãšããã®ã¯ãããŸã§xã®é¢æ°ã§ããã®ã§ã yã§ç©åãè¡ãªãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãããã«æãããå®éã ãã®ãšããã§ããããã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçãããããã®ã§ããã ããã§ãå³èŸºã¯xã«ã€ããŠç©åããŠãããå€æ°å€æã«ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ç©åå€æ°ãxããyã«å€æããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã«ãã£ãŠãäžã®ãããªè¡šåŒã«ãªãããã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå€æ°åé¢ã®æ¹æ³ã§è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ãã 䞡蟺ãxã§ç©åãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã§Cã¯ç©åå®æ°ã§ãããä»»æã®å®æ°ãšãªã£ãŠããã ãã®åŒã¯å
ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãæºããããšãæåŸ
ããããã å®éã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã®ã§ããã®åŒã¯ç¢ºãã«äžããããæ¹çšåŒãæºãããŠããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¥ã®äŸãšããŠã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ±ãã ããã§ã¯äž¡èŸºãyã§å²ã£ãäžã§ãxã«ã€ããŠç©åãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã (Aã¯ã C = e A {\\displaystyle C=e^{A}} ãæºããä»»æå®æ°ã§ããã) å®éãã®åŒã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ä»£å
¥ãããšäž¡èŸºå
±ã«",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çãããªãããšã ãããããã®åŒãæ£ãã解æçãªå€ãåŸãŠããããšãåããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮åæ¹çšåŒã®äžã§ã ç¹ã«",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã§ããã埮åæ¹çšåŒããç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ã ããã以å€ã®åœ¢ãããŠããæ¹çšåŒãäŸãã° y 2 {\\displaystyle y^{2}} ãå«ãã§ãã埮åæ¹çšåŒ ãéç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯ãéç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãããåãæ±ããç°¡åã§ããããšã å€ããè¯ã調ã¹ãããŠãããç¹ã«ãããã§æ±ãããã« 1éã®ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯ããããä¿æ°é¢æ°p(x)ã«ã€ããŠã解æç㪠解ãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«ãç·åœ¢1次埮åæ¹çšåŒã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãã ãã®ãšãããã®è§£ã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã ããã§ãCã¯ãä»»æã®ç©åå®æ°ã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éãäžã®è¡šåŒã埮åãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã埮åããéšåããã¯",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã 次ã«ãããçæ¹ã®",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã埮åããæ¹ããã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯åã®ãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒãšæã¡æ¶ãåãããšã«æ³šæã ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã¯ç¢ºãã«æ±ããããšããŠãã埮åæ¹çšåŒãšäžèŽããŠãã ããšãåããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯å®æ°å€åæ³ãšåŒã°ããæ¹æ³ãçšããŠå°åºãããããšãå€ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®æ°å€åæ³ã®èª¬æãšäžã®å
¬åŒã®å°åº",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "垞埮åæ¹çšåŒãèšç®ãããšããäžã®äŸã§ã¯åžžã« å®å
šãªè§£ãåŸãããã ãããããã®ãããªè§£ãå¯äžã§ãããšãããã㯠è°è«ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ãªãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã»ã©ã®äŸã§ããã°ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãããåæå€ãåã£ãŠããã«æ¬¡ãã§ããã§äžãããã埮åã®å€ãçšããŠã yèªèº«ã®å€ãèšç®ããŠããããšãåºæ¥ãã åæ§ã«",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«å³èŸºãxãšyã®ä»»æã®é¢æ°ã«ãªã£ãŠããŠãã y'èªèº«ã®å€ãåç¹ã§å®å
šã«æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããã°ã ç©åãããé¢æ°ã¯åœç¶1ã€ããç¡ãããã«æããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ãã®çŽèŠ³ã¯å®å
šã«æ£ããããã§ã¯ãªãã äŸãã°ãf(x,y)ãããx,yã«å¯ŸããŠç¡éã«çºæ£ãããããª å Žåã«ã¯ãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããy'ãå®ããããšãåºæ¥ãªãããã ãã以äžã«è§£ãåŸãããšãåºæ¥ãªããªãã ãŸããé¢æ°fã®ããããã®å€æ°ã«å¯ŸãããµããŸãã ããäžå®ä»¥äžã«æ¿ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã®ãšãã«ã ããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããy'ã®å€ãçšããŠåŸãããè¿ãã®é¢æ°å€ãã æ£ããå€ã«è¿ããªããªãããšãäºæ³ãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã®ãããªç¹å¥ãªæ
åµããªãå Žåã 垞埮åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã¯äžæçã§ããããšãããããŠããã ãã ããäžã®äŸã§ãèŠãéããäžè¬ã« 垞埮åæ¹çšåŒã¯ããç¹ã§ã®è§£ã®å€ãšãã®ãŸããã®ç¹ã§ã®è§£ã®å€ã é¢ä¿ã¥ããæ¹çšåŒãªã®ã§ããŸãæåã®äžç¹ã®å€ãäžããããšã ããªããšã解ãæ§æã§ããªãããšãåããã ãã£ãŠã解ãå³å¯ãªæå³ã§äžæçã«å®ããã«ã¯ãã®è§£ã«å¯Ÿãã åæå€ãå®ããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ãŸã§ã¯1é埮åã®äŸããæ±ããªãã£ããã以éã§ã¯ 2é埮å以äžã®äŸãæ±ãããã®ãšããné埮åã®æ¹çšåŒã§ã¯ã nåã®åæå€ãå®ããªããšã解ãäžæçã«å®ãŸããªãããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãnéã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒããnåã®å€æ°ãå«ã1次ã®é£ç«åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã« 察å¿ããããšã«ããã ããã§ãé£ç«æ¹çšåŒãšã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«(i,jã¯æŽæ°ã)ãè€æ°åã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã§ è€æ°åã®é¢æ°ãå®ããããŠãããšãã埮åæ¹çšåŒã§ããã ããã¯ã代æ°åŒã®é£ç«æ¹çšåŒã®æ¡åŒµãšããããšãåºæ¥ãã ã€ãŸããäžã§è¿°ã¹ãŠããããšã¯ãnéã®1å€æ°ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯ã æ¬è³ªçã«nåã®å€æ°ãå®ããããã®ã1次ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšçãããšããããš ã§ããã ãããŠãnåã®å€æ°ã決ããªããŠã¯ãããªãã®ã ããã åæå€ãnåå¿
èŠã«ãªãããšã¯äºæ³ãããããšã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©ççã«ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒãæéã«ã€ããŠ2éã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã§ããã®ã§ã éåã決å®ããããã«ç©äœã®åæäœçœ®ãšåæé床ã®2ã€ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãå®ãã å¿
èŠãããããšãšå¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§néã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšãnåã®å€æ°ãå«ã1次ã®é£ç«åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã® 察å¿ãèŠãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããxãåã£ãŠããã®äœçœ®ããé«éã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã çšããŠè§£ãå®ããŠè¡ãæ¹æ³ãèããã ããã§ã¯ã埮åæ¹çšåŒãnéãšããã ãã®ãšãã æ¹çšåŒã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãæããããããšãæåŸ
ãããã ãã®åŒã¯ã y ( n â 1 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-1)}} ã®xè¿ãã§ã®å€ãå®ããããã«ã¯ã xã«ããã y , ⯠, y ( n â 1 ) {\\displaystyle y,\\cdots ,y^{(n-1)}} ã®nåã®å€ãå®ããªããŠã¯ ãªããªãããšã瀺ããŠããã 次ã«ã y ( n â 2 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-2)}} ãå®ããããšãèããã ãã®ãšãã y ( n â 2 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-2)}} ã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããã®ã§ãæ¢ã«äžã§å®ãã y ( n â 2 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-2)}} ãšã y ( n â 3 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-3)}} ã®xã§ã®å€ã ããçšããŠèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã åæ§ãªæé ãçšããŠã ãã以å€ã®ããäœã次æ°ã®åŸ®åãå®ããããšãã§ããã çµå±yãã y ( n â 1 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(}{n-1})} ãŸã§ã®nåã®å€ã«ã€ããŠåæå€ãå®ããããšã¯ã ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãæ±ããããã«ååã ã£ããšããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®ããšã¯è¡šåŒçã«",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã§ãy'ãã y ( n â 1 ) {\\displaystyle y^{(n-1)}} ãŸã§ã ããããã v 1 ⯠v n â 1 {\\displaystyle v_{1}\\cdots v_{n-1}} ã§çœ®ãæãããš ãã®è¡šåŒã¯ ã¡ããã© y , v 1 ⯠v n â 1 {\\displaystyle y,v_{1}\\cdots v_{n-1}} ã®nåã®å€æ°ãçšãã1次埮åæ¹çšåŒã®è¡šåŒã«çãããªãã ãã£ãŠããããã®éã®å¯Ÿå¿ãããããšã åãã£ãããã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å¯Ÿå¿ã¯ç¹ã«ãå®æ°ä¿æ°ç·åæ¹çšåŒã®äŸã§ããçšããããã ãã®ãšãã«ã¯æåŸã®fãã y , y Ⲡ⯠y ( n â 1 ) {\\displaystyle y,y'\\cdots y^{(n-1)}} ã«é¢ããç·åçµåã«ãªãããã 巊蟺ã®åŸ®åæŒç®åãããè¡åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«èŠãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã ãã®ããšã¯è¡šåŒçã«",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããã ããã§ãDã¯n*nã®è¡åã§ããã yã¯n次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãšãªã£ãŠããã ãã®åŒã®åœ¢ã¯ã ãã®åŒã®è§£ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªæžãæ¹ãåºæ¥ãããšãäºæ³ãããã ãã ããããã§ã¯ææ°é¢æ°ã®ææ°ãšããŠãã ã®æ°ã§ã¯ãªãè¡åãçšããŠããã å®éãã®ãããªè¡šåŒã¯ååšããäžè¬ã«è¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ãšåŒã°ããŠããã ã€ãŸããå®æ°ä¿æ°ã®ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®èšç®ã¯ è¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ã®èšç®ãè¡ãªãããšã«åž°çããããã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§è¿°ã¹ãéãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžããã埮åæ¹çšåŒãç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ã ãããã®è§£ã¯éç·åœ¢æ¹çšåŒãšæ¯ã¹ãŠè¯ãç¥ãããŠããã 1éã®ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã¯äžã§åŸãããéããå®å
šãªç©åãå¯èœ ãšãªã£ãŠããã 2éã®ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒãç¹æ®é¢æ°ãªã©ãçšãããšããªãã® çš®é¡ã系統çã«æ±ããããšãç¥ãããŠãããããããã¯ãã®é
ã® ç¯å²ãè¶
ããã®ã§æ±ãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãã ããã§ã¯ç¹ã«ãå®çšäžéèŠãªå®æ°ä¿æ°ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã äž»ã«æ±ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãèªç±ç©ºéå
ã§ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåæ¯åã®æ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãã®äŸã§ããã ããã§ã¯2éãŸã§ã®æ¹çšåŒãæ±ã£ãŠãããã ããã§æ±ã解æ³èªäœã¯ãã©ã®æ¬¡æ°ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç·åœ¢æ¹çšåŒã¯ãåŒã®åœ¢ãã解ã«éèŠãªæ§è³ªãããããšãåããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã«ã€ããŠãã2ã€ã®è§£ y 1 {\\displaystyle y_{1}} , y 2 {\\displaystyle y_{2}} ãåŸããããšããããã®ãšãã y = a y 1 + b y 2 {\\displaystyle y=ay_{1}+by_{2}} ã解ãšãªãããšããããã ããã§ãa,bã¯ä»»æã®æ°ã§ãããã€ãŸãã2ã€ã®è§£ãåŸããããšãã ãããã®ç·åœ¢çµåããã®è§£ãšãªãããšãç¥ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å·ŠèŸºã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããã y 1 {\\displaystyle y_{1}} , y 2 {\\displaystyle y_{2}} ã¯äºãã«ç¬ç«ã«ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ã ãã®å€ã¯",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããã確ãã« y = a y 1 + b y 2 {\\displaystyle y=ay_{1}+by_{2}} ã ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšããããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããné埮åæ¹çšåŒã«ã€ããŠnåã®ç·åœ¢ç¬ç«ãªåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãåŸããããšããã ç·åœ¢ç¬ç«ãšããããšã¯ãäºãã®ç·åœ¢çµåãçšããŠãã®ãã¡ã®ã©ãããäœãã ãããšã åºæ¥ãªããšããæ¡ä»¶ã§ããã ç·åœ¢ç¬ç«ãšããæ§è³ªã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ãã³ã¹ããŒè¡ååŒãšãããã®ã çšããŠå€æãããããšãå€ããããã³ã¹ããŒè¡ååŒãš ç·åœ¢çµåã§äºããäœãããšãåºæ¥ãªããšããæ§è³ªã®ã€ãªãã㯠ããã»ã©ç°¡åã§ã¯ãªãã ããããç¹ã«2é埮åæ¹çšåŒãæ±ããšãã«ã¯ã ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯åã«ã2ã€ã®è§£ããäºãã«ãäºãã®å®æ°åã§ãªã ãšããããšãè¿°ã¹ãŠããã 以åŸã¯2é埮åæ¹çšåŒãå€ãæ±ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãããã®nåã®è§£ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( c 1 , ⯠c n {\\displaystyle c_{1},\\cdots c_{n}} ã¯ãä»»æå®æ°ã)",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã§ããããšãåããã å®éããã§ã¯n次ã®æ¹çšåŒãèããŠããããã ãã®è§£ã決å®ããã«ã¯ãnåã®åæå€ãå¿
èŠãšãããŠããã ããã§ããã®åŒã¯nåã®ä»»æå®æ°ãæã£ãŠããã®ã§ã ãããã®å®æ°ãåããããšã§ã ãã®è§£ã¯ã©ã®ãããªåæå€ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã解ãäœãããããšã æåŸ
ãããããã®ãããªè§£ããã®æ¹çšåŒã®äžè¬è§£ãšåŒã¶ã å€ãã®åççãªåŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãæ¹çšåŒã®äžè¬è§£ãåŸãããšãã ç®çãšãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¢ã«è¿°ã¹ãéããå®æ°ä¿æ°åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã«ãããŠã¯ã æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããããããã§ãAã¯å®æ°ã®è¡åã§ããã ããã解ããè¡šåŒãšããŠè¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ã®è¡šåŒã åŸãããããšãåã«è¿°ã¹ãã話ã®é åºãšããŠã¯ 次ã«è¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ã®ããšãæžãã®ãé©åœããç¥ããªããã ããã§ã¯ããã®åã«ãã®çµæãéåžžã«ç°¡åã«ãªãããšã 䜿ã£ãŠãå®éã®èšç®ãè¡ãªã£ãŠã¿ãããšã«ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®è§£ãæ±ããããšãèããã å®ã¯ãäžã®è°è«ããã¡ããšè¡ãªããšã ãã®ãããªå®æ°ä¿æ°ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã¯ã éåžžã«å€ãã®å Žåã y = e a t {\\displaystyle y=e^{at}} ãšãã圢ã§äžããããããšãåããã ããã§ãaã¯ãäœããã®è€çŽ æ°ã§ããã å®éã«ã¯å°ãéã£ã圢ã®è§£ãåŸãããããšããããã ããã§ããŸãã¯ããããã®ãããããšãç¥ãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããããŸãã¯ãã®ããã«è§£ã®åœ¢ãä»®å®ããã ãã®ãšãäžã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«åž°çãããããã¯ã2é埮åã®é
ã¯aã«ã€ããŠ2次ã®é
ã 1é埮åã®é
ã¯aã«ã€ããŠ1次ã®é
ã«ãããåçŽãªçœ®ãæããã㊠åŸããã代æ°æ¹çšåŒã§ããã ãã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ãã°ãã°å
ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®ç¹ææ¹çšåŒãšåŒã°ããã ããšããšaã®å€ãæ±ããŠããŸãã°ãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã解ãå®ãŸãããšã å
ã»ã©ã®ä»®å®ã«ãã£ãŠæåŸ
ãããŠãããããã§ãŸãã«ããã®aãå®ãã æ¹çšåŒãåŸãããŠãããã€ãŸããã®ããšã¯ãå®æ°ä¿æ°ã® ç·åœ¢åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã解ãããšã¯ããã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã代æ°æ¹çšåŒã 解ãããšã«åž°çããããšãåããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®æ¹çšåŒã解ããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã äžã®ä»®å®ãã解ã®åœ¢ã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãšããŠ",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®2ã€ãåŸãããããããã¯äºãã«ä»ã®å®æ°åã§ãªãã®ã§ äºãã«ç·åœ¢ç¬ç«ã§ããã ãã£ãŠãä»»æå®æ°A,Bãçšãããšã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã解ãšããŠäœãããšãåºæ¥ãããããã¯2åã®ä»»æå®æ°ãå«ãã§ããããšããã ãã®æ¹çšåŒã®äžè¬è§£ã§ããã ãããã®è°è«ããããã®çš®ã®æ¹çšåŒã§ã¯ãå²åç°¡åã«å
šãŠã®è§£ãæ±ããã ãããšããããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµè«ãšããŠã¯ã ãã®ããã« å®æ°ä¿æ°ã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã解ãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®çœ®ãæããããŠã aã«ã€ããŠã®ä»£æ°æ¹çšåŒã解ãã°ãããšãããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããä»åã¯ããã§ãªãã£ããç¹ææ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã èæ°ã§ãã£ããéæ ¹ã§ãããšãã«ã¯å¥ã®æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ããã å®éã«ã¯èæ°ã§ãããšãã«ã¯ãåã«ãã®èæ°ãå
ã®è¡šåŒã« 代å
¥ããã°è¯ãããããããããã®åŒã¯ãªã€ã©ãŒã®å
¬åŒãçšã㊠sin {\\displaystyle \\sin } ãšã cos {\\displaystyle \\cos } ã®åŒã«çŽãããšãåºæ¥ãã ãã®ããããã®æ§ãªçœ®ãæããããããšãæ
£çšçã«ãªãããããšã å€ãã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éæ ¹ã®å Žåã¯äžã§ããaã«ã€ããŠå
ã®æ¹çšåŒã®æ¬¡æ°ããå°ãªãæ°ã® 解ãåŸãããã®ã§ããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯äžè¬è§£ãäœããªãããã«æããã ãããããã®å Žåã«ãè¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°ã詳ãã調ã¹ããšã ããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããäžè¬è§£ãåŸãããããšãç¥ãããã è¡šåŒçã«ã¯ãaãné解ã®ãšãã«ã¯ e a t , t e a t , ⯠, t n â 1 e a t {\\displaystyle e^{at},te^{at},\\cdots ,t^{n-1}e^{at}} ãçšããããã«ããã°ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®åŸ®åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãèšç®ããã ãã ããåææ¡ä»¶ã¯",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã 埮åæ¹çšåŒã®ããäžã®åŒã察å¿ãã埮åæ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã§ããã",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "e A = â n = 0 â A n n ! {\\displaystyle e^{A}=\\sum _{n=0}^{\\infty }{\\frac {A^{n}}{n!}}}",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1234",
"title": "埮åæ¹çšåŒ"
}
] | ç©çæ°åŠI > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ ç©çæ°åŠI > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ | <small> [[ç©çæ°åŠI]] > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ</small>
----
<small> [[ç©çæ°åŠI]] > 埮åæ¹çšåŒ</small>
----
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F(x,y,y', \cdots , y^{(n)}) = 0
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f(x+ \epsilon) = f(x) + \epsilon \frac {df(x)} {dx } + \cdots
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\frac{d} {dx} f(0) = \frac {f(x)}{dx }| _{x\rightarrow 0}= 1
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y(\epsilon) = 0+ \epsilon \cdot 1 = \epsilon
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y(2\epsilon ) = f(\epsilon) + \epsilon \frac{d f(x)}{dx} | _{x\rightarrow \epsilon}
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y(2\epsilon) = 2\epsilon
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</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{1}\over{3}}-{{e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{3}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=5\,x+1
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{5\,e^ {- x }}\over{2}}-{{11\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{
18}}+{{5\,x}\over{3}}-{{17}\over{9}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=e^{2\,x}+x
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{e^{2\,x}}\over{15}}+{{5\,e^ {- x }}\over{6}}-{{41
\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{90}}+{{x}\over{3}}-{{4}\over{9}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=e^ {- x }
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{x\,e^ {- x }}\over{2}}+{{e^ {- x }}\over{4}}-{{e
^ {- 3\,x }}\over{4}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=e^ {- x }+x^2+x
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{x\,e^ {- x }}\over{2}}-{{e^ {- x }}\over{4}}-{{29
\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{108}}+{{x^2}\over{3}}-{{5\,x}\over{9}}+{{14
}\over{27}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=\sin x
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{\sin x}\over{10}}-{{\cos x}\over{5}}+{{3\,e^ {- x
}}\over{4}}-{{11\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{20}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=\sin x+\cos x
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{3\,\sin x}\over{10}}-{{\cos x}\over{10}}+{{e^ {-
x }}\over{2}}-{{2\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{5}}
</math>
:<math>
{{d^2}\over{d\,x^2}}\,y\left(x\right)+4\,\left({{d}\over{d\,x}}\,y
\left(x\right)\right)+3\,y\left(x\right)=e^{i\,x}
</math>
:<math>
y\left(x\right)={{e^{i\,x}}\over{4\,i+2}}+{{i\,e^ {- x }}\over{2\,i
+2}}-{{\left(i+2\right)\,e^ {- 3\,x }}\over{2\,i+6}}
</math>
====è¡åã®ææ°é¢æ°====
<math> e^A=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{A^n}{n!}</math>
*TODO
1234
[[ã«ããŽãª:埮åæ¹çšåŒ]] | null | 2022-11-23T12:08:14Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6I_%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F |
2,118 | ååŠ | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > èªç¶ç§åŠ > ååŠ
ååŠã«é¢ããææžã»è³æã»æç§æžãåããããæžåº«ã§ããåé²å
容ã¯ä»¥äžãã芧ãã ããã | [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ååŠã«é¢ããææžã»è³æã»æç§æžãåããããæžåº«ã§ããåé²å
容ã¯ä»¥äžãã芧ãã ããã",
"title": ""
}
] | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > èªç¶ç§åŠ > ååŠ ååŠã«é¢ããææžã»è³æã»æç§æžãåããããæžåº«ã§ããåé²å
容ã¯ä»¥äžãã芧ãã ããã | [[ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž]] > [[èªç¶ç§åŠ]] > ååŠ
{{NDC|430|ããã}}
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== åçæè²çšæç§æž ==
* [[å°åŠæ ¡çç§]]
* [[äžåŠæ ¡çç§]]
* [[é«çåŠæ ¡ååŠ]]
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[[Category:æžåº«|ããã]] | 2005-06-10T14:03:49Z | 2023-09-28T17:03:25Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Commons",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikiversity",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:èµæžäžèŠ§",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:é²æç¶æ³",
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"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
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2,119 | å€å
žæåŠ/ããã¯æ | ããã¯æ(ããã¯ãã)ã¯47é³ããæãè©©ã§ããæã¯ãä»ã§èšãã²ãããªã»ã«ã¿ã«ãã®50é³é ã«åœãããã®ãšããŠå©çšãããŠããŸããã
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯æ(ããã¯ãã)ã¯47é³ããæãè©©ã§ããæã¯ãä»ã§èšãã²ãããªã»ã«ã¿ã«ãã®50é³é ã«åœãããã®ãšããŠå©çšãããŠããŸããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯æã®æŽå²ã¯ãå€ããæ¶
æ§çµããšèšãä»æã«é¢ããæ¬ã®æåãªäžæ®µã®åå¥ãåèš³ãããã®ãšãããŠããã ããããå§ãã¡ã®æã«ãã£ãŠå¹³å®æ代äžæã«ã¯ç¢ºç«ããã ãã®åŸãæç¿ãæãšããŠç¿åãªã©ã§ããªãç¿ãéã«ãã®æãçšããããã",
"title": "æŽå²"
}
] | ããã¯æïŒããã¯ããïŒã¯47é³ããæãè©©ã§ããæã¯ãä»ã§èšãã²ãããªã»ã«ã¿ã«ãã®50é³é ã«åœãããã®ãšããŠå©çšãããŠããŸããã | '''ããã¯æ'''ïŒããã¯ããïŒã¯47é³ããæãè©©ã§ããæã¯ãä»ã§èšã[[ã²ãããªã»ã«ã¿ã«ã]]ã®50é³é ã«åœãããã®ãšããŠå©çšãããŠããŸããã
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2,120 | Perl/é¢æ° | ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > Perl > Perl/é¢æ°
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add or remove elements anywhere in an array
prepend more elements to the beginning of a list
return a list of the values in a hash
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convert a list into a binary representation
fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
execute an arbitrary system call
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position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
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convert binary structure into normal perl variables
test or set particular bits in a string
-X chdir chmod chown chroot fcntl glob ioctl link lstat mkdir open opendir readlink rename rmdir select stat symlink sysopen umask unlink utime
a file test (-r, -x, etc)
change your current working directory
changes the permissions on a list of files
change the ownership on a list of files
make directory new root for path lookups
file control system call
expand filenames using wildcards
system-dependent device control system call
create a hard link in the filesystem
stat a symbolic link
create a directory
open a file, pipe, or descriptor
open a directory
determine where a symbolic link is pointing
change a filename
remove a directory
reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
get a file's status information
create a symbolic link to a file
open a file, pipe, or descriptor
set file creation mode mask
remove one link to a file
set a file's last access and modify times
break caller continue die do dump eval evalbytes exit __FILE__ goto last __LINE__ next __PACKAGE__ redo return sub __SUB__ wantarray
break out of a C<given> block
get context of the current subroutine call
optional trailing block in a while or foreach
raise an exception or bail out
turn a BLOCK into a TERM
create an immediate core dump
catch exceptions or compile and run code
similar to string eval, but intend to parse a bytestream
terminate this program
the name of the current source file
create spaghetti code
exit a block prematurely
the current source line number
iterate a block prematurely
the current package
start this loop iteration over again
get out of a function early
declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously
the current subroutine, or C<undef> if not in a subroutine
get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call
delete each exists keys values
deletes a value from a hash
retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash
test whether a hash key is present
retrieve list of indices from a hash
return a list of the values in a hash
binmode close closedir dbmclose dbmopen die eof fileno flock format getc print printf read readdir readline rewinddir say seek seekdir select syscall sysread sysseek syswrite tell telldir truncate warn write
prepare binary files for I/O
close file (or pipe or socket) handle
close directory handle
breaks binding on a tied dbm file
create binding on a tied dbm file
raise an exception or bail out
test a filehandle for its end
return file descriptor from filehandle
lock an entire file with an advisory lock
declare a picture format with use by the write() function
get the next character from the filehandle
output a list to a filehandle
output a formatted list to a filehandle
fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
get a directory from a directory handle
fetch a record from a file
reset directory handle
output a list to a filehandle, appending a newline
reposition file pointer for random-access I/O
reposition directory pointer
reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
execute an arbitrary system call
fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle
position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle
get current seekpointer on a filehandle
get current seekpointer on a directory handle
shorten a file
print debugging info
print a picture record
grep join map qw/STRING/ reverse sort unpack
locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion
join a list into a string using a separator
apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes
quote a list of words
flip a string or a list
sort a list of values
convert binary structure into normal perl variables
abs atan2 cos exp hex int log oct rand sin sqrt srand
absolute value function
arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI
cosine function
raise I<e> to a power
convert a hexadecimal string to a number
get the integer portion of a number
retrieve the natural logarithm for a number
convert a string to an octal number
retrieve the next pseudorandom number
return the sine of a number
square root function
seed the random number generator
defined formline lock prototype reset scalar undef
test whether a value, variable, or function is defined
internal function used for formats
get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method
get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine
clear all variables of a given name
force a scalar context
remove a variable or function definition
do import no package require use
turn a BLOCK into a TERM
patch a module's namespace into your own
unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time
declare a separate global namespace
load in external functions from a library at runtime
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
caller import local my our package state use
get context of the current subroutine call
patch a module's namespace into your own
create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)
declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)
declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)
declare a separate global namespace
declare and assign a persistent lexical variable
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
endprotoent endservent gethostbyaddr gethostbyname gethostent getnetbyaddr getnetbyname getnetent getprotobyname getprotobynumber getprotoent getservbyname getservbyport getservent sethostent setnetent setprotoent setservent
be done using protocols file
be done using services file
get host record given its address
get host record given name
get next hosts record
get network record given its address
get networks record given name
get next networks record
get protocol record given name
get protocol record numeric protocol
get next protocols record
get services record given its name
get services record given numeric port
get next services record
prepare hosts file for use
prepare networks file for use
prepare protocols file for use
prepare services file for use
bless dbmclose dbmopen package ref tie tied untie use
create an object
breaks binding on a tied dbm file
create binding on a tied dbm file
declare a separate global namespace
find out the type of thing being referenced
bind a variable to an object class
get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable
break a tie binding to a variable
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
alarm exec fork getpgrp getppid getpriority kill pipe qx/STRING/ readpipe setpgrp setpriority sleep system times wait waitpid
schedule a SIGALRM
abandon this program to run another
create a new process just like this one
get process group
get parent process ID
get current nice value
send a signal to a process or process group
open a pair of connected filehandles
backquote quote a string
execute a system command and collect standard output
set the process group of a process
set a process's nice value
block for some number of seconds
run a separate program
return elapsed time for self and child processes
wait for any child process to die
wait for a particular child process to die
m// pos qr/STRING/ quotemeta s/// split study
match a string with a regular expression pattern
find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search
compile pattern
quote regular expression magic characters
replace a pattern with a string
split up a string using a regexp delimiter
no-op, formerly optimized input data for repeated searches
accept bind connect getpeername getsockname getsockopt listen recv send setsockopt shutdown socket socketpair
accept an incoming socket connect
binds an address to a socket
connect to a remote socket
find the other end of a socket connection
retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket
get socket options on a given socket
register your socket as a server
receive a message over a Socket
send a message over a socket
set some socket options
close down just half of a socket connection
create a socket
create a pair of sockets
chomp chop chr crypt fc hex index lc lcfirst length oct ord pack q/STRING/ qq/STRING/ reverse rindex sprintf substr tr/// uc ucfirst y///
remove a trailing record separator from a string
remove the last character from a string
get character this number represents
one-way passwd-style encryption
return casefolded version of a string
convert a hexadecimal string to a number
find a substring within a string
return lower-case version of a string
return a string with just the next letter in lower case
return the number of characters in a string
convert a string to an octal number
find a character's numeric representation
convert a list into a binary representation
singly quote a string
doubly quote a string
flip a string or a list
right-to-left substring search
formatted print into a string
get or alter a portion of a string
transliterate a string
return upper-case version of a string
return a string with just the next letter in upper case
transliterate a string
msgctl msgget msgrcv msgsnd semctl semget semop shmctl shmget shmread shmwrite
SysV IPC message control operations
get SysV IPC message queue
receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue
send a SysV IPC message to a message queue
SysV semaphore control operations
get set of SysV semaphores
SysV semaphore operations
SysV shared memory operations
get SysV shared memory segment identifier
read SysV shared memory
write SysV shared memory
gmtime localtime time times
convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time
convert UNIX time into record or string using local time
return number of seconds since 1970
return elapsed time for self and child processes
endgrent endhostent endnetent endpwent getgrent getgrgid getgrnam getlogin getpwent getpwnam getpwuid setgrent setpwent
be done using group file
be done using hosts file
be done using networks file
be done using passwd file
get next group record
get group record given group user ID
get group record given group name
return who logged in at this tty
get next passwd record
get passwd record given user login name
get passwd record given user ID
prepare group file for use
prepare passwd file for use | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > Perl > Perl/é¢æ°",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®ãé¢æ°ãã¯ãäžããããå€ã«åºã¥ããŠå®çŸ©ãããç¬èªã®åŠçãå®è¡ãããã®çµæãè¿ãäžå¡ã®ã³ãŒãã®ããšã§ãã è±èªã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®ããšã function ãšåŒã³ããæ©èœããšèš³ãããšãã§ããŸãã Perlã®ãé¢æ°ãã«ã¯ãèšèªã³ã¢ã§å®çŸ©æžã¿ã®ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ããšãŠãŒã¶ãŒãå®çŸ©ããããµãã«ãŒãã³ããšããããŸãã ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãã€ããå Žåã«ããæçµçã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ããŒã®æã«ãããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ããåŒãããæãããã¿ããããŠäœæããããšã«ãªããŸãã åç¯ã§çŽ¹ä»ãã print é¢æ°ã¯ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã§ãã ãã®ããã«ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã¯ãååã䜿ã£ãŠåŒåºãã ãã§äœ¿ããŸãã ãã£ãœãããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯ãååã䜿ã£ãŠåŒã³åºã以åã«ãåŠçã®å
容ãããã°ã©ããŒãäœæãã(ãµãã«ãŒããå®çŸ©ãã)å¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "é¢æ°ãšã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®èšèªã³ã¢ã§å®çŸ©æžã¿ã®é¢æ°ã®ããšããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã«ã¯ my, use ã do ã®æ§ã«ãèŠãããã«æ§æèŠçŽ ãªãã®ããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ãã«åé¡ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl 5.10 ããå°å
¥ãããsay é¢æ°ã¯ãè¡æ«ã§æ¹è¡ãè¡ããŸããããã§ãéœåºŠ \\n ãæååæ«ã«èšè¿°ããæéãçããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ãæååã®äžã«å€æ°ãåŒãåã蟌ãããšãã§ãããã³ãã¬ãŒãèšèªã§ãããã®ãããªäœ¿ããããåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³æ¹æ ¹ãªã©ã®æ°åŠèšç®ãããé¢æ°ãçšæãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ããµã察çãšå¯å€åŒæ°ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããPerlçhypotã®äŸã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sin,cos ã¯çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã«ãããŸãããtan, acos ãªã©ä»ã®äžè§é¢æ°ãååšç(pi)ã䜿çšããã«ã¯ãuse宣èšã䜿ã£ãŠ Math::Trigã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããå°å
¥ããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšã®æ¥æãæå»ãªã©ãè¡šãã«ã¯ãtimeé¢æ°ããã³localtimeé¢æ°ã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "splité¢æ°ã«ã¯ãäžãããããã¿ãŒã³ã§æååãåºåãããªã¹ãã§è¿ããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãå®çŸ©ããé¢æ°ã®ããšããµãã«ãŒãã³( subroutine )ãšåŒã³ãããŒã¯ãŒãsubã䜿ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ãšåŒåºãã¯ã説æããããšãã»ãšãã©ãªãã»ã©ç°¡åã§ãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ããå
ã«ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºãå¿
èŠãããããšããããŸã(å
žåçã«ã¯ããäºãã«åŒã³åãé¢æ°)ã ãã®å Žåã¯ãåŒåºããšã« & ãå眮ãããããµãã«ãŒãã³å®£èšããµãã«ãŒãã³åŒåºã®åã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååºã®äŸã¯ãã»ãšãã©åãå
容ã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã2ã€çšæããŸãããã1ã€ã«ãŸãšããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååºã®äŸã¯ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸããããã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã¯ããŒã¿ãŒãããŒçãªã¹ãã²ãã£ãŒã³ãŒãã«çŽçµããã®ã§ãåŒæ°ã䜿ã£ãŠã¹ããŒãã«å®è£
ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã® @_ ã«ããåŒæ°ã®åæž¡ãã¯ãPerlã§ã¯çŽ20幎ã«æž¡ã£ãŠäœ¿ãããŠããŸããããä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ããã«ååä»ãã®ä»®åŒæ°ã欲ãããšã®èŠæã¯æ ¹åŒ·ããã·ã°ããã£ãŒãšããŠv5.20.0ããå®éšçãªæ©èœãšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§ãåŒæ°ãååããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯èããå€ããããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã 次ã«ããå€ãè¿ãæ段ããåé¡ã«ãªããŸãã ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠå€ãè¿ãããã§ãããããŒã¿ãŒãããŒçãªã¹ãã²ãã£ãŒã³ãŒããã«ãªãã®ã§ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®ãæ»å€ãã䜿ã£ãŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸãŸã§ã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å€ãè¿ããŸããã§ããããPerlã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å€ã1ã€è¿ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒæ°ãšæ»å€ãæã«å
¥ã£ãã®ã§ãååž°çåŒåºããè¡ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãæžããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽæ°ã®çŽ¯ä¹ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ pow ãæžããŠã¿ãŸããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽæ°ã3æ¡ããšã«ã«ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠè¡šç€ºãããµãã«ãŒãã³ comma3 ãæžããŠã¿ãŸããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååž°ã§å¿
ãåäžãããããã£ããããæ°åãšã¡ã¢åãé¡æã«ããã³ãããŒã¯ãã¹ããè¡ã£ãŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³èªèº«ãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ __SUB__ ã䜿ããšç¡åé¢æ°ã®ååž°ãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååºã®äŸã§ãåŒæ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèããå€ããããšãã§ããŸããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ©èœçã«ã¯å
足ããŠããã®ã§ãããååä»ãã®ä»®åŒæ°ãæã声ã¯ä»¥åãããããPerl 5.20.0 ãããå®éšçã( experimental )ãªã·ã°ããã£ãŒã®å®è£
ãè¡ãªãããPerl 5.26.0 ããã³ã¢æ©èœã®1ã€ãšãªããŸããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sort ã®ããã«ãã³ãŒããããã¯ãåŒæ°ãšãããµãã«ãŒãã³ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° map ãæš¡å£ãããµãã«ãŒãã³ mapx ãå®è£
ããŸãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã« reduce ããªãã£ãã®ã§å®è£
ããŸããã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã« grep ã¯ãå€ãã®èšèªã§ filter ã®ååã§ç¥ãããé¢æ°ã§ãã",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ãŒã«ã«é¢ããç°¡çŽ ãªèª¬æ]",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«é¢ããäŸããµãã ãã«äœ¿ã£ã解説]",
"title": "ãµãã«ãŒãã³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my ã§å®£èšããå€æ°(ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°)ã¯ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãæãããšåŸ¡ç Žç®ã«ãªããŸãããstate ã§å®£èšããå€æ°ã¯ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãããã®ã®æ¬¡ã«ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒã°ãããšããå€ãæ¶ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°žç¶çã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºããŠããã¹ã«ã©ãŒãæ»ãããšãæåŸ
ããŠããæè(ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ã)ãšããªã¹ããæ»ãããšãæåŸ
ããŠããæè(ãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ã)ã®2éãããããŸãã ãã®2ã€ã®ã±ãŒã¹ãå€å¥ããããã« wantarray é¢æ°ãçšæãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã³ããã¹ããšwantarrayé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "chomp chop chr crypt fc hex index lc lcfirst length oct ord pack q/STRING/ qq/STRING/ reverse rindex sprintf substr tr/// uc ucfirst y///",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¹ãã®ãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãPerlã䜿ã£ãŠãããšåºŠã
ãã©ãã«ã®ããšã«ãªãã®ã§ãåé¿æ¹æ³ã幟ã€ãããäºãç¥ã£ãŠãããšãä»äººã®æžããã³ãŒããèªããšããªã©ã«åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã ããã§çŽ¹ä»ããæ¹æ³ã®ä»ã«ãæ代ããã®jcode.plãªã©ãããã®ã§ãããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ç¯å²ã®èª¬æã«çããŸããã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåå EXPR ãããOFFSET ç®ä»¥éã®ãã€ãåãè¿ããŸããåãåºãé·ã LENGTH ããã€ãåäœã§æå®ã§ããŸãããçç¥ããå Žåã¯æååã®æåŸãŸã§åãåºããŸãããªããutf8ãã©ã°ããæå¹ãªå Žåã¯ããã€ãåäœã§ã¯ãªãæååäœã§åãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœçœ®æ
å ± OFFSET ã¯äžè¿°ã®ãšãã 0 ããå§ãŸããŸãããLENGTH ã¯å®¹éãªã®ã§é垞㯠1 以äžã®å€ãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåå REPLACEMENT ãæå®ãããšãåãåºãããéšåã REPLACEMENT ã§çœ®æããŸãã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããåèªã¯ã©ãŒãã詳现ã¯æŒç®åã®ç« ãåç
§ã",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "each keys pop push shift splice unshift values",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve list of indices from a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove the last element from an array and return it",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "append one or more elements to an array",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove the first element of an array, and return it",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "add or remove elements anywhere in an array",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepend more elements to the beginning of a list",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return a list of the values in a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "pack read syscall sysread sysseek syswrite unpack vec",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a list into a binary representation",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "execute an arbitrary system call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert binary structure into normal perl variables",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "test or set particular bits in a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-X chdir chmod chown chroot fcntl glob ioctl link lstat mkdir open opendir readlink rename rmdir select stat symlink sysopen umask unlink utime",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a file test (-r, -x, etc)",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "change your current working directory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "changes the permissions on a list of files",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "change the ownership on a list of files",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "make directory new root for path lookups",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "file control system call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "expand filenames using wildcards",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "system-dependent device control system call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a hard link in the filesystem",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "stat a symbolic link",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a directory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "open a file, pipe, or descriptor",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "open a directory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "determine where a symbolic link is pointing",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "change a filename",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove a directory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "reset default output or do I/O multiplexing",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get a file's status information",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a symbolic link to a file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "open a file, pipe, or descriptor",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "set file creation mode mask",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove one link to a file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "set a file's last access and modify times",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "break caller continue die do dump eval evalbytes exit __FILE__ goto last __LINE__ next __PACKAGE__ redo return sub __SUB__ wantarray",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "break out of a C<given> block",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get context of the current subroutine call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "optional trailing block in a while or foreach",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "raise an exception or bail out",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "turn a BLOCK into a TERM",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create an immediate core dump",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "catch exceptions or compile and run code",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "similar to string eval, but intend to parse a bytestream",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "terminate this program",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "the name of the current source file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create spaghetti code",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "exit a block prematurely",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "the current source line number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "iterate a block prematurely",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "the current package",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "start this loop iteration over again",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get out of a function early",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "the current subroutine, or C<undef> if not in a subroutine",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "delete each exists keys values",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "deletes a value from a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "test whether a hash key is present",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve list of indices from a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return a list of the values in a hash",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "binmode close closedir dbmclose dbmopen die eof fileno flock format getc print printf read readdir readline rewinddir say seek seekdir select syscall sysread sysseek syswrite tell telldir truncate warn write",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare binary files for I/O",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "close file (or pipe or socket) handle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "close directory handle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "breaks binding on a tied dbm file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create binding on a tied dbm file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "raise an exception or bail out",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "test a filehandle for its end",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return file descriptor from filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "lock an entire file with an advisory lock",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare a picture format with use by the write() function",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get the next character from the filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "output a list to a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "output a formatted list to a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get a directory from a directory handle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fetch a record from a file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "reset directory handle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "output a list to a filehandle, appending a newline",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "reposition file pointer for random-access I/O",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "reposition directory pointer",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "reset default output or do I/O multiplexing",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "execute an arbitrary system call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get current seekpointer on a filehandle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get current seekpointer on a directory handle",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "shorten a file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "print debugging info",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "print a picture record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "grep join map qw/STRING/ reverse sort unpack",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "join a list into a string using a separator",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "quote a list of words",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "flip a string or a list",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "sort a list of values",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert binary structure into normal perl variables",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "abs atan2 cos exp hex int log oct rand sin sqrt srand",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "absolute value function",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "cosine function",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "raise I<e> to a power",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a hexadecimal string to a number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get the integer portion of a number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve the natural logarithm for a number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a string to an octal number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve the next pseudorandom number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return the sine of a number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "square root function",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "seed the random number generator",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "defined formline lock prototype reset scalar undef",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "test whether a value, variable, or function is defined",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "internal function used for formats",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "clear all variables of a given name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "force a scalar context",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove a variable or function definition",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "do import no package require use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "turn a BLOCK into a TERM",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "patch a module's namespace into your own",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare a separate global namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "load in external functions from a library at runtime",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "load in a module at compile time and import its namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "caller import local my our package state use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get context of the current subroutine call",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "patch a module's namespace into your own",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare a separate global namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare and assign a persistent lexical variable",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "load in a module at compile time and import its namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "endprotoent endservent gethostbyaddr gethostbyname gethostent getnetbyaddr getnetbyname getnetent getprotobyname getprotobynumber getprotoent getservbyname getservbyport getservent sethostent setnetent setprotoent setservent",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using protocols file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using services file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get host record given its address",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get host record given name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next hosts record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get network record given its address",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get networks record given name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next networks record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get protocol record given name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get protocol record numeric protocol",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next protocols record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get services record given its name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get services record given numeric port",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next services record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare hosts file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare networks file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare protocols file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare services file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "bless dbmclose dbmopen package ref tie tied untie use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create an object",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "breaks binding on a tied dbm file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create binding on a tied dbm file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "declare a separate global namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "find out the type of thing being referenced",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "bind a variable to an object class",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "break a tie binding to a variable",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "load in a module at compile time and import its namespace",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "alarm exec fork getpgrp getppid getpriority kill pipe qx/STRING/ readpipe setpgrp setpriority sleep system times wait waitpid",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "schedule a SIGALRM",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "abandon this program to run another",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a new process just like this one",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get process group",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get parent process ID",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get current nice value",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "send a signal to a process or process group",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "open a pair of connected filehandles",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "backquote quote a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "execute a system command and collect standard output",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "set the process group of a process",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "set a process's nice value",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "block for some number of seconds",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "run a separate program",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return elapsed time for self and child processes",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "wait for any child process to die",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "wait for a particular child process to die",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m// pos qr/STRING/ quotemeta s/// split study",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "match a string with a regular expression pattern",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "compile pattern",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "quote regular expression magic characters",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "replace a pattern with a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "split up a string using a regexp delimiter",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"tag": "p",
"text": "no-op, formerly optimized input data for repeated searches",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"tag": "p",
"text": "accept bind connect getpeername getsockname getsockopt listen recv send setsockopt shutdown socket socketpair",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"tag": "p",
"text": "accept an incoming socket connect",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"tag": "p",
"text": "binds an address to a socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"tag": "p",
"text": "connect to a remote socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"tag": "p",
"text": "find the other end of a socket connection",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"tag": "p",
"text": "retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 248,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get socket options on a given socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 249,
"tag": "p",
"text": "register your socket as a server",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 250,
"tag": "p",
"text": "receive a message over a Socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 251,
"tag": "p",
"text": "send a message over a socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 252,
"tag": "p",
"text": "set some socket options",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 253,
"tag": "p",
"text": "close down just half of a socket connection",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 254,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a socket",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 255,
"tag": "p",
"text": "create a pair of sockets",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 256,
"tag": "p",
"text": "chomp chop chr crypt fc hex index lc lcfirst length oct ord pack q/STRING/ qq/STRING/ reverse rindex sprintf substr tr/// uc ucfirst y///",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 257,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove a trailing record separator from a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 258,
"tag": "p",
"text": "remove the last character from a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 259,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get character this number represents",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 260,
"tag": "p",
"text": "one-way passwd-style encryption",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 261,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return casefolded version of a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 262,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a hexadecimal string to a number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 263,
"tag": "p",
"text": "find a substring within a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 264,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return lower-case version of a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 265,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return a string with just the next letter in lower case",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 266,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return the number of characters in a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 267,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a string to an octal number",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 268,
"tag": "p",
"text": "find a character's numeric representation",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 269,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert a list into a binary representation",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 270,
"tag": "p",
"text": "singly quote a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 271,
"tag": "p",
"text": "doubly quote a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 272,
"tag": "p",
"text": "flip a string or a list",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 273,
"tag": "p",
"text": "right-to-left substring search",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 274,
"tag": "p",
"text": "formatted print into a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 275,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get or alter a portion of a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 276,
"tag": "p",
"text": "transliterate a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 277,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return upper-case version of a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 278,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return a string with just the next letter in upper case",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 279,
"tag": "p",
"text": "transliterate a string",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 280,
"tag": "p",
"text": "msgctl msgget msgrcv msgsnd semctl semget semop shmctl shmget shmread shmwrite",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 281,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SysV IPC message control operations",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 282,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get SysV IPC message queue",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 283,
"tag": "p",
"text": "receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 284,
"tag": "p",
"text": "send a SysV IPC message to a message queue",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 285,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SysV semaphore control operations",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 286,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get set of SysV semaphores",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 287,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SysV semaphore operations",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 288,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SysV shared memory operations",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 289,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get SysV shared memory segment identifier",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 290,
"tag": "p",
"text": "read SysV shared memory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 291,
"tag": "p",
"text": "write SysV shared memory",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 292,
"tag": "p",
"text": "gmtime localtime time times",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 293,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 294,
"tag": "p",
"text": "convert UNIX time into record or string using local time",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 295,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return number of seconds since 1970",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 296,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return elapsed time for self and child processes",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 297,
"tag": "p",
"text": "endgrent endhostent endnetent endpwent getgrent getgrgid getgrnam getlogin getpwent getpwnam getpwuid setgrent setpwent",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 298,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using group file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 299,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using hosts file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 300,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using networks file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 301,
"tag": "p",
"text": "be done using passwd file",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 302,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next group record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 303,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get group record given group user ID",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 304,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get group record given group name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 305,
"tag": "p",
"text": "return who logged in at this tty",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 306,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get next passwd record",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 307,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get passwd record given user login name",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 308,
"tag": "p",
"text": "get passwd record given user ID",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 309,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare group file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 310,
"tag": "p",
"text": "prepare passwd file for use",
"title": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§"
}
] | ããã°ã©ãã³ã°Â > Perl > Perl/é¢æ°
| <noinclude>
{{Nav}}
{{Pathnav|ããã°ã©ãã³ã°|Perl}}
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
=é¢æ°=
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
== é¢æ°ãšã¯ ==
Perlã®ãé¢æ°ãã¯ãäžããããå€ã«åºã¥ããŠå®çŸ©ãããç¬èªã®åŠçãå®è¡ãããã®çµæãè¿ãäžå¡ã®ã³ãŒãã®ããšã§ãã
è±èªã§ã¯é¢æ°ã®ããšã ''function'' ãšåŒã³ããæ©èœããšèš³ãããšãã§ããŸãã
Perlã®ãé¢æ°ãã«ã¯ãèšèªã³ã¢ã§å®çŸ©æžã¿ã®ã[[#çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°|çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°]]ããšãŠãŒã¶ãŒãå®çŸ©ããã[[#ãµãã«ãŒãã³|ãµãã«ãŒãã³]]ããšããããŸãã
ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãã€ããå Žåã«ããæçµçã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ããŒã®æã«ãããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ããåŒãããæãããã¿ããããŠäœæããããšã«ãªããŸãã
åç¯ã§çŽ¹ä»ãã <code>print</code> é¢æ°ã¯ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã§ãã
ãã®ããã«ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã¯ãååã䜿ã£ãŠåŒåºãã ãã§äœ¿ããŸãã
ãã£ãœãããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯ãååã䜿ã£ãŠåŒã³åºã以åã«ãåŠçã®å
容ãããã°ã©ããŒãäœæããïŒãµãã«ãŒããå®çŸ©ããïŒå¿
èŠããããŸãã
== çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° ==
Perlã®èšèªã³ã¢ã§å®çŸ©æžã¿ã®é¢æ°ã®ããšããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ããšèšããŸãã
äžã«ã¯ [[#my|my]], [[#use|use]] ã [[#do|do]] ã®æ§ã«ãèŠãããã«æ§æèŠçŽ ãªãã®ããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ãã«åé¡ãããŠããŸãã
=== åºæ¬çãªé¢æ° ===
==== printé¢æ° ====
;æ©èœ:printé¢æ°ã¯ãåŒæ°ã§äžããããæååãæååã®ãªã¹ããæšæºåºåã«åºåããŸããåŒæ°ãäžããããªãã£ããšã㯠<code>$_</code> ãåºåãããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/Isiw6BqruLhVNGQFCFCSQQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
print "Hello, World\n";
print "Hello, Perl\n"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
:printé¢æ°ã¯ãè¡æ«ã§æ¹è¡ããªãã®ã§ãããæ¹è¡ããããå Žåã«ã¯æ瀺çã«ãšã¹ã±ãŒãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ <code>\n</code> ãæååã®æ«å°Ÿã«å ããŸãã
==== sayé¢æ° ====
Perl 5.10 ããå°å
¥ãããsay é¢æ°ã¯ãè¡æ«ã§æ¹è¡ãè¡ããŸããããã§ãéœåºŠ <code>\n</code> ãæååæ«ã«èšè¿°ããæéãçããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/kCCvuvfgVSM9IGX84QE1cg?language=perl çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° say]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight="6-8">
use strict;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
use feature "say";
use feature ':5.10';
use v5.10;
say "Hello";
say "Yes!";
say "Boodbye";
my $message = "ããã«ã¡ã¯";
say $message;
</syntaxhighlight>
: say ã䜿ãã«ã¯ã6-8 è¡ç®ã® use 宣èšã®ããããïŒã€ãå¿
èŠã§ãã
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use feature "say";
use feature ':5.10';
use v5.10;
</syntaxhighlight>
:#<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use feature "say";
</syntaxhighlight>
:#:say ãåæãã§æå¹åããŠããŸãããå§ãã§ãã
:##<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use feature qw(say switch);
</syntaxhighlight>
:##: ã®æ§ã«ïŒã€ä»¥äžãåæããããšãã§ããŸãã
:#<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use feature ':5.10';
</syntaxhighlight>
:#: ããŒãžã§ã³ 5.10 以éã®æ©èœãå
šãŠæå¹ã«ããŸããææ©ãåããããã«ã¯ããã®ã§ããéå°ã§ãã
:#<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.10;
</syntaxhighlight>
:#: æå³çã«ã¯äžãšåãã§ãããããç°¡çŽ ã§ããå€åäžçªå€ã䜿ãããŠããŸãã
;CORE<nowiki>::</nowiki>say:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight="6-8">
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
CORE::say "Hello world!";
</syntaxhighlight>
: CORE<nowiki>::</nowiki>ãå眮ãããšãã©ã°ãã䜿ããã« sayé¢æ°ã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
: ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒãæžãæšãŠã®ã¹ã¯ãªããã«åããŠããŸãã
: CORE ã¯Perlã³ã¢ã«ãŒãã³ã®åå空éã§ãã
==== æååã«å€æ°ãåŒãå蟌ã ====
Perlã§ã¯ãæååã®äžã«å€æ°ãåŒãåã蟌ãããšãã§ãããã³ãã¬ãŒãèšèªã§ãããã®ãããªäœ¿ããããåºæ¥ãŸãã
:length ã¯æååã®é·ããè¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/dTI0m8Arb3XFoZUXcGo4kA?language=perl æååã«å€æ°ãåŒãå蟌ã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $x = "aeiou";
my $tmp = length $x;
say "length \"$x\" -> $tmp";
say "length \"aeiou\" -> @{[length 'aeiou']}";
say qq(length "aeiou" -> @{[length 'aeiou']});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
length "aeiou" -> 5
length "aeiou" -> 5
length "aeiou" -> 5
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãã®æ§ã«ã<code>â</code>ïŒããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ïŒã«å²ãŸããæååã®äžã§ã¯ <code>$å€æ°</code> ã§åŒã®å€ãã<code>@{[åŒ]}</code> ã§åŒã®å€ãæååã«å蟌ãŸããŸãã
::å³å¯ã«è§£èª¬ããã«ã¯ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ããšãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãã®èª¬æãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ããããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãªã©ã®èª¬æãå¿
é ãªã®ã§ãæ©äŒãèŠãŠäžæ¬ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
: qw// æŒç®åã䜿ããšãå€æ°ãåŒãå±éããæååã®äžã§
:<code>â</code>ïŒããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ïŒã§ã¯ãªãã<code>â</code>ïŒã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ïŒã§å²ãŸããæååã§ã¯ãå€æ°ãåŒã¯å±éãããŸããã
==== æ°åŠé¢æ° ====
===== åºæ¬çãªæ°åŠé¢æ° =====
å¹³æ¹æ ¹ãªã©ã®æ°åŠèšç®ãããé¢æ°ãçšæãããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/AjzHuhdjMmEhQSMbw_Ufsg?language=perl æå°ã®ãã¿ãŽã©ã¹æ°]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.20.0;
use warnings;
say "sqrt(3**2 + 4**2) --> @{[sqrt(3**2 + 4**2)]}";
use POSIX "hypot";
say "hypot(3, 4) --> @{[ hypot(3, 4) ]}"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
sqrt(3**2 + 4**2) --> 5
hypot(3, 4) --> 5
</syntaxhighlight>
: Perlã®çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° sqrt ã䜿ã£ãŠèªä¹åã®å¹³æ¹æ ¹ãæ±ããŠããŸãã
: èªä¹ã¯çµæããªãŒããŒãããŒãããã¯ã¢ã³ããŒãããŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ãããã®ã§ã察çããã hypot ã䜿ãã®ãå®ç³ã§ãã
: ã§ãããPerlã®çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã«ãMathã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ã hypot ã¯ãªããPOSIXã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ãããŸãã
: ãã®å Žåã<code>use POSIX "hypot";</code>ã§ã¯ãªã<code>use POSIX;</code>ã§å
åãªã®ã§ãããPOSIXããhypotãæã£ãŠããŠããæå€æ§ãäŒããããæ瀺ããŸããã
: åŒåºãåŽã§ã<code>POSIX::hypot(3, 4)</code> ãšããã®ãåºæ¿çã§ãããè€æ°ç®æãããšé¬±é¶ããã®ã§ use åŽã§å¯ŸåŠããŸããã
====== hypot.pl ======
æ¡ããµã察çãšå¯å€åŒæ°ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããPerlçhypotã®äŸã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/kwxdBFQhFJD82gYMtbA0Vw?language=perl hypot.pl]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use POSIX;
sub hypot {
my ( $max, $s ) = ( 0, 0 );
foreach my $n (@_) {
next if $n == 0;
return $n if $n != $n; # for NaN
my $arg = abs($n);
return $n if $n == "Inf"; # for Inf
if ( $arg > $max ) {
$s *= ( $max / $arg ) * ( $max / $arg ) if $max != 0;
$max = $arg;
}
$s += ( $arg / $max ) * ( $arg / $max );
}
return $max * sqrt($s);
}
if ( $0 eq __FILE__ ) {
foreach my $i ( -1075 .. -1073, -540 .. -538, 0 .. 2, 508 .. 511, 1021 .. 1024 ) {
my $j = 2**$i;
my ( $n, $m ) = ( 3 * $j, 4 * $j );
say "$i: @{[ 5 * $j ]} @{[ sqrt($n*$n + $m*$m) ]} @{[ ::hypot($n, $m) ]} @{[ POSIX::hypot($n, $m) ]}";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
-1075: 0 0 0 0
-1074: 2.47032822920623e-323 0 2.47032822920623e-323 2.47032822920623e-323
-1073: 4.94065645841247e-323 0 4.94065645841247e-323 4.94065645841247e-323
-540: 1.38922421842817e-162 0 1.38922421842817e-162 1.38922421842817e-162
-539: 2.77844843685635e-162 3.14345556940526e-162 2.77844843685635e-162 2.77844843685635e-162
-538: 5.55689687371269e-162 5.44462475754526e-162 5.55689687371269e-162 5.55689687371269e-162
0: 5 5 5 5
1: 10 10 10 10
2: 20 20 20 20
508: 4.18993997810706e+153 4.18993997810706e+153 4.18993997810706e+153 4.18993997810706e+153
509: 8.37987995621412e+153 8.37987995621412e+153 8.37987995621412e+153 8.37987995621412e+153
510: 1.67597599124282e+154 Inf 1.67597599124282e+154 1.67597599124282e+154
511: 3.35195198248565e+154 Inf 3.35195198248565e+154 3.35195198248565e+154
1021: 1.12355820928895e+308 Inf 1.12355820928895e+308 1.12355820928895e+308
1022: Inf Inf Inf Inf
1023: Inf Inf Inf Inf
1024: Inf Inf Inf Inf
</syntaxhighlight>
: Perlã«ã¯ãCã® isnan() ã isfinite() ã«çžåœããé¢æ°ããªãã®ã§ããããã <code>$n != $n</code> ãš <code>abs($n) == "Inf"</code> ãšããŸããã
:: POSIXã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ã¯isfiniteé¢æ°ãããã®ã§ãããã䜿ãã°ããã®ã§ãããPOSIX::hypotã®ä»£æ¿å®è£
ãªã®ã§å©çšãèŠéããŸããã
===== äžè§é¢æ°ãªã© =====
sin,cos ã¯çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã«ãããŸãããtan, acos ãªã©ä»ã®äžè§é¢æ°ãååšçïŒpiïŒã䜿çšããã«ã¯ãuse宣èšã䜿ã£ãŠ Math::Trigã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããå°å
¥ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/GyO8xRXjKsGkXzuvl2L9wQ?language=perl äœåŒŠé¢æ°ãšéäœåŒŠé¢æ°]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight=4>
use 5.30.0;
use warnings;
use Math::Trig qw(pi acos);
say "cos(pi) -> cos(@{[pi]}) -> @{[cos(pi)]}";
say "acos(-1) -> @{[acos(-1)]}"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
cos(pi) -> cos(3.14159265358979) -> -1
acos(-1) -> 3.14159265358979
</syntaxhighlight>
:ååšçã¯ãMath::Trigã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå°å
¥ãããšäœ¿ããããã«ãªããŸããã<code>$pi</code>ã§ã¯ãªã <code>pi</code>ã§ãã
:: æååäžã§åç
§ããå Žå㯠<code>"@{[pi]}"</code> ãšãªããŸãã
: Perlã®äžè§é¢æ°ã®è§åºŠã®åäœã¯å€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªåæ§ã©ãžã¢ã³ïŒåŒ§åºŠæ³ïŒã§ãã
: æ£åŒŠsinãšäœåŒŠcosã¯Perlã®èšèªã³ã¢ã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãããæ£æ¥tanã¯Math::Trigã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãã
:: Math::Trigã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ã¯ãpiãªã©ã®å®æ°ãä»ã®äžè§é¢æ°é¢é£ã®è«žé¢æ°ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãã
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/Math::Trig perldoc Math::Trig]}}
==== æ¥ä»æå»é¢ä¿ã®é¢æ° ====
çŸåšã®æ¥æãæå»ãªã©ãè¡šãã«ã¯ãtimeé¢æ°ããã³localtimeé¢æ°ã䜿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/4-FKQ--QuCFTcHN321xcsA?language=perl ãšããã¯ããã®ç§æ°ãšãããŒã«ã«æå»]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight=4>
use v5.30;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime(time());
say "time() -> @{[time()]}";
say "ããŸã¯ã@{[1900 + $year]} 幎 @{[1 + $mon]} æ $mday æ¥ $hour æ $min å $sec ç§ã§ãã";
use POSIX "strftime";
say strftime "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", localtime();
say strftime "%c", localtime();
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
time() -> 1668851859
ããŸã¯ã2022 幎 11 æ 19 æ¥ 9 æ 57 å 39 ç§ã§ãã
2022/11/19 09:57:39
Sat 19 Nov 2022 09:57:39 AM UTC
</syntaxhighlight>
;説æ
:timeé¢æ°ã¯ããšããã¯ïŒ1970幎1æ1æ¥0æ0å0ç§(UTC) ïŒããã®éç®ç§ãè¿ããŸãã
:localtimeé¢æ°ã¯ããšããã¯ããã®éç®ç§åœ¢åŒã®åŒæ°ãã幎ææ¥æåç§ã®èŠçŽ ã«å解ããªã¹ãã§è¿ããŸãã
::localtimeé¢æ°ã¯ãåŒæ°ãçç¥ãããš time()ãä»®å®ãããã®ã§ããã®äŸã§ã®åŒæ°ã¯åé·ã§ãã
: localtimeãè¿ããªã¹ããæäœããã«ã¯1900ã足ãããææ°ã®è£æ£ããããé¢åã§ãïŒããééããŸãïŒã
: POSIXã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã® strftime ã䜿ããšãCã®strftime()ãšåãïŒæ£ç¢ºã«ã¯POSIXãšåãïŒæžåŒåæååãã€ããå¯èªæ§ãåäžããŸãã䜿ããŸãããã
: DateTimeã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãããã®ã§ãããPerlæµã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æ§æã§æžãããŠããã®ã§ãçŽæçãšã¯èšãé£ãã³ãŒãã«ãªããŸãã䜿ããªãšãŸã§ã¯èšããŸããã
==== splité¢æ° ====
splité¢æ°ã«ã¯ãäžãããããã¿ãŒã³ã§æååãåºåãããªã¹ãã§è¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/8JO5ecVl3w4IKNg0tncUmg?language=perl split]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight=6>
use v5.30;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my @list = split(/ /, 'çŠæ åŠæ 匥ç å¯æ çæ æ°Žç¡æ ææ èæ é·æ ç¥ç¡æ é§æ åž«èµ°');
for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#list; $i++){
say qq(@{[$i+1]}æ: $list[$i]);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1æ: çŠæ
2æ: åŠæ
3æ: 匥ç
4æ: å¯æ
5æ: çæ
6æ: æ°Žç¡æ
7æ: ææ
8æ: èæ
9æ: é·æ
10æ: ç¥ç¡æ
11æ: é§æ
12æ: åž«èµ°
</syntaxhighlight>
== ãµãã«ãŒãã³ ==
{{Main|[https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/perlsub perlsub(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlsub.pod perlsub(ja)]}}
Perlã§ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãå®çŸ©ããé¢æ°ã®ããšããµãã«ãŒãã³( ''subroutine'' )ãšåŒã³ãããŒã¯ãŒã<code>sub</code>ã䜿ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
=== ã·ã³ãã«ãªãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ãšåŒåºã ===
ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ãšåŒåºãã¯ã説æããããšãã»ãšãã©ãªãã»ã©ç°¡åã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/ahyDWYUS_WdFUG1H1TAKbw?language=perl ã·ã³ãã«ãªãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ãšåŒåºã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="4-6,8-10,12,13,15,16">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub world {
say "Hello, World";
}
sub perl {
say "Hello, Perl";
}
&world;
&perl;
world;
perl;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
: 4-6ãé¢æ°worldã®å®çŸ©
: 8-10ãé¢æ°perlã®å®çŸ©
:: èŠããŸãŸã§ã
: 12,15 ãé¢æ°worldã®åŒåºã
: 13,16 ãé¢æ°perlã®åŒåºã
:: èŠããŸãŸã§ããã<code>&</code>ãå眮ãããŠããªããŠãããããŠããŠãåããšããã®ã¯éç¶ãšããŸããã
:: ãã® <code>&</code> ã¯ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã§ã¯å眮ã§ããŸããã
:: ãšããããã§ã<code>&</code> ãé¢æ°åŒåºãã§å眮ããã®ã¯ããçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã§ã¯ãªããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒãã§ããŸãããšããæå³ã«ãªããŸãã
:: ãŸãã<code>&</code> ãçç¥ãããš[[#ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®£èš|ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®£èš]]ããåã«ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
=== ãµãã«ãŒãã³å®£èš ===
ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å®çŸ©ããå
ã«ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºãå¿
èŠãããããšããããŸãïŒå
žåçã«ã¯ããäºãã«åŒã³åãé¢æ°ïŒã
ãã®å Žåã¯ãåŒåºããšã« <code>&</code> ãå眮ãããããµãã«ãŒãã³å®£èšããµãã«ãŒãã³åŒåºã®åã«ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/YCbleN8uFaa1BNzXrHB9mQ?language=perl ãµãã«ãŒãã³å®£èš]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="4,5,7,10">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
&world;
&perl;
sub world;
world;
sub perl;
perl;
sub world {
say "Hello, World";
}
sub perl {
say "Hello, Perl";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
Hello, World
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
: 4,5㯠& ãå眮ããŠããã®ã§ã宣èšããªããŠããµãã«ãŒãã³ãšãããã
: 7,10ããµãã«ãŒãã³å®£èšã§ããµãã«ãŒãã³å®çŸ©ã®åæ¹åç
§ã解決ããŸãã
=== ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèãã®å€æŽ ===
ååºã®äŸã¯ãã»ãšãã©åãå
容ã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãïŒã€çšæããŸããããïŒã€ã«ãŸãšããŠã¿ãŸãããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/MBw8XjvoxM7yMMXkbd1CdQ?language=perl ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèãã®å€æŽ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="5,8,12,14">
use v5.30.0;
no strict;
use warnings;
$who = "WHO!";
sub hello {
say "Hello, $who";
}
&hello;
$who = "world";
&hello;
$who = "Perl";
&hello;</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, WHO!
Hello, world
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
: ã°ããŒãã«å€æ° <var>$who</var> ã䜿ã£ãŠã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®åŸåãå€ããŠããŸãã
: ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ã§åããŸããããã€ãŠã®FORTRANãBASICã¯ããŸãã«ãã®ããã«ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã§ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããŠããŸããã
: ããããïŒè¡ç®ã®<code>no strict;</code>ã§æ瀺çã« strict ãç¡å¹ã«ããªããã°ãšã©ãŒãåºãã»ã©ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã®äœ¿çšã¯'''æšå¥šãããªã'''æ¹æ³ã§ãã
=== åŒæ°ã䜿ã£ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèãã®å€æŽ ===
ååºã®äŸã¯ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸããããã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã¯ããŒã¿ãŒãããŒçãªã¹ãã²ãã£ãŒã³ãŒãã«çŽçµããã®ã§ãåŒæ°ã䜿ã£ãŠã¹ããŒãã«å®è£
ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/NvuWuRBObB3oqD2kq1iFnQ?language=perl åŒæ°ã䜿ã£ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèãã®å€æŽ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="5,6">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub hello {
my $who = shift;
$who //= "WHO?!";
say "Hello, $who";
}
&hello();
&hello("world");
&hello("Perl");
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, WHO?!
Hello, world
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
:;åŒæ°ã®åãåã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=4>
my $who = shift;
</syntaxhighlight>
::Perlã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®åŒæ°ã¯ãååãæã£ãä»®åŒæ°ã§ã¯ãªãç¹æ®å€æ° <var>@_</var> ã«é
åãšããŠæž¡ãããŸãã
:: 第äžåŒæ°ã <code>$_[0]</code> ãšãªããŸãã
:: åã°å®åæãªã®ã§ãããåŒæ°ãå·Šããé ã«èªãåäœã <code>shift</code>ïŒshift @_ ã®æå³ïŒ ãšç¬Šåããã®ã§ããããããååïŒãã®å Žå㯠<var>$who</var>ïŒã®å€æ°ã宣èšã <code>shift</code> ã§åæåããã³ãŒããè¯ãèŠãããŸãã
:: ããŒã¯ãŒã <code>my</code> ãå眮ããŠå®£èšããå€æ°ã¯ãã'''ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°'''ããšãªãããµãã«ãŒãã³ïŒãã®å Žå㯠helloïŒãæãããšåç
§ã§ããªããªããããäžåºŠåããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒãã§ããããéãå€ã«ãªã£ãŠãŸãïŒéæ°žç¶çãªã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãïŒã
:;ãã£ãã©ã«ãåŒæ°:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=5>
$who //= "WHO?!";
</syntaxhighlight>
::Perlã«ã¯ããã£ãã©ã«ãåŒæ°ã®æ§æã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãåŒæ°ãæž¡ãããªãã£ãå Žåã®æ¢å®å€ïŒãã£ãã©ã«ãïŒãæå®ããã«ã¯ããã®ãããªã€ãã£ãªã ã«ãªããŸãã
ãã® @_ ã«ããåŒæ°ã®åæž¡ãã¯ãPerlã§ã¯çŽïŒïŒå¹Žã«æž¡ã£ãŠäœ¿ãããŠããŸããããä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ããã«ååä»ãã®ä»®åŒæ°ã欲ãããšã®èŠæã¯æ ¹åŒ·ããã·ã°ããã£ãŒãšããŠv5.20.0ãã'''å®éšç'''ãªæ©èœãšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããŸãã
{{See also|[[#ã·ã°ããã£ãŒ]]}}
=== æ»å€ãšååž° ===
ãããŸã§ã§ãåŒæ°ãååããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯èããå€ããããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã
次ã«ããå€ãè¿ãæ段ããåé¡ã«ãªããŸãã
ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠå€ãè¿ãããã§ãããããŒã¿ãŒãããŒçãªã¹ãã²ãã£ãŒã³ãŒããã«ãªãã®ã§ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®ãæ»å€ãã䜿ã£ãŠã¿ãŸãããã
==== æ»å€ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ ====
ããŸãŸã§ã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å€ãè¿ããŸããã§ããããPerlã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å€ãïŒã€è¿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/NBXcY50TNs_cU1xGQcEOmg?language=perl æ»å€ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="6,11">
use strict;
use warnings;
sub add {
my ($x, $y) = @_;
return $x + $y;
}
print("add(12, 9) -> @{[add(12, 9)]}\n");
print("add(1.2, 0.9) -> @{[add(1.2, 0.9)]}\n");
print("add(123, '89') -> @{[add(123, '89')]}\n");
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
add(12, 9) -> 21
add(1.2, 0.9) -> 2.1
add(123, '89') -> 212
</syntaxhighlight>
:;æ»å€ãè¿ãæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=6>
return $x + $y;
</syntaxhighlight>
::Perlã®ãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ»å€ãè¿ãå Žåã¯
:;return:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
return åŒ ;
</syntaxhighlight>
::ã§ã®ãåŒãã®å€ãè¿ããŸãã
:ãã return ã®ãªããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ»å€ãåç
§ãããšããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§æåŸã«è©äŸ¡ããåŒã®å€ãããããŸãããã®ãã
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=6>
return $x + $y;
</syntaxhighlight>
::ã¯
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=6>
$x + $y;
</syntaxhighlight>
::ãšåãã§ãã
::: Perl ã® <code>;</code> ã¯ãCã®ããã«åŒãæã«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããåŒãšåŒãåºåãããªãã¿ãŒãªã®ã§æåŸã®åŒã®åŸã« <code>;</code> ã¯äžèŠã§ãã
:æ»å€ãšã¯é¢ä¿ãããŸãããã
:;æååãæ°å€ã«èªåå€æããã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=11>
print("add(123, '89') -> @{[add(123, '89')]}\n");
</syntaxhighlight>
::ããäœäºããªãã£ããã®ããã«
:::<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
add(123, '89') -> 212
</syntaxhighlight>
::ãšãªãããã«ãæ°å€ãæåŸ
ãããæèã«æ°å€ã«å€æã§ããæååãæ¥ããšãèªåçã«æ°å€ã«å€æããæŒç®ãããŸãã
:::Perlã®ãã®æé»ã®å€æã¯ããšããã¯ããã®éç®ç§ãæ¡äžããããšããªã©ã«çºçŸããå¶æªãªãã°ã®åå ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã
==== ååž°çåŒåºã ====
åŒæ°ãšæ»å€ãæã«å
¥ã£ãã®ã§ãååž°çåŒåºããè¡ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãæžããŠã¿ãŸãã
===== æŽæ°ã®åªä¹ =====
æŽæ°ã®çŽ¯ä¹ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ pow ãæžããŠã¿ãŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/it2hilVOZ9TGu_lmM68elw?language=perl æŽæ°ã®åªä¹]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="9">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub pow {
my ($n, $m) = @_;
return "Domain error" if $m < 0;
return 1 if $m == 0;
return $n if $m == 1;
return $n * &pow($n, $m - 1);
}
say "pow(2, $_) -> @{[ pow(2, $_) ]}" foreach -1..3;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
pow(2, -1) -> Domain error
pow(2, 0) -> 1
pow(2, 1) -> 2
pow(2, 2) -> 4
pow(2, 3) -> 8
</syntaxhighlight>
: 9 ã§ãpowèªèº«ãææ°ãïŒæžãããŠåŒãã§ããŸãã
: <code>$n, $m</code> ãéè€äœ¿çšãããŠããããã«èŠããŸããã<code>my</code>ãã€ããŠããã®ã§ãååž°ã¬ãã«ãïŒã€äžãããšã«å¥ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãçæãããŠããŸãã
===== æŽæ°ã3æ¡ããšã«ã«ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠè¡šç€ºãã =====
æŽæ°ã3æ¡ããšã«ã«ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠè¡šç€ºãããµãã«ãŒãã³ comma3 ãæžããŠã¿ãŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/urtCz3eFlaG7tRvYLm1Qfw?language=perl æŽæ°ã3æ¡ããšã«ã«ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠè¡šç€ºãã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="6,8">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub comma3 {
my $n = shift;
return "-" . comma3(-$n) if $n < 0;
my ($num, $rem) = (int($n / 1000), $n % 1000);
return comma3($num) . sprintf ",%3d", $rem if $num;
return sprintf "%d", $rem
}
say comma3 $_ foreach qw(
123456789
-999999
0
1
12
123
1234
)
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
123,456,789
-999,999
0
1
12
123
1,234
</syntaxhighlight>
===== ãã£ããããæ°åãšã¡ã¢åãšãã³ãããŒã¯ =====
ååž°ã§å¿
ãåäžãããã[[W:ãã£ããããæ°å|ãã£ããããæ°å]]ãšã¡ã¢åãé¡æã«ããã³ãããŒã¯ãã¹ããè¡ã£ãŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/tndgcBdq34woengCngWc0w?language=perl ãã£ããããæ°åãšã¡ã¢åãšãã³ãããŒã¯]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="20">
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub fibonacci {
my $n = shift;
return $n if $n == 0;
return $n if $n == 1;
return fibonacci($n - 2) + fibonacci($n - 1)
}
sub fibonacci_norec {
my $n = shift;
my ($x, $y) = (1, 0);
($x, $y) = ($y, $x + $y) foreach 1..$n;
return $y
}
sub fibonacci_memorization {
my $n = shift;
state @table = (0, 1);
return $table[$n] if defined $table[$n];
return $table[$n] = fibonacci($n - 2) + fibonacci($n - 1)
}
use Benchmark qw/timethese cmpthese/;
my $i = 16;
cmpthese timethese(2 ** 10, {
"ååž°" => sub { fibonacci($_) foreach 1..$i },
"éååž°" => sub { fibonacci_norec($_) foreach 1..$i },
"ã¡ã¢å" => sub { fibonacci_memorization($_) foreach 1..$i },
});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Benchmark: timing 1024 iterations of ã¡ã¢å, ååž°, éååž°...
ã¡ã¢å: 0 wallclock secs ( 0.00 usr + 0.00 sys = 0.00 CPU)
(warning: too few iterations for a reliable count)
ååž°: 2 wallclock secs ( 1.58 usr + 0.00 sys = 1.58 CPU) @ 648.10/s (n=1024)
éååž°: 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr + 0.00 sys = 0.01 CPU) @ 102400.00/s (n=1024)
(warning: too few iterations for a reliable count)
Rate ååž° éååž° ã¡ã¢å
ååž° 648/s -- -99% -100%
éååž° 102400/s 15700% -- -100%
ã¡ã¢å 1023999999999999872/s 157999999999999968% 1000000000000001% --
</syntaxhighlight>
: fibonacci ã¯ãçŽ æŽãªååž°çã®ãã£ããããæ°åã§ãã
: fibonacci_norec ã¯ãéååž°çã®ãã£ããããæ°åã§ãã
: fibonacci_memorization ã¯ãã¡ã¢åãæœããååž°çã®ãã£ããããæ°åã§ãã
:: 20è¡ç®ã® <code>state @table = (0, 1);</code>ã¯ãéæ®çºæ§ã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãå€æ°ã®å®£èšã§ã my ãšéãæåããåæåããããåã³åããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒã°ãããšãã«ã¯åã®å€ãæ¶ããŠããŸãããŸããµãã«ãŒãã³ã®å€ããåç
§ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸããã
: ã¡ã¢åã¯ãäžåºŠèšç®ããçããèšæ¶ããŠæ¬¡ããã¯èšæ¶ããçããæŠç¥ãªã®ã§ããã³ãããŒã¯ã«æå©ã§ãã
:: ã¡ã¢åãè¡ãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãšè¡ãªããªãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã§ã¯ããã³ãããŒã¯ã®ãããªç¹°ãè¿ãã«é¢ããæåæ§ãéããŸããç¹°è¿ãåæ°ã«å¯Ÿãç·åœ¢ã«æéãå¢ããªãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ã¡ã¢åãè¡ã£ãŠããå¯èœæ§ãããã®ã§ãã«ãŒãã®åºã§äœ¿ãããã®ã«ã¯é©ããŠããŸãããé »åºŠã®äœã䜿ãæ¹ã®å Žåãæ§èœãäºæ³ããæªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
::: ãã®ããšãããå®éã®ããã°ã©ã ã®ãããã¡ã€ã«çµæãšãã³ãããŒã¯ã®çµæã®åŸåã®æ¯èŒãéèŠã«ãªããŸãã
===== ç¡åååž° =====
ãµãã«ãŒãã³èªèº«ãžã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ __SUB__ ã䜿ããšç¡åé¢æ°ã®ååž°ãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/it2hilVOZ9TGu_lmM68elw?language=perl æŽæ°ã®åªä¹]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
# éä¹ n!
say (sub {
my $n = shift;
return $n == 0 ? $n
: $n == 1 ? $n
: $n * __SUB__->( $n - 1 );
}->(7));
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
5040
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã·ã°ããã£ãŒ ===
ååºã®äŸã§ãåŒæ°ã䜿ã£ãŠãµãã«ãŒãã³ã®æ¯ãèããå€ããããšãã§ããŸããã
æ©èœçã«ã¯å
足ããŠããã®ã§ããã<u>ååä»ãã®ä»®åŒæ°</u>ãæã声ã¯ä»¥åãããããPerl 5.20.0 ãããå®éšçã( ''experimental'' )ãªã·ã°ããã£ãŒã®å®è£
ãè¡ãªãããPerl 5.26.0 ããã³ã¢æ©èœã®ïŒã€ãšãªããŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/9iJ8toU2PS78IlvlqtcFow?language=perl ã·ã°ããã£ãŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="3,4,6">
# !/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
sub hello($who = "WHO?!") {
say "Hello, $who";
}
&hello();
&hello("world");
&hello("Perl");
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, WHO?!
Hello, world
Hello, Perl
</syntaxhighlight>
:;ã·ã°ããã£ãŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=6>
sub hello($who = "WHO?!") {
</syntaxhighlight>
::ååãæã£ãä»®åŒæ°ã䜿ããããã«ãªããŸããã
::'''ãã£ãã©ã«ãåŒæ°'''ã«ã察å¿ããŠããŸãã
:Perl 5.36.0 ããã¯ãsignatures 㯠experimental ãåæ¥ããã®ã§
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
::<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="3,4,6">
use v5.36.0;
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãšã§ããŸãïŒäœ¿çšããŠããåŠçç³»ããv5.30.0以éã®å Žåã«éããŸãïŒã
=== ãããã¿ã€ã ===
==== ã©ã ãæœè±¡ ====
sort ã®ããã«ãã³ãŒããããã¯ãåŒæ°ãšãããµãã«ãŒãã³ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/OtxUGCrI2TXyqXxZsWWHDw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="3,8,11">
use v5.30.0;
sub bis(&) {
my $cbr = shift;
$cbr->();
$cbr->()
}
bis { say 'Hello, world!' };
my $i = 0;
bis { $i++ };
say $i;</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, world!
Hello, world!
2
</syntaxhighlight>
: äžããããã³ãŒããããã¯ãïŒåå®è¡ãããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§ãã
: 3è¡ç®ã®<code>sub bis(&)</code>ã®<code>&</code>ã¯ã©ã ãæœè±¡ã§ãã
==== map ãæš¡å£ ====
çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° map ãæš¡å£ãããµãã«ãŒãã³ mapx ãå®è£
ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/GWnq66NY0nfz5jDrvjP3pQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
sub map(&@) {
my ( $cbr, @ary ) = @_;
my @result;
push @result, $cbr->( local $a = $_ ) foreach @ary;
return @result;
}
say main::map { 2 * $_ } ( 1, 2, 3 );
say main::map { 2 * $a } ( 1, 2, 3 );
say CORE::map { 2 * $_ } ( 1, 2, 3 );
say main::map { $_ x 2 } qw(a b c);
say main::map { $a x 2 } qw(a b c);
say CORE::map { $_ x 2 } qw(a b c);
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
246
246
246
aabbcc
aabbcc
aabbcc
</syntaxhighlight>
: çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° sort ã®æ§ã«ã<var>$a</var> ã§ã³ãŒããããã¯ã«åŒæ°ãæž¡ãããšãã§ããããã«ããŸããã
:: local ã§å®£èšããŠããã®ã§ãã¹ã³ãŒã㯠foreach åŒã®äžã ãã§ãæãããšã°ããŒãã«ãª $a ã¯åæ»ãããŸãã
==== reduce ====
çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã« reduce ããªãã£ãã®ã§å®è£
ããŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/Oow9-sgUyfHJ2HcPcyoH2w?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
sub reduce(&@) {
my ( $cbr, @ary ) = @_;
my $init = shift @ary;
$init = $cbr->( local $a = $init, local $b = $_ ) foreach @ary;
return $init;
}
say reduce { $_[0] + $_[1] } 1 .. 10;
say reduce { $_[0] . $_[1] } "A" .. "Z";
say reduce { $a + $b } 1 .. 10;
say reduce { $a . $b } "A" .. "Z";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
55
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
55
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
</syntaxhighlight>
: çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° sort ã®æ§ã«ã<var>$a</var> ãš <var>$b</var> ã§ã³ãŒããããã¯ã«åŒæ°ãæž¡ãããšãã§ããããã«ããŸããã
==== filter ====
çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã« grep ã¯ãå€ãã®èšèªã§ filter ã®ååã§ç¥ãããé¢æ°ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/Zm4tMKt5pp0--A61grEvGg?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
sub filter(&@) {
my ( $cbr, @ary ) = @_;
my @result = ();
$cbr->( local $a = $_ ) ? push( @result, $_ ) : 0 foreach @ary;
return @result;
}
say filter { $_ % 2 == 1; } 1 .. 10;
say filter { $a % 2 == 1; } 1 .. 10;
say grep { $_ % 2 == 1; } 1 .. 10;
say filter { index( "Hello world", $_ ) >= 0 } ( "A" .. "Z", "a" .. "z" );
say filter { index( "Hello world", $a ) >= 0 } ( "A" .. "Z", "a" .. "z" );
say grep { index( "Hello world", $_ ) >= 0 } ( "A" .. "Z", "a" .. "z" );
say "@{[ map { $_ * 2 } filter { $_ % 2 == 1; } 1..10]}";
say "@{[ map { $_ * 2 } filter { $a % 2 == 1; } 1..10]}";
say "@{[ map { $_ * 2 } grep { $_ % 2 == 1; } 1..10]}";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
13579
13579
13579
Hdelorw
Hdelorw
Hdelorw
2 6 10 14 18
2 6 10 14 18
2 6 10 14 18
</syntaxhighlight>
: çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° sort ã®æ§ã«ã<var>$a</var> ã§ã³ãŒããããã¯ã«åŒæ°ãæž¡ãããšãã§ããããã«ããŸããã
[TODO:ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ãŒã«ã«é¢ããç°¡çŽ ãªèª¬æ]
[TODO:ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«é¢ããäŸããµãã ãã«äœ¿ã£ã解説]
== æ°žç¶çã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ° ==
my ã§å®£èšããå€æ°ïŒã¬ãã·ã«ã«å€æ°ïŒã¯ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãæãããšåŸ¡ç Žç®ã«ãªããŸãããstate ã§å®£èšããå€æ°ã¯ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãããã®ã®æ¬¡ã«ãµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒã°ãããšããå€ãæ¶ããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/BUEgIyXqdobwwm9p3VsmKw?language=perl state $var]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight="6">
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.10;
sub func {
my $myVar = 0;
state $stateVar = 0;
$myVar++;
$stateVar++;
CORE::say "\$myVar = $myVar, \$stateVar = $stateVar";
}
&func for 1..5
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$myVar = 1, $stateVar = 1
$myVar = 1, $stateVar = 2
$myVar = 1, $stateVar = 3
$myVar = 1, $stateVar = 4
$myVar = 1, $stateVar = 5
</syntaxhighlight>
: state $var ã¯ãPerl 5.10 以éã§ãµããŒããããŠããŸãã
== ã³ã³ããã¹ããšwantarrayé¢æ° ==
åããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºããŠããã¹ã«ã©ãŒãæ»ãããšãæåŸ
ããŠããæèïŒã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãïŒãšããªã¹ããæ»ãããšãæåŸ
ããŠããæèïŒãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãïŒã®ïŒéãããããŸãã
ãã®ïŒã€ã®ã±ãŒã¹ãå€å¥ããããã« wantarray é¢æ°ãçšæãããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/wjGlO4nNueGJHx_A17Zh-g?language=perl ã³ã³ããã¹ããšwantarrayé¢æ°]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight=6>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
sub func {
return map { $_ * 2 } @_ if wantarray();
my $sum = 0;
$sum += $_ for @_;
return $sum;
}
my @x = func(0, 1, 2);
my $y = func(0, 1, 2);
print <<EOS;
my \@x = func(0, 1, 2); \@x -> @x
my \$y = func(0, 1, 2); \$y -> $y
@{[ func(1,2,3) ]}
@{[ scalar func(1,2,3)]}
@{[ ~~ func(1,2,3)]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
my @x = func(0, 1, 2); @x -> 0 2 4
my $y = func(0, 1, 2); $y -> 3
2 4 6
6
6
</syntaxhighlight>
:wantarray é¢æ°ã¯ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãåŒåºããã³ã³ããã¹ãã§æ»å€ãšããŠãªã¹ããèŠæ±ãããŠãããªãçããã¹ã«ã©ãŒãèŠæ±ãããŠãããªãåœãè¿ããŸãã
:é¢æ° func ã¯ããªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã¯å
šãŠã®èŠçŽ ãäºåã«ãããªã¹ãããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã¯å
šãŠã®èŠçŽ ã®åèšãè¿ããŸãã
== çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§ ==
{{Main|[https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/perlfunc perlfunc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlfunc.pod perlfunc(ja)]}}
=== æååïŒString ===
[[#chomp|chomp]] [[#chop|chop]] [[#chr|chr]] [[#crypt|crypt]] [[#fc|fc]] [[#hex|hex]] [[#index|index]] [[#lc|lc]] [[#lcfirst|lcfirst]] [[#length|length]] [[#oct|oct]] [[#ord|ord]] [[#pack|pack]] [[#q/STRING/|q/STRING/]] [[#qq/STRING/|qq/STRING/]] [[#reverse|reverse]] [[#rindex|rindex]] [[#sprintf|sprintf]] [[#substr|substr]] [[#tr///|tr///]] [[#uc|uc]] [[#ucfirst|ucfirst]] [[#y///|y///]]
==== index ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>index STR, SUBSTR [, POSITION]</syntaxhighlight>
;æ©èœ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>æååSTRã®äžã§ãéšåæååSUBSTRãæåã«åºçŸããäœçœ®ãè¿ããŸãã</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/PYUKqfDhk7sSi9l1Sdwsxg?language=perl çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° index]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $str = "This is a pen.";
my $substr = "pen";
say qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]});
$str = "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã";
$substr = "ãã³";
say qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]});
use Encode qw(encode decode);
$str = decode('utf-8', "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã");
$substr = decode('utf-8', "ãã³");
say encode('utf-8', qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]}));
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
index "This is a pen.", "pen" -> 10
index "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã", "ãã³" -> 12
index "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã", "ãã³" -> 4
</syntaxhighlight>
:<code>pen</code> ã®åã«ãã <code>This is a </code> ã¯ç©ºçœãå«ããŠåèšã§10æåãªã®ã§ã<code>10</code> ã衚瀺ãããŸãã
::{| class=wikitable
|+ æååãšã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã®å¯Ÿå¿
!0!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10!!11!!12!!13
|- style="text-align: center"
|T||h||i||s|| ||i||s|| ||a|| ||p||e||n||.
|}
;解説
:indexã¯ãæåå STR ã®äžãããæ€çŽ¢æåå SUBSTR ãæ¢ãã'''æå'''ã«èŠã€ãã£ãäœçœ®ãè¿ããŸããæ€çŽ¢æåãèŠã€ãããªãå Žåã«ã¯ã-1 ãè¿ããŸãã
:çç¥å¯èœãªåŒæ°ãPOSITION ã«ã¯ãæ€çŽ¢éå§äœçœ®ãæå®ããŸãïŒãã£ãã©ã«ãã¯0ïŒã
::POSITION ã䜿ããšéšåæååãïŒåã以éã«åºçŸããäœçœ®ã確ãããããšãåºæ¥ãéšåæååã®é·ãã«æ³šæããã°éšåæååã®åºçŸåæ°ãæ°ããããšãªã©ã容æã«ãªããŸãã
:äœçœ®ã 0 ããå§ãŸãããšã«çæããŸãããã 0 ã¯æååã®å·Šç«¯ãè¡šããŸãã
:äœçœ®ã¯æååäœã§ã¯ãªããã€ãæ°ãªã®ã§ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã UTF-8 ã§å€ãã€ãæåã亀ãããšãæåæ°ãšãã€ãæ°ã«é£ãéããçããŸãã
:ãã®ãããªå Žå㯠Encode ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿ãå
éšåœ¢åŒ( ''internal format'' )ã«å€æããŸãã
:å
éšåœ¢åŒã§ããã°ããµãã²ãŒããã¢ã«ã察å¿ã§ããŸãããåææåã¯ä¿®é£Ÿã³ãŒããšåºåºæåã¯ããããïŒæåã«æ°ããããŸãã
===== utf8ãã©ã°ãã䜿ã =====
;[https://paiza.io/projects/cp_epUyDzcstlfbqp6Z82A?language=perl å¥è§£ïŒutf8ãã©ã°ãã䜿ãïŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use utf8;
my $str = "This is a pen.";
my $substr = "pen";
say qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]});
use Encode qw(encode);
$str = "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã";
$substr = "ãã³";
say encode('utf-8', qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]}));
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
index "This is a pen.", "pen" -> 10
index "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã", "ãã³" -> 4
</syntaxhighlight>
: utf8ãã©ã°ãã䜿ãããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã UTF-8 ã§ããããšãæ瀺ãããšãæåãªãã©ã«ã¯å
éšåœ¢åŒã«å€æãã index ã length ã§åŠçãããŸãã
: ãã®å Žåã§ããåºåãããšãã«å
éšåœ¢åŒãã UTF-8 ã«ãšã³ã³ãŒãããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
===== binmodeã䜿ã =====
;[https://paiza.io/projects/cp_epUyDzcstlfbqp6Z82A?language=perl å¥è§£ïŒbinmodeã䜿ãïŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl highlight=5>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my $str = "This is a pen.";
my $substr = "pen";
say qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]});
$str = "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã";
$substr = "ãã³";
say qq(index "$str", "$substr" -> @{[index $str, $substr]});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
index "This is a pen.", "pen" -> 10
index "ããã¯ããã³ã§ãã", "ãã³" -> 4
</syntaxhighlight>
: æ¯åãšã³ã³ãŒããããSTDOUT ã®ãã£ãã©ã«ããšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã UTF-8 ã«ãããŸããã
: <code>binmode STDIN,":encoding(UTF-8)";</code>ãš<code>binmode STDERR,":encoding(UTF-8)";</code>ãåæã«æå®ããã»ãããããããããŸããã
ããã¹ãã®ãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãPerlã䜿ã£ãŠãããšåºŠã
ãã©ãã«ã®ããšã«ãªãã®ã§ãåé¿æ¹æ³ã幟ã€ãããäºãç¥ã£ãŠãããšãä»äººã®æžããã³ãŒããèªããšããªã©ã«åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ããã§çŽ¹ä»ããæ¹æ³ã®ä»ã«ãæ代ããã®jcode.plãªã©ãããã®ã§ãããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ç¯å²ã®èª¬æã«çããŸããã
==== rindex ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>rindex (STR, SUBSTR, [POSITION])</syntaxhighlight>
;æ©èœ:æååSTRã®äžã§ãéšåæååSUBSTRã'''æåŸ'''ã«åºçŸããäœçœ®ãè¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/BcE2R3K_lHUDlhNTQWwY3Q?language=perl çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° rindex]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my $str = "I like pens and pencils.";
my $substr = "pen";
say qq(rindex "$str", "$substr" -> @{[rindex $str, $substr]});
$str = "ç§ã¯çãšéçã奜ãã§ãã";
$substr = "ç";
say qq(rindex "$str", "$substr" -> @{[rindex $str, $substr]});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
rindex "I like pens and pencils.", "pen" -> 16
rindex "ç§ã¯çãšéçã奜ãã§ãã", "ç" -> 5
</syntaxhighlight>
;解説
:rindexã¯ãæåå STR ã®äžãããæ€çŽ¢æåå SUBSTR ãæ¢ãã'''æåŸ'''ã«èŠã€ãã£ãäœçœ®ãè¿ããŸãïŒãæ«å°Ÿããã®äœçœ®ãè¿ãããšã®ç·šéãéå»ã«ãããŸããããééãã§ãïŒãæ€çŽ¢æåãèŠã€ãããªãå Žåã«ã¯ã-1 ãè¿ããŸãã
:çç¥å¯èœãªåŒæ°ãPOSITION ã«ã¯ãæ€çŽ¢éå§äœçœ®ãæå®ããŸãïŒãã£ãã©ã«ãã¯0ïŒã
{{See also|#index}}
==== substr ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>substr (EXPR, OFFSET, [LENGTH], [REPLACEMENT])</syntaxhighlight>
æåå EXPR ãããOFFSET ç®ä»¥éã®ãã€ãåãè¿ããŸããåãåºãé·ã LENGTH ããã€ãåäœã§æå®ã§ããŸãããçç¥ããå Žåã¯æååã®æåŸãŸã§åãåºããŸãããªããutf8ãã©ã°ããæå¹ãªå Žåã¯ããã€ãåäœã§ã¯ãªãæååäœã§åãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã
äœçœ®æ
å ± OFFSET ã¯äžè¿°ã®ãšãã 0 ããå§ãŸããŸãããLENGTH ã¯å®¹éãªã®ã§é垞㯠1 以äžã®å€ãæå®ããŸãã
æåå REPLACEMENT ãæå®ãããšãåãåºãããéšåã REPLACEMENT ã§çœ®æããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/BcE2R3K_lHUDlhNTQWwY3Q?language=perl çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ° rindex]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my $str = "Hello, world!";
say substr($str, index($str, "world"), length("world"), "Japan");
say $str;
$str = "ããã«ã¡ã¯ãäžçïŒ";
say substr($str, index($str, "äžç"), length("äžç"), "ð");
say $str;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
world
Hello, Japan!
äžç
ããã«ã¡ã¯ãðïŒ
</syntaxhighlight>
==== uc ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>uc ([EXPR])</syntaxhighlight>
:æåå EXPR ã倧æåã«ããŠè¿ããŸããEXPR ãçç¥ãããšã$_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
==== ucfirst ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>ucfirst ([EXPR])</syntaxhighlight>
:uc ãšåãã§ãããå
é 1æåã倧æåã«ããŠè¿ããŸãã
==== lc ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>lc ([EXPR])</syntaxhighlight>
:uc ãšåãã§ãããå°æåã«ããŠè¿ããŸãã
==== lcfirst ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>lcfirst ([EXPR])</syntaxhighlight>
:ucfirst ãšåãã§ãããå°æåã«ããŠè¿ããŸãã
==== chop ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
chop VARIABLE
chop (LIST)
</syntaxhighlight>
: å€æ° VARIABLE ã®æ«å°Ÿã®æ«å°Ÿ1æåãåé€ããŸãã
: å€æ°ã®ãªã¹ããæž¡ãããå Žåã¯ãåå€æ°ã«ã€ããŠåãåŠçãè¡ããŸãã
: VARIABLE ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/Fva3C8fhvsNLFSY7C4WNTw?language=perl chopãšchomp]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
my $str = "Hello, world!\n";
chop $str;
say "chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chop $str;
say "chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chop $str;
say "chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chop $str;
say "chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
$str = "Hello, world!\n";
chomp $str;
say "chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chomp $str;
say "chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chomp $str;
say "chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
chomp $str;
say "chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
$str = "Hello, world!\n";
$str = substr($str, 0, length($str) - 1);
say "substr(): $str(@{[length $str]})";
$str = substr($str, 0, length($str) - 1);
say "substr(): $str(@{[length $str]})";
$str = substr($str, 0, length($str) - 1);
say "substr(): $str(@{[length $str]})";
sub chop(\$) {
my $strr = shift;
$$strr = substr($$strr, 0, length($$strr) - 1);
undef
}
$str = "Hello, world!\n";
::chop $str;
say "::chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
::chop $str;
say "::chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
::chop $str;
say "::chop: $str(@{[length $str]})";
sub chomp(\$) {
my $strr = shift;
$$strr = substr($$strr, 0, length($$strr) - 1) if substr($$strr, length($$strr) - 1, 1) eq "\n";
undef
}
$str = "Hello, world!\n";
::chomp $str;
say "::chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
::chomp $str;
say "::chomp: $str(@{[length $str]})";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
chop: Hello, world!(13)
chop: Hello, world(12)
chop: Hello, worl(11)
chop: Hello, wor(10)
chomp: Hello, world!(13)
chomp: Hello, world!(13)
chomp: Hello, world!(13)
chomp: Hello, world!(13)
substr(): Hello, world!(13)
substr(): Hello, world(12)
substr(): Hello, worl(11)
::chop: Hello, world!(13)
::chop: Hello, world(12)
::chop: Hello, worl(11)
::chomp: Hello, world!(13)
::chomp: Hello, world!(13)
</syntaxhighlight>
: chop ã¯ãæååãæ«å°Ÿããå°ããŸãïŒç Žå£çïŒ
: chomp ã¯ãæååã®æ«å°Ÿã®æ¹è¡ãå°ããŸãïŒç Žå£çïŒ
==== chomp ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
chomp VARIABLE
chomp (LIST)
</syntaxhighlight>
: å€æ° VARIABLE ã®æ«å°Ÿã® $/ïŒããã©ã«ã㯠"\n"ïŒãåé€ããŸãã
: å€æ°ã®ãªã¹ããæž¡ãããå Žåã¯ãåå€æ°ã«ã€ããŠåãåŠçãè¡ããŸãã
: VARIABLE ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
==== chr ====
; æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>chr [NUMBER]</syntaxhighlight>
: æåã»ãã㧠NUMBER çªç®ã«å²ãåœãŠãããŠããæåãè¿ããŸãã
: NUMBER ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
: éã®æäœãè¡ãã«ã¯ ord ã䜿ããŸãã
==== crypt ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>crypt PLAINTEXT, SALT</syntaxhighlight>
:C ã©ã€ãã©ãªã® crypt(3) ããšãã¥ã¬ãŒãããŸãã
==== hex ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>hex [EXPR]</syntaxhighlight>
: åå
é²æ° EXPR ãåé²æ°ã«å€æããŠè¿ããŸããEXPR ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
==== length ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>length [EXPR]</syntaxhighlight>
: æåå EXPR ã®é·ããè¿ããŸããbytes ãã©ã°ããæå¹ãªå ŽåïŒããã©ã«ãïŒã¯ãã€ãæ°ããutf8 ãã©ã°ããæå¹ãªå Žåã¯æåæ°ãè¿ããŸããEXPR ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
==== oct ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>oct [EXPR]</syntaxhighlight>
: å
«é²æ° EXPR ãåé²æ°ã«å€æããŠè¿ããŸããEXPR ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸãã
==== ord ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>ord [EXPR]</syntaxhighlight>
: æåå EXPR ã®æåã»ããäžã§ã®ã³ãŒãäœçœ®ãè¿ããŸããEXPR ãçç¥ãããš $_ ã䜿ãããŸããéã®æäœãè¡ãã«ã¯ chr ã䜿ããŸãã
==== pack ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>pack TEMPLATE, LIST</syntaxhighlight>
:LIST ã TEMPLATE ã«åŸã£ãŠãã€ããªããŒã¿ã«å€æããŸãã
==== q ====
<pre>
q/STRING/
qq/STRING/
qr/STRING/
qx/STRING/
qw/STRING/
</pre>
ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããæ£èŠè¡šçŸãããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããåèªã¯ã©ãŒãã詳现ã¯[[Perl/æŒç®å|æŒç®å]]ã®ç« ãåç
§ã
==== reverse ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>reverse LIST</syntaxhighlight>
:ãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã¯ LIST ã®é çªãéé ã«ãããªã¹ããè¿ããŸããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã¯ LIST ã®èŠçŽ ãçµåããåŸã«éé ã«ããæååãè¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/m274vBmTsDDTfyB1yKQy3g?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my @array = qw(ãã ããã ããããã ð);
say "@{[ reverse @array ]}";
say "@{[ scalar reverse @array ]}";
use utf8;
binmode STDOUT,":encoding(UTF-8)";
@array = qw(ãã ããã ããããã ð);
say "@{[ reverse @array ]}";
say "@{[ scalar reverse @array ]}";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
ð ããããã ããã ãã
ᅵᅵᅵᅵãããããããããï¿œ
ð ããããã ããã ãã
ðãããããããããã
</syntaxhighlight>
: Perlã®æååã¯ãã£ãã©ã«ãã§ã¯ãã€ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ãªã®ã§ãã€ãéé ã«ãããšå€ãã€ãæåã¯ç Žç¶»ããäžèšã®ããã«æååãããŸãã
: use utf8;ã§ããã€ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ããå
éšãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°( ''Wide character'' )ã«åæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸããããã®ãŸãŸ say ãããšå
éšãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®ãŸãŸãªã®ã§ãæšæºåºåã®ã¬ã€ã€ãŒã ":encoding(UTF-8)" ã«å€æŽããŸãã
==== sprintf ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>sprintf FORMAT, LIST</syntaxhighlight>
:LIST ã FORMAT ã«åŸã£ãŠæŽåœ¢ããŠè¿ããŸãã
==== tr ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>tr///</syntaxhighlight>
:1æåã察å¿ãã1æåã«çœ®æããŸãã詳现ã¯[[Perl/æŒç®å|æŒç®å]]ã®ç« ãåç
§ã
==== y ====
;æžåŒ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>y///</syntaxhighlight>
:tr///ãšå矩ã
=== æ£èŠè¡šçŸãšãã¿ãŒã³ããã ===
; m//, pos, qr//, quotemeta, s///, split, study
=== æ°å€æŒç®é¢æ° ===
; abs, atan2, cos, exp, hex, int, log, oct, rand, sin, sqrt, srand
=== é
åæäœ ===
; each, keys, pop, push, shift, splice, unshift, values
=== ãªã¹ãæäœ ===
; grep, join, map, qw//, reverse, sort, unpack
=== ããã·ã¥æäœ ===
; delete, each, exists, keys, values
=== I/O ===
; binmode, close, closedir, dbmclose, dbmopen, die, eof, fileno, flock, format, getc, print, printf, read, readdir, readline, rewinddir, say, seek, seekdir, select, syscall, sysread, sysseek, syswrite, tell, telldir, truncate, warn, write
=== åºå®é·ããŒã¿ãšã¬ã³ãŒã ===
; pack, read, syscall, sysread, sysseek, syswrite, unpack, vec
=== ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãã£ã¬ã¯ã㪠===
; -X, chdir, chmod, chown, chroot, fcntl, glob, ioctl, link, lstat, mkdir, open, opendir, readlink, rename, rmdir, select, stat, symlink, sysopen, umask, unlink, utime
=== å¶åŸ¡æ§é ===
; break, caller, continue, die, do, dump, eval, evalbytes, exit, __FILE__, goto, last, __LINE__, next, __PACKAGE__, redo, return, sub, __SUB__, wantarray
=== ã¹ã³ãŒã ===
; caller, import, local, my, our, package, state, use
=== Misc. ===
; defined, formline, lock, prototype, reset, scalar, undef
=== ããã»ã¹ ===
; alarm, exec, fork, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, kill, pipe, qx//, readpipe, setpgrp, setpriority, sleep, system, times, wait, waitpid
=== ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã« ===
; do, import, no, package, require, use
=== ãªããžã§ã¯ãæå ===
; bless, dbmclose, dbmopen, package, ref, tie, tied, untie, use
=== Socket ===
; accept, bind, connect, getpeername, getsockname, getsockopt, listen, recv, send, setsockopt, shutdown, socket, socketpair
=== System V IPC ===
; msgctl, msgget, msgrcv, msgsnd, semctl, semget, semop, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite
=== ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãšã°ã«ãŒã ===
; endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endpwent, getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, getlogin, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, setgrent, setpwent
=== ãããã¯ãŒã¯æ
å ± ===
; endprotoent, endservent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, getnetent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, getprotoent, getservbyname, getservbyport, getservent, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent
=== æ¥ä»æå» ===
; gmtime, localtime, time, times
=== é¢æ°ä»¥å€ã®ããŒã¯ãŒã ===
; and, AUTOLOAD, BEGIN, catch, CHECK, cmp, CORE, __DATA__, default, defer, DESTROY, else, elseif, elsif, END, __END__, eq, finally, for, foreach, ge, given, gt, if, INIT, isa, le, lt, ne, not, or, try, UNITCHECK, unless, until, when, while, x, xor
<!--
== çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®è«žå
è¡š ==
ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã« Pod::Functions ã䜿ããšçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®è«žå
ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/laNg3WdoIiKX8kqnvfsXgQ?language=perl çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§ãåŸãã³ãŒã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use strict;
use warnings;
use Pod::Functions;
print join ' ', sort keys %Type
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
-X __FILE__ __LINE__ __PACKAGE__ __SUB__ abs accept alarm atan2 bind binmode bless break caller chdir chmod chomp chop chown chr chroot close closedir connect continue cos crypt dbmclose dbmopen defined delete die do dump each endgrent endhostent endnetent endprotoent endpwent endservent eof eval evalbytes exec exists exit exp fc fcntl fileno flock fork format formline getc getgrent getgrgid getgrnam gethostbyaddr gethostbyname gethostent getlogin getnetbyaddr getnetbyname getnetent getpeername getpgrp getppid getpriority getprotobyname getprotobynumber getprotoent getpwent getpwnam getpwuid getservbyname getservbyport getservent getsockname getsockopt glob gmtime goto grep hex import index int ioctl join keys kill last lc lcfirst length link listen local localtime lock log lstat m// map mkdir msgctl msgget msgrcv msgsnd my next no oct open opendir ord our pack package pipe pop pos print printf prototype push q/STRING/ qq/STRING/ qr/STRING/ quotemeta qw/STRING/ qx/STRING/ rand read readdir readline readlink readpipe recv redo ref rename require reset return reverse rewinddir rindex rmdir s/// say scalar seek seekdir select semctl semget semop send setgrent sethostent setnetent setpgrp setpriority setprotoent setpwent setservent setsockopt shift shmctl shmget shmread shmwrite shutdown sin sleep socket socketpair sort splice split sprintf sqrt srand stat state study sub substr symlink syscall sysopen sysread sysseek system syswrite tell telldir tie tied time times tr/// truncate uc ucfirst umask undef unlink unpack unshift untie use utime values vec wait waitpid wantarray warn write y///
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/ky9-H1JH3jc2wLnFpPMFVA?language=perl Wikitableãçæããã³ãŒã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use Pod::Functions;
# epilogue
print <<EOS;
:{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®è«žå
|-
! kind !! function !! flaver
EOS
# Kind -> Function -> Flavor
my @kkeys = sort keys %Kinds;
foreach my $kkey(@kkeys) {
my ($kind, $functions) = %Kinds{$kkey};
foreach my $function(@$functions) {
my ($null, $flaver) = %Flavor{$function};
print <<EOS
|-
| $kind || [[#$function|$function]] || $flaver
EOS
}
}
# prologue
print <<EOS;
|}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
:{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã®è«žå
|-
! kind !! function !! flaver
|-
| ARRAY || [[#each|each]] || retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash
|-
| ARRAY || [[#keys|keys]] || retrieve list of indices from a hash
|-
| ARRAY || [[#pop|pop]] || remove the last element from an array and return it
|-
| ARRAY || [[#push|push]] || append one or more elements to an array
|-
| ARRAY || [[#shift|shift]] || remove the first element of an array, and return it
|-
| ARRAY || [[#splice|splice]] || add or remove elements anywhere in an array
|-
| ARRAY || [[#unshift|unshift]] || prepend more elements to the beginning of a list
|-
| ARRAY || [[#values|values]] || return a list of the values in a hash
|-
| Binary || [[#pack|pack]] || convert a list into a binary representation
|-
| Binary || [[#read|read]] || fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
|-
| Binary || [[#syscall|syscall]] || execute an arbitrary system call
|-
| Binary || [[#sysread|sysread]] || fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle
|-
| Binary || [[#sysseek|sysseek]] || position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
|-
| Binary || [[#syswrite|syswrite]] || fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle
|-
| Binary || [[#unpack|unpack]] || convert binary structure into normal perl variables
|-
| Binary || [[#vec|vec]] || test or set particular bits in a string
|-
| File || [[#-X|-X]] || a file test (-r, -x, etc)
|-
| File || [[#chdir|chdir]] || change your current working directory
|-
| File || [[#chmod|chmod]] || changes the permissions on a list of files
|-
| File || [[#chown|chown]] || change the ownership on a list of files
|-
| File || [[#chroot|chroot]] || make directory new root for path lookups
|-
| File || [[#fcntl|fcntl]] || file control system call
|-
| File || [[#glob|glob]] || expand filenames using wildcards
|-
| File || [[#ioctl|ioctl]] || system-dependent device control system call
|-
| File || [[#link|link]] || create a hard link in the filesystem
|-
| File || [[#lstat|lstat]] || stat a symbolic link
|-
| File || [[#mkdir|mkdir]] || create a directory
|-
| File || [[#open|open]] || open a file, pipe, or descriptor
|-
| File || [[#opendir|opendir]] || open a directory
|-
| File || [[#readlink|readlink]] || determine where a symbolic link is pointing
|-
| File || [[#rename|rename]] || change a filename
|-
| File || [[#rmdir|rmdir]] || remove a directory
|-
| File || [[#select|select]] || reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
|-
| File || [[#stat|stat]] || get a file's status information
|-
| File || [[#symlink|symlink]] || create a symbolic link to a file
|-
| File || [[#sysopen|sysopen]] || open a file, pipe, or descriptor
|-
| File || [[#umask|umask]] || set file creation mode mask
|-
| File || [[#unlink|unlink]] || remove one link to a file
|-
| File || [[#utime|utime]] || set a file's last access and modify times
|-
| Flow || [[#break|break]] || break out of a C<given> block
|-
| Flow || [[#caller|caller]] || get context of the current subroutine call
|-
| Flow || [[#continue|continue]] || optional trailing block in a while or foreach
|-
| Flow || [[#die|die]] || raise an exception or bail out
|-
| Flow || [[#do|do]] || turn a BLOCK into a TERM
|-
| Flow || [[#dump|dump]] || create an immediate core dump
|-
| Flow || [[#eval|eval]] || catch exceptions or compile and run code
|-
| Flow || [[#evalbytes|evalbytes]] || similar to string eval, but intend to parse a bytestream
|-
| Flow || [[#exit|exit]] || terminate this program
|-
| Flow || [[#__FILE__|__FILE__]] || the name of the current source file
|-
| Flow || [[#goto|goto]] || create spaghetti code
|-
| Flow || [[#last|last]] || exit a block prematurely
|-
| Flow || [[#__LINE__|__LINE__]] || the current source line number
|-
| Flow || [[#next|next]] || iterate a block prematurely
|-
| Flow || [[#__PACKAGE__|__PACKAGE__]] || the current package
|-
| Flow || [[#redo|redo]] || start this loop iteration over again
|-
| Flow || [[#return|return]] || get out of a function early
|-
| Flow || [[#sub|sub]] || declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously
|-
| Flow || [[#__SUB__|__SUB__]] || the current subroutine, or C<undef> if not in a subroutine
|-
| Flow || [[#wantarray|wantarray]] || get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call
|-
| HASH || [[#delete|delete]] || deletes a value from a hash
|-
| HASH || [[#each|each]] || retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash
|-
| HASH || [[#exists|exists]] || test whether a hash key is present
|-
| HASH || [[#keys|keys]] || retrieve list of indices from a hash
|-
| HASH || [[#values|values]] || return a list of the values in a hash
|-
| I/O || [[#binmode|binmode]] || prepare binary files for I/O
|-
| I/O || [[#close|close]] || close file (or pipe or socket) handle
|-
| I/O || [[#closedir|closedir]] || close directory handle
|-
| I/O || [[#dbmclose|dbmclose]] || breaks binding on a tied dbm file
|-
| I/O || [[#dbmopen|dbmopen]] || create binding on a tied dbm file
|-
| I/O || [[#die|die]] || raise an exception or bail out
|-
| I/O || [[#eof|eof]] || test a filehandle for its end
|-
| I/O || [[#fileno|fileno]] || return file descriptor from filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#flock|flock]] || lock an entire file with an advisory lock
|-
| I/O || [[#format|format]] || declare a picture format with use by the write() function
|-
| I/O || [[#getc|getc]] || get the next character from the filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#print|print]] || output a list to a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#printf|printf]] || output a formatted list to a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#read|read]] || fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#readdir|readdir]] || get a directory from a directory handle
|-
| I/O || [[#readline|readline]] || fetch a record from a file
|-
| I/O || [[#rewinddir|rewinddir]] || reset directory handle
|-
| I/O || [[#say|say]] || output a list to a filehandle, appending a newline
|-
| I/O || [[#seek|seek]] || reposition file pointer for random-access I/O
|-
| I/O || [[#seekdir|seekdir]] || reposition directory pointer
|-
| I/O || [[#select|select]] || reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
|-
| I/O || [[#syscall|syscall]] || execute an arbitrary system call
|-
| I/O || [[#sysread|sysread]] || fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#sysseek|sysseek]] || position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
|-
| I/O || [[#syswrite|syswrite]] || fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#tell|tell]] || get current seekpointer on a filehandle
|-
| I/O || [[#telldir|telldir]] || get current seekpointer on a directory handle
|-
| I/O || [[#truncate|truncate]] || shorten a file
|-
| I/O || [[#warn|warn]] || print debugging info
|-
| I/O || [[#write|write]] || print a picture record
|-
| LIST || [[#grep|grep]] || locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion
|-
| LIST || [[#join|join]] || join a list into a string using a separator
|-
| LIST || [[#map|map]] || apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes
|-
| LIST || [[#qw/STRING/|qw/STRING/]] || quote a list of words
|-
| LIST || [[#reverse|reverse]] || flip a string or a list
|-
| LIST || [[#sort|sort]] || sort a list of values
|-
| LIST || [[#unpack|unpack]] || convert binary structure into normal perl variables
|-
| Math || [[#abs|abs]] || absolute value function
|-
| Math || [[#atan2|atan2]] || arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI
|-
| Math || [[#cos|cos]] || cosine function
|-
| Math || [[#exp|exp]] || raise I<e> to a power
|-
| Math || [[#hex|hex]] || convert a hexadecimal string to a number
|-
| Math || [[#int|int]] || get the integer portion of a number
|-
| Math || [[#log|log]] || retrieve the natural logarithm for a number
|-
| Math || [[#oct|oct]] || convert a string to an octal number
|-
| Math || [[#rand|rand]] || retrieve the next pseudorandom number
|-
| Math || [[#sin|sin]] || return the sine of a number
|-
| Math || [[#sqrt|sqrt]] || square root function
|-
| Math || [[#srand|srand]] || seed the random number generator
|-
| Misc || [[#defined|defined]] || test whether a value, variable, or function is defined
|-
| Misc || [[#formline|formline]] || internal function used for formats
|-
| Misc || [[#lock|lock]] || get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method
|-
| Misc || [[#prototype|prototype]] || get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine
|-
| Misc || [[#reset|reset]] || clear all variables of a given name
|-
| Misc || [[#scalar|scalar]] || force a scalar context
|-
| Misc || [[#undef|undef]] || remove a variable or function definition
|-
| Modules || [[#do|do]] || turn a BLOCK into a TERM
|-
| Modules || [[#import|import]] || patch a module's namespace into your own
|-
| Modules || [[#no|no]] || unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time
|-
| Modules || [[#package|package]] || declare a separate global namespace
|-
| Modules || [[#require|require]] || load in external functions from a library at runtime
|-
| Modules || [[#use|use]] || load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
|-
| Namespace || [[#caller|caller]] || get context of the current subroutine call
|-
| Namespace || [[#import|import]] || patch a module's namespace into your own
|-
| Namespace || [[#local|local]] || create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)
|-
| Namespace || [[#my|my]] || declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)
|-
| Namespace || [[#our|our]] || declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)
|-
| Namespace || [[#package|package]] || declare a separate global namespace
|-
| Namespace || [[#state|state]] || declare and assign a persistent lexical variable
|-
| Namespace || [[#use|use]] || load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
|-
| Network || [[#endprotoent|endprotoent]] || be done using protocols file
|-
| Network || [[#endservent|endservent]] || be done using services file
|-
| Network || [[#gethostbyaddr|gethostbyaddr]] || get host record given its address
|-
| Network || [[#gethostbyname|gethostbyname]] || get host record given name
|-
| Network || [[#gethostent|gethostent]] || get next hosts record
|-
| Network || [[#getnetbyaddr|getnetbyaddr]] || get network record given its address
|-
| Network || [[#getnetbyname|getnetbyname]] || get networks record given name
|-
| Network || [[#getnetent|getnetent]] || get next networks record
|-
| Network || [[#getprotobyname|getprotobyname]] || get protocol record given name
|-
| Network || [[#getprotobynumber|getprotobynumber]] || get protocol record numeric protocol
|-
| Network || [[#getprotoent|getprotoent]] || get next protocols record
|-
| Network || [[#getservbyname|getservbyname]] || get services record given its name
|-
| Network || [[#getservbyport|getservbyport]] || get services record given numeric port
|-
| Network || [[#getservent|getservent]] || get next services record
|-
| Network || [[#sethostent|sethostent]] || prepare hosts file for use
|-
| Network || [[#setnetent|setnetent]] || prepare networks file for use
|-
| Network || [[#setprotoent|setprotoent]] || prepare protocols file for use
|-
| Network || [[#setservent|setservent]] || prepare services file for use
|-
| Objects || [[#bless|bless]] || create an object
|-
| Objects || [[#dbmclose|dbmclose]] || breaks binding on a tied dbm file
|-
| Objects || [[#dbmopen|dbmopen]] || create binding on a tied dbm file
|-
| Objects || [[#package|package]] || declare a separate global namespace
|-
| Objects || [[#ref|ref]] || find out the type of thing being referenced
|-
| Objects || [[#tie|tie]] || bind a variable to an object class
|-
| Objects || [[#tied|tied]] || get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable
|-
| Objects || [[#untie|untie]] || break a tie binding to a variable
|-
| Objects || [[#use|use]] || load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
|-
| Process || [[#alarm|alarm]] || schedule a SIGALRM
|-
| Process || [[#exec|exec]] || abandon this program to run another
|-
| Process || [[#fork|fork]] || create a new process just like this one
|-
| Process || [[#getpgrp|getpgrp]] || get process group
|-
| Process || [[#getppid|getppid]] || get parent process ID
|-
| Process || [[#getpriority|getpriority]] || get current nice value
|-
| Process || [[#kill|kill]] || send a signal to a process or process group
|-
| Process || [[#pipe|pipe]] || open a pair of connected filehandles
|-
| Process || [[#qx/STRING/|qx/STRING/]] || backquote quote a string
|-
| Process || [[#readpipe|readpipe]] || execute a system command and collect standard output
|-
| Process || [[#setpgrp|setpgrp]] || set the process group of a process
|-
| Process || [[#setpriority|setpriority]] || set a process's nice value
|-
| Process || [[#sleep|sleep]] || block for some number of seconds
|-
| Process || [[#system|system]] || run a separate program
|-
| Process || [[#times|times]] || return elapsed time for self and child processes
|-
| Process || [[#wait|wait]] || wait for any child process to die
|-
| Process || [[#waitpid|waitpid]] || wait for a particular child process to die
|-
| Regexp || [[#m//|m//]] || match a string with a regular expression pattern
|-
| Regexp || [[#pos|pos]] || find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search
|-
| Regexp || [[#qr/STRING/|qr/STRING/]] || compile pattern
|-
| Regexp || [[#quotemeta|quotemeta]] || quote regular expression magic characters
|-
| Regexp || [[#s///|s///]] || replace a pattern with a string
|-
| Regexp || [[#split|split]] || split up a string using a regexp delimiter
|-
| Regexp || [[#study|study]] || no-op, formerly optimized input data for repeated searches
|-
| Socket || [[#accept|accept]] || accept an incoming socket connect
|-
| Socket || [[#bind|bind]] || binds an address to a socket
|-
| Socket || [[#connect|connect]] || connect to a remote socket
|-
| Socket || [[#getpeername|getpeername]] || find the other end of a socket connection
|-
| Socket || [[#getsockname|getsockname]] || retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket
|-
| Socket || [[#getsockopt|getsockopt]] || get socket options on a given socket
|-
| Socket || [[#listen|listen]] || register your socket as a server
|-
| Socket || [[#recv|recv]] || receive a message over a Socket
|-
| Socket || [[#send|send]] || send a message over a socket
|-
| Socket || [[#setsockopt|setsockopt]] || set some socket options
|-
| Socket || [[#shutdown|shutdown]] || close down just half of a socket connection
|-
| Socket || [[#socket|socket]] || create a socket
|-
| Socket || [[#socketpair|socketpair]] || create a pair of sockets
|-
| String || [[#chomp|chomp]] || remove a trailing record separator from a string
|-
| String || [[#chop|chop]] || remove the last character from a string
|-
| String || [[#chr|chr]] || get character this number represents
|-
| String || [[#crypt|crypt]] || one-way passwd-style encryption
|-
| String || [[#fc|fc]] || return casefolded version of a string
|-
| String || [[#hex|hex]] || convert a hexadecimal string to a number
|-
| String || [[#index|index]] || find a substring within a string
|-
| String || [[#lc|lc]] || return lower-case version of a string
|-
| String || [[#lcfirst|lcfirst]] || return a string with just the next letter in lower case
|-
| String || [[#length|length]] || return the number of characters in a string
|-
| String || [[#oct|oct]] || convert a string to an octal number
|-
| String || [[#ord|ord]] || find a character's numeric representation
|-
| String || [[#pack|pack]] || convert a list into a binary representation
|-
| String || [[#q/STRING/|q/STRING/]] || singly quote a string
|-
| String || [[#qq/STRING/|qq/STRING/]] || doubly quote a string
|-
| String || [[#reverse|reverse]] || flip a string or a list
|-
| String || [[#rindex|rindex]] || right-to-left substring search
|-
| String || [[#sprintf|sprintf]] || formatted print into a string
|-
| String || [[#substr|substr]] || get or alter a portion of a string
|-
| String || [[#tr///|tr///]] || transliterate a string
|-
| String || [[#uc|uc]] || return upper-case version of a string
|-
| String || [[#ucfirst|ucfirst]] || return a string with just the next letter in upper case
|-
| String || [[#y///|y///]] || transliterate a string
|-
| SysV || [[#msgctl|msgctl]] || SysV IPC message control operations
|-
| SysV || [[#msgget|msgget]] || get SysV IPC message queue
|-
| SysV || [[#msgrcv|msgrcv]] || receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue
|-
| SysV || [[#msgsnd|msgsnd]] || send a SysV IPC message to a message queue
|-
| SysV || [[#semctl|semctl]] || SysV semaphore control operations
|-
| SysV || [[#semget|semget]] || get set of SysV semaphores
|-
| SysV || [[#semop|semop]] || SysV semaphore operations
|-
| SysV || [[#shmctl|shmctl]] || SysV shared memory operations
|-
| SysV || [[#shmget|shmget]] || get SysV shared memory segment identifier
|-
| SysV || [[#shmread|shmread]] || read SysV shared memory
|-
| SysV || [[#shmwrite|shmwrite]] || write SysV shared memory
|-
| Time || [[#gmtime|gmtime]] || convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time
|-
| Time || [[#localtime|localtime]] || convert UNIX time into record or string using local time
|-
| Time || [[#time|time]] || return number of seconds since 1970
|-
| Time || [[#times|times]] || return elapsed time for self and child processes
|-
| User || [[#endgrent|endgrent]] || be done using group file
|-
| User || [[#endhostent|endhostent]] || be done using hosts file
|-
| User || [[#endnetent|endnetent]] || be done using networks file
|-
| User || [[#endpwent|endpwent]] || be done using passwd file
|-
| User || [[#getgrent|getgrent]] || get next group record
|-
| User || [[#getgrgid|getgrgid]] || get group record given group user ID
|-
| User || [[#getgrnam|getgrnam]] || get group record given group name
|-
| User || [[#getlogin|getlogin]] || return who logged in at this tty
|-
| User || [[#getpwent|getpwent]] || get next passwd record
|-
| User || [[#getpwnam|getpwnam]] || get passwd record given user login name
|-
| User || [[#getpwuid|getpwuid]] || get passwd record given user ID
|-
| User || [[#setgrent|setgrent]] || prepare group file for use
|-
| User || [[#setpwent|setpwent]] || prepare passwd file for use
|}
-->
== çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°äžèŠ§ ==
{{Main|[https://perldoc.perl.org/perlfunc perlfunc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/perlfunc.pod perldoc(ja)]}}
<!--
<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use Pod::Functions;
# Kind -> Function -> Flavor
my @kkeys = sort keys %Kinds;
foreach my $kkey(@kkeys) {
my ($kind, $functions) = %Kinds{$kkey};
print <<EOS;
=== $kind ===
@{[ map { "[[#$_|$_]]" } @$functions ]}
EOS
foreach my $function(@$functions) {
my ($null, $flaver) = %Flavor{$function};
print <<EOS;
==== $function ====
@{[ $flaver ]}
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/$function $function(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/$function $function(ja)]}}
EOS
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
-->
=== ARRAY ===
[[#each|each]] [[#keys|keys]] [[#pop|pop]] [[#push|push]] [[#shift|shift]] [[#splice|splice]] [[#unshift|unshift]] [[#values|values]]
==== each ====
retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/each each(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/each each(ja)]}}
==== keys ====
retrieve list of indices from a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/keys keys(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/keys keys(ja)]}}
==== pop ====
remove the last element from an array and return it
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pop pop(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/pop pop(ja)]}}
==== push ====
append one or more elements to an array
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/push push(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/push push(ja)]}}
==== shift ====
remove the first element of an array, and return it
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shift shift(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shift shift(ja)]}}
==== splice ====
add or remove elements anywhere in an array
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/splice splice(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/splice splice(ja)]}}
==== unshift ====
prepend more elements to the beginning of a list
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unshift unshift(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/unshift unshift(ja)]}}
==== values ====
return a list of the values in a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/values values(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/values values(ja)]}}
=== Binary ===
[[#pack|pack]] [[#read|read]] [[#syscall|syscall]] [[#sysread|sysread]] [[#sysseek|sysseek]] [[#syswrite|syswrite]] [[#unpack|unpack]] [[#vec|vec]]
==== pack ====
convert a list into a binary representation
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pack pack(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/pack pack(ja)]}}
==== read ====
fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/read read(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/read read(ja)]}}
==== syscall ====
execute an arbitrary system call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syscall syscall(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/syscall syscall(ja)]}}
==== sysread ====
fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysread sysread(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sysread sysread(ja)]}}
==== sysseek ====
position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysseek sysseek(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sysseek sysseek(ja)]}}
==== syswrite ====
fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syswrite syswrite(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/syswrite syswrite(ja)]}}
==== unpack ====
convert binary structure into normal perl variables
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unpack unpack(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/unpack unpack(ja)]}}
==== vec ====
test or set particular bits in a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/vec vec(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/vec vec(ja)]}}
=== File ===
[[#-X|-X]] [[#chdir|chdir]] [[#chmod|chmod]] [[#chown|chown]] [[#chroot|chroot]] [[#fcntl|fcntl]] [[#glob|glob]] [[#ioctl|ioctl]] [[#link|link]] [[#lstat|lstat]] [[#mkdir|mkdir]] [[#open|open]] [[#opendir|opendir]] [[#readlink|readlink]] [[#rename|rename]] [[#rmdir|rmdir]] [[#select|select]] [[#stat|stat]] [[#symlink|symlink]] [[#sysopen|sysopen]] [[#umask|umask]] [[#unlink|unlink]] [[#utime|utime]]
==== -X ====
a file test (-r, -x, etc)
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/-X -X(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/-X -X(ja)]}}
==== chdir ====
change your current working directory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chdir chdir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chdir chdir(ja)]}}
==== chmod ====
changes the permissions on a list of files
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chmod chmod(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chmod chmod(ja)]}}
==== chown ====
change the ownership on a list of files
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chown chown(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chown chown(ja)]}}
==== chroot ====
make directory new root for path lookups
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chroot chroot(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chroot chroot(ja)]}}
==== fcntl ====
file control system call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fcntl fcntl(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/fcntl fcntl(ja)]}}
==== glob ====
expand filenames using wildcards
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/glob glob(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/glob glob(ja)]}}
==== ioctl ====
system-dependent device control system call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ioctl ioctl(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/ioctl ioctl(ja)]}}
==== link ====
create a hard link in the filesystem
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/link link(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/link link(ja)]}}
==== lstat ====
stat a symbolic link
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lstat lstat(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/lstat lstat(ja)]}}
==== mkdir ====
create a directory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/mkdir mkdir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/mkdir mkdir(ja)]}}
==== open ====
open a file, pipe, or descriptor
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/open open(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/open open(ja)]}}
==== opendir ====
open a directory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/opendir opendir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/opendir opendir(ja)]}}
==== readlink ====
determine where a symbolic link is pointing
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readlink readlink(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/readlink readlink(ja)]}}
==== rename ====
change a filename
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rename rename(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/rename rename(ja)]}}
==== rmdir ====
remove a directory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rmdir rmdir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/rmdir rmdir(ja)]}}
==== select ====
reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/select select(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/select select(ja)]}}
==== stat ====
get a file's status information
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/stat stat(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/stat stat(ja)]}}
==== symlink ====
create a symbolic link to a file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/symlink symlink(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/symlink symlink(ja)]}}
==== sysopen ====
open a file, pipe, or descriptor
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysopen sysopen(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sysopen sysopen(ja)]}}
==== umask ====
set file creation mode mask
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/umask umask(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/umask umask(ja)]}}
==== unlink ====
remove one link to a file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unlink unlink(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/unlink unlink(ja)]}}
==== utime ====
set a file's last access and modify times
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/utime utime(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/utime utime(ja)]}}
=== Flow ===
[[#break|break]] [[#caller|caller]] [[#continue|continue]] [[#die|die]] [[#do|do]] [[#dump|dump]] [[#eval|eval]] [[#evalbytes|evalbytes]] [[#exit|exit]] [[#__FILE__|__FILE__]] [[#goto|goto]] [[#last|last]] [[#__LINE__|__LINE__]] [[#next|next]] [[#__PACKAGE__|__PACKAGE__]] [[#redo|redo]] [[#return|return]] [[#sub|sub]] [[#__SUB__|__SUB__]] [[#wantarray|wantarray]]
==== break ====
break out of a C<given> block
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/break break(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/break break(ja)]}}
==== caller ====
get context of the current subroutine call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/caller caller(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/caller caller(ja)]}}
==== continue ====
optional trailing block in a while or foreach
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/continue continue(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/continue continue(ja)]}}
==== die ====
raise an exception or bail out
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/die die(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/die die(ja)]}}
==== do ====
turn a BLOCK into a TERM
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do do(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/do do(ja)]}}
==== dump ====
create an immediate core dump
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dump dump(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/dump dump(ja)]}}
==== eval ====
catch exceptions or compile and run code
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval eval(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/eval eval(ja)]}}
==== evalbytes ====
similar to string eval, but intend to parse a bytestream
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/evalbytes evalbytes(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/evalbytes evalbytes(ja)]}}
==== exit ====
terminate this program
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exit exit(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/exit exit(ja)]}}
==== __FILE__ ====
the name of the current source file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/__FILE__ __FILE__(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/__FILE__ __FILE__(ja)]}}
==== goto ====
create spaghetti code
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/goto goto(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/goto goto(ja)]}}
==== last ====
exit a block prematurely
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/last last(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/last last(ja)]}}
==== __LINE__ ====
the current source line number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/__LINE__ __LINE__(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/__LINE__ __LINE__(ja)]}}
==== next ====
iterate a block prematurely
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/next next(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/next next(ja)]}}
==== __PACKAGE__ ====
the current package
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/__PACKAGE__ __PACKAGE__(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/__PACKAGE__ __PACKAGE__(ja)]}}
==== redo ====
start this loop iteration over again
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/redo redo(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/redo redo(ja)]}}
==== return ====
get out of a function early
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/return return(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/return return(ja)]}}
==== sub ====
declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sub sub(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sub sub(ja)]}}
==== __SUB__ ====
the current subroutine, or C<undef> if not in a subroutine
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/__SUB__ __SUB__(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/__SUB__ __SUB__(ja)]}}
==== wantarray ====
get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/wantarray wantarray(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/wantarray wantarray(ja)]}}
=== HASH ===
[[#delete|delete]] [[#each|each]] [[#exists|exists]] [[#keys|keys]] [[#values|values]]
==== delete ====
deletes a value from a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/delete delete(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/delete delete(ja)]}}
==== each ====
retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/each each(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/each each(ja)]}}
==== exists ====
test whether a hash key is present
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exists exists(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/exists exists(ja)]}}
==== keys ====
retrieve list of indices from a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/keys keys(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/keys keys(ja)]}}
==== values ====
return a list of the values in a hash
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/values values(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/values values(ja)]}}
=== I/O ===
[[#binmode|binmode]] [[#close|close]] [[#closedir|closedir]] [[#dbmclose|dbmclose]] [[#dbmopen|dbmopen]] [[#die|die]] [[#eof|eof]] [[#fileno|fileno]] [[#flock|flock]] [[#format|format]] [[#getc|getc]] [[#print|print]] [[#printf|printf]] [[#read|read]] [[#readdir|readdir]] [[#readline|readline]] [[#rewinddir|rewinddir]] [[#say|say]] [[#seek|seek]] [[#seekdir|seekdir]] [[#select|select]] [[#syscall|syscall]] [[#sysread|sysread]] [[#sysseek|sysseek]] [[#syswrite|syswrite]] [[#tell|tell]] [[#telldir|telldir]] [[#truncate|truncate]] [[#warn|warn]] [[#write|write]]
==== binmode ====
prepare binary files for I/O
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/binmode binmode(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/binmode binmode(ja)]}}
==== close ====
close file (or pipe or socket) handle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/close close(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/close close(ja)]}}
==== closedir ====
close directory handle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/closedir closedir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/closedir closedir(ja)]}}
==== dbmclose ====
breaks binding on a tied dbm file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmclose dbmclose(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/dbmclose dbmclose(ja)]}}
==== dbmopen ====
create binding on a tied dbm file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmopen dbmopen(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/dbmopen dbmopen(ja)]}}
==== die ====
raise an exception or bail out
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/die die(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/die die(ja)]}}
==== eof ====
test a filehandle for its end
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eof eof(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/eof eof(ja)]}}
==== fileno ====
return file descriptor from filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fileno fileno(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/fileno fileno(ja)]}}
==== flock ====
lock an entire file with an advisory lock
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/flock flock(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/flock flock(ja)]}}
==== format ====
declare a picture format with use by the write() function
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/format format(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/format format(ja)]}}
==== getc ====
get the next character from the filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getc getc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getc getc(ja)]}}
==== print ====
output a list to a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/print print(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/print print(ja)]}}
==== printf ====
output a formatted list to a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf printf(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/printf printf(ja)]}}
==== read ====
fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/read read(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/read read(ja)]}}
==== readdir ====
get a directory from a directory handle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readdir readdir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/readdir readdir(ja)]}}
==== readline ====
fetch a record from a file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readline readline(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/readline readline(ja)]}}
==== rewinddir ====
reset directory handle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rewinddir rewinddir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/rewinddir rewinddir(ja)]}}
==== say ====
output a list to a filehandle, appending a newline
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/say say(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/say say(ja)]}}
==== seek ====
reposition file pointer for random-access I/O
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/seek seek(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/seek seek(ja)]}}
==== seekdir ====
reposition directory pointer
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/seekdir seekdir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/seekdir seekdir(ja)]}}
==== select ====
reset default output or do I/O multiplexing
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/select select(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/select select(ja)]}}
==== syscall ====
execute an arbitrary system call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syscall syscall(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/syscall syscall(ja)]}}
==== sysread ====
fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysread sysread(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sysread sysread(ja)]}}
==== sysseek ====
position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysseek sysseek(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sysseek sysseek(ja)]}}
==== syswrite ====
fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syswrite syswrite(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/syswrite syswrite(ja)]}}
==== tell ====
get current seekpointer on a filehandle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tell tell(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/tell tell(ja)]}}
==== telldir ====
get current seekpointer on a directory handle
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/telldir telldir(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/telldir telldir(ja)]}}
==== truncate ====
shorten a file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/truncate truncate(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/truncate truncate(ja)]}}
==== warn ====
print debugging info
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/warn warn(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/warn warn(ja)]}}
==== write ====
print a picture record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/write write(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/write write(ja)]}}
=== LIST ===
[[#grep|grep]] [[#join|join]] [[#map|map]] [[#qw/STRING/|qw/STRING/]] [[#reverse|reverse]] [[#sort|sort]] [[#unpack|unpack]]
==== grep ====
locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/grep grep(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/grep grep(ja)]}}
==== join ====
join a list into a string using a separator
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/join join(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/join join(ja)]}}
==== map ====
apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/map map(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/map map(ja)]}}
==== qw/STRING/ ====
quote a list of words
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qw/STRING/ qw/STRING/(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/qw/STRING/ qw/STRING/(ja)]}}
==== reverse ====
flip a string or a list
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reverse reverse(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/reverse reverse(ja)]}}
==== sort ====
sort a list of values
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sort sort(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sort sort(ja)]}}
==== unpack ====
convert binary structure into normal perl variables
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unpack unpack(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/unpack unpack(ja)]}}
=== Math ===
[[#abs|abs]] [[#atan2|atan2]] [[#cos|cos]] [[#exp|exp]] [[#hex|hex]] [[#int|int]] [[#log|log]] [[#oct|oct]] [[#rand|rand]] [[#sin|sin]] [[#sqrt|sqrt]] [[#srand|srand]]
==== abs ====
absolute value function
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/abs abs(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/abs abs(ja)]}}
==== atan2 ====
arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/atan2 atan2(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/atan2 atan2(ja)]}}
==== cos ====
cosine function
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/cos cos(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/cos cos(ja)]}}
==== exp ====
raise I<e> to a power
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exp exp(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/exp exp(ja)]}}
==== hex ====
convert a hexadecimal string to a number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/hex hex(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/hex hex(ja)]}}
==== int ====
get the integer portion of a number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/int int(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/int int(ja)]}}
==== log ====
retrieve the natural logarithm for a number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/log log(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/log log(ja)]}}
==== oct ====
convert a string to an octal number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/oct oct(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/oct oct(ja)]}}
==== rand ====
retrieve the next pseudorandom number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rand rand(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/rand rand(ja)]}}
==== sin ====
return the sine of a number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sin sin(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sin sin(ja)]}}
==== sqrt ====
square root function
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sqrt sqrt(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sqrt sqrt(ja)]}}
==== srand ====
seed the random number generator
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/srand srand(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/srand srand(ja)]}}
=== Misc ===
[[#defined|defined]] [[#formline|formline]] [[#lock|lock]] [[#prototype|prototype]] [[#reset|reset]] [[#scalar|scalar]] [[#undef|undef]]
==== defined ====
test whether a value, variable, or function is defined
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/defined defined(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/defined defined(ja)]}}
==== formline ====
internal function used for formats
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/formline formline(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/formline formline(ja)]}}
==== lock ====
get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lock lock(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/lock lock(ja)]}}
==== prototype ====
get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/prototype prototype(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/prototype prototype(ja)]}}
==== reset ====
clear all variables of a given name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reset reset(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/reset reset(ja)]}}
==== scalar ====
force a scalar context
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/scalar scalar(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/scalar scalar(ja)]}}
==== undef ====
remove a variable or function definition
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/undef undef(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/undef undef(ja)]}}
=== Modules ===
[[#do|do]] [[#import|import]] [[#no|no]] [[#package|package]] [[#require|require]] [[#use|use]]
==== do ====
turn a BLOCK into a TERM
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do do(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/do do(ja)]}}
==== import ====
patch a module's namespace into your own
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/import import(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/import import(ja)]}}
==== no ====
unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/no no(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/no no(ja)]}}
==== package ====
declare a separate global namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package package(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/package package(ja)]}}
==== require ====
load in external functions from a library at runtime
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/require require(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/require require(ja)]}}
==== use ====
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use use(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/use use(ja)]}}
=== Namespace ===
[[#caller|caller]] [[#import|import]] [[#local|local]] [[#my|my]] [[#our|our]] [[#package|package]] [[#state|state]] [[#use|use]]
==== caller ====
get context of the current subroutine call
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/caller caller(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/caller caller(ja)]}}
==== import ====
patch a module's namespace into your own
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/import import(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/import import(ja)]}}
==== local ====
create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/local local(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/local local(ja)]}}
==== my ====
declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/my my(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/my my(ja)]}}
==== our ====
declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/our our(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/our our(ja)]}}
==== package ====
declare a separate global namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package package(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/package package(ja)]}}
==== state ====
declare and assign a persistent lexical variable
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/state state(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/state state(ja)]}}
==== use ====
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use use(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/use use(ja)]}}
=== Network ===
[[#endprotoent|endprotoent]] [[#endservent|endservent]] [[#gethostbyaddr|gethostbyaddr]] [[#gethostbyname|gethostbyname]] [[#gethostent|gethostent]] [[#getnetbyaddr|getnetbyaddr]] [[#getnetbyname|getnetbyname]] [[#getnetent|getnetent]] [[#getprotobyname|getprotobyname]] [[#getprotobynumber|getprotobynumber]] [[#getprotoent|getprotoent]] [[#getservbyname|getservbyname]] [[#getservbyport|getservbyport]] [[#getservent|getservent]] [[#sethostent|sethostent]] [[#setnetent|setnetent]] [[#setprotoent|setprotoent]] [[#setservent|setservent]]
==== endprotoent ====
be done using protocols file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endprotoent endprotoent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endprotoent endprotoent(ja)]}}
==== endservent ====
be done using services file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endservent endservent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endservent endservent(ja)]}}
==== gethostbyaddr ====
get host record given its address
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostbyaddr gethostbyaddr(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/gethostbyaddr gethostbyaddr(ja)]}}
==== gethostbyname ====
get host record given name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostbyname gethostbyname(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/gethostbyname gethostbyname(ja)]}}
==== gethostent ====
get next hosts record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostent gethostent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/gethostent gethostent(ja)]}}
==== getnetbyaddr ====
get network record given its address
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetbyaddr getnetbyaddr(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getnetbyaddr getnetbyaddr(ja)]}}
==== getnetbyname ====
get networks record given name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetbyname getnetbyname(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getnetbyname getnetbyname(ja)]}}
==== getnetent ====
get next networks record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetent getnetent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getnetent getnetent(ja)]}}
==== getprotobyname ====
get protocol record given name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotobyname getprotobyname(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getprotobyname getprotobyname(ja)]}}
==== getprotobynumber ====
get protocol record numeric protocol
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotobynumber getprotobynumber(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getprotobynumber getprotobynumber(ja)]}}
==== getprotoent ====
get next protocols record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotoent getprotoent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getprotoent getprotoent(ja)]}}
==== getservbyname ====
get services record given its name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservbyname getservbyname(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getservbyname getservbyname(ja)]}}
==== getservbyport ====
get services record given numeric port
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservbyport getservbyport(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getservbyport getservbyport(ja)]}}
==== getservent ====
get next services record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservent getservent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getservent getservent(ja)]}}
==== sethostent ====
prepare hosts file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sethostent sethostent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sethostent sethostent(ja)]}}
==== setnetent ====
prepare networks file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setnetent setnetent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setnetent setnetent(ja)]}}
==== setprotoent ====
prepare protocols file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setprotoent setprotoent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setprotoent setprotoent(ja)]}}
==== setservent ====
prepare services file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setservent setservent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setservent setservent(ja)]}}
=== Objects ===
[[#bless|bless]] [[#dbmclose|dbmclose]] [[#dbmopen|dbmopen]] [[#package|package]] [[#ref|ref]] [[#tie|tie]] [[#tied|tied]] [[#untie|untie]] [[#use|use]]
==== bless ====
create an object
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/bless bless(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/bless bless(ja)]}}
==== dbmclose ====
breaks binding on a tied dbm file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmclose dbmclose(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/dbmclose dbmclose(ja)]}}
==== dbmopen ====
create binding on a tied dbm file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmopen dbmopen(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/dbmopen dbmopen(ja)]}}
==== package ====
declare a separate global namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package package(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/package package(ja)]}}
==== ref ====
find out the type of thing being referenced
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ref ref(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/ref ref(ja)]}}
==== tie ====
bind a variable to an object class
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tie tie(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/tie tie(ja)]}}
==== tied ====
get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tied tied(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/tied tied(ja)]}}
==== untie ====
break a tie binding to a variable
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/untie untie(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/untie untie(ja)]}}
==== use ====
load in a module at compile time and import its namespace
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use use(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/use use(ja)]}}
=== Process ===
[[#alarm|alarm]] [[#exec|exec]] [[#fork|fork]] [[#getpgrp|getpgrp]] [[#getppid|getppid]] [[#getpriority|getpriority]] [[#kill|kill]] [[#pipe|pipe]] [[#qx/STRING/|qx/STRING/]] [[#readpipe|readpipe]] [[#setpgrp|setpgrp]] [[#setpriority|setpriority]] [[#sleep|sleep]] [[#system|system]] [[#times|times]] [[#wait|wait]] [[#waitpid|waitpid]]
==== alarm ====
schedule a SIGALRM
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/alarm alarm(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/alarm alarm(ja)]}}
==== exec ====
abandon this program to run another
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exec exec(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/exec exec(ja)]}}
==== fork ====
create a new process just like this one
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fork fork(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/fork fork(ja)]}}
==== getpgrp ====
get process group
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpgrp getpgrp(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpgrp getpgrp(ja)]}}
==== getppid ====
get parent process ID
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getppid getppid(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getppid getppid(ja)]}}
==== getpriority ====
get current nice value
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpriority getpriority(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpriority getpriority(ja)]}}
==== kill ====
send a signal to a process or process group
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/kill kill(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/kill kill(ja)]}}
==== pipe ====
open a pair of connected filehandles
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pipe pipe(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/pipe pipe(ja)]}}
==== qx/STRING/ ====
backquote quote a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qx/STRING/ qx/STRING/(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/qx/STRING/ qx/STRING/(ja)]}}
==== readpipe ====
execute a system command and collect standard output
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readpipe readpipe(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/readpipe readpipe(ja)]}}
==== setpgrp ====
set the process group of a process
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpgrp setpgrp(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setpgrp setpgrp(ja)]}}
==== setpriority ====
set a process's nice value
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpriority setpriority(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setpriority setpriority(ja)]}}
==== sleep ====
block for some number of seconds
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sleep sleep(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sleep sleep(ja)]}}
==== system ====
run a separate program
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/system system(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/system system(ja)]}}
==== times ====
return elapsed time for self and child processes
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/times times(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/times times(ja)]}}
==== wait ====
wait for any child process to die
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/wait wait(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/wait wait(ja)]}}
==== waitpid ====
wait for a particular child process to die
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/waitpid waitpid(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/waitpid waitpid(ja)]}}
=== Regexp ===
[[#m//|m//]] [[#pos|pos]] [[#qr/STRING/|qr/STRING/]] [[#quotemeta|quotemeta]] [[#s///|s///]] [[#split|split]] [[#study|study]]
==== m// ====
match a string with a regular expression pattern
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/m// m//(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/m// m//(ja)]}}
==== pos ====
find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pos pos(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/pos pos(ja)]}}
==== qr/STRING/ ====
compile pattern
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qr/STRING/ qr/STRING/(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/qr/STRING/ qr/STRING/(ja)]}}
==== quotemeta ====
quote regular expression magic characters
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/quotemeta quotemeta(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/quotemeta quotemeta(ja)]}}
==== s/// ====
replace a pattern with a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/s/// s///(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/s/// s///(ja)]}}
==== split ====
split up a string using a regexp delimiter
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/split split(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/split split(ja)]}}
==== study ====
no-op, formerly optimized input data for repeated searches
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/study study(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/study study(ja)]}}
=== Socket ===
[[#accept|accept]] [[#bind|bind]] [[#connect|connect]] [[#getpeername|getpeername]] [[#getsockname|getsockname]] [[#getsockopt|getsockopt]] [[#listen|listen]] [[#recv|recv]] [[#send|send]] [[#setsockopt|setsockopt]] [[#shutdown|shutdown]] [[#socket|socket]] [[#socketpair|socketpair]]
==== accept ====
accept an incoming socket connect
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/accept accept(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/accept accept(ja)]}}
==== bind ====
binds an address to a socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/bind bind(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/bind bind(ja)]}}
==== connect ====
connect to a remote socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/connect connect(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/connect connect(ja)]}}
==== getpeername ====
find the other end of a socket connection
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpeername getpeername(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpeername getpeername(ja)]}}
==== getsockname ====
retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getsockname getsockname(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getsockname getsockname(ja)]}}
==== getsockopt ====
get socket options on a given socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getsockopt getsockopt(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getsockopt getsockopt(ja)]}}
==== listen ====
register your socket as a server
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/listen listen(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/listen listen(ja)]}}
==== recv ====
receive a message over a Socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/recv recv(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/recv recv(ja)]}}
==== send ====
send a message over a socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/send send(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/send send(ja)]}}
==== setsockopt ====
set some socket options
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setsockopt setsockopt(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setsockopt setsockopt(ja)]}}
==== shutdown ====
close down just half of a socket connection
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shutdown shutdown(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shutdown shutdown(ja)]}}
==== socket ====
create a socket
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/socket socket(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/socket socket(ja)]}}
==== socketpair ====
create a pair of sockets
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/socketpair socketpair(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/socketpair socketpair(ja)]}}
=== String ===
[[#chomp|chomp]] [[#chop|chop]] [[#chr|chr]] [[#crypt|crypt]] [[#fc|fc]] [[#hex|hex]] [[#index|index]] [[#lc|lc]] [[#lcfirst|lcfirst]] [[#length|length]] [[#oct|oct]] [[#ord|ord]] [[#pack|pack]] [[#q/STRING/|q/STRING/]] [[#qq/STRING/|qq/STRING/]] [[#reverse|reverse]] [[#rindex|rindex]] [[#sprintf|sprintf]] [[#substr|substr]] [[#tr///|tr///]] [[#uc|uc]] [[#ucfirst|ucfirst]] [[#y///|y///]]
==== chomp ====
remove a trailing record separator from a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chomp chomp(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chomp chomp(ja)]}}
==== chop ====
remove the last character from a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chop chop(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chop chop(ja)]}}
==== chr ====
get character this number represents
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chr chr(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/chr chr(ja)]}}
==== crypt ====
one-way passwd-style encryption
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/crypt crypt(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/crypt crypt(ja)]}}
==== fc ====
return casefolded version of a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fc fc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/fc fc(ja)]}}
==== hex ====
convert a hexadecimal string to a number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/hex hex(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/hex hex(ja)]}}
==== index ====
find a substring within a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/index index(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/index index(ja)]}}
==== lc ====
return lower-case version of a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lc lc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/lc lc(ja)]}}
==== lcfirst ====
return a string with just the next letter in lower case
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lcfirst lcfirst(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/lcfirst lcfirst(ja)]}}
==== length ====
return the number of characters in a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/length length(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/length length(ja)]}}
==== oct ====
convert a string to an octal number
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/oct oct(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/oct oct(ja)]}}
==== ord ====
find a character's numeric representation
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ord ord(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/ord ord(ja)]}}
==== pack ====
convert a list into a binary representation
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pack pack(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/pack pack(ja)]}}
==== q/STRING/ ====
singly quote a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/q/STRING/ q/STRING/(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/q/STRING/ q/STRING/(ja)]}}
==== qq/STRING/ ====
doubly quote a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qq/STRING/ qq/STRING/(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/qq/STRING/ qq/STRING/(ja)]}}
==== reverse ====
flip a string or a list
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reverse reverse(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/reverse reverse(ja)]}}
==== rindex ====
right-to-left substring search
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rindex rindex(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/rindex rindex(ja)]}}
==== sprintf ====
formatted print into a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sprintf sprintf(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/sprintf sprintf(ja)]}}
==== substr ====
get or alter a portion of a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/substr substr(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/substr substr(ja)]}}
==== tr/// ====
transliterate a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tr/// tr///(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/tr/// tr///(ja)]}}
==== uc ====
return upper-case version of a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/uc uc(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/uc uc(ja)]}}
==== ucfirst ====
return a string with just the next letter in upper case
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ucfirst ucfirst(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/ucfirst ucfirst(ja)]}}
==== y/// ====
transliterate a string
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/y/// y///(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/y/// y///(ja)]}}
=== SysV ===
[[#msgctl|msgctl]] [[#msgget|msgget]] [[#msgrcv|msgrcv]] [[#msgsnd|msgsnd]] [[#semctl|semctl]] [[#semget|semget]] [[#semop|semop]] [[#shmctl|shmctl]] [[#shmget|shmget]] [[#shmread|shmread]] [[#shmwrite|shmwrite]]
==== msgctl ====
SysV IPC message control operations
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgctl msgctl(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/msgctl msgctl(ja)]}}
==== msgget ====
get SysV IPC message queue
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgget msgget(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/msgget msgget(ja)]}}
==== msgrcv ====
receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgrcv msgrcv(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/msgrcv msgrcv(ja)]}}
==== msgsnd ====
send a SysV IPC message to a message queue
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgsnd msgsnd(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/msgsnd msgsnd(ja)]}}
==== semctl ====
SysV semaphore control operations
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semctl semctl(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/semctl semctl(ja)]}}
==== semget ====
get set of SysV semaphores
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semget semget(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/semget semget(ja)]}}
==== semop ====
SysV semaphore operations
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semop semop(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/semop semop(ja)]}}
==== shmctl ====
SysV shared memory operations
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmctl shmctl(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shmctl shmctl(ja)]}}
==== shmget ====
get SysV shared memory segment identifier
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmget shmget(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shmget shmget(ja)]}}
==== shmread ====
read SysV shared memory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmread shmread(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shmread shmread(ja)]}}
==== shmwrite ====
write SysV shared memory
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmwrite shmwrite(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/shmwrite shmwrite(ja)]}}
=== Time ===
[[#gmtime|gmtime]] [[#localtime|localtime]] [[#time|time]] [[#times|times]]
==== gmtime ====
convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gmtime gmtime(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/gmtime gmtime(ja)]}}
==== localtime ====
convert UNIX time into record or string using local time
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/localtime localtime(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/localtime localtime(ja)]}}
==== time ====
return number of seconds since 1970
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/time time(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/time time(ja)]}}
==== times ====
return elapsed time for self and child processes
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/times times(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/times times(ja)]}}
=== User ===
[[#endgrent|endgrent]] [[#endhostent|endhostent]] [[#endnetent|endnetent]] [[#endpwent|endpwent]] [[#getgrent|getgrent]] [[#getgrgid|getgrgid]] [[#getgrnam|getgrnam]] [[#getlogin|getlogin]] [[#getpwent|getpwent]] [[#getpwnam|getpwnam]] [[#getpwuid|getpwuid]] [[#setgrent|setgrent]] [[#setpwent|setpwent]]
==== endgrent ====
be done using group file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endgrent endgrent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endgrent endgrent(ja)]}}
==== endhostent ====
be done using hosts file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endhostent endhostent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endhostent endhostent(ja)]}}
==== endnetent ====
be done using networks file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endnetent endnetent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endnetent endnetent(ja)]}}
==== endpwent ====
be done using passwd file
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endpwent endpwent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/endpwent endpwent(ja)]}}
==== getgrent ====
get next group record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrent getgrent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getgrent getgrent(ja)]}}
==== getgrgid ====
get group record given group user ID
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrgid getgrgid(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getgrgid getgrgid(ja)]}}
==== getgrnam ====
get group record given group name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrnam getgrnam(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getgrnam getgrnam(ja)]}}
==== getlogin ====
return who logged in at this tty
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getlogin getlogin(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getlogin getlogin(ja)]}}
==== getpwent ====
get next passwd record
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwent getpwent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpwent getpwent(ja)]}}
==== getpwnam ====
get passwd record given user login name
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwnam getpwnam(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpwnam getpwnam(ja)]}}
==== getpwuid ====
get passwd record given user ID
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwuid getpwuid(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/getpwuid getpwuid(ja)]}}
==== setgrent ====
prepare group file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setgrent setgrent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setgrent setgrent(ja)]}}
==== setpwent ====
prepare passwd file for use
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpwent setpwent(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/func/setpwent setpwent(ja)]}}
<noinclude>
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ãã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãDESTROY ãšèšãååã§ã(new ãšç°ãªãåå㯠DESTROY åºå®ã§ã)ã
DESTROY ã¡ãœããã¯ãã€ã§ãåŒã³åºãããšãã§ããã®ã§ã DESTROY ã¡ãœããã§è¡ãäœãã«ãã£ãŠèšå®ããããããããªãã°ããŒãã«ãªã¹ããŒã¿ã¹å€æ°ãããŒã«ã«åããªããã°ãããŸããã ãã®ãããDESTROYã®ããããŒã°ã¯äžã®ãããªãã®ã«ãªããŸãã
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ãšãããšããPerlã¯$ptå±ããã¯ã©ã¹(=ããã±ãŒãž)ã«absãšããååã®ã¡ãœãããæ¢ãã«ãããŸãã ããèŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåã¯ã@ISAãšããç¹æ®ãªé
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SUPERæ¬äŒŒã¯ã©ã¹( SUPER pseudo-class )ã¯ãåžžã«åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ãæããŠããŸããåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã掟çã¯ã©ã¹å
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base ãã©ã°ãã䜿ããšãåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©ã«å¿
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ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãbaseãããã©ãŒã¯ããŠãæºãŸã£ãŠãããŽããåãé€ãããã®ã§ãã
ãã®ä»ã«ããClass::Structã®æ§ã«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®èªåçæãªã©ãè¡ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å®çŸ©ãè£å©ãããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã¯å¹Ÿã€ããããŸãããææ©ãã¯ã©ã¹ãšã¯ã©ã¹éå±€ã®æå¹æ§ãè©äŸ¡ããã®ã«ã¯äŸ¿å©ã§ãããã¯ã©ã¹èšèšãå®äºããæç¹ã§ã@ISAãçŽæ¥æäœããçŽ æŽãªã³ãŒãã«æžãæããã»ããä¿å®æ§ã¯åäžããŸãã
JavaScript/ã¯ã©ã¹#å
å«ãšç¶æ¿ããRubyã«ç§»æ€ããã³ãŒãããOOPerl ã«ç§»æ€ããŸããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl4ãŸã§ã¯ãå
šãŠã®å€æ°ã¯åçã§åäžã®ã°ããŒãã«ãªåå空éã«ååšããŠããŸããã ããã¯äžåºŠ BASIC ãšåãç¶æ³ã§ãèå¥åã®è¡çªã®åé¿ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®å€§ããªããŒãã§ããã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«Perl5ã§ã¯",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå°å
¥ãããŸããã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã¯ãåå空éã®äžéšãšã¿ãªããããå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒã( fully qualified form )ã§ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããŸãã éã«ãã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãå€æ°ã¯ããã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®äžéšãšã¿ãªããããå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒããæã¡ãŸããã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl ã®åå空éã¯ãããã±ãŒãžããšåŒã°ããpackage 宣èšã¯å€æ°ãééå®åçåã®åã«ã©ã®åå空éãä»ãããã決ããŸãã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "package 宣èšã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã¯å®£èšã«äŒŽããããã¯ããããã¯ã䌎ããªãå Žåã¯æ¬¡ã®package 宣èšãŸã§ã§ãã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ourã§å®£èšãããå€æ°ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã§ããããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã¯ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã§ãããããã±ãŒãžã«å±ããŠããŸãã our宣èšã®å Žæã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããåçŽãªååã§ã®åç
§ã¯ã§ããŸãããã::ãã€ãã£ãå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒã§ããã°ãourã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã®å€ãããåç
§ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ããã±ãŒãž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PerlããAWK ã® BEGIN, END ã®ããã«ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§å®è¡ãããã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸãã ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãšå€èŠ³ã¯äŒŒãŠããŸãããåãããã±ãŒãžã«2ã€ä»¥äžå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããçŽæ¥åŒåºãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã 5ã€ã®ã©ã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã§å®è¡ãããŠãããã¯ã${^GLOBAL_PHASE} ã§åç
§ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "BEGINã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ãããŒã¹ãã端ããå®è¡ãããŸãã AWKã®BEGINãšåæ§ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "UNITCHECKãããã¯ã¯ããããå®çŸ©ãããŠããããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããçŽåŸã«å®è¡ãããŸãã ã¡ã€ã³ããã°ã©ã ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãããããŒãããåã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«åäœã§ãããæååè©äŸ¡ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã® (?{ }) æ§æã䜿çšããŠã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã³ãŒããdo FILEãrequire FILEã®åŒã³åºããã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³äžã®-eã¹ã€ããã®åŸã®ã³ãŒããåæ§ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CHECK ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ãæåã® Perl ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãã§ãŒãºçµäºçŽåŸã å®è¡æãéå§ããçŽåã«ãLIFO é ã§å®è¡ãããŸãã CHECK ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ Perl ã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¹ã€ãŒããããã°ã©ã ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã« ç¶æ
ãä¿åããããã«äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "INIT ãããã¯ã¯ Perl ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ãå®è¡ãéå§ããçŽåã«ããå
å
¥ãå
åºãã (FIFO) é ã§å®è¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ENDã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ã§ããã ãé
ããperlãããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãçµãã£ãåŸãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãçµäºããçŽåã«å®è¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "AWKã®ENDãšåæ§ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã°ãã¯ãPerl ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«æãå®è¡æã®åäœã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ãã strict ã warnings ã®ããã«ãPerl ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«æãå®è¡æã®åäœã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ãã Perl 5.10 ããã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒããã©ã°ããå®çŸ©ã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "strictãã©ã°ããæå¹ã«ãããšã宣èšæžã¿ã§ãªãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ãã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãªã©å±éºãªãã®ã®äœ¿çšãçŠæ¢ããŸããããããåºçŸããæç¹ã§äŸå€ãçºçãããããã°ã©ã ãçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "use v5.12 以é㯠strict ããã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "use ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å;ãšãããšãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã察矩èªã¯no ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å;ã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãäžäœ¿çšã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "strictãã©ã°ãã¯ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒããæã€ã®ã§ããã®ããã«ãããã¯å
ã§ã®ã¿ç¡å¹ã«ãããšããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãèŠåã®æ©èœãè¿œå ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯perlã® -w ã¹ã€ãããšåãã§ãç¡æå³ãªæŒç®ãæªå®çŸ©ã®å€æ°ã®äœ¿çšãäžåºŠã䜿çšãããŠããªãå€æ°ãªã©ã«å¯ŸããèŠåãæå¹ã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "use v5.36 以éã¯ãwarnings ããã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ã§ã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èŠåããã ãã§ãããã°ã©ã ã¯ç¶è¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒãæžãæšãŠã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããäœæããæ以å€ã¯ãstrictãã©ã°ããšå
±ã«åžžã«æå¹ã«ããããšãæšå¥šãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "perlã«æšæºã§å梱ãããŠããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ããšãæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãããŸããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ä»¥å€ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãCPANãªã©ããå
¥æããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) ãšã¯ãPerlã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã®ä»ã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããªã©ãéããäžççãªã¢ãŒã«ã€ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®CPAN.pmã§ã¯ãã·ã§ã«ããcpanã³ãã³ãã䜿ã£ãŠCPANã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ãæäŸããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ããè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§ããä»ã®å€ãã®èšèªãšåããååã«ã¯ new ã䜿ããŸãã ä»ã®ååã§ããããŒã¿ãŒæ§é ãã¯ã©ã¹ã« bless ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å
šãŠã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°blessã¯ãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®äžæ žã§ã第äžåŒæ°(å
žåçã«ã¯ $self ãšããååã®ããã·ã¥)ãšã第äºåŒæ°ã®(å
žåçã«ã¯ $class ãšèšãååã®ããã±ãŒãž)ãçµã³ã€ããã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹(ã¯ã©ã¹ãå®äœåãããªããžã§ã¯ã)ãæ»å€ãšããŸããbless ã®æ»å€ã䜿ã£ãŠã¡ãœãããã¡ã³ããŒãåç
§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®å
éšæ§é $self ã¯ãå
žåçã«ã¯ããã·ã¥ã䜿ãããŸãããããã¯ããã·ã¥ã¯ããŒ(åå)ã«ãã£ãŠå€ãåãåºãããšãã§ããããã¡ã³ããŒãè¡šçŸããã®ã«é©ããŠããããã§ãã ã»ãã®ããŒã¿ãŒæ§é ãé
åã»ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ãªã©ãå
éšæ§é ã«ããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®£èšã¯package宣èšã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããŸããããã¯ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãããã±ãŒãžã宣èšããã®ãšææ³çã«ã¯å
šãåãã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ãœããã®å®çŸ©ã¯é¢æ°å®çŸ©ãšåãsubã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŸããã¡ãœããã¯ç¬¬äžåŒæ°ã«ãªããžã§ã¯ã(æ
£ç¿ãšã㊠$self ã®ååã䜿ãããŸã)ãæž¡ããããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "bless ã§ããã±ãŒãžãšçµã¶ä»ããããããŒã¿ãŒæ§é ã«ããã·ã¥ã䜿ã£ãå ŽåãããŒãååãšããã¡ã³ããŒå€æ°ãšããŠæ¯èããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§åç
§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ãã¯ã©ã¹å€æ°ã«çžåœããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«ãããã±ãŒãžå
ã§our宣èšãããå€æ°(ããã±ãŒãžå€æ°)ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹å€æ°ãšããŠæ¯èããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ããžã®æåŸã®åç
§ããªããªããšããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ç Žæ£ãããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãããç Žæ£ãããããµãã«ãŒãã³ããã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãDESTROY ãšèšãååã§ã(new ãšç°ãªãåå㯠DESTROY åºå®ã§ã)ã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DESTROY ã¡ãœããã¯ãã€ã§ãåŒã³åºãããšãã§ããã®ã§ã DESTROY ã¡ãœããã§è¡ãäœãã«ãã£ãŠèšå®ããããããããªãã°ããŒãã«ãªã¹ããŒã¿ã¹å€æ°ãããŒã«ã«åããªããã°ãããŸããã ãã®ãããDESTROYã®ããããŒã°ã¯äžã®ãããªãã®ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ãæ¢åã®ã¯ã©ã¹ããæ§è³ªã®éšåçã«ç°ãªãã¯ã©ã¹ã掟çãããããšãç¶æ¿ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšããPerlã¯$ptå±ããã¯ã©ã¹(=ããã±ãŒãž)ã«absãšããååã®ã¡ãœãããæ¢ãã«ãããŸãã ããèŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåã¯ã@ISAãšããç¹æ®ãªé
åã«æ ŒçŽãããŠããã¯ã©ã¹ã«absãšããååã®ã¡ãœãããæ¢ãã«ãããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "@ISAã«åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ååãå
¥ããŠããããšã§ãç¶æ¿ãå®çŸããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "@ISA ã®èŠçŽ æ°ã1ã®ç¶æ¿ã¯åäžç¶æ¿ã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "@ISAã«è€æ°ã®ã¯ã©ã¹åãåæããç¶æ¿ãå€éç¶æ¿ã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºåºã¯ã©ã¹å士ãå
±éã®ã¯ã©ã¹ãã掟çãããŠããç¶æ¿é¢ä¿ããã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãç¶æ¿ãšåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®å€éç¶æ¿ã§ã¯ã2ã€ä»¥äžã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãåŒåºãã¹ããŒããªæ¹æ³ããªãã®ã§ãçæ¹ã¯ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãçšæãããã¡ãœããã»ãããšããŠå®è£
ããããšãšãªããå®è³ªçã« Mix-in ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãã¡ãœããã»ãããåæããã¯ã©ã¹éã®é¢ä¿ããMix-inãšãããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "SUPERæ¬äŒŒã¯ã©ã¹( SUPER pseudo-class )ã¯ãåžžã«åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ãæããŠããŸããåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã掟çã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§åŒã³åºãå Žåã«äœ¿çšããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:å€äºç¶æ¿ã®å Žåã®SUPERã®æ¯èã]",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "base ãã©ã°ãã䜿ããšãåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©ã«å¿
èŠãªuseã@ISAã®ä»£å
¥ããåºåºã¯ã©ã¹å
ã®å€æ°ãé¢æ°ã®ã€ã³ããŒããŸã§ããã¹ãŠèªåã§è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãbaseãããã©ãŒã¯ããŠãæºãŸã£ãŠãããŽããåãé€ãããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã«ããClass::Structã®æ§ã«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®èªåçæãªã©ãè¡ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å®çŸ©ãè£å©ãããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã¯å¹Ÿã€ããããŸãããææ©ãã¯ã©ã¹ãšã¯ã©ã¹éå±€ã®æå¹æ§ãè©äŸ¡ããã®ã«ã¯äŸ¿å©ã§ãããã¯ã©ã¹èšèšãå®äºããæç¹ã§ã@ISAãçŽæ¥æäœããçŽ æŽãªã³ãŒãã«æžãæããã»ããä¿å®æ§ã¯åäžããŸãã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "JavaScript/ã¯ã©ã¹#å
å«ãšç¶æ¿ããRubyã«ç§»æ€ããã³ãŒãããOOPerl ã«ç§»æ€ããŸããã",
"title": "Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå"
}
] | null | {{Nav}}
<noinclude>
:<small>[[ããã°ã©ãã³ã°]] > [[Perl]] > '''ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå'''</small>
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
= ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå =
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
== ããã±ãŒãž ==
Perl4ãŸã§ã¯ãå
šãŠã®å€æ°ã¯åçã§åäžã®ã°ããŒãã«ãªåå空éã«ååšããŠããŸããã
ããã¯äžåºŠ [[BASIC]] ãšåãç¶æ³ã§ãèå¥åã®è¡çªã®åé¿ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®å€§ããªããŒãã§ããã
ãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«Perl5ã§ã¯
# vars ãã©ã°ãã our ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿ã£ãŠå
¬éãããåå空éä»ãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°
# my ã state ã§å®£èšãããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãå€æ°
ãå°å
¥ãããŸããã
=== å®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒ ===
ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã¯ãåå空éã®äžéšãšã¿ãªããããå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒã( ''fully qualified form'' )ã§ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããŸãã
éã«ãã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãå€æ°ã¯ããã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®äžéšãšã¿ãªããããå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒããæã¡ãŸããã
;å®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒ:<code>åå空é::èå¥å</code>
=== package ===
Perl ã®åå空éã¯ãããã±ãŒãžããšåŒã°ããpackage 宣èšã¯å€æ°ãééå®åçåã®åã«ã©ã®åå空éãä»ãããã決ããŸãã
package 宣èšã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã¯å®£èšã«äŒŽããããã¯ããããã¯ã䌎ããªãå Žåã¯æ¬¡ã®package 宣èšãŸã§ã§ãã
;package 宣èšãå«ãã³ãŒã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.20.0;
say "default package name is @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}";
package PKG0 {
sub f { say "I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
}
say "In @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}";
package PKG1;
sub f { say "I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
say "In @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}";
package main;
sub f { say "I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
&PKG0::f;
&PKG1::f;
&main::f;
&::f;
&f;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
default package name is main
default package name is main
In main
In PKG1
I'm PKG0
I'm PKG1
I'm main
I'm main
I'm main
</syntaxhighlight>
: __PACKAGE__ ã§ããã®äœçœ®ã®ããã±ãŒãžåãåç
§ã§ããŸãã
: ãããã¬ãã«ã®ããã±ãŒãžåã¯ãmain ã§ãã
: package PKG0 ã¯ãããããã¯ã䌎ã£ãŠå®£èšãããŠããã®ã§ããããã¯ãæãããš main ããã±ãŒãžã«æ»ããŸãã
: package PKG1 ã¯ãããããã¯ã䌎ãã宣èšãããŠããã®ã§ã次㮠package 宣èšãŸã§ã PKG0 ããã±ãŒãžã§ãã
: <code>&PKG0::f</code>ã§ãPKG0ããã±ãŒãžã®fãã <code>&PKG1::f</code>ã§ãPKG1ããã±ãŒãžã®fãã
: <code>&main::f</code>ã<code>&::f</code>ãããã¯<code>&f</code>ã§ãmainããã±ãŒãžã®fãåç
§ãããŸãã
=== our ===
<code>our</code>ã§å®£èšãããå€æ°ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã§ããããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã¯ã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã§ãããããã±ãŒãžã«å±ããŠããŸãã
<code>our</code>宣èšã®å Žæã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããåçŽãªååã§ã®åç
§ã¯ã§ããŸãããã::ãã€ãã£ãå®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒã§ããã°ã<code>our</code>ã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã®å€ãããåç
§ã§ããŸãã
;our 宣èšãå«ãã³ãŒã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.20.0;
our $x = "default package name is @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}";
package PKG0 {
our $x = "I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}"
}
package PKG1;
our $x = "I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}";
package main;
print <<EOS;
$\PKG0::x --> $PKG0::x
$\PKG1::x --> $PKG1::x
$\main::x --> $main::x
$\::x --> $::x
$\x --> $x
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
PKG0::x --> I'm PKG0
PKG1::x --> I'm PKG1
main::x --> default package name is main
::x --> default package name is main
x --> I'm PKG1
</syntaxhighlight>
: æåŸã ãæå€ã§ãããPKG1 ã® our $x ã®ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã¯å°œããŠããªãã®ã§ãmain::x ãæŒã眮ã㊠PKG1::x ãåç
§ãããŸãã
== ç¹æ®ã³ãŒãããã㯠==
Perlãã[[AWK]] ã® BEGIN, END ã®ããã«ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§å®è¡ãããã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®çŸ©ã§ããŸãã
ç¹æ®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ããµãã«ãŒãã³ãšå€èŠ³ã¯äŒŒãŠããŸãããåãããã±ãŒãžã«ïŒã€ä»¥äžå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããçŽæ¥åŒåºãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
ïŒã€ã®ã©ã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã§å®è¡ãããŠãããã¯ã${^GLOBAL_PHASE} ã§åç
§ã§ããŸãã
{{See also|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlmod.pod#BEGIN44-32UNITCHECK44-32CHECK44-32INIT32and32END perlmod -- BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT, END]}}
=== BEGIN ===
BEGINã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ãããŒã¹ãã端ããå®è¡ãããŸãã
[[AWK]]ã®[[AWK##BEGINãšEND|BEGIN]]ãšåæ§ã§ãã
<!-- require ãš BEGINã³ãŒããããã¯ã®çµåãã -->
=== UNITCHECK ===
UNITCHECKãããã¯ã¯ããããå®çŸ©ãããŠããããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããçŽåŸã«å®è¡ãããŸãã
ã¡ã€ã³ããã°ã©ã ãã¡ã€ã«ãšãããããŒãããåã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«åäœã§ãããæååè©äŸ¡ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸå
ã® (?{ }) æ§æã䜿çšããŠã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã³ãŒããdo FILEãrequire FILEã®åŒã³åºããã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³äžã®-eã¹ã€ããã®åŸã®ã³ãŒããåæ§ã§ãã
=== CHECK ===
CHECK ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ã'''æå'''ã® Perl ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãã§ãŒãºçµäºçŽåŸã å®è¡æãéå§ããçŽåã«ãLIFO é ã§å®è¡ãããŸãã
CHECK ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ Perl ã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¹ã€ãŒããããã°ã©ã ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã« ç¶æ
ãä¿åããããã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
=== INIT ===
INIT ãããã¯ã¯ Perl ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ãå®è¡ãéå§ããçŽåã«ããå
å
¥ãå
åºãã (FIFO) é ã§å®è¡ãããŸãã
=== END ===
ENDã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ã§ããã ãé
ããperlãããã°ã©ã ãå®è¡ãçµãã£ãåŸãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãŒãçµäºããçŽåã«å®è¡ãããŸãã
:ããšããdieé¢æ°ã®çµæãšããŠçµäºããå Žåã§ãåæ§ã§ãã
:ããããexecã«ãã£ãŠä»ã®ããã°ã©ã ã«é·ç§»ããå Žåã¯å®è¡ãããŸããã
:ããã«ããã³ããªã³ã°ãããŠããªãã·ã°ãã«ã«ããã¢ããŒãã®å Žåãå®è¡ãããŸããã
::(å¯èœã§ããã°)èªåã§ãã©ããããªããã°ãªããŸããã
: 1ã€ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã«è€æ°ã®ENDãããã¯ããã£ãŠãããããã¯å®çŸ©ã®éé ã§å®è¡ãããŸãã
: ã€ãŸããLIFO(Last In, First Out)ã§ãã
: ENDãããã¯ã¯ãperlã-cã¹ã€ããä»ãã§å®è¡ãããšãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ã«å€±æãããšãã«ã¯å®è¡ãããŸããã
[[AWK]]ã®[[AWK##BEGINãšEND|END]]ãšåæ§ã§ãã
<!-- require ãš BEGINã³ãŒããããã¯ã®çµåãã -->
== ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã« ==
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å [ èå¥å ];
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ãã©ã°ã ===
ãã©ã°ãã¯ãPerl ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«æãå®è¡æã®åäœã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ãã
strict ã warnings ã®ããã«ãPerl ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«æãå®è¡æã®åäœã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ãã
Perl 5.10 ããã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒããã©ã°ããå®çŸ©ã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã
==== strict ====
strictãã©ã°ããæå¹ã«ãããšã宣èšæžã¿ã§ãªãã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ãã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãªã©å±éºãªãã®ã®äœ¿çšãçŠæ¢ããŸããããããåºçŸããæç¹ã§äŸå€ãçºçãããããã°ã©ã ãçµäºããŸãã
use v5.12 以é㯠strict ã<ref>[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.12.1/perl5120delta.pod#Unicode32improvements æé»ã®strict]</ref>ãã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use strict;
</syntaxhighlight>
use ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å;ãšãããšãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã察矩èªã¯no ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å;ã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãäžäœ¿çšã«ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use strict;
{
no strict 'refs'; # ãã®ãããã¯ã®äžã§ã¯ã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã䜿çšå¯èœã«ãã
}
</syntaxhighlight>
strictãã©ã°ãã¯ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒããæã€ã®ã§ããã®ããã«ãããã¯å
ã§ã®ã¿ç¡å¹ã«ãããšããããšãã§ããŸãã
{{ã³ã©ã |$a ãš $b|2=$a ãš $b ã¯ãsort() ã䜿ããšãã®ç¹å¥ãªããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã§ãã
ãã®ç¹æ®æ§ã®ããã$a ãš $b 㯠"strict 'vars'" ãã©ã°ãã䜿çšããŠãã"use vars" ã "our()" ã䜿ã£ãŠå®£èšããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã
sort() æ¯èŒãããã¯ãé¢æ°ã§äœ¿çšãããå Žåã¯ããmy $aãããmy $bãã§ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã«ããªãããã«ããŸãããã
Perlã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ææ¬ã§ãå€æ°ã®äŸã« $a ã $b ã䜿ã£ãŠããå Žåãçè
ã¯ç¹å¥ãªããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ã§ããããšã«æãè³ã£ãŠããªãããšã«ãªããŸãã
}}
==== warnings ====
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use warnings;
</syntaxhighlight>
ã§ãèŠåã®æ©èœãè¿œå ã§ããŸãã
ããã¯perlã® -w ã¹ã€ãããšåãã§ãç¡æå³ãªæŒç®ãæªå®çŸ©ã®å€æ°ã®äœ¿çšãäžåºŠã䜿çšãããŠããªãå€æ°ãªã©ã«å¯ŸããèŠåãæå¹ã«ããŸãã
use v5.36 以éã¯ãwarnings ããã£ãã©ã«ãã§æå¹ã§ã<ref>[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perl5360delta.pod#use32v5.36 use v5.36]</ref>
èŠåããã ãã§ãããã°ã©ã ã¯ç¶è¡ãããŸãã
ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒãæžãæšãŠã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããäœæããæ以å€ã¯ãstrictãã©ã°ããšå
±ã«åžžã«æå¹ã«ããããšãæšå¥šãããŸãã
=== æšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã« ===
perlã«æšæºã§å梱ãããŠããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ããšãæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšãããŸããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ä»¥å€ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãCPANãªã©ããå
¥æããŸãã
;æšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®äžèŠ§ãšãµããŒãããŒãžã§ã³ã®äžèŠ§ã衚瀺ããã³ãŒã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
use Module::CoreList;
my $version = '5.030000';
my $modules = $Module::CoreList::version{$version};
print <<EOS;
Modules in perl $version:
@{[ join "\n", (sort keys %$modules) ]}
version in Module::CoreList::version:
@{[ join "\n", (sort keys %Module::CoreList::version) ]}
EOS</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text style="height:12rem;overflow: scroll;">
Modules in perl 5.030000:
Amiga::ARexx
Amiga::Exec
AnyDBM_File
App::Cpan
App::Prove
App::Prove::State
App::Prove::State::Result
App::Prove::State::Result::Test
Archive::Tar
Archive::Tar::Constant
Archive::Tar::File
Attribute::Handlers
AutoLoader
AutoSplit
B
B::Concise
B::Deparse
B::Op_private
B::Showlex
B::Terse
B::Xref
Benchmark
CPAN
CPAN::Author
CPAN::Bundle
CPAN::CacheMgr
CPAN::Complete
CPAN::Debug
CPAN::DeferredCode
CPAN::Distribution
CPAN::Distroprefs
CPAN::Distrostatus
CPAN::Exception::RecursiveDependency
CPAN::Exception::blocked_urllist
CPAN::Exception::yaml_not_installed
CPAN::Exception::yaml_process_error
CPAN::FTP
CPAN::FTP::netrc
CPAN::FirstTime
CPAN::HTTP::Client
CPAN::HTTP::Credentials
CPAN::HandleConfig
CPAN::Index
CPAN::InfoObj
CPAN::Kwalify
CPAN::LWP::UserAgent
CPAN::Meta
CPAN::Meta::Converter
CPAN::Meta::Feature
CPAN::Meta::History
CPAN::Meta::Merge
CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
CPAN::Meta::Requirements
CPAN::Meta::Spec
CPAN::Meta::Validator
CPAN::Meta::YAML
CPAN::Mirrors
CPAN::Module
CPAN::Nox
CPAN::Plugin
CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
CPAN::Prompt
CPAN::Queue
CPAN::Shell
CPAN::Tarzip
CPAN::URL
CPAN::Version
Carp
Carp::Heavy
Class::Struct
Compress::Raw::Bzip2
Compress::Raw::Zlib
Compress::Zlib
Config
Config::Extensions
Config::Perl::V
Cwd
DB
DBM_Filter
DBM_Filter::compress
DBM_Filter::encode
DBM_Filter::int32
DBM_Filter::null
DBM_Filter::utf8
DB_File
Data::Dumper
Devel::PPPort
Devel::Peek
Devel::SelfStubber
Digest
Digest::MD5
Digest::SHA
Digest::base
Digest::file
DirHandle
Dumpvalue
DynaLoader
Encode
Encode::Alias
Encode::Byte
Encode::CJKConstants
Encode::CN
Encode::CN::HZ
Encode::Config
Encode::EBCDIC
Encode::Encoder
Encode::Encoding
Encode::GSM0338
Encode::Guess
Encode::JP
Encode::JP::H2Z
Encode::JP::JIS7
Encode::KR
Encode::KR::2022_KR
Encode::MIME::Header
Encode::MIME::Header::ISO_2022_JP
Encode::MIME::Name
Encode::Symbol
Encode::TW
Encode::Unicode
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English
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ExtUtils::CBuilder
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ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows::GCC
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IO::Poll
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IO::Select
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IO::Socket::INET
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Memoize
Memoize::AnyDBM_File
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Memoize::ExpireTest
Memoize::NDBM_File
Memoize::SDBM_File
Memoize::Storable
Module::CoreList
Module::CoreList::Utils
Module::Load
Module::Load::Conditional
Module::Loaded
Module::Metadata
Moped::Msg
NDBM_File
NEXT
Net::Cmd
Net::Config
Net::Domain
Net::FTP
Net::FTP::A
Net::FTP::E
Net::FTP::I
Net::FTP::L
Net::FTP::dataconn
Net::NNTP
Net::Netrc
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Net::SMTP
Net::Time
Net::hostent
Net::netent
Net::protoent
Net::servent
O
ODBM_File
OS2::DLL
OS2::ExtAttr
OS2::PrfDB
OS2::Process
OS2::REXX
Opcode
POSIX
Params::Check
Parse::CPAN::Meta
Perl::OSType
PerlIO
PerlIO::encoding
PerlIO::mmap
PerlIO::scalar
PerlIO::via
PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
Pod::Checker
Pod::Escapes
Pod::Find
Pod::Functions
Pod::Functions::Functions
Pod::Html
Pod::InputObjects
Pod::Man
Pod::ParseLink
Pod::ParseUtils
Pod::Parser
Pod::Perldoc
Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
Pod::Perldoc::ToText
Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
Pod::PlainText
Pod::Select
Pod::Simple
Pod::Simple::BlackBox
Pod::Simple::Checker
Pod::Simple::Debug
Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
Pod::Simple::HTML
Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
Pod::Simple::HTMLLegacy
Pod::Simple::LinkSection
Pod::Simple::Methody
Pod::Simple::Progress
Pod::Simple::PullParser
Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
Pod::Simple::RTF
Pod::Simple::Search
Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
Pod::Simple::Text
Pod::Simple::TextContent
Pod::Simple::TiedOutFH
Pod::Simple::Transcode
Pod::Simple::TranscodeDumb
Pod::Simple::TranscodeSmart
Pod::Simple::XHTML
Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
Pod::Text
Pod::Text::Color
Pod::Text::Overstrike
Pod::Text::Termcap
Pod::Usage
SDBM_File
Safe
Scalar::Util
Search::Dict
SelectSaver
SelfLoader
Socket
Storable
Sub::Util
Symbol
Sys::Hostname
Sys::Syslog
Sys::Syslog::Win32
TAP::Base
TAP::Formatter::Base
TAP::Formatter::Color
TAP::Formatter::Console
TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
TAP::Formatter::File
TAP::Formatter::File::Session
TAP::Formatter::Session
TAP::Harness
TAP::Harness::Env
TAP::Object
TAP::Parser
TAP::Parser::Aggregator
TAP::Parser::Grammar
TAP::Parser::Iterator
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
TAP::Parser::Result
TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
TAP::Parser::Result::Test
TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
TAP::Parser::Result::Version
TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
TAP::Parser::Scheduler
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
TAP::Parser::Source
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
Term::ANSIColor
Term::Cap
Term::Complete
Term::ReadLine
Test
Test2
Test2::API
Test2::API::Breakage
Test2::API::Context
Test2::API::Instance
Test2::API::Stack
Test2::Event
Test2::Event::Bail
Test2::Event::Diag
Test2::Event::Encoding
Test2::Event::Exception
Test2::Event::Fail
Test2::Event::Generic
Test2::Event::Note
Test2::Event::Ok
Test2::Event::Pass
Test2::Event::Plan
Test2::Event::Skip
Test2::Event::Subtest
Test2::Event::TAP::Version
Test2::Event::V2
Test2::Event::Waiting
Test2::EventFacet
Test2::EventFacet::About
Test2::EventFacet::Amnesty
Test2::EventFacet::Assert
Test2::EventFacet::Control
Test2::EventFacet::Error
Test2::EventFacet::Hub
Test2::EventFacet::Info
Test2::EventFacet::Info::Table
Test2::EventFacet::Meta
Test2::EventFacet::Parent
Test2::EventFacet::Plan
Test2::EventFacet::Render
Test2::EventFacet::Trace
Test2::Formatter
Test2::Formatter::TAP
Test2::Hub
Test2::Hub::Interceptor
Test2::Hub::Interceptor::Terminator
Test2::Hub::Subtest
Test2::IPC
Test2::IPC::Driver
Test2::IPC::Driver::Files
Test2::Tools::Tiny
Test2::Util
Test2::Util::ExternalMeta
Test2::Util::Facets2Legacy
Test2::Util::HashBase
Test2::Util::Trace
Test::Builder
Test::Builder::Formatter
Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
Test::Builder::Module
Test::Builder::Tester
Test::Builder::Tester::Color
Test::Builder::TodoDiag
Test::Harness
Test::More
Test::Simple
Test::Tester
Test::Tester::Capture
Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
Test::Tester::Delegate
Test::use::ok
Text::Abbrev
Text::Balanced
Text::ParseWords
Text::Tabs
Text::Wrap
Thread
Thread::Queue
Thread::Semaphore
Tie::Array
Tie::File
Tie::Handle
Tie::Hash
Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
Tie::Memoize
Tie::RefHash
Tie::Scalar
Tie::StdHandle
Tie::SubstrHash
Time::HiRes
Time::Local
Time::Piece
Time::Seconds
Time::gmtime
Time::localtime
Time::tm
UNIVERSAL
Unicode
Unicode::Collate
Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
Unicode::Collate::Locale
Unicode::Normalize
Unicode::UCD
User::grent
User::pwent
VMS::DCLsym
VMS::Filespec
VMS::Stdio
Win32
Win32API::File
Win32API::File::inc::ExtUtils::Myconst2perl
Win32CORE
XS::APItest
XS::Typemap
XSLoader
_charnames
attributes
autodie
autodie::Scope::Guard
autodie::Scope::GuardStack
autodie::Util
autodie::exception
autodie::exception::system
autodie::hints
autodie::skip
autouse
base
bigint
bignum
bigrat
blib
bytes
charnames
constant
deprecate
diagnostics
encoding
encoding::warnings
experimental
feature
fields
filetest
if
integer
less
lib
locale
meta_notation
mro
ok
open
ops
overload
overload::numbers
overloading
parent
perlfaq
re
sigtrap
sort
strict
subs
threads
threads::shared
unicore::Name
utf8
vars
version
version::regex
vmsish
warnings
warnings::register
version in Module::CoreList::version:
5
5.000
5.001
5.002
5.00307
5.004
5.00405
5.005
5.00503
5.00504
5.006
5.006000
5.006001
5.006002
5.007003
5.008
5.008000
5.008001
5.008002
5.008003
5.008004
5.008005
5.008006
5.008007
5.008008
5.008009
5.009
5.009000
5.009001
5.009002
5.009003
5.009004
5.009005
5.01
5.010000
5.010001
5.011
5.011000
5.011001
5.011002
5.011003
5.011004
5.011005
5.012
5.012000
5.012001
5.012002
5.012003
5.012004
5.012005
5.013
5.013000
5.013001
5.013002
5.013003
5.013004
5.013005
5.013006
5.013007
5.013008
5.013009
5.01301
5.013010
5.013011
5.014
5.014000
5.014001
5.014002
5.014003
5.014004
5.015
5.015000
5.015001
5.015002
5.015003
5.015004
5.015005
5.015006
5.015007
5.015008
5.015009
5.016
5.016000
5.016001
5.016002
5.016003
5.017
5.017000
5.017001
5.017002
5.017003
5.017004
5.017005
5.017006
5.017007
5.017008
5.017009
5.01701
5.017010
5.017011
5.018
5.018000
5.018001
5.018002
5.018003
5.018004
5.019
5.019000
5.019001
5.019002
5.019003
5.019004
5.019005
5.019006
5.019007
5.019008
5.019009
5.01901
5.019010
5.019011
5.02
5.020000
5.020001
5.020002
5.020003
5.021
5.021000
5.021001
5.021002
5.021003
5.021004
5.021005
5.021006
5.021007
5.021008
5.021009
5.02101
5.021010
5.021011
5.022
5.022000
5.022001
5.022002
5.022003
5.022004
5.023
5.023000
5.023001
5.023002
5.023003
5.023004
5.023005
5.023006
5.023007
5.023008
5.023009
5.024
5.024000
5.024001
5.024002
5.024003
5.024004
5.025
5.025000
5.025001
5.025002
5.025003
5.025004
5.025005
5.025006
5.025007
5.025008
5.025009
5.02501
5.025010
5.025011
5.025012
5.026
5.026000
5.026001
5.026002
5.026003
5.027
5.027000
5.027001
5.027002
5.027003
5.027004
5.027005
5.027006
5.027007
5.027008
5.027009
5.02701
5.027010
5.027011
5.028
5.028000
5.028001
5.028002
5.029
5.029000
5.029001
5.029002
5.029003
5.029004
5.029005
5.029006
5.029007
5.029008
5.029009
5.02901
5.029010
5.03
5.030000
</syntaxhighlight>
=== CPAN ===
'''CPAN''' (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) ãšã¯ãPerlã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã®ä»ã®ã¹ã¯ãªãããªã©ãéããäžççãªã¢ãŒã«ã€ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããæšæºã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®CPAN.pmã§ã¯ãã·ã§ã«ããcpanã³ãã³ãã䜿ã£ãŠCPANã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
=== ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®äœæ ===
{{See also|[https://perldoc.perl.org/perlmod#Perl-Modules Perl Modules(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.20.1/perlmod.pod#Perl32Modules Perl Modules(ja)]}}
==== éãªããžã§ã¯ãæåç ====
;[https://paiza.io/projects/bPlXiz8VwrxUm1rsCrTy-g?language=perl lib/Category/Example.pm]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package Category::Example {
use v5.30.0;
BEGIN {
require Exporter;
# ããŒãžã§ã³ãã§ãã¯ã®ããã®ããŒãžã§ã³
our $VERSION = 1.00;
# Exporterãç¶æ¿ããŠé¢æ°ãšå€æ°ããšã¯ã¹ããŒããã
our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
# ããã©ã«ãã§ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããããé¢æ°ãšå€æ°
our @EXPORT = qw(func1 func2);
# ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§ãšã¯ã¹ããŒãå¯èœãªé¢æ°ãšå€æ°
our @EXPORT_OK = qw($Var1 %Hashit func3);
}
# ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããããããã±ãŒãžã®ã°ããŒãã«èå¥å
our $Var1 = '';
our %Hashit = ();
# ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããããªãããã±ãŒãžã®ã°ããŒãã«èå¥å
# ïŒãããã¯ã$Category::Example::stuffãšããŠãŸã ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœã§ãïŒ
our @more = ();
our $stuff = 'stuff';
# ãã¡ã€ã«ãã©ã€ããŒãã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¯ããããã䜿çšããé¢æ°ã®åã«ãããã«çœ®ãããŸãã
my $priv_var = '';
my %secret_hash = ();
# ããã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ã»ãã©ã€ããŒãé¢æ°ãã¯ããŒãžã£ãšããŠã
# $priv_func->() ãšããŠåŒã³åºããŠããŸãã
my $priv_func = sub {
...
};
# ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããããŠããé¢æ°ã®å®è£
ã
sub func1 { return "func1" }
sub func2 { return "func2" }
# ããã¯ãšã¯ã¹ããŒããããŸãããã
# Some::Module::func3() ãšããŠçŽæ¥åŒã³åºãããšãã§ããŸãã
sub func3 { return "func3" }
END { } # ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ã¯ãªãŒã³ã¢ããã³ãŒãïŒã°ããŒãã«ãã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒïŒã
}
1; # true ãè¿ãããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ããã
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/bPlXiz8VwrxUm1rsCrTy-g?language=perl Main.pl]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use lib './lib';
use Category::Example;
say func1;
say func2;
say Category::Example::func3;
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã§ãªãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å®è£
ã®äŸã§ãã
: ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ¡åŒµå㯠.pm ïŒPerl ModulesïŒã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«éå±€ã®åºåã :: ããã¡ã€ã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ãã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã«çœ®ãæãããã®ããã¹ã«ãªããŸãã: ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ package ãšããŠå®è£
ããŸãã
: ã³ã³ãã€ã«åäœãè¶
ããŠèå¥åããšãã¹ããŒãããã«ã¯ Exporter ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿ããŸãã
==== ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåç ====
{{See also|[[#å
·äœçãªå®è£
äŸ]]}}
;[https://paiza.io/projects/WXHHrK0-SPuCAUShpitAmQ?language=perl lib/Point.pm]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package Point {
use v5.30.0;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
use POSIX qw[hypot];
BEGIN {
our @VERSION = "1.2.0";
}
sub new ( $class, $x = 0.0, $y = 0.0 ) {
bless { x => $x, y => $y, }, $class;
}
use overload
'""' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) {"Point($self->{x}, $self->{y})"},
'abs' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) { POSIX::hypot( $self->{x}, $self->{y} ) };
sub abs ($self) { POSIX::hypot( $self->{x}, $self->{y} ) }
sub angle ($self) { atan2( $self->{x}, $self->{y} ) }
}
if ( $0 eq __FILE__ ) {
my $pt = Point->new( 6.0, 8.0 );
print <<EOS;
\@Point::VERSION: @{[ @Point::VERSION ]}
\$pt: $pt
\$pt->abs(): @{[ $pt->abs() ]}
\$pt->angle(): @{[ $pt->angle() ]}
EOS
}
1;
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/WXHHrK0-SPuCAUShpitAmQ?language=perl Main.pl]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use lib q(./lib);
use Point;
my $pt = Point->new( 3.0, 4.0 );
print <<EOS;
\@Point::VERSION: @{[ @Point::VERSION ]}
\$pt: $pt
abs \$pt: @{[ abs $pt ]}
\$pt->abs: @{[ $pt->abs ]}
\$pt->angle(): @{[ $pt->angle() ]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
@Point::VERSION: 1.2.0
$pt: Point(3, 4)
abs $pt: 5
$pt->abs: 5
$pt->angle(): 0.643501108793284
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å®è£
ã®äŸã§ãã
: abs ã¯ãåé
æŒç®åã§ãããã®ã§ã¡ãœããçãšæŒç®åçã®ïŒã€ãçšæããŸããã
: package ãã¯ã©ã¹ãšããŠäœ¿ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãExporter ã®åºçªã¯ãªãã[[#å®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒ|å®å
šä¿®é£Ÿåœ¢åŒ]]ãåºæ¬ã«ãªããŸãã
:: åŒåºãå
ã®ããã±ãŒãžïŒå
žåçã«ã¯ main::ïŒã®åå空éãæ±æããªãã®ãããã§ãã
: <code>use overload '""' => sub($self, $p, $q) { "Point($self->{x}, $self->{y})" };</code>ã¯ãæåååæŒç®åã[[#æŒç®åãªãŒããŒããŒã|æŒç®åãªãŒããŒããŒã]]ããŠããŸãã
== Perlãšãªããžã§ã¯ãæå ==
=== Perl ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ç¹åŸŽ ===
# ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæå
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãpackage æ§æã®æ¡åŒµ
# ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®äžæ žã¯ [[#bless|bless]] é¢æ°
# [[#@ISA|@ISA]] ã«ããç¶æ¿æ©æ§
## åçŽç¶æ¿ã ãã§ãªãå€éç¶æ¿ããµããŒã
# overload ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã䜿ãããšã§æŒç®åãªãŒããŒããŒããå¯èœ
=== å
·äœçãªå®è£
äŸã===
;[https://paiza.io/projects/RdUMmvpiW1lZFkZgeczcrA?language=perl çŽäº€åº§æšç³»ã®ïŒç¹ãè¡šãã¯ã©ã¹] Point:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
use POSIX ();
package Point {
BEGIN {
our @VERSION = '1.2.0';
}
sub new : prototype($$$) ( $class, $x = 0.0, $y = 0.0 ) {
bless { x => $x, y => $y, }, $class;
}
use overload
'""' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) {"Point($self->{x}, $self->{y})"},
'abs' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) { POSIX::hypot @$self{qw(x y)} };
sub abs : prototype($) ($self) { POSIX::hypot @$self{qw(x y)} }
sub angle ($self) { atan2 $self->{x}, $self->{y} }
}
package main {
my $pt = Point->new( 3.0, 4.0 );
print <<EOS;
\@Point::VERSION: @Point::VERSION
\$pt: $pt
abs \$pt: @{[ abs $pt ]}
\$pt->abs(): @{[ $pt->abs() ]}
\$pt->angle(): @{[ $pt->angle() ]}
\$pt->{x}: @{[ $pt->{x} ]}
\$pt->{y}: @{[ $pt->{y} ]}
\@\$pt{qw(x y)}: @{[ @$pt{qw(x y)} ]}
EOS
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
@Point::VERSION: 1.2.0
$pt: Point(3, 4)
abs $pt: 5
$pt->abs(): 5
$pt->angle(): 0.643501108793284
$pt->{x}: 3
$pt->{y}: 4
@$pt{qw(x y)}: 3 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ ===
ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ããè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§ããä»ã®å€ãã®èšèªãšåããååã«ã¯ new ã䜿ããŸãã
ä»ã®ååã§ããããŒã¿æ§é ãã¯ã©ã¹ã« bless ãè¿ããµãã«ãŒãã³ã¯å
šãŠã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãã
;ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®å®çŸ©:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=12>
sub new : prototype($$$) ( $class, $x = 0.0, $y = 0.0 ) {
bless { x => $x, y => $y, }, $class;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>use feature 'signatures';</code>ããŠããã®ã§ã¢ãã³ã§ã¹ã¿ã€ãªãã·ã¥ã§ãã
;éã·ã°ããã£ãŒã§ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®å®çŸ©:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line start=7>
sub new {
my $class = shift;
bless { x => shift // 0.0, y => shift // 0.0, }, $class;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšãæžããŸãã
;ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®åŒåºã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl Line start=24>
my $pt = Point->new(3.0, 4.0);
</syntaxhighlight>
: Point ãé ãã第äžåŒæ°ãšããŠæž¡ãããŸãã
;éæ¥ãªããžã§ã¯ãææ³:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl Line start=24>
my $pt = new Point(3.0, 4.0);
</syntaxhighlight>
:ããã¯ãéæ¥ãªããžã§ã¯ãææ³( indirect object notation )ãšããæ§æã§ããã'''v5.36ã§å»æ¢ãããŸãã'''ã
==== bless ====
çµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°<code>bless</code>ã¯ãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®äžæ žã§ã第äžåŒæ°ïŒå
žåçã«ã¯ $self ãšããååã®ããã·ã¥ïŒãšã第äºåŒæ°ã®ïŒå
žåçã«ã¯ $class ãšèšãååã®ããã±ãŒãžïŒãçµã³ã€ããã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ïŒã¯ã©ã¹ãå®äœåãããªããžã§ã¯ãïŒãæ»å€ãšããŸããbless ã®æ»å€ã䜿ã£ãŠ[[#ã¡ãœãã|ã¡ãœãã]]ã[[#ã¡ã³ããŒ|ã¡ã³ããŒ]]ãåç
§ããŸãã
ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®å
éšæ§é $self ã¯ãå
žåçã«ã¯ããã·ã¥ã䜿ãããŸãããããã¯ããã·ã¥ã¯ããŒïŒååïŒã«ãã£ãŠå€ãåãåºãããšãã§ããããã¡ã³ããŒãè¡šçŸããã®ã«é©ããŠããããã§ãã
ã»ãã®ããŒã¿æ§é ãé
åã»ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ãªã©ãå
éšæ§é ã«ããããšããããŸãã
=== ã¯ã©ã¹ ===
ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®£èšã¯<code>package</code>宣èšã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããŸããããã¯ã©ã€ãã©ãªã»ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãããã±ãŒãžã宣èšããã®ãšææ³çã«ã¯å
šãåãã§ãã
=== ã¡ãœãã ===
ã¡ãœããã®å®çŸ©ã¯é¢æ°å®çŸ©ãšåã<code>sub</code>ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŸããã¡ãœããã¯ç¬¬äžåŒæ°ã«ãªããžã§ã¯ãïŒæ
£ç¿ãšã㊠$self ã®ååã䜿ãããŸãïŒãæž¡ããããµãã«ãŒãã³ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$pt->abs()
</syntaxhighlight>
: ã®ããã«ããŠã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããã¡ãœããã¯ã
;ã·ã°ããã£ãŒç:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
sub abs($self) { POSIX::hypot($self->{x}, $self->{y}) }
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã®ããã«å®çŸ©ãããŸãã
;éã·ã°ããã£ãŒç:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
sub abs {
my $self = shift;
POSIX::hypot($self->{x}, $self->{y})
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ã¡ã³ã㌠===
bless ã§ããã±ãŒãžãšçµã¶ä»ããããããŒã¿æ§é ã«ããã·ã¥ã䜿ã£ãå ŽåãããŒãååãšããã¡ã³ããŒå€æ°ãšããŠæ¯èããŸãã
$pt->{x}
$pt->{y}
ã®ããã«ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã§åç
§ããŸãã
=== ã¯ã©ã¹å€æ° ===
Perlã§ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ãã¯ã©ã¹å€æ°ã«çžåœããŸãã
$Point::VERSION
ã®ããã«ãããã±ãŒãžå
ã§our宣èšãããå€æ°ïŒããã±ãŒãžå€æ°ïŒã¯ã¯ã©ã¹å€æ°ãšããŠæ¯èããŸãã
=== ãã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒ ===
ãªããžã§ã¯ããžã®æåŸã®åç
§ããªããªããšããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ç Žæ£ãããŸãã
* ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ïŒ1ã€ã ãïŒã«ãªããžã§ã¯ããžã®åç
§ãæçžãããŠããå Žåããã®å€æ°ãã¹ã³ãŒããåºããšãã«ãªããžã§ã¯ããç Žæ£ãããŸãã
* ããã±ãŒãžã°ããŒãã«å€æ°ã«ãªããžã§ã¯ããžã®åç
§ãæçžãããŠããå ŽåãïŒãã®å€æ°ã«å¥ã®å€ãå
¥ãã§ãããªéãïŒããã°ã©ã çµäºãŸã§ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ç Žæ£ãããŸããã
ãã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãããç Žæ£ãããããµãã«ãŒãã³ããã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãã
==== DESTROY ====
ãã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãDESTROY ãšèšãååã§ãïŒnew ãšç°ãªãåå㯠DESTROY åºå®ã§ãïŒã
DESTROY ã¡ãœããã¯ãã€ã§ãåŒã³åºãããšãã§ããã®ã§ã DESTROY ã¡ãœããã§è¡ãäœãã«ãã£ãŠèšå®ããããããããªãã°ããŒãã«ãªã¹ããŒã¿ã¹å€æ°ãããŒã«ã«åããªããã°ãããŸããã
ãã®ãããDESTROYã®ããããŒã°ã¯äžã®ãããªãã®ã«ãªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
sub DESTROY($self) {
local($., $@, $!, $^E, $?);
...;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== ç¶æ¿ ===
ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ãæ¢åã®ã¯ã©ã¹ããæ§è³ªã®éšåçã«ç°ãªãã¯ã©ã¹ã掟çãããããšãç¶æ¿ãšãããŸãã
;åºåºã¯ã©ã¹
;ããŒã¹ã¯ã©ã¹
:掟çå
ã®ã¯ã©ã¹
;掟çã¯ã©ã¹
;ãã©ã€ããã¯ã©ã¹
:掟çå
ã®ã¯ã©ã¹
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$pt->abs();
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšãããšããPerlã¯$ptå±ããã¯ã©ã¹ïŒïŒããã±ãŒãžïŒã«absãšããååã®ã¡ãœãããæ¢ãã«ãããŸãã
ããèŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåã¯ã@ISAãšããç¹æ®ãªé
åã«æ ŒçŽãããŠããã¯ã©ã¹ã«absãšããååã®ã¡ãœãããæ¢ãã«ãããŸãã
==== @ISA ====
@ISAã«åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ååãå
¥ããŠããããšã§ãç¶æ¿ãå®çŸããããšãã§ããŸãã
===== åäžç¶æ¿ =====
@ISA ã®èŠçŽ æ°ãïŒã®ç¶æ¿ã¯åäžç¶æ¿ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/4TRjuC9BbWgTD_Yh7Q_LmA?language=perl åäžç¶æ¿]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
package BaseClass {
sub new { bless {}, shift }
sub hello { say "hello I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
sub goodbye { say "goodbye I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
}
package MyClass {
BEGIN {
our @ISA = qw(BaseClass);
}
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);
$self;
}
sub goodbye { say "goodbye I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
}
my $mc = MyClass->new();
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("MyClass") ? "t" : "()"]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("OtherClass") ? "t" : "()" ]});
$mc->hello();
$mc->goodbye();
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
t
t
()
hello I'm BaseClass
goodbye I'm MyClass
</syntaxhighlight>
===== å€éç¶æ¿ =====
@ISAã«è€æ°ã®ã¯ã©ã¹åãåæããç¶æ¿ãå€éç¶æ¿ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/RKZ-HULKwcba7KdH-uRckg?language=perl å€éç¶æ¿]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight=20>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
package BaseClass1 {
sub new { bless {}, shift }
sub hello { say "hello I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
sub goodbye { say "goodbye I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
}
package BaseClass2 {
sub new { bless {}, shift }
sub hello { say "hello I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
sub goodbye { say "goodbye I'm @{[ __PACKAGE__ ]}" }
}
package MyClass {
BEGIN {
our @ISA = qw(BaseClass1 BaseClass2);
}
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);
$self;
}
}
my $mc = MyClass->new();
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("MyClass") ? "t" : "()"]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass1") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass2") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("OtherClass") ? "t" : "()" ]});
$mc->hello();
$mc->goodbye();
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
t
t
t
()
hello I'm BaseClass1
goodbye I'm BaseClass1
</syntaxhighlight>
:ããã§åé¡ãªã®ã¯ã<code>my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);</code>ã§ã® SUPER 㯠BaseClass1 ã§ããïŒã€ã®åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ BaseClass2 ã¯ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãåŒã°ããŠããªãç¹ã§ãã
:ãã®ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãååºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ããããã£ã¯åç
§ãããŠããŸããããããããããã£ãåç
§ãããšBaseClass2ã®ã¡ãœãããæªåæåããããã£ã®åç
§ãåŒãèµ·ãããŸãã
:幟ã€ãã®å¯ŸçãèããããŸãã
::åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ããšã«ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãããããã£ã®ïŒã€ãšããŠä¿æãã â ããã¯ç¶æ¿ã§ãªãå
å«
::æåã®åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®newã®æ»å€ã次ã®åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®newã«ãããã®ãç¹°è¿ã â blessããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®åblessã«ãªã
::åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ïŒã€ããããããã£ãæããããã»ãã¯ã¡ãœããã®ã¿ â ãã㯠Mix-in
: ãšå€éç¶æ¿ã«ã¯ã¡ãœããã®åŒåºã®åªå
é 以äžã«è¶
ããªããã°ãããªãåé¡ããããŸãã
===== ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãç¶æ¿ =====
åºåºã¯ã©ã¹å士ãå
±éã®ã¯ã©ã¹ãã掟çãããŠããç¶æ¿é¢ä¿ããã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãç¶æ¿ãšåŒã³ãŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/qwGU966-n_MFjasf_7_Dyg?language=perl ãã€ã¢ã¢ã³ãç¶æ¿]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
package BaseClass { }
package BaseClass1 {
BEGIN {
our @ISA = qw(BaseClass);
}
}
package BaseClass2 {
BEGIN {
our @ISA = qw(BaseClass);
}
}
package MyClass {
BEGIN {
our @ISA = qw(BaseClass1 BaseClass2);
}
sub new { bless {}, shift }
}
my $mc = MyClass->new();
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("MyClass") ? "t" : "()"]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass1") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass2") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("BaseClass") ? "t" : "()" ]});
say qq(@{[ $mc->isa("OtherClass") ? "t" : "()" ]});
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
t
t
t
t
()
</syntaxhighlight>
===== Mix-in =====
Perlã®å€éç¶æ¿ã§ã¯ã2ã€ä»¥äžã®ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãåŒåºãã¹ããŒããªæ¹æ³ããªãã®ã§ãçæ¹ã¯ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãçšæãããã¡ãœããã»ãããšããŠå®è£
ããããšãšãªããå®è³ªçã« Mix-in ã«ãªããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/khCtr_4j0A9gAzNSXMY05Q?language=perl Mix-in]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
package Eachable {
BEGIN {
our @VERSION = '1.0.0';
}
sub reduce ( $self, $cbr, $init = undef ) {
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
$init = $cbr->( $init, $_ );
}
return $init;
}
sub foreach ( $self, $cbr ) {
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
$cbr->(@pair);
}
undef;
}
sub map ( $self, $cbr ) {
my @result = ();
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
push @result, $cbr->(@pair);
}
return Array->new(@result);
}
sub filter ( $self, $cbr ) {
my @result = ();
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
push @result, $_ if $cbr->(@pair);
}
return Array->new(@result);
}
sub sum ( $self, $cbr = undef ) {
my $sum = 0;
my $c = 0;
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[0];
my @deltas = defined $cbr ? $cbr->(@pair) : @pair[ 1 .. 1 ];
foreach my $delta (@deltas) {
my $y = $delta - $c;
my $t = $sum + $y;
$c = ( $t - $sum ) - $y;
$sum = $t;
}
}
return $sum;
}
sub every ( $self, $cbr ) {
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
$cbr->($_) ? 0 : return 0 != 0;
}
return 0 == 0;
}
sub some ( $self, $cbr ) {
my $clone = "@{[ref $self]}"->new( $self->values() );
while ( my @pair = $clone->each() ) {
local $_ = $pair[1];
$cbr->($_) ? return 0 == 0 : 0;
}
return 0 != 0;
}
}
package Array {
BEGIN {
our @VERSION = '1.0.0';
our @ISA = qw(Eachable);
}
sub new ( $class, @ary ) {
bless \@ary, $class;
}
use overload '""' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) {"(@{[join ',', @$self ]})"};
sub push ( $self, @other ) { push @$self, @other; $self }
sub unshift ( $self, @other ) { unshift @$self, @other; $self }
sub pop ($self) { pop @$self; $self }
sub shift ($self) { shift @$self; $self }
sub keys ($self) { keys @$self; }
sub values ($self) { values @$self; }
sub each ($self) { each @$self; }
# sub splice; XXX
}
package Hash {
BEGIN {
our @VERSION = '1.0.0';
our @ISA = qw(Eachable);
}
sub new ( $class, $hash ) {
#my %self = %$hash;
#map { $self{$_} = $hash->{$_} } keys %$hash;
bless \%$hash, $class;
}
use overload '""' => sub ( $self, $p, $q ) {qq!(@{[join ',', map { "$_=>$self->{$_}" } sort keys %$self ]})!};
# XXX
sub delete ( $self, $key ) { delete %$self{$key} }
sub exists ( $self, $key ) { exists $$self{$key} }
sub keys ($self) { keys %$self }
sub values ($self) { my %clone = %$self; \%clone }
sub each ($self) { each %$self }
}
if ( $0 eq __FILE__ ) {
use Test::More tests => 35;
say "for Array:";
my $ary = Array->new( 1 .. 3 );
say 'my $ary = Array->new( 1 .. 3 );';
ok( Array->new( 1 .. 10 )->reduce( sub { my ( $x, $y ) = @_; $x + $y } ) == 55, "Array::reduce(1)" );
ok( Array->new( 1 .. 10 )->reduce( sub { my ( $x, $y ) = @_; $x + $y }, 10 ) == 65, "Array::reduce(2)" );
ok( do {
my $i;
$ary->foreach( sub { $i += $_ } );
$i == 6;
},
"Array::foreach"
);
ok( "" . $ary->map( sub { $_ * 2 } ) eq "(2,4,6)", "Array::map @{[ $ary->map(sub{$_*2}) ]}" );
ok( "" . $ary->filter( sub { $_ % 2 == 0 } ) eq "(2)", "Array::filter @{[ $ary->filter( sub { $_ % 2 == 0 } ) ]}" );
ok( "" . $ary->sum == 6, "Array::sum @{[ $ary->sum ]}" );
ok( $ary->every( sub { $_ < 10 } ), 'Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ < 10 } )' );
ok( !$ary->every( sub { $_ < 3 } ), 'Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ < 3 } )' );
ok( !$ary->every( sub { $_ == 1 } ), 'Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ == 1 } )' );
ok( !$ary->every( sub { $_ == 100 } ), 'Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ == 100 } )' );
ok( $ary->some( sub { $_ < 10 } ), 'Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ < 10 } )' );
ok( $ary->some( sub { $_ < 3 } ), 'Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ < 3 } )' );
ok( $ary->some( sub { $_ == 1 } ), 'Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ == 1 } )' );
ok( !$ary->some( sub { $_ == 100 } ), 'Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ == 100 } )' );
ok( "" . $ary eq "(1,2,3)", qq(Array::Operator "" --> $ary) );
ok( "" . $ary->push(10) eq "(1,2,3,10)", "Array::push --> $ary" );
ok( "" . $ary->push( 10, 11, 12 ) eq "(1,2,3,10,10,11,12)", "Array::push --> $ary" );
ok( "" . $ary->pop() eq "(1,2,3,10,10,11)", "Array::pop --> $ary" );
ok( "" . $ary->unshift(10) eq "(10,1,2,3,10,10,11)", "Array::unshift --> $ary" );
ok( "" . $ary->unshift( 10, 11, 12 ) eq "(10,11,12,10,1,2,3,10,10,11)", "Array::unshift --> $ary" );
ok( "" . $ary->shift() eq "(11,12,10,1,2,3,10,10,11)", "Array::shift --> $ary" );
ok( "@{[$ary->keys()]}" eq "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8", "Array::keys @{[$ary->keys()]}" );
ok( "@{[$ary->values()]}" eq "11 12 10 1 2 3 10 10 11", "Array::values @{[$ary->values()]}" );
say 'for Hash:';
my $hash = Hash->new( { a => 2, b => 3, c => 5, d => 7 } );
ok( "@{[sort($hash->map(sub{$_*2})->values)]}" eq "10 14 4 6", "Hash::map @{[ sort($hash->map(sub{$_*2})->values) ]}" );
ok( "@{[ sort $hash->filter( sub { $_ % 2 != 0 } )->values ]}" eq "3 5 7", "Hash::filter @{[ sort $hash->filter( sub { $_ % 2 != 0 } )->values ]}" );
ok( "" . $hash->sum == 17, "Hash::sum @{[ $hash->sum ]}" );
ok( $hash->every( sub { $_ < 10 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ < 10 } )' );
ok( !$hash->every( sub { $_ < 3 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ < 3 } )' );
ok( !$hash->every( sub { $_ == 1 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ == 1 } )' );
ok( !$hash->every( sub { $_ == 100 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ == 100 } )' );
ok( $hash->some( sub { $_ < 10 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ < 10 } )' );
ok( $hash->some( sub { $_ < 3 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ < 3 } )' );
ok( $hash->some( sub { $_ == 2 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ == 2 } )' );
ok( !$hash->some( sub { $_ == 100 } ), 'Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ == 100 } )' );
ok( "" . $hash eq "(a=>2,b=>3,c=>5,d=>7)", qq(Hash::Operator "" --> $hash) );
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1..35
for Array:
my $ary = Array->new( 1 .. 3 );
ok 1 - Array::reduce(1)
ok 2 - Array::reduce(2)
ok 3 - Array::foreach
ok 4 - Array::map (2,4,6)
ok 5 - Array::filter (2)
ok 6 - Array::sum 6
ok 7 - Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ < 10 } )
ok 8 - Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ < 3 } )
ok 9 - Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ == 1 } )
ok 10 - Array::every $ary->every( sub { $_ == 100 } )
ok 11 - Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ < 10 } )
ok 12 - Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ < 3 } )
ok 13 - Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ == 1 } )
ok 14 - Array::every $ary->some( sub { $_ == 100 } )
ok 15 - Array::Operator "" --> (1,2,3)
ok 16 - Array::push --> (1,2,3,10)
ok 17 - Array::push --> (1,2,3,10,10,11,12)
ok 18 - Array::pop --> (1,2,3,10,10,11)
ok 19 - Array::unshift --> (10,1,2,3,10,10,11)
ok 20 - Array::unshift --> (10,11,12,10,1,2,3,10,10,11)
ok 21 - Array::shift --> (11,12,10,1,2,3,10,10,11)
ok 22 - Array::keys 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ok 23 - Array::values 11 12 10 1 2 3 10 10 11
for Hash:
ok 24 - Hash::map 10 14 4 6
ok 25 - Hash::filter 3 5 7
ok 26 - Hash::sum 17
ok 27 - Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ < 10 } )
ok 28 - Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ < 3 } )
ok 29 - Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ == 1 } )
ok 30 - Hash::every $hash->every( sub { $_ == 100 } )
ok 31 - Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ < 10 } )
ok 32 - Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ < 3 } )
ok 33 - Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ == 2 } )
ok 34 - Hash::every $hash->some( sub { $_ == 100 } )
ok 35 - Hash::Operator "" --> (a=>2,b=>3,c=>5,d=>7)
</syntaxhighlight>
: Array ãš Hash ã¯ãiterator ã¡ãœããã ãå®è£
ããŠãeach,mapãsumã¡ãœããã¯ãå
±éç¥å
ã® Eachable ã§å®è£
ããŠããŸãã
: Eachable ã¯ãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæããªãã¯ã©ã¹ã§ãã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹åããããšã¯ãªãç¹°è¿ããè¡ãã¡ãœããã ããæäŸããŠããŸãã
: sumã¯ãã«ãã³ã®å ç®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãå®è£
ããŠããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ãEachableã®äžã«éããŠããŸãã
: <code>Test::More</code>ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ããååž°ãã¹ããçšæããŸããã
ãã®ããã«ãã¡ãœããã»ãããåæããã¯ã©ã¹éã®é¢ä¿ããMix-inãšãããŸãã
==== SUPER ====
{{Anchor|SUPERæ¬äŒŒã¯ã©ã¹}}( ''SUPER pseudo-class'' )ã¯ãåžžã«åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ãæããŠããŸããåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã掟çã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§åŒã³åºãå Žåã«äœ¿çšããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package MyClass {
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);
return $self;
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
[TODO:å€äºç¶æ¿ã®å Žåã®SUPERã®æ¯èã]
==== base ãã©ã°ã ====
; base ãã©ã°ãã¯2022幎11æçŸåšãéæšå¥šãšãã parent ãã©ã°ãã®äœ¿çšãæšå¥šãããŠããŸããå°ãªããšã base ã¯å€éç¶æ¿ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸããã
base ãã©ã°ãã䜿ããšãåºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©ã«å¿
èŠãªuseã@ISAã®ä»£å
¥ããåºåºã¯ã©ã¹å
ã®å€æ°ãé¢æ°ã®ã€ã³ããŒããŸã§ããã¹ãŠèªåã§è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package BaseClass;
package MyClass;
use base qw(BaseClass);
</syntaxhighlight>
==== parent ãã©ã°ã ====
ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãbaseãããã©ãŒã¯ããŠãæºãŸã£ãŠãããŽããåãé€ãããã®ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package BaseClass;
package MyClass;
use base qw(BaseClass1 BaseClass2);
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã®æ§ã«äœ¿çšããŸãããããã¯å®è³ªçã«
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
package BaseClass;
package MyClass;
BEGIN {
require BaseClass1;
require BaseClass2;
push @ISA, qw(BaseClass1 BaseClass2)
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšåãã§ãïŒèªåèªèº«ãç¶æ¿ããããšããŠãããã°ã®æ€åºã¯è¿œå ãããŠããŸãïŒã
ãã®ä»ã«ããClass::Structã®æ§ã«ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã®èªåçæãªã©ãè¡ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å®çŸ©ãè£å©ãããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ã¯å¹Ÿã€ããããŸãããææ©ãã¯ã©ã¹ãšã¯ã©ã¹éå±€ã®æå¹æ§ãè©äŸ¡ããã®ã«ã¯äŸ¿å©ã§ãããã¯ã©ã¹èšèšãå®äºããæç¹ã§ã@ISAãçŽæ¥æäœããçŽ æŽãªã³ãŒãã«æžãæããã»ããä¿å®æ§ã¯åäžããŸãã
=== 移æ€äŸ ===
==== å
å«ãšç¶æ¿ ====
[[JavaScript/ã¯ã©ã¹#å
å«ãšç¶æ¿]]ãã[[Ruby#å
å«ãšç¶æ¿|Rubyã«ç§»æ€ããã³ãŒã]]ããOOPerl ã«ç§»æ€ããŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/rjSXt7Z0TNX-JLpPDia8Mw?language=perl å
å«ãšç¶æ¿]:<syntaxhighlight lang=ruby line>
use v5.20.0;
use feature 'signatures';
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
package Point {
sub new($class, $x = 0, $y = 0) {
bless { x => $x, y => $y }, $class
}
use overload '""' => sub ($self, $p, $q) { "x:$self->{x}, y:$self->{y}" };
sub move($self, $dx = 0, $dy = 0) {
$self->{x} += $dx;
$self->{y} += $dy;
$self
}
}
package Shape {
sub new($class, $x = 0, $y = 0) {
bless { location => Point->new($x, $y) }, $class
}
use overload '""' => sub ($self, $p, $q) { "" . $self->{location} };
sub to_string($self) { "" . $self->{location} }
sub move($self, $x, $y) {
$self->{location}->move($x, $y)
}
sub area($self) { "!!! Unimplemented !!!" }
}
package Rectangle {
our @ISA = qw(Shape);
sub new($class, $x = 0, $y = 0, $width = 0, $height = 0) {
my $self = $class->SUPER::new($x, $y);
$self->{width} = $width;
$self->{height} = $height;
$self
}
use overload '""' => sub ($self, $p, $q) { "@{[ $self->SUPER::to_string() ]}, width:$self->{width}, height:$self->{height}" };
# sub area($self) { $self->{width} * $self->{height} }
}
my $rct = Rectangle->new(12, 32, 100, 50);
print <<EOS;
\$rct --> $rct
\$rct->isa("Rectangle") --> @{[ $rct->isa("Rectangle") ? "true" : "false" ]}
\$rct->isa("Shape") --> @{[ $rct->isa("Shape") ? "true" : "false" ]}
\$rct->isa("Point") --> @{[ $rct->isa("Point") ? "true" : "false" ]}
EOS
$rct->move(11, 21);
say "\$rct --> $rct";
say "\$rct->area --> @{[ $rct->area ]}"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$rct --> x:12, y:32, width:100, height:50
$rct->isa("Rectangle") --> true
$rct->isa("Shape") --> true
$rct->isa("Point") --> false
$rct --> x:23, y:53, width:100, height:50
$rct->area --> !!! Unimplemented !!!
</syntaxhighlight>
:ç¶æ¿ãšãããšãã¡ãœããããªãŒããŒã©ã€ãããã®ããŸãé ã«æµ®ãã³ãŸããã掟çã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããäžã§åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã <code>$self->SUPER::method(...)</code> ã®ããã«åŒã³åºãããšãã§ããŸãã
: ãªããžã§ã¯ã $rct 㯠Rectangleã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãªã®ã§ã$rct->isa("Rectangle") --> true
: Rectangleã¯ã©ã¹ã¯Shapeã¯ã©ã¹ã®æŽŸçã¯ã©ã¹ãªã®ã§ã$rct->isa("Shape") --> true
: Shapeã¯ã©ã¹ã¯Pointã¯ã©ã¹ãå
å«ããŠããŸãããç¶æ¿ã¯ããŠããªãã®ã§ $rct->isa("Point") --> false
: $rct->area --> !!! Unimplemented !!! ã¯ãé¢ç©ãè¿ãã¡ãœãã area ã Rectangle ã§å®è£
ããŠããªãã®ã§ Shape ã®å®è£
æŒããã§ãã¯ã«ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã§ææãããæ§åã
:: Perlã§ã¯æœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãæœè±¡ã¡ãœããã¯çŽæ¥ã¯ãµããŒããããŠããªãã®ã§ããŠããããã¹ããšã¯ã©ã¹äžã®ã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã§å¯Ÿå¿ããããšã«ãªããŸãã
: ã¹ãŒããŒã¯ã©ã¹ã§å®è£
ãããŠãããªãŒããŒããŒããããæŒç®åã®åŒåºæ¹æ³ãããããªãã£ãã®ã§ to_string ã¡ãœãããå®çŸ©ããŠããŸãã
:: ã·ã³ãã«ããŒãã«ãçŽæ¥æäœããã°ã§ãããã§ãããããå°ãã·ã³ãã«ãªæ¹æ³ããããããªæ°ãããŸãã
<noinclude>
== èèš» ==
<references />
{{Nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perl ãããµããããããããšããµããããšããã}}
[[Category:Perl|ãããµããããããããšããµããããšããã]]
{{stub}}
</noinclude> | 2005-06-11T14:42:33Z | 2024-03-03T11:15:08Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ã³ã©ã ",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Anchor",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91 |
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ããç©äœã®ããŒã¬ã³ãåçž®ãªã©ãæ±ãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè« > æŽå²çå°å
¥",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "19äžçŽäžé ã«Maxwellã«ãã£ãŠé»ç£æ°åŠã®æ³åãèŠéãã®ãã圢㧠å®åŒåãããã ãã®çµæã«ãããšé»ç£æ°åŠã®çŸè±¡ã¯ã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®4ã€ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãã£ãŠæžãããããšãç¥ãããã (詳ããã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã§æ±ãããããããã®åŒã®è©³çŽ°ã¯ãã®åŸã®è°è«ã«ã¯ã§ãŠããªã ã®ã§ãããããããªããŠãããã»ã©åé¡ã¯ç¡ãã)",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãç©äœã®åããè¡šãããã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒã¯ æ¢ã«18äžçŽã«ã¯ããç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœäºã®ç§åŠè
ã¯ãããããäºãã«ç°ãªã£ãé床ã§åããŠãã芳枬è
ããèŠãå Žåã ç°ãªãæ¯èã瀺ãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããã ãã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã¯ã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã§äžå€ã§ããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããã å®éãã®åŒããã ç©äœã®é床ã®åŸ®åã¯èŠ³æž¬è
ã®é床ãå®æ°ã§ãããšãããªã éåæ¹çšåŒããæ¶ãå»ãããšãç¥ãããã®ã§ã ãã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒãã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã§äžå€ã§ããããšãåããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãé»ç£æ°åŠã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã§äžå€ã«ãªããªãããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãããããããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããå€æã®æ¹ã§é»ç£æ°åŠã®æ¹çšåŒãè¯ãæ§è³ªã æã€ããšãç¥ãããŠãããcã¯å
ã®éãã§ããã å€ã¯ 2.99 â 10 8 {\\displaystyle 2.99*10^{8}} m/secã§ããã ãã®å€æãããŒã¬ã³ãå€æãšåŒã¶ã å
éãç©äœã®é床ãããã¯ããã«å€§ãããšããäž¡è
ãäžèŽããããšã«ã 泚æã ç¹ã«ãé»ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã®åŒãé»ç£æ°ã®äŒæ¬ãè¡šãããŠããããšãç¥ãããŠããã Î {\\displaystyle \\Delta } ã¯ã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã§ããã ãã®åŒã®æŒç®å",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããã©ã³ããªã¢ã³ãšåŒã°ããŠãããã ãã®æŒç®åãããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã«ã€ã㊠äžå€ã§ããããšã瀺ãããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ååã¯ãã©ã³ããŒã«ã«ã¡ãªãã§ä»ããããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœäºã®ç§åŠè
ã¯ã©ã¡ãã®å€æãããæ£ãããã§çŽç³Ÿããã å€ãã¯ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æãããæ¯æãããããã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã®æ³åã åœäºã¯æ°åã§ãããæ¢ã«å®çžŸã®ãããã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒããã ééããã²ããã§ããå¯èœæ§ãé«ãã£ãããšã«ããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ãçµè«ããèšãã°ãæ£ããã£ãã®ã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã®æ³åã Maxwellæ¹çšåŒã®å€ææ§ã§ããããã¥ãŒãã³æ¹çšåŒã¯ ããäžè¬çãª",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã«æžãæããããããšã«ãªã£ãã ããã§ãpãšfã¯ããããéåéãšåãè¡šããããããã¯4å
ãã¯ãã«ãšãã ä»ãŸã§ã®3ã€ã®èŠçŽ ãæã£ããã¯ãã«ããã4ã€ã®èŠçŽ ãæã£ããã¯ãã«ãžãš æ¡åŒµãããŠãããsã¯åºææéãšãããç©äœãéåããæ§åãåãå
¥ããäžã§ã® æéã®ãããªãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®éã¯ããããããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã«å¯ŸããŠéåžžã«ç°¡æãªå€ææ§ãæã£ãŠããã pãšfã¯ããŒã¬ã³ããã¯ãã«ãšåŒã°ãããã®å€ææ§ã¯ãåã«ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯Ÿã㊠è¡åã®ããç®ãè¡ãªãããšã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããããäžæ¹ãsã¯ããŒã¬ã³ã ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãšåŒã°ããããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã«ãã£ãŠå
šãäžå€ã«ä¿ããã ããšãç¥ãããŠããã 以éã®ç« ã§ã¯ãããã®èšç®ææ³ãªã©ãæ±ãããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ãc=1ãšããåäœç³»ãçšãããc=1ãšãããšããæéã®å€åã¯[m]ã§æž¬ãããšã ã§ãããããã¯å¥åŠã«æããããç¥ããªããããæéã®å€åããã®éã«å
ã äŒæ¬ããè·é¢ã§æž¬ãããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠãããå
ã»ã©è¿°ã¹ãéããããŒã¬ã³ãå€æãšã¯",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããå€æã§ãããããã§ãc=1ãšãããšããã®åŒã¯",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããxãštã«ã€ããŠå¯Ÿç§°çã«ãªãããã®ããšã¯äœããã®æå³ã§ç©äœã®äœçœ®ãš ç©äœã®æå»ã察å¿ãããã®ãšããŠæ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãããšã瀺ããŠããã ãã®æ§ãªå€æã¯ãcãç©äœã®é床Vãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããããŠå€§ãããšã ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã«æ»ãããšã瀺ããããå®éãäžã®åŒã®å³èŸºã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠå±éãããšãVã«ã€ããŠ2次ãŸã§ã®ç¯å²ã§",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã®è¡šåŒã¯Vã®1次ãŸã§ã§ã¯",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã«ãªãããšãåããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®è¡šåŒã V / c {\\displaystyle V/c} ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã©ãŒå±éããããšã§ç¢ºãã«ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æãåŸãããããšã 確ãããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®éèŠãªæ§è³ªããããããç¹ãæå»ãšåº§æšãå®ããããšã§ å®ããããã®æ§ãªæå»æ¹åãŸã§ãããŠå®ããããç¹ãäžçç¹ãšåŒã¶ããšãããã ãã®ãšããããäžçç¹ãšãã®äžçç¹ãšããè¿ãäžçç¹ãšã®è·é¢ã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ããããã ããããã§ã¯äžçç¹ã®ãã¡ã§ç©ºé座æšãè¡šããé㯠ãã 1æ¹åã ããçšãããããšããããã®é d s {\\displaystyle ds} ãäžçç¹éã®åºæè·é¢ãšåŒã°ãã ããšããããããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã®éèŠãªæ§è³ªãšããŠãã®éã®ããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã ãã®éãäžå€ã«ä¿ã€ãšããããšããããããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã代å
¥ããããšã§",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã確ãããããã ãã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã« t â² {\\displaystyle t'} , x â² {\\displaystyle x'} ã®è¡šåŒã代å
¥ãããš",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã ããc=1ã®åäœç³»ãçšããããã£ãŠãããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã¯åºæè·é¢ã äžå€ã«ä¿ã€ããšãåããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ§è³ªã¯åŸã«ããŒã¬ã³ãå€æã«äŒŽã£ãŠèµ·ããçŸè±¡ã説æããã®ã«çšããããã ãã ããæ°åŠçã«ã¯å¥ã®ããæŽçãããéããå§ããŠãã®éãå®çãšããŠå°ãæ¹ã ããèªç¶ã§ããããããããããã«ããŠããã®éã®äžå€æ§ã¯æŽå²çã«éèŠã§ãã ãã®ããšãçŽæ¥å°åºããããšãå€æã®æ§è³ªãèŠãäžã§äŸ¿å©ã§ããã®ã§ ããã§ã¯å°å
¥ããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ§ãªå€æã¯ã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æãšã¯ç°ãªã£ãæ§è³ªãæã€ããšãåããã äŸãã°ãã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æãçšãããšãã«ã¯ããç©äœã v 1 {\\displaystyle v_{1}} ã§åããŠãããšã ãã®ç©äœããèŠãŠ v 2 {\\displaystyle v_{2}} ã§åããŠããç©äœã®é床㯠v 1 + v 2 {\\displaystyle v_{1}+v_{2}} ã§äžããããã ãã®ãããªç°¡æãªçµæã¯ãã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã®äžã§ã¯ã©ã®èŠ³æž¬è
ããèŠããšãã«ã æéã®é²ã¿æ¹ãå€åããªãããšã«ãã£ãŠåŸããããå®éã¬ãªã¬ã€å€æã®è¡šåŒ",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãæéã¯ç°ãªã£ãé床ãæã€èŠ³æž¬è
ããèŠãŠãçããé²ã¿æ¹ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãããŒã¬ã³ãå€æãåããç³»ã§ã¯ãæéã®é²ã¿æ¹èªäœã芳枬è
ã®é床ã«ãã£ãŠ å€åãããããæ§ã
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ããç©äœã®ããŒã¬ã³ãåçž®ãªã©ãæ±ãã",
"title": "æŽå²çå°å
¥"
}
] | ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè« > æŽå²çå°å
¥ | <small> [[ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«]] > æŽå²çå°å
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----
==æŽå²çå°å
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\begin{matrix}
\textrm{div} \vec E &=& 4\pi \rho \\
\textrm{div} \vec B &=& 0 \\
\textrm{rot} \vec E &=& - \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{ct}}} \vec B \\
\textrm{rot} \vec B &=& 4\pi \vec j + \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{c t}}} \vec E
\end{matrix}
</math>
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\vec v' = \vec v + \vec V, t' = t
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\vec x' = \vec x + \vec V t , t' = t
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x' = \frac 1 {\sqrt{1 - V^2/c^2 } } ( x + \frac V c ct )
</math>
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x' = \frac 1 {\sqrt{1 - V^2 } } ( x + V t )
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t' = \frac 1 {\sqrt{1 - V^2 } } ( t + V x )
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x' = (1 + \frac 1 2 V^2/c^2) ( x + V t )
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t' = (1 + \frac 1 2 V^2/c^2) ( t + V x/c^2 )
</math>
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t ' = \gamma(t + V x) ,
x ' = \gamma (x + V t)
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ds = ds'
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</math>
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= \gamma ^2 (dt + Vdx )^{2} -\gamma^2 (dx + vdt ) ^{2}
</math>
:<math>
= \gamma ^2 \{
(1-V^2) dt^2
+ (V^2 - 1) dx^2
\}
</math>
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= dt^2 - dx ^2 = ds^2
</math>
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[[Category:ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«|ããããŠããšãã«ãã]] | 2005-06-12T06:20:33Z | 2024-03-16T03:15:30Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%BE%E8%AB%96_%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5 |
2,123 | é«çåŠæ ¡çç©/çç©I/éºäŒæ
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1953幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¯ããœã³ãšã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã¯ãªãã¯ã¯ã ã·ã£ã«ã¬ãã®å¡©åºçµæã®ç 究ããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¢ãŒãªã¹ã»ãŠã£ã«ãã³ã¹ã®Xç·åæã®ç 究ãããšã«ããŠãç 究ãè¡ã£ãããããŠã¯ããœã³ãšã¯ãªãã¯ã¯ãDNAãäºéãããæ§é ã§ããããšãçºèŠããã ããã«ãããšã2æ¬ã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããéããã¢ããã³ãšããã³ãã°ã¢ãã³ãšã·ãã·ã³ã§å¯Ÿåããæ±ç¶ã«ãªããããããããç¶ã«ããããŠããã
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å¶å圢æã®éã«è¡åããšãã«ããããšããéºäŒåã®é£é(linkage)ãšããã 1905幎ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããŒããœã³ã¯ã ã¹ã€ãŒãããŒã®äº€éå®éšããã é£éã®çŸè±¡ãçºèŠããã
çæ®çŽ°èã®æžæ°åè£ã®ãšããçžåæè²äœã®äžéšã亀æããçŸè±¡ãä¹æã(crossover)ãšããã ãã®ãšãã«éºäŒåã®é
åãå€ããããšãçµæã(Recombination)ãšããã éºäŒåã®çµæããèµ·ããå²åãçµæã䟡()ãšãããããŒã»ã³ãã§è¡šãããã
çµã¿æã䟡ã l {\displaystyle l} %ãçµã¿æãã®èµ·ãã£ãé
å¶åæ°ã m {\displaystyle m} ãå
šãŠã®é
å¶åæ°ã n {\displaystyle n} ãšçœ®ããšãçµã¿æã䟡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æ±ããã l {\displaystyle l} = {\displaystyle =} m n {\displaystyle {\frac {m}{n}}} à 100 {\displaystyle \times 100}
1926幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããŒãã¹ã»ãã³ãã»ã¢ãŒã¬ã³ã¯ã ç°ãªã3ã€ã®åœ¢è³ªã«å¯Ÿããçµã¿æã䟡ãæ±ãããã®çµã¿æã䟡ããéºäŒåè·é¢ãæ±ããäžç¹äº€é(three-point cross)ã«ããã ãã€ãã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšã®éºäŒåã®é
åãå³ç€ºãããããæè²äœå°å³(chromosome map)ãšåŒã¶ã
| [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > éºäŒ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNA(ããªãã·ãªãæ žé
žãè±: deoxyribonucleic acid)ã®æ§é ã¯ããã¯ã¬ãªãã (nucleotide) ãšåŒã°ããæ§æåäœããã¡ããã¯ã¬ãªããã¯ãªã³é
žãšç³ãšå¡©åºã®ååç©ã§ããããã¯ã¬ãªããã®ç³ã¯ããªãã·ãªããŒã¹(deoxyribose) ã§ãããDNAã§ã¯ããã¯ã¬ãªãããããã€ãçµåããŠãäºéãããæ§é ãã€ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡©åºã«ã¯4çš®é¡ãããã¢ããã³(adenine)ãããã³(thymine)ãã·ãã·ã³(cytosine)ãã°ã¢ãã³(guanine)ãšãã4çš®é¡ã®å¡©åºã§ããããã¯ã¬ãªããäžåã«ã4çš®ã®å¡©åºã®ãã¡ãã©ããäžåãããµããŸããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çæ®çŽ°èã§ã¯ãæžæ°åè£ã§æè²äœãååã«ãªãããšãããéºäŒåã®æ£äœãšã¯ãã©ãããæè²äœã«å«ãŸããŠããç©è³ªã§ãããããšããäºãã¢ãŒã¬ã³ãªã©ã®1913幎ããã®ã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšã®éºäŒã®ç 究ã«ãã£ãŠãçªãæ¢ããããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒåã«å«ãŸããç©è³ªã«ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæ žé
ž(ãããã)ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªç©è³ªããããã©ã®ç©è³ªãããéºäŒåã®æ£äœãªã®ããçªãæ¢ããå¿
èŠããã£ããæ žé
žã®çºèŠã¯ã1869幎ãããã¹ã€ã¹ã®çååŠè
ããŒã·ã£ãŒã«ãã£ãŠãè¿(ãã¿)ããåãåºãã现èã®æ žã«ããªã³é
žããµããã ç©è³ªãããããšãçºèŠããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšã¯ç°ãªãããšã調ã¹ããããããŒã·ã£-ã®çºèŠããã®ãæ žé
žã§ããããã®åœæã§ã¯ããŸã æ žé
žãéºäŒåã®æ£äœã ãšã¯æ°ã¥ãããŠããªãã£ãããªããè¿ã¯ãçœè¡çãå€ããµããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1949幎ããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®ãšã«ãŽã£ã³ã»ã·ã£ã«ã¬ãã¯ã ãããããªçç©ã®æã€DNAãæœåºããŠèª¿ã¹ãã©ã®çç©ã§ãã¢ããã³(A)ãšããã³(T)ãšã¯éãçãã1:1ã§ãããã°ã¢ãã³(G)ãšã·ãã·ã³(C)ãšã¯éãçãã1:1ã§ããããšãçºèŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšãããã·ã£ã«ã¬ãã¯ãã¢ããã³ã¯ããã³ãšçµåããæ§è³ªããããã°ã¢ãã³ã¯ã·ãã·ã³ãšçµåããæ§è³ªããããšèããã DNAã®ããã®ãããªãã¢ããã³(A)ãšããã³(T)ãšãçéã§çµåããæ§è³ªãããããšãã°ã¢ãã³ãšã·ãã·ã³ãçéã§çµåããæ§è³ªãããããšãããŸãšããŠãçžè£æ§(ããã»ãã)ãšããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1953幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¯ããœã³ãšã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã¯ãªãã¯ã¯ã ã·ã£ã«ã¬ãã®å¡©åºçµæã®ç 究ããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¢ãŒãªã¹ã»ãŠã£ã«ãã³ã¹ã®Xç·åæã®ç 究ãããšã«ããŠãç 究ãè¡ã£ãããããŠã¯ããœã³ãšã¯ãªãã¯ã¯ãDNAãäºéãããæ§é ã§ããããšãçºèŠããã ããã«ãããšã2æ¬ã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããéããã¢ããã³ãšããã³ãã°ã¢ãã³ãšã·ãã·ã³ã§å¯Ÿåããæ±ç¶ã«ãªããããããããç¶ã«ããããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºéãããäžã®ã¢ããã³Aãšããã³Tãªã©ããããã§å¯Ÿã«ãªã£ãå¡©åºã©ããã®çµåã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ çµå(ããã ãã€ãã)ãšãããæ°ŽçŽ ã仲ç«ã¡ãšãã匱ãçµåãããŠãããå¡©åºäžã®æ°ŽçŽ ååããåãããã£ãå¡©åºã®çªçŽ ååãé
žçŽ ååãªã©ãšã匱ãçµåããã®ããDNAã®å Žåã§ã®æ°ŽçŽ çµåã§ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãæ°ŽçŽ çµåãèŠãããã®ã¯çç©ã ãã«éãããäžè¬ã®ååŠç©è³ªãªã©ã§ãå€ãèŠããããããšãã°æ°Žååã®å®å®æ§ã§ããæ°ŽçŽ çµåãé¢ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã®å Žåã®æ°ŽçŽ çµåã§ã¯ãã¢ããã³ã¯ããã³ã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿã§ã¯ãå¡©åºäžã®2ç®æã§æ°ŽçŽ çµåããããã·ãã·ã³ãšã°ã¢ãã³ã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿã§ã¯ãå¡©åºäžã®3ç®æã§æ°ŽçŽ çµåãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºéãããã®å¹
ã¯2.0nmã§ãããã1å転(1ããã)ã®é·ãã¯3.4nmãããã1å転äžã«10察ã®ãã¯ã¬ãªãã察ãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã®åãã«ã¯ãäž»ã«ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®èšèšå³ãšãªãããšãšãéºäŒæ
å ±ãåå«ã«äŒããããšãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã®éºäŒåã®åãããã決ããèŠå ã¯ãå¡©åºã®äžŠã³æ¹ã§æ±ºå®ãããããã®å¡©åºã®äžŠã³æ¹ã§ã现èã§åæãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãç°ãªããããDNAã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®èšèšå³ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ãããDNAã®å¡©åºã®äžŠã³æ¹ãç°ãªããšãéºäŒæ
å ±ãç°ãªããç
æ°ãªã©ã®äŸå€ãã®ããã°ãããçäœã§åæãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãããšãã°ç®èã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®ã³ã©ãŒã²ã³ãã骚ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããçèã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®ããªã·ã³ãªã©ãã©ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãããã®çäœã®DNAã®æ
å ±ãããšã«åæãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã¯ã现èæ žã®äžã§ãRNA(ã¢ãŒã«ãšããšãŒ)ãšããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªåæçšã®å¡©åºé
åã®ç©è³ªãã€ãããRNAã®æ
å ±ã¯ãDNAã®æ
å ±ãå
ã«ããŠãããRNAã¯ãæ žã®å€ã«åºãŠãããªããœãŒã ãšçµåããæ¶ååšå®ã§é£åã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããå解ã»åžåããã¢ããé
žãææã«ããŠã RNAã®å¡©åºé
åã«åŸã£ãŠã¢ããé
žãã€ãªããããããšã§ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäœã£ãŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ§é ã¯ãã¢ããé
žãããã€ãçµåããæ§é ã§ããããããã£ãŠãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæ§æããã¢ããé
žã®é åºãªã©ã®é
åããã¢ããé
žã®æ°ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ§è³ªãç°ãªãããªããã¢ããé
žã©ããã®ååŠçµåãããããçµåãšããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã¯ãå粟åµã®æããã现èåè£ã®éã¯ãå¿
ãè€è£œãããŠããã DNAã¯é
å¶å圢æã®éååã«ãªããé
å¶åãå粟ãããšåããã£ãŠå
ã«æ»ãã ããããŠDNAã¯éºäŒæ
å ±ãåå«ã«äŒããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é
å¶å圢æã®éã®DNAéã®å€åã¯ãå现èã®ãšãã2ãšçœ®ããšãäžæ¬¡æ¯çŽ°èã®ãšãã¯4ã§ãããäºæ¬¡æ¯çŽ°èã®ãšãã¯2ãšãªããåµçŽ°èã»ç²ŸçŽ°èã®ãšãã¯1ã«ãªããå粟åµã®ãšãã«2ã«ãã©ãã äœçŽ°èåè£ã®éã®DNAéã®å€åã¯ãæ¯çŽ°èã®ãšãã2ãšçœ®ããšãåæ~çµæã®ãšãã4ã§ãããåšçŽ°èã®æã«2ã«ãã©ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAãèšèšå³ãšãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäœãä»çµã¿ã¯å
šãŠã®çç©ã§å
±éããŠããã ããããå¡©åºé
åãå°ããã€å€å(ATCGãå
¥ãæ¿ãã£ãããå¢ããã)ããŠã çç©ã®å€æ§æ§ãçãŸããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã²ãã (genome)ãšã¯ããçç©ã®éºäŒåã®å
šäœã®ããšã§ããã 2003幎ã«ããã²ãã ã®è§£èªãå®äºããã ããã«ãããããã®éºäŒåã®å
šäœãæãããšãªã£ãã çŸåšã§ã¯ãã²ãã ç 究ã¯ãé£åãå»çãªã©ã«å¿çšãããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1869幎ãã¹ã€ã¹ã®ããªãŒããªããã»ããŒã·ã§ã«ã¯ã 现èæ žå
ã®ç©è³ªãçºèŠããã¯ã¬ã€ã³(nuclein)ãšåŒãã ã åœæã¯ãéºäŒåã®æ¬äœã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ãããšèããããŠãããã ä»æ¥ã§ã¯ããã¯ã¬ã€ã³ã¯DNAãšåŒã°ããéºäŒåã®æ¬äœã§ããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1928幎ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãã¬ããªãã¯ã»ã°ãªãã£ã¹ã¯ã èºçã¬ã³ãµçèãšããºããçšããŠå®éšãè¡ã£ãã èºçã¬ã³ãµçèã«ã¯ã被èãæã£ãŠããŠç
åæ§ã®ããS(smooth)åèãšã被èãç¡ãç
åæ§ã®ãªãR(rough)åèã®2çš®é¡ãããã 被èã®æç¡ãšç
åæ§ã®æç¡ã®ãã©ã¡ããéºäŒåœ¢è³ªã§ããã éåžžã®èã®åè£å¢æ®ã§ã¯ãSåãšRåãšã®éããšããéºäŒåœ¢è³ªã¯å€ãããªãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ãªãã£ã¹ã®å®éšçµæã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯Råèã®åœ¢è³ªããå ç±æ®ºèããSåèã«å«ãŸããç©è³ªã«ãã£ãŠãSåèã®åœ¢è³ªãžå€åããããã§ããã ããã圢質転æ(transformation: nuclein)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1943幎ãããã«ããã®ãªãºã¯ã«ãã»ã¢ããªãŒã¯ãã°ãªãã£ã¹ã®å®éšã§ã®åœ¢è³ªè»¢æãèµ·ãããç©è³ªãäœããç¹å®ãããããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªå解é
µçŽ ãšDNAå解é
µçŽ ãçšããŠãSåèã»Råèã®å®éšãè¡ã£ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éšçµæ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãã£ãŠãRåèã®åœ¢è³ªè»¢æãèµ·ãããã®ã¯DNAã§ããããšãããã£ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èã«èŠå¶ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ããšããã¯ããªãªãã¡ãŒãžãŸãã¯åã«ãã¡ãŒãžãšããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1952幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ããã»ããŒã·ãŒãšããŒãµã»ãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ã T2ãã¡ãŒãžãšãããã¡ãŒãžã®äžçš®ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãçšããŠå®éšãè¡ã£ãã T2ãã¡ãŒãžã¯çŽ°èã«å¯çããŠå¢æ®ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ãããã¯ããªãªãã¡ãŒãžã®äžçš®ã§ããã ã»ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšDNAããã§ããŠãããT2ãã¡ãŒãžã®é éšã®äžã«DNAãå«ãŸããããã以å€ã®å€æ®»(ãããã)ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ãã§ããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "圌ãã¯ãæŸå°æ§åäœäœã®S(ç¡«é»ã®æŸå°æ§åäœäœ)ããã³P(ãªã³ã®æŸå°æ§åäœäœ)ãç®å°ãšããŠçšããç¡«é»ããµããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ã¯Sã§ç®å°ãã€ããPã§DNAã«ç®å°ãã€ãããDNA㯠P(ãªã³)ããµãããS(ç¡«é»)ããµããŸãªãã圌ãã®å®éã®å®éšã§ã¯ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ç®å°ãã€ããå®éšãšãDNAã«ç®å°ãã€ããå®éšãšã¯ãããããå¥ã«è¡ã£ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éšã§ã¯ããããã®æŸå°æ§åäœäœããã€T2ãã¡ãŒãžã倧è
žèã«ææãããããã«ãããµãŒã§æ¹æããé å¿åé¢åšã§å€§è
žèã®æ²æ®¿ãšãäžæŸã¿ã«åããã 倧è
žèããã¯ãPãå€ãæ€åºãããããŸãSã¯æ€åºãããªãã£ãããã®ããšããT2ãã¡ãŒãžã®DNAã倧è
žèã«é²å
¥ãããšçµè«ä»ããããŸããäžæŸã¿ããã¯T2ãã¡ãŒãžã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã確èªããããã€ãŸãäžæŸã¿ã¯T2ãã¡ãŒãžã®å€æ®»ããµããã§ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ããã®å€§è
žèããã¯ã20~30ååŸãåãã¡ãŒãžãåºãŠãããåãã¡ãŒãžã«ã¯Sã¯æ€åºãããªãã£ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãã£ãŠãDNAãéºäŒç©è³ªã§ããããšã蚌æãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®äœçŽ°èã«ã¯46åã®æè²äœããããã€ãŸãããã«ã¯23察ã®æè²äœãããã(2n=46)",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãã¡22察ã¯ãç·å¥³ã«å
±éããŠååšããæè²äœã§ããããããåžžæè²äœ(ãããããããããããAutosome)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœãæ®ãã®2æ¬ã®æè²äœã«ãã£ãŠãããã®æ§å¥ã決å®ãããã®ã§ããããæ§æè²äœãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®å Žåãç·å¥³ã«å
±éããŠååšããæè²äœã®ããšãXæè²äœãšããããã£ãœããããã§ã¯ç·æ§ã«ã®ã¿ååšããæè²äœã®ããšãYæè²äœãšããã",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã以å€ã®åç©ãå«ãããšãæ§ã®æ±ºå®ã«ã¯ãXYåãXOåãZWåãZOåã®4ã€ãããã XYåã¯ãéãå圢ã®XXãéãç°åœ¢ã®XYã®æ§æè²äœããã¡ã ã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšãããããªã©ã®åºä¹³é¡ãè¡ãã XOåã¯ãéãå圢ã®XXãéãXã®1ã€ã ãã®æ§æè²äœããã¡ã ãã³ããããã¿ãªã©ãè¡ãã ZWåã¯ãéãç°åœ¢ã®ZWãéãå圢ã®ZZã®æè²äœããã¡ã ãã¯ããªããããã«ã€ã³ã¬ãªã©ãè¡ãã ZOåã¯ãéãZã®1ã€ã ããéãå圢ã®ZZã®æè²äœããã¡ã ã¹ã°ãªãšãã·ã£ã¯ãªã©ãè¡ãã",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒåãšæè²äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒ(heredity)ãšã¯ãçç©ã®åœ¢ãæ§è³ªããéºäŒåã«ãã£ãŠã芪ããåãžäŒããããšã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããçç©ã®åœ¢ãæ§è³ªã®ããšã圢質(ãããã€ãtrait)ãšåŒã¶ã 圢質ã«ã¯èŠªããåãžéºäŒããéºäŒåœ¢è³ª(genetic trait)ãšã ç°å¢ã®åœ±é¿ã«ãã£ãŠç²åŸããéºäŒããªãç²åŸåœ¢è³ª(Acquired trait)ãããã ãã®ããŒãžã§ã¯ã圢質ãšã¯éºäŒåœ¢è³ªãæãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çæ®ã®éã«ã芪ããçæ®çŽ°èãçµãŠãåã«äŒããããŠããéºäŒã®å åãéºäŒå(ãã§ãã)ãšãããããã«ã¡ã§ã¯éºäŒåã®æ£äœã¯ã现èã«ãµããŸããDNA(ãã£ãŒãšããšãŒ)ãšããç©è³ªã§ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯ãç°ãªã圢質ããã€ãšã³ããŠã®åçš®ãçšæãã2幎éã«ãããè²ãŠã åäžåäœã®é
å¶åéã§è¡ãããèªå®¶å粟(autogamy)㧠å
šãåãã§å€åããªãåå«ãçããçŽç³»(pure line)ã®åçš®ãéžãã ã ãã®éãæ確ã«æ±ºå®çã«çºçŸãããäºãã«ç°ãªã察ç«åœ¢è³ªã7ã€æ¡çšãã 1856幎ãã62幎ã«ãããŠäº€é
å®éšãè¡ã£ãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš1 1.çš®åã®åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠã äžžãšããã®çŽç³»ãçšæããŠäž¡èŠªP(Parents)ãšãããšããã ãã®åé皮第äžä»£F1(Filius)ã¯ãå
šãŠäžžã§ãã£ãã ãã®ããã«F1ã§ã¯ã察ç«åœ¢è³ªã®çæ¹ã®ã¿ãè¡šããã çŸãã圢質ãåªæ§åœ¢è³ª(dominant trait)ãšåŒã³ãçŸããªã圢質ãå£æ§åœ¢è³ª(recessive trait)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã§ã®åªæ§ã»å£æ§ã¯ãåã«åœ¢è³ªãçŸããããã»çŸãã«ãããæå³ãã圢質ãåªç§ã§ããã»å£çã§ãããæå³ããªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš2 F1ãèªå®¶å粟ãããšããã é皮第äºä»£F2ã§ã¯äžžãšããã5474åãš1850åã§ãããã3:1ã®åºçŸæ¯ã§ãã£ãã ãã®ããã«F2ã§ã¯ã åªæ§åœ¢è³ªãšå£æ§åœ¢è³ªãããã3:1ã®æ¯ã§åºçŸããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš3 F2ãèªå®¶å粟ãããšããã F2ã§ããã ã£ããã®ã¯ãF3ã§å
šãŠããã®çŽç³»ãšãªãã F2ã§äžžã ã£ããã®ã¯ã565æ ªã®F3ã®å
ã 193æ ªã¯äžžã®çŽç³»ãšãªãã 372æ ªã¯äžžãšããã3:1ã®æ¯ã§çããã ãã®ããã«F3ã§ã¯ãF2ã§å£æ§åœ¢è³ªã瀺ããã®ã¯ãå£æ§åœ¢è³ªã®çŽç³»ãšãªãã F2ã§åªæ§åœ¢è³ªã瀺ããã®ã¯ããã®ãã¡ã3åã®2ã¯åªæ§åœ¢è³ªãšå£æ§åœ¢è³ªã3:1ã®æ¯ã§çããåå«ãäœãã 3åã®1ã¯åªæ§åœ¢è³ªã®çŽç³»ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš4 1.çš®åã®åœ¢ãš2.èä¹³ã®è²ã«ã€ããŠã çš®åã®åœ¢ãäžžã§èä¹³ã®è²ãé»ã®çŽç³»ãšçš®åã®åœ¢ãããã§èä¹³ã®è²ãç·ã®çŽç³»ãçšæããŠäž¡èŠªPãšãããšããã ãã®åF1ã¯ãã¹ãŠäžžã§é»ã§ãã£ãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš5 F1ãèªå®¶å粟ãããšããã F2ã§ã¯äžžã»é»ãäžžã»ç·ãããã»é»ãããã»ç·ã315åã108åã101åã32åã§ã ããã9:3:3:1ã®åºçŸæ¯ã§ãã£ãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäœã®éºäŒåã®æ§æãèšå·ã§è¡šãããã®ãéºäŒåå(genotype)ãšåŒã¶ã éºäŒååã¯ãµã€ãåªæ§åœ¢è³ªãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®å€§æåã§è¡šãã å£æ§åœ¢è³ªãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã®å°æåã§è¡šãã ãã圢質ã決å®ããéºäŒåã¯ã ãã¢ã®æè²äœã®åãäœçœ®ã«1ã€ãã€ã ããããŠ2ã€ããããã ã¢ã«ãã¡ããã2æåã§è¡šãã(äŸ:AA,Aa,aa)",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããAAãaaã®ããã«åãéºäŒåããã¢ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã®ããã¢æ¥åäœ(homozygous, ååæ¥åäœ)ãšåŒã³ã Aaã®ããã«ç°ãªãéºäŒåããã¢ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã®ããããæ¥åäœ(heterozygous, ç°åæ¥åäœ)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒååã«ãã£ãŠçŸãã圢質ãè¡šçŸå(phenotype)ãšåŒã¶ã éºäŒååã®èšå·ã[]ã§å²ãã§è¡šãããšãããã(äŸ:[A],[a])",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒååã®å€å¥ã®ããã«ããã®åäœãšå£æ§åœ¢è³ªã®åäœãšã亀éããããšãæ€å®äº€é(test cross)ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããF1ãšPãšã亀éããããšãæ»ã亀é(backcross)ãšåŒã¶ã äžã®è¡šã¯ãæ€å®äº€éã§éºäŒååãå€å¥ããæ¹æ³ã瀺ããŠããã é
å¶å?2ãš?4ã®éºäŒåæ§æã¯ãF1ã®è¡šçŸåãšãã®åé¢æ¯ããäºæ³ã§ããã ã€ãŸãã?2ã¯Aã®ã¿ã?4ã¯Aãšaã§ããã 䞡芪?1ãš?3ã®éºäŒååã¯ãé
å¶å?2ãš?4ã®éºäŒåæ§æããäºæ³ã§ããã ã€ãŸãã?1ã¯AAã?4ã¯Aaã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš1ã§ã¯ã çš®åã®åœ¢ãäžžãA,ãããaãšè¡šããšãããšã éºäŒååã¯ãäžžã®çŽç³»ã¯AAãããã®çŽç³»ã¯aaãšè¡šããã ãã®äž¡èŠªPã®é
å¶åã¯ããããAãaãšãªãã ãã®åF1ã®éºäŒååã¯Aaãšãªããè¡šçŸåã¯[A]ãšãªãã ãã®ããã«ãåªæ§åœ¢è³ªã®çŽç³»ãšå£æ§åœ¢è³ªã®çŽç³»ãšã亀éãããšã ãã®åã¯åªæ§åœ¢è³ªã®ã¿ãè¡šãã ãããåªæ§ã®æ³å(law of dominance)ãšåŒã¶ã ãªããä»æ¥ã§ã¯ããšã³ããŠã®çš®åã®åœ¢ã決ããéºäŒåã¯ã å®éã«ã¯é
µçŽ ãäœãéºäŒåã§ããããã®é
µçŽ ããã³ãã³ãäœã£ãŠçš®åã®åœ¢ãäžžã«ããŠããããšãããã£ãŠããããã³ãã³ã®éã¯ãAaã¯AAãšaaã®äžéã§ããããçš®åã®åœ¢ãäžžã«ããã«ã¯ååãªéã§ãããããAaã®çš®åã®åœ¢ã¯äžžãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš2ã§ã¯ã F1ã®éºäŒååã¯Aaãšè¡šããã é
å¶åãäœããããšãåé¢ãã ããããã®é
å¶åã¯A,aãšãªãã ãã®ããã«é
å¶å圢æã®éãã¢ã®éºäŒåãåé¢ãã ããããé
å¶åã«åãç¶ãããããšãåé¢ã®æ³å(law of segregation)ãšåŒã¶ã F1ã®èªå®¶å粟ã§ã¯ã ãã®é
å¶åãããããå粟ããããã F2ã§ã¯AA:Aa:aa=1:2:1ãšãªãã çµæ[A]:[a]=3:1ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš3ã§ã¯ã F2ã§[a]ã ã£ããã®ã¯ãaaã§ããããã ãã®é
å¶åã¯aã§ãããèªå®¶å粟ã§aaã€ãŸã[a]ãšãªãã F2ã§[A]ã ã£ããã®ã¯ãAA:Aa=1:2ã§ããããã 3åã®1ã®AAã®é
å¶åã¯Aã§ãããèªå®¶å粟ã§AAã€ãŸã[A]ãšãªãã 3åã®2ã®Aaã®é
å¶åã¯A,aãšãªããèªå®¶å粟ã§AA:Aa:aa=1:2:1ã€ãŸã[A]:[a]=3:1ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš4ã§ã¯ã çš®åã®åœ¢ãäžžãA,ãããaãèä¹³ã®è²ãé»ãB,ç·ãbãšè¡šããšãããšã éºäŒååã¯ãäžžã§é»ã®çŽç³»ã¯AABBãããã§ç·ã®çŽç³»ã¯aabbãšè¡šããã ãã®äž¡èŠªPã®é
å¶åã¯ããããAB,abãšãªãã ãã®åF1ã®éºäŒååã¯AaBbãšãªããè¡šçŸåã¯[AB]ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš5ã§ã¯ã F1ã®éºäŒååã¯AaBbãšãããããã é
å¶åãäœããããšãåé¢ãã ããããã®é
å¶åã¯ãAB,Ab,aB,abãšãªãã F1ã®èªå®¶å粟ã§ã¯ã ãã®é
å¶åãããããå粟ããããã F2ã§AABB:AABb:AaBB:AaBb:AAbb:Aabb:aaBB:aaBb:aabb=1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1ãšãªãã çµæ[AB]:[Ab]:[aB]:[ab]=9:3:3:1ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éš4ã»5ã§ã¯ã çš®åã®åœ¢ã ããããã¯èä¹³ã®è²ã ãã«æ³šç®ãããšã ããããåªæ§ã®æ³åãšåé¢ã®æ³åã«åŸãç¬ç«ããŠéºäŒããŠããã ã€ãŸããçš®åã®åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯[A]:[a]=3:1ã§ãããèä¹³ã®è²ã«é¢ããŠã¯[B]:[b]=3:1ã§ããã ãã®ããã«ã2ã€ã®éºäŒåãç°ãªãæè²äœã«ååšãããšãã ãã®éºäŒåãäºãã«åœ±é¿ããªãããšãç¬ç«ã®æ³å(law of independence)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åªæ§ãšå£æ§ã®é¢ä¿ãäžå®å
šãªéºäŒã®ä»æ¹ãäžå®å
šåªæ§(incomplete dominance)ãšåŒã¶ã äžå®å
šåªæ§ã§ã¯åªæ§ã®æ³åã¯åœãŠã¯ãŸããªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžå®å
šåªæ§ã¯ããã«ãã¢ãµã¬ãªãªã©ãè¡ãã ãã«ãã¢ãµã¬ãªã«ã¯ãè±ã®è²ãèµ€Rãšçœrã®ãã®ãããã è±ã®è²ãèµ€ã®çŽç³»RRãšçœã®çŽç³»rrã䞡芪Pãšãããšã ãã®åF1ã¯Rrã§è±ã®è²ãäžéã®æ¡è²ãšãªãã ããã«ãã®åF2ã¯ãRR:Rr:rr=1:2:1ã§ãèµ€è²:æ¡è²:çœè²=1:2:1ãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æäœã«ãªããŸã§ã«èŽæ»äœçšãããéºäŒåãèŽæ»éºäŒå(lethal gene)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èŽæ»éºäŒåã¯ãå€ãã®çç©ã«ååšããã äŸãã°ãããã«ããºãã¯èŽæ»éºäŒåãæã£ãŠããã æ¯ã®è²ãé»è²Yãšç°è²yã®ãã®ãããã é»è²Yyã䞡芪Pãšãããšã ãã®åF1ã¯Yy:yy=2:1ã§ã[Y]:[y]=2:1ãšãªãã YYã®åäœã¯çºçã®æ®µéã§æ»ãã§ããŸãã ããã¯Yãå£æ§ã®èŽæ»éºäŒåã ããã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäžã®éºäŒå座ã«ãããåäžåœ¢è³ªã決ãããè€æ°ã®éºäŒåãè€å¯Ÿç«éºäŒå(multiallelic gene)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è€å¯Ÿç«éºäŒåã«ã¯ãããã®ABOåŒè¡æ¶²åãªã©ãããã ããã®ABOåŒè¡æ¶²åã«ã¯ãAåãBåãABåãOåã®4çš®é¡ãããã AãšBãšã¯äžå®å
šåªæ§ã§ãA,Bã¯Oã«å¯ŸããŠå®å
šåªæ§ã§ããã äŸãã°äžã®è¡šã®ããã«ãAO(Aå)ãšBO(Bå)ã䞡芪ãšãããšã ãã®åã¯AB,AO,BO,OOãšãªããããããABå,Aå,Bå,Oåãšãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "察ç«ããªã2ã€ä»¥äžã®éºäŒåãããã®åããäºãã«è£è¶³ããã£ãŠ1ã€ã®åœ¢è³ªã決ãããšãããã®éºäŒåãè£è¶³éºäŒå()ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è£è¶³éºäŒåã«ã¯ãã¹ã€ãŒãããŒã®è±ã®è²ãªã©ãããã è²çŽ åãäœãéºäŒåãCãè²çŽ åããè²çŽ ãäœãéºäŒåãPãšãã çœè²è±CCppãšçœè²è±ccPPã䞡芪Pãšãããšã ãã®åF1ã¯CcPpã§æè²è±ãšãªãã ããã«ãã®åF2ã¯ãC-P-:C-pp:ccP-:ccpp=9:3:3:1ã§ãæè²è±:çœè²è±:çœè²è±:çœè²è±=9:3:3:1ã€ãŸãæè²è±:çœè²è±=9:7ãšãªãã ããã¯CãšPã®äž¡æ¹ããã£ãŠããªããšè²çŽ ãäœãããªãããã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®éºäŒåã®åããæå¶ããéºäŒåãæå¶éºäŒå(suppressor gene)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æå¶éºäŒåã«ã¯ãã«ã€ã³ã¬ã®ãŸãã®è²ãªã©ãããã é»è²éºäŒåãYãYã®åããæå¶ããéºäŒåãIãšãã çœãŸãIIyyãšé»ãŸãiiYYã䞡芪Pãšãããšã ãã®åF1ã¯IiYyã§çœãŸããšãªãã ããã«ãã®åF2ã¯ãI-Y-:I-yy:iiY-:iiyy=9:3:3:1ã§ãçœãŸã:çœãŸã:é»ãŸã:çœãŸã=9:3:3:1ã€ãŸãçœãŸã:é»ãŸã=13:3ãšãªãã ããã¯IãYã®åããæå¶ããããã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ§æè²äœã®äžã«ããããæ§ã®æ±ºå®ä»¥å€ã®åãããã£ãéºäŒåã®éºäŒçŸè±¡ã®ããšã䌎æ§éºäŒ(sex-linked inheritance)ãšããã 䌎æ§éºäŒã¯åœ¢è³ªã®çºçŸãæ§å¥ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãã ããã®èµ€ç·è²èŠç°åžžãè¡åç
ãªã©ã«èŠãããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®èµ€ç·è²èŠç°åžžã®éºäŒåã¯ãXæè²äœäžã«ããå£æ§éºäŒåã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšå·çã«æžãã°ãåªæ§éºäŒåãšå£æ§éºäŒåãããããA,aãšè¡šããšã XãXã®ããã«è¡šãããã®å ŽåãXãè²èŠç°åžžã®éºäŒåã§ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ã䌎æ§éºäŒã¯æ§å¥ã«ãã£ãŠéºäŒã®ä»æ¹ãç°ãªãã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªã¡ã³ãã«éºäŒçãªçç±ããã£ãŠç·æ§ã®ã»ããçµ±èšçã«ã¯éºäŒæ§ã®è²èŠç°åžžã¯å€ãããããã女æ§ã§ãéºäŒæ§ã®è²èŠç°åžžè
ã¯ããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãæè²äœã«ããéºäŒåããé
å¶å圢æã®éã«è¡åããšãã«ããããšããéºäŒåã®é£é(linkage)ãšããã 1905幎ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ããŒããœã³ã¯ã ã¹ã€ãŒãããŒã®äº€éå®éšããã é£éã®çŸè±¡ãçºèŠããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çæ®çŽ°èã®æžæ°åè£ã®ãšããçžåæè²äœã®äžéšã亀æããçŸè±¡ãä¹æã(crossover)ãšããã ãã®ãšãã«éºäŒåã®é
åãå€ããããšãçµæã(Recombination)ãšããã éºäŒåã®çµæããèµ·ããå²åãçµæã䟡()ãšãããããŒã»ã³ãã§è¡šãããã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµã¿æã䟡ã l {\\displaystyle l} %ãçµã¿æãã®èµ·ãã£ãé
å¶åæ°ã m {\\displaystyle m} ãå
šãŠã®é
å¶åæ°ã n {\\displaystyle n} ãšçœ®ããšãçµã¿æã䟡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æ±ããã l {\\displaystyle l} = {\\displaystyle =} m n {\\displaystyle {\\frac {m}{n}}} à 100 {\\displaystyle \\times 100}",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1926幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããŒãã¹ã»ãã³ãã»ã¢ãŒã¬ã³ã¯ã ç°ãªã3ã€ã®åœ¢è³ªã«å¯Ÿããçµã¿æã䟡ãæ±ãããã®çµã¿æã䟡ããéºäŒåè·é¢ãæ±ããäžç¹äº€é(three-point cross)ã«ããã ãã€ãã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšã®éºäŒåã®é
åãå³ç€ºãããããæè²äœå°å³(chromosome map)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éºäŒã®æ³å"
}
] | é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > éºäŒ | <small> [[é«çåŠæ ¡çç©]] > çç©I > éºäŒ </small>
=== DNAã®æ§é ===
[[File:DNAã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããæ§é .svg|thumb|300px|DNAã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããæ§é ]]
[[File:DNAã®äžŠã³æ¹.png|thumb|DNAã®äžŠã³æ¹ã®èª¬æå³ãã¢ããã³(A)ã¯ããã³(T)ãšçµã³ã€ããã°ã¢ãã³(G)ã¯ã·ãã·ã³(C)ãšçµã³ã€ãã]]
[[ç»å:DNA animation.gif|thumb|right|DNAã®ç«äœæ§é ]]
'''DNA'''ïŒããªãã·ãªãæ žé
žãè±: deoxyribonucleic acidïŒã®æ§é ã¯ã'''ãã¯ã¬ãªãã''' (nucleotide) ãšåŒã°ããæ§æåäœããã¡ããã¯ã¬ãªããã¯'''ãªã³é
ž'''ãš'''ç³'''ãš'''å¡©åº'''ã®ååç©ã§ããããã¯ã¬ãªããã®ç³ã¯'''ããªãã·ãªããŒã¹'''(deoxyribose) ã§ãããDNAã§ã¯ããã¯ã¬ãªãããããã€ãçµåããŠãäºéãããæ§é ãã€ãã£ãŠããã
å¡©åºã«ã¯4çš®é¡ããã'''ã¢ããã³'''(adenine)ã'''ããã³'''(thymine)ã'''ã·ãã·ã³'''(cytosine)ã'''ã°ã¢ãã³'''(guanine)ãšãã4çš®é¡ã®å¡©åºã§ããããã¯ã¬ãªããäžåã«ãïŒçš®ã®å¡©åºã®ãã¡ãã©ããäžåãããµããŸããã
çæ®çŽ°èã§ã¯ãæžæ°åè£ã§æè²äœãååã«ãªãããšãããéºäŒåã®æ£äœãšã¯ãã©ãããæè²äœã«å«ãŸããŠããç©è³ªã§ãããããšããäºãã¢ãŒã¬ã³ãªã©ã®1913幎ããã®ã·ã§ãŠãžã§ãŠããšã®éºäŒã®ç 究ã«ãã£ãŠãçªãæ¢ããããŠããã
éºäŒåã«å«ãŸããç©è³ªã«ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæ žé
žïŒããããïŒãªã©ãããŸããŸãªç©è³ªããããã©ã®ç©è³ªãããéºäŒåã®æ£äœãªã®ããçªãæ¢ããå¿
èŠããã£ããæ žé
žã®çºèŠã¯ã1869幎ãããã¹ã€ã¹ã®çååŠè
ããŒã·ã£ãŒã«ãã£ãŠãè¿ïŒãã¿ïŒããåãåºãã现èã®æ žã«ããªã³é
žããµããã ç©è³ªãããããšãçºèŠããããã®ç©è³ªã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãšã¯ç°ãªãããšã調ã¹ããããããŒã·ã£ïŒã®çºèŠããã®ãæ žé
žã§ããããã®åœæã§ã¯ããŸã æ žé
žãéºäŒåã®æ£äœã ãšã¯æ°ã¥ãããŠããªãã£ãããªããè¿ã¯ãçœè¡çãå€ããµããã
1949幎ããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®[[w:ãšã«ãŽã£ã³ã»ã·ã£ã«ã¬ã|ãšã«ãŽã£ã³ã»ã·ã£ã«ã¬ã]]ã¯ã
ãããããªçç©ã®æã€DNAãæœåºããŠèª¿ã¹ãã©ã®çç©ã§ãã¢ããã³ïŒAïŒãšããã³ïŒTïŒãšã¯éãçãã1ïŒ1ã§ãããã°ã¢ãã³ïŒGïŒãšã·ãã·ã³ïŒCïŒãšã¯éãçãã1ïŒ1ã§ããããšãçºèŠããã
:AïŒT ïŒ 1ïŒ1ããããGïŒC ïŒ 1ïŒ1
ãã®ããšãããã·ã£ã«ã¬ãã¯ãã¢ããã³ã¯ããã³ãšçµåããæ§è³ªããããã°ã¢ãã³ã¯ã·ãã·ã³ãšçµåããæ§è³ªããããšèããã
DNAã®ããã®ãããªãã¢ããã³ïŒAïŒãšããã³ïŒTïŒãšãçéã§çµåããæ§è³ªãããããšãã°ã¢ãã³ãšã·ãã·ã³ãçéã§çµåããæ§è³ªãããããšãããŸãšããŠãçžè£æ§ïŒããã»ããïŒãšããã
1953幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®[[w:ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¯ããœã³|ãžã§ãŒã ãºã»ã¯ããœã³]]ãšã€ã®ãªã¹ã®[[w:ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã¯ãªãã¯|ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã»ã¯ãªãã¯]]ã¯ã
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ããã«ãããšã2æ¬ã®ãã¯ã¬ãªããéããã¢ããã³ãšããã³ãã°ã¢ãã³ãšã·ãã·ã³ã§å¯Ÿåããæ±ç¶ã«ãªããããããããç¶ã«ããããŠããã
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{{-}}
[[File:DNA chemical structure.svg|thumb|400px|DNAã«ãããæ°ŽçŽ çµåã®äŸã]]
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äºéãããäžã®ã¢ããã³Aãšããã³Tãªã©ããããã§å¯Ÿã«ãªã£ãå¡©åºã©ããã®çµåã¯ã'''æ°ŽçŽ çµå'''ïŒããã ãã€ããïŒãšãããæ°ŽçŽ ã仲ç«ã¡ãšãã匱ãçµåãããŠãããå¡©åºäžã®æ°ŽçŽ ååããåãããã£ãå¡©åºã®çªçŽ ååãé
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DNAã®å Žåã®æ°ŽçŽ çµåã§ã¯ãã¢ããã³ã¯ããã³ã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿã§ã¯ãå¡©åºäžã®ïŒç®æã§æ°ŽçŽ çµåããããã·ãã·ã³ãšã°ã¢ãã³ã®å¡©åºå¯Ÿã§ã¯ãå¡©åºäžã®ïŒç®æã§æ°ŽçŽ çµåãããã
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=== DNAã®åã ===
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== è泚 ==
<references/>
== åèæç® ==
* ç°äžéèã»ããé«çåŠæ ¡çç©Iã第äžåŠç¿ç€Ÿã2004幎2æ10æ¥çºè¡ãpp.110-154
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141016171612/http://www.nhk.or.jp/kokokoza/library/2013/tv/seibutsu/ ãNHKé«æ ¡è¬åº§ çç©ã第16-21å]
* [http://www.weblio.jp/cat/academic/sbtgy çç©åŠçšèªèŸå
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[[Category:é«çåŠæ ¡æè²|ç1ããŠã]]
[[Category:çç©åŠ|é«1ããŠã]] | null | 2022-08-22T08:19:31Z | [
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"title": "ã©ãã«"
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"title": "絶察ãã¹ãšçžå¯Ÿãã¹ãšçµ¶å¯ŸURL"
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šäœã«ããããã£ãŠããŸãã åã³åãäœçœ®ã«æ»ã£ãŠæ¥ãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªããªãã®ã§ããã (ç²åã®ååãè¡ãªã埮现ãªéåãæŽå²çãªäºæ
ãããã©ãŠã³éåãšåŒã¶ã)",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšã¯ãç±ååŠã®ç¬¬2æ³åã®èª¬æãšèŠãããšãåºæ¥ãã ã€ãŸããããç©äœç³»ãããä»ã®ç©äœç³»ãšçžäºäœçšãããšãã ããããåãããå
šç³»ã§ã¯ãããããåãããç¶æ
ãæãå€ããªãããã« éåãè¡ãªãããã§ãããå
ã»ã©ã®ã³ãŒããŒãšãã«ã¯ã®äŸã§ã¯ã ãã«ã¯ã®ååã«ããŠã¿ãã°ã ã³ãŒããŒã®ååãšãã«ã¯ã®ååã®çžäºäœçšã¯ããããã®è·é¢ãäºãã«ååååŸ çšåºŠã«ãªããŸã§ã¯ç¡èŠã§ããã»ã©åŒ±ãã®ã§ã(ãã®ããšã¯ãã³ãŒããŒãšãã«ã¯ã®ååã äºãã«é»æ°çã«äžæ£ã§ããããšã«ããã(å€åã§ããååŠç§ã®äººããããã³ã¡ã³ãã ãé¡ãããŸãã) )ãããã®éåã¯äºãã«ç¡èŠããããšãã§ããçµå± ãã«ã¯ã®éåã¯ç空(?)ã«ä¿ãããç®±ã®äžã« çæ³æ°äœãæŸããããšããšåãæ
åµã§ãããš èããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãšã çæ³æ°äœã¯éããã«ç®±å
šäœã«åºãããããã®ããšã¯çæ³æ°äœå
šäœã åãããç¶æ
ã®æ°ãå¢ãããŠãããã€ãŸããçæ³æ°äœå
ã® ããã®ç²åã«åã£ãŠèªåãå ãããå ŽæãæŸãããåãš æ¯ã¹ãŠå¢ããŠããããã§ãããããã¯èªåãåãããç¶æ
ã å¢ãããã®ãšè§£éã§ããã ã€ãŸããéåã¯çµå±ç©äœãåãããç¶æ
æ°ãå¢ããæ¹åã«é²ãã®ã§ããã ããã¯ãšã³ããããŒã®å®çŸ©ãšäžèŽããŠããã ã€ãŸãããšã³ããã㌠⌠{\\displaystyle \\sim } ç¶æ
æ° ã®ããã«èããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããããã®ç¶æ
æ°ã®æ°ã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®ãã®ã«ãªãããã ãã®ããšã¯ããã1molã®çæ³æ°äœãåãã ãããšãããã®äžã«ã¯ 10 23 {\\displaystyle 10^{23}} åãã®ç²åãå«ãŸããŠããããšããæçœã§ããã ãããã®ç¶æ
æ°ã簡䟿ã«æ±ãããã«ããšã³ããããŒSã¯ç¶æ
æ°wãçšããŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ããããšãäžè¬çã§ããã ããã§ã k B {\\displaystyle k_{B}} ã¯ãã«ããã³å®æ°ãšããã次å
㯠[J/K]ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšãã次å
ãæŽåçã«ãªã£ãŠããããšã«æ³šæã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç©äœç³»ãåã£ããšãããããã®å
ã§ãšãã«ã®ãŒã çãããã®ã¯å
šãŠçãã確çã§å®çŸããããšããä»®å®ã çéçã®ä»®å®ãšåŒã¶ããããã¯ã€ãŸãããããã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå ãåã£ããšãããããã®å
šãŠã®ç¶æ
ãçãã確ç㧠å®çŸããããšããããšãèŠæ±ããŠããã ãããã¯éåžžã«æ°å€ãã®ç©äœç³»ãäºãã«é »ç¹ã«ãäºãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã 亀æããŠãããšããããŸãå®çŸãããããšèããããã ãã ãããã1ã€ã®ç©äœãé€ããŠå
šãŠã®ç©äœãéæ¢ããŠãããšãã極端㪠æ
åµããããåŸãããšãäºæž¬ããŠããŸãããã«æããã å®éãã®ãšãããªã®ã ããããã¯çéçã®ä»®å®ããããŠããã¯ãéåžžã« èµ·ããã¥ãããªã£ãŠããã äŸãã°ããã100åã®ç©äœããããã100åã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãç°ãªã ç¶æ
ãå ãåŸããšããããããã®ç©äœãåãåŸãç¶æ
ã®ãã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ äºãã«åãã§ãããã®ãšãããšãã«ã®ãŒããšã®ééãåãã§ãããã®ãšããã ãã®ãšãããšãã«ã®ãŒã100åäœãããã®éã§åãããšãã ãã1ã€ãå
šãŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãåãåãå Žåã®æ°ã¯ 100åã®ç©äœã«ã€ããŠããããèµ·ããåŸãã®ã§100éãã§ãããã 100åã®ç©äœã1åãã€åãããå Žåã®æ°ã¯ã æåã®1åäœãåãåãä»æ¹ã100éãã次ã99éãã次ã98éããšããããã« æ°ããŠè¡ããšã100!ã ãããããšãåããã ã€ãŸããçéçã®ä»®å®ããããš1ã€ã®ç²åãå
šãŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã 1ã€ã®ç²åãæã£ãŠè¡ããããªæ¥µç«¯ãªå Žåãæé€ãããã®ã§ åççãªä»®å®ãšåŒã¶ããšãåºæ¥ãã ãŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒã ãã«ãã£ãŠç©äœç³»ã®åãåŸãç¶æ
ã決ãŸããšãã éåžžã«ããããããæåãåŸãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç±ååŠçãªé¢ä¿ããã 枩床ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠå®ããããã ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåãçšããŠèšç®ãè¡ãªãå Žåã ããç©äœç³»ãåã£ãŠãã®ç©äœç³»ã®ç¶æ
ãããããšãã«ã®ãŒEã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåãåãã ãããšãã ãã®ç¶æ
æ°ãæ°ããããšã§ç©äœã®ãšã³ããããŒãåŸãããã ã€ãŸããããEã«å¯Ÿãããšã³ããããŒTã決ãŸãã®ã§ããããçšã㊠枩床ãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãããç©çç³»ã®ç¶æ
ãå®ãããšãã® ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å€ãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èšç®ã§ã¯ãã°ãã°ã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å
¬åŒãçšããããã ãã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã ãã®åŒã¯ã¬ã³ãé¢æ°ã«è€çŽ é¢æ°ã®ææ¥éäžæ³ãé©çšããããšã§ åŸãããšãã§ããããæ°å€çã«ã¯ç°¡åã«ç¢ºèªããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "確èªããããã®ã³ãŒãã®äŸã¯ãã®ããã«ãªãã ãã®äŸã¯pythonãçšããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ä»ã®èšèªã§æžããäŸããããšãããããããã) çµæãšããŠã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«nã倧ãããªãã«ã€ããŠãäºãã®å€ãè¿ã¥ããŠè¡ãæ§å㫠泚ç®ããŠæ¬²ãããç¹ã«nã 10 23 {\\displaystyle 10^{23}} çšåºŠãªã ãã®è¿äŒŒã¯ããããŠè¯ããšèããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«ãããç²åã2ã€ã®ç¶æ
ããæããªãäŸãèããã ããã¯å€å
žçã«ã¯ç²åã®ç¶æ
ã¯x,pã®ããããã«ã€ããŠé£ç¶çã« ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§èµ·ããåŸãªãç¶æ
ã ãã éåç³»ã§ã¯ãç²åã®ç¶æ
ã¯é¢æ£çã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ãããã㪠æ
åµã§å®çŸãããã äŸãã°ãæ°ŽçŽ ååã®ãŸããã«æçžãããç²å㯠1ã€ã®éåæ°ã§ä»£è¡šããããšãã«ã®ãŒæºäœãæã£ãŠãããã 枩床ãååäœããšãã«ã¯ããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæºäœã®ãã¡ã§äžçª äœãæºäœãš2çªç®ã«äœãæºäœã ãã«é»åãå
¥ãå¯èœæ§ãããã ä»ã®æºäœã¯ç¡èŠã§ããããšãããã(ããã㯠ãšãã«ã®ãŒãé«ãããŠå°åºå€çããã®ç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã§ã¯ å±èµ·ãããããšãåºæ¥ãªãã)",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã«ã¯ã»ãšãã©2æºäœã ããéèŠãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã ãã®ãšãã ãšãã«ã®ãŒãäœãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã0,ãšãã«ã®ãŒãé«ãæ¹ã® ç¶æ
ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã ÎŒ {\\displaystyle \\mu } ãšããã Nåã®ç²åããã®ãããªç¶æ
ã®ã©ã¡ããã ããåãã ããããäºãã«ããããç¬ç«ã§ãããããããç±å¹³è¡¡ã«ãããçšåºŠã«ã¯ çžäºäœçšããããšããæ
åµããã£ããªãã ãããã®ç³»ã®ãšã³ããããŒã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠã(Måã®ç²åã ããé«ããšãã«ã®ãŒç¶æ
ã«ããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ã)",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã ããããã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³ã°ã®å
¬åŒãçšããŠå€åœ¢ãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã®åŒããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããEã«ã€ããŠè§£ããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ããã«ãã£ãŠããã枩床Tãäžãããããšãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ±ããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã§ã¯TãããããŠå€§ãããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®åŒã¯ã枩床ãé«ããšãã«ã¯ å
šãŠã®ç²åããšãã«ã®ãŒãé«ãç¶æ
ã«ãããäžããããŠããããã« èŠãããšããç©ççæå³ãæã£ãŠããã (?) (",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ééããåŸã«ã«ããã«ã«éåãçšããŠèšç®ãããš å
šãŠã®ç¶æ
ã®ãã¡ã§ååã ããå©ãäžããããããã«èŠããããšãåããã Tã倧ãããªãè¿äŒŒã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããè¿äŒŒãªã®ã§ããã®çµæã¯åœç¶ã§ããã )",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããTã0ã«è¿ããšãã«ã¯ã(Tã¯[K]ã§æž¬ã£ãŠããã®ã§ 0ããå°ããã¯ãªããªãããšã«æ³šæã)",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããã¯å
šãŠã®ç¶æ
ããšãã«ã®ãŒã®äœãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
(ããã§ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒ0ãšããŠããã)ã«ååšããŠããããšã 瀺ããŠããã ãã®ããšã¯ãäœæž©ã§ã¯å€éšããæµã蟌ããšãã«ã®ãŒã æºäœéã®é·ç§»ãå¯èœã«ããã»ã©å€§ãããªããšãã解éãåºæ¥ãã (",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": ")",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¥ã®æªå®ä¹æ°æ³"
}
] | çµ±èšååŠI > ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå | <small> [[çµ±èšååŠI]] > ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éå</small>
----
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#stirling fomula
number _of _ns =5
from math import log
class stirling:
def _ _init _ _(self):
pass
#will give n ln n - n.
def n _ln _n _minus _n(self,n):
return n *log(n) - n
#will give ln n!.
def ln _factorial(self,n):
factorial=1
for i in range (1,n+1):
factorial*= i
return log(factorial)
#Then try to print out the result.
def output(self):
for i in range(number _of _ns):
n = 10**i
print "%s for n" % n
print "%s for nln-n" % self.n _ln _n _minus _n(n)
print "%s for ln n!" % self.ln _factorial(n)
#If not used by ''unittest'' module or PyUnit, please
#try to use that.
if _ _name _ _ == " _ _main _ _":
stirling = stirling()
stirling.output()
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10 for n
13.0258509299 for nln-n
15.1044125731 for ln n!
100 for n
360.517018599 for nln-n
363.739375556 for ln n!
1000 for n
5907.75527898 for nln-n
5912.12817849 for ln n!
10000 for n
82103.4037198 for nln-n
82108.9278368 for ln n!
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E = \mu M
</math>
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S = k _B \ln \frac {N!} {M! (N-M)!}
</math>
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\begin{align}
S &=k _B \{ N \ln N - N
- (M \ln M - M )
- ((N-M) \ln (N-M) - (N-M) ) \\
&\sim k _B \{ N \ln N - N
- (M \ln M - M )
- ((N-M) \ln (N-M) - (N-M) ) \\
&\sim k _B \{ N \ln N
- (M \ln M - M )
- ((N-M) \ln (N-M) - (-M) ) \\
&\sim k _B \{ N \ln N
- (M \ln M - M )
- ((N-M) (\ln N + M /N ) - (-M) ) \\
&\sim k _B \{
- (M \ln M - M )
- (-M \ln N + (N-M) ( + M /N ) - (-M) ) \\
&\sim k _B \{
- (M \ln M - M )
+M \ln N \}
\end{align}
</math>
ãåŸãããã
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:<math>
\begin{matrix}
S &= k _B M (\ln N - \ln M +1 )\\
&= k _B \frac E \mu (\ln N - \ln \frac E \mu +1 )\\
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãåŸããããããã®åŒããã
:<math>
\begin{align}
\frac 1 T &= \frac{\partial{{ S }}}{\partial{{ E}}} \\
&= k _B (\frac 1 \mu ) \{ \ln \frac {N \mu } {E} + 1)
+ \frac E \mu (- \frac 1 E ) \}\\
&= k _B (\frac 1 \mu ) \{ \ln \frac {N \mu } {E} ) \}\\
\end{align}
</math>
ãåŸãããããããEã«ã€ããŠè§£ããšã
:<math>
\begin{align}
\frac \mu {k _B T} &= \ln \frac {N \mu } {E} \\
e^{\frac \mu {k _B T}} &= \frac {N \mu } {E}
\end{align}
</math>
ãã£ãŠã
:<math>
E = N \mu e^{-\frac \mu {k _B T}}
</math>
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</math>
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµ±èšååŠI > ã«ããã«ã«éå",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®ç« ã§ã 2æºäœç³»ã«ã€ããŠèšç®ãè¡ãªãã ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšããŠã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãã ããã§ãã®åŒã¯ããã1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒãäœãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
ãæ〠ãšãã«ã®ãŒã E 0 {\\displaystyle E_{0}} ããšãã«ã®ãŒãé«ãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
ãæ〠ãšãã«ã®ãŒã E 1 {\\displaystyle E_{1}} ãšãããšã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè§£éã§ããã ãã®åŒããã 1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åŒãšè§£éãããªãã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšèªãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã¯ã€ãŸãããã1ã€ã®ç²åãåã£ããšã ãã®ç²åã¯èªåãåãåŸãããããã®ç¶æ
ãåãã®ã ãã ãã®ç¶æ
ã®èµ·ããåŸã確çã¯ãã®ç¶æ
ãæã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒã Eã§ãã£ããªãã枩床Tã§ã¯ã e â E / K B T {\\displaystyle e^{-E/K_{B}T}} ã«æ¯äŸãããšããããšã è¿°ã¹ãŠããã ãã®ããšã¯ããã¡ãããã 1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±å¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
ãšããããšã èµ·ããåŸãªããããšããšç±å¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
ãšããããšã¯å€ãã®ç©äœã éãŸã£ããšããããã®çžäºäœçšãéããŠéæããããã®ã§ãã£ãã®ã§ ããã¯äžå¯èœã§ããããããã åã
ã®ç²åãæã€åã
ã®ç¶æ
ãäœãéåžžã«å€ãã®ç¶æ
ãæ〠åå¥ã®ç©äœç³»ãšä»ã®ç²åãšé¢ä¿ããããšç¡ãçžäºäœçšã ããŠããã®ãªãããã®ç¶æ
ã¯äžåºŠäžã§å€ãã®ç²åãšã® çžäºäœçšãéããŠç±å¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
ã«å°ã£ããšãã«å®çŸããã 確çãšåã確çã§ãã®ç¶æ
ã«ããããã«èŠããããšãæåŸ
ãããã ãã£ãŠãäžã®ç±å¹³è¡¡ã®çµæãéããŠåŸãåŒããã 1ã€ã®ç²åã®ç¶æ
ã«ã€ããŠã® èµ·ããåŸã確çã«ã€ããŠã®åŒãšããŠæ±ããšãã解éã¯ã æ£ããããšãæåŸ
ãããã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§è¿°ã¹ããæåã«èããŠããç²åç³»ã®ãã€ç¶æ
ã®å
šäœãšããããã®ç¶æ
ã ç±å¹³è¡¡ã«è¿œãããããã®éåžžã«å€ãã®ç¶æ
矀ãåããããã®ã ã«ããã«ã«éåãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããã«ããã«ã«éåã®äžã§ãæåãããã£ã ç²åç³»ã®æã€ç¶æ
ã®å
šäœã«å«ãŸããªãç¶æ
矀ãç±æµŽãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ããã«ã«éåã®èšç®æ³ãçšãããšãäžã®2æºäœç³»ã® ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã«æ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ã€ãŸãç©äœç³»ã®å
šãŠã®ç¶æ
ãèããŠã ããããã®ç¶æ
ã«ãã®ç¶æ
ãæã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒãEã§ãã£ããªãã e â E / k B T {\\displaystyle e^{-E/k_{B}T}} ã ãã®éã¿ãã€ããŠç¶æ
ãããåãããã°ããã ãã®ããšãæš¡åŒçã«ã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãããã ãã®ãšãtrã¯ãå
šãŠã®ç¶æ
ã«ã€ã㊠ãã£ãå
ã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã®æåŸ
å€ãåã£ãŠè¶³ãåãããããšãæå³ããŠããã åæ¯ã¯èŠæ Œåã®ããã«ã€ããã äŸãã°ãååã®ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã1ã§ãããšãã巊蟺ã¯1ã®æåŸ
å€ãªã®ã§ 1ãšãªããªããã°ãªããªãããã£ãŠåæ¯ã®å€ãèŠæ ŒåãšããŠå®ãŸãã ç¹ã«åæ¯ã®å€ã¯åé
é¢æ°ãšåŒã°ãéåžžZã§æžãããã ãã®éã¯ç©äœç³»ã®ç±ååŠçæ§è³ªã®æ
å ±ã®å
šãŠãä¿æããŠããã éèŠãªç©çéã§ãããåŸã®ç« ã§è©³ããæ±ãããã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äŸã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãåæ¯ãé€ãã°ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®å Žåã®èšç®çµæãšäžèŽããã ãã ããèšç®ã®éäžã§",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããããŸããèšç®ã®äžã§ã¯ 枩床ã§Zã®åŸ®åãè¡ãªããªã©ãããã¯ãã«ã«ãªããšããã£ãŠããã åŸã«ãããã®èšç®æ³ãäœç³»çã«æ±ãã (ãã€ã«ãªããã¯åãããªãã...ã)",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ããšã«ããã«ã«éåã®èšç®ãš ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®èšç®ãäžèŽãããããšã (ãããã欲ãã...ã))",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®èšç®ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠã«ããã«ã«éåã® èšç®ã¯ããç°¡åã§ããã®ã§ éåžžã¯ãã¡ããçšããããã",
"title": "ã«ããã«ã«éå"
}
] | çµ±èšååŠI > ã«ããã«ã«éå | <small> [[çµ±èšååŠI]] > ã«ããã«ã«éå</small>
----
==ã«ããã«ã«éå==
ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®ç« ã§ã
2æºäœç³»ã«ã€ããŠèšç®ãè¡ãªãã
ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšããŠã
:<math>
E = N \mu e^{-\frac \mu {k _B T}}
</math>
ãåŸãã
ããã§ãã®åŒã¯ããã1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒãäœãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
ãæã€
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã<math>E _0</math>ããšãã«ã®ãŒãé«ãæ¹ã®ç¶æ
ãæã€
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã<math>E _1</math>ãšãããšã
:<math>
E = N \{(E _0 - E _0)e^{-\frac {E _0-E _0} {k _B T}}
+(E _1 - E _0)e^{-\frac {E _1-E _0} {k _B T}} \}
</math>
ãšè§£éã§ããã
ãã®åŒããã 1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®åŒãšè§£éãããªãã
:<math>
E/ N= \{(E _0 - E _0)e^{-\frac {E _0-E _0} {k _B T}}
+(E _1 - E _0)e^{-\frac {E _1-E _0} {k _B T}} \}
</math>
ãšèªãããšãåºæ¥ãã
ããã¯ã€ãŸãããã1ã€ã®ç²åãåã£ããšã
ãã®ç²åã¯èªåãåãåŸãããããã®ç¶æ
ãåãã®ã ãã
ãã®ç¶æ
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ãæã€ãšãã«ã®ãŒã
Eã§ãã£ããªãã枩床Tã§ã¯ã<math>e^{-E/K _B T}</math>ã«æ¯äŸãããšããããšã
è¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ãã®ããšã¯ããã¡ãããã 1ã€ã®ç²åã«ã€ããŠã¯ç±å¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
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ãããåãããã°ããã
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\langle E\rangle = \frac 1 {\textrm{tr}\{ e^{-\hat H /k _B T} \} }
\textrm{tr}\{ \hat H e^{-\hat H /k _B T} \}
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Z = \textrm{tr}\{ e^{-\hat H /k _B T} \}
</math>
äžã®äŸã§ã¯ã
:<math>
\begin{matrix}
\langle E\rangle &= \frac 1 Z \sum _1 \sum _2 \cdots \sum _N
(E _1 +E _2 + \cdots +E _N)
e^{ -(E _1 +E _2 + \cdots +E _N) /k _B T}\\
&= \frac 1 Z (-1)\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{\beta}} \{ \sum _1 \sum _2 \cdots \sum _N
e^{ -\beta (E _1 +E _2 + \cdots +E _N) } \} \\
&= \frac 1 Z (-1)\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{\beta}} \{ \sum _1 e^{ -\beta E _1 } \}^N \\
&= \frac 1 Z (-1)\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{\beta}} \{ 1 + e^{- \beta \mu } \}^N \\
&= \frac 1 Z (-1)N \{ 1 + e^{- \beta \mu } \}^{(N-1)} (- \mu) e^{-\beta \mu }\\
&= \mu N ( 1 + e^{- \beta \mu } )^{(-1)} e^{-\beta \mu }
\end{matrix}
</math>
ãšãªãåæ¯ãé€ãã°ãã¯ãã«ããã«ã«éåã®å Žåã®èšç®çµæãšäžèŽããã
ãã ããèšç®ã®éäžã§
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k _B T = \frac 1 \beta
</math>
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"text": "ã¢ã³ããŒå®£èšã¯æ°æ§å€§éžéã®çžäºäžå¹²æžãããããšãšãã«ãã³=ã¢ã¡ãªã«äž»çŸ©ãåããããã®ã§ãã£ããã¯ãªãªãŒãªã§ã®ã·ã¢ã³ã»ããªãã«ãªã©ã®æå°ã§ç¬ç«ãéæãããŠãã£ãã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"text": "ãŠã£ãŒã³äŒè°ãéãããæ£çµ±äž»çŸ©ã®ããšãŠã£ãŒã³äœå¶ãæ·ãããããã€ãã§ã¯ãã«ã·ã§ã³ã·ã£ãã(å
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"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã®ãªã¹ã¯å綿ãçŸæ¯ãç©é¡ãèé¡ãè¶ãã³ãŒããŒãªã©ã茞å
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"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã¹ãã³åžåœã§ã¯ã¿ã³ãžããŒãããªããããã ãã³ããã»ã¢ãªãŒããšãžãã倪å®ã«ãªã£ãããã®åŸã¹ãšãºéæ²³ãééããã¢ã©ãŒããŒã»ãã·ã£ãæ¯é
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"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ãåœæ°äŒè°ãéããããšæ¥é²æŽŸã®ãã£ã©ã¯ãå°é ãããã¹ã¯ããŒã·ãŒãã¹ã¯ã©ãŒãžãæ°ææè²ãæ²ããããããªã¹ãã³åžåœã§ã¯ããããã»ãã·ã£ãæ²æ³ãäœã£ããé²åæŠäºã«ãã£ãŠãã®å¹åãåæ¢ãããããããããé幎ãã«ã³äººéåã«ãã£ãŠåŸ©æŽ»ãããã€ã©ã³ã§ã¯äžè²·éåãèµ·ãããç«æ²äœå¶ãæç«ããããè±é²ã«ãã£ãŠåŽ©å£ããããããå«æ(ããã¶ã)ã¯äžæ°äž»çŸ©(ããã¿ããã
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"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æã®ææ³å®¶ã§ããã¢ãã¬ãŒããŒã西欧åã«å察ã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãäžãããã€ã³ãã®è©©äººããŽãŒã«ã¯ã€ã³ããšãšãŒãããã®èåãè©Šã¿ããäžåœã§ã¯ãäžäœè¥¿çšè«ã«ããšã¥ã西æŽåŒã®è»åãæ±ããæŽåéå(ããã ããã©ã)ããããªããåæ²»ã®äžèããããããããè»é¥ã®ããšã«ããªã£ããç«æ²åäž»å¶ãæ±ããå€æ³éåããããªãããã西倪åãäžå¿ãšããä¿å®æŽŸã®ã¯ãŒãã¿ãŒã«éããæ¹é©ã¯é æ«ãããæåŠçãããæ°æåéåãçœè©±éåãå±éããããæé®®ã§ã¯ãã³ã°ã«ãèæ¡ããæé®®å®åŠãçãŸããããŸããããªã¹ãæã®è¥¿åŠ(ãããã)ã«å¯Ÿããæ±åŠ(ãšããã)ãå®æããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã¯æ¥ç±³å芪æ¡çŽ(ã«ã¡ã¹ã ãããããããã)ã§éåœããäžå¹³çæ¡çŽã®æ¥ç±³ä¿®å¥œéåæ¡çŽ(ã«ã¡ã¹ã ãã
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"title": "è¿ä»£ã»çŸä»£"
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"text": "é£è¡æ©ãèªåè»ãªã©ã®äº€éæ段ã®å€é©ãããã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
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"text": "ã©ãžãªããã¬ããªã©ãæ®åããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "䟵ç¥ããåœã
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"text": "æ ç»ãèå°æŒåãçãã«ãªã£ããé³æ¥œã¯ãžã£ãºãããã¯ãèªçããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
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"text": "ãŽã£ã¯ããªã¢å¥³çäžã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯æè²æ³ãæç«ãåœæ°æè²ããããªãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
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ãçããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹æ ã®æ代ãç¯ãäžããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯äžçææ
(ãããããããã)ãèµ·ãã£ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã£ãŒã«(æ°èŠãŸãçŽã)ãæ¡çšããã(æ€æ°å°ã)ãæãŠãåœãã§ããè±ä»ã¯ãããã¯çµæžããããªãããæãããåœãã®æ¥ç¬äŒãç· ãåºããããããè±ä»ã§ããããã¡ã·ãºã éåã¯èµ·ãã£ãŠããããã€ãã§ã¯å
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"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã«ãã¯ã€ã³ããã·ã¢ãç¬ç«ããããããŒã»ãã»ãã³ã¯ãããã æ°äž»å
±ååœãæç«ããããæ€æ°å°ç¶æãç®æããã©ã³ã¹ã¯ã€ã³ãã·ãæŠäºãä»æããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã¢ãžã¢ã¯ãã³ãã¥ãŒæåŸã®ã€ã³ãé£éŠãšã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æåŸã®ããã¹ã¿ã³ã«åè£ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè¡åœã¯ãã«ãŒãã³ã»ãã¯ããªã³ãããŒã·ã£ã«ã»ãã©ã³ãçºè¡šãããšãŒãããçµæžåŸ©èäŒè°ãéããã ãœé£ã¯ããã«å¯ŸããŠã³ã¡ã³ã³ãéããããŸããå倧西æŽæ¡çŽæ©æ§ã«å¯ŸããŠãã¯ã«ã·ã£ã¯æ¡çŽæ©æ§ãçµæãããããã«ã³ãã³ãã©ã«ã ãäœã£ãŠäžçé©åœãç»çããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ãã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ç±³å·æ©æ§ã«å çããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¬ã¹ãã£ãã§ã¯åœé£æ±ºè°ã«åºãããŠãã€æåŸã«ããã€ã¹ã©ãšã«å
±ååœãæç«ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé®®ã¯æé®®æ°äž»äž»çŸ©äººæ°å
±ååœãšå€§éæ°åœã«åè£ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåœå€§éžã§ã¯å¯Ÿæ¥ææŠã«åœæ°å
ã»å
񇜆
ãåå©ããåŸãåœå
±å
æŠãåçãã蟲æå°åž¯ãæ¯é
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±ååœãæç«ãããããã«100幎ã«ãããäžåœé©åœãçµäºããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã¯ã西ã®ãã€ãé£éŠå
±ååœãšæ±ã®ãã€ãæ°äž»å
±ååœã«åè£ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé®®æŠäºãèµ·ããã38床ç·ãå¢ã«äŒæŠç¶æ
ã§ããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã¯æ¥ç±³å®å
šä¿éæ¡çŽãšãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³å¹³åæ¡çŽãåæã«æ¿èªããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè¡åœã®å·»ãè¿ãæ¿çã«å¯ŸããŠã³ãã³ãã§å¹³åäºååãçµã°ãããç¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãã³ãã³ã§å¹³ååååãšãªã£ãŠãã³ãã³ç²Ÿç¥ãšåŒã°ããŠããããã£ãŒãã«ããžã¥ããŒãå·šé äŒè«ãéãããããã«ã·ãã§ããã¹ã¿ãŒãªã³æ¹å€ã®æŒèª¬ããããªã£ãããç·©åã®åããèŠãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
±åå¶ã«ãªã£ããšãžããã®ãã»ã«éŠçžã¯éæ²³ãåœæåãããšãè±ä»ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ãšå¯Ÿç«ãããã¹ãšãºåä¹±ãŸãã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡äžæ±æŠäºãšåŒã°ãããã¬ãŒãã¯æåã®é»äººå
±ååœãšãªã£ãããšã³ã¯ã«ã倧統é ã¯ã¢ããªã«ç¬ç«ã®ç¶ãšåŒã°ããŠããã1960幎ã¯17ãã®ã¢ããªã«è«žåœãç¬ç«ããã®ã§ã¢ããªã«ã®å¹Žãšããããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¹ããã¯ç€ŸäŒäž»çŸ©ãç®æããã¥ãŒãé©åœãæå°ãããœé£ãããµã€ã«ã®æ¯æŽãããŠããããšãåãããšãã¥ãŒãå±æ©ã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ããªã«çµ±äžæ©æ§ãçµæããããã¢ã©ãã§ã¯ãã¬ã¹ãã£ã解æŸæ©æ§ãçµæãããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ãããã æŠäºã«ä»å
¥ããåçããããªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã§ã³ã¹ãããã¢ã®æ°äž»åãæ±ãããã©ãã®æ¥ãèµ·ãã£ããWTOè»ã«ãã£ãŠé®å§ããããã§ã³äºä»¶ãšãªã£ãã西ãã€ãã®ãã©ã³ãã¯æ±æ¹å€äº€ãå±éããç·åŒµç·©åã«åªããã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠæ±è¥¿ãã€ãåºæ¬æ¡çŽãçµã°ãããæ±ããã¹ã¿ã³ã¯ãã³ã°ã©ãã·ã¥ãšãªã£ããã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ãã¡ãã·ã³ããã©ãžã«ãã®ãªã·ã£ããã«ãã¬ã«ããŠãŒãŽã¹ã©ãã¢ãã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ãå°æ¹ŸãéåœãéŠæž¯ãªã©ãNIESãšãããã¢ã©ãç³æ²¹èŒžåºåœæ©æ§ãçµæããã第å次äžæ±æŠäºã®éã«ãç³æ²¹å±æ©ãåŒãèµ·ãããããããã æŠäºã«æããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ç§åŠæè¡ã«å¯Ÿããçåãããããæ¶è²»è
åé¡ãç°å¢åé¡ã人皮åé¡ã女æ§ã®æš©å©ã®åé¡ãªã©ãåŽåºãããã·ãŒã¢æŽŸã®ãã¡ã€ããæå°ããã€ã©ã³ã»ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã é©åœãèµ·ã芪米çæ¿ãåããããæ¥ç±³éã§ã¯è²¿ææ©æŠãæ·±å»åãããéåœã§ã¯æ°äž»åãæ±ããå
å·äºä»¶ãããããããŒã©ã³ãã§ã¯é£åž¯ãçµæãããããŽã«ããã§ããã°ã©ã¹ãã¹ããšãã¬ã¹ããã€ã«ããããªããšããœé£ã®å®æ
ã倧è¡ã®æ¹å€ã«ãããããããã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåœã§ã¯æ°äž»åãæ±ãã倩å®éäºä»¶ãèµ·ãã£ãããã«ã¿äŒè«ã§å·æŠã®çµçµã確èªããããæ±è¥¿ãã€ãã¯çµ±äžããããœé£ã¯åŽ©å£ãç¬ç«åœå®¶å
±åäœã«ãªã£ããã€ã©ã¯ãã¯ãŠã§ãŒã䟵æ»ããããªããšãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãåæã湟岞æŠäº(ãããããããã)ãšãªã£ããåœé£æ«å®ã«ã³ããžã¢è¡æ¿æ©æ§ãçµæããããšãæ¥æ¬ã¯åœé£å¹³åç¶æ掻åã«åå ããããšãŒãããå
±åäœã欧å·é£åãšãªã£ãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã€ã³ã·ã¥ã¿ã€ã³ã¯çžå¯Ÿæ§çè«ãæå±ãããã€ãŒã³ãã«ã¯ã¯éåååŠã確ç«ããã©ã¶ãã©ãŒããªã©ã掻èºããããã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ãåå°äœãçºæãããæ
å ±å·¥åŠãæ
å ±ç§åŠãçºéããã人工è¡æãäœããå®å®ç§åŠãçºéãããåç³çæãã代æ¿ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å€ããããšããŠãããããŸããã£ãŠã¯ããªãã",
"title": "çŸä»£ã®äžçãšæ¥æ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颚åã¯ã¹ãããå°åž¯ãçäœå°åž¯ãç©åå°åž¯ã§ããã æ¿æ²»ã®äžå¿å°ã¯ã»ãšãã©ãé»æ²³(ããã)æµåã§ãã£ãã æ°æã¯æŒ¢æ°æ(ããã¿ããã)ã倧å€æ°ã ããã¢ã³ãŽã«ããŠã€ã°ã«ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ç³»ã®äººå£ãå€ããæ®·(ãã)ã®ç²éªšæå(ãããã€ãã)ãã挢åãçºå±ããã 挢åã®ç¹çã¯è¡šææå(ã²ããããã)ãç¹åŸŽã§ããã ææ³ã¯åå(ããã)ã®å家(ãã
ã)ææ³ã挢ã®æŠåžã®æ代ã«åæ(ãã
ããã)ãšãªããæ¯é
è
å±€ã§ä¿¡å¥ããããããã¯åŸ³æ²»äž»çŸ©ãäžè¯ææ³(ã¡ã
ããããã)ãšãªã£ãŠãåå°äœå¶(ããã»ããããã)ã®åå°ãšãªã£ãã åå°äœå¶(ããã»ããããã)ãšã¯ãåšèŸºåœã®æ貢貿æ(ã¡ãããããŒããã)ãããæè²¢åœã«ä»£ããã«å®çµãäžããå¶åºŠã®ããšã§ãããåæã¯å®(ãã)ã®ç§æ(ããã)ããåå®(ãªããã)ã®æ±ååŠ(ãã
ããã)ãçã¿åºãæ¥æ¬ã«ã圱é¿ãäžããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åéšã®ã€ã³ãã¹å·ãã¬ã³ãžã¹å·ã®æµåã§ãçµ±äžçæãç¯ãããããšãå€ãã£ãã æ°æã¯ã¢ãŒãªã¢äººãšãã©ãŽã£ã人ãå€ããäžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ã§éç§ãå¶ãã§ããã¢ãŒãªã¢äººã¯å2000幎ãããã移åãéå§ãããŽã§ãŒããäœã£ããéåšãçºæãããçç£ãããããšãŽã¡ã«ãå¶åºŠãåãå
¥ããããã ããã«çåãæã£ãã¬ãŠã¿ãã»ã·ãããŒã«ã¿ã¯ä»æ(ã¶ã£ããã)ãéããããã³ãã¥ãŒæã¯ãŽã§ãŒããšæ°éä¿¡ä»°ãçµã³ã€ãããã®ã§ããŽã¡ã«ãå¶åºŠã«ãžã£ãŒãã£ãå ãã£ãã«ãŒã¹ãå¶ã«æ·±ãé¢ä¿ããŠããã ã€ã³ãã§ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æãçãã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ã16äžçŽã®ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©æå£ä»¥éã§ããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "颚åã¯å°äžæµ·æ°åããã³ä¹Ÿç¥æ°åã§ããã æ°æã¯ã¢ã©ãç³»ããã«ã³ç³»ããã«ãã«ç³»ãã¢ã³ãŽã«ç³»ãªã©ã§ããããã€ã«å·ããã£ã°ãªã¹å·ããŠãŒãã©ãã¹å·ã®æµåã§ã¯çæŒèŸ²èãèµ·ãã£ãã å®æãæåãå€ãçãŸãããšããã§ããããã ãã³ããã¯ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æãæç«ããã ã ãã³ããã630幎ã«æ»å»ãããšã圌ã®ç¯ãããŠã³ã(ä¿¡åŸã®å
±åäœ)ã誰ãç¶æ¿ããã®ããåé¡ãšãªã£ããé èšè
ã ãã³ããã«ã¯ç·å
ãããªãã£ããããã«åæã€ã¹ã©ãŒã å
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ã¯ã ã¹ãªã ã®äžããåè°ã§éžã°ãããããããŠéžã°ãã圌ã®åŸç¶è
ã®ããšãã«ãªã(ããªãŒãã¡)ãšãã£ããæåã®ã«ãªãã¯ã ãã³ããã®æ§æ¥ã®å人ã®ã¢ããŒã»ãã¯ã«ã§ã圌ã¯æ©ããåè£ã®å±æ©ã«ãããããå
±åäœã®ç¶æã®ããã®æŠããäœåãªããããã圌ã®åŸã¯ãŠãã«ããŠã¹ããŒã³ãã¢ãªãŒãšãä¿¡åŸã®åè°ã«ããéžåºãããã«ãªã(æ£çµ±ã«ãªã)ãç¶ããããã®æ代ã«ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã å
±åäœã¯ãžããŒã(èæŠ)ãéãããã¶ã³ãåžåœããµãµã³æãã«ã·ã£ã®é åã«å¯Ÿå€é²åºãããŠãã£ãã4代ç®ã«ãªãã¢ãªãŒãæ殺ããããªã©ã®ã€ã¹ã©ãŒã æåŸã®å
çŽãé®ããã ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã¢ã¯ãŠãã€ã€æãéãã«ãªããäžè¥²åããããŠãã€ã€æã®æ倧é åã¯ãæ±ã¯äžå€®ã¢ãžã¢ãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã西ã¯ã¢ããã³ãã€ããªã¢å島ã«ãŸã§åãã ã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã©ã«å±±è以西ããšãŒããããšããã ã¢ã«ãã¹ä»¥åã®å°äžæµ·äžçã以åã®è¥¿ãšãŒãããäžçãã«ã«ããã¢å±±èåšèŸºä»¥æ±ã®æ±ãšãŒãããäžçã®3ã€ã«åããããšãã§ããã 西ãšãŒãããã«ã¯æåã±ã«ãç³»æ°æãäœãã§ããããçŽå
ååŸã«ã©ãã³ç³»ã4äžçŽé ã«ã²ã«ãã³ç³»æ°æã䟵å
¥ãããããªã¹ãæã¯ã€ãšã¹ãæç«ãã䜿åŸã®ããããããŠãã«ãã£ãŠåºããããã 4äžçŽã®ããŒãåžåœã«ãã£ãŠå
¬èªãããåœæãšãªã£ãã ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯ã¢ãããã¹ãã«ã¿ãªã©ã®éœåžåœå®¶ãæ ããã ããŒãã¯å2äžçŽã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ãæ»ããå1äžçŽã«å°äžæµ·äžçãçµ±äžããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¢ã©ãç³»ã®ã ã¹ãªã å人ã¯ãããŠãšåŒã°ããæšé åžè¹ã§çŽ
æµ·ãã¢ã©ãã¢æµ·ãã€ã³ãæŽã亀æãããäžåœããã¯ãçµ¹ãé¶ç£åšãéãè¶ãªã©ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ããã¯ãéŠèŸæã象çãçççã茞å
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"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "13äžçŽã¯ã¿ã¿ãŒã«ã®å¹³å(ããã¯ã¹=ã¢ã³ãŽãªã«)ãšåŒã°ããŠãããéšéŠ¬éç§æ°ã«ãã蟲èå°åã®ç¢ºä¿ã®ããããã³ã®ã¹ã»ããŒã³ã¯åæžå¶ãæ·ãã西å€ãšãã©ãºã ãæ»
ãŒããããã®åå«ã§ãããªãŽã¿ã€ã»ããŒã³ã¯éãèšã¡ãããã¥ã¯ãã·ã¢ã«é åŸãããã©ã°ã¯ã¢ãããŒã¹æãæ»
ãŒããã€ã«ã»ãã³åœã建ãŠãããã©ã€ã¯å
æãéãåå®ãæ»
ãŒããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ååè»(ãã
ãããã)ã®èŒžéã«ããããžã§ããŽã¡ããŽã§ããã£ã¢ãæ ç¹ãšããã€ã¿ãªã¢å人ã®æ±æ¹è²¿æ(ã¬ãŽã¡ã³ã貿æ)ãçãã«ãªã£ããé»æµ·ã«ã¯ãããã£ã¯ã»ãã³åœãšã€ã«ã»ãã³åœãšã®èªè·¯ãéããããšãžããå人ãšã®äº€æã§ã¯ããŠãŒã©ã·ã¢ããéŠæãææãå®ç³ãçµ¹ç¹ç©ã茞å
¥ããã¢ããªã«ããã¯éã茞å
¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "å
(ãã)ã®æ代ã«ãéŠéœã®å€§éœãé»æµ·ãæå·ã倧éæ²³ã§çµã°ããããã«ã³ã»ããŒãããã®èªè·¯ãå©çšããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã¯æ¥å®è²¿æãæ¥å
貿æã®åŸãåå¯(ããã)ãæ°Ÿæ¿«ãããã宀çºæ代ã®åå貿æ(ãããããŒããã)ã«ãã£ãŠé®ãããããçççåœã¯15äžçŽã®åãã«äžå±±ç(ã¡ã
ããããã)ã«ãã£ãŠçµ±äžãããæ(ã¿ã)ã«æè²¢ããããŸããæ¥æ¬ãæé®®ãæ±åã¢ãžã¢ãšã®äžç¶è²¿æãè¡ãããŠããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"text": "16äžçŽã®è±¡åŸŽçãªåºæ¥äºã¯ãã¹ãã€ã³ã®ããŒã©ã³ãšãã®éšäžã«ããäžçåšèªã§ãããããããã¬ã³ã³ãã¹ã¿(åœåå埩éå)ã®éçšã§åœå
ççµ±äžãæãéãããã«ãã¬ã«ãšã¹ãã€ã³ã¯ããªã¹ãæçå®æç±ã«ãã£ãŠãä»ã®ãšãŒãããè«žåœã«å
é§ããŠå¯Ÿå€é²åºãé²ãããã³ãã³ãã¹ãã¬ã³ã³ãã¹ã¿ã®çµçµãã1492幎ã«è¥¿ã€ã³ã諞島ã«å°éããããšãããããã瀺ããŠãããã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯è¥¿åãèªè·¯ã«ããã€ã³ãå°éãç®æããããããã¯ãã¹ã«ããªã®å°ççäœèª¬ãçè«çãªæ ¹æ ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ããã«åœæã®ç§åŠã®é²å±ããšãŒãããã®é²åºã®è¿œã颚ãšãªã£ãããšãèŠéããŠã¯ãªããªããã³ãã³ãã¹ãå°éããå°åããæ°å€§éžãã ãšããã®ã¯ç®èãªããšã«ã³ãã³ãã¹ã§ã¯ãªãã¢ã¡ãªãŽã»ãŽã§ã¹ãããã§ããããããŠåœŒã®åããšã£ãŠã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§éžãšãªã£ãããšã¯å€ãã®äººãç¥ã£ãŠããããã¹ãã€ã³ã¯ããããŠæ°å€§éžãäžå¿ã«å¢åã䌞ã°ããŠãããäžæ¹ãã«ãã¬ã«ã¯ã¢ããªã«å€§éžå端åæå³°ãè¿åããæ±åãèªè·¯ã«ãã£ãŠã€ã³ãé²åºãæãã(ãŽã¡ã¹ã³ã»ãã»ã¬ã)ãã¢ãžã¢å°åãå¢åã®äžå¿ãšãããè¹ã¯éžäžèŒžéããã³ã¹ãçã«é¥ãã«åªäœãªã®ã§è²¿æãæ¡å€§ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æ¯ç¹ç©ã茞åºããã¹ãã€ã³ã¯ãäžåç±³ããéã倧é茞å
¥ãéæ¬äœäœå¶ãæºããããããã®éã¯æ±ã€ã³ãã«èŒžåºãããéŠæãšäº€æããããã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§éžãããããããããããããžã£ã¬ã€ã¢ããµããã€ã¢ããšããããããã¿ãã³ã¯ããšãŒããããã¢ãžã¢ããããŠã¢ããªã«ã®ç掻ã«é倧ãªå€åãèµ·ãããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "西ã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯ãªã¹ãã³åžåœãåã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯ã ã¬ã«åžåœãæ ãããã17äžçŽæ«ä»¥éããªã¹ãã³åžåœã¯ãªãŒã¹ããªã¢ããã·ã¢ã®åäžããããŠã ã¬ã«åžåœã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ€æ°å°åã«ããè¡°éããããããæ±ã¢ãžã¢ã®æž
(ãã)åžåœã¯ãšãŒããããšã®è²¿æãå¶éãç¶ãã康çåž(ããããŠã)ãéæ£åž(ãããããŠã)ã也éåž(ãããã
ããŠã)ã®3代130幎éã«æž¡ããäžåœå²äžç©ºåã®å€§ç¹æ ãç¯ãäžããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "16äžçŽãã17äžçŽã®ãšãŒãããã§ã¯ãåžžåè»ãå®åå¶ãéå䞻矩ãæ¡çšãã絶察䞻矩åœå®¶ãæç«ããããããã¯çæš©ç¥æ説(ãããã ãããã
ãã€)ã§æ£çµ±åããããã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãã§ãªã2äžãã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ã¯ãšãªã¶ãã¹1äžæ代ã«å
šçæãããããããã©ã³ã¹ã§ã¯ã«ã€14äžã«å
šçæãè¿ãããäžå幎æŠäºåŸã®18äžçŽã®åèå¶åäž»ãšããŠã¯ããã€ã»ã³ã®ããªãŒããªãã2äžããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®ããªã¢ã»ãã¬ãžã¢ããã·ã¢ã®ãã§ãŒãã«1äžããšã«ãã§ãªãŒã2äžãæåã§ããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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"text": "17äžçŽã¯ã¹ãã€ã³ããã«ãã¬ã«ã«ä»£ãã£ãŠãªã©ã³ããã€ã®ãªã¹ããã©ã³ã¹ãå°é ããããªã©ã³ãã¯ãã¿ãã¢ãæ ç¹ã«ããã女çã¯æ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿãäœã£ãã17äžçŽåŸåã«ã¯ãªã©ã³ããåŸéããã€ã®ãªã¹ãšãã©ã³ã¹ãèŠæš©ãäºãããã«ãªã£ãã18äžçŽäžããã®äžå¹ŽæŠäºã«ãã©ã³ã¹ãæãããšãã€ã®ãªã¹ãè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ã®äžæ žããªãããã«ãªã£ãããŸããã®ãã奎é·è²¿æãäžå¿ã«ãšãŒããããã¢ããªã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§éžãçµã¶å€§è¥¿æŽäžè§è²¿æã確ç«ãããã",
"title": "è¿ä»£ä»¥å"
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žååŠ éåååŠ - ååŠ; ç¡æ©ååŠ ææ©ååŠ - çç©åŠ; æ€ç©åŠ ç 究æè¡ - å°çç§åŠ - å»åŠ; 解ååŠ èªåŠ: æ¥æ¬èª è±èª ãšã¹ãã©ã³ã æé®®èª ãã³ããŒã¯èª ãã€ãèª ãã©ã³ã¹èª ã©ãã³èª ã«ãŒããã¢èª 人æç§åŠ: æŽå²åŠ; æ¥æ¬å² äžåœå² äžçå² æŽå²èŠ³ - å¿çåŠ - å²åŠ - èžè¡; é³æ¥œ çŸè¡ - æåŠ; å€å
žæåŠ æŒ¢è©© 瀟äŒç§åŠ: æ³åŠ - çµæžåŠ - å°çåŠ - æè²åŠ; åŠæ ¡æè² æè²å² æ
å ±æè¡: æ
å ±å·¥åŠ; MS-DOS/PC DOS UNIX/Linux TeX/LaTeX CGI - ããã°ã©ãã³ã°; BASIC Cèšèª C++ Dèšèª HTML Java JavaScript Lisp Mizar Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme SVG å°ã»äžã»é«æ ¡ã®æç§æž å°åŠ: åœèª ç€ŸäŒ ç®æ° çç§ è±èª äžåŠ: åœèª ç€ŸäŒ æ°åŠ çç§ è±èª é«æ ¡: åœèª - å°æŽ - å
¬æ° - æ°åŠ; å
¬åŒé - çç§; ç©ç ååŠ å°åŠ çç© - å€åœèª - æ
å ± 解説æžã»å®çšæžã»åèæž è¶£å³: æçæ¬ - ã¹ããŒã - ã²ãŒã è©Šéš: è³æ Œè©Šéš - å
¥åŠè©Šéš ãã®ä»ã®æ¬: é²çœ - ç掻ãšé²è·¯ - ãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®æžãæ¹ - ãžã§ãŒã¯é",
"title": "ç®æ¬¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSS( Cascading Style Sheets )ã¯ãWebããŒãžã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãèšå®ããããã®èšèªã§ããHTMLãšãšãã«WebããŒãžã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã«äœ¿ãããŸããCSSã¯HTMLãšã¯å¥ã«èšè¿°ãããHTMLææžå
ã«çŽæ¥èšè¿°ããããšãã§ããŸãããå€éšã®CSSãã¡ã€ã«ãšããŠèªã¿èŸŒãŸããããšãäžè¬çã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«ãCSSã®äž»ãªç¹åŸŽãæ©èœã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžããCSSã®äž»ãªç¹åŸŽãæ©èœã«ã€ããŠã®èª¬æã§ããCSSã¯WebããŒãžã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããå¶åŸ¡ããããã«æ¬ ãããªãèšèªã§ãããWebéçºã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)ã¯ãHTMLã«å¯ŸããŠãææžã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããæåè²ãªã©ã®ããŸããŸãªã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãæå®ããããã«äœãããŸããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã¯W3C( World Wide Web Consortium )ã«ãã£ãŠæšæºåãããèŠæ Œã§ããW3Cã¯Webæè¡ã®çºå±ã«è²¢ç®ããããšãç®çãšããŠãããWebæšæºåã®æšé²ããWebæè¡ã®æ¹åãè¡ã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããå®éã«Webãã©ãŠã¶ã§CSSãå©çšããéã«ã¯ããã©ãŠã¶ããšã«ç¬èªã®å®è£
ããããŸããããã¯ãW3Cã®èŠæ Œã«å¯ŸããŠããã©ãŠã¶ãã³ããŒãç¬èªã®æ©èœãè¿œå ããããå®è£
æ¹æ³ãå€æŽãããããããã§ãããã®ãããåãCSSã³ãŒãã§ããç°ãªããã©ãŠã¶ã§ã¯è¡šç€ºãç°ãªãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæè¿ã§ã¯ããã³ããŒãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãšåŒã°ããæ¥é èŸãä»ããCSSããããã£ã䜿çšãããããšããããŸããããã¯ããã©ãŠã¶ãã³ããŒãå®éšçãªæ©èœãæäŸããããã«çšæãããã®ã§ããããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãä»ããããããã£ã¯ãç°ãªããã©ãŠã¶ã«å¯ŸããŠç°ãªãå€ãæå®ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ç°ãªãã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ãšã³ãžã³ã䜿çšããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãGoogle Chromeã¯BlinkãšåŒã°ããã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ãšã³ãžã³ã䜿çšããŠãããFirefoxã¯GeckoãSafariã¯WebKitã䜿çšããŠããŸãããããã®ãšã³ãžã³ã¯ããããç°ãªãæ¹æ³ã§CSSã解éãã衚瀺ãããçµæãç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ããã©ã³ãã®ã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ã«ããã©ãŠã¶ããšã®å·®ç°ããããŸãããã©ã³ãã®çš®é¡ããã©ã³ããµã€ãºãè¡éãªã©ã®èšå®ã«ãã£ãŠãç°ãªããã©ãŠã¶ã§è¡šç€ºãç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãWebéçºè
ã¯ãW3Cã®èŠæ Œã«åŸãã€ã€ããã©ãŠã¶ããšã®ç¬èªå®è£
ããã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ãšã³ãžã³ã®éãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããå¿
èŠããããŸããããã«ãã£ãŠãç°ãªããã©ãŠã¶ã§ãæ£ç¢ºã«åã衚瀺ãã§ããWebããŒãžãäœãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Webéçºã«ãããŠãç¹å®ã®æ©èœããã©ãŠã¶ããšã«ã©ã®çšåºŠå®è£
ãããŠããã確èªããããšã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã ãã®ããã«ã https://caniuse.com/ ãšããWebãµã€ãã掻çšããããšãã§ããŸãã ããšãã°ãflexboxã®å®è£
ç¶æ³ãç¥ãããå Žåã¯ããflexboxããšæ€çŽ¢ããŸãããããšãhttps://caniuse.com/?search=flexbox ãè¿ãããŸãã ãã®çµæãããçŸåšå»æ¢ãããIEã¯æåŸã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãŸã§flexboxããµããŒãããŠããªãã£ãããšããã®ä»ã®ã¢ãã³ãªãã©ãŠã¶ã¯ãã¹ãŠãµããŒãããŠããããšãããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ€çŽ¢æ©èœã¯ãCSSã ãã§ãªããHTMLãJavaScriptããããŠWeb APIã®fetchãªã©ãããŸããŸãªæè¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSS3ã¯ãã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããæäœããæ©èœãæäŸããŠããŸãããçŸå®ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«ã¯ãHTMLã®TABLEèŠçŽ ã䜿çšããŠã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããããªã©ãCSSã«ãããæ¬æ¥ã®æç« æ§é ãšäžèŽããªãããŒã¯ã¢ãããã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãã®ããã«äœ¿çšããã³ã³ãã³ãããŸã ãŸã èŠãããŸã(2023幎4æçŸåš)ã",
"title": "CSS以å€ã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªããŒã¯ã¢ãããè¡ããšãèŠèŠé害è
ã®æ¹ã䜿ãèªã¿äžããã©ãŠã¶ãæç« æ§é ãç解ã§ãããé©åãªèªã¿äžããã§ããªããªã£ãŠããŸããŸãããŸããTABLEèŠçŽ ã䜿çšããŠã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããããšãã¬ã¹ãã³ã·ããã¶ã€ã³ãã§ããªããããã¢ãã€ã«ããã€ã¹ã§ã¯ãã巚倧ãªè¡šã®äžéšãè«çŒé¡ã§èŠãããããªãŠãŒã¶äœéšã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸãã",
"title": "CSS以å€ã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML4ã§ã¯ãè²ããµã€ãºã®HTMLèŠçŽ ã«ããæå®ããæ©èœ(FONTèŠçŽ ã象城ç)ã¯ãéæšå¥šã§ããããW3Cã®èŠå®ããHTMLæšæºã®äžéšã§ãããããããéæšå¥šã§ãããããæšæºåã®åºŠåããçžå¯Ÿçã«äœããHTMLã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ãšã³ãžã³ããšã®å·®ç°ãããã«å€§ããããæªåŸªç°ã«é¥ã£ãŠããŸããã",
"title": "CSS以å€ã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯ãèŠæ Œå¶å®äž»äœãW3CããWHATWGã«å€æŽããã倧å¹
ãªä»æ§æ¹èšãè¡ãããŸãããç©ç修食ãè¡ãèŠçŽ ã§ããFONTèŠçŽ ã¯å»æ¢ãããäžéšã¯ç©ç修食ãé¢ããæå³ã«åå®çŸ©ãããŸããããŸããFRAMESETèŠçŽ ãå»æ¢ãããŸãããDOCTYPEããDTDããªããªããSGMLã«åºã¥ããããŒã¯ã¢ããèšèªã§ããªããªããŸããããã®ãããFONTèŠçŽ ã¯HTML5ã®èŠçŽ ã§ã¯ãªããªããŸããã",
"title": "CSS以å€ã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:次ã«ç€ºããŠããäŸã¯ãfloatã䜿ã£ããæ ¹æ ã®ãªãããŒãžã³èŠèŸŒã¿ã䜿ã£ãæªãã³ãŒãã§ãgridãflexboxã䜿ã£ãè¯è³ªã®ã³ãŒãã«çœ®æããã¹ãã§ã]",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°CSSã䜿ã£ãŠãããŒãžãå·Šå³2段çµã«ãããå Žåãäžèšã³ãŒãã®ããã«ããã°ããã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
žåçãªäŸã§ããã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "floatã®æå®ããªããšãçæ¹ã®ãããã¯ã®äžã®è¡ãããããçæ¹ã®ãããã¯ã®æç»ãéå§ããŠããŸãããªã®ã§ããã floatãç¡ããšãå·Šå³ã®ãããã¯ãæãæ°å³ã«é
眮ãããŠããŸããç®çã®é
眮ã«ãªããªãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã«ãããå·Šå³ã«æ®µçµããããé
眮ã®å ŽåããŸã float ãæ€èšããã®ãè¯ãã ãã(ãªããä»ã«ãæ¹æ³ã¯ãã)ã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSS æå®ã®äžã® word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: anywhere; ã¯ãæ¹è¡ãæå®ããã®ã«ãå®çšäžã¯ãæ®éã¯å¿
èŠã«ãªãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã¬ãç¡ããšãé·ãæç« ãªã©ãçªãåºãŠããŸãã(ç¹ã«æ¥æ¬èªã®å Žåãçªãåºãããã)",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã word-break: break-all; ã overflow-wrap: anywhere; ãå¹æã¯ã»ãŒåãã ãããã©ãŠã¶çš®é¡ããšã®äºææ§ã®ãããäžèšã³ãŒãã§ã¯äž¡æ¹ãšãèšèŒããŠããã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "width å¹
ãšã¯æšªå¹
ã®ããšããªã 瞊å¹
ãªã height (ãã€ã)ã§ããã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "width ã height ãæå®ããéããã®å Žå㯠% (ããŒã»ã³ã)åäœã§ãæå®ãåºæ¥ãã(CSS ã html ã§å
¥ãçµãã è€éãªã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããããããããšãå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ % æå®ãåãä»ããªããã©ãŠã¶ãããããããããã®ã³ãŒãäŸã®çšåºŠã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããªããã©ã®ãã©ãŠã¶ã§ã(2020幎5æ4æ¥ã« Firefox75 ããã³ Google Chrome84 ã§ç¢ºèª)ã%衚瀺ã§ããã)",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã«ããã¯ã»ã«åäœ(px)ã§widthãªã©ã®å¹
ãæå®ããæ¹æ³ãããã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœè«ã ããäžè¬ã«CSSã®ã³ãŒã㯠head ã¿ã°ã®äžã«å
¥ããã®ãæ®éã§ãã(å
¥ããªããŠãåäœãã)ã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããã®å·Šå³2段çµã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãã®ããšãã2ã«ã©ã ããšèšããŸãããã«ã©ã ããšã¯æ±ã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœãããã å·Šã»äžå€®ã»å³ ã§3段æ§æã«ãªã£ãŠããã°ã3ã«ã©ã ããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžã®ãªãã®å·Šå³åå²ãããŠãªãç¶æ
ãªãããã·ã³ã°ã«ã«ã©ã ããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªããä»èªãã§ããããªãããã®å·Šå³2段çµã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãã®ããšãã2ã«ã©ã ããšèšããŸããããšããæç« ãããéåžžã®ãªãã®å·Šå³åå²ãããŠãªãç¶æ
ãªãããã·ã³ã°ã«ã«ã©ã ããšèšããŸãããã®æç« ãŸã§ã¯ãããœã³ã³ç»é¢ã§ã¯ãã·ã³ã°ã«ã«ã©ã ã§è¡šç€ºãããŠããã ãããšæããŸãã",
"title": "â» æªåé¡"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSå€é¢æ°ãšã¯ãç¹å¥ãªããŒã¿åŠçãèšç®ãåŒã³åºããCSSããããã£ã®å€ãè¿ãæã§ãã CSSå€é¢æ°ã«ã¯è€æ°ã®åŒæ°ãåããã®ããããè¿ãå€ãèšç®ããããã«å¿
èŠã§ãã äŸãã°ãå€æé¢æ°ãè²é¢æ°ããã£ã«ã¿é¢æ°ãªã©ããããŸãã ãŸããæ°åŠé¢æ°ãæ¯èŒé¢æ°ãã¹ãããå€é¢æ°ãäžè§é¢æ°ãææ°é¢æ°ã笊å·é¢é£é¢æ°ãªã©ããããŸãã CSSå€é¢æ°ã¯ãCSSã®æ©èœãããé«åºŠã«æ¡åŒµããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSé¢æ°ã®äžèŠ§ã以äžã«ç€ºããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã®calcé¢æ°ã¯ãç®è¡æŒç®åã䜿çšããŠå€ãèšç®ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã以äžã¯ã䜿çšäŸã®äžäŸã§ãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã次ã®ãããªèŠçŽ ããããšããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èŠçŽ ã®å¹
ãèšç®ããã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã³ã³ããèŠçŽ ã®å¹
ãããŒãžå
šäœã®å¹
ãã20pxãåŒããå¹
ã«èšå®ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãé«ããèšç®ããå Žåã¯ã次ã®ããã«ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã³ã³ããèŠçŽ ã®é«ããããŒãžã®é«ããã50pxãåŒããé«ãã«èšå®ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®äŸã§ã¯ãããŒãžã³ãèšç®ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã³ã³ããèŠçŽ ã®äžäžã®ããŒãžã³ãé«ãã®10%ãã5pxãåŒããå€ã«èšå®ããå·Šå³ã®ããŒãžã³ãå¹
ã®20%ãã10pxãåŒããå€ã«èšå®ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã³ããµã€ãºãèšç®ããäŸã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã³ã³ããèŠçŽ å
ã®ããã¹ãã®ãã©ã³ããµã€ãºãã16pxã«0.5vwãå ããå€ã«èšå®ããŸããããã«ãããããŒãžã®å¹
ãåºããªãã«ã€ããŠãã©ã³ããµã€ãºãèªåçã«èª¿æŽãããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®äŸãåèã«ããŠãcalcé¢æ°ã䜿ã£ãŠç¬èªã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSé¢æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã®ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒå®çŸ©ã®å€æ°ãäœæããããã®æ©èœã§ãããå€æ°ã䜿çšããŠã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãWebéçºè
ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«äŸ¿å©ãªæ©èœã§ãããããŒãžã®å€èŠ³ãåäœã調æŽããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã¯ã--ã®ãã¬ãã£ãã¯ã¹ã§å§ãŸãååãæã¡ãCSSã«ãŒã«ã®ä»»æã®å Žæã«å®çŸ©ã§ããŸããããšãã°ã以äžã®ãããªã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã--primary-colorãšããååã®ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ãå®çŸ©ããŠããŸãããã®ããããã£ã«ã¯ã#FF5733ãšããå€ãå²ãåœãŠãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããããã£ã䜿çšããã«ã¯ãvar()é¢æ°ã䜿çšããŸããããšãã°ã次ã®ãããªCSSã«ãŒã«ãå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã«ãŒã«ã¯ã--primary-colorã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã䜿çšããŠãèæ¯è²ãå®çŸ©ããŠããŸããvar()é¢æ°ã¯ãå®çŸ©ãããã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã®å€ãååŸãããã®å€ã䜿çšããŠã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãé©çšããŸãã ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã¯ãåçãªå€ã«ã䜿çšã§ããŸããããšãã°ã以äžã®ããã«:hoverç䌌ã¯ã©ã¹ã䜿çšããŠãããŠã¹ãèŠçŽ ã®äžã«ãããšãã«ãã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã®å€ãå€æŽããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåããã¿ã³ã®èæ¯è²ã¯ã--primary-colorã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã®å€ã«åºã¥ããŠå®çŸ©ãããŸãããããããã¿ã³ã«ããŠã¹ãä¹ã£ãŠãããšãã«ã--primary-colorã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã®å€ã--primary-color-hoverã«å€æŽãããŸãããããã£ãŠããã¿ã³ã®èæ¯è²ãå€æŽãããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ã¯ãCSSã®æ©èœãšããŠéåžžã«åŒ·åã§ãããWebéçºè
ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªããŒã«ã®1ã€ã§ãããããã䜿çšããããšã«ãããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã®å€æŽãç°¡åã«ãªããæè»æ§ãåäžããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã³ã¡ã³ãã¯äž»ãªçšéãšããŠããã©ãŠã¶ã«è¡šç€ºã»è§£éãããªãã§ããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãèªãã ããã°ã©ããŒãªã©ã«æ
å ±æäŸããããã«çšããããŸãã æ¬æ¥ãæŽå²çã«ã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°æ¥çã§ã¯åæ§ã®æè¡ããã³ã¡ã³ãã¢ãŠãããªã©ãšèªãã§ããŸããããçŸä»£ã§ã¯åã«ãã³ã¡ã³ããã ãã§éçšããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ãã³ãŒãã®èª¬æçãªããŒããè¿œå ããããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã®ç¹å®ã®éšåããã©ãŠã¶ã解éããªãããã«ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸããã",
"title": "ã³ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã¡ã³ãã¯ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãå
ã§èš±å®¹ããã空çœãèš±ãããå Žæã«é
眮ã§ããŸããåäžè¡ãŸãã¯è€æ°è¡ã«ãŸãããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯ãã³ã¡ã³ãã®äŸã§ãã",
"title": "ã³ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã¡ã³ãã®æ§æã¯ãåäžè¡ããã³è€æ°è¡ã®äž¡æ¹ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã å€éšã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã§ã³ã¡ã³ããæå®ããä»ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãããŸããã ãã ããSTYLEèŠçŽ ã䜿çšããå Žåã¯ãå€ããã©ãŠã¶ããCSSãé衚瀺ã«ããããã«ã䜿çšã§ããŸãããããã¯æšå¥šãããŸããã /* */ã³ã¡ã³ãæ§æã䜿çšããã»ãšãã©ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšåæ§ã«ãã³ã¡ã³ãã¯å
¥ãåã«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã CSSã«//圢åŒã®ã³ã¡ã³ãæ§æã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "ã³ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã¯ãCSSã®ããããã£ã®1ã€ã§ãHTMLã®èŠçŽ ã«èªåçã«çªå·ãå²ãåœãŠãããšãã§ããŸãã CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã䜿çšãããšãããããŒãããã¿ãŒã泚éãç« ãç¯ãªã©ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèªåçã«çªå·ä»ãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã¯ã以äžã®ããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã",
"title": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã以äžã®ããã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "CSSã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒ"
}
] | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãžÂ > å·¥åŠÂ > æ
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<title>CSSã«ããããŒãžå·Šå³åå²ã®ã³ãŒãäŸ</title>
<style type="text/css">
.left {
width: 60%;
float: left;
background-color: #ccccff
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width: 30%;
float: right;
background-color: #ffaaaa;
}
.kaigyo1 {
word-break: break-all;
overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.kaigyo2 {
word-break: break-all;
overflow-wrap: anywhere;
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</style>
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</html>
</syntaxhighlight>
;解説
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# var() - ã«ã¹ã¿ã ããããã£ããå€ãååŸããŸãã
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# rotate() - ãªããžã§ã¯ããå転ãããŸãã
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# scale() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ãµã€ãºãæ¡å€§ãŸãã¯çž®å°ããŸãã
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# matrix() - 2Då€æè¡åãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
# matrix3d() - 3Då€æè¡åãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
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# grayscale() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã°ã¬ãŒã¹ã±ãŒã«å€ãæå®ããŸãã
# blur() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ãŒãããæå®ããŸãã
# brightness() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®æãããæå®ããŸãã
# contrast() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããæå®ããŸãã
# drop-shadow() - ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ããããã·ã£ããŠãæå®ããŸãã
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.container {
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.container {
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}
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}
</syntaxhighlight>
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body {
background-color: var(--primary-color);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
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:<syntaxhighlight lang=css>
:root {
--primary-color: #FF5733;
--primary-color-hover: #F00;
}
button {
background-color: var(--primary-color);
}
button:hover {
--primary-color: var(--primary-color-hover);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
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/* 1è¡ã³ã¡ã³ã */
/* è€æ°è¡ã«æž¡ã ã³ã¡ã³ã */
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counter-reset: <counter-name> <initial-value>;
</syntaxhighlight>
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counter-increment: <counter-name> <increment-value>;
</syntaxhighlight>
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content: counter(<counter-name>);
</syntaxhighlight>
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</syntaxhighlight>
;CSS:<syntaxhighlight lang=css>
body {
counter-reset: section;
}
h1 {
counter-reset: subsection;
counter-increment: section;
content: counter(section) ". ";
}
h2 {
counter-reset: subsubsection;
counter-increment: subsection;
content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) " ";
}
h3 {
counter-increment: subsubsection;
content: counter(section) "." counter(subsection) "." counter(subsubsection) " ";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãæåã«bodyèŠçŽ ã§sectionã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒããªã»ããããŠããŸãã
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{{-}}
{{Stub}}
{{NDC|007.64}}
[[Category:CSS|*]]
[[Category:ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãèšèª]]
[[Category:World_Wide_Web]] | 2005-06-17T14:45:24Z | 2023-07-25T12:08:33Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:èµæžäžèŠ§",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:é²æ",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:é²æç¶æ³",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:-",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/CSS |
2,137 | äžçã®å€§ææ³ã»å²åŠ | ãŸã 西æŽæªå®ãæ°é·ã«åé€ããç·šéã! | [
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã 西æŽæªå®ãæ°é·ã«åé€ããç·šéã!",
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2,149 | CSS/èæ¯ |
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[[Category:CSS|ã¯ããã]] | null | 2020-05-04T09:20:01Z | [
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çµ±èšã§åºŠæ°ååžã瀺ãã°ã©ã. 暪軞äžã«éçŽã瞊軞äžã«åºŠæ°ãç®çãããã®ãã®ã®éçŽã®äžã«ã床æ°ãé«ããšããé·æ¹åœ¢ãç«ãŠããã®. ãã¹ãã°ã©ã ãšããã°ãã
äžã®ã6幎çã®ããã®ç®æ°ããªã«ãã®æåãæŒããšãèŠãŠããããŒãžããç®æ°ããªã«ã®ãºãŒãžã«ãå€ãããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "b a à c = b à c a {\\displaystyle {\\frac {b}{a}}\\times {c}={\\frac {b\\times c}{a}}} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "b a ÷ c = b c à a {\\displaystyle {\\frac {b}{a}}\\div {c}={\\frac {b}{c\\times a}}} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ°ã®ããç®ã¯ãããããçåæ°ãŸãã¯ä»®åæ°ã®å Žåã¯åæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ãåå¥ã«ããç®ããã°ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1 5 Ã 2 3 = 1 Ã 2 5 Ã 3 = 2 15 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{5}}\\times {\\frac {2}{3}}={\\frac {1\\times 2}{5\\times 3}}={\\frac {2}{15}}}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ã垯åæ°ããµããŸããŠããå Žåã¯ä»®åæ°ã«çŽããŠããã§ãªããã°ãããŸãããããã¯åæ°ã®å²ãç®ãåãã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2 2 3 Ã 1 2 5 = 8 3 Ã 7 5 = 8 Ã 7 3 Ã 5 = 56 15 ... ( = 3 11 15 ) {\\displaystyle 2{\\frac {2}{3}}\\times 1{\\frac {2}{5}}={\\frac {8}{3}}\\times {\\frac {7}{5}}={\\frac {8\\times 7}{3\\times 5}}={\\frac {56}{15}}\\dots (=3{\\frac {11}{15}})}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éæ°ã¯åæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ãå
¥ãæ¿ããç©ã«ãªããŸããã€ãŸãã b a {\\displaystyle {\\frac {b}{a}}} ã®éæ°ã¯ a b {\\displaystyle {\\frac {a}{b}}} ã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ°ã®ããç®ã§ã¯ãããããæ°ã«ããæ°ã®éæ°ãããããšçããåŸãããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èª¬æã¯ããªãã§ããããã°çããåºãã®ããšæ°ã«ãªã£ã人ã«åããŠæžããŠããã®ã§ãèªãŸãªããŠããã§ãããŸããã²ãšã€äžã§å匷ããæåãšåŒãäžåŠæ ¡ã®å匷ã§åºãŠãããã®ã䜿ããŸããããåãããªããŠãäžåºŠèªãã®ããããŠæ¬¡ã®å匷ãããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããã®æç§æžãèªã¿çµãã£ãåŸã«ããäžåèªãã°ããããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããããããŸããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã a b ÷ c d {\\displaystyle {\\frac {a}{b}}\\div {\\frac {c}{d}}} ãäŸã«ããŠè§£èª¬ããŠãããŸããããã§ãŸã ããã£ãŠããªãçãããšãããã x {\\displaystyle x} ãšæžããŠãããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å·Šã®åŒãšå³ã®åŒã¯ãŸã£ããåãæ°åã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããªã®ã§ãäž¡æ¹ã®åŒã« c d {\\displaystyle {\\frac {c}{d}}} ããããŠãåãæ°åå士ã«ãªããšæããŸããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãããã¯çåŒã®æ§è³ªãšãã£ãŠäžåŠ1幎çã®ç¥èã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã㚠÷ c d à c d {\\displaystyle \\div {\\frac {c}{d}}\\times {\\frac {c}{d}}} ãšãããã®ãçŸãããšæããŸããããç®ã¯ã²ãšãåã¯ããã€ã«ãªãããããç®ã¯ã²ãšãåã®ãã®ã人æ°åã«ãããšããã€ã«ãªãããšãããã®ãæ±ããèšç®ã§ãã€ãŸãããç®ãšããç®ã¯çéã®èšç®ãããŠããã ããšããããšãããããšæããŸããã€ãŸããã㮠÷ c d à c d {\\displaystyle \\div {\\frac {c}{d}}\\times {\\frac {c}{d}}} ã¯æã¡æ¶ãåã£ãŠãªã«ãèšç®ããªãã®ãšåãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å·Šå³äž¡æ¹ã®åŒã« d c {\\displaystyle {\\frac {d}{c}}} ããããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«çŸãã c d à d c {\\displaystyle {\\frac {c}{d}}\\times {\\frac {d}{c}}} ãèšç®ããŠã¿ããš",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãäžã®ãããªåŒã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããã§ãäžçªäžã®åŒãšèŠæ¯ã¹ããš",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãå€æ®µã®ããçã6æ¬è²·ããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç1æ¬ã®å€æ®µã50åãšãããšããåŒã¯ 50 à 6 = 300 {\\displaystyle 50\\times 6=300} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç1æ¬ã®å€æ®µã â» {\\displaystyle \\Box } åã6æ¬ã®ä»£éã â³ {\\displaystyle \\triangle } åãšããŠã â» {\\displaystyle \\Box } ãš â³ {\\displaystyle \\triangle } ã®é¢ä¿ãåŒã«è¡šããšã â» Ã 6 = â³ {\\displaystyle \\Box \\times 6=\\triangle } ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ã â» {\\displaystyle \\Box } ã â³ {\\displaystyle \\triangle } ãªã©ã®èšå·ã®ä»£ããã«ã x {\\displaystyle x} ã y {\\displaystyle y} ãªã©ã®æåã䜿ãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç1æ¬ã®å€æ®µã x {\\displaystyle x} åã6æ¬ã®ä»£éã y {\\displaystyle y} åãšããŠã x {\\displaystyle x} ãš y {\\displaystyle y} ã®é¢ä¿ãåŒã«è¡šããšã x à 6 = y {\\displaystyle x\\times 6=y} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x = 60 {\\displaystyle x=60} ã®ãšãã¯ã x à 6 = y {\\displaystyle x\\times 6=y} ã® x {\\displaystyle x} ã«60ãããŠã¯ããŠèšç®ãããšã 60 à 6 = 360 {\\displaystyle 60\\times 6=360} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æåãšåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°/5åŠå¹ŽãŸã§ã«w:å¹³è¡å蟺圢ãw:äžè§åœ¢çã®å³åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã®æ±ãæ¹ãåŠã³ãŸãããããããå®éã«èŠãããå³åœ¢ã¯å¿
ãããå®å
šãªäžè§åœ¢ã§ã¯ãªãã§ããŒããªå³åœ¢ãªã©ããããŸãããã®ãããªæã«ã§ãã ãããã®é¢ç©ã調ã¹ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "éãšæž¬å®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°æ¹çŒçŽã«é©åœã«æžããå³åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸããããä»ãŸã§ã®ããæ¹ã ãšãã®å³åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãæ±ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããããããã ãããã®å€§ãããªã調ã¹ãããšã¯ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "éãšæž¬å®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¹çŒçŽã«æžããå³åœ¢ã¯ããããã®ãã¹ã§åºåãããŠããŸãããã¹ãå®å
šã«ãã®å³åœ¢ã«ãµãŸããŠããå Žåããã¹ã®äžãå³åœ¢ã®ç·ãéã£ãŠããŸãããã®ãã¹ã®æ°ã調ã¹ãããšã«ãã£ãŠããããã®é¢ç©ã調ã¹ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "éãšæž¬å®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å³åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã¯ããã¹100åã®é¢ç©ããã倧ããããšã¯ããã«ããããŸãããããŠã20åã®ãã¹ã¯å³åœ¢ã®ç·ãéã£ãŠããŠãå³åœ¢ã«å®å
šã«ãµããŸããŠã¯ããªãã®ã§ãããããã¹120åã®é¢ç©ããã¯å°ããããšãããããŸããã ããããã®å Žåã¯ãã®å³åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã¯ 100 c m 2 {\\displaystyle 100cm^{2}} ãš 120 c m 2 {\\displaystyle 120cm^{2}} ã®éã§ããããšãããããŸããããã§ã¯ãŸã å°ããããã£ã±ã§ãããæ¹çŒçŽã®ãã¹ããã现ãããã(äŸãã°5mmã1mmåæ¹ã®ãã¹ã«ãšããããããšã«ãã£ãŠããããããé¢ç©ãç¥ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "éãšæž¬å®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããçŽç·ã軞ãšããŠå³åœ¢ãæãéãããšããå
ã®å³åœ¢ãšãŽã£ããéãªãå³åœ¢ã¯ ç·å¯Ÿç§°ã§ãããšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®æãéãããšãã®è»žãšãªã£ãçŽç·ã 察称ã®è»ž ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "察å¿ãã2ã€ã®ç¹ãçµã¶çŽç·ã¯ã察称ã®è»žãšåçŽã«äº€ãããŸãããŸãããã®äº€ç¹ãšå¯Ÿå¿ããç¹ã®ãããã¯ãããããçãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããå³åœ¢ãããç¹ãäžå¿ã«180°å転ããããšããããšã®å³åœ¢ãšéãªãå³åœ¢ã¯ ç¹å¯Ÿç§°ã§ãã ãšãããŸãããŸãããã®å転ã®äžå¿ã®ç¹ã 察称ã®äžå¿ ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "察å¿ãã2ã€ã®ç¹ãçµã¶çŽç·ã¯ã察称ã®äžå¿ãéããŸãããŸãã察称ã®äžå¿ãšã察å¿ãã2ã€ã®ç¹ãçµã¶ãšããã®ãããã¯ãããããçãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£å€è§åœ¢ã¯å¿
ãç·å¯Ÿç§°ã§ã察称ã®è»žã®æ¬æ°ã¯ãã®æ£å€è§åœ¢ã®èŸºã®æ°ã«çãããªã£ãŠããŸãããŸãã蟺ã®æ°ãå¥æ°ã®æ£å€è§åœ¢ã¯ç¹å¯Ÿç§°ã§ã¯ãªããå¶æ°ã®æ£å€è§åœ¢ã¯ç¹å¯Ÿç§°ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®é¢ç©ã®æ±ãæ¹ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®ããã«ãåããããã®åœ¢ã«çåãã䞊ã¹ãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãã䞊ã³ãããå³åœ¢ã¯é·æ¹åœ¢(å¹³è¡å蟺圢)ãšã¿ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çžŠã®é·ãã¯ã ååŸ ã§ã暪ã®é·ã㯠ååšã®é·ãã®åå ãšçãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšÃ·2=çŽåŸÃååšç÷2=(çŽåŸÃ·2)ÃååšÃ·2=ååŸÃååšç ãšãªãã®ã§ãååšã®ååã®é·ãã¯ååŸÃååšçãšçãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã®é¢ç©(瞊Ã暪)=ååšÃ·2ÃååŸ=ååŸÃååšçÃååŸãšãªããŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®é¢ç©ã¯ã ååŸÃååŸÃååšç ãšããåŒã§æ±ããããããšã«ãªããŸããããã§ã¯ååšçã3.14ãšããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å³åœ¢ã¯ãæ£æ¹åœ¢ã®äžã«ãåã®äžéšãæžãããã®ã§ããè²ã®ã€ããéšåã®é¢ç©ã®æ±ãæ¹ãèããŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããå³åœ¢ãã圢ããããªãã§å€§ããããããšãããã®å³åœ¢ã æ¡å€§ãããšãããŸãã ããšãã°å³ã®å³ã§ã¯ãããç¹ãäžå¿ã«äžã®éãå³åœ¢ãæ¡å€§ããŠãäžã®é»ãå³åœ¢ã«éããŸããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡å€§ãããå³ã æ¡å€§å³ ãšãããŸããå³ã®çµµã§ã¯ãäžã®éããLãã®åœ¢ããåºæºã«èããå Žåã¯ãäžã®é»ãå³ã®ã»ããæ¡å€§å³ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããå³åœ¢ãã圢ããããªãã§å°ããããããšãããã®å³åœ¢ã çž®å°ãã ãšãããŸãã ããšãã°å³ã®å³ã§ã¯ãäžã®é»ããLãã®åœ¢ãçž®å°ããŠãäžã®éãå³åœ¢ã«ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çž®å°ãããå³ã çž®å³ãšãããŸãããçž®å°å³ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ãããå³ã®å³ã§ã¯ãäžã®é»ããLãã®åœ¢ãåºæºã«èããå Žåã¯ãäžã®éã圢ã®ã»ããçž®å³ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°å³ã®çž®å°ºããçž®å³ã®ãããªèãæ¹ã§ããäŸãã°çž®å°ºã25000åã®1ãšãªã£ãŠãããªããå®éã®25000åã®1ã®å€§ããã§ãå
šãåã圢ã«æžããŠãããŸãã ãŸããæ¬ãªã©ãçž®å°ã³ããŒããããæ¡å€§ã³ããŒããŠã¿ãŸããã(ã³ããŒæ©ã«ã¯ãçž®å°ã³ããŒããæ¡å€§ã³ããŒãã®æ©èœãããããšãå€ãã§ã)ããã¯ããåçš¿ãšåãããã«å°å·ãããŸããã倧ããã¯å€ãã£ãŠããã¯ãã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ããã£ãšç°¡åãªå³åœ¢ã§ããäžè§åœ¢ã¯ã©ãã§ãããããå
šãåã圢ã§ã倧ãããç°ãªãäžè§åœ¢ã§ã¯ãã©ã®ãããªå
±éã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãŠããã§ããããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã¯ãå
šãåã圢ãããŠããŸããã倧ãããéããŸãããã®2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ãæ¯ã¹ããšã次ã®ããšããããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ãABãã¯ãã蟺ABã®é·ããããããŸã)",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ABCãåºæºã«èããŠã¿ãã°ãäžè§åœ¢DEFã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ABCãæ¡å€§ãããã®ã§ãã ã€ãŸããäžè§åœ¢DEFã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ABCã®æ¡å€§å³ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢DEFãåºæºã«èããŠã¿ãã°ãäžè§åœ¢ABCã¯ãäžè§åœ¢DEFãçž®å°ãããã®ã§ãã ã€ãŸããäžè§åœ¢ABCã¯ãäžè§åœ¢DEFã®çž®å³ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è§æ±ãåæ±ã§ãåºé¢ã®é¢ç©ã åºé¢ç© ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãæ°éã®éã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠåŠãã§ãããŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã¹ã¿ãŒãœãŒã¹ãšã±ãã£ãããæ··ããŠããã³ããŒã°ãœãŒã¹ãäœãããšæããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ a : b {\\displaystyle a:b} ã«ãããŠã a {\\displaystyle a} ã b {\\displaystyle b} ã®äœåããè¡šãå€ã æ¯ã®å€ ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®æ¯ 3:4 ãš 9:12 ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ 3:4 ã®ã3ããšã4ãã«ã3ãããããš ã9ãã12ãã«ãªãã®ã§ 9:12ã«çãããªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã3:4 ãš 9:12ã®æ¯ã®å€ã調ã¹ããš ãšãã« 3 4 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {3}{4}}} ã§ãçãããªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ã2ã€ã®æ¯ã®æ¯ã®å€ãçãããšãã 2ã€ã®æ¯ã¯çãã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®æ¯ a : b {\\displaystyle a:b} ãš c : d {\\displaystyle c:d} ãçãããšãã a : b = c : d {\\displaystyle a:b=c:d} ãšãããŸãããªãããã®ãããªåŒã æ¯äŸåŒ ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ a : b {\\displaystyle a:b} ã«ãåãæ°ãããããå²ã£ããããŠããã®æ¯ã¯çãããªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ããåãæ¯ã®å€ã§ãã§ããã ãå°ããæŽæ°ã®æ¯ã«çŽãããšããæ¯ãç°¡åã«ããã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "15:3ãç°¡åã«ããŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "15ãš3ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ã3ã§ãããªã®ã§ã3ã§15ãš3ããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "15:3=5:1",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5ãš1ã«ã¯æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ããªãã®ã§ããã以äžç°¡åã«ãªããŸããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ã 1 3 : 3 4 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{3}}:{\\frac {3}{4}}} ãç°¡åã«ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé¡ æ¬¡ã®xã«ããŠã¯ãŸãæ°ãæ±ããŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3:x=6:4",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1)ãŠã¹ã¿ãŒãœãŒã¹ãšã±ãã£ããã3:2ã®æ¯ã§æ··ããŠãã³ããŒã°ãœãŒã¹ãäœããŸãããŠã¹ã¿ãŒãœãŒã¹ã60mL䜿ããšããã±ãã£ããã¯äœmLå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ã®å€ã䜿ã£ãŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(2)AãããšBããã§ã15æã®ã¯ãããŒããAããã®ææ°ãšBããã®ææ°ã®æ¯ã 2 : 3 {\\displaystyle 2:3} ã«ãªãããã«åããããšæããŸããAãããšBããã¯ããããäœæãšãã°ããã§ããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯ã®å€ã䜿ã£ãŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªåé¡ã¯ãäžåŠæ ¡ã§ç¿ããæ¹çšåŒããçšããŠèšç®ãããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "詳ããã¯äžåŠæ ¡æ°åŠ 1幎ç-æ°éãåç
§ã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸããŸãªãã®ã®å€ããæ¹ã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ã®æ°éã2åã3åã...ã«ãªããšãããäžæ¹ã®æ°éã2åã3åã...ã«ãªããšãã2ã€ã®æ°éã¯æ¯äŸãããšãããŸãã (泚æ)åèæžãªã©ã§ã¯ããæ£æ¯äŸããšæžãããŠããå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯äŸã®é¢ä¿ãèŠãããã«ãæ¯äŸé¢ä¿ã«ãã2æ°ãçšããŠãè¡šãšã°ã©ãã äœã£ãŠã¿ãããããã§ã¯ãã y = 2 à x {\\displaystyle y=2\\times x} ãã® æ¯äŸã®è¡šãã°ã©ããäœãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãããã®æ¯äŸã®è¡šã¯",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹æ¯äŸã®ã°ã©ã㯠ãã¡ã€ã«:Proportion.svg ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ã©ããèŠããšåããéããæ¯äŸã®ã°ã©ãã¯äž¡æ¹ã0ã«ãªãç¹ãéãçŽç·ã«ãªãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡šã¯äžã®ããã«ãªãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã°ã©ã㯠ãã¡ã€ã«:A Proportion.svg ãšãªãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢ç©ã12cmã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã«ãããŠã瞊 ã®é·ããå€ãããšãã暪ã®é·ãã¯ã©ããªãã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãäžæ¹ã®æ°éã 2åã3åã...ã«ãªããšãããäžæ¹ã®æ°éã 1 2 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{2}}} åã 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{3}}} å...ã«ãªããšãã2ã€ã®æ°éã¯åæ¯äŸããŠãããšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ¯äŸã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãçŽç·ã§ã¯ãªããå³ã®å³ã®ãããªãªããããªæ²ç·ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åŠçã¯ãå³äžéšå以å€ã¯ãæ°ã«ããªããŠæ§ããŸãããäžåŠæ ¡ã§ãå·Šäžéšåãå·Šäžéšåãå³äžéšåã«ã€ããŠç¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸãšåæ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¯ã¯æžãããã§ãããã®ç¯ãç·šéããŠãããæ¹ãå¿ãããåŸ
ã¡ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "å Žåã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A,B,C,D,Eã®5ã€ã®ããŒã ããã»ãã®ããŒã ãš1åãã€è©ŠåãããŸãã",
"title": "å Žåã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æã®ãã¹ãŠã®è©Šåæ°ãæ±ãããšããã©ãããã°ããã§ããããã",
"title": "å Žåã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãã»ãã®ããŒã ãšäœåãè©Šåããããšãã(A察B)ãš(B察A)ã¯åããã®ãšããŠæ°ããŸãã",
"title": "å Žåã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¯ã¯æžãããã§ãããã®ç¯ãç·šéããŠãããæ¹ãå¿ãããåŸ
ã¡ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã¯ããŠã£ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®6幎1çµã®30人ã®ãœããããŒã«æãã®çµæã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®ãããªãã10m以äž20mæªæºãã®ãããªåºéã®ããšãéçŽãšèšããŸãããŸãããã®ãããªéçŽãéãŸã£ãè¡šã®ããšã床æ°ååžè¡šãšèšããããããã®éçŽã®è³æã®åæ°ã床æ°ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
šãŠã®å€ã足ããŠãããçµæã®æ°ã§ãã£ããã®ãå¹³åå€ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
šãŠã®å€ã倧ããã®é ã§äžŠã¹ãŠå¥æ°ã®å Žåã¯çãäžãå¶æ°ã®å Žåã¯çãäžã®2ã€ã®æ°ã®å¹³åãããããäžå€®å€ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äŸã®å Žåã倧ããé ã«äžŠã¹ãŠ13çªç®ãã18çªç®ãèŠãŠã¿ããš",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšé²ã®æ°ã¯30ã§å¶æ°ãªã®ã§ãäžå€®å€ã¯ ( 27 + 27 ) ÷ 2 = 27 {\\displaystyle (27+27)\\div 2=27} ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
šãŠã®å€ã®äžã§ãã£ãšãããåºãŠããæ°ãæé »å€ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äŸã§ã¯27ã3åãšäžçªå€ãåºãŠãã®ã§ã27ãæé »å€ã§ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(å¹³åå€ãäžå€®å€ãæé »å€ã®ããšããŸãšããŠä»£è¡šå€ãšåŒã³ãŸãã)",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è³æãæ°çŽç·äžã«äžŠã¹ãåãå€ã®ããŒã¿ã®åæ°ã ãããããç©ã¿äžããŠããããããã®ããããããããããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµ±èšã§åºŠæ°ååžã瀺ãã°ã©ã. 暪軞äžã«éçŽã瞊軞äžã«åºŠæ°ãç®çãããã®ãã®ã®éçŽã®äžã«ã床æ°ãé«ããšããé·æ¹åœ¢ãç«ãŠããã®. ãã¹ãã°ã©ã ãšããã°ãã",
"title": "ããŒã¿ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®ã6幎çã®ããã®ç®æ°ããªã«ãã®æåãæŒããšãèŠãŠããããŒãžããç®æ°ããªã«ã®ãºãŒãžã«ãå€ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç®æ°ããªã«"
}
] | null | == åŒãšèšç® ==
=== åæ°ÃæŽæ° ===
<math>\frac{b}{a} \times {c} = \frac{b \times c}{a}</math> ãšãªããŸãã
=== åæ°Ã·æŽæ° ===
<math>\frac{b}{a} \div {c} = \frac{b}{c \times a}</math> ãšãªããŸãã
=== åæ°Ãåæ° ===
åæ°ã®ããç®ã¯ããããã[[å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°/4åŠå¹Ž#åæ°ã®çš®é¡|çåæ°]]ãŸãã¯[[å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°/4åŠå¹Ž#åæ°ã®çš®é¡|ä»®åæ°]]ã®å Žå<ref>垯åæ°ã§ãªããå·Šã«æ°åãã€ããŠããªãåæ°ã®ããšã§ã</ref>ã¯åæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ãåå¥ã«ããç®ããã°ã§ããŸãã
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äŸãã°ã
<math>\frac 1 5\times\frac 2 3 = \frac {1 \times 2} { 5 \times 3} = \frac 2 {15}</math>
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<math>2{\frac 2 3} \times 1{\frac 2 5} = \frac 8 3 \times \frac 7 5 = \frac {8 \times 7} {3 \times 5} = \frac {56} {15} \dots ( = 3{\frac {11} {15}})</math>
=== åæ°Ã·åæ° ===
==== éæ° ====
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[[Category:å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°|6ãããã]] | 2005-06-24T10:24:41Z | 2023-09-27T13:09:58Z | [
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šãŠã«ãããŠåãç©ãªã©ã®æŒç®ãè¡ãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
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"text": "n*næ£æ¹è¡åã«ãããŠã察è§æåãå
šãŠ1ã§ãããé察è§æåã å
šãŠ0ã§ããè¡åããn*nåäœè¡åãšåŒã¶ã ãã®è¡åã¯çŽæ¥èšç®ãè¡ãªãããšã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããšãåããã(Aã¯ä»»æã®è¡åã) ãã®ããšã¯ãçã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããããšãããã ããã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãijãçããå€ãæã€ãšã1ãè¿ããijãçãããªãå€ãæã€ãšã0ãè¿ãè¡åã§ãã ã¡ããã©åäœè¡åã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã®ã«ãªã£ãŠããã ãã®",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããšãæŽå²ççç±ã«ããã¯ãããã«ãŒã®ãã«ã¿ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ãè¡åã®èŠçŽ ãã©ã®ãããªæ°ã§äžããããŠããããæå®ããŠããªãã£ãã å®çšçã«ã¯å€ãã®å Žåãè¡åã®äžèº«ã¯å®æ°ãè€çŽ æ°ã®ã©ã¡ãããäžããããã ãšãã«è¡åã®è€çŽ å
±åœ¹ãè¡åã®ãã¡ã§å
šãŠã®èŠçŽ ã®è€çŽ è¡åãåã£ããã®ã§ äžãããããè¡å A {\\displaystyle A} ã«å¯Ÿã㊠A â {\\displaystyle A^{*}} ãšæžãã(ãããã®èšå·ã¯æ¬ã«ãã£ãŠéããããã®ã§ 泚æãå¿
èŠã§ãããå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯ã A â {\\displaystyle A^{\\dagger }} ã A Ì {\\displaystyle {\\bar {A}}} ãšæžãããããšã ããã)",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããAãå®æ°ã ãã§äžããããè¡åã§ãããªãããã®è€çŽ å
±åœ¹ã¯ AãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "転眮è¡åãšã¯ãããè¡åAã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããšãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããã€ãŸããè¡åã®è¡ãšåãå
¥ãæããããšã§å®çŸ©ããã è¡åã§ããããã®èšå·ãæ¬ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãã®ã§ãããããã®æ¬ãããèªã¿æ¯ã¹ãããšã å¿
èŠãšãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é䌎è¡åã¯ããè¡åAã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããã€ãŸããè€çŽ å
±åœ¹ãåã£ãŠããã転眮ããè¡åã é䌎è¡åãšåŒã¶ã®ã§ããã ããã§ã¯ã â {\\displaystyle \\dagger } ãçšãããã ãã®èšå·ã¯åã®ãã®ãšåæ§ãæ¬ã«ãã£ãŠçµ±äžãããŠããªãã®ã§æ³šæã å¿
èŠãšãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšã«ããŒãè¡åãšã¯ããã®è¡åã®é䌎è¡åããã®è¡åèªèº«ãšäžèŽããè¡åã§ããã ãšã«ããŒãè¡åã¯è¡åãå®æ°ã§äžããããŠãããšãã転眮ãçããè¡åã« åž°çãããããã®è¡åã察称è¡åãšåŒã¶ã äŸãã°ãåäœè¡åã¯ãšã«ããŒãè¡åã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠãã¿ãªè¡å(Uã§è¡šããããããšãå€ãã)ãšã¯ããã®è¡åã®é䌎è¡åãå
ã®è¡åã® éè¡åãšãªã£ãŠããè¡åã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠãã¿ãªè¡åã¯ããšã®è¡åãå®æ°ã§äžããããŠãããšãã ãã®è¡åã®è»¢çœ®ããå
ã®è¡åã®éè¡åã«çãããªã£ãŠããè¡åã« åž°çãããããã®è¡åãçŽäº€è¡åãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( TODO ãã«ã ãå°å
¥ããå Žåã®çµè«? )",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§è¡šããããæ¹çšåŒã§ããã( a i {\\displaystyle a_{i}} , b i {\\displaystyle b_{i}} ã¯ãå®æ°ã) ãããã®äžè¬è§£ãæ±ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®é£ç«æ¹çšåŒã¯ãè¡åèšæ³ã§ã¯",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããä»®ã«ãAãéè¡åãæã€ãªãã ãã®åŒã®äžè¬è§£ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ãã£ãŠã1次æ¹çšåŒã解ãã®ã¯ãè¡åã®éè¡åã æ±ããããšã«çããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãéè¡åãå
·äœçã«èšç®ããæ¹æ³ãèå¯ãã ãã®çµæãçšããŠ1次æ¹çšåŒã解ãæ¹æ³ãèããã ãã®ããã«ãããããã®çšèªãå°å
¥ããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡ååŒã¯ã è¡å",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããæ°ã§ããã ããã ãã§ã¯äœãèšã£ãŠãããåãããªããããããªããã é ã«èª¬æãè¿œã£ãŠãã£ãŠæ¬²ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã1ããnãŸã§ã®æŽæ°ã®çœ®æã®ãã¡ã®ã©ãããè¡šãããŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æŽæ°ã®çœ®æãšã¯ãããæŽæ°ã®éåãåã£ããšãããããã äºãã«éè€ããªãããã« ããå€ãããå€ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã®ã§ããã äŸãã°ãæŽæ°ã®çµ1,2,3ããšã£ããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯1ã€ã®çœ®æã§ããã 1,2,3ããããã1,2,3ã®ãã¡ã®å¥ã®æ°ã«ç§»ã£ãŠããããšã« 泚ç®ããŠæ¬²ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "眮æã®æ°ã¯nåã®æŽæ°ã®çµãçšãããšãn!åããã äŸãã°ã 3åã®æŽæ°ã®çµã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®(6=3!)çµãšãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§æãã6ã€ã®çœ®æã®äžã§ 1çªäžã®ãå
šãŠã®æŽæ°ãå€åããªã 眮æããåäœçœ®æãšåŒã¶ãåäœçœ®æããå¶æ°åã ãã® å€æŽãè¡ãªã£ãŠåŸããã眮æãé
眮æãå¥æ°åã ãã® å€æŽãè¡ãªã£ãŠåŸããã眮æãå¥çœ®æãšåŒã¶ã ããã§èšãå€æŽãšã¯ã眮æã®åŸã«ããæŽæ°ã移ãæ°ããå¥ã®æŽæ°ã移ãæ°ãš äºãã«å
¥ãæããããšãèšããããã1床ã ãèµ·ããã°å¥çœ®æã§ããã 2åã ãèµ·ããã°é
眮æã§ãããå³å¯ã«ã¯äŸãã°ã1ãš2ãšããçµæãäœåºŠã移ãå€ã㊠ãåäœçœ®æèªèº«ã 2 n {\\displaystyle 2^{n}} (nã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã)å眮æã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããšããããšãã§ããã ãããããã®å Žåã§ãåäœçœ®æãé
眮æã§ããããšãã䞻匵ã¯å€åããŠããªã ããšããããã(ãã ã0åã¯å¶æ°ãªã®ã§0眮æã¯é
眮æã§ãããšããã) å®ã¯ãã®çµæã¯ããäžè¬çãªãã®ã§ããã ãã眮æã«ã€ããŠæ§ã
ãªå
¥ãæããè¡ãªã£ãŠãããã®çœ®æã é
眮æãå¥çœ®æããšããããšã«ã¯åœ±é¿ããªãããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åº?",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããçµå±ã®ãšãããã眮æãé
眮æãå¥çœ®æãã©ããã決ããããšãã«ã¯ã æãç°¡åãªä»æ¹ã§1ã€çµæãåŸãã°ãå
šãŠã®ããæ¹ã§åãçµæãåŸããã ããšããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšããŠäžã«æãã6ã€ã®çœ®æã«ã€ããŠãããããé
眮æãå¥çœ®æããå€å¥ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§ãã2,3,6çªç®ã®çœ®æã¯ããããã åäœçœ®æãã1床ã ã察å¿ããå€ã亀æããŠåŸãããã®ã§ å¥çœ®æã§ããã(ãããã2ãš3ã1ãš2ã3ãš1)ã亀æã㊠åŸãããã åäœçœ®æã¯0éã®äº€æã§åŸãããã®ã§é
眮æã§ãã æ®ã£ã2ã€ã¯ãããã2çµã®æ°å€ã®å
¥ãæããããããšã§ åŸãããã®ã§ãé
眮æã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡ååŒã®å®çŸ©ã®åŒ",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãé
眮æã§ãããšãã+1ãå¥çœ®æã§ãããšã-1ãšãªãã ã€ãŸããåäœçœ®æãããŠåŸãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ§ãªé
ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã1ãããç®ãã ããå¥çœ®æ",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã¯-1ãããã ãã®ãããªå€ãå
šãŠè¶³ãåããããšããããšããã®èšç®ã®äž»æšãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ã眮æã®æ°ã¯n!ã®éãã§å¢ããã®ã§ããããã®é
æ°ã¯æ¥æ¿ã«å¢ããã ãã®ãããn=2,3,4ãããã®ãšããé€ããŠãèšç®æ©ã䜿ããªã㧠å€ãåŸãããšã¯å°é£ã«ãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã2次è¡åã«ã€ããŠèšç®ããããã®ãšãã¯çœ®æã®æ°ã¯ 2ã€ã§ããã®ã§ãèšç®ã¯ç°¡åã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2*2è¡åAã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããè¡ååŒã®å®çŸ©ã«ãããã£ãŠèšç®ãããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®å€ã¯é«æ ¡ã§ã¯ Î {\\displaystyle \\Delta } ãšåŒã°ããŠããéã§ããã ãã®éã¯è¡åã®è¡ååŒã§ãã£ãããã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3次ã®è¡ååŒã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ããã¯ãæãã«æ°ãæãåãããŠãã£ããã®ã«çããããšã«æ³šæã äŸãã°ã第1é
aeiã¯ã1è¡1åã®aããã3è¡3åã®iãŸã§ãå³äžã«åãã£ãŠ é ã«æžããŠãã£ããã®ã«çããããŸãã次ã®bfgã¯ã1è¡2åã®bããå§ããŠã å³äžã«åãã£ãŠããç®ããŠãã£ããã®ã«çããã2è¡3åã®fã®ããšã¯ 端ãçªãæããŠã3è¡1åã®gã«ãããããšã«æ³šæã 4ãã6çªç®ã®é
ã¯ãå³äžã«åãã£ãŠã§ã¯ãªãå·Šäžã«åãã£ãŠ æžããŠãã£ãå€ãšãªãåæã«ããç®ããå€ã«(-1)ããããå¿
èŠãããã ãã®ãããªèšç®æ³ã ãµã©ã¹ã®å
¬åŒãšåŒã¶ããšãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ã4 * 4 以éã®è¡åã§ã¯ãã®ãããªç°¡åãªèšç®æ³ã¯ åŸãããªãã®ã§å®çŸ©ã«åŸã£ãŠããããã«èšç®ããŠããããšãæ±ããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡ååŒã¯éèŠãªæ§è³ªãšããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããæ§è³ªãæã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(:å°åº?)",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããããªãå®çŸ©ãäžããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠã mè¡ãšråãé€ããŠåŸããã(n-1)*(n-1)è¡åã®è¡ååŒãã è¡åAã®mè¡råã«é¢ããå°è¡ååŒãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããããåãšè¡ã1æ¬ãã€é€ããŠãåºæ¥ãè¡åã®è¡ååŒãåããš ãããå°è¡ååŒãšãªã£ãŠããããã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡ååŒã®èšç®ãç°¡åã«è¡ãªãããã åŒã®å±éãå°å
¥ããããã®æ¹æ³ãçšãããšã å€ãã®è¡ãšåãæã€è¡åã®è¡ååŒãæ¯èŒçç°¡åã«èšç®ã§ããã ãã ããå®éã«ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ã¯åºæ¬è¡åã«ããå€åœ¢ãšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿ãããããšã å€ãã®ã§ãããã ããèŠãŠãããã»ã©äŸ¿å©ãšã¯æããªãããç¥ããªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬è¡åã®å°å
¥",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡ååŒã®å±éãšã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã ããã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã mè¡kåã«é¢ããè¡åAã®å°è¡ååŒã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã¯n*nã®è¡åã®è¡ååŒã nåã®(n-1)*(n-1)è¡åã®è¡ååŒã®åã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããŠããã ãã®ããšããããã®æäœãè¡ååŒã®å±éãšåŒã¶ã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãn*nã®è¡ååŒã«ãã㊠mké
ãå«ãå€ã¯ã ä»ã«ãmè¡ãŸãã¯ãkåã«å«ãŸããé
ãå«ãã§ããŠã¯ãªããªãã (ããã¯ãè¡ååŒã«å«ãŸããå€ãããããnåã®æŽæ°ã®çœ®æã§ããã ãã®äžã§mè¡ãŸãã¯kåãè¡šããæ°ã¯ã1床ããå«ãŸããŠããªãããšã«ããã) ãŸããã以å€ã®é
ã¯ãå
šäœã®çœ®æãé
眮æã§ãã£ããåã®ç¬Šåã1ã«ãªãããã«ã å¥çœ®æã§ãã£ããåã®ç¬Šåã-1ã«ãªãããã«èšç®ããããã ããã¯ãŸããããmè¡ãškåãé€ãã(n-1)*(n-1)è¡åã®è¡ååŒã ããªãã¡mè¡kåã«é¢ããè¡åAã®å°è¡ååŒ ã« ä»ãªããªãã åæ§ã®èå¯ãè¡åäžã®ä»ã®é
ã«ã€ããŠãç¹°ãããããšã è¡ååŒã®å±éã®åŒãåŸãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã3è¡3åã®è¡ååŒã®èšç®ãè¡ãªããšãã è¡ååŒã®å±éã䜿ããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã2次ã®è¡åã®è¡ååŒã®èšç®ã«åž°çããã ããããã®å°è¡ååŒã®åã«ã€ã笊åãiè¡jåã§ãã£ãã ( â 1 ) i + j {\\displaystyle (-1)^{i+j}} ã«æ¯äŸããããšã«æ³šæã å®éã«ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸã ãšããŸãèšç®éãæžã£ãŠããæããããã å®éãããªã®ã ããç¹ã«ããè¡ãŸãã¯åã«ãã 1ã€ã ã0ã§ãªãæ°ã å
¥ã£ãŠãããæ®ãã¯å
šãŠ0ãšããè¡ãåãååšãããšãããã®è¡ååŒã® å±éã«ãã£ãŠn*nè¡åã¯ãã 1ã€ã®(n-1)*(n-1)è¡åã«åž°çããéåžžã« èšç®ã楜ã«ãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãç¡å³ä¹Ÿç¥ãªå®çŸ©ãç¶ãããããã°ã£ãŠãããããã å®ã¯ãã®éã¯ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ãçµãããšã»ãšãã©åºãŠæ¥ãªããªãã®ã§ å®çŸ©ãªã©ããªããŠããããããªãã®ãªã®ã ãããšã¯ãããã®éã 眮ããªããšã次ã®éè¡åã®èšè¿°ãéåžžã«å€§å€ã«ãªãã®ã§ã ããã§ã¯å°å
¥ããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããè¡ån*nè¡åAã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ãããè¡åCãè¡åAã®äœå åè¡åãšåŒã¶ã ãã㧠b j i {\\displaystyle b_{ji}} ã¯ã è¡åAã®è¡jåiã«é¢ããå°è¡ååŒã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã2*2è¡åã§ãã®å€ãèšç®ããŠã¿ãã å®éã«ã¯3*3è¡å以éã§ã¯ããããåŸãããã« n*nåã®è¡ååŒã®èšç®ãããã°ãªããªããªãã®ã§ã èšç®ã¯ããªã倧å€ã«ãªãããã®ãããããã§ã¯2*2è¡åã æ±ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2*2è¡åã§ã¯äœå åè¡åã2*2ãªã®ã§ã4ã€ã®å°è¡ååŒãèšç®ããã°ããã å®éã«ã¯2*2ã®è¡ååŒã®å°è¡ååŒã¯1*1ã®è¡åã®è¡ååŒããšããã 1*1ã®è¡åã¯ãã ã®æ°ã§ããã®ã§ äœå åè¡åã¯ç°¡åã«æ±ããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠå®éã«èšç®ãããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã£ãŠAã®äœå åè¡åCã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®åœ¢ã¯å®ã¯2*2è¡åã®éè¡åã®åœ¢ãšåã圢ãããŠããã ã€ãŸãããã®è¡åã¯Aã®éè¡åã«æ¯äŸããŠããã®ã§ããã å®ã¯ããã¯äžè¬çãªçµæã§ãããè¡åã®éè¡å㯠ãã®è¡åã®äœå åè¡åãå
ã®è¡åã®è¡ååŒã§å²ã£ããã®ã«ãªãã ãã ããAã®è¡ååŒã0ã«çãããšãã¯äŸå€ã§ããããã®ãšãè¡åA ã¯éè¡åãæããªãã 次ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãã®ããšã®äžè¬çãªèšŒæã äžããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯ãå
ã»ã©ã®çµæããŸãšããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããè¡åAã®éè¡åã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžãããã ããã§Cã¯ãAã®äœå åè¡åã§ããã ãã ããdet A ã0ã«çãããšããè¡åAã¯éè¡åãæããªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯å
·äœçã«è¡åACãèšç®ãã ãã®çµæã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çããããšã瀺ãã(Eã¯åäœè¡åã) äžè¬çã«ã第lè¡ã«ã€ããŠèããã(l = 1 , ... , nãšããã) ãã®ãšããACã®llèŠçŽ ãèãããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( b l m {\\displaystyle b_{lm}} ã¯ãè¡åAã®è¡lãåmã«é¢ããå°è¡ååŒã)",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(åŒã®å±éã®é) ãšãªããããã§ã¯ç¢ºãã«",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšäžèŽããçµæã«ãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãlè¡ã§ãiå(i = 1, ... , n : l 以å€) ã«ã€ã㊠ACãèãããããã§ã¯0ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ãè¡åAã§ãiè¡ç®ãlè¡ç®ã§çœ®ãæããè¡åã®è¡ååŒã«çããã è¡ååŒã§è¡åã®ãã¡ã®ããè¡ããããåãä»ã®è¡ãä»ã®åãšäžèŽããå Žåã ãã®2ã€ã®è¡ãŸãã¯åããã®å¯äžã¯å¿
ãæã¡æ¶ãããã ãã£ãŠiåããã®å¯äžã¯0ã«çããã ãã£ãŠæ±ããè¡å ACã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã(Cã¯Aã®äœå åè¡å) Aã®éè¡åã«çããããšãåãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãã£ãŠãããæ£æ¹è¡åãäžãããããšãããã®è¡åã® éè¡åãæ±ããäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ãåŸãããããã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®èšç®ã¯å€ãã®èšç®éãå¿
èŠãšããã®ã§ å®çšçãªèšç®ã«ã¯çšããããªãã å®çšçãªèšç®ã«ã¯ã¬ãŠã¹ã®æ¶å»æ³ã çšããããããšãå€ãã ã¬ãŠã¹ã®æ¶å»æ³ã¯èšç®æ©ç§åŠãæ°åŠã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã§æ±ãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäžæ¬¡æ¹çšåŒ",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãäžãããããšãã Aã®è¡ååŒã0ã§ãªããšãããã®è§£ã¯",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ãã®ãšãã A â 1 {\\displaystyle A^{-1}} ã«ã€ã㊠äžè¬çãªè¡šåŒãçšãããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã B i j {\\displaystyle B_{ij}} ã¯Aã®iè¡jåã«é¢ããå°è¡ååŒã§ããã A replaced {\\displaystyle A_{\\textrm {replaced}}} ã¯ãäžã§ç€ºãã i {\\displaystyle i} çªç®ã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠã¯è¡å A {\\displaystyle A} ã® i {\\displaystyle i} åç®ãåãã¯ãã« b â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {b}}} ã§çœ®ãæãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããçšããŠäžè¬çã«1次æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ãåŸãããããšãåãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããã©ããª1次æ¹çšåŒãçŸãããŠãç¬æã«çãåŸããããšããããšã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯èšç®ã倧å€ãªäºãå€ãã®ã§ããã®å
¬åŒã«é Œããªãæ¹æ³ãèšç®æ©ç§åŠã®åéãäžå¿ã«å€ãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯åºæ¬è¡åã䜿ã£ãæ¹æ³ãè¯ãç¥ãããŠããããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ãæžããããã¯ä»ã®æç¹ã§ã¯åãããªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "determinant ã0ã§ãããšãããã®è¡åã«ã¯ éè¡åãååšããªãã äŸãã°ã2次ã®è¡åA ã§ã¯ãdet A = ad - bc= 0 ã®ãšãããã®è¡åã«ã¯ éè¡åãååšããªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯å®éã«ã¯ãa/b = c/d ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã2ã€ã®çŽç·ã å¹³è¡ã§ããå Žåã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãã¯ãã«ã幟äœçãªãã¯ãã«ãšããŠåã£ãŠã¿ãã ã€ãŸãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããŠã¿ãããã®ãšãäžè¬çãª2*2è¡åã¯ããããã¯ãã«ã å¥ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ç§»ãåãããããšããããšãåºæ¥ãã äŸãã°ã è¡å",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å€æŽãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«å€ãã®è¡åã¯ãè¡åã¯ãã£ãšãããåºåºããšã£ãå Žåã 察è§åãããŠã¿ããã察è§åãšã¯ã©ãããããšããšãããšã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã§æžãããè¡åã®ããšã§ããã ãã ããããã§iã®åãåã£ãŠã¯ãããªãã ãã㧠Ύ i j {\\displaystyle \\delta _{ij}} ã¯ã¯ãããã«ã®ãã«ã¿ã§ããã®ã§ã ãã®åŒã¯ã察è§åãããè¡åã¯å¯Ÿè§èŠçŽ ã ããæã€è¡åã§ããããšã ããããã€ãŸããããè¡åã¯ããåºåºããšãããšã§ 察è§åãããŠèŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãšããèããŠã¿ãã ãã®è¡å㯠ãã¯ãã«(1 1)ã2åã®é·ãã«ãã (1 -1)ãé·ã0ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ããã å
šãŠã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯ããã2ã€ã®ãã¯ãã«ãçšããŠåŒµãããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ å
šãŠã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯ŸããAã®åäœãå€ã£ãããšã«ãªãã äŸãã°ã (2 0) = (1 1) + (1 -1) ãçšããã°ã A(2 0) = A((1 1) + (1 -1)) = 2(1 1) + 0 (1 -1) = (2 2) ãšãªãã ãŸãã A n {\\displaystyle A^{n}} (2 0) = 2 n {\\displaystyle 2^{n}} (1 1) = ( 2 n {\\displaystyle 2^{n}} 2 n {\\displaystyle 2^{n}} ) ãšãªãã ã€ãŸãã e 1 {\\displaystyle e_{1}} , e 2 {\\displaystyle e_{2}} ãšããè¡åãåã£ããšãã«ã¯ ãã®è¡åãäºãã«æ··ãåããããé·ããå€ãããæŽã«ã¯åããå€ããããš è€éãªãããã³ã°ãããŠããããã«ã¿ããè¡åããéåžžã«æ±ãæããªã£ãŠãã ã®ã§ããããã®ããã«è¡åãæãæ±ãæããªã ãã¯ãã«ãæ¢ãããšãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®äž»é¡ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡åAã«ã€ããŠãããã¯ãã«xã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãšããããåºæãã¯ãã«ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸã λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ãåºæå€ãšåŒã¶ã ããã¯å
ã»ã©ã§ãããšãè¡åã®åäœããã ã®å®æ°åã«ããŠããŸããã¯ãã«ã®ããšã§ããã ãã®ãããªãã¯ãã«ãèŠã€ãããããšéåžžã«éœåãè¯ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ¹çšåŒã¯å®éã«è§£ãããšãåºæ¥ãã å€ã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ããã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãçšããã (Eã¯åäœè¡åã) ããã¯äžèŠå¥ç°ã«æããããç¥ããªãããå
ã
1次æ¹çšåŒãèŠçŽ ããšã® é£ç«æ¹çšåŒã ã£ãããšããµãŸããŠãèŠçŽ ããšã®èšè¿°ã«æ»ã£ãŠ èšç®ããŠããåãå€ãåŸãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠããã®æ¹çšåŒã¯åžžã«x=0ãšãã解ãæã£ãŠããã ããããä»å¿
èŠãªã®ã¯x = 0ãšãã解ã§ã¯ãªãã0ã§ãªãxã§ããã ããã§ã仮㫠A â λ E {\\displaystyle A-\\lambda E} ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºãããšãããšããã®è¡åã¯ãã 1ã€ã®è§£ãæã¡ã ãã®è§£ã¯x=0ã§ããã ããã¯ãã®ãšãã«ã¯ A â λ E {\\displaystyle A-\\lambda E} ãéè¡åãæã€ããšããããã«ãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãä»®ã«è¡åAããã0ã§ãªãåºæãã¯ãã«ãæã€ãšããã°ã ãããªããšã det ( A â λ E ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\det(A-\\lambda E)=0} ãšãªããªããã°ãªããªãã ãããããã°ããã®ããšã®å¿
èŠæ¡ä»¶ã¯ det ( A â λ E ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\det(A-\\lambda E)=0} ãšãªãã ãã®æ¹çšåŒãåºææ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ããã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã«é¢ããn次ã®ä»£æ°æ¹çšåŒã§ããã nã倧ãããšãã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãšãã圢ã§è§£ãããšã¯éããªãã ãã ãããã®åŒã¯å¿
ãè€çŽ æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§nåã®è§£ãæã€ããšã ç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºææ¹çšåŒã«ã¯æ§ã
ãªå Žåãããã äŸãšããŠãå
šãŠã®è§£ãåæ ¹ã§ãããšãããããã€ãã®éæ ¹ããããšãã ããã äžè¬ã«å
šãŠã®è§£ãåæ ¹ã§ãããšãã«ã¯ãããããã®åºæå€ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã åºæãã¯ãã«ããã 1ã€ãã€ååšããå
ã®è¡åã¯å®å
šã«å¯Ÿè§å ãããããšãç¥ãããŠããããã®ãšã察è§æåã« çŸãããæ°ã¯ããã®åºæãã¯ãã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããåºæå€ã§ããã ãŸããäžè¬ã«",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããè¡åã¯å¯Ÿè§åãããããšãç¥ãããŠããã éèŠãªäŸãšããŠãŠãã¿ãªè¡åããšã«ããŒãè¡åãçŽäº€è¡åã察称è¡åãªã©ã¯ 察è§åå¯èœã§ãããå®éç©çãªã©ã§ã§ãŠããã®ã¯å€ãããã®å Žåã§ããã ç¹ã«ãšã«ããŒãè¡åã®å¯Ÿè§åã¯ãéåååŠã®å®åŒåã«ãã㊠éèŠãªäœçœ®ãå ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã€ãã®éæ ¹ããããšãã«ã¯ãè¡åã¯å¿
ããã察è§åããããšã¯éããªãã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯å¯Ÿè§åå¯èœã§ããããšããããæ¢ã«å¯Ÿè§åãããŠããã ãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªè¡åã察è§åããããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãã ãã®ãããªå Žåã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãžã§ã«ãã³æšæºåãšåŒã°ãã æãç°¡åãªåœ¢ã«åž°çãããããšãæ
£ç¿çã«ãªã£ãŠããã ãžã§ã«ãã³æšæºåã«ã€ããŠã¯ããããæ°åŠã®ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°ã§ æ±ãããããåŸã«ãå°ãæ±ãã äžã®å¯Ÿè§åã§ããªãè¡åã¯å®éã«ã¯æ¢ã«ãžã§ã«ãã³æšæºåã®åœ¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯å
žåçãªå Žåãããã€ã解æããŠã¿ãã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ã åºææ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ããã§ãã®åºææ¹çšåŒã¯å
šãŠã®æ ¹ãåæ ¹ã§ããã®ã§ã ãããã®åºæå€ã«ã¯ãããã1ã€ãã€ã®åºæãã¯ãã«ã察å¿ãã ãããã«ãã£ãŠè¡åã察è§åãããããšãæåŸ
ãããã å®éãåºæãã¯ãã«ã2æ¬ãããªãããã®æ¹åã«é¢ããŠã¯ ãã®è¡åãè¯ãæ¯èãããããšããæ¹åã2æ¬åãã£ãŠããããšã«ãªãã ãããŠãããã§ã¯2次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãèããŠããã®ã§ã ãããã®2æ¬ã ãã§äœãåŸãå
šãŠã®ãã¯ãã«ãäœãããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ã å
ã®è¡åãå
šãŠã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ã€ããŠè¯ãæ¯èããããããšã¯ããæå³ã§ åœç¶ã§ãããšæãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãåŸãããåºæå€ã ããšããšã®åŒ",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ä»£å
¥ããããšã§åºæãã¯ãã«ãæ±ããããã ãã®æäœã¯å°ãããªãããŒã«æããããç¥ããªããã ãããããã®ã ãšæã£ãŠãããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã λ = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lambda =0} ã«å¯ŸããŠãäžã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã2ã€ã®æ¹çšåŒãåãæ¹çšåŒã«ãªãããšã«æ³šæã ããã¯ãã㮠λ {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ã«å¯Ÿã㊠A â λ E {\\displaystyle A-\\lambda E} ã®è¡ååŒã0ã«ãªãããšããã®åž°çµãšèŠãããšã åºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºãããã¯ãã«ã¯å
šãŠãã®åºæå€ã«é¢ããåºæãã¯ãã«ãšãªãã ãã¯ãã«ã®é·ãã¯èªç±ã«éžãã§è¯ãã äŸãã°ãããããæãç°¡æãªã®ã¯",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããã㯠λ = 0 {\\displaystyle \\lambda =0} ã«é¢ãã åºæãã¯ãã«ãšãªãã å®éã«ã¯ããã¯ãã«ã®é·ãã1ã«ããããã«èŠæ Œåãè¡ãªãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããã®ãããçšããããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "λ = 2 {\\displaystyle \\lambda =2} ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãäŸãã°",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ããã§ãã®è¡åã¯å
šãŠã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠè¯ãæ¯èãã ããããšãåºæ¥ãããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã»ã©ãè¿°ã¹ãéãã 察è§åã¯å
šãŠã®è¡åã«ã€ããŠåºæ¥ããšã¯éããªãã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯å¯Ÿè§åå¯èœã§ãããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯å¯Ÿè§åäžå¯èœã§ããã åé¡ã¯ã åºæå€ Î» {\\displaystyle \\lambda } ãé解ãæã£ããšã åºæãã¯ãã«ã®åŒµããã¯ãã«ã®æ¬¡å
ã å
åãªèªç±åºŠãæããªãããšããããããšããããšã«ããã ãã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãåºæãã¯ãã«ãããã æ¹çšåŒã¯ã x 2 = 0 {\\displaystyle x_{2}=0} ã«åž°çãããããããæºãããã¯ãã«ã¯ (a 0) (aã¯ä»»æã®å®æ°)ã§ããã1次å
ã§ããç¡ãã ãã®ãããåºæãã¯ãã«ãå
åãªæ°ã ããšããªããšããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã ãã®ãããªå Žåã¯å¯Ÿè§åã¯åççã«äžå¯èœãªã®ã§ããã ãã®ãšãã«ã¯ã代ããã«ãžã§ã«ãã³æšæºåãšãã圢åŒã䜿ãããããšã å€ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯è¡åã®å¯Ÿè§åã®å¿çšãšããŠã2次圢åŒã®èšç®ãæ±ãã å®éã®èšç®ã§ã¯2次åŒã®èšç®ãæ±ãããšãè¯ãããã äŸãã°ã2次å
ã®æŸç©ç·åããã³ã·ã£ã«ãèãããšããããæ¹åãåãããšã§ æŸç©ç·ãéåžžã«ç°¡åã«èŠããããšãããããã®ãããªããšã®ããã« è¡åã®å¯Ÿè§åã®èšç®ã䜿ãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«n*nåã®æå x 1 , ⯠x n {\\displaystyle x_{1},\\cdots x_{n}} ãçšããŠæžããã2次åŒã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åœ¢ã§æžããããã ããA,xãšãã«å®æ°ããåãåŸãªããã®ãšããã ããã§ã䟿å®äžAã¯å¯Ÿç§°ãªè¡åãšããã äŸãã°ã x 2 + x y + y 2 {\\displaystyle x^{2}+xy+y^{2}} ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšéžã¹ã°ããããã®ããã«ãããŸãæ°å€ãéžã¶ããšã§ã2次圢åŒã® è¡åã¯å¿
ã察称ã«éžã¹ãã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "察称è¡åã®å¯Ÿè§åãçšãããšã ããçŽäº€è¡åOãçšããŠã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããããã§Bã¯å¯Ÿè§è¡åã§ããã Ox = y ãšå®çŸ©ããããšã§ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã å³èŸºã®åœ¢ã2次圢åŒã®æšæºåãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã 2ã€ã®2æ¬¡åœ¢åŒ x 2 â y 2 {\\displaystyle x^{2}-y^{2}} ãšã 2 x y {\\displaystyle 2xy} ã¯ãåäžã®æšæºåããã€ã çŽäº€è¡åOã¯ã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã x 2 â y 2 = 1 {\\displaystyle x^{2}-y^{2}=1} ã®ã°ã©ãã¯ã 2xy = 1 ã®ã°ã©ãã Ï / 4 {\\displaystyle \\pi /4} å転ãããŠã¿ããã®ã« çããããšãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã çµå± 2 x y {\\displaystyle 2xy} ãèŠããšãã«ã¯ã°ã©ããåŸããŠã¿ãã®ãåããããã解æãã ã®ã«è¯ãæ¹æ³ã§ããããã®ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãå®ã¯è¡åã®å¯Ÿè§åãšå¯Ÿå¿ããŠãã ãšããããšã§ããã",
"title": "ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°"
}
] | ç©çæ°åŠI > ç·åœ¢ä»£æ° | <small> [[ç©çæ°åŠI]] > ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°</small>
----
==ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°==
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\begin{pmatrix}
a _{11}&a _{12}\\
a _{21}&a _{22}\\
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
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:<math>
\begin{pmatrix}
a _{11}& \cdots & a _{1n} \\
&\cdots &\\
a _{n1}& \cdots & a _{nn}
\end{pmatrix}
\times
\begin{pmatrix}
b _{11}& \cdots & b _{1n} \\
&\cdots &\\
b _{n1}& \cdots & b _{nn}
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
\sum _i a _{1i} b _{i1} & \cdots & \sum _i a _{1i} b _{in}\\
&\cdots &\\
\sum _i a _{ni} b _{i1} & \cdots & \sum _i a _{ni} b _{in}\\
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ã§äžããããããããã¯2*2,3*3ãªã©ã®è¡åã®æŒç®ã®
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:<math>
(a b ) _{ij} = \Sigma _k (a _{ik} b _{kj} )
</math>
ãšæžãããããšãããã
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n*mè¡åãšm*lè¡åã®ããã«(n,m,lã¯æ£ã®æŽæ°ã)åã®è¡åã®åã®æ°ãšåŸã®è¡åã®è¡ã®æ°ã
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EA = AE = A
</math>
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a _{11}x _1 + \cdots a _{1n}x _n = b _1
</math>
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a _{n1}x _1 + \cdots a _{nn}x _n = b _n
</math>
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x = A^{-1} b
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\end{pmatrix}
</math>
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</math>,
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</math>,
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1\rightarrow 2 , 2 \rightarrow 1 ,3\rightarrow 3
</math>,
:<math>
1\rightarrow 2 , 2 \rightarrow 3 ,3\rightarrow 1
</math>,
:<math>
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</math>,
:<math>
1\rightarrow 3 , 2 \rightarrow 2 ,3\rightarrow 1
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\begin{matrix}
\textrm{det} A \\
=& a _{11}a _{22} - a _{12}a _{21}\\
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=& ad -bc
\end{matrix}
</math>
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\begin{matrix}
A =
\begin{pmatrix}
a&b&c\\
d&e&f\\
g&h&i\\
\end{pmatrix}
\\
=a _{11}a _{22}a _{33}+
a _{12}a _{23}a _{31}+
a _{13}a _{21}a _{32}-
a _{11}a _{23}a _{32}-
a _{13}a _{22}a _{31}-
a _{12}a _{21}a _{33} \\
=aei + bfg + cdh - afh - bdi -ceg
\end{matrix}
</math>
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\end{pmatrix}
</math>
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A =
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a_{11} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\
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a_{n1} & \cdots & a_{nn}
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ã«å¯ŸããŠã
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\det A = \sum _{k = 1} ^n (-1) ^{m+k} a _{mk} b _{mk}
</math>,ãŸãã¯
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\det A = \sum _{k = 1} ^n (-1) ^{r+k} a _{kr} b _{kr}
</math>
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b _{mk}
</math>
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\begin{pmatrix}
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\end{pmatrix}
= a
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\begin{pmatrix}
e&f\\
j&i
\end{pmatrix}
- b
\det
\begin{pmatrix}
d&f\\
k&i
\end{pmatrix}
+c
\det
\begin{pmatrix}
d&e\\
k&j
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
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</math>
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c _{11} = b _{11}=a _{22} = d
</math>
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c _{12} = -b _{21}= -a _{12} = -b
</math>
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c _{21} = -b _{12}= -a _{21} = -c
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c _{22} = b _{22}= a _{11} = a
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C =
\begin{pmatrix}
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</math>
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\sum _{m=1} ^ n a _{lm} c _{ml}
</math>
:<math>
=\sum _{m=1} ^ n a _{lm} (-1)^{m+ l} b _{lm}
</math>,
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=\det A
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b _i = \frac 1 {\det A}
\begin{vmatrix}
a _{11} & \cdots & a _{1,i-1}&b _1 & a _{1,i+1}&\cdots &a _{1n}\\
&&&\cdots&&&\\
a _{n1} & \cdots & a _{n,i-1}&b _n & a _{n,i+1}&\cdots &a _{nn}
\end{vmatrix}
</math>
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\end{matrix}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:ããããã ããã}}
[[ã«ããŽãª:ç·åœ¢ä»£æ°åŠ]] | 2005-06-24T10:35:36Z | 2024-03-15T18:10:34Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Main"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6I_%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0 |
2,179 | ãã€ãèª Deutscher Text 1 |
Frank ist ein MÃŒnchner. Heute fÀhrt er Rad, denn Radfahren macht ihm SpaÃ. Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg.
In FÃŒrstenfeldbruck trifft Frank eine Frau. Die Frau fÀhrt auch Rad. "Wie heiÃen Sie?" fragt Frank. "Ich heiÃe Maria" sagt die Frau. "Fahren Sie auch nach Augsburg?" fragt Frank. "Nein, ich fahre zum Tennisplatz. Ich spiele Tennis." "Ohh, Tennis ist schwer!" "Aber nein! Tennis spielen macht SpaÃ. Tennis ist einfach!"
Frank fÀhrt weiter. "Auf Wiedersehen" ruft er. "Auf Wiedersehen" sagt die Frau.
Frank fÀhrt nach Mering. In Mering bekommt Frank Hunger. Frank isst ein Brot mit KÀse und ein Brot mit Wurst. Das Brot ist alt und hart. Aber der KÀse ist weich und die Wurst ist frisch. Die Brote sind lecker!
Frank hat auch Durst. Er trinkt ein Bier und isst Obst. Das Obst ist sauer.
Frank fÀhrt weiter. In Augsburg besucht er seine Freundin Martina. Martina wohnt in Augsburg. Sie ist Studentin. Martina studiert Japanisch. Sie sagt zu Frank: "Konban wa!" Frank freut sich. | [
{
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{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frank ist ein MÃŒnchner. Heute fÀhrt er Rad, denn Radfahren macht ihm SpaÃ. Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg.",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "In FÃŒrstenfeldbruck trifft Frank eine Frau. Die Frau fÀhrt auch Rad. \"Wie heiÃen Sie?\" fragt Frank. \"Ich heiÃe Maria\" sagt die Frau. \"Fahren Sie auch nach Augsburg?\" fragt Frank. \"Nein, ich fahre zum Tennisplatz. Ich spiele Tennis.\" \"Ohh, Tennis ist schwer!\" \"Aber nein! Tennis spielen macht SpaÃ. Tennis ist einfach!\"",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frank fÀhrt weiter. \"Auf Wiedersehen\" ruft er. \"Auf Wiedersehen\" sagt die Frau.",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frank fÀhrt nach Mering. In Mering bekommt Frank Hunger. Frank isst ein Brot mit KÀse und ein Brot mit Wurst. Das Brot ist alt und hart. Aber der KÀse ist weich und die Wurst ist frisch. Die Brote sind lecker!",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frank hat auch Durst. Er trinkt ein Bier und isst Obst. Das Obst ist sauer.",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frank fÀhrt weiter. In Augsburg besucht er seine Freundin Martina. Martina wohnt in Augsburg. Sie ist Studentin. Martina studiert Japanisch. Sie sagt zu Frank: \"Konban wa!\" Frank freut sich.",
"title": "Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg"
}
] | [[ç»å:Deutschertext1.ogg|ã¬ã³ãŒã (æ£åžžãªé床)]]
[[ç»å:Deutschertext1l.ogg|ã¬ã³ãŒã (é
ãé床)]]
==Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg==
[[Image:Munich_skyline.jpg|thumb|left|250px|MÃŒnchen]]
Frank ist ein MÃŒnchner. Heute fÀhrt er Rad, denn Radfahren macht ihm SpaÃ. Frank fÀhrt nach Augsburg.
[[Image:Daniela_Hantuchova.jpg|right|thumb|120px|Maria spielt Tennis.]]
In FÃŒrstenfeldbruck trifft Frank eine Frau. Die Frau fÀhrt auch Rad. "Wie heiÃen Sie?" fragt Frank. "Ich heiÃe Maria" sagt die Frau. "Fahren Sie auch nach Augsburg?" fragt Frank. "Nein, ich fahre zum Tennisplatz. Ich spiele Tennis."
"Ohh, Tennis ist schwer!" "Aber nein! Tennis spielen macht SpaÃ. Tennis ist einfach!"
Frank fÀhrt weiter. "Auf Wiedersehen" ruft er. "Auf Wiedersehen" sagt die Frau.
Frank fÀhrt nach Mering. In Mering bekommt Frank Hunger. Frank isst ein Brot mit KÀse und ein Brot mit Wurst. Das Brot ist alt und hart. Aber der KÀse ist weich und die Wurst ist frisch. Die Brote sind lecker!
[[Image:Beer_wuerzburger_hofbraue_v.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Das Bier ist lecker!]]
[[Image:Orange-fruit-2.jpg|thumb|right|80px|Eine Orange (Obst)]]
Frank hat auch Durst. Er trinkt ein Bier und isst Obst. Das Obst ist sauer.
Frank fÀhrt weiter. In Augsburg besucht er seine Freundin Martina. Martina wohnt in Augsburg. Sie ist Studentin. Martina studiert Japanisch. Sie sagt zu Frank: "Konban wa!" Frank freut sich.
[[Image:0504-augsburg-stulrichstafra.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Augsburg]]
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|T 1]] | null | 2006-12-03T16:13:17Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_Deutscher_Text_1 |
|
2,180 | ãã€ãèª Deutscher Text 2 | Melanie hat Geburtstag und Manfred möchte ihr ein Geschenk kaufen. Manfred geht in einen Laden. Im Laden ist ein Mann. Manfred grÃŒÃt den Mann und der Mann grÃŒÃt Manfred.
Im Laden ist ein Regal. In diesem Regal ist ein Pullover und ein lederner Hut. Der Pullover ist gelb. Manfred gefÀllt der Pullover nicht. Der lederne Hut ist grau und blau. Melanie mag lederne HÌte.
In jenem Regal ist eine Sonnenbrille. Die Sonnenbrille gefÀllt Manfred. Manfred Ìberlegt. Die Aufgabe ist schwer. Der Hut oder die Sonnenbrille?
Der Mann gibt Manfred ein altes Foto. Auf dem Foto ist ein kleines Kind und ein groÃer Kuchen. Das Kind isst den Kuchen und trÀgt einen ledernen Hut und eine Sonnenbrille. Manfred gefÀllt das Foto sehr. Er kauft das Foto fÃŒr Melanie. | [
{
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"text": "Melanie hat Geburtstag und Manfred möchte ihr ein Geschenk kaufen. Manfred geht in einen Laden. Im Laden ist ein Mann. Manfred grÃŒÃt den Mann und der Mann grÃŒÃt Manfred.",
"title": "Manfred kauft ein Geschenk"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Im Laden ist ein Regal. In diesem Regal ist ein Pullover und ein lederner Hut. Der Pullover ist gelb. Manfred gefÀllt der Pullover nicht. Der lederne Hut ist grau und blau. Melanie mag lederne HÌte.",
"title": "Manfred kauft ein Geschenk"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "In jenem Regal ist eine Sonnenbrille. Die Sonnenbrille gefÀllt Manfred. Manfred Ìberlegt. Die Aufgabe ist schwer. Der Hut oder die Sonnenbrille?",
"title": "Manfred kauft ein Geschenk"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Der Mann gibt Manfred ein altes Foto. Auf dem Foto ist ein kleines Kind und ein groÃer Kuchen. Das Kind isst den Kuchen und trÀgt einen ledernen Hut und eine Sonnenbrille. Manfred gefÀllt das Foto sehr. Er kauft das Foto fÃŒr Melanie.",
"title": "Manfred kauft ein Geschenk"
}
] | null | ==Manfred kauft ein Geschenk==
[[Image:Bredevoort_008.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Ein Laden]]
Melanie hat Geburtstag und Manfred möchte ihr ein Geschenk kaufen. Manfred geht in einen Laden. Im Laden ist ein Mann. Manfred grÃŒÃt den Mann und der Mann grÃŒÃt Manfred.
Im Laden ist ein Regal. In diesem Regal ist ein Pullover und ein lederner Hut. Der Pullover ist gelb. Manfred gefÀllt der Pullover nicht. Der lederne Hut ist grau und blau. Melanie mag lederne HÌte.
[[Image:Sunglasses.jpg|thumb|left|100px|eine Sonnenbrille]]
In jenem Regal ist eine Sonnenbrille. Die Sonnenbrille gefÀllt Manfred. Manfred Ìberlegt. Die Aufgabe ist schwer. Der Hut oder die Sonnenbrille?
Der Mann gibt Manfred ein altes Foto. Auf dem Foto ist ein kleines Kind und ein groÃer Kuchen. Das Kind isst den Kuchen und trÀgt einen ledernen Hut und eine Sonnenbrille. Manfred gefÀllt das Foto sehr. Er kauft das Foto fÃŒr Melanie.
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|T 2]] | null | 2008-02-28T13:19:01Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_Deutscher_Text_2 |
2,184 | ãã€ãèª Deutscher Text 3 | Frau Huber geht zum Einkaufen auf den Markt. Frau Huber möchte GemÃŒse und Obst einkaufen. Der Markt ist direkt neben der Bibliothek.
Der VerkÀufer lacht.
Frau Huber gibt dem VerkÀufer zehn Euro und der VerkÀufer gibt Frau Huber zwei Euro zurÌck. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frau Huber geht zum Einkaufen auf den Markt. Frau Huber möchte GemÌse und Obst einkaufen. Der Markt ist direkt neben der Bibliothek.",
"title": "Wie viel kostet das?"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Der VerkÀufer lacht.",
"title": "Wie viel kostet das?"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Frau Huber gibt dem VerkÀufer zehn Euro und der VerkÀufer gibt Frau Huber zwei Euro zurÌck.",
"title": "Wie viel kostet das?"
}
] | null | ==Wie viel kostet das?==
[[Image:Market in Cambodia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|ein Markt]]
Frau Huber geht zum Einkaufen auf den Markt. Frau Huber möchte GemÌse und Obst einkaufen. Der Markt ist direkt neben der Bibliothek.
:Der VerkÀufer: "Einen schönen guten Morgen! Was möchten Sie kaufen?"
:Frau Huber: "Guten Morgen! Bitte geben Sie mir zwei Kilo Kartoffeln und ein Kilo Zwiebeln."
:Der VerkÀufer: "Welche Zwiebeln wollen Sie? Ich habe groÃe und kleine Zwiebeln."
:Frau Huber: "Hmm. Geben Sie mir ein halbes Kilo groÃe Zwiebeln und ein halbes Kilo kleine Zwiebeln."
:Der VerkÀufer: "Gerne! Ein halb und ein halb macht nicht immer ein Ganzes."
[[Image:KildLaughing.jpg|thumb|left|120px|Das Kind lacht.]]
Der VerkÀufer lacht.
:Frau Huber: "Da haben Sie recht! Wo sind denn die Bohnen?"
:Der VerkÀufer: "Die Bohnen sind dort drÌben. Möchten Sie lieber grÌne Bohnen oder gelbe?"
[[Image:Carotte.JPG|thumb|right|80px|eine Karotte]]
[[Image:Tomaten im Supermarktregal.jpg|thumb|right|80px|Tomaten]]
:Frau Huber: "Geben Sie mir ein Kilo grÌne Bohnen. Und dann möchte ich noch fÌnf Karotten und sechs Tomaten."
[[Image:PearPhoto.jpg|thumb|left|100px|eine Birne]]
:Der VerkÀufer: "Hier, probieren Sie mal unsere Birnen."
:Frau Huber: "Oh, sind die lecker. Geben Sie mir zweieinhalb (=2 1/2) Kilo. Wieviel kostet das?"
:Der VerkÀufer: "Zwei Kilo Kartoffeln, ein Kilo Zwiebeln halb und halb, ein Kilo grÌne Bohnen, fÌnf Karotten, sechs Tomaten und zweieinhalb Kilo Birnen. Das macht acht Euro."
Frau Huber gibt dem VerkÀufer zehn Euro und der VerkÀufer gibt Frau Huber zwei Euro zurÌck.
:Der VerkÀufer: "Vielen Dank."
:Frau Huber: "Auf Wiedersehen."
[[Category:ãã€ãèª åçŽ|T 3]] | null | 2006-12-03T16:03:52Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E_Deutscher_Text_3 |
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[[ã«ããŽãª:æ¥æ¬ã®æŽå²|ãããã]] | null | 2020-08-01T15:42:58Z | [
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åºæ¬ãã¯ãã« e i {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}} ã e i = ( ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 3 i ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}={\begin{pmatrix}\delta _{1i}\\\delta _{2i}\\\delta _{3i}\end{pmatrix}}} ãšãããããªãã¡ã e 1 = ( 1 0 0 ) , e 2 = ( 0 1 0 ) , e 3 = ( 0 0 1 ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{1}={\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix}},{\boldsymbol {e}}_{2}={\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\\0\end{pmatrix}},{\boldsymbol {e}}_{3}={\begin{pmatrix}0\\0\\1\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã
â = ( â â x â â y â â z ) {\displaystyle \nabla ={\begin{pmatrix}{\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}\\{\frac {\partial }{\partial y}}\\{\frac {\partial }{\partial z}}\end{pmatrix}}} ãããã©ãšããã
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Î := â â
â = â 2 â x 2 + â 2 â y 2 + â 2 â z 2 {\displaystyle \Delta :=\nabla \cdot \nabla ={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}} ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãšãããã¹ã«ã©ãŒé¢æ° f {\displaystyle f} ã«ã€ã㊠Πf = â 2 f â x 2 + â 2 f â y 2 + â 2 f â z 2 {\displaystyle \Delta f={\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial z^{2}}}} ã§ããããã¯ãã«é¢æ° A {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}} ã«ã€ã㊠ΠA = ( â 2 A x â x 2 + â 2 A x â y 2 + â 2 A x â z 2 â 2 A y â x 2 + â 2 A y â y 2 + â 2 A y â z 2 â 2 A z â x 2 + â 2 A z â y 2 + â 2 A z â z 2 ) {\displaystyle \Delta {\boldsymbol {A}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\partial z^{2}}}\\{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\partial z^{2}}}\\{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\partial z^{2}}}\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã
以äžã§ã¯ãç°¡åã®ããã«ãã¯ãã« A {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}} ã® x {\displaystyle x} æå A x {\displaystyle A_{x}} ã A 1 {\displaystyle A_{1}} ã y {\displaystyle y} æå A y {\displaystyle A_{y}} ã A 2 {\displaystyle A_{2}} ã z {\displaystyle z} æå A z {\displaystyle A_{z}} ã A 3 {\displaystyle A_{3}} ãšæžããå埮åã«ã€ããŠã â â x = â x = â 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}=\partial _{x}=\partial _{1}} ãªã©ãšããããã¯ãã« A {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}} 㮠第iæå A i {\displaystyle A_{i}} ã [ A ] i {\displaystyle [{\boldsymbol {A}}]_{i}} ãšæžãã
ãã¯ãã«ã®å€ç© A à B {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}} ã®ç¬¬iæå [ A à B ] i {\displaystyle [{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{i}} ã¯
[ A à B ] i = â j , k ε i j k A j B k {\displaystyle [{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{i}=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}B_{k}}
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â j , k ε 1 j k A j B k = ε 123 A 2 B 3 + ε 132 A 3 B 2 = A 2 B 3 â A 3 B 2 = [ A à B ] 1 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{1jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\varepsilon _{123}A_{2}B_{3}+\varepsilon _{132}A_{3}B_{2}\\&=A_{2}B_{3}-A_{3}B_{2}\\&=[{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{1}\end{aligned}}}
â j , k ε 2 j k A j B k = ε 213 A 1 B 3 + ε 231 A 3 B 1 = A 3 B 1 â A 1 B 3 = [ A à B ] 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{2jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\varepsilon _{213}A_{1}B_{3}+\varepsilon _{231}A_{3}B_{1}\\&=A_{3}B_{1}-A_{1}B_{3}\\&=[{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{2}\end{aligned}}}
â j , k ε 3 j k A j B k = ε 312 A 1 B 2 + ε 321 A 2 B 1 = A 1 B 2 â A 2 B 1 = [ A à B ] 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{3jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\varepsilon _{312}A_{1}B_{2}+\varepsilon _{321}A_{2}B_{1}\\&=A_{1}B_{2}-A_{2}B_{1}\\&=[{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{3}\end{aligned}}}
ãšãªããäžã®åŒã«ãããŠã â j , k ε 1 j k A j B k {\displaystyle \sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{1jk}A_{j}B_{k}} ãå±éãããš9ã€ã®é
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ã ããæ®ããããªãã¡ã j = 2 , j = 3 {\displaystyle j=2,j=3} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããé
(察å¿ãã k {\displaystyle k} 㯠{ 1 , 2 , 3 } {\displaystyle \{1,2,3\}} ã®ãã¡1ã§ã j {\displaystyle j} ã§ããªããã®)ã ε 123 , ε 132 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{123},\varepsilon _{132}} ã®é
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å®ç
ε i j k = | e i e j e k | = e i â
( e j à e k ) = | ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 1 j ÎŽ 1 k ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 2 j ÎŽ 2 k ÎŽ 3 i ÎŽ 3 j ÎŽ 3 k | {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\cdot ({\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\times {\boldsymbol {e}}_{k})={\begin{vmatrix}\delta _{1i}&\delta _{1j}&\delta _{1k}\\\delta _{2i}&\delta _{2j}&\delta _{2k}\\\delta _{3i}&\delta _{3j}&\delta _{3k}\end{vmatrix}}} ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
| e 1 e 2 e 3 | = | 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 | = 1 = ε 123 {\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol {e}}_{1}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{2}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{3}|={\begin{vmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{vmatrix}}=1=\varepsilon _{123}} ã§ããã
ãããšãè¡ååŒã®æ§è³ªããã | e i e j e k | {\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|} ã¯å察称ã§ããããšããã ε i j k = | e i e j e k | {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|} ãåŸãã
| e i e j e k | = e i â
( e j à e k ) {\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\cdot ({\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\times {\boldsymbol {e}}_{k})} ã«ã€ããŠã¯çŽæ¥èšç®ããã°ããã
åºæ¬ãã¯ãã«ã®å®çŸ© e i = ( ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 3 i ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}={\begin{pmatrix}\delta _{1i}\\\delta _{2i}\\\delta _{3i}\end{pmatrix}}} ã代å
¥ããŠã | e i e j e k | = | ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 1 j ÎŽ 1 k ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 2 j ÎŽ 2 k ÎŽ 3 i ÎŽ 3 j ÎŽ 3 k | {\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\begin{vmatrix}\delta _{1i}&\delta _{1j}&\delta _{1k}\\\delta _{2i}&\delta _{2j}&\delta _{2k}\\\delta _{3i}&\delta _{3j}&\delta _{3k}\end{vmatrix}}} ãåŸãã
å®ç
ε i j k ε l m n = | ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ i n ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m ÎŽ k n | = ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k n â ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k m ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k n ) + ÎŽ i n ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{lmn}={\begin{vmatrix}\delta _{il}&\delta _{im}&\delta _{in}\\\delta _{jl}&\delta _{jm}&\delta _{jn}\\\delta _{kl}&\delta _{km}&\delta _{kn}\end{vmatrix}}=\delta _{il}\left(\delta _{jm}\delta _{kn}-\delta _{jn}\delta _{km}\right)+\delta _{im}\left(\delta _{jn}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{kn}\right)+\delta _{in}\left(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl}\right)} ã§ããã
蚌æ
ε i j k = | e i e j e k | , ε l m n = | e l e m e n | {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|,\,\varepsilon _{lmn}=|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|} ãã
ε i j k ε l m n = | e i e j e k | | e l e m e n | = | e i T e j T e k T | | e l e m e n | = | e i T e l e i T e m e i T e n e j T e l e j T e m e j T e n e k T e l e k T e m e k T e n | = | Ύ i l Ύ i m Ύ i n Ύ j l Ύ j m Ύ j n Ύ k l Ύ k m Ύ k n | . {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{lmn}=|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}||{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|={\begin{vmatrix}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}\\{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}\\{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}\end{vmatrix}}|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|={\begin{vmatrix}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\\{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\\{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\end{vmatrix}}={\begin{vmatrix}\delta _{il}&\delta _{im}&\delta _{in}\\\delta _{jl}&\delta _{jm}&\delta _{jn}\\\delta _{kl}&\delta _{km}&\delta _{kn}\end{vmatrix}}.}
ãŸãã äœå åå±éãããŠã | ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ i n ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m ÎŽ k n | = ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k n â ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k m ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k n ) + ÎŽ i n ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) {\displaystyle {\begin{vmatrix}\delta _{il}&\delta _{im}&\delta _{in}\\\delta _{jl}&\delta _{jm}&\delta _{jn}\\\delta _{kl}&\delta _{km}&\delta _{kn}\end{vmatrix}}=\delta _{il}\left(\delta _{jm}\delta _{kn}-\delta _{jn}\delta _{km}\right)+\delta _{im}\left(\delta _{jn}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{kn}\right)+\delta _{in}\left(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl}\right)} ãåŸãã
å®ç
ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ã â {\displaystyle \sum } ã®ããããã®æ·»åã¯1,2,3ãæ©ããšããèŠçŽãæ¡çšããŠããã
蚌æ
ε i j k ε i l m = | 1 ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j i ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m | = ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k i ) {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ilm}={\begin{vmatrix}1&\delta _{il}&\delta _{im}\\\delta _{ji}&\delta _{jl}&\delta _{jm}\\\delta _{ki}&\delta _{kl}&\delta _{km}\end{vmatrix}}=(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl})-\delta _{il}(\delta _{ji}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{ki})+\delta _{im}(\delta _{ji}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{ki})} ãã
â i ε i j k ε i l m = â i [ ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k i ) ] = 3 ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) + ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m ) = ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\sum _{i}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ilm}&=\sum _{i}[(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl})-\delta _{il}(\delta _{ji}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{ki})+\delta _{im}(\delta _{ji}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{ki})]\\&=3(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl})-(\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl})+(\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{km})\\&=\delta _{jl}\delta _{km}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{kl}\end{aligned}}}
â i , j ε i j k ε i j l = â j â i ε i j k ε i j l = â j ( ÎŽ j j ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k j ) = 3 ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ k l = 2 ÎŽ k l {\displaystyle \sum _{i,j}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ijl}=\sum _{j}\sum _{i}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ijl}=\sum _{j}(\delta _{jj}\delta _{kl}-\delta _{jl}\delta _{kj})=3\delta _{kl}-\delta _{kl}=2\delta _{kl}}
â i , j , k ε i j k ε i j k = â k â i , j ε i j k ε i j k = â k 2 ÎŽ k k = 6 {\displaystyle \sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ijk}=\sum _{k}\sum _{i,j}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{ijk}=\sum _{k}2\delta _{kk}=6}
å®ç
次ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©ã®èšŒæ
A â
( B à C ) = â i A i [ B à C ] i = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . B â
( C à A ) = â j B j [ C à A ] j = â i , j , k B j ε j k i C k A i = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . C â
( A à B ) = â k C k [ A à B ] k = â i , j , k C k ε k i j A i B j = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot ({\boldsymbol {B}}\times {\boldsymbol {C}})&=\sum _{i}A_{i}[{\boldsymbol {B}}\times {\boldsymbol {C}}]_{i}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\\{\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot ({\boldsymbol {C}}\times {\boldsymbol {A}})&=\sum _{j}B_{j}[{\boldsymbol {C}}\times {\boldsymbol {A}}]_{j}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}B_{j}\varepsilon _{jki}C_{k}A_{i}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\\{\boldsymbol {C}}\cdot ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})&=\sum _{k}C_{k}[{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{k}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}C_{k}\varepsilon _{kij}A_{i}B_{j}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\end{aligned}}}
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®èšŒæ
[ A à ( B à C ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k A j [ B à C ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k A j ε k l m B l C m = â â j , k , l , m ε k j i ε k l m A j B l C m = â â j , l , m ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l ) A j B l C m = â j , l , m ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l A j B l C m â â j , l , m ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m A j B l C m = â j A j B i C j â â j A j B j C i = ( A â
C ) B i â ( A â
B ) C i {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[}{\boldsymbol {A}}\times ({\boldsymbol {B}}\times {\boldsymbol {C}})]_{i}&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}[{\boldsymbol {B}}\times {\boldsymbol {C}}]_{k}\\&=\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}\varepsilon _{klm}B_{l}C_{m}\\&=-\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{kji}\varepsilon _{klm}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\&=-\sum _{j,l,m}(\delta _{jl}\delta _{im}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{il})A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\&=\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{jm}\delta _{il}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}-\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{jl}\delta _{im}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\&=\sum _{j}A_{j}B_{i}C_{j}-\sum _{j}A_{j}B_{j}C_{i}\\&=({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {C}})B_{i}-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})C_{i}\end{aligned}}}
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåéç©ã®èšŒæ
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©åã³ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã䜿ããš
( A Ã B ) â
( C Ã D ) = C â
[ D Ã ( A Ã B ) ] = C â
[ ( D â
B ) A â ( D â
A ) B ] = ( A â
C ) B â ( A â
B ) C . {\displaystyle ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})\cdot ({\boldsymbol {C}}\times {\boldsymbol {D}})={\boldsymbol {C}}\cdot [{\boldsymbol {D}}\times ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})]={\boldsymbol {C}}\cdot [({\boldsymbol {D}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}}){\boldsymbol {A}}-({\boldsymbol {D}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {A}}){\boldsymbol {B}}]=({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {C}}){\boldsymbol {B}}-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}}){\boldsymbol {C}}.}
ãã¯ãã«åéç©ã®èšŒæ
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ããã»ãšãã©èªæã§ããã
ã€ã³ãæçåŒã®èšŒæ
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®å
¬åŒã代å
¥ããŠèšç®ããã ãã§ããã
äžã®è¡šåŒãçšãããšãè€éãªåŸ®åã®èšç®ã簡䟿ã«è¡ãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã
å®ç
â Ã ( â f ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla f)=0}
â â
( â Ã A ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})=0}
ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
[ â à ( â f ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ â f ] k = â j , k ε i j k â j â k f {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[\nabla \times (\nabla f)]}_{i}&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}[\nabla f]_{k}\\&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}\partial _{k}f\end{aligned}}}
ããã§ã ε i j k â i â j f {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}f} ã«ã€ããŠã i > j {\displaystyle i>j} ã®é
ã¯ã ε j i k â j â i f = â ε i j k â i â j f {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{jik}\partial _{j}\partial _{i}f=-\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}f} ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã( ε i j k â i â j f + ε j i k â j â i f = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}f+\varepsilon _{jik}\partial _{j}\partial _{i}f=0} )ã i = j {\displaystyle i=j} ã®é
㯠ε i j k â i â j f = ε i i k â i â i f = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}f=\varepsilon _{iik}\partial _{i}\partial _{i}f=0} ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã â à ( â f ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla f)=0} ãåŸãã
â â
( â à A ) = â i â i [ â à A ] i = â i , j , k â i ε i j k â j A k = â i , j , k ε i j k â i â j A k {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})&=\sum _{i}\partial _{i}[\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}]_{i}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\partial _{i}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}A_{k}\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{k}\\\end{aligned}}}
ããã§ã ε i j k â i â j A k {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{k}} ã«ã€ããŠã i > j {\displaystyle i>j} ã®é
ã¯ã ε j i k â j â i A k = â ε i j k â i â j A k {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{jik}\partial _{j}\partial _{i}A_{k}=-\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{k}} ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã( ε i j k â i â j A k + ε j i k â j â i A k = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{k}+\varepsilon _{jik}\partial _{j}\partial _{i}A_{k}=0} )ã i = j {\displaystyle i=j} ã®é
㯠ε i j k â i â j A k = ε i i k â i â i A k = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{k}=\varepsilon _{iik}\partial _{i}\partial _{i}A_{k}=0} ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã â â
( â à A ) = 0 {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})=0} ãåŸãã
å®ç
â â
( A Ã B ) = ( â Ã A ) â
B â A â
( â Ã B ) {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})=(\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}}-{\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {B}})}
â Ã ( A Ã B ) = ( B â
â ) A â ( A â
â ) B + A ( â â
B ) â B ( â â
A ) {\displaystyle \nabla \times ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})=({\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {A}}-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {B}}+{\boldsymbol {A}}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})-{\boldsymbol {B}}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}})}
â ( A â
B ) = A Ã ( â Ã B ) + B Ã ( â Ã A ) + ( A â
â ) B + ( B â
â ) A {\displaystyle \nabla ({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})={\boldsymbol {A}}\times (\nabla \times B)+{\boldsymbol {B}}\times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})+({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {B}}+({\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {A}}}
ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
â â
( A à B ) = â i , j , k â i ( ε i j k A j B k ) = â i , j , k ε i j k ( â i A j ) B k + â i , j , k ε i j k A j ( â i B k ) = ( â à A ) â
B â A â
( â Ã B ) . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})&=\sum _{i,j,k}\partial _{i}(\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}B_{k})\\&=\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}(\partial _{i}A_{j})B_{k}+\sum _{i,j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}(\partial _{i}B_{k})\\&=(\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}}-{\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {B}}).\end{aligned}}}
[ â à ( A à B ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ A à B ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k ε k l m â j ( A l B m ) = â â j , k , l , m ε k j i ε k l m â j ( A l B m ) = â â j , l , m ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l ) â j ( A l B m ) = â j , l , m ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l â j ( A l B m ) â â j , l , m ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â j ( A l B m ) = â j â j ( A i B j ) â â j â j ( A j B i ) = â j B j â j A i + â j A i â j B j â â j B i â j A j â â j A j â j B i = ( B â
â ) A i + A i ( â â
B ) â ( A â
â ) B i â B i ( â â
A ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[\nabla \times ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})}]_{i}&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}[{\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}}]_{k}\\&=\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{ijk}\varepsilon _{klm}\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\&=-\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{kji}\varepsilon _{klm}\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\&=-\sum _{j,l,m}(\delta _{jl}\delta _{im}-\delta _{jm}\delta _{il})\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\&=\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{jm}\delta _{il}\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})-\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{jl}\delta _{im}\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\&=\sum _{j}\partial _{j}(A_{i}B_{j})-\sum _{j}\partial _{j}(A_{j}B_{i})\\&=\sum _{j}B_{j}\partial _{j}A_{i}+\sum _{j}A_{i}\partial _{j}B_{j}-\sum _{j}B_{i}\partial _{j}A_{j}-\sum _{j}A_{j}\partial _{j}B_{i}\\&=({\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot \nabla )A_{i}+A_{i}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla )B_{i}-B_{i}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}})\end{aligned}}}
ããã â Ã ( A Ã B ) = ( B â
â ) A â ( A â
â ) B + A ( â â
B ) â B ( â â
A ) {\displaystyle \nabla \times ({\boldsymbol {A}}\times {\boldsymbol {B}})=({\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {A}}-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {B}}+{\boldsymbol {A}}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})-{\boldsymbol {B}}(\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}})} ãæãç«ã€ã
[ â ( A â
B ) ] i = â j â i ( A j B j ) = â j B j â i A j + â j A j â i B j . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[\nabla ({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})]}_{i}&=\sum _{j}\partial _{i}(A_{j}B_{j})\\&=\sum _{j}B_{j}\partial _{i}A_{j}+\sum _{j}A_{j}\partial _{i}B_{j}.\\\end{aligned}}}
ããã§ã [ A à ( â à B ) ] i = â j A j â i B j â ( A â
â ) B i {\displaystyle [{\boldsymbol {A}}\times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {B}})]_{i}=\sum _{j}A_{j}\partial _{i}B_{j}-({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {B}}_{i}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãããã第äºé
ã«ä»£å
¥ããã第äžé
ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ãããããã代å
¥ãããšçµå±ã â ( A â
B ) = A Ã ( â Ã B ) + B Ã ( â Ã A ) + ( A â
â ) B + ( B â
â ) A {\displaystyle \nabla ({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot {\boldsymbol {B}})={\boldsymbol {A}}\times (\nabla \times B)+{\boldsymbol {B}}\times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})+({\boldsymbol {A}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {B}}+({\boldsymbol {B}}\cdot \nabla ){\boldsymbol {A}}} ãåŸãããã
å®ç
â â
( f A ) = â f â
A + f â â
A {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot (f{\boldsymbol {A}})=\nabla f\cdot {\boldsymbol {A}}+f\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}}}
â à ( f A ) = â f à A + f â à A {\displaystyle \nabla \times (f{\boldsymbol {A}})=\nabla f\times {\boldsymbol {A}}+f\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}}
ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
â â
( f A ) = â i â i ( f A i ) = â i ( â i f ) A i + â i f ( â i A i ) = â f â
A + f â â
A {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot (f{\boldsymbol {A}})&=\sum _{i}\partial _{i}(fA_{i})\\&=\sum _{i}(\partial _{i}f)A_{i}+\sum _{i}f(\partial _{i}A_{i})\\&=\nabla f\cdot {\boldsymbol {A}}+f\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}}\end{aligned}}}
[ â à f A ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j ( f A k ) = â j , k ε i j k â j f A k + â j , k ε i j k f â j A k = [ â f à A ] i + [ f â à A ] i {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[\nabla \times f{\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}(fA_{k})\\&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}f\,A_{k}+\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}f\partial _{j}\,A_{k}\\&={[\nabla f\times {\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}+{[f\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}\end{aligned}}}
å®ç
â Ã ( â Ã A ) = â ( â â
A ) â Î A {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})=\nabla (\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}})-\Delta {\boldsymbol {A}}} ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
[ â à ( â à A ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ â à A ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k â j ε k l m â l A m = â j , k , l , m ε k i j ε k l m â j â l A m = â j , l , m ( ÎŽ i l ÎŽ j m â ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j l ) â j â l A m = â j , l , m ÎŽ i l ÎŽ j m â j â l A m â â j , l , m ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j l â j â l A m = â j â i â j A j â â j â j â j A i {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{i}&=\sum _{j,k}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}[\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}]_{k}\\&=\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{ijk}\partial _{j}\varepsilon _{klm}\partial _{l}{A}_{m}\\&=\sum _{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon _{kij}\varepsilon _{klm}\partial _{j}\partial _{l}A_{m}\\&=\sum _{j,l,m}(\delta _{il}\delta _{jm}-\delta _{im}\delta _{jl})\partial _{j}\partial _{l}A_{m}\\&=\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{il}\delta _{jm}\partial _{j}\partial _{l}A_{m}-\sum _{j,l,m}\delta _{im}\delta _{jl}\partial _{j}\partial _{l}A_{m}\\&=\sum _{j}\partial _{i}\partial _{j}A_{j}-\sum _{j}\partial _{j}\partial _{j}A_{i}\end{aligned}}}
ããããã®æåã«ã€ããŠå±éãããš
[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 1 = â 1 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 1 {\displaystyle {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{1}=\partial _{1}(\partial _{1}A_{1}+\partial _{2}A_{2}+\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\partial _{1}^{2}+\partial _{2}^{2}+\partial _{3}^{2})A_{1}}
[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 2 = â 2 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 2 {\displaystyle {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{2}=\partial _{2}(\partial _{1}A_{1}+\partial _{2}A_{2}+\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\partial _{1}^{2}+\partial _{2}^{2}+\partial _{3}^{2})A_{2}}
[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 3 = â 3 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 3 {\displaystyle {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{3}=\partial _{3}(\partial _{1}A_{1}+\partial _{2}A_{2}+\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\partial _{1}^{2}+\partial _{2}^{2}+\partial _{3}^{2})A_{3}}
ã§ããããã㯠â à ( â à A ) = â ( â â
A ) â Î A {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla \times {\boldsymbol {A}})=\nabla (\nabla \cdot {\boldsymbol {A}})-\Delta {\boldsymbol {A}}} ã§ããããšãæå³ããã
ãããã®èšç®ã¯ãé»ç£æ°åŠçã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããã®ã§ãããç·Žç¿ããŠãããã°ãªããªãã
å®ç
äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« r {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}} ã«ã€ã㊠r = | r | = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 {\displaystyle r=|{\boldsymbol {r}}|={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}} ãšãããšã â r n = n r n â 2 r {\displaystyle \nabla r^{n}=nr^{n-2}{\boldsymbol {r}}} ã§ããã
蚌æ
â â x r n = n r n â 1 â â x x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = n r n â 1 x r = n r n â 2 x {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}r^{n}=nr^{n-1}{\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}{\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}=nr^{n-1}{\frac {x}{r}}=nr^{n-2}x}
y , z {\displaystyle y,z} ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã â r n = ( n r n â 2 x n r n â 2 y n r n â 2 z ) = n r n â 2 r . {\displaystyle \nabla r^{n}={\begin{pmatrix}nr^{n-2}x\\nr^{n-2}y\\nr^{n-2}z\end{pmatrix}}=nr^{n-2}{\boldsymbol {r}}.}
ããã§ã¯ã極座æšã§ã®åŸé
ãçºæ£ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãæ±ããã
極座æšã§ã¯ãäœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã¯ r = ( x y z ) = ( r sin Ξ cos Ï r sin Ξ sin Ï r cos Ξ ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}={\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}r\sin \theta \cos \varphi \\r\sin \theta \sin \varphi \\r\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}} ãšãªããæ£èŠçŽäº€åºåºã¯ e r := â r â r | â r â r | = ( sin Ξ cos Ï sin Ξ sin Ï cos Ξ ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}:={\frac {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial r}}{\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial r}}\right|}}={\begin{pmatrix}\sin \theta \cos \varphi \\\sin \theta \sin \varphi \\\cos \theta \end{pmatrix}}} , e Ξ := â r â Ξ | â r â Ξ | = 1 r ( r cos Ξ cos Ï r cos Ξ sin Ï â r sin Ξ ) = ( cos Ξ cos Ï cos Ξ sin Ï â sin Ξ ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }:={\frac {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \theta }}{\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \theta }}\right|}}={\frac {1}{r}}{\begin{pmatrix}r\cos \theta \cos \varphi \\r\cos \theta \sin \varphi \\-r\sin \theta \end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}\cos \theta \cos \varphi \\\cos \theta \sin \varphi \\-\sin \theta \end{pmatrix}}} , e Ï := â r â Ï | â r â Ï | = 1 r sin Ξ ( â r sin Ξ sin Ï r sin Ξ cos Ï 0 ) = ( â sin Ï cos Ï 0 ) {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }:={\frac {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \varphi }}{\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \varphi }}\right|}}={\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\begin{pmatrix}-r\sin \theta \sin \varphi \\r\sin \theta \cos \varphi \\0\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}-\sin \varphi \\\cos \varphi \\0\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã
埮å°å€äœãã¯ãã« d r = d x e x + d y e y + d z e z {\displaystyle d{\boldsymbol {r}}=dx{\boldsymbol {e}}_{x}+dy{\boldsymbol {e}}_{y}+dz{\boldsymbol {e}}_{z}} ã¯æ¥µåº§æšã§ã¯ã
d r = â r â r d r + â r â Ξ d Ξ + â r â Ï d Ï = | â r â r | e r d r + | â r â Ξ | e Ξ d Ξ + | â r â Ï | e Ï d Ï = e r d r + r e Ξ d Ξ + r sin Ξ e Ï d Ï {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}d{\boldsymbol {r}}&={\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial r}}dr+{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \theta }}d\theta +{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \varphi }}d\varphi \\&=\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial r}}\right|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \theta }}\right|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }d\theta +\left|{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {r}}}{\partial \varphi }}\right|{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }d\varphi \\&={\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+r{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }d\theta +r\sin \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }d\varphi \end{aligned}}}
ãšæžããã
é¢æ° f {\displaystyle f} ã®å
šåŸ®å d f {\displaystyle df} 㯠d f = d f d x d x + d f d y d y + d f d z d z = â f â
d r {\displaystyle df={\frac {df}{dx}}dx+{\frac {df}{dy}}dy+{\frac {df}{dz}}dz=\nabla f\cdot d{\boldsymbol {r}}} ãšãªãã
極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã â f = â r f e r + â Ξ f e Ξ + â Ï f e Ï {\displaystyle \nabla f=\nabla _{r}f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+\nabla _{\theta }f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }+\nabla _{\varphi }f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }} ãšãããšã d f = â f â
d r = ( â r f e r + â Ξ f e Ξ + â Ï f e Ï ) â
( e r d r + r e Ξ d Ξ + r sin Ξ e Ï d Ï ) = â r f d r + r â Ξ f d Ξ + r sin Ξ â Ï f d Ï {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}df&=\nabla f\cdot d{\boldsymbol {r}}\\&=(\nabla _{r}f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+\nabla _{\theta }f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }+\nabla _{\varphi }f\,{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi })\cdot ({\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+r{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }d\theta +r\sin \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }d\varphi )\\&=\nabla _{r}f\,dr+r\nabla _{\theta }f\,d\theta +r\sin \theta \nabla _{\varphi }f\,d\varphi \end{aligned}}}
ã§ããããããšæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®å
šåŸ®å d f = â f â r d r + â f â Ξ d Ξ + â f â Ï d Ï {\displaystyle df={\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}}dr+{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \theta }}d\theta +{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \varphi }}d\varphi } ãšæ¯èŒãããšã
â r f = â f â r , â Ξ f = 1 r â f â Ξ , â Ï f = 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï {\displaystyle \nabla _{r}f={\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}},\nabla _{\theta }f={\frac {1}{r}}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \theta }},\nabla _{\varphi }f={\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \varphi }}{}} ãåŸãã
ããªãã¡ã極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã¯ â f = â f â r + 1 r â f â Ξ + 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï {\displaystyle \nabla f={\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}}+{\frac {1}{r}}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \theta }}+{\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \varphi }}{}} ã§ããã
åºåºãã¯ãã«ã®åŸ®åã¯ã
â e r â r = 0 , â e r â Ξ = e Ξ , â e r â Ï = sin Ξ e Ï {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\partial r}}=0,{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\partial \theta }}={\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta },{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\partial \varphi }}=\sin \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }}
â e Ξ â r = 0 , â e Ξ â Ξ = â e r , â e Ξ â Ï = cos Ξ e Ï {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }}{\partial r}}=0,{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }}=-{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r},{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }}{\partial \varphi }}=\cos \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }}
â e Ï â r = 0 , â e Ï â Ξ = 0 , â e Ï â Ï = â cos Ξ e r â sin Ξ e Ξ {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }}{\partial r}}=0,{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }}{\partial \theta }}=0,{\frac {\partial {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }}{\partial \varphi }}=-\cos \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}-\sin \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }}
ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ãŠæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®ãã¯ãã« A {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {A}}} ã®çºæ£ãèšç®ãããšã
â â
A = ( e r â f â r + e Ξ 1 r â â Ξ + e Ï 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï ) â
( A r e r + A Ξ e Ξ + A Ï e Ï ) = e r â
( â A r â r e r ) + 1 r e Ξ â
( â A Ξ â Ξ e Ξ + A r e Ξ ) + 1 r sin Ξ e Ï â
( â A Ï â Ï e Ï + A r sin Ξ e Ï + A Ξ cos Ξ e Ï ) = 1 r 2 â ( r 2 A r ) â r + 1 r sin Ξ â ( sin Ξ A Ξ ) â Ξ + 1 r sin Ξ â A Ï â Ï {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot A&=\left({\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}}+{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }{\frac {1}{r}}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \theta }}+{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }{\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial \varphi }}\right)\cdot (A_{r}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+A_{\theta }{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }+A_{\varphi }{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi })\\&={\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}\cdot \left({\frac {\partial A_{r}}{\partial r}}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}\right)+{\frac {1}{r}}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }\cdot \left({\frac {\partial A_{\theta }}{\partial \theta }}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }+A_{r}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\theta }\right)+{\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }\cdot \left({\frac {\partial A_{\varphi }}{\partial \varphi }}{\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }+A_{r}\sin \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }+A_{\theta }\cos \theta {\boldsymbol {e}}_{\varphi }\right)\\&={\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\frac {\partial (r^{2}A_{r})}{\partial r}}+{\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial (\sin \theta A_{\theta })}{\partial \theta }}+{\frac {1}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial A_{\varphi }}{\partial \varphi }}\end{aligned}}}
ãšãªãã
ãŸããã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã«æ¥µåº§æšã§ã®åŸé
ãšçºæ£ã代å
¥ãããšã
Î f = â â
â f = 1 r 2 â â r ( r 2 â f â r ) + 1 r 2 sin Ξ â â Ξ ( sin Ξ â f â Ξ ) + 1 r 2 sin 2 Ξ â 2 f â Ï 2 {\displaystyle \Delta f=\nabla \cdot \nabla f={\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\frac {\partial }{\partial r}}\left(r^{2}{\frac {\partial f}{\partial r}}\right)+{\frac {1}{r^{2}\sin \theta }}{\frac {\partial }{\partial \theta }}\left(\sin \theta {\frac {\partial f}{\partial \theta }}\right)+{\frac {1}{r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta }}{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial \varphi ^{2}}}}
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ãã®å®çã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããéèŠãªå®çã§ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çæ°åŠI > ãã¯ãã«è§£æ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããã¯ãã«è§£æã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ãè¡ãªãã ãã¯ãã«è§£æã¯ãäž»ã«å€å€æ°é¢æ°ã®åŸ®ç©åãšé¢é£ããŠãããã ç¹ã«ãããã®ãã¡ã«ã¯èšç®èªäœã«æ確ãªç©ççæå³ã æã€ãã®ãããã€ãèŠããããæŽå²çã«ããã®åé㯠æ°åŠãšç©çã®éã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãéããŠçºå±ããŠæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããèšç®ã«ãããŠã¯ç©ççãªæå³ã匷調ããŠããããã ãŸããç¹ã«ããã€ãã®å®çã¯æ°åŠçã«å³å¯ãªèšŒæãããããšã é£ããããã®æ§ãªãšãã«ã¯åžžèçã«å€å
žçãªç©çåŠã®ç¯å²ã§ èµ·ããçŸè±¡ã§é©çšã§ããçšåºŠã«ãäžè¬çã« æžãããšã«ããããšæãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããçŸä»£çã«ã¯ãã®åéã¯åŸ®å圢åŒãçšããŠæžãããããšãå€ããã ããã§ã¯ãŸãæåã«å€å
žçãªèšç®æ³ãæ±ãã ããã¯ãç¹ã«ç©çãå°æ»ãšããªãåŠç¿è
ã«é
æ
®ããããã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãé»æ°æè¡è
ãæ©æ¢°æè¡è
ããã¯ãã«è§£æã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠåŠã°ãã° ãªããã圌ãã«åã£ãŠã¯åŸ®å圢åŒã®çè«ã¯ããã»ã©æçšãšã¯ãããªããã®ãš æãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®çè«ã¯ç¹ã«é»ç£æ°åŠãšé¢é£ãæ·±ããããããã®çµæ㯠æµäœååŠãéåååŠãªã©ãæ§ã
ãªåéã§ç»å Žããç©çã®æ ¹å¹¹ãæãèšç®æ³ã§ããã åŠç¿è
ã¯ååãããã®ææ³ã«ç¿çããããšãæ±ããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°3次å
ãã¯ãã«ã§",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšããããå€æ°tã«ã€ã㊠x,y,z ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§è¡šãããããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã¯ãã«ã®é¢æ°ãšåŒã¶ã ããã¯ãtãæéãšèŠãªããšãã«ã¯ãã3次å
空éäžã ç©äœãåããŠè¡ãè»è·¡ã®å€ãšèŠãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããè»è·¡ãäžãããšãããã®å€ã¯ ç©äœãxã®æ¹åã«é床1ã§çéçŽç·éåããŠãããã®ãšã¿ãªãããšã ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ãããã®å®çŸ©èªäœã¯3次å
ã«ãšã©ãŸãã容æã«n次å
ã«æ¡åŒµããããšã åºæ¥ãã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã«n次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãåã£ããšãã«ããã®ãã¡ã®åèŠçŽ ã ããç¬ç«å€æ°tã ãã«äŸåãããšèããããšãåºæ¥ããšã ããã¯ãn次å
空éã®äžã®ç©äœã®è»è·¡ãšèããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããã¯ãã«ã®åŸ®åãå®çŸ©ããã äŸãã°ã1次å
ã«ãããŠã¯ãç©äœã®é床ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããã®å€ã¯ããæéã«ãããç©äœã® äœçœ®ã®å€åçãšããçŽæ¥çãªç©ççæå³ãæã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èªç¶ãªæ¡åŒµãšããŠäžè¬çãªæ¬¡å
ã«ãããŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠããã¯ãã«ã®åŸ®åãå®çŸ©ããã äŸãã°ã1次å
空éã«éã£ããšãã«ã¯ãã®çµæã¯äžã®åŒãšäžèŽããããšãåããã ãã®ããšã«ãã£ãŠãäŸãã°",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã2次å
ãã¯ãã«ãåã£ããšãã ç©äœã®é床ã®xæ¹åæåã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠäžããããç©äœã®äœçœ®ã®xæ¹åæåã®ã¿ã«ããããšã瀺åãããã åæ§ã« ç©äœã®é床ã®yæ¹åæå㯠ç©äœã®äœçœ®ã®yæ¹åæåã®ã¿ã«ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšã¯äžèŠåœç¶ã®ããã«æããããå®éã«ã¯ããã§ã¯ãªã æã
ãçšããŠãã座æšç³»ã«ãã£ãŠããã äŸãã°ã2次å
ã®æ¥µåº§æšãçšããŠã¿ããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããã ãã®åŒãæ£ãã埮åãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããé床㮠Ξ {\\displaystyle \\theta } æåã¯ãç©äœã®ræåã«ãäŸåããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšã¯ãçŽæ¥çã«ã¯ e â r {\\displaystyle {\\vec {e}}_{r}} èªèº«ãæéäŸåæ§ãæã£ãŠããã æã
ãéåžžçšãã(x,y,z)ãšãã座æšç³»ã¯ éåžžçŽäº€åº§æšç³»ãšåŒã°ãããã(ãã«ã«ã座æšç³»ãšåŒã°ããããšãå€ãã) ãããã®åº§æšè»žã®æ¹åã¯æéçã«å€ããããšãç¡ãã®ã§ã 埮åã®æ§è³ªãéåžžã«ç°¡åã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããå®éã«ããç©äœã®åããèšè¿°ãããšããçŽäº€åº§æšç³»ãçšããããã ãã®åãã«ç¹åŸŽçãªéããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãšããŠçšããæ¹ãèšè¿°ãç°¡æã« ãªãããšããããäŸãã°ã倪éœã®ãŸãããåéåããææã® åããèšè¿°ããã«ã¯ã極座æšãçšãããšãç©äœã®éåããã£ãšãç°¡æœã«èšè¿°ãããã ãã®æ§ã«ãéåã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠçšããã¹ã座æšç³»ãå€ãã£ãŠæ¥ãããã ããããã®éã®ç·éã®å€åãã€ãŸã埮åãç©åã®æ§è³ªã調ã¹ãããšãéèŠã« ãªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã§äžè¬çãªåŸ®åã®æ¹æ³ãèŠãã ããã§ã¯ãç¹ã«ç©ççã«éèŠãªãã¯ãã«ã®äœãæ¹ã èŠãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããé¢æ°f(x,y,z) ããããã®ãšããã ãã®ãšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãfã®åŸé
ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããåæ§ã«ããŠn次å
ã§ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãåŸé
ã¯ãã®åŒã®æå³ã«ãã£ãŠä»ããããååã§ããã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«éã£ãŠãã®åŒãæžããŠã¿ãã ãã®ãšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã¯ãã®é¢æ°fã®xæ¹åã®åŸãã«çããã ã€ãŸãããã®åŒã¯åŸããæ±ããåŒã®è€æ°ã®æ¹åãçšããå Žåãžã®äžè¬åãš ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäžè¬çãªäŸãšããŠ2次å
ã®å Žåã® äŸãèããŠã¿ããããã§ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã ãã®ãšããã®åŒã®åŸé
ã¯ç°¡åã«èšç®ã§ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããäŸãã°ããã®åŒã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(aã¯ããå®æ°ã) ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãã ãã®ãšããåŸé
ã®å€ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããããã¯xãæ£ã®ãšãæ£ã§ãããè² ã®ãšãã«ã¯è² ãšãªã£ãŠããã ã€ãŸãããã®åŒã¯ãã®é¢æ°ã®x座æšè»žäžã§èŠããšãã«ã x=0ã極å°ãšããããé¢åœ¢ã®ã°ã©ããšãªã£ãŠãããæŽã« åç¹ããé¢ããã°é¢ããã»ã©ãã°ã©ãã®åŸããå¢ãããšã瀺åããŠããã å®éãã®åŒãæ°å€çã«ãããããããšããã®äž»åŒµã確ãããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããäœè£œã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ããã®åŒã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(bã¯ããå®æ°ã) ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãã ãã®ãšãã«ãå
šãåã䞻匵ãåºæ¥ãyæ¹åã«èŠãŠã ãã®ã°ã©ãã¯ããé¢ç¶ã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®åŒã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãããã®ãšãã«ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããã®ç¹ã§ã¯åŸé
ã¯x軞ãã Ï / 4 {\\displaystyle \\pi /4} ã®æ¹åãåããŠããããšãåããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«åŸé
ã¯ãé¢æ°fããæã倧ããªåŸãã§å¢å ããæ¹åã åããŠããããã®çµ¶å¯Ÿå€ã¯ãã®ç¹ã§ãã¡ããžã®åŸ®åãåã£ãå€ã«çããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããç¹ã§ã®ããæ¹åãžã®åŸ®åãæ±ããããšãã«ã¯ã æ±ãããæ¹åã®åäœãã¯ãã«ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèšç®ããããšã§ãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸé
ã®èšç®ã§ã¯ãå
šãŠã®ç¬ç«å€æ°ã«å¯Ÿãã埮åãæ±ããŠããã ãããã®åŸ®åãçµã¿åãããããšã§ããããæ¹åãžã®åŸ®åã äœãããšãåºæ¥ãããšãæåŸ
ãããã 埮åã®æãäœããªãŒããŒã§ã¯ãããããã®æ¹åãžã®åŸ®å㯠ããããã®æ¹åã®åäœãã¯ãã«ã«ãã¡ãã®æ¹åãžã®åŸ®åã®å€§ããã ããããã®ã«çããã®ã§ãããæ¹åã«å¯Ÿãã埮åã èšç®ããã«ã¯ããããé©åãªæ¹åãžã®éã¿ãã€ããŠè¶³ãåãããããšã æ±ããããããã®ãšããããæ¹åã«å¯Ÿããåäœãã¯ãã«ãš ãã軞ã®æ¹åã«å¯Ÿããåäœãã¯ãã«ã¯ã2ã€ã®æ¹åã®éã¿ãè¡šãããŠãããš èããããã®ã§ã確ãã«ãã®å€ã¯ããã¡ãã®æ¹åãžã®åŸ®åãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã®yæ¹åã®åŸãã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããã ããã¯ããã®é¢æ°ã®çé«ç·ãå圢ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãèãã㚠確ãã«ãã®ç¹ã§ã¯yæ¹åã®åŸãã¯0ã«ãªã£ãŠããªããŠã¯ãããªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ã¯éã«ãããã¯ãã«ãåã£ããšãã ããã¹ã«ã©ãŒéãäœãã ãèšç®ãå°å
¥ããã åŸã«ç€ºãããéãããã®éã¯ããç¹ããæµãåºã ç²åãå Žã®æã®åãšããç©ççæå³ãæã£ãŠããã é»ç£æ°åŠãæµäœååŠã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããã å®éåè
ã§ã¯ç£æãé»æã«ã€ããŠã®èšç®ã«çšãããã åŸè
ã§ã¯æµäœäžã®ããã ããåžã蟌ã¿ãªã©ã®ãŸãã㧠æµäœã®æ§è³ªãè¡šãããã¯ãã«ãnon-zeroã«ãªãããšã ç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã¯ãã«ã®é¢æ°",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã a â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}} ã®çºæ£ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸãããã®éãn次å
ã§å®çŸ©ããããšãåºæ¥ããã®ãšãã®å®çŸ©ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããã ãã ã a i {\\displaystyle a_{i}} ã¯ãã¯ãã« a â {\\displaystyle {\\vec {a}}} ã®ç¬¬iæåã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã®ç©ççæå³ã¯äžã§è¿°ã¹ãéãã ãããã®ããšã®å°åºã¯ ã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çã®å°åºã«ãã£ãŠäžãããããããããã§ã¯æ±ããªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãã1ã€ãç©ççã«éèŠãªæŒç®ãå°å
¥ããã ãã®éãé»ç£æ°åŠãæµäœååŠã§äœ¿ãããŠããã ããçµè·¯ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠç©åããå€ããã®çµè·¯ã®äžã® ããéã®ç©åã«ãã£ãŠäžãããããšããå®çã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯å€å
žçã«ããåè·¯ãçªãæããç£æã®æéå€åã ããã®åè·¯å
ã«é»æµãåŒãèµ·ããããšãã¬ã³ãã®æ³åãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã ãã®æ³åã¯ããã®ãããªãã¯ãã«ã®æŒç®ã«ãã£ãŠããŸãèšè¿°ãããçŸè±¡ã® äŸã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æµäœååŠã§ã¯ããã®éã¯æµäœäžã«å·»ãèµ·ãã枊ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã ã€ãŸãã枊ãæµããã«ãŒãã«æ²¿ã£ãŠãæµäœã®é床ãç©åããŠããã° 0ã§ãªãå€ãåŸãããããšãæåŸ
ããããäžæ¹ãããã§ãªãå Žå ãã®å€ã¯å
šãŠã®å¯äžãæã¡æ¶ãåãã0ã«ãªããšæãããã ã€ãŸãããã®éãçšããããšã§ãæµäœäžã®æžŠãèšè¿°ããæ¹æ³ãåŸãããããã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããå®éã«ã¯æµäœã®éåãèãããšãã«ã¯æžŠãäžåçºçããªããš ããæ¹ãèšç®ãç°¡åã«ãªãããšãå€ãããã®ãããªæµãã¯æžŠç¡ãã®æµããš åŒã°ãããã®æ§è³ªã¯ããç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ãã¯ãã«ã®å転ã®å®çŸ©ãè¿°ã¹ãã ãããã¯ãã«ã®é¢æ°",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å転ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒã蚌æããããããã®å
¬åŒã¯ãã¯ãã«ãæå衚瀺ããŠåçŽã«èšç®ããããšã§ã蚌æã§ãããããã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯ããŸãã«ãç
©éã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå·ãå°å
¥ããŠèšŒæããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãããã«ãŒã®ãã«ã¿ ÎŽ i j {\\displaystyle \\delta _{ij}} ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå· ε i j k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}} ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå®çŸ©ãããããªãã¡ã眮æ Ï = ( 1 2 3 i j k ) {\\displaystyle \\sigma ={\\begin{pmatrix}1&2&3\\\\i&j&k\\end{pmatrix}}} (ãã ã i , j , k {\\displaystyle i,j,k} ã¯äºãã«ç°ãªã)ãå¶çœ®æã®ãšãã ε i j k = 1 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}=1} ãå¥çœ®æã®ãšã ε i j k = â 1 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}=-1} ã§ããããŸããã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå· ε i j k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}} 㯠ε 123 = 1 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{123}=1} ã§ããã2ã€ã®æ·»åãå
¥ãæ¿ãããš -1 åããã(å察称)ãã® (e.g. ε 213 = â ε 123 = â 1 , ε 231 = â ε 213 = 1 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{213}=-\\varepsilon _{123}=-1,\\,\\varepsilon _{231}=-\\varepsilon _{213}=1} )ãšç解ã§ãããæ·»åã«åãæ°åããããšãã¯ã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå·ã¯ 0 ã§ãã(e.g. ε 111 = 0 , ε 322 = 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{111}=0,\\,\\varepsilon _{322}=0} )ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬ãã¯ãã« e i {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}} ã e i = ( ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 3 i ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}={\\begin{pmatrix}\\delta _{1i}\\\\\\delta _{2i}\\\\\\delta _{3i}\\end{pmatrix}}} ãšãããããªãã¡ã e 1 = ( 1 0 0 ) , e 2 = ( 0 1 0 ) , e 3 = ( 0 0 1 ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{1}={\\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\0\\\\0\\end{pmatrix}},{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{2}={\\begin{pmatrix}0\\\\1\\\\0\\end{pmatrix}},{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{3}={\\begin{pmatrix}0\\\\0\\\\1\\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â = ( â â x â â y â â z ) {\\displaystyle \\nabla ={\\begin{pmatrix}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial x}}\\\\{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial y}}\\\\{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial z}}\\end{pmatrix}}} ãããã©ãšããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã©ãéåžžã®ãã¯ãã«æŒç®ãšåãããã«æ±ããšãgrad,div,rotã¯ç°¡åã«",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«ã®æåã«åŸ®åæŒç®åãå
¥ã£ãŠããããšã«ã³ã£ãããããããããªããã圢åŒçãªãã®ã ãšæã£ãŠãè¯ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Î := â â
â = â 2 â x 2 + â 2 â y 2 + â 2 â z 2 {\\displaystyle \\Delta :=\\nabla \\cdot \\nabla ={\\frac {\\partial ^{2}}{\\partial x^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}}{\\partial y^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}}{\\partial z^{2}}}} ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãšãããã¹ã«ã©ãŒé¢æ° f {\\displaystyle f} ã«ã€ã㊠Πf = â 2 f â x 2 + â 2 f â y 2 + â 2 f â z 2 {\\displaystyle \\Delta f={\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial x^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial y^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial z^{2}}}} ã§ããããã¯ãã«é¢æ° A {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {A}}} ã«ã€ã㊠ΠA = ( â 2 A x â x 2 + â 2 A x â y 2 + â 2 A x â z 2 â 2 A y â x 2 + â 2 A y â y 2 + â 2 A y â z 2 â 2 A z â x 2 + â 2 A z â y 2 + â 2 A z â z 2 ) {\\displaystyle \\Delta {\\boldsymbol {A}}={\\begin{pmatrix}{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\\partial x^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\\partial y^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{x}}{\\partial z^{2}}}\\\\{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\\partial x^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\\partial y^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{y}}{\\partial z^{2}}}\\\\{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\\partial x^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\\partial y^{2}}}+{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}A_{z}}{\\partial z^{2}}}\\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã§ã¯ãç°¡åã®ããã«ãã¯ãã« A {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {A}}} ã® x {\\displaystyle x} æå A x {\\displaystyle A_{x}} ã A 1 {\\displaystyle A_{1}} ã y {\\displaystyle y} æå A y {\\displaystyle A_{y}} ã A 2 {\\displaystyle A_{2}} ã z {\\displaystyle z} æå A z {\\displaystyle A_{z}} ã A 3 {\\displaystyle A_{3}} ãšæžããå埮åã«ã€ããŠã â â x = â x = â 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial x}}=\\partial _{x}=\\partial _{1}} ãªã©ãšããããã¯ãã« A {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {A}}} 㮠第iæå A i {\\displaystyle A_{i}} ã [ A ] i {\\displaystyle [{\\boldsymbol {A}}]_{i}} ãšæžãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«ã®å€ç© A à B {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}} ã®ç¬¬iæå [ A à B ] i {\\displaystyle [{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{i}} ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ A à B ] i = â j , k ε i j k A j B k {\\displaystyle [{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{i}=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}B_{k}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããããã㧠Σ {\\displaystyle \\Sigma } ã®æ·»åã¯ãããã1ãã3ãŸã§ã®æŽæ°å€ãåããã®ãšããããã®èŠçŽã¯ä»¥äžã®æç« ã«ãé©çšããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ãå±éããŠç¢ºèªãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â j , k ε 1 j k A j B k = ε 123 A 2 B 3 + ε 132 A 3 B 2 = A 2 B 3 â A 3 B 2 = [ A à B ] 1 {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{1jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\\varepsilon _{123}A_{2}B_{3}+\\varepsilon _{132}A_{3}B_{2}\\\\&=A_{2}B_{3}-A_{3}B_{2}\\\\&=[{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{1}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â j , k ε 2 j k A j B k = ε 213 A 1 B 3 + ε 231 A 3 B 1 = A 3 B 1 â A 1 B 3 = [ A à B ] 2 {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{2jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\\varepsilon _{213}A_{1}B_{3}+\\varepsilon _{231}A_{3}B_{1}\\\\&=A_{3}B_{1}-A_{1}B_{3}\\\\&=[{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{2}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â j , k ε 3 j k A j B k = ε 312 A 1 B 2 + ε 321 A 2 B 1 = A 1 B 2 â A 2 B 1 = [ A à B ] 3 {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{3jk}A_{j}B_{k}&=\\varepsilon _{312}A_{1}B_{2}+\\varepsilon _{321}A_{2}B_{1}\\\\&=A_{1}B_{2}-A_{2}B_{1}\\\\&=[{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{3}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããäžã®åŒã«ãããŠã â j , k ε 1 j k A j B k {\\displaystyle \\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{1jk}A_{j}B_{k}} ãå±éãããš9ã€ã®é
ãåºãŠãããããã®å
ã®7ã€ã® ε 1 j k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{1jk}} ã0ãšãªãããã2ã€ã®é
ã ããæ®ããããªãã¡ã j = 2 , j = 3 {\\displaystyle j=2,j=3} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããé
(察å¿ãã k {\\displaystyle k} 㯠{ 1 , 2 , 3 } {\\displaystyle \\{1,2,3\\}} ã®ãã¡1ã§ã j {\\displaystyle j} ã§ããªããã®)ã ε 123 , ε 132 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{123},\\varepsilon _{132}} ã®é
ã®ã¿ãæ®ãã ε 2 j k , ε 3 j k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{2jk},\\varepsilon _{3jk}} ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε i j k = | e i e j e k | = e i â
( e j à e k ) = | ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 1 j ÎŽ 1 k ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 2 j ÎŽ 2 k ÎŽ 3 i ÎŽ 3 j ÎŽ 3 k | {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\times {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k})={\\begin{vmatrix}\\delta _{1i}&\\delta _{1j}&\\delta _{1k}\\\\\\delta _{2i}&\\delta _{2j}&\\delta _{2k}\\\\\\delta _{3i}&\\delta _{3j}&\\delta _{3k}\\end{vmatrix}}} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| e 1 e 2 e 3 | = | 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 | = 1 = ε 123 {\\displaystyle |{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{1}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{2}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{3}|={\\begin{vmatrix}1&0&0\\\\0&1&0\\\\0&0&1\\end{vmatrix}}=1=\\varepsilon _{123}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšãè¡ååŒã®æ§è³ªããã | e i e j e k | {\\displaystyle |{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|} ã¯å察称ã§ããããšããã ε i j k = | e i e j e k | {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| e i e j e k | = e i â
( e j à e k ) {\\displaystyle |{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\times {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k})} ã«ã€ããŠã¯çŽæ¥èšç®ããã°ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¬ãã¯ãã«ã®å®çŸ© e i = ( ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 3 i ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}={\\begin{pmatrix}\\delta _{1i}\\\\\\delta _{2i}\\\\\\delta _{3i}\\end{pmatrix}}} ã代å
¥ããŠã | e i e j e k | = | ÎŽ 1 i ÎŽ 1 j ÎŽ 1 k ÎŽ 2 i ÎŽ 2 j ÎŽ 2 k ÎŽ 3 i ÎŽ 3 j ÎŽ 3 k | {\\displaystyle |{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|={\\begin{vmatrix}\\delta _{1i}&\\delta _{1j}&\\delta _{1k}\\\\\\delta _{2i}&\\delta _{2j}&\\delta _{2k}\\\\\\delta _{3i}&\\delta _{3j}&\\delta _{3k}\\end{vmatrix}}} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε i j k ε l m n = | ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ i n ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m ÎŽ k n | = ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k n â ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k m ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k n ) + ÎŽ i n ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{lmn}={\\begin{vmatrix}\\delta _{il}&\\delta _{im}&\\delta _{in}\\\\\\delta _{jl}&\\delta _{jm}&\\delta _{jn}\\\\\\delta _{kl}&\\delta _{km}&\\delta _{kn}\\end{vmatrix}}=\\delta _{il}\\left(\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kn}-\\delta _{jn}\\delta _{km}\\right)+\\delta _{im}\\left(\\delta _{jn}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{kn}\\right)+\\delta _{in}\\left(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl}\\right)} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε i j k = | e i e j e k | , ε l m n = | e l e m e n | {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}=|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}|,\\,\\varepsilon _{lmn}=|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|} ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε i j k ε l m n = | e i e j e k | | e l e m e n | = | e i T e j T e k T | | e l e m e n | = | e i T e l e i T e m e i T e n e j T e l e j T e m e j T e n e k T e l e k T e m e k T e n | = | Ύ i l Ύ i m Ύ i n Ύ j l Ύ j m Ύ j n Ύ k l Ύ k m Ύ k n | . {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{lmn}=|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}||{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|={\\begin{vmatrix}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}\\\\{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}\\\\{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}\\end{vmatrix}}|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}|={\\begin{vmatrix}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{i}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\\\\{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{j}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\\\\{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{l}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{m}&{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{k}^{T}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{n}\\end{vmatrix}}={\\begin{vmatrix}\\delta _{il}&\\delta _{im}&\\delta _{in}\\\\\\delta _{jl}&\\delta _{jm}&\\delta _{jn}\\\\\\delta _{kl}&\\delta _{km}&\\delta _{kn}\\end{vmatrix}}.}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã äœå åå±éãããŠã | ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ i n ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m ÎŽ k n | = ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k n â ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k m ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j n ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k n ) + ÎŽ i n ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{vmatrix}\\delta _{il}&\\delta _{im}&\\delta _{in}\\\\\\delta _{jl}&\\delta _{jm}&\\delta _{jn}\\\\\\delta _{kl}&\\delta _{km}&\\delta _{kn}\\end{vmatrix}}=\\delta _{il}\\left(\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kn}-\\delta _{jn}\\delta _{km}\\right)+\\delta _{im}\\left(\\delta _{jn}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{kn}\\right)+\\delta _{in}\\left(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl}\\right)} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ã â {\\displaystyle \\sum } ã®ããããã®æ·»åã¯1,2,3ãæ©ããšããèŠçŽãæ¡çšããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ε i j k ε i l m = | 1 ÎŽ i l ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j i ÎŽ j l ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ÎŽ k l ÎŽ k m | = ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k i ) {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ilm}={\\begin{vmatrix}1&\\delta _{il}&\\delta _{im}\\\\\\delta _{ji}&\\delta _{jl}&\\delta _{jm}\\\\\\delta _{ki}&\\delta _{kl}&\\delta _{km}\\end{vmatrix}}=(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl})-\\delta _{il}(\\delta _{ji}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{ki})+\\delta _{im}(\\delta _{ji}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{ki})} ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â i ε i j k ε i l m = â i [ ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ÎŽ i l ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k i ) + ÎŽ i m ( ÎŽ j i ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k i ) ] = 3 ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) â ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l ) + ( ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m ) = ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ k l {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\sum _{i}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ilm}&=\\sum _{i}[(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl})-\\delta _{il}(\\delta _{ji}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{ki})+\\delta _{im}(\\delta _{ji}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{ki})]\\\\&=3(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl})-(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl})+(\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km})\\\\&=\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{km}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{kl}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â i , j ε i j k ε i j l = â j â i ε i j k ε i j l = â j ( ÎŽ j j ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ j l ÎŽ k j ) = 3 ÎŽ k l â ÎŽ k l = 2 ÎŽ k l {\\displaystyle \\sum _{i,j}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ijl}=\\sum _{j}\\sum _{i}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ijl}=\\sum _{j}(\\delta _{jj}\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{kj})=3\\delta _{kl}-\\delta _{kl}=2\\delta _{kl}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â i , j , k ε i j k ε i j k = â k â i , j ε i j k ε i j k = â k 2 ÎŽ k k = 6 {\\displaystyle \\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ijk}=\\sum _{k}\\sum _{i,j}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{ijk}=\\sum _{k}2\\delta _{kk}=6}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A â
( B à C ) = â i A i [ B à C ] i = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . B â
( C à A ) = â j B j [ C à A ] j = â i , j , k B j ε j k i C k A i = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . C â
( A à B ) = â k C k [ A à B ] k = â i , j , k C k ε k i j A i B j = â i , j , k ε i j k A i B j C k . {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {C}})&=\\sum _{i}A_{i}[{\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {C}}]_{i}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\\\\{\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {C}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})&=\\sum _{j}B_{j}[{\\boldsymbol {C}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}]_{j}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}B_{j}\\varepsilon _{jki}C_{k}A_{i}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\\\\{\\boldsymbol {C}}\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})&=\\sum _{k}C_{k}[{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}C_{k}\\varepsilon _{kij}A_{i}B_{j}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{i}B_{j}C_{k}.\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ A à ( B à C ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k A j [ B à C ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k A j ε k l m B l C m = â â j , k , l , m ε k j i ε k l m A j B l C m = â â j , l , m ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l ) A j B l C m = â j , l , m ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l A j B l C m â â j , l , m ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m A j B l C m = â j A j B i C j â â j A j B j C i = ( A â
C ) B i â ( A â
B ) C i {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[}{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times ({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {C}})]_{i}&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}[{\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {C}}]_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}\\varepsilon _{klm}B_{l}C_{m}\\\\&=-\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{kji}\\varepsilon _{klm}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\\\&=-\\sum _{j,l,m}(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{im}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{il})A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{il}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}-\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{im}A_{j}B_{l}C_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j}A_{j}B_{i}C_{j}-\\sum _{j}A_{j}B_{j}C_{i}\\\\&=({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {C}})B_{i}-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})C_{i}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåéç©ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©åã³ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã䜿ããš",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( A Ã B ) â
( C Ã D ) = C â
[ D Ã ( A Ã B ) ] = C â
[ ( D â
B ) A â ( D â
A ) B ] = ( A â
C ) B â ( A â
B ) C . {\\displaystyle ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {C}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {D}})={\\boldsymbol {C}}\\cdot [{\\boldsymbol {D}}\\times ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})]={\\boldsymbol {C}}\\cdot [({\\boldsymbol {D}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}}){\\boldsymbol {A}}-({\\boldsymbol {D}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}}){\\boldsymbol {B}}]=({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {C}}){\\boldsymbol {B}}-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}}){\\boldsymbol {C}}.}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«åéç©ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ããã»ãšãã©èªæã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ãæçåŒã®èšŒæ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®å
¬åŒã代å
¥ããŠèšç®ããã ãã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®è¡šåŒãçšãããšãè€éãªåŸ®åã®èšç®ã簡䟿ã«è¡ãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â Ã ( â f ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times (\\nabla f)=0}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( â Ã A ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\cdot (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})=0}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â à ( â f ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ â f ] k = â j , k ε i j k â j â k f {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[\\nabla \\times (\\nabla f)]}_{i}&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}[\\nabla f]_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{k}f\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã ε i j k â i â j f {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}f} ã«ã€ããŠã i > j {\\displaystyle i>j} ã®é
ã¯ã ε j i k â j â i f = â ε i j k â i â j f {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{jik}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{i}f=-\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}f} ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã( ε i j k â i â j f + ε j i k â j â i f = 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}f+\\varepsilon _{jik}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{i}f=0} )ã i = j {\\displaystyle i=j} ã®é
㯠ε i j k â i â j f = ε i i k â i â i f = 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}f=\\varepsilon _{iik}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{i}f=0} ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã â à ( â f ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times (\\nabla f)=0} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( â à A ) = â i â i [ â à A ] i = â i , j , k â i ε i j k â j A k = â i , j , k ε i j k â i â j A k {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\nabla \\cdot (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})&=\\sum _{i}\\partial _{i}[\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}]_{i}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\partial _{i}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}A_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{k}\\\\\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã ε i j k â i â j A k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{k}} ã«ã€ããŠã i > j {\\displaystyle i>j} ã®é
ã¯ã ε j i k â j â i A k = â ε i j k â i â j A k {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{jik}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{i}A_{k}=-\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{k}} ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã( ε i j k â i â j A k + ε j i k â j â i A k = 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{k}+\\varepsilon _{jik}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{i}A_{k}=0} )ã i = j {\\displaystyle i=j} ã®é
㯠ε i j k â i â j A k = ε i i k â i â i A k = 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{k}=\\varepsilon _{iik}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{i}A_{k}=0} ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã â â
( â à A ) = 0 {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\cdot (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})=0} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( A Ã B ) = ( â Ã A ) â
B â A â
( â Ã B ) {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})=(\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}}-{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â Ã ( A Ã B ) = ( B â
â ) A â ( A â
â ) B + A ( â â
B ) â B ( â â
A ) {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})=({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {A}}-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {B}}+{\\boldsymbol {A}}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})-{\\boldsymbol {B}}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}})}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â ( A â
B ) = A Ã ( â Ã B ) + B Ã ( â Ã A ) + ( A â
â ) B + ( B â
â ) A {\\displaystyle \\nabla ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})={\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times (\\nabla \\times B)+{\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})+({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {B}}+({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {A}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( A à B ) = â i , j , k â i ( ε i j k A j B k ) = â i , j , k ε i j k ( â i A j ) B k + â i , j , k ε i j k A j ( â i B k ) = ( â à A ) â
B â A â
( â Ã B ) . {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\nabla \\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\partial _{i}(\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}B_{k})\\\\&=\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}(\\partial _{i}A_{j})B_{k}+\\sum _{i,j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}A_{j}(\\partial _{i}B_{k})\\\\&=(\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}}-{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}).\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â à ( A à B ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ A à B ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k ε k l m â j ( A l B m ) = â â j , k , l , m ε k j i ε k l m â j ( A l B m ) = â â j , l , m ( ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l ) â j ( A l B m ) = â j , l , m ÎŽ j m ÎŽ i l â j ( A l B m ) â â j , l , m ÎŽ j l ÎŽ i m â j ( A l B m ) = â j â j ( A i B j ) â â j â j ( A j B i ) = â j B j â j A i + â j A i â j B j â â j B i â j A j â â j A j â j B i = ( B â
â ) A i + A i ( â â
B ) â ( A â
â ) B i â B i ( â â
A ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[\\nabla \\times ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})}]_{i}&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}[{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}}]_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\varepsilon _{klm}\\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\\\&=-\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{kji}\\varepsilon _{klm}\\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\\\&=-\\sum _{j,l,m}(\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{im}-\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{il})\\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\\\&=\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{jm}\\delta _{il}\\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})-\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{jl}\\delta _{im}\\partial _{j}(A_{l}B_{m})\\\\&=\\sum _{j}\\partial _{j}(A_{i}B_{j})-\\sum _{j}\\partial _{j}(A_{j}B_{i})\\\\&=\\sum _{j}B_{j}\\partial _{j}A_{i}+\\sum _{j}A_{i}\\partial _{j}B_{j}-\\sum _{j}B_{i}\\partial _{j}A_{j}-\\sum _{j}A_{j}\\partial _{j}B_{i}\\\\&=({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot \\nabla )A_{i}+A_{i}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla )B_{i}-B_{i}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}})\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã â Ã ( A Ã B ) = ( B â
â ) A â ( A â
â ) B + A ( â â
B ) â B ( â â
A ) {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})=({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {A}}-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {B}}+{\\boldsymbol {A}}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})-{\\boldsymbol {B}}(\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}})} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â ( A â
B ) ] i = â j â i ( A j B j ) = â j B j â i A j + â j A j â i B j . {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[\\nabla ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})]}_{i}&=\\sum _{j}\\partial _{i}(A_{j}B_{j})\\\\&=\\sum _{j}B_{j}\\partial _{i}A_{j}+\\sum _{j}A_{j}\\partial _{i}B_{j}.\\\\\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã [ A à ( â à B ) ] i = â j A j â i B j â ( A â
â ) B i {\\displaystyle [{\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {B}})]_{i}=\\sum _{j}A_{j}\\partial _{i}B_{j}-({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {B}}_{i}} ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãããã第äºé
ã«ä»£å
¥ããã第äžé
ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ãããããã代å
¥ãããšçµå±ã â ( A â
B ) = A Ã ( â Ã B ) + B Ã ( â Ã A ) + ( A â
â ) B + ( B â
â ) A {\\displaystyle \\nabla ({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {B}})={\\boldsymbol {A}}\\times (\\nabla \\times B)+{\\boldsymbol {B}}\\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})+({\\boldsymbol {A}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {B}}+({\\boldsymbol {B}}\\cdot \\nabla ){\\boldsymbol {A}}} ãåŸãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( f A ) = â f â
A + f â â
A {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\cdot (f{\\boldsymbol {A}})=\\nabla f\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}}+f\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â à ( f A ) = â f à A + f â à A {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times (f{\\boldsymbol {A}})=\\nabla f\\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}+f\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
( f A ) = â i â i ( f A i ) = â i ( â i f ) A i + â i f ( â i A i ) = â f â
A + f â â
A {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\nabla \\cdot (f{\\boldsymbol {A}})&=\\sum _{i}\\partial _{i}(fA_{i})\\\\&=\\sum _{i}(\\partial _{i}f)A_{i}+\\sum _{i}f(\\partial _{i}A_{i})\\\\&=\\nabla f\\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}}+f\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â à f A ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j ( f A k ) = â j , k ε i j k â j f A k + â j , k ε i j k f â j A k = [ â f à A ] i + [ f â à A ] i {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[\\nabla \\times f{\\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}(fA_{k})\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}f\\,A_{k}+\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}f\\partial _{j}\\,A_{k}\\\\&={[\\nabla f\\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}+{[f\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}]}_{i}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â Ã ( â Ã A ) = â ( â â
A ) â Î A {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})=\\nabla (\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}})-\\Delta {\\boldsymbol {A}}} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â à ( â à A ) ] i = â j , k ε i j k â j [ â à A ] k = â j , k , l , m ε i j k â j ε k l m â l A m = â j , k , l , m ε k i j ε k l m â j â l A m = â j , l , m ( ÎŽ i l ÎŽ j m â ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j l ) â j â l A m = â j , l , m ÎŽ i l ÎŽ j m â j â l A m â â j , l , m ÎŽ i m ÎŽ j l â j â l A m = â j â i â j A j â â j â j â j A i {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}{[}\\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{i}&=\\sum _{j,k}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}[\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}]_{k}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{ijk}\\partial _{j}\\varepsilon _{klm}\\partial _{l}{A}_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,k,l,m}\\varepsilon _{kij}\\varepsilon _{klm}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{l}A_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,l,m}(\\delta _{il}\\delta _{jm}-\\delta _{im}\\delta _{jl})\\partial _{j}\\partial _{l}A_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{il}\\delta _{jm}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{l}A_{m}-\\sum _{j,l,m}\\delta _{im}\\delta _{jl}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{l}A_{m}\\\\&=\\sum _{j}\\partial _{i}\\partial _{j}A_{j}-\\sum _{j}\\partial _{j}\\partial _{j}A_{i}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã®æåã«ã€ããŠå±éãããš",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 1 = â 1 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 1 {\\displaystyle {[}\\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{1}=\\partial _{1}(\\partial _{1}A_{1}+\\partial _{2}A_{2}+\\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\\partial _{1}^{2}+\\partial _{2}^{2}+\\partial _{3}^{2})A_{1}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 2 = â 2 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 2 {\\displaystyle {[}\\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{2}=\\partial _{2}(\\partial _{1}A_{1}+\\partial _{2}A_{2}+\\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\\partial _{1}^{2}+\\partial _{2}^{2}+\\partial _{3}^{2})A_{2}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[ â Ã ( â Ã A ) ] 3 = â 3 ( â 1 A 1 + â 2 A 2 + â 3 A 3 ) â ( â 1 2 + â 2 2 + â 3 2 ) A 3 {\\displaystyle {[}\\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}}){]}_{3}=\\partial _{3}(\\partial _{1}A_{1}+\\partial _{2}A_{2}+\\partial _{3}A_{3})-(\\partial _{1}^{2}+\\partial _{2}^{2}+\\partial _{3}^{2})A_{3}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããã㯠â à ( â à A ) = â ( â â
A ) â Î A {\\displaystyle \\nabla \\times (\\nabla \\times {\\boldsymbol {A}})=\\nabla (\\nabla \\cdot {\\boldsymbol {A}})-\\Delta {\\boldsymbol {A}}} ã§ããããšãæå³ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èšç®ã¯ãé»ç£æ°åŠçã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããã®ã§ãããç·Žç¿ããŠãããã°ãªããªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« r {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {r}}} ã«ã€ã㊠r = | r | = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 {\\displaystyle r=|{\\boldsymbol {r}}|={\\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}} ãšãããšã â r n = n r n â 2 r {\\displaystyle \\nabla r^{n}=nr^{n-2}{\\boldsymbol {r}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â x r n = n r n â 1 â â x x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = n r n â 1 x r = n r n â 2 x {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial x}}r^{n}=nr^{n-1}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial x}}{\\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}=nr^{n-1}{\\frac {x}{r}}=nr^{n-2}x}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y , z {\\displaystyle y,z} ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã â r n = ( n r n â 2 x n r n â 2 y n r n â 2 z ) = n r n â 2 r . {\\displaystyle \\nabla r^{n}={\\begin{pmatrix}nr^{n-2}x\\\\nr^{n-2}y\\\\nr^{n-2}z\\end{pmatrix}}=nr^{n-2}{\\boldsymbol {r}}.}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã極座æšã§ã®åŸé
ãçºæ£ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãæ±ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "極座æšã§ã¯ãäœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã¯ r = ( x y z ) = ( r sin Ξ cos Ï r sin Ξ sin Ï r cos Ξ ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {r}}={\\begin{pmatrix}x\\\\y\\\\z\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}r\\sin \\theta \\cos \\varphi \\\\r\\sin \\theta \\sin \\varphi \\\\r\\cos \\theta \\end{pmatrix}}} ãšãªããæ£èŠçŽäº€åºåºã¯ e r := â r â r | â r â r | = ( sin Ξ cos Ï sin Ξ sin Ï cos Ξ ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}:={\\frac {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial r}}{\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial r}}\\right|}}={\\begin{pmatrix}\\sin \\theta \\cos \\varphi \\\\\\sin \\theta \\sin \\varphi \\\\\\cos \\theta \\end{pmatrix}}} , e Ξ := â r â Ξ | â r â Ξ | = 1 r ( r cos Ξ cos Ï r cos Ξ sin Ï â r sin Ξ ) = ( cos Ξ cos Ï cos Ξ sin Ï â sin Ξ ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }:={\\frac {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\theta }}{\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\theta }}\\right|}}={\\frac {1}{r}}{\\begin{pmatrix}r\\cos \\theta \\cos \\varphi \\\\r\\cos \\theta \\sin \\varphi \\\\-r\\sin \\theta \\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}\\cos \\theta \\cos \\varphi \\\\\\cos \\theta \\sin \\varphi \\\\-\\sin \\theta \\end{pmatrix}}} , e Ï := â r â Ï | â r â Ï | = 1 r sin Ξ ( â r sin Ξ sin Ï r sin Ξ cos Ï 0 ) = ( â sin Ï cos Ï 0 ) {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }:={\\frac {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\varphi }}{\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\varphi }}\\right|}}={\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\begin{pmatrix}-r\\sin \\theta \\sin \\varphi \\\\r\\sin \\theta \\cos \\varphi \\\\0\\end{pmatrix}}={\\begin{pmatrix}-\\sin \\varphi \\\\\\cos \\varphi \\\\0\\end{pmatrix}}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "埮å°å€äœãã¯ãã« d r = d x e x + d y e y + d z e z {\\displaystyle d{\\boldsymbol {r}}=dx{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{x}+dy{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{y}+dz{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{z}} ã¯æ¥µåº§æšã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "d r = â r â r d r + â r â Ξ d Ξ + â r â Ï d Ï = | â r â r | e r d r + | â r â Ξ | e Ξ d Ξ + | â r â Ï | e Ï d Ï = e r d r + r e Ξ d Ξ + r sin Ξ e Ï d Ï {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}d{\\boldsymbol {r}}&={\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial r}}dr+{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\theta }}d\\theta +{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\varphi }}d\\varphi \\\\&=\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial r}}\\right|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\theta }}\\right|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }d\\theta +\\left|{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {r}}}{\\partial \\varphi }}\\right|{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }d\\varphi \\\\&={\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+r{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }d\\theta +r\\sin \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }d\\varphi \\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢æ° f {\\displaystyle f} ã®å
šåŸ®å d f {\\displaystyle df} 㯠d f = d f d x d x + d f d y d y + d f d z d z = â f â
d r {\\displaystyle df={\\frac {df}{dx}}dx+{\\frac {df}{dy}}dy+{\\frac {df}{dz}}dz=\\nabla f\\cdot d{\\boldsymbol {r}}} ãšãªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã â f = â r f e r + â Ξ f e Ξ + â Ï f e Ï {\\displaystyle \\nabla f=\\nabla _{r}f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+\\nabla _{\\theta }f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }+\\nabla _{\\varphi }f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }} ãšãããšã d f = â f â
d r = ( â r f e r + â Ξ f e Ξ + â Ï f e Ï ) â
( e r d r + r e Ξ d Ξ + r sin Ξ e Ï d Ï ) = â r f d r + r â Ξ f d Ξ + r sin Ξ â Ï f d Ï {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}df&=\\nabla f\\cdot d{\\boldsymbol {r}}\\\\&=(\\nabla _{r}f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+\\nabla _{\\theta }f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }+\\nabla _{\\varphi }f\\,{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi })\\cdot ({\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}dr+r{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }d\\theta +r\\sin \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }d\\varphi )\\\\&=\\nabla _{r}f\\,dr+r\\nabla _{\\theta }f\\,d\\theta +r\\sin \\theta \\nabla _{\\varphi }f\\,d\\varphi \\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããããšæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®å
šåŸ®å d f = â f â r d r + â f â Ξ d Ξ + â f â Ï d Ï {\\displaystyle df={\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial r}}dr+{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\theta }}d\\theta +{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\varphi }}d\\varphi } ãšæ¯èŒãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â r f = â f â r , â Ξ f = 1 r â f â Ξ , â Ï f = 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï {\\displaystyle \\nabla _{r}f={\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial r}},\\nabla _{\\theta }f={\\frac {1}{r}}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\theta }},\\nabla _{\\varphi }f={\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\varphi }}{}} ãåŸãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã¯ â f = â f â r + 1 r â f â Ξ + 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï {\\displaystyle \\nabla f={\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial r}}+{\\frac {1}{r}}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\theta }}+{\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\varphi }}{}} ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºåºãã¯ãã«ã®åŸ®åã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â e r â r = 0 , â e r â Ξ = e Ξ , â e r â Ï = sin Ξ e Ï {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\\partial r}}=0,{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\\partial \\theta }}={\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta },{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}}{\\partial \\varphi }}=\\sin \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â e Ξ â r = 0 , â e Ξ â Ξ = â e r , â e Ξ â Ï = cos Ξ e Ï {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }}{\\partial r}}=0,{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }}{\\partial \\theta }}=-{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r},{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }}{\\partial \\varphi }}=\\cos \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â e Ï â r = 0 , â e Ï â Ξ = 0 , â e Ï â Ï = â cos Ξ e r â sin Ξ e Ξ {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }}{\\partial r}}=0,{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }}{\\partial \\theta }}=0,{\\frac {\\partial {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }}{\\partial \\varphi }}=-\\cos \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}-\\sin \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ãŠæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®ãã¯ãã« A {\\displaystyle {\\boldsymbol {A}}} ã®çºæ£ãèšç®ãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â â
A = ( e r â f â r + e Ξ 1 r â â Ξ + e Ï 1 r sin Ξ â f â Ï ) â
( A r e r + A Ξ e Ξ + A Ï e Ï ) = e r â
( â A r â r e r ) + 1 r e Ξ â
( â A Ξ â Ξ e Ξ + A r e Ξ ) + 1 r sin Ξ e Ï â
( â A Ï â Ï e Ï + A r sin Ξ e Ï + A Ξ cos Ξ e Ï ) = 1 r 2 â ( r 2 A r ) â r + 1 r sin Ξ â ( sin Ξ A Ξ ) â Ξ + 1 r sin Ξ â A Ï â Ï {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}\\nabla \\cdot A&=\\left({\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial r}}+{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }{\\frac {1}{r}}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial \\theta }}+{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }{\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\varphi }}\\right)\\cdot (A_{r}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}+A_{\\theta }{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }+A_{\\varphi }{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi })\\\\&={\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}\\cdot \\left({\\frac {\\partial A_{r}}{\\partial r}}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{r}\\right)+{\\frac {1}{r}}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }\\cdot \\left({\\frac {\\partial A_{\\theta }}{\\partial \\theta }}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }+A_{r}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\theta }\\right)+{\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }\\cdot \\left({\\frac {\\partial A_{\\varphi }}{\\partial \\varphi }}{\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }+A_{r}\\sin \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }+A_{\\theta }\\cos \\theta {\\boldsymbol {e}}_{\\varphi }\\right)\\\\&={\\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\\frac {\\partial (r^{2}A_{r})}{\\partial r}}+{\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial (\\sin \\theta A_{\\theta })}{\\partial \\theta }}+{\\frac {1}{r\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial A_{\\varphi }}{\\partial \\varphi }}\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã«æ¥µåº§æšã§ã®åŸé
ãšçºæ£ã代å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Î f = â â
â f = 1 r 2 â â r ( r 2 â f â r ) + 1 r 2 sin Ξ â â Ξ ( sin Ξ â f â Ξ ) + 1 r 2 sin 2 Ξ â 2 f â Ï 2 {\\displaystyle \\Delta f=\\nabla \\cdot \\nabla f={\\frac {1}{r^{2}}}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial r}}\\left(r^{2}{\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial r}}\\right)+{\\frac {1}{r^{2}\\sin \\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial \\theta }}\\left(\\sin \\theta {\\frac {\\partial f}{\\partial \\theta }}\\right)+{\\frac {1}{r^{2}\\sin ^{2}\\theta }}{\\frac {\\partial ^{2}f}{\\partial \\varphi ^{2}}}}",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã®æ¥µåº§æšè¡šç€ºãåŸãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çã®èšç®ã«ãããŠã¯ããã³ãœã«ãšåŒã°ããéã é »ç¹ã«çšãããããããã¯3次å
ã«ãããé»ç£æ°åŠã®èšç®ãã å€å
žååŠã«ãããæ
£æ§ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããªã©ã§çšãããããã ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ãäžè¬çžå¯Ÿè«ã«ãããŠãçšããããã ãã ããç¹ã«äžè¬çžå¯Ÿè«ã«ãããŠã¯ãèšéãã³ãœã«ãšåŒã°ãã ç¹æ®ãªãã³ãœã«ãå°å
¥ããããããèšç®ãéåžžã«è€éã«ãªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãäž»ã«3次å
ã®ãã³ãœã«èšç®ãæ±ããã ç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ã«ãããèšç®ãå°ãæ±ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯ããã³ãœã«ãå®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããn次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãèããã ãã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠãäžè¬ã«ãããã¯ãã«ãããããšåã 次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å€æãããããªç·åœ¢å€æãèããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å€æã¯ããã®ãã¯ãã«ãåã次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å€æããããšããã n*nã®è¡åã§æžããããšãåããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠã次ã«ãããã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ããã€ãã®(måãšããã)çŽç©ãåã£ãŠã mnåã®èŠçŽ ãå«ãåãã¯ãã«ãäœãããšãèããã çŽç©ã®åãæ¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç©çæ°åŠIãåç
§ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æäœã«ãã£ãŠã§ããmnãã¯ãã«ã¯ãäžã®è¡åã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããã nè¡ã®ãã¯ãã«ããåºæ¥ãm次ã®ãã³ãœã«ã®äžçš®ãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããäžè¬ã®ãã³ãœã«ã¯ããå°ãè€éã§ã æ¢ã«äžã§åŸããã¯ãã«ãšã®ã€ãªãããå¿ããŠããŸã£ãmn次å
ã®ãã¯ãã«ã äžãšåãæ§ãªå€ææ§ãæã€ãšãããããäžã®ãã¯ãã«ã«å¯Ÿãã m次ã®ãã³ãœã«ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãããã«ãããã®ãã³ãœã«ãåŸãå€æã®è¡åã æ§æããããšãèããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãå
ã»ã©å®ããmnè¡ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®æåã®ãã¡ãçŽç©ãåãããåã¯å¥ã® ãã¯ãã«ã ã£ãéšåã®ããããããçŽç©ãåãããåãšåãããã«å€æãããã㪠mn*mn次ã®å€æè¡åãäœãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ã¯ãå
ã»ã©å®ããn*nã®è¡åã«ããå€æã®måã®çŽç©ãåã£ãŠã mn*mnã®è¡åãäœãã°ããã ãã®ãšãè¡åã®çŽç©ã®æ§è³ª",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ãã®è¡åãå
ã»ã©ã®æ§è³ªãæºããããšãåããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããããã®è¡åããã¯ãã«ã¯æ·»åãããŸãã€ããããšã«ãã£ãŠ æžãè¡šãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã»ã©è¿°ã¹ããã¡ãå
ã
ã®ãã¯ãã«ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãã 次ã«ãå
ã
ã®ãã¯ãã«ãå€æããè¡åã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããšããã®è¡åã«ããå€æãããåŸã®ãã¯ãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§è¡šããããã ããã§ãè¡åãæ·»åãçšããŠèšç®ããæ¹æ³ã䜿ã£ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããç©çã®èšç®ã«ãããŠã¯ã \"åãåŒã®äžã«åãæ·»åã2ååºãŠæ¥ããšãããã®2ã€ã®æ·»åã 足ãåããã\"ãšããèŠçŽãçšããããšãå€ãã ãããEinsteinã®èŠçŽãšåŒã³ãäžè¬çžå¯Ÿè«ã§EinsteinãçšããŠãã ãã䜿ãããããã«ãªã£ãã ãã®èŠçŽãçšãããšãäžã®åŒã¯ç°¡åã«ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããã以äžã®èšç®ã§ã¯ãåžžã«ãã®èŠçŽãçšãã ãã®èŠçŽãé©çšãããªããšããã§ã¯ã泚ææžããè¡ãªãããšãšããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãå
ã
ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®çŽç©ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ãã ããããã§ã¯ãç°¡åã«ããããm=2ãšå®ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããå€æããmn*mnè¡åã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ãŸãããããã®è¡åã«ãã£ãŠå€æããããã¯ãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§è¡šããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®å€æåããäžè¬çãªãã³ãœã«ãæ§æããããšãåºæ¥ãã äŸãã°ãããã§ãm =2ãšå®ãããäžã®è°è«ãããã®é㯠2ã€ã®æ·»åãçšããŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ããã®éãåŸãå€æåã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšããããããã®éãããå€æ Î {\\displaystyle \\Lambda } ã«å¯Ÿããã 2次ã®ãã³ãœã«ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããã³ãœã«ã®ä»£æ°ãå®çŸ©ããããã®ããšãçšããŠã ããããã¯ããè€éãªåŸ®åãèŠãŠè¡ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å€æ°é¢æ°ã®ç©åã¯1å€æ°ã®å Žåã®æ¡åŒµã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããã ç¹ã«ãããã€ãã®èšç®ã¯ç©ççãªæå³ãæ確ã§ããã®ã§ ç©çæ°åŠã«ãããŠãæ±ãããããšãå€ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§çŽäº€åº§æšç³»ãçšããå Žåã«ã€ããŠã ããå®çãå°åºããã ãã®å®çã¯ããã¯ãã«ã®çºæ£ãšããéã®ç©ççæå³ã äžããŠãããç¹ã§éèŠã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã ããã§ã巊蟺ã®äœç©ç©åã¯ããé åã«ã€ããŠè¡ãªããã å³èŸºã®è¡šé¢ç©åã¯ããã®é åãå²ãé¢ç©å
šäœã«å¯Ÿã㊠è¡ãªãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çãã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çãšåŒã¶ã ã¬ãŠã¹ã¯19äžçŽã®éåžžã«æåãªæ°åŠè
ã®ååã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åºã«ç§»ãåã«ããã®å®çã®æå³ãè¿°ã¹ãã ãŸãã¯å³èŸºã«æ³šç®ãããå³èŸºã®è¢«ç©åé¢æ°",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãããç¹ã§ã®é¢ç©èŠçŽ ã«åçŽãª",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å€ãè¡šãããŠãããããã¯äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæµäœååŠã§ããæµäœã®æµããé床ãè¡šãããã¯ãã«ã ã£ããšãããªãã ãã®æµãã®ãã¡ã§ä»å®ããé¢ç©èŠçŽ ããæµãã ãæµéãè¡šãããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®éãé åVãå²ãè¡šé¢å
šäœã§è¶³ãåãããããšããããã®é㯠é åVããæµãåºãæµäœã®æµéã®åã«çããããšãåããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãé åVã®äžã«æµäœãããã ããŠæ¥ããããªå Žæãåã£ããšãããšããã®ãšã é åVããæµãåºãæµéã¯ãæéã«ãªããšèããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ã¯ã巊蟺ã§",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæµäœã®ããã ãã®åãã§æéã«ãªã£ãŠããªããã°ãªããªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®ããšãããã¯ãã«ã®çºæ£ã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æå³ã¯ããã¯ãã«Aã®ããã ãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããšãåããã çºæ£ãšããååã¯ããã¯ãã«Aãã©ããããçŸãããŠãåãã«åºãã£ãŠè¡ã æ§åããæ¥ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯ããã®å®çã®å°åºã«ç§»ãããã ããããã§ã®å°åºã¯çŽèŠ³çãªãã®ã§ããã å±é移è¡çã«ã€ããŠã¯æ°åŠçã«å³å¯ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã泚æããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããé åVãéåžžã«å°ããç«æ¹äœã®é å v i {\\displaystyle v_{i}} ã«åå²ããã é åVãã©ããªåœ¢ã§ãã£ãŠãããã®ããšã¯åžžã«å¯èœã ãšæåŸ
ãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãããäºãã«æ¥ãåã2ã€ã®å°ããé å v 1 {\\displaystyle v_{1}} ãš v 2 {\\displaystyle v_{2}} ã«ã€ã㊠ãã®å®çã瀺ããããšããã ãã®ãšããé å v 1 {\\displaystyle v_{1}} ãšé åã v 2 {\\displaystyle v_{2}} æ¥ããŠããé¢ãèããã ããããã®é åããã®å¯äžã¯ããã®ç¹ã§ã®ãã¯ãã«ã®å€§ãããš ãã®é¢ç©èŠçŽ ã®å€§ãããåãã§ããããšããåãã§ãããšèãããã ãŸãããããã¯äºãã«æ¥ããŠããã®ã§ãé¢ç©åã®æ§è³ªããèŠãŠã ãããã®å¯äžã¯äºãã«ç°ãªã£ã笊åãæã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãä»èããŠããé å2ã€ã匵ãã€ããŠæ°ããé å v 3 {\\displaystyle v_{3}} ãäœãããã®é åã«ã€ããŠå
ã®åŒã®å·ŠèŸºãèšç®ãããšã ãã®éã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã§ãå³èŸºã«ã€ããŠãäºãã«éãªã£ãéšåã®å¯äžãæã¡æ¶ãåãããšããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããã« v 3 {\\displaystyle v_{3}} ã®åãã«ã€ããŠå
ã®åŒã®è¡šåŒãæãç«ã£ãŠããã ãã㧠v 3 {\\displaystyle v_{3}} ã®å²ãé åã®è¡šé¢ãšããŠ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããè¡šåŒãå°å
¥ãããå®éã«ã¯ãã®è¡šåŒã¯æ°åŠã®æ¬ããæ¥ãŠããã ç©çã®æ¬ã§ãå²åããçšããããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµå±ãå°ããç«æ¹äœã«ã€ããŠãã®å®çã瀺ãããã°ãå
ã®é åã«ã€ããŠã ãã®å®çãæ£ããããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãã®ããšãå®éå°ããç«æ¹äœã«ã€ããŠæ£ããããšãèŠãã ç«æ¹äœã®èŸºã®é·ãã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ãšããã ãã®ãšããå
ã®åŒã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽã«ãå³èŸºã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªè¡šåŒãåŸãããããã®åŒã¯ãããããã®é¢ã«å¯Ÿããé¢ç©åããããããŸã« ç©åãããã®ã§ãããããã§ãç¹ã«ããããã®é¢ã®äžå¿ãéãããã« ç©åã®ç¹ãéžãã§ãããããã¯ãå±é移è¡ãããŸãè¡ãªãããã ãã ããå°ãéã£ãç¹ãéžãã§ãçµæãåŸãããšã¯åºæ¥ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãäžã®è¡šåŒã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã©ãŒå±éããããã®ãšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ããããŸãšãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããã¯ã¡ããã©å·ŠèŸºããã®åŒãšäžèŽããŠããã ãã£ãŠãå°ããç«æ¹äœã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®å®çã¯æ£ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãã¯ãã«ã®å転ã®ç©ççæå³ãç¹åŸŽã¥ããå®çãæ±ãã ãŸãã¯å®çãè¿°ã¹ãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 248,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã ããã§ããã®åŒã®å·ŠèŸºã¯ããé¢ç©Sã«ã€ããŠç©åãã ãã®åŒã®å³èŸºã¯ããã®é¢ç©ã®å€åšã«ã€ããŠã®ç·ç©åãè¡ãªãã ããã§ããããé¢ç©Sã®å€åšã®ããšãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 249,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 250,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çãã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ã®å®çãšåŒã¶ã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 251,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæµäœã®é床ãã¯ãã«ãšããŠã¿ãããã®ãšããé床ãã¯ãã«ãããé¢ç©ã® å€åšã«ã€ããŠç©åãããšãããã®å€ã¯ãã®é¢ç©å
ã®é床ã®å転ã®ç©åã« çããããã®ããšã¯ãé床ãã¯ãã«ã®å転ãããããã®æµäœã®æžŠã®ãã㪠ãã®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããšã瀺ããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 252,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éãæµäœååŠã§ã¯",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 253,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããšã枊床ãšåŒã³ãæµäœäžã®æžŠã®æ§åã瀺ãéèŠãªéãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 254,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ§ã«ããã¯ãã«ã®å転ã¯ãã®ãã¯ãã«ã«ã€ããŠããéããçµè·¯ã«ã€ã㊠ç©åãããã®ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 255,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå
šãŠã®ç¹ã§æãç«ã€å Žåãå
šãŠã®éçµè·¯ã«å¯Ÿããç·ç©åã¯0ã«çãããªãã ããã¯ãæµäœã§ãããšæžŠç¡ãã®æµãã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 256,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®çµæã¯è€çŽ 解æã®ç·ç©åã®å®çã®1ã€ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããã®é¢ããã éèŠã§ãããè€çŽ 解æã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç©çæ°åŠIIã§æ±ãäºå®ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 257,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããé¢ç©Sã蟺ã®é·ãã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã«çããå°ããªæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«åããã æ£æ¹åœ¢ã®å€§ãããååå°ãããšãããã®ããšã¯åžžã«å¯èœã§ãããšæåŸ
ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 258,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãäºãã«æ¥ããŠããå°ããæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠããããã®èŸºããã®ç·ç©åã®å¯äžã¯ã 倧ãããçããã笊åãå察ã§ããããšãåããããã®ããšã¯ãç·ç©åã® çµè·¯ãåæèšåãã«åããšããããŸããå®ã£ãŠãããšããã®èŸºã§æ¥ããããã«ã¯ ç©åã®åããéã«ãªã£ãŠããªããŠã¯ãããªããšããããšã«ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 259,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãä»æããå°ããª2ã€ã®æ£æ¹åœ¢ã匵ãä»ããé·æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ã㊠åãèšç®ãè¡ãªãããã®ãšããäºãã«åŒµãã€ãã1ã€ã®èŸºããã®å¯äžã¯æã¡æ¶ã ããã®ã§ãåãèšç®ã匵ãã€ããåŸã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 260,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšãç¹°ããããã°ãå°ããªæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠãã®å®çãæãç«ã£ããšãã å
ã
ã®é åã«ã€ããŠããã®å®çãæãç«ã€ãšæåŸ
ã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 261,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãããã§ã蟺ã®é·ãã ε {\\displaystyle \\epsilon } ã«çããæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠãã®å®çã æãç«ã£ãŠããããšã瀺ãã ãããã®æ£æ¹åœ¢ã®å蟺ã«å¹³è¡ã«ãªãããã«ãx,y軞ãåã£ãŠ",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 262,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å·ŠèŸºãèšç®ãããšã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 263,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã 次ã«å³èŸºã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 264,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããã¯å³èŸºã®è¡šåŒãšçããã ãã£ãŠãå°ããæ£æ¹åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠãã®å®çã¯ç€ºãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 265,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã以åã®è°è«ãããã®ãšãå
ã®é åã«ã€ããŠããã®å®çã¯æ£ããããšã åãã£ãŠããããã£ãŠãå
šãŠã®é åã«ã€ããŠããã®å®çã¯æ£ããããšã 瀺ãããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 266,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽäº€åº§æšç³»ã§ãªããšãã«ã grad,div,rotãèšç®ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã§ã¯ãŸãã座æšç³»ã®å®çŸ©ãè¡ãªãããšããå§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 267,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 268,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäžã®è°è«ãããã®ããšã¯å
šãŠã®é åVã«å¯ŸããŠããã®å®çãæ£ããããšã 瀺ããŠããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 269,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å®çã¯é»ç£æ°åŠã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããéèŠãªå®çã§ããã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«è§£æã®å
¬åŒ"
}
] | ç©çæ°åŠI > ãã¯ãã«è§£æ | <small> [[ç©çæ°åŠI]] > ãã¯ãã«è§£æ</small>
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\begin{matrix}
\textrm{rot} \vec a = \\
\begin{pmatrix}
\frac{\partial{{a _z}}}{\partial{y}} -\frac{\partial{{a _y}}}{\partial{z}}
&\frac{\partial{{a _x}}}{\partial{z}} -\frac{\partial{{a _z}}}{\partial{x}}
&\frac{\partial{{a _y}}}{\partial{x}} -\frac{\partial{{a _x}}}{\partial{y}}
\end{pmatrix}\\
=
\begin{vmatrix}
\vec e _x &\vec e _y&\vec e _z\\
\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{x}}}&\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{y}}}& \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{y}}}\\
a _1&a _2&a _3
\end{vmatrix}
\end{matrix}
</math>
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ã¯ãããã«ãŒã®ãã«ã¿ <math>\delta_{ij}</math>ã
{{åŒçªå·|<math>\delta_{ij} = \begin{cases} 1 & i=j\\ 0 & i \ne j\end{cases}</math>|1}}
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=== ã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå· ===
ã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå· <math>\varepsilon_{ijk}</math> ã
{{åŒçªå·|<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = \begin{cases}
1 & \, (i, j, k) = (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2) \\
-1 & \, (i, j, k) = (1, 3, 2), (3, 2, 1), (2, 1, 3) \\
0 & \mathrm{otherwise}
\end{cases}</math>|2}}
ãšå®çŸ©ãããããªãã¡ã眮æ <math>\sigma=\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
i & j & k \end{pmatrix}</math> ïŒãã ã <math>i,j,k</math> ã¯äºãã«ç°ãªãïŒãå¶çœ®æã®ãšãã<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = 1</math>ãå¥çœ®æã®ãšã<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = -1</math> ã§ããããŸããã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå· <math>\varepsilon_{ijk}</math> 㯠<math>\varepsilon_{123} = 1</math> ã§ããã2ã€ã®æ·»åãå
¥ãæ¿ãããš -1 åãããïŒå察称ïŒãã® (e.g. <math>\varepsilon_{213} = -\varepsilon_{123} = -1 ,\,\varepsilon_{231} = -\varepsilon_{213} = 1 </math>)ãšç解ã§ãããæ·»åã«åãæ°åããããšãã¯ã¬ãŽã£ã»ããŽã£ã¿èšå·ã¯ 0 ã§ããïŒe.g. <math>\varepsilon_{111} = 0,\,\varepsilon_{322} = 0</math>ïŒã
åºæ¬ãã¯ãã« <math>\boldsymbol e_i</math> ã <math>\boldsymbol e_i = \begin{pmatrix} \delta_{1i} \\ \delta_{2i} \\ \delta_{3i} \end{pmatrix}</math> ãšãããããªãã¡ã<math>\boldsymbol e_1 = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},\boldsymbol e_2 = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix},\boldsymbol e_3 = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}</math> ã§ããã
<math>\nabla =
\begin{pmatrix}
\frac{\partial}{\partial x} \\
\frac{\partial}{\partial y} \\
\frac{\partial}{\partial z}
\end{pmatrix}</math> ãããã©ãšããã
ããã©ãéåžžã®ãã¯ãã«æŒç®ãšåãããã«æ±ããšãgrad,div,rotã¯ç°¡åã«
: <math>
\textrm{grad } f = \nabla f
</math>
: <math>
\textrm{div} \vec a = \nabla \cdot \vec a
</math>
: <math>
\textrm{rot} \vec a = \nabla \times \vec a
</math>
ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ãã
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<math> \Delta := \nabla \cdot \nabla = \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2}{\partial z^2}
</math> ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãšãããã¹ã«ã©ãŒé¢æ° <math> f
</math> ã«ã€ã㊠<math> \Delta f =\frac{\partial^2f}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2f}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2f}{\partial z^2}
</math> ã§ããããã¯ãã«é¢æ° <math> \boldsymbol A
</math> ã«ã€ã㊠<math> \Delta \boldsymbol A = \begin{pmatrix}
\frac{\partial^2A_x}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_x}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_x}{\partial z^2} \\
\frac{\partial^2A_y}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_y}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_y}{\partial z^2} \\
\frac{\partial^2A_z}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_z}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2A_z}{\partial z^2}
\end{pmatrix}
</math> ã§ããã
以äžã§ã¯ãç°¡åã®ããã«ãã¯ãã« <math>\boldsymbol A</math>ã® <math>x</math> æå <math>A_x</math> ã <math>A_1</math>ã <math>y</math> æå <math>A_y</math> ã <math>A_2</math>ã <math>z</math> æå <math>A_z</math> ã <math>A_3</math> ãšæžããå埮åã«ã€ããŠã <math>\frac{\partial}{\partial x} = \partial_x = \partial_1</math> ãªã©ãšããããã¯ãã« <math>\boldsymbol A</math> 㮠第iæå <math>A_i</math> ã <math>[\boldsymbol A]_i</math> ãšæžãã
ãã¯ãã«ã®å€ç© <math>\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B</math> ã®ç¬¬iæå <math>[\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_i</math> ã¯
<math>[\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_i = \sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}A_jB_k</math>
ãšæžããããã㧠<math>\Sigma</math> ã®æ·»åã¯ãããã1ãã3ãŸã§ã®æŽæ°å€ãåããã®ãšããããã®èŠçŽã¯ä»¥äžã®æç« ã«ãé©çšããã
å®éã«ãå±éããŠç¢ºèªãããšã
<math>\begin{align}\sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{1jk}A_jB_k
&= \varepsilon_{123}A_2B_3 + \varepsilon_{132}A_3B_2 \\
&= A_2B_3 - A_3B_2 \\
&= [\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_1
\end{align}</math>
<math>\begin{align}\sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{2jk}A_jB_k
&= \varepsilon_{213}A_1B_3 + \varepsilon_{231}A_3B_1 \\
&= A_3B_1 - A_1B_3 \\
&= [\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_2
\end{align}</math>
<math>\begin{align}\sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{3jk}A_jB_k
&= \varepsilon_{312}A_1B_2 + \varepsilon_{321}A_2B_1 \\
&= A_1B_2 - A_2B_1 \\
&= [\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_3
\end{align}</math>
ãšãªããäžã®åŒã«ãããŠã <math>\sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{1jk}A_jB_k</math> ãå±éãããš9ã€ã®é
ãåºãŠãããããã®å
ã®7ã€ã® <math>\varepsilon_{1jk}</math> ã0ãšãªãããã2ã€ã®é
ã ããæ®ããããªãã¡ã<math>j=2,j=3</math> ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããé
(察å¿ãã <math>k</math> 㯠<math>\{1,2,3\}</math> ã®ãã¡1ã§ã <math>j</math> ã§ããªããã®)ã <math>\varepsilon_{123},\varepsilon_{132}</math> ã®é
ã®ã¿ãæ®ãã<math>\varepsilon_{2jk},\varepsilon_{3jk}</math> ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã
'''å®ç'''
<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = |\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k| = \boldsymbol e_i\cdot(\boldsymbol e_j \times \boldsymbol e_k) = \begin{vmatrix}
\delta_{1i} & \delta_{1j}& \delta_{1k}\\
\delta_{2i} & \delta_{2j}& \delta_{2k}\\
\delta_{3i} & \delta_{3j}& \delta_{3k}
\end{vmatrix} </math> ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>|\boldsymbol e_1 \, \boldsymbol e_2 \, \boldsymbol e_3| = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = 1 = \varepsilon_{123}</math> ã§ããã
ãããšãè¡ååŒã®æ§è³ªããã<math>|\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k| </math> ã¯å察称ã§ããããšããã<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = |\boldsymbol e_i \, \boldsymbol e_j\, \boldsymbol e_k| </math> ãåŸãã
<math>|\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k| = \boldsymbol e_i\cdot(\boldsymbol e_ j \times \boldsymbol e_k) </math> ã«ã€ããŠã¯çŽæ¥èšç®ããã°ããã
åºæ¬ãã¯ãã«ã®å®çŸ© <math>\boldsymbol e_i = \begin{pmatrix} \delta_{1i} \\ \delta_{2i} \\ \delta_{3i} \end{pmatrix}</math> ã代å
¥ããŠã<math>|\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k| = \begin{vmatrix}
\delta_{1i} & \delta_{1j}& \delta_{1k}\\
\delta_{2i} & \delta_{2j}& \delta_{2k}\\
\delta_{3i} & \delta_{3j}& \delta_{3k}
\end{vmatrix} </math> ãåŸãã
'''å®ç'''
<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{lmn} = \begin{vmatrix}
\delta_{il} & \delta_{im}& \delta_{in}\\
\delta_{jl} & \delta_{jm}& \delta_{jn}\\
\delta_{kl} & \delta_{km}& \delta_{kn}
\end{vmatrix}
= \delta_{il}\left( \delta_{jm}\delta_{kn} - \delta_{jn}\delta_{km} \right)
+ \delta_{im}\left( \delta_{jn}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{kn} \right)
+ \delta_{in}\left( \delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl} \right) </math> ã§ããã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>\varepsilon_{ijk} = |\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k|,\, \varepsilon_{lmn} = |\boldsymbol e_l \,\boldsymbol e_m \, \boldsymbol e_n| </math> ãã
<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{lmn} = |\boldsymbol e_i \,\boldsymbol e_j \, \boldsymbol e_k||\boldsymbol e_l \,\boldsymbol e_m \, \boldsymbol e_n| = \begin{vmatrix}\boldsymbol e_i^T \\ \boldsymbol e_j^T \\ \boldsymbol e_k^T \end{vmatrix}|\boldsymbol e_l \, \boldsymbol e_m \, \boldsymbol e_n| = \begin{vmatrix}
\boldsymbol e_i^T\boldsymbol e_l & \boldsymbol e_i^T\boldsymbol e_m& \boldsymbol e_i^T\boldsymbol e_n\\
\boldsymbol e_j^T\boldsymbol e_l & \boldsymbol e_j^T\boldsymbol e_m& \boldsymbol e_j^T\boldsymbol e_n\\
\boldsymbol e_k^T\boldsymbol e_l & \boldsymbol e_k^T\boldsymbol e_m& \boldsymbol e_k^T\boldsymbol e_n
\end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix}
\delta_{il} & \delta_{im}& \delta_{in}\\
\delta_{jl} & \delta_{jm}& \delta_{jn}\\
\delta_{kl} & \delta_{km}& \delta_{kn}
\end{vmatrix}. </math>
ãŸãã äœå åå±éãããŠã <math>\begin{vmatrix}
\delta_{il} & \delta_{im}& \delta_{in}\\
\delta_{jl} & \delta_{jm}& \delta_{jn}\\
\delta_{kl} & \delta_{km}& \delta_{kn}
\end{vmatrix}
= \delta_{il}\left( \delta_{jm}\delta_{kn} - \delta_{jn}\delta_{km} \right)
+ \delta_{im}\left( \delta_{jn}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{kn} \right)
+ \delta_{in}\left( \delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl} \right) </math> ãåŸãã
'''å®ç'''
# <math>\sum_i \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ilm} = \delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl} </math>
# <math>\sum_{i,j} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijl} = 2\delta_{kl} </math>
# <math>\sum_{i,j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijk} = 6 </math>
ãæãç«ã€ãããã§ã <math>\sum</math> ã®ããããã®æ·»åã¯1,2,3ãæ©ããšããèŠçŽãæ¡çšããŠããã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ilm} = \begin{vmatrix}
1 & \delta_{il}& \delta_{im}\\
\delta_{ji} & \delta_{jl}& \delta_{jm}\\
\delta_{ki} & \delta_{kl}& \delta_{km}
\end{vmatrix} = (\delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl}) - \delta_{il}(\delta_{ji}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{ki}) + \delta_{im}(\delta_{ji}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{ki}) </math> ãã
<math>\begin{align}\sum_i \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ilm} &= \sum_i [(\delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl}) - \delta_{il}(\delta_{ji}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{ki}) + \delta_{im}(\delta_{ji}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{ki})] \\
&= 3(\delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl}) - (\delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl}) + (\delta_{jm}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{km}) \\
&= \delta_{jl}\delta_{km} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{kl} \end{align} </math>
<math>\sum_{i,j} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijl} = \sum_j \sum_i \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijl} = \sum_j (\delta_{jj}\delta_{kl} - \delta_{jl}\delta_{kj}) = 3\delta_{kl} - \delta_{kl} = 2\delta_{kl} </math>
<math>\sum_{i,j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijk} = \sum_{k} \sum_{i,j} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{ijk} = \sum_{k} 2\delta_{kk} = 6 </math>
=== äžéç©ãšåéç© ===
'''å®ç'''
次ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ã
# ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç© <math>\boldsymbol A \cdot (\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C) = \boldsymbol B \cdot (\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol A) = \boldsymbol C \cdot (\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B)</math>
# ãã¯ãã«äžéç© <math>\boldsymbol A \times (\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C) = (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol C)\boldsymbol B - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B)\boldsymbol C</math>
# ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåéç© <math>(\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) \cdot (\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol D) = (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol C) (\boldsymbol B \cdot \boldsymbol D) - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol D) (\boldsymbol B \cdot \boldsymbol C)</math>
# ãã¯ãã«åéç© <math>(\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) \times (\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol D)
= [(\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) \cdot \boldsymbol D] \boldsymbol C - [(\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) \cdot \boldsymbol C] \boldsymbol D </math>
# ã€ã³ãæçåŒ <math>\boldsymbol{A} \times ( \boldsymbol{B} \times \boldsymbol{C} ) + \boldsymbol{B} \times ( \boldsymbol{C} \times \boldsymbol{A} ) + \boldsymbol{C} \times ( \boldsymbol{A} \times \boldsymbol{B} ) = 0</math>
'''蚌æ'''
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©ã®èšŒæ
<math>\begin{align}\boldsymbol A \cdot (\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C) &= \sum_i A_i[\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C]_i \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}A_iB_jC_k. \\
\boldsymbol B \cdot (\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol A) &= \sum_jB_j[\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol A]_j\\
&= \sum_{i,j,k}B_j\varepsilon_{jki}C_kA_i \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}A_iB_jC_k.\\
\boldsymbol C \cdot (\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) &= \sum_kC_k[\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B]_k \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k}C_k\varepsilon_{kij}A_iB_j \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}A_iB_jC_k.
\end{align}</math>
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®èšŒæ
<math>\begin{align}
{[}\boldsymbol A \times (\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C)]_i &= \sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}A_j[\boldsymbol B \times \boldsymbol C]_k \\
&= \sum_{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon_{ijk}A_j\varepsilon_{klm}B_lC_m \\
&= -\sum_{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon_{kji}\varepsilon_{klm}A_jB_lC_m \\
&= -\sum_{j,l,m}(\delta_{jl}\delta_{im}-\delta_{jm}\delta_{il})A_jB_lC_m\\
&= \sum_{j,l,m}\delta_{jm}\delta_{il}A_jB_lC_m - \sum_{j,l,m}\delta_{jl}\delta_{im}A_jB_lC_m\\
&= \sum_jA_jB_iC_j - \sum_jA_jB_jC_i\\
&= (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol C)B_i - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B)C_i
\end{align}</math>
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒåéç©ã®èšŒæ
ã¹ã«ã©ãŒäžéç©åã³ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã䜿ããš
<math>(\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B) \cdot (\boldsymbol C \times \boldsymbol D)
= \boldsymbol C \cdot [\boldsymbol D \times (\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B)] = \boldsymbol C \cdot [(\boldsymbol D \cdot \boldsymbol B ) \boldsymbol A - (\boldsymbol D \cdot \boldsymbol A) \boldsymbol B]
= (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol C)\boldsymbol B - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B)\boldsymbol C.</math>
ãã¯ãã«åéç©ã®èšŒæ
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ããã»ãšãã©èªæã§ããã
ã€ã³ãæçåŒã®èšŒæ
ãã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®å
¬åŒã代å
¥ããŠèšç®ããã ãã§ããã
=== 埮åå
¬åŒ ===
äžã®è¡šåŒãçšãããšãè€éãªåŸ®åã®èšç®ã簡䟿ã«è¡ãªãããšãåºæ¥ãã
'''å®ç'''
<math>\nabla \times (\nabla f) = 0</math>
<math>\nabla \cdot (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A)=0 </math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>\begin{align}
{[\nabla \times (\nabla f)]}_i &= \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j[\nabla f]_k \\
&= \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j\partial_kf
\end{align} </math>
ããã§ã<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jf </math> ã«ã€ããŠã<math>i>j </math> ã®é
ã¯ã <math>\varepsilon_{jik}\partial_j \partial_if = -\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jf </math>ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã(<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jf + \varepsilon_{jik}\partial_j \partial_if = 0 </math>)ã <math>i=j </math> ã®é
㯠<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jf = \varepsilon_{iik}\partial_i \partial_if = 0 </math> ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã<math>\nabla \times (\nabla f) = 0</math> ãåŸãã
<math>\begin{align}\nabla \cdot (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A) &= \sum_{i} \partial_i[\nabla \times \boldsymbol A]_i \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k} \partial_i \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_jA_k \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jA_k \\
\end{align} </math>
ããã§ã<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jA_k </math> ã«ã€ããŠã<math>i>j </math> ã®é
ã¯ã <math>\varepsilon_{jik}\partial_j \partial_iA_k = -\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jA_k </math>ãšæã¡æ¶ãåã(<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jA_k + \varepsilon_{jik}\partial_j \partial_iA_k = 0 </math>)ã <math>i=j </math> ã®é
㯠<math>\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_i \partial_jA_k = \varepsilon_{iik}\partial_i \partial_iA_k = 0 </math> ãšãªãã®ã§ãçµå±æåŸã®åŒã¯ 0 ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã<math>\nabla \cdot (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A)=0 </math> ãåŸãã
'''å®ç'''
<math>
\nabla \cdot (\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B ) =
(\nabla \times \boldsymbol A) \cdot \boldsymbol B - \boldsymbol A \cdot (\nabla \times \boldsymbol B)
</math>
<math>\nabla \times ( \boldsymbol{A} \times \boldsymbol{B} ) = ( \boldsymbol{B} \cdot \nabla ) \boldsymbol{A} - ( \boldsymbol{A} \cdot \nabla ) \boldsymbol{B} + \boldsymbol{A} ( \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{B} ) - \boldsymbol{B} ( \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{A} ) </math>
<math>\nabla(\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B) = \boldsymbol A \times (\nabla \times B) + \boldsymbol B \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A) + (\boldsymbol A \cdot \nabla)\boldsymbol B + (\boldsymbol B \cdot \nabla)\boldsymbol A </math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>
\begin{align}
\nabla \cdot (\boldsymbol A \times \boldsymbol B ) &= \sum_{i,j,k} \partial_i (\varepsilon_{ijk} A _j B _k) \\
&= \sum_{i,j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}(\partial _i A _j) B _k + \sum_{i,j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk} A _j (\partial _i B _k)\\
&= (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A)\cdot \boldsymbol B - \boldsymbol A \cdot (\nabla \times \boldsymbol B) .
\end{align}
</math>
<math>\begin{align}
{[\nabla \times ( \boldsymbol{A} \times \boldsymbol{B} )}]_i &= \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j[ \boldsymbol{A} \times \boldsymbol{B}]_k \\
&= \sum_{j,k,l,m} \varepsilon_{ijk}\varepsilon_{klm}\partial_j(A_lB_m) \\
&= - \sum_{j,k,l,m} \varepsilon_{kji}\varepsilon_{klm}\partial_j(A_lB_m) \\
&= - \sum_{j,l,m} (\delta_{jl}\delta_{im} - \delta_{jm}\delta_{il})\partial_j(A_lB_m) \\
& = \sum_{j,l,m}\delta_{jm}\delta_{il}\partial_j(A_lB_m)-\sum_{j,l,m} \delta_{jl}\delta_{im}\partial_j(A_lB_m)\\
&= \sum_{j} \partial_j(A_iB_j) -\sum_j \partial_j(A_jB_i) \\
&= \sum_{j} B_j\partial_jA_i + \sum_{j} A_i\partial_jB_j - \sum_j B_i\partial_jA_j - \sum_j A_j\partial_jB_i \\
&= (\boldsymbol B \cdot \nabla)A_i + A_i(\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol B) - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \nabla)B_i - B_i(\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol A)
\end{align} </math>
ããã<math>\nabla \times ( \boldsymbol{A} \times \boldsymbol{B} ) = ( \boldsymbol{B} \cdot \nabla ) \boldsymbol{A} - ( \boldsymbol{A} \cdot \nabla ) \boldsymbol{B} + \boldsymbol{A} ( \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{B} ) - \boldsymbol{B} ( \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{A} ) </math> ãæãç«ã€ã
<math>\begin{align}{[\nabla(\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B)]}_i &= \sum_j \partial_i(A_jB_j)\\
&= \sum_j B_j\partial_iA_j + \sum_j A_j\partial_iB_j.\\
\end{align} </math>
ããã§ã<math>[\boldsymbol A \times(\nabla \times \boldsymbol B)]_i = \sum_j A_j \partial_iB_j - (\boldsymbol A \cdot \nabla) \boldsymbol B_i </math> ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§<ref>ãã®åŒã®å°åºã«å°ã£ãããã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®å°åºãåèããããšããã ãã埮åã®æ±ãã«æ³šæããããšããã¯ãã«äžéç©ã®å°åºã®å
è¡ç®ãŸã§ã¯ãBãâã«èªã¿æ¿ããŠãæç«ããããäžè¡ç®ã®åŒå€åœ¢ã¯æç«ããªãããªããªããå埮åãšãã¯ãã«ã®æåãå
¥ãæ¿ã㊠<math>\partial_i C_j=C_j \partial_i</math> ãšããããšã¯åœç¶äžå¯èœã ããã§ããã</ref>ãããã第äºé
ã«ä»£å
¥ããã第äžé
ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã®åŒãæãç«ã€ãããããã代å
¥ãããšçµå±ã <math>\nabla(\boldsymbol A \cdot \boldsymbol B) = \boldsymbol A \times (\nabla \times B) + \boldsymbol B \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol A) + (\boldsymbol A \cdot \nabla)\boldsymbol B + (\boldsymbol B \cdot \nabla)\boldsymbol A </math> ãåŸãããã
'''å®ç'''
<math>
\nabla \cdot(f\boldsymbol A )= \nabla f \cdot \boldsymbol A + f \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol A
</math>
<math>\nabla \times(f\boldsymbol A) = \nabla f \times \boldsymbol A + f\nabla \times \boldsymbol A </math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>
\begin{align}
\nabla \cdot (f \boldsymbol A) &= \sum_i\partial _i (fA _i)\\ &= \sum_i(\partial _i f ) A _i + \sum_if (\partial _i A _i)\\ &= \nabla f \cdot \boldsymbol A + f\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol A
\end{align}
</math>
<math>
\begin{align}
{[\nabla \times f \boldsymbol A]}_i &= \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j(fA_k)\\
&= \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_jf \,A_k + \sum_{j,k} \varepsilon_{ijk}f\partial_j \,A_k \\
&= {[\nabla f \times \boldsymbol A]}_i + {[f\nabla \times \boldsymbol A]}_i
\end{align}
</math>
'''å®ç'''
<math>\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A} ) = \nabla (\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{A} ) - \Delta \boldsymbol{A} </math> ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>\begin{align} {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A}){]}_i &= \sum_{j,k}\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j[\nabla \times \boldsymbol A]_k \\
&= \sum_{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon_{ijk}\partial_j\varepsilon_{klm}\partial_l{ A}_m \\
&= \sum_{j,k,l,m}\varepsilon_{kij}\varepsilon_{klm}\partial_j\partial_lA_m \\
&= \sum_{j,l,m}(\delta_{il}\delta_{jm} - \delta_{im}\delta_{jl})\partial_j\partial_lA_m \\
&= \sum_{j,l,m}\delta_{il}\delta_{jm}\partial_j\partial_lA_m -\sum_{j,l,m}\delta_{im}\delta_{jl}\partial_j\partial_lA_m \\
&= \sum_{j}\partial_i\partial_jA_j - \sum_{j}\partial_j\partial_jA_i
\end{align} </math>
ããããã®æåã«ã€ããŠå±éãããš
<math> {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A}){]}_1 = \partial_1(\partial_1A_1+\partial_2A_2+\partial_3A_3) - (\partial_1^2+\partial_2^2+\partial_3^2)A_1
</math>
<math> {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A}){]}_2 = \partial_2(\partial_1A_1+\partial_2A_2+\partial_3A_3) - (\partial_1^2+\partial_2^2+\partial_3^2)A_2
</math>
<math> {[}\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A}){]}_3 = \partial_3(\partial_1A_1+\partial_2A_2+\partial_3A_3) - (\partial_1^2+\partial_2^2+\partial_3^2)A_3
</math>
ã§ããããã㯠<math>\nabla \times (\nabla \times \boldsymbol{A} ) = \nabla (\nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{A} ) - \Delta \boldsymbol{A} </math> ã§ããããšãæå³ããã
ãããã®èšç®ã¯ãé»ç£æ°åŠçã§é »ç¹ã«çšããããã®ã§ãããç·Žç¿ããŠãããã°ãªããªãã
'''å®ç'''
äœçœ®ãã¯ãã« <math>
\boldsymbol r
</math> ã«ã€ã㊠<math>
r = |\boldsymbol r| =\sqrt{x^2+y^2 + z^2}
</math> ãšãããšã<math>
\nabla r^n = n r^{n-2}{\boldsymbol r}
</math>ã§ããã
'''蚌æ'''
<math>
\frac{\partial}{\partial x}r^n = nr^{n-1}\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\sqrt{x^2 + y^2 + z^2} = nr^{n-1} \frac x r = nr^{n-2}x
</math>
<math>
y,z
</math> ã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã§ããã
ããªãã¡ã<math>
\nabla r^n = \begin{pmatrix} nr^{n-2}x \\nr^{n-2}y \\nr^{n-2}z\end{pmatrix} = nr^{n-2}\boldsymbol r.
</math>
=== 極座æšç³» ===
ããã§ã¯ã極座æšã§ã®åŸé
ãçºæ£ãã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ãæ±ããã
極座æšã§ã¯ãäœçœ®ãã¯ãã«ã¯ <math>\boldsymbol r = \begin{pmatrix} x\\ y\\ z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} r\sin\theta\cos\varphi\\ r\sin\theta\sin\varphi\\ r\cos\theta \end{pmatrix}
</math> ãšãªããæ£èŠçŽäº€åºåºã¯ <math>\boldsymbol e_r := \frac{\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial r}}{\left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial r}\right|} = \begin{pmatrix}\sin\theta\cos\varphi\\ \sin\theta\sin\varphi\\ \cos\theta\end{pmatrix}
</math>,<math>\boldsymbol e_\theta
:= \frac{\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \theta}}{\left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \theta}\right|}
= \frac 1 r \begin{pmatrix}r\cos\theta\cos\varphi\\ r\cos\theta\sin\varphi\\ -r\sin\theta\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}\cos\theta\cos\varphi\\ \cos\theta\sin\varphi\\ -\sin\theta\end{pmatrix}
</math>,<math>\boldsymbol e_\varphi
:= \frac{\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \varphi}}{\left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \varphi}\right|}
= \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\begin{pmatrix}-r\sin\theta\sin\varphi\\ r\sin\theta\cos\varphi\\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}-\sin\varphi\\ \cos\varphi\\ 0 \end{pmatrix}
</math>ã§ããã
埮å°å€äœãã¯ãã« <math>d\boldsymbol r = dx\boldsymbol e_x + dy\boldsymbol e_y + dz\boldsymbol e_z
</math> ã¯æ¥µåº§æšã§ã¯ã
<math>\begin{align}d\boldsymbol r &= \frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial r}dr + \frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \theta}d\theta + \frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \varphi}d\varphi\\
&= \left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial r}\right|\boldsymbol e_r dr +\left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \theta}\right|\boldsymbol e_\theta d\theta + \left|\frac{\partial \boldsymbol r}{\partial \varphi}\right|\boldsymbol e_\varphi d\varphi\\
&= \boldsymbol e_r dr + r\boldsymbol e_\theta d\theta + r\sin\theta\boldsymbol e_\varphi d\varphi
\end{align}
</math>
ãšæžããã
é¢æ° <math>f
</math> ã®å
šåŸ®å <math>df
</math> 㯠<math>df = \frac{df}{dx}dx + \frac{df}{dy}dy + \frac{df}{dz}dz = \nabla f \cdot d\boldsymbol r
</math> ãšãªãã
極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã <math>\nabla f = \nabla_r f \, \boldsymbol e_r + \nabla_\theta f \, \boldsymbol e_\theta + \nabla_\varphi f \, \boldsymbol e_\varphi
</math> ãšãããšã<math>\begin{align}df &= \nabla f \cdot d\boldsymbol r \\
&= (\nabla_r f \, \boldsymbol e_r + \nabla_\theta f \, \boldsymbol e_\theta + \nabla_\varphi f \, \boldsymbol e_\varphi)\cdot (\boldsymbol e_r dr + r\boldsymbol e_\theta d\theta + r\sin\theta\boldsymbol e_\varphi d\varphi)\\
&=\nabla_r f\, dr + r\nabla_\theta f \, d\theta + r\sin\theta\nabla_\varphi f \, d\varphi
\end{align}
</math>
ã§ããããããšæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®å
šåŸ®å <math>df = \frac{\partial f}{\partial r}dr + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta}d\theta + \frac{\partial f}{\partial \varphi}d\varphi
</math> ãšæ¯èŒãããšã
<math>\nabla_r f = \frac{\partial f}{\partial r},\nabla_\theta f = \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta},\nabla_\varphi f = \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\frac{\partial f}{\partial \varphi}{}
</math> ãåŸãã
ããªãã¡ã極座æšã§ã®çºæ£ã¯ <math>\nabla f =\frac{\partial f}{\partial r} + \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta} + \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\frac{\partial f}{\partial \varphi}{}
</math> ã§ããã
åºåºãã¯ãã«ã®åŸ®åã¯ã
<math>\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_r}{\partial r} = 0,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_r}{\partial \theta} = \boldsymbol e_\theta,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_r}{\partial \varphi} = \sin\theta \boldsymbol e_\varphi
</math>
<math>\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\theta}{\partial r} = 0,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\theta}{\partial \theta} = -\boldsymbol e_r,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\theta}{\partial \varphi} = \cos\theta\boldsymbol e_\varphi
</math>
<math>\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\varphi}{\partial r} = 0,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\varphi}{\partial \theta} = 0,\frac{\partial \boldsymbol e_\varphi}{\partial \varphi} = -\cos\theta\boldsymbol e_r - \sin\theta \boldsymbol e_\theta
</math>
ã§ããããšã䜿ã£ãŠæ¥µåº§æšã§ã®ãã¯ãã« <math>\boldsymbol A
</math> ã®çºæ£ãèšç®ãããšã
<math>\begin{align}\nabla \cdot A
&= \left(\boldsymbol e_r\frac{\partial f}{\partial r} + \boldsymbol e_\theta \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial \theta} + \boldsymbol e_\varphi \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\frac{\partial f}{\partial \varphi}\right)\cdot (A_r\boldsymbol e_r + A_\theta \boldsymbol e_\theta + A_\varphi \boldsymbol e_\varphi)\\
&= \boldsymbol e_r \cdot \left(\frac{\partial A_r}{\partial r}\boldsymbol e_r\right) + \frac 1 r \boldsymbol e_\theta \cdot \left( \frac{\partial A_\theta}{\partial \theta}\boldsymbol e_\theta + A_r\boldsymbol e_\theta\right) + \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\boldsymbol e_\varphi \cdot \left( \frac{\partial A_\varphi}{\partial \varphi}\boldsymbol e_\varphi + A_r\sin\theta \boldsymbol e_\varphi + A_\theta\cos\theta\boldsymbol e_\varphi\right)\\
&= \frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial (r^2 A_r)}{\partial r} + \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\frac{\partial (\sin\theta A_\theta)}{\partial \theta} + \frac{1}{r\sin\theta}\frac{\partial A_\varphi}{\partial \varphi}
\end{align}
</math>
ãšãªãã
ãŸããã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã«æ¥µåº§æšã§ã®åŸé
ãšçºæ£ã代å
¥ãããšã
<math>\Delta f = \nabla \cdot \nabla f =\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(r^2 \frac{\partial f}{\partial r}\right) + \frac{1}{r^2\sin\theta}\frac{\partial }{\partial \theta}\left(\sin\theta\frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta}\right) + \frac{1}{r^2\sin^2\theta}\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial \varphi^2}
</math>
ãšãªããã©ãã©ã·ã¢ã³ã®æ¥µåº§æšè¡šç€ºãåŸãããã
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"text": "åµã¯äžè¬çãªé£æã§ãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãè±å¯ãªé£ã¹ç©ã§ããç¬ç¹ã®åãã«ãªããªãæ¹ãããã³ããŒã°ãªã©ã«å
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"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "調çåã«åµãæŽããŸãããã",
"title": "åµã®äž»ãªèª¿çæ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°ŽæŽããããšæ®»ã«ç©ºããŠããç©Žããéèãæ°Žãšå
±ã«å
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"title": "åµã®äž»ãªèª¿çæ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åµã¯çã§é£ã¹ãããšãã§ããã(åµããã飯)çåµã«ã¯ãµã«ã¢ãã©èãããããšãããã泚æãå¿
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ãªã©)ã¯çé£ã¯æ§ããŸãããã",
"title": "è
æãšé£äžæ¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåµãè
ããšé»èº«ã¯ç·è²ã«ãªãå²ããšç¡«é»èãããŸããæ©ãã«é£ã¹ãŸãããã",
"title": "è
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«äžè¬çãªåµæçã瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¬ã·ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åµã¯ãåµã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããå€ãã¯æé·ãšå
±ã«æ²»ããŸããã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ã¯äž»ã«åµçœã«ãããå ç±ããããšã§ã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³æ§ã¯æžããŸãããªããªãããã§ã¯ãããŸããããªããé¶èãéåµã¯åµã®ã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ãšã¯éããŸãã",
"title": "代æ¿é£æ"
}
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{{ããã©ã«ããœãŒã:ããããã»ã|ã«ããããã²ã|ããŸã}}
[[category:ææå¥ã®æçæ¬|ããŸã]]
[[en:Cookbook:Egg]]
[[nl:Kookboek/Ei]] | 2005-07-10T01:37:34Z | 2023-10-26T14:39:40Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Reflist",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Cite web"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B5 |
2,611 | é»ç£æ°åŠII | ç©çåŠ > é»ç£æ°åŠII
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note: å®éã«ã¯çŸåšã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®åéã§ãå€ããªã£ãŠããGaussåäœç³»ã§ã¯ãªãã SIåäœç³»ãçšããããŠããã(ç¹ã«å·¥åŠã®åéã§ã¯ããã§ããããã§ããã) ãã ããç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ãšçµã¿åããã é»ç£æ°çŸè±¡ãèŠãã¶ãã«ã¯ãGaussåäœç³»ã§ãããã»ã©äžèªç±ããªãã®ã§ã ãã¡ããçšããŠããã
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comment: éå»ã®éºç©ã§ãã Gaussåäœç³»ãä»ããçšããã®ã¯ãæè²ç èŠå°ããããŠãåé¡ã§ããã Gaussåäœç³»ãçžå¯Ÿè«ã«é©åããŠãããšããã®ã¯èª€è§£ã§ããã (ããšãã°é»è·ä¿ååãèŠãã°æããã§ããã)
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ãªååã§åŒã°ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©çåŠ > é»ç£æ°åŠII",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»ç£æ°åŠããããã§ããçŸè±¡ã¯æ°å€ããã ãããã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ã®å€ã㯠次ã®2ã€ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãã£ãŠèšè¿°ãããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã æŽã«ã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(Aã¯ã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããé¢æ°ã) ãšãªãã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "note: å®éã«ã¯çŸåšã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®åéã§ãå€ããªã£ãŠããGaussåäœç³»ã§ã¯ãªãã SIåäœç³»ãçšããããŠããã(ç¹ã«å·¥åŠã®åéã§ã¯ããã§ããããã§ããã) ãã ããç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ãšçµã¿åããã é»ç£æ°çŸè±¡ãèŠãã¶ãã«ã¯ãGaussåäœç³»ã§ãããã»ã©äžèªç±ããªãã®ã§ã ãã¡ããçšããŠããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãããã®åŒãã©ã®æ§ã«æžãããããèŠãŠããã",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "comment: éå»ã®éºç©ã§ãã Gaussåäœç³»ãä»ããçšããã®ã¯ãæè²ç èŠå°ããããŠãåé¡ã§ããã Gaussåäœç³»ãçžå¯Ÿè«ã«é©åããŠãããšããã®ã¯èª€è§£ã§ããã (ããšãã°é»è·ä¿ååãèŠãã°æããã§ããã)",
"title": "ã¯ããã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "空éäžã«é»è·ã眮ããšã ãã®åãã«ã¯ã çæ¹çã«",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é»çãçããã ãã ããããã¯SIåäœç³»ã§æžãããåŒã§ããã ã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããã æŸå°ç¶ã«é»çãåºãããšããæåã¯å€åããŠããªã ããšã«æ³šæã ãããäžè¬åãããšã ããè¡šé¢ç©åãè¡ãªã£ããšãã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã ããã§ã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã(é»è·å¯åºŠã®å®çŸ©) ããã§ã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯é»è·å¯åºŠã§ããã ã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çãçšã㊠ãã®åŒã® 巊蟺ã空éç©åã§æžãå€ãããšã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã åãèšç®ããããšãã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãåãã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ç¬¬0æåãæžãå€ãããšã (",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«æ³šæã )",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«çŸè±¡ãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "Gaussã®æ³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§ãããé»è·ããããšãã®åãã«æŸå°ç¶ã®é»çãçããããšã è¿°ã¹ãããç£å Žã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®æ§ãªå¯Ÿå¿ç©ãã€ãŸãç£è·ãååšããªãããšã å®éšçã«ç¥ãããŠããã (äžè¬çãªç£ç³ã¯S極ãšN極ã察ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ç£è·ãšåŒã¶ããšã¯ã§ããªãã) ãã®ããšãçšããŠé»è·ã®å Žåãšåãèšç®ããããš",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããã¯ç£è·å¯åºŠãåžžã«0ã§ããããšã«ããã) äžãšåæ§ã«ã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠæžãæãããšã",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšãåãã",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšéžã¶ãšã",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã確ãã«åŒãçŸè±¡ã説æããããšããããã (ãã®çµæã¯ãã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ãSIåäœç³»ã§ãåäžã§ããã)",
"title": "å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç£å Žã®æéå€åãé»å ŽãåŒãèµ·ãããšããæ³åã ã¬ã³ãã®æ³åãšããŠãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(SIåäœç³»ã§ã®åŒ) ããã¯å圢ã®ã³ã€ã«(ååŸa)ã䜿ã£ããšãã®è¡šåŒã§ãããã ããã§ãªããšãã«äžè¬åãããšã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠæžãå€ãããšã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãã Gaussåäœç³»ã§ã¯",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äŸãã°ã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšçœ®ããšã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããäžã§çŸè±¡ããåŸãããåŒã®zæåãšäžèŽããã xæåãyæåã¯ãããã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": ",",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšçœ®ããšæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ãã£ãŠãã®å ŽåãåŒãçŸè±¡ã説æããããšã ãããã",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "é»ç£èªå°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç·çã«æµããé»æµã®åãã«ã¯ã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ç£æå¯åºŠãçããããšãç¥ãããŠããã (SIåäœç³»ã§ã®åŒã) (aã¯é»ç·ããã®è·é¢ã) ãããäžè¬åãããšã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠç·ç©åã é¢ç©åã«å€æãããšã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠäž¡èŸºãæ¯ã¹ãããšã§ã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®åŒã äžã§åŸãããåŒãšäžèŽããã«ã¯ ãã1ã€çŸè±¡ãä»ãå ããå¿
èŠãããã äŸãã°ãå¹³æ¿ ã³ã³ãã³ãµã«å¯ŸããŠé»è·ãèç©ããŠãããšãã ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®éã®ç©ºéã«ã¯é»å Žã®æéå€åãçŸãããã ãã®ãšãã%é»è·ã®æéå€åã«ã¯ ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®éã®ç©ºéã«ã¯(é»æµããã®å¯äžãç¡ããŠã) ç£å Žãçããããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãã®é
ã¯ãéåžžã®é»æµãšæ¯ã¹ãŠå€äœé»æµãšåŒã°ããã æ°åŒã§ã¯ã(SIåäœç³»ã§ã¯)",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããã®ã«çããã ããã2ã€ã®å¯äžã足ãåããããšãåŒ",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äŸãã°ã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã代å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã確ãã«äžèŽããã y,zæ¹åã«ã€ããŠã¯",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": ",",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã°ããã",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç空äžã§ã¯ã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã ããã§ã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã²ãŒãžã®èªç±åºŠãæã€ããšãèæ
®ã㊠ãã®æ¹çšåŒãç°¡åã«ããããšãåºæ¥ãã ããã§ã¯ã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ããŒã¬ã³ãã²ãŒãž) ããšãã ãããšãäžã®åŒã¯ç°¡åã«ãªã£ãŠã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ããã§ã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã ãã®åŒã¯é床cã§äŒæ¬ããæ³¢ã®æ³¢åæ¹çšåŒã§ããã ç空äžãé»å Žãç£å Žãå
ã®éãã§äŒæ¬ããããšãåãã å®éã«ã¯ãã®ããšããå
ããã®ãããªæ³¢(é»ç£æ³¢ãšåŒã¶)ã® äžçš®ã§ããããšãç¥ãããã é»ç£æ³¢ã¯æ¯åæ°ã«ãã£ãŠæ§ã
ãªååã§åŒã°ããã",
"title": "é»ç£æ³¢ã®äŒæ¬"
}
] | ç©çåŠ > é»ç£æ°åŠII | <small> [[ç©çåŠ]] > é»ç£æ°åŠII</small>
----
==ã¯ããã«==
é»ç£æ°åŠããããã§ããçŸè±¡ã¯æ°å€ããã
ãããã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ã®å€ãã¯
次ã®2ã€ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãã£ãŠèšè¿°ãããã
ã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯ã
:<math>
\partial ^\mu F _{\mu\nu} = 4\pi J _\mu
</math>
:<math>
F _{\mu\nu.\rho}+ F _{\rho\mu.\nu}+F _{\nu\rho.\mu}= 0
</math>
ããã§ã
:<math>
F _{\mu\nu} = \partial _\mu A _\nu -\partial _\nu A _\mu
</math>
:<math>
=
\begin{pmatrix}
0 &E _x&E _y&E _z\\
- E _x&0&-B _z& B _y\\
- E _y&B _z&0&-B _x\\
- E _z&-B _y&B _x&0\\
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ã§ãããŸãã
:<math>
J _\mu =
\begin{pmatrix}
\rho \\
\vec j \\
\end{pmatrix}
</math>
ã§ããã
æŽã«ã
:<math>
A _{, \mu} = \partial _\mu A = \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{{x^\mu}}} A
</math>
(Aã¯ã
:<math>
x^\mu = t,x,y,z
</math>
ã®ããé¢æ°ã)
ãšãªãã
note:
å®éã«ã¯çŸåšã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®åéã§ãå€ããªã£ãŠããGaussåäœç³»ã§ã¯ãªãã
SIåäœç³»ãçšããããŠããã(ç¹ã«å·¥åŠã®åéã§ã¯ããã§ããããã§ããã)
ãã ããç¹æ®çžå¯Ÿè«ãšçµã¿åããã
é»ç£æ°çŸè±¡ãèŠãã¶ãã«ã¯ãGaussåäœç³»ã§ãããã»ã©äžèªç±ããªãã®ã§ã
ãã¡ããçšããŠããã
ããã§ã¯ãããã®åŒãã©ã®æ§ã«æžãããããèŠãŠããã
comment:
éå»ã®éºç©ã§ãã Gaussåäœç³»ãä»ããçšããã®ã¯ãæè²ç
èŠå°ããããŠãåé¡ã§ããã
Gaussåäœç³»ãçžå¯Ÿè«ã«é©åããŠãããšããã®ã¯èª€è§£ã§ããã
ïŒããšãã°é»è·ä¿ååãèŠãã°æããã§ãããïŒ
==Gaussã®æ³å==
空éäžã«é»è·ã眮ããšã
ãã®åãã«ã¯ã
çæ¹çã«
:<math>
\vec E = \frac 1 {4\pi\epsilon _0} \frac q {r^2} \vec e _r
</math>
ã®é»çãçããã
ãã ããããã¯SIåäœç³»ã§æžãããåŒã§ããã
ã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯ã
:<math>
\vec E = \frac q {r^2} \vec e _r
</math>
ãšæžãããã
æŸå°ç¶ã«é»çãåºãããšããæåã¯å€åããŠããªã
ããšã«æ³šæã
ãããäžè¬åãããšã
ããè¡šé¢ç©åãè¡ãªã£ããšãã
:<math>
4\pi r^2 \cdot \vec E = 4\pi r^2 \cdot \frac 1 {4\pi\epsilon _0} \frac q {r^2} \vec e _r
</math>
:<math>
\iint d\vec S \vec E = \frac 1 {\epsilon _0} \iiint d V \rho
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
ããã§ã
:<math>
\iiint d V \rho = q
</math>
ã§ããã(é»è·å¯åºŠã®å®çŸ©)
ããã§ã
:<math>
\rho
</math>
ã¯é»è·å¯åºŠã§ããã
ã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠ
ãã®åŒã®
巊蟺ã空éç©åã§æžãå€ãããšã
:<math>
\iint d\vec S \vec E
</math>
:<math>
=\iiint dV \textrm{div} \vec E
</math>
:<math>
= \iiint d V \rho
</math>
ãã£ãŠã
:<math>
\textrm {div}\vec E = \frac \rho {\epsilon _0}
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
åãèšç®ããããšãã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ã¯
:<math>
\textrm {div}\vec E = 4 \pi \rho
</math>
ãšãªãããšãåãã
ããã§ã
:<math>
\partial ^\mu F _{\mu\nu} = 4\pi J _\nu
</math>
ã®ç¬¬0æåãæžãå€ãããšã
(
:<math>
\partial ^\mu = (0,- \partial _x ,- \partial _y, - \partial _z )
</math>
:<math>
F _{\mu 0}= (0 , -E _x ,-E _y ,-E _z )
</math>
ã«æ³šæã
)
:<math>
\partial ^\mu F _{\mu\nu}
</math>
:<math>
= \textrm{div} \vec E = 4 \pi \rho
</math>
ãšãªãã確ãã«çŸè±¡ãšäžèŽããã
==å極ç£åã¯ååšããªãã==
äžã§ãããé»è·ããããšãã®åãã«æŸå°ç¶ã®é»çãçããããšã
è¿°ã¹ãããç£å Žã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã®æ§ãªå¯Ÿå¿ç©ãã€ãŸãç£è·ãååšããªãããšã
å®éšçã«ç¥ãããŠããã
(äžè¬çãªç£ç³ã¯S極ãšN極ã察ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ç£è·ãšåŒã¶ããšã¯ã§ããªãã)
ãã®ããšãçšããŠé»è·ã®å Žåãšåãèšç®ããããš
:<math>
\iint d\vec S \vec B
</math>
:<math>
=\iiint dV \textrm{div} \vec B
</math>
:<math>
= 0
</math>
(ããã¯ç£è·å¯åºŠãåžžã«0ã§ããããšã«ããã)
äžãšåæ§ã«ã¬ãŠã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠæžãæãããšã
:<math>
\textrm {div}\vec B = 0
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããšãåãã
ããã§ã
:<math>
F _{\mu\nu.\rho}+ F _{\rho\mu.\nu}+F _{\nu\rho.\mu}= 0
</math>
ã§ã
:<math>
\mu = 1,\nu=2, \rho=3
</math>
ãšéžã¶ãšã
:<math>
\textrm{lhs }= \partial _z B _z + \partial _y B _y + \partial _x B _x
</math>
:<math>
= \textrm{div } \vec B
</math>
:<math>
= rhs = 0
</math>
ãšãªã確ãã«åŒãçŸè±¡ã説æããããšããããã
(ãã®çµæã¯ãã¬ãŠã¹åäœç³»ã§ãSIåäœç³»ã§ãåäžã§ããã)
==é»ç£èªå°==
ç£å Žã®æéå€åãé»å ŽãåŒãèµ·ãããšããæ³åã
ã¬ã³ãã®æ³åãšããŠãç¥ãããŠããã
:<math>
\vec E = - \frac 1 {2\pi a} \frac{\partial{\Phi}}{\partial{t}}
</math>
(SIåäœç³»ã§ã®åŒ)
ããã¯å圢ã®ã³ã€ã«(ååŸa)ã䜿ã£ããšãã®è¡šåŒã§ãããã
ããã§ãªããšãã«äžè¬åãããšã
:<math>
2\pi a \vec E = - \frac{\partial{\Phi}}{\partial{t}}
</math>
:<math>
\int d\vec l \cdot \vec E = -\frac{\partial{\Phi}}{\partial{t}}
</math>
:<math>
=- \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} \iint dS \vec n\cdot \vec B
</math>
ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠæžãå€ãããšã
:<math>
\int d\vec l \vec E = \iint dS \vec n \cdot \textrm{rot } \vec E
</math>
ãã£ãŠã
:<math>
\textrm {rot} \vec E = - \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}}\vec B
</math>
ãåŸãã
Gaussåäœç³»ã§ã¯
:<math>
\textrm {rot} \vec E = - \frac 1 c \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}}\vec B
</math>
ãšãªãã
ããã§ã
:<math>
F _{\mu\nu.\rho}+ F _{\rho\mu.\nu}+F _{\nu\rho.\mu}= 0
</math>
ã§äŸãã°ã
:<math>
\mu=0,\nu=1,\rho=2
</math>
ãšçœ®ããšã
:<math>
\textrm{lhs} = \partial _y E _x + \partial _x (-E _y) - \partial _t B _z
</math>
:<math>
= - \textrm{rot} \vec E | _z - \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} B _z
</math>
:<math>
= \textrm {rhs} = 0
</math>
ãšãªããäžã§çŸè±¡ããåŸãããåŒã®zæåãšäžèŽããã
xæåãyæåã¯ãããã
:<math>
\mu=0,\nu=2,\rho=3
</math>
,
:<math>
\mu=0,\nu=3,\rho=1
</math>
ãšçœ®ããšæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã
ãã£ãŠãã®å ŽåãåŒãçŸè±¡ã説æããããšã
ãããã
==é»æµã®åãã®ç£å Žãšå€äœé»æµ==
çŽç·çã«æµããé»æµã®åãã«ã¯ã
:<math>
\vec B = \frac {\mu _0} {2\pi} \frac I a
</math>
ã®ç£æå¯åºŠãçããããšãç¥ãããŠããã
(SIåäœç³»ã§ã®åŒã)
(aã¯é»ç·ããã®è·é¢ã)
<!-- çŽç·ã®é»ç·ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯å圢㮠-->
<!-- ç£æå¯åºŠãçŸããããã -->
ãããäžè¬åãããšã
:<math>
\int d\vec l \cdot \vec B = {\mu _0} I = {\mu _0} \iint d \vec S \cdot \vec j
</math>
ãšãªãã
ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ã®å®çãçšããŠç·ç©åã
é¢ç©åã«å€æãããšã
:<math>
\int d\vec l \cdot \vec B
</math>
:<math>
= \iint d \vec S \cdot \textrm{rot} \vec B
</math>
ãã£ãŠäž¡èŸºãæ¯ã¹ãããšã§ã
:<math>
\textrm{rot} \vec B = \mu _0 \vec j
</math>
ãåŸããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®åŒã
äžã§åŸãããåŒãšäžèŽããã«ã¯
ãã1ã€çŸè±¡ãä»ãå ããå¿
èŠãããã
äŸãã°ãå¹³æ¿
ã³ã³ãã³ãµã«å¯ŸããŠé»è·ãèç©ããŠãããšãã
ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®éã®ç©ºéã«ã¯é»å Žã®æéå€åãçŸãããã
ãã®ãšãã%é»è·ã®æéå€åã«ã¯
ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®éã®ç©ºéã«ã¯(é»æµããã®å¯äžãç¡ããŠã)
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸããŸãªé»æ°çŸè±¡ãåŒãèµ·ãããã®ãé»è·ãšãããé»è·ã¯æ£ãšè² ã®2çš®é¡ããããããããç©è³ªãæ§æããååã¯ãããã«éœåãšé»åãæ§æèŠçŽ ãšããŠãã€ããéœåã¯æ£ã®é»è·ããé»åã¯è² ã®é»è·ãæã€ãå€ãã®å Žåãååäžã«ã¯æ£ã®é»è·ãšè² ã®é»è·ãåéãã€å«ãŸããå·šèŠçã«ã¯é»è·ãæããªããšèŠãããšãã§ããããã®ç¶æ
ãé»æ°çã«äžæ§ã§ãããšããã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»ç£æ°åŠã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ã§æãç°¡åãªãã®ã¯ãæéçãªå€åã®ç¡ã2ã€ã®ç¹é»è·ã«ãããã®ã§ãããç¹é»è·ã¯ã空éçãªåºãããæããªãé»è·ã§ãããå®éšçã«é»è· q 1 {\\displaystyle q_{1}} ããè·é¢ré¢ãããšããã«ãé»è· q 2 {\\displaystyle q_{2}} ã眮ãããšãããã®éã«ã¯2ç¹é»è·ãçµã¶çŽç·æ¹åã«åfãåãããã®åã¯2ã€ã®é»è·ãäºãã«å笊å·ã§ããã°æ¥åãšãªããäºãã«ç°ç¬Šå·ã§ããã°åŒåãšãªãããŸãåã®å€§ããã¯2ã€ã®é»è·ã®å€§ããã®ç©ã«æ¯äŸããè·é¢ã®äºä¹ã«åæ¯äŸãããããªãã¡ãã®åfã¯ãKãæ¯äŸå®æ°ãšããŠã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šãããšãã§ããf>0ã§ããã°æ¥åãf<0ã§ããã°åŒåãšã¿ãªãããã®ãããªåã¯é»ç£æ°åãããã¯ã¯ãŒãã³åãšåŒã°ãããåã®äžçš®ã§ãããããã«ãç¹é»è·ã3ã€ä»¥äžååšããå Žåãããç¹é»è·ã«åãåã¯ãèªå以å€ã®ç¹é»è·ããããããåããåã®ååãšãªãã以äžãã¯ãŒãã³ã®æ³å(Coulomb's law)ãšããã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžãé»ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯ãã®æ¯äŸå®æ°Kã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šçŸããããã㧠ε 0 {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{0}} ãç空ã®èªé»çãšåŒã¶ãèªé»çã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸã®ç« ã§è©³ããè¿°ã¹ãããšã«ããã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœéåäœç³»(SI)ã§ã¯ãè·é¢ã®åäœã¯[m]ãåã®åäœã¯[N]ã§ãããé»è·ã®åäœã¯[C](ã¯ãŒãã³)ã§ããã[C]ã®å®çŸ©ã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸã»ã©è¿°ã¹ãããšãšãããããã®ãšããæ¯äŸå®æ°Kã®å€ã¯",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããšãç¥ãããŠããããã ãã c 0 {\\displaystyle c_{0}} ã¯å
ã®é床ã§ããã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã§ã¯ãé»è·ã®éã®è·é¢ãrãšãããšãé»è·éã« 1 r 2 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{r^{2}}}} ã«æ¯äŸããé»ç£æ°åãåãããšã瀺ãããŠããããã®ãããªåãé2ä¹åãšåŒã¶ããšããããé»ç£æ°åã¯é2ä¹åã§ããããä»ã«ãäžæåŒåã¯é2ä¹åã§ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "é»è·"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«éçãªé»è·ã«äºãã«åãåãåã¯ã é2ä¹åã«ãã£ãŠå®å
šã«èšè¿°ããããããããé»è·ã®æ°ãå¢ããŠæ¥ããšãã«ã ãã®ãããªèšè¿°æ³ã¯èšç®ã倧å€ã«ãªãããšãããã ãã®ããããããšã¯ç°ãªã£ãé»è·ã®éã®åãå°å
¥ããã®ã䟿å©ã«ãªãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããã®ãããªèšè¿°æ³ãäžããã ããç¹ã«é»è·qãåã£ããšããããã®ãšãããã®ç¹ã®åãã«ã¯",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®å ŽãçããŠãããšèŠãããšãåºæ¥ãã ãã ããããã§ã¯",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããã®é»è·ããã®è·é¢ãè¡šãããŠããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããã®é»è·ãåç¹ãšãããšããæãç¹Aã«å¯Ÿã㊠ãã¯ãã«",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãããã®æ¹åã®åäœãã¯ãã«ããšãããã«ããŠåŸããããã¯ãã«ã§ããã ã€ãŸããé»è·ãäžå¿ãšããŠæŸå°ç¶ã«åºãããã¯ãã«ã®éåã§ããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããå Žãšã¯ã2ã€ã®é»è·ãäžãããããšãã ãã®éã«äœãåªä»ãããã®ããªãåãåããšããããšãçŽèŠ³ã«åããŠããããšãã å°å
¥ãããéã§ãããã€ãŸããäœããªããšãããéããŠåãçããŠããã®ã§ã¯ ãªãããã2ã€ã®é»è·ã®éã«äœãã®ããçŸãããŠãé»ç£æ°åãåªä»ããŠãã ãšããããšãäºæ³ããŠå°å
¥ãããéãå Žã®èãæ¹ã§ããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸä»£çã«ã¯ãå®éã«ãã®ãããªå ŽãååšããŠããããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãã®ãããªå ŽãæŽå²çäºæ
ã«ããå
åå ŽãšåŒã¶ããšãããã ã€ãŸãããã2ã€ã®é»è·ãååšãããšãããã®éã«å
åãšåŒã°ãã ç²åãåãæž¡ãããããã«ãã£ãŠãã®ãããªçžäºäœçšãçãŸããŠãããš èŠãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã«ãããããç¹é»è·ã®åãã«äœããã®å ŽãæŸå°ç¶ã«ãšã³ã§ãŠããã ããã«ããã£ãé»è·ãåãåãããšããæåã¯éåžžã«çŽèŠ³çã§ããã ãã®ãããªéã¯ããçšããããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§å°å
¥ããé»çãšããéã¯çŽèŠ³çãªéã ããå®éã®èšç®ã«ãããŠã¯ ããå°ãç°¡åãªéãå°å
¥ããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å
žååŠã«çœ®ããŠã¯ãããä¿ååã«å¯ŸããŠãã®ä¿ååã«å¯Ÿãã äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã£ãŠå®ããããšãåºæ¥ããããã§ã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãäžã§è¿°ã¹ãä¿ååãè¡šãããã¯ãã«ã§ããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®éã®é¡äŒŒã«é Œã£ãŠãé»ç£æ°ã®é2ä¹åã«å¯ŸããŠãäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã å°å
¥ããããšãåºæ¥ãããã ãããã®éã¯åãããé»çã«æ²¿ã£ãŠ å®çŸ©ããããããé»äœãšåŒã°ãããé»äœã¯éåžžVã§æžããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å
žååŠã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ããã®åŒã§ã®",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãä»»æã«éžã¶ããšãåºæ¥ããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã§ãããèšç®ãæãããã« åãããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®éã¯ãããé»è·eãæã£ãç©äœã«å¯ŸããŠãé»çã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããšãèæ
®ãããšã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããšãåããããã®ããšãããé»äœãšã¯åäœé»è·ããã£ãç©äœã«åã£ãŠã® é»çã®äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãšèããããšãåºæ¥ãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ã«ãããç¹é»è·qã®åãã®é»çã«å¯Ÿããé»äœãèããŠã¿ãã ãã®ãšããæ
£ç¿çã«",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãšããšããã®å Žåã®é»äœã¯ã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«æ¯äŸããé»äœãåŸãããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»äœãèšç®ããåŸããã®éã®åŸé
ãåãããšã§é»çãèšç®ãããããšãã å€å
žååŠã®é¡äŒŒãããããã ç°¡åã®ãã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçããšããã®äŸã§ã¯ã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã確ãã«å
ã®è¡šåŒãåãæ»ãããã",
"title": "éé»å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "é»è·é¡åæ³"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èªé»äœãã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒãããã¯ãã«ã®æ°åŒã§æ±ãããã次ã®ããã«é»æå¯åºŠ(èšå·ã¯D)ãšãããã¯ãã«éãå®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Dã¯é»æå¯åºŠ(ã§ããã ã¿ã€ã©)ãšãããåŒ D = ε 0 E + P {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {D} =\\varepsilon _{0}\\mathbb {E} +\\mathbb {P} } ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒã«ããããé»æå¯åºŠããšã¯ãèªé»äœã®å極ã®åœ±é¿ã«ããããããã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒã®æ£é»è·ããçºçããè² é»è·ã«åžåãããŠæ¶æ»
ããéãšããŠãã³ã³ãã³ãµãŒã«ããããé»æå¯åºŠããå®çŸ©ãããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããé»æå¯åºŠã®åäœã¯ãã¯ãŒãã³([C])ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Eã¯é»çãã¯ãã«ã§ããã Pã¯å極ãã¯ãã«ã§ãããèªé»äœå
šäœã®è² é»è·åŽããçºçããèªé»äœå
šäœã®æ£é»è·åŽã§åžåãããŠæ¶æ»
ãããã¯ãã«ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å極ã®çŸè±¡ã§ã¯ãé»çãæã¡æ¶ãããã«å極ãçºçããã®ã§ããªã®ã§å極ãã¯ãã«ã®æ¹åã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯ãèªé»äœã®è² é»è·åŽããæ£é»è·ãžã®åãã®ãã¯ãã«ãå®çŸ©ããå¿
èŠãããã ãŸããå極ãã¯ãã«ã®åäœã¯ãã¯ãŒãã³([C])ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "εã¯èªé»çã®èšå·ã§ããããã㊠ε0 ã¯ç空ã®èªé»çã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããèªé»äœã®æ¯èªé»çããã€ãã®åŒã§å®çŸ©ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæ¯èªé»çã®å®çŸ©ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯èªé»çã®èšå·ã§ã¯ãæ·»åã«ãŒããã€ããªãäºã«æ³šæããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãç©è³ªã®æ¯èªé»çããã©ããã£ãŠã枬å®ããã®ãã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(â» åºå
žãšãªãåèæç®ããæå
ã«ãªãã®ã§ã玹ä»ã§ããªãã以éã®æ¯èªé»çã®æž¬å®åçã¯ãäžžåã®é»ç£æ°åŠã®æç§æžã«ãæžããŠãã£ã枬å®æ¹æ³ã§ããã)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯èªé»çã®æž¬å®æ¹æ³ã¯ãåççã«ã¯ãå³å³ã®ãããªå®éšãããã°ãæ¯èªé»çãåããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãèªé»äœå
ã§ã®é»æDã枬å®ããå¿
èŠãããã®ã ãã ãã®æž¬å®ã®ããã«ãå³ã®ããã«ãé»æã®æ¹åã«(ã€ãŸããå€éšé»çã®æ¹åã«)çŽè§ã«ãå³ã®ãããªèããŠé·ãç©ŽããããŠããã®ç©Žã®é»çEã枬å®ããã°ãè¯ãã®ã§ãã(ããã«ããã®é»çã®æž¬å®å€ãEaãšããã)ã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»çEã枬å®ããã ããªããéåžžã®ç©çåŠã®æž¬å®æ¹æ³ã§å¯èœã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»æã¯ããã®å®çŸ©äžãèªé»äœå
ã§ã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«é£ç¶ã§ããã®ã§ãããã§æž¬å®ããé»çEã«ç空ã®èªé»çãããç®ããäºã«ãã£ãŠããã®èªé»äœå
ã§ã®é»æDã枬å®ã§ããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãæ¯èªé»çã®æž¬å®ã®ããã«ã¯ãèªé»äœå
ã§ã®é»çã枬å®ããå¿
èŠãããããã®ãããåãèªé»ææã«ãé»æã®æ¹åã«(åçŽã§ã¯ãªã)å¹³è¡ã«ãèããŠé·ãç©ŽããããŠããã®ç©Žã®äžã®é»çEã枬å®ããäºã«ãªã(ããã«ããã®é»çã®æž¬å®å€ãEbãšããã)ã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšã¯ãããããã®åŸã2ã€ã®æž¬å®å€ã§ãããEaããšãEbããæ¯èŒããã°ããã®ç©è³ªå
ã®æ¯èªé»çããå®éšã«ããšã¥ãåŸãããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®è§£æ³ã®åæãšããŠãèªé»äœå
éšã«ãã»ãŒåäžã«ãé»æ°åç·ãåæ£ããŠããããšããäºãä»®å®ããŠããããããŠãé»æ¥µã®é¢ç©ã«ããåäžã«é»è·ãåæ£ããŠãããã»ã»ã»ãšæé»ã«ä»®å®ãããŠãããèªé»äœãå
¥ãããããšãã£ãŠãé»æ¥µã®åšå²ã«é»è·ãå¯ã£ããããªããããããã¯é»æ¥µã® åšå²ããé¢ããäžå€®éšã«é»è·ãå¯ã£ãããããªããé»è·ã¯åäžã«åæ£ããŠããã»ã»ã»ãšæé»ã«ä»®å®ãããŠããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ãå®ã®ãšãããå®éšçµæã¯ã©ããªãã®ã ããã? äžè¿°ã®è§£æ³ãšåæ§ã«ãèªé»äœå
éšãªãã©ãã§ããé»å Žãã»ãŒåäžã«ãªãã®ã ããã? ãããšãè¡šé¢ã ãé»å Žã匷ããšãããããã¯é»å Žã匱ããšããããã®ã ããã?",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°ã£ãããšã«ãç©çåŠã®å°éæžãèªãã§ããããããäºãæ¢æ±ãããŠããªãã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããããä»ã®ãšãããé説ã§ã¯ãèªé»äœå
éšã§ãé»å Žãã»ãŒåäžã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã ããããšæé»ã«èããããŠããããã ã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ãªããé»æ°ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯ãªã匟æ§äœååŠã®åéã ãšã倧ãããæã£ãéæç©è³ª(éæãã©ã¹ããã¯ãªã©ã§äœã)å
éšã«ãããåããå
匟æ§å®éšãšèšãããå®éšã«ãããå€éšããç®èŠã§èŠ³æž¬ã§ãããããããé»æ°ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯ãå
匟æ§ã®ãããªå®éšã¯ç¡ãããŸããããããç©è³ªå
éšã®é»å Žã®èŠ³æž¬å®éšã¯ã寡èã«ããŠèããªãã)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããé»æå¯åºŠã枬å®ããããã«ç©Žã空ããããã話é¡ãªã©ããäžè¬ã®å€§åŠç©çåŠã®æç§æžã®å€ãã§ã¯ããŸã£ãã玹ä»ãããŠãããããããã枬å®å®éšã»èŠ³æž¬å®éšã«ããè£ä»ãã®å¿
èŠæ§ã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®å€§åŠã®é»æ°ç£æ°åŠã§ã¯ããŸã£ãã泚æãæãããŠããªãã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èªè
ã¯ãé«æ ¡ã§ãå
ã¯é»ç£æ³¢ã§ããããªã©ãšç¿ã£ããããããªãããã®é»ç£æ³¢ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯ããã¯ã¹ãŠã§ã«ã®æ¹çšåŒããšããåŒã§è¡šãããã®ã ãããã®æ¹çšåŒã®èšè¿°ãããã¯ãã«ãçšãããšç°¡æœã«ãªãããããæ£ç¢ºãªæ¹çšåŒã«ãªãã(ãã¯ã¹ãŠã§ã«ã®æ¹çšåŒãæžãã®ã¯ããã¯ãã«ãçšããªããš10å以äžã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããããã¯ãã«ãçšããã°4åã®æ¹çšåŒã«ãªãã)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§èªè
ã¯ããã¯ãã«ã§é»å Žãç£å Žãããããç·Žç¿ãããŠãããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倧åŠã®é»ç£æ°åŠã§ããã¯ãã«ã§èªé»äœãç£æ§äœãªã©ã®é»å Žãç£å Žãããããããæ矩ãããé»ç£æ³¢ã®ãã¯ã¹ãŠã§ã«æ¹çšåŒã®ããã®ç·Žç¿ããšã§ããæã£ãŠãããã",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "èªé»äœ"
}
] | é»ç£æ°åŠ > éé»å Ž | <small> [[é»ç£æ°åŠ]] > éé»å Ž</small>
----
{{stub}}
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®ããã«é»æµã®åãã«çããç£æ°ã®åŒ·ãã¯ãå°ç·ããã®è·é¢ã« ã®ã¿äŸåããããšããç éçãçšããå®éšã«ãã£ãŠç¢ºãããããšã ã§ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç£æ°ã®æ¹åã¯ãé»æµã®æµããæ¹åã«ããžãé²ãããã« å転ããæ¹åã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ããšãå³ããžã®æ³åãšåŒã¶ããšãããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®éã¯ãé»æµã«ãã£ãŠäœãã ãããç£æ°åãäŒããæ°ããªå Žã§ãããš èããããšãåºæ¥ãããã®éãç£çããŸãã¯ç£å ŽãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®çµæãããç£å Žã¯å°ç·ã®è·é¢ã«ãã£ãŠãã®åŒ·ããå€åãã ãã®æ¹åã¯å°ç·ã®åããå転ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãæåŸ
ãããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããèæ
®ããŠãé»æµIã®åãã«çŸãããç£çã¯ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžããããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãç空ã®éç£çãšåŒã°ããéã§ããã®éã¯",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããã®éã¯æž¬å®ããããã®ãšããããå®çŸ©ã«ãããã®ã§ããã 端æ°ã®ç¡ãå®ãŸã£ãéãæã€ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é(å¥ã®å°ç·ãšã®çžäºäœçšã¯ãå°ç·ã®åäœé·ãã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžãããã ããã§ããã®åŒã®",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ããã¯ãã«ã®å€ç©ãè¡šããããã¯ãã«ã®å€ç©ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã ç©çæ°åŠIã§è§£èª¬ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®åŒã«ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã代å
¥ãããšã I 2 {\\displaystyle I_{2}} ã ãã®é»æµãæµããå°ç·ã®åäœé·ããããã«å¯ŸããŠã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®åãåãããããã¯äžã®è¡šåŒãšäžèŽããŠããã ãã®ãããç£å Žã䜿ã£ãè¡šåŒã¯é»æµéã®çžäºäœçšãæžãè¡šãæ¹æ³ãšã㊠æ£ããçµæãè¡šãããŠããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŒã¯ãç©ççã«ã¯é»æµãç£å Žã«å¯ŸããŠåçŽãªæ¹åã«æµããšã é»æµã¯åãåããããšã瀺ããŠããããã®æ³åã¯ã åççã«ã¯ããã¬ãã³ã°ã®å·Šæã®æ³åããšããŠç¥ãããŠããããªãã倧åŠç©çã§ã¯ååçã«ãããŒã¬ã³ãåãã®çšèªã¯ã䜿ããªãã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããªããåŸè¿°ãããããŒã¬ã³ãåãã®çè«ã«ãããããã¬ãã³ã°ã®æ³åãããµãã幟ã€ãã®æ³åããŸãšããŠèª¬æã§ãããããããããŒã¬ã³ãåãã®çè«ã«ããšã¥ããŠãåãªã©ã®èšç®ãã§ããããã§ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããããã¬ãã³ã°ã®æ³åãã®çè«ã¯ãåã
ã®å®éšçµæã®çŸè±¡è«ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãŠããŸã£ãŠããããã®ããã倧åŠç©çã§ã¯æ¡çšãããŠããªãã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãå®éã«ã¯ã埮èŠçã«èŠãããšã§ãé»æµã¯å°ç·äžã®é»è·ãåããŠããããšã§ åŒãèµ·ããããŠãããšèŠãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ãããããã§èµ·ãã£ãŠããããšã¯ å®éã«ã¯ãç£å Žã®äžãé»è·ãæã£ãç²åã暪åã£ããšãããã®ç²åã«ã¯ åãåãããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åã¯ãæŽå²çãªçç±ã«ãããããŒã¬ã³ãåããšåŒã°ããã ãã®åã¯ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžããããåŒäžã®qã¯é»è·ã®å€§ããã§ãããåäœã¯ã¯ãŒãã³(èšå·: C )ã§ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§ã¯å°ç·ã®åãã«çããç£çã«ã€ããŠèããã å°ç·ã®äžã§ã¯ã埮èŠçã«èŠããšé»è·ãå®åžžçã«éåããŠããããã®ãããªãšãã« åãã«ç£å ŽãåŒãèµ·ããããããšãäºæ³ãããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éã«ã¯ãå°ç·ã¯ãã£ãšè€éãªé
眮ã«ããããšãåºæ¥ãã äŸãã°ãå°ç·ãå圢ã«é
眮ãããšãã«ãããã®åãã«ã¯ç£å Žãçºçããããšã ç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªå Žåã®ç£çã®èšç®æ³ãšããŠ",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãç¥ãããŠããããã®åŒããæå±ãã人éã«ã¡ãªãã§ã ãããª-ãµããŒã«ã®æ³åããšåŒã¶ã ããã§ãç©åã¯å°ç·ã«æ²¿ã£ãç·ç©å(ãã ããã¶ã)ã§ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ãå°ç·äžã®ç¹ããç£å Žãèšç®ãããç¹ãŸã§ã®ãã¯ãã«ãè¡šãããŠããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšããŠãç¡éé ããç¡éé ãŸã§ç¶ãå°ç·ããrã ãé¢ããç¹ã§ã®ç£å Žã èšç®ããŠã¿ãã ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãäžã®ããã«é·ãå°ç·ãå¹³è¡ã«çœ®ãããšãã®æ¡ä»¶ãšè¿äŒŒçã« äžèŽããŠããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãå°ç·ã¯z軞æ¹åã«çœ®ãããŠãããšããã ããã«ç£å Žã®å€§ãããèšç®ããç¹ã®åº§æšã A(r,0,0)ãšããèšç®ãé²ããç¹ã®åº§æšãB(0,0,z)ãšãã åç¹ãOãšããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é
眮ã«ã€ããŠ",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã æŽã«è§OABã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ãšãããšãæ±ããç©åã¯",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãã(åŒäžã®eã¯åäœãã¯ãã«ãæ·»ãåã®yã¯åº§æšè»žyã®æ¹åã®ããšãeãšãã£ãŠããããã§ã¯é»åãšã¬ã¯ããã³ã®ããšã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãééããªãããã«ã)",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ç©åå€æ°ãzãã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã«ããã°ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã代å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®è¡šåŒã¯ããã¯ãã«ã®æ¹åãŸã§å«ããŠã以åå°ç·ã®åãã®ç£å Žãšã㊠äžããåŒãšäžèŽããŠããããã®ããšãããããª-ãµããŒã«ã®æ³åã¯ã 以åäžããè¡šåŒã®æ¡åŒµãšãªã£ãŠããããšãåããã",
"title": "éç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "ç£æ§äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç£å Žããããããã¯ãã«ãBãšãããšãããã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãšã¯ã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããåŒäžã®ãã¯ãã«Aã®ããšããã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã§ããã(ã¢ã³ãã¢ã®èšå·ãšã¯ããŸã£ããéãæå³ãªã®ã§ãééããŠæ··åããªãããã«ãããããåã«ãç£æ°ã®èšå·Bã®åã ããAããããã®è»œãæ°æã¡ã§ããããã®ç©çåŠè
ã®èª°ããããã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã®èšå·ã¯Aãšæžããããšæ±ºãããã ããã)",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ®éã¯ç£æ°Bã®ååžãå®éšçã«ã¯åãã£ãŠãå Žåãå€ãã ããããªã®ã«ããããããã¯ãã«è§£æã®å転ããã¡ããŠAãå®çŸ©ããã®ã¯ãäžèŠãããšããŸãããã©ããšæãããããããªããããããããã³ã·ã£ã«ã®ãããªæŠå¿µãçµç±ããããšã§ãéåéããšãã«ã®ãŒãšãã£ãéãšããŒã¬ã³ãåãé¢ä¿ã¥ãããããªãã",
"title": "ãã¯ãã«ããã³ã·ã£ã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "åç£å Ž"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "åç£å Ž"
}
] | é»ç£æ°åŠ > éç£å Ž | <small> [[é»ç£æ°åŠ]] > éç£å Ž</small>
== éç£å Ž ==
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"tag": "p",
"text": "Schemeã¯ç¶ç¶(continuation)ãšããããããžã匷åã§æè»ãªå¶åŸ¡æ©æ§ãåããŠããŸããç¶ç¶ãçšããã°å€§åè±åºãã³ã«ãŒãã³ãç䌌ãã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãããã¯ãã©ãã¯ãšãã£ãç¹æ®ãªå¶åŸ¡ãå¿
èŠãšããããã°ã©ã ãå¹ççã«èšè¿°ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãããããäžæ¹ã§ãã®æœè±¡åºŠã®é«ãããããç¶ç¶ã¯é£ãããã®ããšããå°è±¡ã匷ãããã§ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ç¶ç¶ã®æ£ç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã¯ãšããããåŸã«åããçŽæçãªèŠ³ç¹ããç¶ç¶ãå°å
¥ããŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "話ãç°¡åã«ãããããä»å
šãŠã®æç¶ãã1-in/1-outã§ãããããª1-Schemeãšãããã®ãèããŸããäŸãã°:",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªæç¶ãã1-Schemeæç¶ãã§ãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1-in/1-outæç¶ãf,g,hãèãããšããããã1-Schemeããã°ã©ã ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªåœ¢ããã€ãšèããããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãåã®æç¶ãã®åºåã次ã®æç¶ãã®å
¥åãšããŠæž¡ããããããé£ãªã£ãŠæçµçµæãå°ãããããã§ãããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«äŒŒãŠããŸããã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã§ãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å³åŒåã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§å°ã现工ãããŠ",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããã©ãã§ãããããã€ãŸãgã§èšç®ãããæ¿ããã«ååŸã®è絡ãªã1ãhã«æž¡ããŠããŸãããã§ããèããŠèŠãã°ãããã¯éšåã®å·®ãæ¿ããèµ·ããã ãã§ããã°ã©ã å
šäœã®é²è¡ã«ã¯å€§ããŠåœ±é¿ããªãããšãåãããŸããããã©ãããããç¹å¥ãªå Žåã«gã®èšç®ãçç¥ãããããšãã£ãããŒãºã«ãããžã䟿å©ã«èŠããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããå·®ãæ¿ããè¡ãã«ã¯ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ãç£èŠããã°ããããã§ããã€ãŸããåºæ¬çã«ã¯åã®æç¶ãã®å
¥åã次ã«æž¡ãã®ã ããå¿
èŠãªãæ¿ããã®å€ãæµã蟌ãã§ãããããšããã«ãŒã«ãããã°éšåã®å·®ãæ¿ããšåãããšãå®çŸã§ããŸããããã¯ã€ãŸãå³åŒã® => ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããæ段ããããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "=> ãšã¯ãªãã§ããããã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããšãåãããŸããããèãããšããã¯1-in/1-outã®æç¶ããã®ãã®ã§ãããããŠãåã®å€ããšã¯ãããæç¶ãã®èšç®çµæã®ããšã§ãããã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããããšãèšããŸããæåŸã«æµã蟌ã¿ã®ã«ãŒã«ãè¿œå ããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæ§è³ªãæã£ã => ããç¶ç¶æç¶ãããšãããŸãããããŠãããæç¶ããåŒã³åºãæã«ãããåŸãã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ãåãåºãæ段ãSchemeã«ã¯çšæãããŠããã®ã§ããããã¯call-with-current-continuationãããã¯çç¥ããŠcall/ccãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶æç¶ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Schemeã®ä»æ§æžR5RSã«ããã°ãç¶ç¶ã®æ£ç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã¯ããã§ãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã©ã«ãã®æªæ¥å
šäœãšã¯ãããã¶ãæã£ãŠåã£ãèšãæ¹ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ç¶ç¶æç¶ããé£ãªããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã®å
ãäœã§ããç¶ç¶ãšèããããšããããšãæå³ããŸããå®è¡åããã°ã©ã ã§ããã°ããã°ã©ã ã®çµäºãŸã§ã§ããã察話ç°å¢ãªãã次ã®å
¥åãåãåã£ãŠããã解éããŸã次ã®ã»ã»ããšããç¹°ãè¿ãã(å°ãªããšãæŠå¿µäž)ç¶ç¶å
šäœãšããŠãšãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æ³šæããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯ãäžç«¯åãåºããç¶ç¶æç¶ãã¯ãä»ã®æç¶ããšãªããå€ãããšããããªãããšããããšã§ããåã³äžã®äŸãèããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äŸãåå¥éãã«æžããšæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§cont-procã¯åãªãæç¶ããªã®ã§ãé©åœãªå€æ°ã«ä»£å
¥ããã°åŸããåå©çšã§ããŠããŸãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŸé©åœãªã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§contãåŒã³åºãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªå Žåãåã«åéæç¶ããåŒã¶ã ãã§ã¯ããŸãæå³ããªãã®ã§ãè±åºçšã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ããåæã«çšæããŠåŠçã®äžæãè¡ãã±ãŒã¹ãå€ãã§ãããã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžããŸãšãããšãç¶ç¶ã®åºæ¬çãªäœçšã¯æ¬¡ã®äºã€ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Schemeã®ç¶ç¶ã¯åºæ¬çã«ãäžå
¥åã®æç¶ããã§ãããã ãçã®å€å€ã§ããvaluesæç¶ãããã€é¢ä¿äžããcall-with-valuesã®çŽäžã§åŒã³åºãããcall/ccã¯nå
¥åã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ããçæããããšèŠå®ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãç¶ç¶ããšããæŠå¿µã¯å¿
ãããSchemeåºæã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããSchemeãšã¯ã³ã»ããã§æ±ãããããšãå€ãããã§ããçç±ã¯è²ã
ãããŸããã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ãèããããŸãã",
"title": "ç¶ç¶"
}
] | Schemeã¯ç¶ç¶(continuation)ãšããããããžã匷åã§æè»ãªå¶åŸ¡æ©æ§ãåããŠããŸããç¶ç¶ãçšããã°å€§åè±åºãã³ã«ãŒãã³ãç䌌ãã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãããã¯ãã©ãã¯ãšãã£ãç¹æ®ãªå¶åŸ¡ãå¿
èŠãšããããã°ã©ã ãå¹ççã«èšè¿°ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãããããäžæ¹ã§ãã®æœè±¡åºŠã®é«ãããããç¶ç¶ã¯é£ãããã®ããšããå°è±¡ã匷ãããã§ãã ããã§ã¯ç¶ç¶ã®æ£ç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã¯ãšããããåŸã«åããçŽæçãªèŠ³ç¹ããç¶ç¶ãå°å
¥ããŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã | Schemeã¯ç¶ç¶('''continuation''')ãšããããããžã匷åã§æè»ãªå¶åŸ¡æ©æ§ãåããŠããŸããç¶ç¶ãçšããã°å€§åè±åºãã³ã«ãŒãã³ãç䌌ãã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãããã¯ãã©ãã¯ãšãã£ãç¹æ®ãªå¶åŸ¡ãå¿
èŠãšããããã°ã©ã ãå¹ççã«èšè¿°ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãããããäžæ¹ã§ãã®æœè±¡åºŠã®é«ãããããç¶ç¶ã¯é£ãããã®ããšããå°è±¡ã匷ãããã§ãã
ããã§ã¯ç¶ç¶ã®æ£ç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã¯ãšããããåŸã«åããçŽæçãªèŠ³ç¹ããç¶ç¶ãå°å
¥ããŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã
== ç¶ç¶æç¶ã==
話ãç°¡åã«ãããããä»å
šãŠã®æç¶ãã1-in/1-outã§ãããããª1-Schemeãšãããã®ãèããŸããäŸãã°ïŒ
(define (double x) (* x x))
(double 2) => 4
(define (add1 x) (+ x 1))
(add1 2) => 3
ã®ãããªæç¶ãã1-Schemeæç¶ãã§ãã
----
:(ãªãSchemeã§ã¯lambdaãèªç±ã«å°å
¥ã§ããã®ã§ãn-inã®æç¶ãã§ãã£ãŠã次ã®ããã«ã1-inæç¶ãã®ã€ãªãã£ããã®ãã«å å·¥ã§ããŸã)
(define (f x y) (* x y))
(lambda (X)
(lambda (Y)
(f X Y)))
----
1-in/1-outæç¶ãf,g,hãèãããšããããã1-Schemeããã°ã©ã ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«æ¬¡ã®ãããªåœ¢ããã€ãšèããããŸãã
(h (g (f å
¥å))) => çµæ
ã€ãŸãåã®æç¶ãã®åºåã次ã®æç¶ãã®å
¥åãšããŠæž¡ããããããé£ãªã£ãŠæçµçµæãå°ãããããã§ãããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«äŒŒãŠããŸããã
ãšããã§ãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«å³åŒåã§ããŸãã
å
¥å => [ f => g => h ] => çµæ
ããã§å°ã现工ãããŠ
å
¥å => [ f => 1 => h ] => çµæ
ãšãããã©ãã§ãããããã€ãŸãgã§èšç®ãããæ¿ããã«ååŸã®è絡ãªã1ãhã«æž¡ããŠããŸãããã§ããèããŠèŠãã°ãããã¯éšåã®å·®ãæ¿ããèµ·ããã ãã§ããã°ã©ã å
šäœã®é²è¡ã«ã¯å€§ããŠåœ±é¿ããªãããšãåãããŸããããã©ãããããç¹å¥ãªå Žåã«gã®èšç®ãçç¥ãããããšãã£ãããŒãºã«ãããžã䟿å©ã«èŠããŸãã
ããããå·®ãæ¿ããè¡ãã«ã¯ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ãç£èŠããã°ããããã§ããã€ãŸããåºæ¬çã«ã¯åã®æç¶ãã®å
¥åã次ã«æž¡ãã®ã ããå¿
èŠãªãæ¿ããã®å€ãæµã蟌ãã§ãããããšããã«ãŒã«ãããã°éšåã®å·®ãæ¿ããšåãããšãå®çŸã§ããŸããããã¯ã€ãŸãå³åŒã® => ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããæ段ããããšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
=> ãšã¯ãªãã§ããããã
ãŸã
* '''åã®å€ãåãåã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®æç¶ãã«æž¡ãäœã'''
ã§ããããšãåãããŸããããèãããšããã¯1-in/1-outã®æç¶ããã®ãã®ã§ãããããŠãåã®å€ããšã¯ãããæç¶ãã®èšç®çµæã®ããšã§ãããã
* '''ããæç¶ããåŒã³åºããšãããã®åŸãã«å¿
ã => ãäžã€ãã'''
ãšããããšãèšããŸããæåŸã«æµã蟌ã¿ã®ã«ãŒã«ãè¿œå ããŸãã
* '''äœãããªããã° => ã¯ãã®æåã®æç¶ãã®çµæãåãåãããå¿
èŠãªãä»»æã®å€ãæž¡ããŠããã'''
ãã®ãããªæ§è³ªãæã£ã => ãã'''ç¶ç¶æç¶ã'''ããšãããŸãããããŠãããæç¶ããåŒã³åºãæã«ãããåŸãã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ãåãåºãæ段ãSchemeã«ã¯çšæãããŠããã®ã§ããããã¯call-with-current-continuationãããã¯çç¥ããŠcall/ccãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã
== ç¶ç¶ ==
Schemeã®ä»æ§æžR5RSã«ããã°ãç¶ç¶ã®æ£ç¢ºãªå®çŸ©ã¯ããã§ãã
:Whenever a Scheme expression is evaluated there is a continuation waiting the result of the expression. The continuation represents an entire (default) future for the computation.
:[èš³] Schemeã®åŒãè©äŸ¡ãããæãããã«ã¯è©äŸ¡ã®çµæãåŸ
ã€ç¶ç¶ãäžã€åŸ
æ©ããŠãããç¶ç¶ã¯èšç®ã®(ããã©ã«ãã®)æªæ¥å
šäœãè¡šããŠããã
ããã©ã«ãã®æªæ¥å
šäœãšã¯ãããã¶ãæã£ãŠåã£ãèšãæ¹ã§ã<ref> futureã«æªæ¥ã®åœ¹ãåœãŠãŸããããGoFã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã®[[W:Future ãã¿ãŒã³|Future ãã¿ãŒã³]]ã«çžåœããŸãã</ref>ã
ããã¯ç¶ç¶æç¶ããé£ãªããã€ãã©ã€ã³ã®å
ãäœã§ããç¶ç¶ãšèããããšããããšãæå³ããŸããå®è¡åããã°ã©ã ã§ããã°ããã°ã©ã ã®çµäºãŸã§ã§ããã察話ç°å¢ãªãã次ã®å
¥åãåãåã£ãŠããã解éããŸã次ã®ã»ã»ããšããç¹°ãè¿ãã(å°ãªããšãæŠå¿µäž)ç¶ç¶å
šäœãšããŠãšãããŸãã
ããã§æ³šæããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã¯ãäžç«¯åãåºããç¶ç¶æç¶ãã¯ãä»ã®æç¶ããšãªããå€ãããšããããªãããšããããšã§ããåã³äžã®äŸãèããŸãã
äžã®äŸãåå¥éãã«æžããšæ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
(h
(call/cc
(lambda (cont-proc) ;; ç¶ç¶æç¶ãããšãåºã
(let ((v (f å
¥å)))
(cont-proc 1) ;; ç¶ç¶æç¶ãã«1ãæž¡ã
(g v) ;; ããã§gãåŒã³åºããŠãããã
)))) ;; çŽåã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ãã§è±åºããŠããŸããããå®éã«ã¯å®è¡ãããªã
=> (h 1)
ããã§cont-procã¯åãªãæç¶ããªã®ã§ãé©åœãªå€æ°ã«ä»£å
¥ããã°åŸããåå©çšã§ããŠããŸãã®ã§ãã
(define reuse #f)
(h
(call/cc
(lambda (cont-proc)
(let ((v (f å
¥å)))
(set! reuse cont-proc)
(g v) ;; ä»åºŠã¯cont-procãåŒã³åºããŠããªãã®ã§æ®éã«æç¶ãã¯çµäºãã
))))
=> (h (g v))
ãã®åŸé©åœãªã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§contãåŒã³åºãããšãã§ããŸãã
(reuse 1)
=> (h 1)
ãã®ãããªå Žåãåã«åéæç¶ããåŒã¶ã ãã§ã¯ããŸãæå³ããªãã®ã§ãè±åºçšã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ããåæã«çšæããŠåŠçã®äžæãè¡ãã±ãŒã¹ãå€ãã§ãããã
(define (re-entrant stop-cont)
(call/cc
(lambda (continue)
(stop-cont continue))) ;; åéçšã®æç¶ããæž¡ããŠäžç«¯çµäº
(continued-body) ;;continueãåŒã³åºããããšå®è¡ããã
...
)
以äžããŸãšãããšãç¶ç¶ã®åºæ¬çãªäœçšã¯æ¬¡ã®äºã€ã«ãªããŸãã
* æç¶ãåŒã³åºãã®çŽåã«call/ccã䜿ãããšã§ãæ¿ããã®è±åºçµè·¯ãåãåºãã
* ç¶ç¶ãä¿åããããšã§åŠçã®åéãã§ãã
=== Schemeãšç¶ç¶ ===
Schemeã®ç¶ç¶ã¯åºæ¬çã«ãäžå
¥åã®æç¶ããã§ãããã ãçã®å€å€ã§ããvaluesæç¶ãããã€é¢ä¿äžããcall-with-valuesã®çŽäžã§åŒã³åºãããcall/ccã¯nå
¥åã®ç¶ç¶æç¶ããçæããããšèŠå®ãããŠããŸãã
ãç¶ç¶ããšããæŠå¿µã¯å¿
ãããSchemeåºæã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããSchemeãšã¯ã³ã»ããã§æ±ãããããšãå€ãããã§ããçç±ã¯è²ã
ãããŸããã
* ã©ã ãç®æ³ãã£ãŠã®ç¶ç¶ãšããããš(å
šãŠã®æäœãlambdaæç¶ããšèŠãªãããããããããç¶æ³ã§æ£ããç¶ç¶ãåãåºãã)
* åçå(ç¶ç¶ã«ä»»æã®å€ãæž¡ãã)
* äžæ¹ã§å¯äœçšããã€(ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¯ããŒãžã£ãšçµã¿åãããããšã§åšåãçºæ®ãã)
ãªã©ãèããããŸãã
== ç¶ç¶ã®å¿çšäŸ ==
* è±åºç¶ç¶
* ããªãŒæ¢çŽ¢
* ã³ã«ãŒãã³
* ããã¯ãã©ãã¯
* å調çãã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯(call/cc軜éã¹ã¬ãã)
* äŸå€åŠç
{{DEFAULTSORT:ãããã}}
[[Category:Scheme]] | null | 2022-01-10T02:45:00Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Scheme/%E7%B6%99%E7%B6%9A |
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[[Category:JavaScript]]
[[ã«ããŽãª:XML]] | 2005-07-28T15:05:26Z | 2024-02-18T14:08:38Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "çµæã¯ã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæŽæ°ã«æŽæ°ããããŠã§ããæ°ããããæŽæ°ã®åæ°ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ããããŸã(0ã«ã€ããŠã¯èããŸãã)ãããæŽæ°ã®åæ°ã¯ãç¡æ°ã«ãããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããæŽæ°ãããåãããšãã§ããæŽæ°ããããæŽæ°ã® çŽæ° ãšãããŸãã ããšãã°ã12ã®çŽæ°ã«ã¯ 1,2,3,4,6,12 ããããŸããçŽæ°ã®åæ°ã«ã¯ãéãããããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®æŽæ°ã«å
±éããŠããåæ°ã å
¬åæ°ãšãããŸããç¹ã«ãæãå°ããå
¬åæ°ã æå°å
¬åæ° ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®æŽæ°ã«å
±éããŠããçŽæ°ã å
¬çŽæ°ãšãããŸããç¹ã«ãæã倧ããå
¬çŽæ°ã æ倧å
¬çŽæ° ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é森çãšåæµ·éãçµã¶éåœãã³ãã«ã®é·ãã¯53.85kmã§ãããã®53.85ãšããæ°ã«ã€ããŠèããŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæ±äº¬éœãã倧éªåºãèµ°ã£ãŠããæ±æµ·éæ°å¹¹ç·ã®è·¯ç·ãããã¯515.4kmã§ãããã®515.4ãšããæ°ã«ã€ããŠèããŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°æ°ã®ããç®ãšããç®ããæŽæ°ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ã§ããŸãã ãããæŽæ°ãšåãããã«èšç®ãããšççŸããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ããç®ã®åé¡ã解ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒã¯ 2.3 à 2.8 {\\displaystyle 2.3\\times 2.8} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšç®ã®ããããèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã®éãã23kgãš10åã«ãããšãæ±ããéãã10åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã®é·ãã10åã«ãªããšãæ±ããéãã10åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1mã®éãã2.3kgã®ãã€ã2.8mã®éããåºãã«ã¯ããã®ç©ã 1 100 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{100}}} ã«ããã°ããã®ã§",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2.3 à 2.8 = 23 à 28 ÷ 100 = 6.44 {\\displaystyle 2.3\\times 2.8=23\\times 28\\div 100=6.44}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã 2.3 à 2.8 = 6.44 {\\displaystyle 2.3\\times 2.8=6.44} ãšãªããŸããçãã¯6.44kgã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®ããç®ã®åé¡ã解ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒã¯ 7.8 ÷ 6.5 {\\displaystyle 7.8\\div 6.5} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èšç®ã®ããããèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åããŒãã®é·ãã10åã«ããã°ãéãã10åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "65mã®ãŒãã®éã㯠7.8 à 10 = 78 {\\displaystyle 7.8\\times 10=78}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éã®ãŒã1mã®éã㯠( 7.8 à 10 ) ÷ ( 6.5 à 10 ) = 78 ÷ 65 = 1.2 {\\displaystyle (7.8\\times 10)\\div (6.5\\times 10)=78\\div 65=1.2}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã 7.8 ÷ 6.5 = 1.2 {\\displaystyle 7.8\\div 6.5=1.2} ãšãªããŸããçãã¯1.2kgã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®å³ãèŠãŠãã ããããã¡ã€ã«:Fraction4 6.svg 2 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{3}}} ãš 4 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {4}{6}}} ãš 6 9 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {6}{9}}} ãåã倧ããã§ããããšããããã§ããããã§ãããã 4 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {4}{6}}} ã 6 9 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {6}{9}}} 㯠2 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{3}}} ã«ãªãããŸãããåæ°ããåã倧ããã§ãåæ¯ãšååãã§ããã ãå°ããåæ°ã«ãªããããšã çŽåãã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããåæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ã«ãåãæ°ããããããã£ããããŠãåæ°ã®å€§ããã¯å€ãããŸããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåããæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ãåæ¯ãšååãåæ¯ãšååã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã§ããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã»ã©ã® çŽå ãšã¯éã«ãããšãã°ã 2 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{3}}} 㯠4 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {4}{6}}} ã 6 9 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {6}{9}}} ãšãªãããŸããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ã 1 2 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{2}}} 㯠2 4 , 3 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{4}},{\\frac {3}{6}}} ...ãšãªããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{3}}} 㯠2 6 , 3 9 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{6}},{\\frac {3}{9}}} ... ãšãªããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸã 1 2 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{2}}} ãš 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{3}}} 㯠ãããã 3 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {3}{6}}} ã 2 6 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{6}}} ã«ãªãããŸããããã®ããã«ã2ã€ä»¥äžã®åæ°ã åæ¯ãåã倧ããã«ãªãããã«çŽãããšã éåãã ãšãããŸããéåããæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®åæ°ã®åæ¯ã ãã¹ãŠã®åæ°ã®åæ¯ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã«ããããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ¯ãããšãªãåæ°ã®ããç®ãã²ãç®ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ¯ãåãåæ°ã®ããç®ã¯ãã§ã«åŠãã§ããŸãããã㧠éå ããŠãåæ¯ããããããšã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5 1 5 + 3 1 5 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {5}{1}}5+{\\frac {3}{1}}5}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãããããèšç®ãããš 8 1 5 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {8}{1}}5} ãšãªãã®ã§ãçã㯠8 1 5 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {8}{1}}5} ã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠèããŸãããã ããããå
ã»ã©ãšåãããã«éåããŠã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5 6 â 1 2 = 5 6 â 3 6 = 2 6 = 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {5}{6}}-{\\frac {1}{2}}={\\frac {5}{6}}-{\\frac {3}{6}}={\\frac {2}{6}}={\\frac {1}{3}}}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããäžã®ããã«ãçããçŽåã§ããå Žåã¯ãå¿
ãçŽåããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®åé¡ã解ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒã¯ 2 ÷ 3 {\\displaystyle 2\\div 3} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°æ°ã§è¡šããš 2 ÷ 3 = 0.666 {\\displaystyle 2\\div 3=0.666} ...... ãšãªãããããããŸããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1Lã3çåããéã¯ã 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{3}}} Lã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2Lã¯1Lã®2ã€åã§ãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2Lã3çåããéã®ãã¡ã®1ã€ã¯1Lã3çåããéã®2ã€åã§ããããã 2 3 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {2}{3}}} Lã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠ 2 ÷ 3 = 2 3 {\\displaystyle 2\\div 3={\\frac {2}{3}}} ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãåæ°ã¯ãåæ°ã䜿ããšæ£ç¢ºã«è¡šãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽæ°ã©ããã®ããç®ã®åã¯ãåæ°ã§è¡šãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "⯠÷ Ⳡ= ⯠Ⳡ{\\displaystyle \\bigcirc \\div \\triangle ={\\frac {\\bigcirc }{\\triangle }}}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã0.5ãš0.24ãåæ°ã«ãªãããŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.1 = 1 10 {\\displaystyle 0.1={\\frac {1}{10}}} ã§ããããã 0.5 = 5 10 {\\displaystyle 0.5={\\frac {5}{10}}} ( = 1 2 ) {\\displaystyle (={\\frac {1}{2}})}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.01 = 1 100 {\\displaystyle 0.01={\\frac {1}{100}}} ã§ããããã 0.24 = 24 100 {\\displaystyle 0.24={\\frac {24}{100}}} ( = 6 25 ) {\\displaystyle (={\\frac {6}{25}})}",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°æ°ã¯ã10ã100ãªã©ãåæ¯ãšããåæ°ã«ãªããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5ãåæ°ã«ãªãããŸãããã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽæ°ã¯ã1ãªã©ãåæ¯ãšããåæ°ã«ãªããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "åŒãšèšç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®åé¡ãèããŸãããã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "âãšâã¯å
šéšã§äœåãããŸããã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â {\\displaystyle \\bullet } ãš â {\\displaystyle \\circ } ãå
šéšããããŠèãããš",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â {\\displaystyle \\bullet } ã®æ°ãš â {\\displaystyle \\circ } ã®æ°ãããããæ±ããŠãããããš",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( )ã䜿ã£ãåŒã®èšç®ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªæ³å(ã»ããã)ããããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªæ³å(ã»ããã)ã åé
æ³å(ã¶ãã±ãã»ããã) ãšãããŸãã(å°åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãæ³ååã¯èŠããªããŠãæ§ããŸããã)",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èãã䜿ã£ãŠãããµãããŠæç®ã§èšç®ãããã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããç®ãšããç®ã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªããŸãããããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ããç®ã® 亀ææ³å(ãããã ã»ããã)ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ããç®ã® çµåæ³å(ãã€ãã ã»ããã)ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ããç®ã® 亀ææ³å(ãããã ã»ããã)ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ããç®ã® çµåæ³å(ãã€ãã ã»ããã)ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®èãã䜿ã£ãŠãããµãããŠæç®ã§èšç®ãããã",
"title": "èšç®ã®ããŸã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®å³åœ¢ãããã®å³åœ¢ã®äœçœ®ãåãããããŠã圢ãšå€§ããããããã«ãéãããããšãããã®2ã€ã®å³åœ¢ã¯ ååã§ãã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€è§åœ¢ (ããããã)ãšã¯ã3æ¬ä»¥äžã®ç·ã§ãã€ãã®ã©ãããçµã°ããå³åœ¢ã®ããšãèšããŸããååã¯ç·ã3æ¬ãªã äžè§åœ¢ ã4æ¬ãªã åè§åœ¢ ã5æ¬ãªã äºè§åœ¢(ããããã)ãã»ã»ã»ãšãããµãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã蟺ã®é·ããšè§ã®å€§ãããå
šãŠåãã§ããå€è§åœ¢ã®ããšã æ£å€è§åœ¢ (ããããããã)ãšèšããŸããäžè§åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯æ£äžè§åœ¢ãåè§åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯æ£åè§åœ¢(ãæ£æ¹åœ¢ã(ããã»ããã)ãšããã®ããµã€ãã§ã)ãäºè§åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯æ£äºè§åœ¢ã»ã»ã»ãšãããµãã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£å€è§åœ¢ã¯ããŸãåãããããã®äžå¿ã®åšãã®è§ãçåããããšã§ãããŸããäŸãã°æ£äºè§åœ¢ã¯ãåãããããã®äžå¿ã®åšãã®è§ã5çåããŠã72°ãã€ã«åºåããåºåãçŽç·ãçžãšäº€ãã£ããšããã®ç¹ãçµã¶ããšã§æžããŸãããªããæ£å
è§åœ¢ã¯ã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ããããŠã3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã¯ãã©ããªäžè§åœ¢ã§ã 180°ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè§åœ¢ã®4ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã¯ãã©ããªåè§åœ¢ã§ã 360°ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè§åœ¢ã«å¯Ÿè§ç·ã1æ¬åŒãã°ããµãã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã«åãããã®ã§ã2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã«çãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºè§åœ¢ã§ã¯ãäºè§åœ¢ã®5ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã«çãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºè§åœ¢ã®å
è§ã®åãããšããããã®å¯Ÿè§ç·ã®ã²ãããã«ã¯ããããããšãããŸããããšã«ããäºè§åœ¢ã®å
è§ã®åã¯äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã«çãããªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
è§åœ¢ã®6ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åãããšããããã®å¯Ÿè§ç·ã®ã²ãããã«ã¯ããããããšãããŸããããšã«ããå
è§åœ¢ã®6ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã¯ã4ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®è§ã®å€§ããã®åã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®ãŸããã®é·ãã ååš ãšãããŸãã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšã¯æ²ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ãå®èŠã§ã¯ã¯ãããŸãããããããååšÃ·çŽåŸãã¯ã©ã®åã§ãåãã§ããããã ååšç(ãããã
ããã€) ãšãããååšç㯠ããã3.14 ã§ããããšã ããã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšçã¯ããããã㯠3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 ... ãšãéããªãç¶ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãååšç㯠3.14 ãšããŠèšç®ããããšãå€ãã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšçã¯ãåæ°ã§è¡šãããšã¯ã§ããªãæ°ã§ãå°æ°ã§è¡šããšãã€ãŸã§ãçµãããªãããšãããã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããã¯ããã®åé¡ã解ããšã7Ã3.14=21.98(cm)ãšããããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢ç©ã¯ãå³åœ¢ã®åºããè¡šããã®ã§ããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢ç©ã¯é·æ¹åœ¢ã»æ£æ¹åœ¢ã®å Žåã¯ãããŠÃããã§è¡šãããšãã§ããŸããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãããŠ4cmããã5cmã®é·æ¹åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã¯ã4Ã5=20(cm)ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®å³åœ¢ã§ããé¢ç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®å³1ã®æ¹çŒçŽã¯1ç®ãã1cmã§ããå³1ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®å³1ã®æ¹çŒçŽã¯1ç®ãã1cmã§ããå³1ã®å¹³è¡å蟺圢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³1ã®å°åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³1ã®ã²ã圢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2幎çã§ã¯ãããããããLããªã©ã®åäœã«ã€ããŠããªãããŸããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç«äœã®ã空éã§ã®å€§ãã(ä»ãŸã§ã«ç¿ã£ãããããã®ããš)ã äœç© (ãããã) ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é¢ç©ã§ã¯ã瞊(ããŠ)ãšæšª(ãã)ã 1cm ã®æ£æ¹åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ã®ããšã 1cm ãš ãããŸããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœç©ã§ã¯ã瞊(ããŠ) 㚠暪(ãã) ãš é«ã(ããã) ã 1cm ã® ç«æ¹äœ ã® äœç© ã 1cm ãš æžã ãã 1 ç«æ¹(ãã£ãœã) ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ããšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœç©ã¯ã瞊㚠暪㚠é«ãã 1cm ã® ç«æ¹äœ ã® äœç©(1cm)ããããã€åãã§è¡šããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ¹äœ(ã¡ããã»ããã) 㯠é·æ¹åœ¢ ã ãããã ç©ã¿ éãªã£ã ãã® ã ç«æ¹äœã¯ æ£æ¹åœ¢ ã ãããã ç©ã¿ éãªã£ããã® ãš èããŠã¿ããšãäœç©ã¯ ããŠÃ暪à é«ã ã®åŒã§ æ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç«æ¹äœ(ãã£ãœããã) 㯠å
šãŠã®èŸºã®é·ããåããªã®ã§ãé«ãã1蟺ã®é·ãã«ãªããŸãããŸããåºé¢ã®é¢ç©ã¯ä»ãŸã§ã©ãã 瞊Ã暪 ã®åŒã§èšç®ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®åé¡ãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããåé¡ããããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽæ¹äœã®äœç©ã¯ 瞊Ã暪Ãé«ã ãªã®ã§ã2Ã3Ã6=36(cm)ãšæ±ããããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèŸºã1mã®ç«æ¹äœã®äœç©ã1ç«æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«(ãã¡ ãã£ãœãã¡ãŒãã«)ãšèšã 1m ãšæžããŸãã1ç«æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ãç«æ¹ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«ã§æžãããšãããšã1mã¯100cmã§ãããã1m ã¯",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã(äžç«æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ã¯ãçŸäžç«æ¹ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«)",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ããã氎槜(ãããã)ãããŒã«ãªã©ãæ°Žãªã©ã®æ¶²äœ(ãããã)ãããã容åš(ããã)ã«ã€ããŠã容åšã®å
éšã®é·ããå
(ãã¡)ã®ããšããããã®å®¹åšã«å
¥ããã液äœã®äœç©ã 容ç©(ãããã) ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "容ç©ã®åäœ(ããã)ã¯ãäœç©ãšåãããã«LãdLãç«æ¹cmãç«æ¹mãªã©ããã€ãããŸãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã1L㯠1000cm ã§ããã€ãŸã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1dL㯠100cm ã§ããã€ãŸã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1mL㯠1cm ã§ããã€ãŸã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã«ã¯é¢ãã5åããããŸããäžè§æ±ã®é¢ã®ãã¡ã2åã¯äžè§åœ¢ã§ããäžè§æ±ã®é¢ã®ãã¡ã3åã¯åè§åœ¢ã§ãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã«ã¯ãé ç¹ã 6å ãããŸãã(æ°ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã)",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã«ã¯ã蟺ã 9æ¬ ãããŸãã(æ°ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã)",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã®äžäžã®2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ã åºé¢(ãŠããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºé¢ã®é¢ç©ã®ããšã åºé¢ç©(ãŠããããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã®åºé¢ç©ã¯ãåºé¢ã®åã®é¢ç©ãšããªãã§ãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåŽã®é¢ãããåºãé¢ãšããã®ã¯å€ã ãšæããããããŸããããæ
£ç¿(ãããã
ã)ã§ãããåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã®ã2ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã§ããåºé¢ã®ããã ã®ãããããäžè§æ±ã® é«ã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ã®ãå±éãããšåè§åœ¢ã«ãªãéšåã®é¢ã åŽé¢(ãããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŽé¢ã®é¢ç©ã®ããšã åŽé¢ç©(ãããããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ±ã«ã¯é¢ã3åãããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ±ã®é¢ã®ãã¡2åã¯åã§ãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ±ã®äžäžã®2ã€ã®åã®é¢ã åºé¢(ãŠããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ±ã®ã2ã€ã®åã§ããåºé¢ã®äžå¿ãçµãã ãããããåæ±ã® é«ã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ±ã®ãå±éãããšåè§åœ¢ã«ãªãéšåã®é¢ã åŽé¢(ãããã) ãšèšããŸãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å±éå³ãã¿ããšãåŽé¢ç©ã®çžŠã®é·ãããåæ±ã®é«ããã«ãšã£ãå Žåã¯ãåŽé¢ç©ã®æšªã®é·ãã¯ãåºé¢ã®ååšã§ãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãã",
"title": "è§æ±ãšåæ±"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµãã«ãŒããŒã«ãè²·ãããã«ã2ã€ã®åº AåºãšBåºã«è¡ããŸããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããµãã«ãŒããŒã«ã®æ°ãéããŸããã©ã®ããã«æ¯ã¹ãã°ããã§ããããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãããµãã«ãŒããŒã«1ã€ã§1200åããšãããµãã«ãŒããŒã«1ã€ã§1300åããšã§ããã°ã ããµãã«ãŒããŒã«1ã€ã§1200åãã®æ¹ãå®ããšããããšã¯ããåãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸãããµãã«ãŒããŒã«ã®æ°ãéããšãã¯ããµãã«ãŒããŒã«1ã€ãããã®å€æ®µãæ¯ã¹ãã°ãã©ã¡ããå®ããåããããã§ãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãã~1ã€ããããã®ãããªãã®ããåäœãããã®éãšãããŸãããåäœããšããã®ã¯ããåºæºãšããéãã®ããšã§ãããµã€ãã¯1ãåºæºãšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1åãããã®å€æ®µã§æ¯ã¹ãã°ãAåºã®ã»ããå®ããšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ç·Žç¿åé¡)",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1kmãããã®äººå£ã人å£å¯åºŠãšãããŸãã ã§ã¯ãæ±äº¬éœãšé«ç¥çã®äººå£å¯åºŠãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãç¹ã«éãã«ã€ããŠåŠãã§ãããŸãããã äŸãã°ãã©ã€ãªã³ã9ç§éã«ã200mã ãèµ°ã£ããšããŸãããŸããããªã³ã¯ã6ç§éã«100mã ãèµ°ã£ããšããŸãããã®ãšããã©ã€ãªã³ã¯1ç§éã«ããã22.2m,ããªã³ã¯ã1ç§éã«ããã16.7mèµ°ã£ãããšã«ãªããŸãããã®ããã«ãããæéãããã«åãå²åããããã®ãéããšããŸãã éãã¯ããæéãããã®éããè¡šããã®ã§ããããéãã¯",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æéãšã¯ã1æéãããã«é²ãè·é¢ã§éããããããããéãã®åäœã§ãã ããšãã°ã1æéã«10kmãé²ãèªè»¢è»ã®éãã¯ãæé10kmã§ãã2æéã§14kmãé²ãã ããæé7kmã§ãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé ãšã¯ã1åãããã«é²ãè·é¢ã§éããããããããéãã®åäœã§ãã ããšãã°ãæé10kmãšããéããåéã«ãªãããš",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããããåé0.167kmã«ãã€ãŸãããããåé167mã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§é ãšã¯ã1ç§ãããã«é²ãè·é¢(ããã)ã§éããããããããéãã®åäœã§ãã ããšãã°ç§é15cmãåéã«ãªãããšã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããç§é15cmã¯ãåé900cmãã€ãŸãåé9mãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããæé5kmããããæ¯æ5kmãã5km/hããªã©ãšè¡šãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã©ãœã³éžæã42.195kmãã2.2æéã§èµ°ãçµããŸããããã®éžæã®éãã¯ãæéäœkmã§ããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒã¯42.195 ÷ {\\displaystyle \\div } 2.2 ãšãªããŸãããããèšç®ãããš 19.17...ãšãªãã®ã§ããããæé19.2kmãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éã=éã®ã÷æé ã§ãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(åéãæ±ããæ¹æ³ãšãäœæéã§ã€ããæ±ããæ¹æ³ã§ãã£ãŠã¿ãŸããã)",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°¡åã«ã¯ãåãããŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã5幎çãš6幎çã§ãå
šäœã®äººæ°ãéãããã§ãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãæ¯ã¹ãããã«ã5幎çãš6幎çã®ã®äººæ°ãããããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãå
šäœã®äººæ°ã100人ã«ããããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5幎çã¯ããšããšå
šäœã®äººæ°ã200人ã§ããããããã2ã§ãã£ãŠ100人ã«ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ã6幎çã¯ããšããšã®å
šäœã®äººæ°ã50人ã§ããããããã2åããŠ100人ã«ããŸãã åæã«ãé³æ¥œãããèã人ã®äººæ°ã2åããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããå
šäœã®äººæ°ã100人ã ã£ããšãããšãé³æ¥œãããèã人ã¯ã5幎çã§ã¯50人ã6幎çã§ã¯60人 ããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çµæã6幎çã®æ¹ãé³æ¥œãããèããšèšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯å
šäœã®äººæ°ã100人ã«ããããŸãããããã¡ããä»ã®æ°ã«ããŠãåãçµæã«ãªãã¯ãã§ãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãå
šäœã®äººæ°ã1人ã ãšããŠãåãããã«èšç®ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "5幎çã¯ããšããšå
šäœã®äººæ°ã200人ã§ããããããã200ã§ãã£ãŠ1人ã«ããŸãã åæã«ãé³æ¥œãããèã人ã®äººæ°ã200ã§ãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ã6幎çã¯ããšããšã®å
šäœã®äººæ°ã50人ã§ããããããã50ã§å²ã£ãŠ1人ã«ããŸãã åæã«ãé³æ¥œå¥œããªäººã®äººæ°ã50ã§å²ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããå
šäœã®äººæ°ã1人ã ã£ããšãããšãé³æ¥œå¥œããªäººã¯ã5幎çã§0.5人ã6幎çã§ã¯0.6人 ããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çµæã6幎çã®æ¹ãé³æ¥œå¥œãã§ãããšèšããå
ã»ã©ãšåãçµæã«ãªããŸããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®2ã€ãã®äŸã®ããã«ãããé(ããšã«ããéãšãã)ã1ãšãããšããå¥ã®ããé(ããã¹ãéãšãã)ãããéã®äœåããè¡šãæ°ã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«ãå²åã¯",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å²åãšããã®ã¯ããããé(æ¯ã¹ãé)ããããå¥ã®é(ããšã«ããé)ã®äœåããšããããšã§ãã ã§ãããã å²å = ããã¹ãé ÷ ããšã«ããé",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã®åŒããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å²åã¯äŸãã°ããã®ããããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ææ±100%ã§ãããããããããéçéžæã®ä»ã·ãŒãºã³ã®æçã¯3å²1å5åã§ãããããªã©ãšäœ¿ãããŸãããã®åäœã¯ã©ã®ãããªå²åãè¡šããèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.01åã 1%ãšè¡šãè¡šãæ¹ã çŸåç ãšãããŸããã§ããããå
ã«ããé㯠100% ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0.1åã 1å²ã0.01åãåã0.001åãåãšè¡šãå²åã®è¡šãæ¹ããæ©åããšãããŸããéçã®æçãªã©ã®è¡šãæ¹ã§äœ¿ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å²åãè¡šãã°ã©ãã«ã¯ã垯ã°ã©ããšåã°ã©ãããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°éé¢ä¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®éã§ãäžæ¹ã2åã3åã...ãšãªã£ããšããããäžæ¹ã2åã3åã...ãšãªããšãã2ã€ã®æ°é㯠æ¯äŸããŠãã ãšãããŸãã",
"title": "æ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ¯äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3ã€ã®ã³ããã« 160mLã210mLã230mL ã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãå
¥ãã®ã§ããããAãããBãããCããã®3人ã§é£²ãããšæããŸããããããããã§ã¯ã1人åã®éã åç ã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã§ã3人ã§ãŽã£ããåããæ¹æ³ãèããŸãããã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãããã€ãã®æ°éãã1ã€ãããã®éãçãããªãããã«ãªããããã®ã å¹³åãšãããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåèš=å¹³åÃåæ°ãåæ°=åèšÃ·å¹³å ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "8人ã«ç®æ°ã®ãã¹ããè¡ã£ããšãããç¹æ°ã¯",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããããã®ãã¹ãã®8人ã®å¹³åç¹ã¯äœç¹ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³å = åèš Ã· åæ° ãªã®ã§",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸãã ãªããå¹³åã¯å°æ°ãåæ°ãšãªãããšããããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã10人ããã¯ã©ãã®åã¡ã³ããŒã®äœéããã€ãã®ãããªãšãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœéã®å¹³åã¯",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã61.2 kg ãå¹³åã®äœéãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®è¡šã¯ããŠã£ãå°åŠæ ¡ã®5幎1çµã®ããã1é±éã®ãæ¬ã®è²žãåºãåæ°ã§ãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®è¡šã§ã¯ãæ°Žææ¥ã«ã0åãšãŸã£ããåããããŠããŸããããã0ãã®ããŒã¿ã§ãå¹³åã«å«ããŸãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã¯ãAããã®ã5åã®å¹
è·³ã³ã®çµæãè¡šãããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "4åç®ã«ãã»ãã®èšé²ãšå€§ããã¯ãªããã327cmããšããèšé²ãåºãŠããŸãããã¯ãããŸã¡ãããŠããŸã£ãããã§ãã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã«ãŒãã®5人ã®èº«é·ã¯ã145cm,156cm,149cm,141cm,152cm ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã®5人ã®èº«é·ã®å¹³åãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "å¹³å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®ã5幎çã®ããã®ç®æ°ããªã«ãã®æåãæŒããšã",
"title": "ç®æ°ããªã«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èŠãŠããããŒãžããç®æ°ããªã«ã®ãºãŒãžã«ãå€ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç®æ°ããªã«"
}
] | 5幎çã®ç®æ°ã§ã¯ãæŽæ°ãåæ°ã®èšç®ãååãªå³åœ¢ãå€è§åœ¢ãªã©ã«ã€ããŠåŠç¿ããŸãã |
5幎çã®ç®æ°ã§ã¯ãæŽæ°ãåæ°ã®èšç®ãååãªå³åœ¢ãå€è§åœ¢ãªã©ã«ã€ããŠåŠç¿ããŸãã
== æŽæ° ==
=== å¶æ°ãšå¥æ° ===
[[å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°/4åŠå¹Ž|4幎ç]]ãŸã§ã«ãæŽæ°ã®ããšã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãããã§ã¯ãæŽæ°ã«ã€ããŠãã£ãšæ·±ãåŠãã§ãããŸãããã
2ã§ããåããæŽæ°ãã'''{{ruby|å¶æ°|ãããã}}'''ããšããã2ã§ããåããªãæŽæ°ãã'''{{ruby|å¥æ°|ããã}}'''ããšãããŸãã
ããšãã°ã2ã6ã10ã50ãªã©ã¯å¶æ°ã§ã1ã5ã11ã51ãªã©ã¯å¥æ°ã§ã(0ã¯2ã§ããåãããšèããããã®ã§ãå¶æ°ã§ã)ã
ãªããäžã®äœã®æ°ã
:0,2,4,6,8
ãªãã°ãã®æ°ã¯å¶æ°ã§ã
:1,3,5,7,9
ãªãã°ãã®æ°ã¯å¥æ°ã§ãã
* åé¡
:54,78,85,231ã¯å¶æ°ã§ãããå¥æ°ã§ããã
* çã
:äžã®äœã®æ°ã«æ³šç®ããŸãããã
:ããããã
::4,8,5,1
:ãªã®ã§ã
:
:çµæã¯ã
::54âŠå¶æ°
::78âŠå¶æ°
::85âŠå¥æ°
::231âŠå¥æ°
:ãšãªããŸãã
=== åæ°ãšçŽæ° ===
====åæ°====
ããæŽæ°ã«æŽæ°ããããŠã§ããæ°ããããæŽæ°ã®'''{{ruby|åæ°|ã°ããã}}'''ãšãããŸããããšãã°ã3ã®åæ°ã¯
:<math>
3 \times 1 = 3,
</math>
:<math>
3 \times 2 = 6,
</math>
:<math>
3 \times 3 = 9,
</math>
:<math>
3 \times 4 = 12,
</math>
:<math>
\cdots
</math>
ãªã©ããããŸã(0ã«ã€ããŠã¯èããŸãã)ãããæŽæ°ã®åæ°ã¯æ°ãåããŸããã
====çŽæ°====
ããæŽæ°ãããåãããšãã§ããæŽæ°ããããæŽæ°ã® '''{{ruby|çŽæ°|ãããã}}''' ãšãããŸãã
ããšãã°ã12ã®çŽæ°ã¯
:<math>
12 \div 1 = 12,
</math>
:<math>
12 \div 2 = 6,
</math>
:<math>
12 \div 3 = 4,
</math>
:<math>
12 \div 4 = 3,
</math>
:<math>
12 \div 6 = 2,
</math>
:<math>
12 \div 12 = 1,
</math>
ãšã§ããã®ã§1,2,3,4,6,12ã®6åãããŸããçŽæ°ã®{{ruby|å|ã}}æ°ã«ã¯ã{{ruby|é|ãã}}ãããããŸãã
{{ã³ã©ã |çŽæ°ã®èª¿ã¹æ¹|
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#ãŸãã¯ãç©ã12ãšãªã2ã€ã®æŽæ°ãæ¢ãæ¹æ³ã§èª¿ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸãããã
:ãã®ãããªãã®ã調ã¹ããš(1ãšã®ç©ã12ã«ãªãæŽæ°ã2ãšã®ç©ã12ã«ãªãæŽæ°ãâŠãšèª¿ã¹ãããšãã§ããŸã)ã
:1ãš12ã
:2ãš6,
:3ãš4
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:ããããã12ã®çŽæ°ã¯ 1,2,3,4,6,12 ã§ããããšãããããŸãã
:(å®éã«ã¯ã4以äžãšã®æŽæ°ãšã®ç©ã調ã¹ãå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸãããäžåºŠåºãŠããŸãããã®ããã«ãäžåºŠåºãæŽæ°ã{{ruby|å|ãµãã}}ã³{{ruby|çŸ|ããã}}ããã{{ruby|çµäº|ãã
ãããã}}ãšãªããŸãã
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=== å
¬åæ°ãšå
¬çŽæ° ===
2ã€ã®æŽæ°ã«å
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:ããšãã°ã12ãš16ã®åæ°ãæžãåºããšã
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 12ã®åæ° || 12 || 24 || 36 || '''48''' || 60 || 72 || 84 || '''96''' || 108 || 120 || 132 || '''144''' ||156
|-
| 16ã®åæ° || 16 || 32 || '''48''' || 64 || 80 || '''96''' || 120 || '''144''' || 160 || 176 || âŠ
|}
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¬åæ°ã¯ 48,96,144âŠãšãªããŸãã12ãš16ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 48 ãšãªããŸãã
:ãŸãã3ã€ã®æ° 4ãš6ãš9 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 4ã®åæ° || 4 || 8 || 12 || 16 || 20 || 24 || 28 || 32 || '''36''' || 40 || 44 || 48
|-
| 6ã®åæ° || 6 || 12 || 18 || 24 || 30 || '''36''' || 42 || 48 || 54 || 60 || 66 || 72
|-
| 9ã®åæ° || 9 || 18 || 27 || '''36''' || 45 || 54 || 63 || 72 || 81 || 90 || 99 || 108
|}
:ãšãªãã®ã§ã4ãš6ãš9ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯36ãšãªããŸãã
:ãªãã4ãš6ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯12ãªã®ã§ã12ã®åæ°ãš9ã®åæ°ã§èããããšãã§ããŸã(åãããã«ã6ãš9ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã§ãã18ã®åæ°ãš4ã®åæ°ãçšããŠèããããªã©ã®æ¹æ³ããããŸãããã®ããã«ãæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ãããããã®æŽæ°ã®åæ°ãæžãåºããŠèããããšãã§ããŸãã
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:ããšãã°ã12ãš16ã®å
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 12ã®çŽæ° || 12 || 6 || '''4''' || 3 || '''2''' || '''1'''
|-
| 16ã®åæ° || 16 || 8 || '''4''' || '''2''' || '''1''' ||
|}
:ãšãªãã®ã§ã12ãš16ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 1,2,4ãšãªããŸãã12ãš16ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 4 ãšãªããŸãã
== åŒãšèšç® ==
=== æŽæ°ãšå°æ°ã®ããã¿ ===
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:10åãããš538.5ã
:100åãããš5385ã
:1000åãããš53850 ãšãå°æ°ç¹ã{{ruby|移|ãã€}}ã£ãŠãããŸãã
:ãã®ããã«ãããæ°ã10åã100åã1000åâŠã«ãããšãå°æ°ç¹ãå³ã«1ããã2ããã3ããâŠãã€ãããŠãããŸãã
ãŸãã{{ruby|æ±äº¬|ãšãããã}}éœãã{{ruby|倧éª|ãããã}}åºãèµ°ã£ãŠãã{{ruby|æ±æµ·éæ°å¹¹ç·|ãšãããã©ããããããã}}ã®è·¯ç·ãããã¯515.4kmã§ãããã®515.4ãšããæ°ã«ã€ããŠèããŸãããã[[File:Shinkansen N700 z15.jpg|200px|thumb|æ±æµ·éæ°å¹¹ç·]]
:<math>\frac{1}{10}</math>ã«ãããš51.54ã
:<math>\frac{1}{10}</math>ã«ãããš5.154ã
:<math>\frac{1}{10}</math>ã«ãããš0.5154ããšãå°æ°ç¹ã{{ruby|移|ãã€}}ã£ãŠãããŸãã
:ãã®ããã«ãããæ°ã<math>\frac{1}{10},\frac{1}{100},\frac{1}{1000}</math>ã«ãããšãå°æ°ç¹ãå·Šã«1ããã2ããã3ããâŠãã€ãããŠãããŸãã
=== å°æ°ã®ããç®ãããç® ===
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==== æŽæ°ã®ããç®ãããç®ã®æå³ ====
==== å°æ°ã®ããç®ãããç®ã®æå³ ====
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=== å°æ°ã®ããç®ãããç®ã®èšç®===
==== å°æ° Ã å°æ° ====
次ã®ããç®ã®åé¡ã解ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
* 1mã®éãã2.3kgã®ãã€ãããããŸãããã®ãã€ãã2.8mãã£ããéãã¯äœkgã§ããã
åŒã¯ <math>2.3 \times 2.8</math> ãšãªããŸãã
èšç®ã®ããããèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãã€ãã®éãã23kgãš10åã«ãããšãæ±ããéãã10åã«ãªããŸãã
ãã€ãã®é·ãã10åã«ãªããšãæ±ããéãã10åã«ãªããŸãã
*1mã®éãã23kgã®ãã€ã28mã®éã㯠<math>23 \times 28 =644</math>
1mã®éãã2.3kgã®ãã€ã2.8mã®éããåºãã«ã¯ããã®ç©ã<math>\frac{1}{100}</math> ã«ããã°ããã®ã§
<math>2.3 \times 2.8 = 23 \times 28 \div 100 = 6.44</math>
ãããã£ãŠã '''<math>2.3 \times 2.8 = 6.44</math>''' ãšãªããŸããçãã¯6.44kgã§ãã
==== å°æ° ÷ å°æ° ====
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éã®ãŒã1mã®éãã¯<math>(7.8 \times 10) \div (6.5 \times 10) = 78 \div 65 =1.2</math>
ãããã£ãŠã '''<math>7.8 \div 6.5 = 1.2</math>''' ãšãªããŸããçãã¯1.2kgã§ãã
=== çŽå ===
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<math>\frac{2}{3}</math>ãš<math>\frac{4}{6}</math>ãš<math>\frac{6}{9}</math>ãåã倧ããã§ããããšããããã§ããããã§ãããã<math>\frac{4}{6}</math>ã<math>\frac{6}{9}</math>ã¯<math>\frac{2}{3}</math>ã«ãªãããŸããã
'''ããåæ°ã®ååãšåæ¯ã«ãåãæ°ããããããã£ããããŠãåæ°ã®å€§ããã¯å€ãããŸããã'''ããã䜿ã£ãŠãåæ°ããåæ¯ãšååãã§ããã ãå°ããåæ°ã«ã倧ãããå€ããªãã§ãªããããšã '''{{ruby|çŽå|ããã¶ã}}ãã''' ãšãããŸãã
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¬çŽæ°ã¯2ãªã®ã§ã
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\frac{4}{6} = \frac{4 \div 2}{6 \div 2} = \frac{2}{3}
</math>
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=== éå ===
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& = 60 \times 9\\
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98 \times 27 & = ( 100 - 2 ) \times 27 \\
& = 100 \times 27 - 2 \times 27\\
& = 2700 - 54\\
& = 2646\\
\end{align}
</math>
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& = 8+100 \\
& = 108\\
\end{align}
</math>
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36 \times 25 = 9 \times (4 \times 25) \\
& = 9 \times 100 \\
& = 900 \\
\end{align}
</math>
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<!-- (75+87+50+38+68+84+74+78)8 =69.25 -->
ãŸããã10人ããã¯ã©ãã®åã¡ã³ããŒã®äœéããã€ãã®ãããªãšãã
* ããŒã¿1
<table border="1">
<tr align="center">
<th>çªå·</th>
<td colspan="2">1</td>
<td colspan="2">2</td>
<td colspan="2">3</td>
<td colspan="2">4</td>
<td colspan="2">5</td>
<td colspan="2">6</td>
<td colspan="2">7</td>
<td colspan="2">8</td>
<td colspan="2">9</td>
<td colspan="2">10</td>
</tr>
<th>äœéïŒkgïŒ</th>
<td colspan="2">60.3</td>
<td colspan="2">57.9</td>
<td colspan="2">65.4</td>
<td colspan="2">56.1</td>
<td colspan="2">53.6</td>
<td colspan="2">62.7</td>
<td colspan="2">70.0</td>
<td colspan="2">55.8</td>
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(60.3+57.9+65.4+56.1+53.6+62.7+70.0+55.8+67.1+63.1) \div 10 = 61.2 (kg)
</math>
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=== å¹³åã®æ±ãæ¹ã®ããµã ===
ããã°ã«ãŒãã®5人ã®èº«é·ã¯ã145cm,156cm,149cm,141cm,152cm ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã®5人ã®èº«é·ã®å¹³åãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
:ãµã€ãã«èšç®ãããš <math>(145+156+149+141+152) \div 5 = 148.6(cm)</math>ãšãªããŸããããããèšç®ããã®ã¯å°ã倧å€ã§ãã
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:ãŸããäžçªèº«é·ã®äœã人ã®èº«é·ã¯ã141cmã§ããããã§ãã5人ã®èº«é·ãš141cmã®å·®ãã®å¹³åãæ±ããŠãããã«141ããã ãšããæ¹æ³ã§å¹³åãæ±ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
:ãŸããã5人ã®èº«é·ãš141cmã®å·®ãã®å¹³å㯠<math>(4+15+8+0+11) \div 5 = 7.6(cm)</math>ãšãªããŸãã
:ããã«141ããããš 7.6+141=148.6 ãšãªããããã§ãå¹³åãæ±ããããŸãã
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[[Category:å°åŠæ ¡ç®æ°|5ãããã]] | 2005-08-04T05:44:03Z | 2023-10-24T15:50:16Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Ruby",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ã³ã©ã ",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Clear"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0/5%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4 |
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"text": "åã«åŒåãšããå Žåãå€ãã ç©äœã倧ããã»ã©ãåŒãå¯ãããåã倧ãããªããç§ãã¡ãå°äžã§æããäžæ¹åãžã®åŒåã¯ãå°çã«ãã£ãŠåŒãå¯ããããåŒåã§ããã",
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šç£åãšãããåè§ãšäŒè§ãšå
šç£åãå®ãŸãã°å°ç£æ°ã®æ§åããããããããã£ãŠããã3ã€ãå°ç£æ°ã®3èŠçŽ ãšããã (泚) åè§ãšäŒè§ãšå
šç£åã®çµåãã ãã,å°ç£æ°ã®äžèŠçŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã åè§ã¯ä»ã®èŠçŽ ã§è¡šãããšãã§ããªãããã«,å¿
ãäžèŠçŽ ã®äžã€ã«å«ããã,ä»ã¯,äŒè§ãšå
šç£å,äŒè§ãšæ°Žå¹³åå(æ°Žå¹³ç£å)ã§ãæ§ããªãã",
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"title": "å°çã®åœ¢ãšæ§é "
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éšã¯é«æž©ã§ã枩床ã®äœãå°è¡šã«åãã£ãŠç±ãäŒããããããã®ç±éãå°æ®»ç±æµéãšããããã®å¹³åçãªå€ã¯ã 6.9 à 10 â 2 [ W / m 2 ] {\\displaystyle 6.9\\times 10^{-2}[W/m^{2}]} ã§ããã",
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"title": "å°çã®åœ¢ãšæ§é "
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éšãäŒãã£ãŠããããããå°éæ³¢ãšãããç Žå£ãæåã«çãããšãããéæºãéæºã®çäžã®å°è¡šã®å°ç¹ãé倮ãšããã",
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ãçš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠå€åãããç©è³ªã®çš®é¡ãç¶æ
ãå€ãããšå°éæ³¢ã®éããå€ãããå±æãåå°ãèµ·ãããããã«ãå°éæ³¢ã®äŒããæ¹ã解æããããšã«ãã£ãŠãå°çå
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ãæšå®ã§ããã å³1ã®äžäºã€ã¯è¡šé¢æ³¢ã®äŒããæ¹ã瀺ããŠããã",
"title": "å°éãšå°çå
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"tag": "p",
"text": "",
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"text": "éæºãã芳枬å°ç¹ãŸã§äŒãããŸã§ã«èŠããæéãèµ°æ(ããã)ãšåŒã³ãéæºãã芳枬å°ç¹ãŸã§ã®è·é¢ãšèµ°æã®é¢ä¿ãšãè¡šããã°ã©ãã®ããšãèµ°ææ²ç·(ãããããããã)ãšåŒã¶ã瞊軞ã«èµ°æããšãã暪軞ã«å芳枬ç¹ã®é倮è·é¢ããšã£ãæã«æãããæ²ç·ã§ãããå°éæ³¢ã¯éåžžãäžå®ã®é床ã§äŒãããããèµ°ææ²ç·ã¯ã»ãŒçŽç·ã«ãªãã¯ãã§ãããããããã¯ãã¢ãã¢ã®å°éåŠè
ã§ããã¢ã³ããªã¢ã»ã¢ããããããã¯ãèµ°ææ²ç·ã¯çŽç·ã«ã¯ãªããã«ã©ããã§æãæ²ãããšããæ³åãçºèŠãããã¢ããããããã¯ã1909幎ã«ã¯ãæžè°·ã§çºçããå°éã®èµ°ææ²ç·ãããããã€ãã®å°éæ³¢ã¯ä»ã®æ³¢ããéãäŒãã£ãŠããããšã«æ°ã¥ãããã®äºå®ãPæ³¢ã®é床ãæ¥ã«å€ããäžé£ç¶é¢ã«ãã£ãŠè§£èª¬ããã¢ããããããäžé£ç¶é¢ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ããå°äž30kmãã60kmã®éã«ã¢ããããããäžé£ç¶é¢ããããããæµ
çºå°éã®å Žåãé倮è·é¢150~300kmçšåºŠã®éžå°ã§æãæ²ãããã¢ããããããäžé£ç¶é¢ããäžãå°æ®»ãšãããäžããã³ãã«ãšããã",
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ã®é åã«ã¯Sæ³¢ãäŒãããªãããã®é åãSæ³¢ã®ã·ã£ããŒãŸãŒã³ãšèšãããŸãé倮è·é¢103°ãã143°ã«ã¯Pæ³¢ãçŽæ¥äŒãããªãããããPæ³¢ã®ã·ã£ããŒãŸãŒã³ãšãããæ·±ã2900kmãããæ·±éšã¯æ¶²äœãšãªã£ãŠããããã§ããããããæ·±éšãæ žãšãããæ žã¯æ·±ã5100kmãŸã§ã液äœã®å€æ ž,ãããããæ·±éšãå
æ žãšãããå
æ žã¯åºäœã§ããã ãã°ããªãŒã·ã£ã³ããåé¢ããéãå°çäžå¿éšã«æ žã圢æããã,æ代ãçµãã«ã€ããŠå·ã,éãåºäœãšãªã£ãŠäžå¿éšã«æ²ã¿,å
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žåã±ã€çŽ SiO2 ã§ããã(ç²æ§(ãããã)ãšã¯ããã®ç©è³ªã® ç²ãããã(ãã°ãããã) ã®ããšã)",
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"text": "倪éœãå¯äžã®ææã§ãäžå¿éšã§æ žèååå¿ãèµ·ãããŠç±ãšå
ã絶ããæŸåºããŠããã çŸåšã¯å¯¿åœã®äžéã«ãããããš50å幎ããã°äžå¿éšã®æ°ŽçŽ ã䜿ãæããèµ€è²å·šæã«ãªããšèããããŠããã 詳ããã¯å€ªéœã®é
ç®ãåç
§ã",
"title": "倪éœç³»ã®ææ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææã¯å€ªéœã®åšããå
¬è»¢ãã倪éœã®å
ãåå°ããŠå
ã£ãŠãããè¿ãã«ããèªèº«ãšåãããã倧ããªå€©äœããªããã®ã§ããã æ°ŽæããåæãŸã§ã®ææã¯ææãã§ããããã«ã¯ç¥ãããŠãããšãããŠããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»ã®ææ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææã¯å€§ããåããŠå°çåææ(岩ç³ææ:æ°Žæãéæãå°çãç«æ)ãæšæåææ(ã¬ã¹ææ:æšæãåæ)ã倩çæåææ(æ°·ææ:倩çæãæµ·çæ)ã®3ã€ã«åé¡ã§ããã倩çæåææã¯æšæåææã«å«ããããšãããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»ã®ææ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«å€ªéœããè¿ãé ã«äžŠã¹ãäž»ãªç¹åŸŽã瀺ããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»ã®ææ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æºææã¯ã倪éœã®åšããå
¬è»¢ããŠããææ以å€ã®å€©äœã®äžã§ãç¹ã«å€§ããªãã®ã§ããã 2019幎çŸåšãæºææãšåŒã°ããŠãã倩äœã¯5åååšããããã®ãã¡ãã±ã¬ã¹ä»¥å€ã¯å¥çæå倩äœãšãåŒã°ããã",
"title": "æºææ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœã¯ã倪éœã®åšããå
¬è»¢ããŠããææã»æºææ以å€ã®å€©äœã§ãããããã«ã¯å°ææãåœæãªã©ãå«ãŸããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžãå°ææãšããã®ã¯ç«æãšæšæã®éãå
¬è»¢ããã¡ã€ã³ãã«ãã«ãã倩äœã®ããšãæãã ãã®ã»ããæšæã®åœ±é¿ãããªãåããããã€çŸ€å°ææ(å
¬è»¢åšæçŽ12幎)ãå°çã«ããªãè¿ã¥ãããšãããå°çè¿åå°ææãããã ãã©ã¹(çŽåŸçŽ520km)ããã¹ã¿(çŽåŸçŽ460km)ãªã©å·šå€§ãªç©ãè€æ°ååšããããæ®ã©ã®å°ææã¯çŽåŸã100km以äžã®å°ããªãã®ã§ãããå€ãã®å°ææã®äž»ã«å²©ç³ããæãã",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "20äžçŽæ«ä»¥éã倪éœç³»å€çžå€©äœãšåŒã°ãã巚倧ãªæ°·ã®å€©äœãæµ·çæ以é ã§ç¶ã
ãšèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã çºèŠããå§ããé ã¯ããå°ããç©ãå€ãã£ããã2000幎代ããã¯ã¯ãªã¢ãŒãã»ãããªã©ã®çŽåŸ1,000kmãè¶
ãããã®ãç¶ã
ãšèŠã€ããã2005幎ã«ã¯å¥çæãã倧ããªãšãªã¹ãŸã§çºèŠãããŠããã 倪éœç³»å€çžå€©äœã®ãã¡ã§ç¹ã«å€§ããªãã®ãå¥çæå倩äœãšåŒã°ããæºææã§ããããå¥çæå倩äœä»¥å€ã®å€ªéœç³»å€çžå€©äœã¯å€ªéœç³»å°å€©äœã§ããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倪éœç³»å€çžå€©äœãããããããå Žæãã«ã€ããŒãã«ããæ£ä¹±åç€ãšããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åœæã¯äž»æåãæ°Žãªã©ã®æ°·ãšå°éã®å²©ç³ã§ã倪éœã«è¿ã¥ããšã¬ã¹ãæ°Žãªã©ã®æ°·ãæ°åããŠã³ããã€ãããå°ŸãåŒãã åœæã¯ãšã³ã±åœæãªã©ã®æ°å¹Žã®åšæã®åœæããã¬ãŒåœæã®ãããªæ°å幎ãæ°çŸå¹Žã®åšæãæã¡ãããªãã€ã¶ããæ¥åè»éãæããã®ãªã©ãäžã«ã¯äºåºŠãšæ»ã£ãŠããªãåœæãªã©ãæ§ã
ãªç©ããããåœæã®èµ·æºã¯ã«ã€ããŒãã«ãããªãŒã«ãã®é²ãšãããŠããã",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "倪éœç³»å°å€©äœ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡æã¯ãææãæºææãå°ææã®åšããå
¬è»¢ãã倩äœã§ããã æšæåææã倩çæåææã¯å€ãã®è¡æãåŸããŠããããå°çåææãæºææãå°ææã¯1~3åãããªãããŸãã¯å
šããªãã ãŸããæšæåææã倩çæåææã«ã¯ç°ãæã£ãŠãããããã¯å°ããªè¡æãå£ããããè¡æã«éç³ãã¶ã€ãã£ãæã«ã§ããããããéãŸã£ããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°çã§å¯äžã倩ç¶ã®è¡æã§ããæã¯ãçŽåŸã3,475kmãããã倪éœç³»ã®äžã§ã倧ããªè¡æã§ããããŸããææã«æ¯ã¹ãŠçŽåŸã4åã®1ããããéåžžã«å€§ããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç«æã®è¡æã¯ããããçŽåŸåæ° - äºåæ°kmãšå°ãããæç²ãããå°ææãšèããããŠããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æšæã«ã¯4ã€ã®å€§ããªã¬ãªã¬ãªè¡æã®ã»ããå°ããªè¡æãå€æ°ããã 2019幎10ææç¹ã§æšæã¯å€ªéœç³»ã§2çªç®ã«å€ãã®è¡æ(79å)ã確èªãããŠããã ããã§ã¯ã¬ãªã¬ãªè¡æãšåŒã°ãã4ã€ã®è¡æã®ã¿ãæããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æšæã®å°ããªè¡æäžèŠ§",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæã¯ã2019幎10æçŸåšã82åã®è¡æãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã æ倧ã®è¡æã¿ã€ã¿ã³ã¯ã倪éœç³»ã§å¯äžãæ¿ã倧æ°ãæã£ãŠãã ããã§ã¯äž»ãªåæã®è¡æãåæããè¿ãé ã«äžŠã¹ãŠããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæã®å°ããªè¡æäžèŠ§",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倩çæã¯2019幎10æçŸåšã27åã®è¡æãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倩çæã®å°ããªè¡æäžèŠ§",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æµ·çæã¯2019幎10æçŸåšã14åã®è¡æãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æµ·çæã®å°ããªè¡æäžèŠ§",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¥çæã®è¡æ",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠã¡ã¢ã®è¡æ",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªã¹ã®è¡æ",
"title": "è¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡æãæã€æºææãšå°ææäžèŠ§",
"title": "è¡æ"
}
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2,725 | Lisp | LISPã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®äžã€ã§ããLISP ãšããååã¯ãªã¹ãåŠçãæå³ããè±èªã®ãlist processingããšããèªã«ç±æ¥ããŸãã
LISPã«ã¯ Common Lisp, Scheme, Emacs Lisp ãªã©ãããã€ãã®åŠçç³»ãååšããŸãããããã§ã¯äŸ¿å®äž Common Lisp ãæ±ãããšãšããŸãã
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lisp}}
[[Category:Lisp|*]]
[[Category:ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª]]
{{NDC|007.64}}
[[fr:LispWorks CAPI]] | null | 2022-07-07T07:50:29Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Lang",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Code:Green"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lisp |
2,729 | åçç©çåŠå
¬åŒé | 以äžã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®ç©çåŠæè²ã«ãããŠå€§åŠå
¥åŠçšåºŠã®æ°ŽæºãŸã§ã§çšãããããäž»ãªå
¬åŒããžã£ã³ã«ããšã«åããŠèšããŠããã
m a = F {\displaystyle ma=F}
以äžãçæ³æ°äœã®å Žåãæ³å®ããã
ç±éãšç±æ©é¢
ã³ã³ãã³ãµ
ã³ã€ã«
亀æµåè·¯ | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®ç©çåŠæè²ã«ãããŠå€§åŠå
¥åŠçšåºŠã®æ°ŽæºãŸã§ã§çšãããããäž»ãªå
¬åŒããžã£ã³ã«ããšã«åããŠèšããŠããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m a = F {\\displaystyle ma=F}",
"title": "å€å
žååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãçæ³æ°äœã®å Žåãæ³å®ããã",
"title": "ç±ååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç±éãšç±æ©é¢",
"title": "ç±ååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ãã³ãµ",
"title": "é»æ°åè·¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã€ã«",
"title": "é»æ°åè·¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "亀æµåè·¯",
"title": "é»æ°åè·¯"
}
] | 以äžã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®ç©çåŠæè²ã«ãããŠå€§åŠå
¥åŠçšåºŠã®æ°ŽæºãŸã§ã§çšãããããäž»ãªå
¬åŒããžã£ã³ã«ããšã«åããŠèšããŠããã | 以äžã«ãæ¥æ¬ã®ç©çåŠæè²ã«ãããŠå€§åŠå
¥åŠçšåºŠã®æ°ŽæºãŸã§ã§çšãããããäž»ãªå
¬åŒããžã£ã³ã«ããšã«åããŠèšããŠããã
== å€å
žååŠ ==
=== é床ã»å é床 ===
* é床
** è·é¢ ''x'' (m) ãçµéæé ''t'' (s) ã§çéçŽç·éåããç©äœã®éã ''v'' (m/s)
*:<math>v=\frac{x}{t}</math>
** æå» ''t'' (s) ã«ãããå€äœ ''x'' (m) ã®ç©äœã®å¹³åã®éã <math>\bar{v}</math> (m/s)
*:<math>\bar{v}={\Delta x \over \Delta t}={{x_2 - x_1}\over{t_2 - t_1}}</math>
** æå» ''t'' (s) ã«ãããå€äœ ''x'' (m) ã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®éã <math>v</math> (m/s)
*:<math>v=\frac{dx}{dt}=\lim_{\Delta t \to 0}{\Delta x \over \Delta t}=\lim_{t_2 \to t_1}{{x_2 - x_1}\over{t_2 - t_1}}</math>
* å é床
** çµéæé <math>\Delta t</math> (s) ã®éã®é床ã®å€å <math>\Delta v</math> (m/s) ã®ç©äœã®å¹³åã®å é床 <math>\bar{a}</math> (m/s<sup>2</sup>)
*:<math>\bar{a}={\Delta v \over \Delta t}={{v_2 - v_1}\over{t_2 - t_1}}</math>
** çµéæé <math>\Delta t</math> (s) ã®éã®é床ã®å€å <math>\Delta v</math> (m/s) ã®ç©äœã®ç¬éã®å é床 <math>a</math> (m/s<sup>2</sup>)
*:<math>a=\frac{dv}{dt}=\lim_{\Delta t \to 0}{\Delta v \over \Delta t}=\lim_{t_2 \to t_1}{{v_2 - v_1}\over{t_2 - t_1}}</math>
* çå é床çŽç·éå
** äžå®ã®å é床 ''a'' (m/s<sup>2</sup>) ã§å éããåé床 ''v''<sub>0</sub> (m/s) ã®ç©äœã®æå» ''t'' (s) ã«ãããé床 ''v'' (m/s) ãšå€äœ ''x'' (m)
<!--ãåæäœçœ®ã®è¿œå ãå¿
èŠã
#*<math>x={1 \over 2}at^2+v_0t+x_0</math> -->
*:<math>v=v_0+at</math>
*:<math>x=v_0t+{1 \over 2}at^2</math>
*:<math>v^2-v_0^2=2ax</math>
=== éåæ¹çšåŒ ===
<math>ma=F</math>
=== æ©æŠå ===
* éæ¢æ©æŠä¿æ° <math>\mu</math>ãåçŽæå ''N'' ã®ç©äœã«ã¯ãããæ倧éæ¢æ©æŠå ''F''<sub>max</sub>
:<math>F_\mathbf{max}=\mu N</math>
* åæ©æŠä¿æ° <math>\mu'</math>ãåçŽæå ''N'' ã®ç©äœã«ã¯ãããåæ©æŠå <math>F'</math>
:<math>F'=\mu'N</math>
* æ©æŠè§ <math>\theta</math> ã®ãšãã®éæ¢æ©æŠä¿æ° <math>\mu</math>
:<math>\mu=\tan\theta</math>
=== ã³ãªãªãªã®å ===
* é床 <math>\vec{v}</math>ãè§é床 <math>\omega</math> ã§å転éåãã質é ''m'' ã®ç©äœã«ã¯ãããã³ãªãªãªã®å <math>\vec{F}</math>
:<math>\vec{F} = 2m\vec{v}\omega</math>
=== ã±ãã©ãŒã®æ³å ===
* ææã®å
¬è»¢åšæ ''T''ãé·ååŸ ''a''
:<math>T^2=ka^3 \Leftrightarrow {T^2 \over a^3}=k</math>
=== äžæåŒåã®æ³å ===
* 質é ''M'', ''m''ãè·é¢ ''r'' ã®ç©äœéã«ã¯ãããäžæåŒå ''F''
:<math>F=G\frac{Mm}{r^2}</math>ïŒ''G'' ã¯äžæåŒåå®æ°ïŒ
* éåå Ž
:<math>\left\{\begin{matrix}g&=&G{m \over r^2} \\ F&=&mg\end{matrix}\right.</math>
* éå質éãšæ
£æ§è³ªéã®ç䟡æ§
:<math>\bold{}a=g</math>
* èœäž
:<math>\left\{\begin{matrix} x&=&v_{x0}t+x_0 \\ y&=&{1 \over 2}gt^2+v_{y0}t+y_0 \end{matrix}\right.</math>
:<math>\bold{}v=gt+v_0</math>
* äœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ
:<math>\bold{}E_\phi=-GMm/r</math>
=== çéåéå ===
#*<math>\left\{\begin{matrix} x=r \cos \omega t \\ y=r \sin \omega t \end{matrix}\right.</math>
#*<math>\bold{}v=r\omega</math>
#*<math>\bold{}a=r\omega^2</math>
#*<math>T={2\pi \over \omega}</math>ïŒåšæïŒ
#*<math>\bold{}F=-kx</math>ïŒããã®åïŒ
#*<math>E={1 \over 2}kx^2</math>ïŒããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒ
#*<math>\omega=\sqrt{k \over m}</math>ïŒåæ¯åã®è§é床ïŒã
#*<math>\omega \simeq \sqrt{g \over l}</math>ïŒåæ¯ãåã®è§é床ïŒ
* è§é床 <math>\omega</math> ã§å転éåãã質é ''m'' ã®ç©äœãå転ã®äžå¿ãã <math>\vec{r}</math> ã®äœçœ®ã«ãããšãã®é å¿å <math>\vec{F}</math>
:<math>\vec{F} = m\vec{r}\omega^2</math>
=== ååŠçä¿åé ===
#*<math>\bold{}p=mv=ft</math>ïŒ[[åç©]]ïŒ
#*<math>\sum_i {m_iv_i \over dt}=0</math>ïŒéåéä¿åïŒ
#*<math>E_v={1 \over 2}mv^2</math>ïŒéåãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒ
#*<math>\sum_i {E_{vi}+E_{\phi i} \over dt}=0</math>ïŒ[[ååŠçãšãã«ã®ãŒä¿å]]ïŒ
#*<math>E=\vec{F}\cdot\vec{x}=\begin{vmatrix}F\end{vmatrix}\begin{vmatrix}x\end{vmatrix} \cos \theta</math>ïŒä»äºïŒ
#*<math>P={dE \over dt}</math>ïŒä»äºçãã¯ããïŒ
== ç±ååŠ ==
=== ç±ååŠ ===
以äžãçæ³æ°äœã®å Žåãæ³å®ããã
* æ°äœã®å§å
:<math>P={F \over S}</math>
* æ°äœã®ä»äº
:<math>\bold{}E=P \Delta V</math>
* ã¢ãã¬ããæ°
:<math>N_0=6.02214076 \times 10^{23}</math>
* æ°äœã®ç¶æ
æ¹çšåŒ
:<math>\bold{}PV=nRT</math>
* ç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒ
:<math>U={3 \over 2}nRT</math>
* åå§ãšå
šå§ã®é¢ä¿åŒ
:<math>P=\sum_i P_i=\sum_i {n_iRT \over V}</math>
ç±éãšç±æ©é¢
* æ¯ç±
:<math>{dQ \over dT} = mc</math>
* æ°äœã®ã¢ã«æ¯ç±
:<math>{dQ \over ndT} = C</math>
* ç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒä¿å
:<math>\bold{}\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W</math>
* å®å§ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ãšå®ç©ã¢ã«æ¯ç±ã®å·®
:<math>\bold{}C_P-C_V=R</math>
* å€æç±éãšP-Vå³ã®é¢ç©
:<math>\Delta Q=\int\Delta P(V) dV</math>
* éããç³»ã®å
éšãšãã«ã®ãŒå€å
:<math>\Delta U=\delta Q - \delta W</math>ïŒç±ååŠç¬¬äžæ³åïŒ
== æ³¢åååŠ ==
* 暪波: æ¯åæ¹åãšé²è¡æ¹åãçŽäº€
* 瞊波: æ¯åæ¹åãšé²è¡æ¹åãåã
* 波圢ã®å
¬åŒ
:<math>\bold{}y=A \sin (\omega t - kx)</math>
* æ¯åæ°ã ''f'' (Hz)ãåšæã ''T'' (s) ãšãããš:
:<math>f={1 \over T}</math>
* æ¯åæ° ''f'' (Hz)ãæ³¢é· λ (m) ã®ãšãã®æ³¢ã®éã ''v'' (m/s)
:<math>v=f\lambda={\lambda \over T}</math>
* å¹²æžã«ãã匷ãåã
:<math>|l_1 - l_2| = m\lambda</math>
* å¹²æžã«ãã匱ãåã
:<math>|l_1 - l_2| = \left(m + {1 \over 2}\right)\lambda</math>
* å
¥å°è§ã ''i'' (rad)ãå
¥å°æ³¢ã®éããšæ³¢é·ã ''v<sub>i</sub>'' (m/s)ã''λ<sub>i</sub>'' (m)ãå±æè§ã ''r'' (rad)ãå±ææ³¢ã®éããšæ³¢é·ã ''v<sub>r</sub>'' (m/s)ã''λ<sub>r</sub>'' (m) ãšãããšãã®å±æç ''n''
:<math>\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}=\frac{v_i}{v_r}=\frac{\lambda_i}{\lambda_r}=n</math>ïŒã¹ãã«ã®æ³åãå±æã®æ³åïŒ
* æ³¢ã®éã ''V'' (m/s)ã芳枬è
ã®éã ''v<sub>o</sub>'' (m/s) (è¿ã¥ããšãæ£)ãé³æºã®éã ''v<sub>s</sub>'' (m/s) (è¿ã¥ããšãæ£)ãå
ã®åšæ³¢æ° ''f'' (Hz) ãšãããšãã«èŠ³æž¬ãããåšæ³¢æ° ''f' '' (Hz)
:<math>f'=\frac{V-v_o}{V-v_s}f</math>
=== é³ã®å Žå ===
* ããªãæ¯åæ°
:<math>f=\begin{vmatrix}f_1-f_2\end{vmatrix}</math>
* 匊ãäž¡éãäž¡éæ°æ±ã®æ¯å
:<math>\lambda_n={2l \over n}</math>
* çéæ°æ±ã®æ¯å
:<math>\lambda_n={4l \over 2n-1}</math>
* 匊ã®æ¯ååšæ³¢æ°
:<math>f \propto \sqrt{F \over \rho}</math>
=== å
ã®å Žå ===
<!-- å±æçã¯æ³¢é·ã«ãã£ãŠå€åããã暪波ã®ããåå
ãååšãã-->
* ç空äžã®å
éïŒå®çŸ©å€ïŒ
:<math>c= 299\,792\,458\,\rm{m/s} \approx 3 \times 10^8\,\rm{m/s}</math>
* 絶察å±æç
:<math>n={c \over v}</math>
* å
šåå°ã®æ¡ä»¶
:<math>\bold{}\sin \theta > n_{12}</math>
* 匷ãããåææ¡ä»¶(æ³¢é·ãºã¬ãªã)
:<math>\bold{}d \sin \theta = m\lambda</math>
* 匱ãããåææ¡ä»¶(æ³¢é·ãºã¬ãªã)
#*<math>d \sin \theta = \left(m+{1 \over 2}\right)\lambda</math>
== é»æ°åè·¯ ==
* é»æµã®åŒ·ã ''I'' (A)ãé»å§ ''V'' (V)ãæµæ ''R'' (Ω)
*:<math>I={V \over R} \Leftrightarrow V=RI \Leftrightarrow R={V \over I}</math>ïŒãªãŒã ã®æ³åïŒ
<!-- *<math>\bold{}V=IR</math>ïŒãªãŒã ã®æ³åïŒ -->
*<math>\left\{\begin{matrix}\sum_i I_i=0 \\ \sum_i V_i=0\end{matrix}\right.</math>ïŒãã«ããããã®æ³åïŒ
* é»æ°æµæ
*<math>R=\rho{l \over S}</math>ïŒåœ¢ç¶ãšæµæå€ïŒ
*<math>\bold{}R=\sum_i R_i</math>ïŒçŽåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>{1 \over R}=\sum_i {1 \over R_i}</math>ïŒäžŠåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>R_1R_4=R_2R_3 \Leftrightarrow {R_1 \over R_3}V={R_2 \over R_4}V</math>ïŒãã€ãŒãã¹ãã³ããªããžã®å¹³è¡¡æ¡ä»¶ïŒ
*<math>P=I^2R=VI={V^2 \over R}</math>ïŒæ¶è²»é»åïŒ
*<math>\bold{}E=Pt=VIt</math>ïŒãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æ³åïŒ
ã³ã³ãã³ãµ
*<math>\bold{}Q=CV</math>ïŒã³ã³ãã³ãµã®é»æ°å®¹éïŒ
*<math>W={1 \over 2}CV^2</math>(ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ)
*<math>C=\epsilon{S \over d}=\epsilon_0\epsilon_r{S \over d}</math>ïŒå¹³æ¿ã³ã³ãã³ãµã®å®¹éïŒ
*<math>{1 \over C}=\sum_i {1 \over C_i}</math>ïŒçŽåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>C=\sum_i C_i</math>ïŒäžŠåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>\bold{}P=0</math>ïŒã³ã³ãã³ãµã®æ¶è²»é»åïŒ
ã³ã€ã«
*<math>\bold{}L=\sum_i L_i</math>ïŒçŽåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>\bold{}{1 \over L}=\sum_i {1 \over L_i}</math>ïŒäžŠåæ¥ç¶ã®åæåïŒ
*<math>\bold{}P=0</math>ïŒã³ã€ã«ã®æ¶è²»é»åïŒ
亀æµåè·¯
*<math>\bold{}V(t)=V_{max} \sin \omega t</math>ïŒäº€æµæ³¢åœ¢ïŒ
*<math>V_e={1 \over \sqrt{2}} V_{max}</math>ïŒå®å¹é»å§ïŒ
*<math>I_e={1 \over \sqrt{2}} I_{max}</math>ïŒå®å¹é»æµïŒ
*<math>R_C={1 \over \omega C}</math>ïŒå®¹éãªã¢ã¯ã¿ã³ã¹ïŒ
*<math>\bold{}R_L=\omega L</math>ïŒèªå°ãªã¢ã¯ã¿ã³ã¹ïŒ
*<math>Z=\sqrt{R^2+\left(\omega L -{1 \over \omega C}\right)^2}</math>ïŒçŽååæã€ã³ããŒãã³ã¹ïŒ
*<math>\overline V = Z \overline I</math>
*<math>V_2={n_2 \over n_1}V_1</math>ïŒå€å§ãã©ã³ã¹ïŒ
*<math>I_2={n_1 \over n_2}I_1</math>
*<math>\omega = {1 \over \sqrt{LC}}</math>ïŒLCåè·¯ã®å
±æ¯æ¡ä»¶ïŒ
== é»ç£æ°åŠ ==
=== éé»æ°ã»é»ç ===
<!-- #[[é»è·]]ãš[[é»æµ]] #*é»è·ã«ã¯ + ãš - ããã -->
* é»æ°é ''q''<sub>1</sub> (C) ãš ''q''<sub>2</sub> (C) ã®ç¹é»è·éã®è·é¢ã ''r'' (m)ãèªé»çã ε (F/m) ãšãããšãã«åãéé»æ°å ''F'' (N)
*:<math>F=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}</math>ïŒã¯ãŒãã³ã®æ³åïŒ
<!-- *ã¯ãŒãã³ã®æ³å
:<math>F=k_0{q_1q_2 \over r^2}={1 \over 4\pi\epsilon_0}{q_1q_2 \over r^2}</math>
-->
* é»å Ž
:<math>\left\{\begin{matrix}E&=&k_0{q \over r^2} \\ F&=&qE\end{matrix}\right.</math>
* äžæ§ãªé»å Žã§çããé»äœ
:<math>\bold{}V=Ed</math>
* é»æ°çäœçœ®ãšãã«ã®ãŒ
:<math>\bold{}W_{\phi}=qV</math>
* é»æµãšé»è·ã®é¢ä¿
:<math>\bold{}Q=It</math>
=== ç£ç ===
<!-- *ç£æ¥µã«ã¯ N ãš S ããã -->
*<math>F=k'_0{m_1m_2 \over r^2}={1 \over 4\pi\mu_0}{m_1m_2 \over r^2}</math>ïŒç£æ°ã®ã¯ãŒãã³ã®æ³åïŒ
*<math>\left\{\begin{matrix}H&=&k_0{m \over r^2} \\ F&=&mH\end{matrix}\right.</math>ïŒç£å ŽïŒ
*<math>\vec{H}={\vec{I}\times\vec{r} \over 2\pi r}</math>ïŒç·é»æµã®äœãç£å ŽïŒ
*<math>H={I \over 2r}</math>ïŒåé»æµã®äœãç£å ŽïŒ
*<math>\bold{}B=\mu H=\mu_0\mu_r H</math>ïŒç£æå¯åºŠïŒ
*<math>\bold{}F=qvB \sin \theta</math>ïŒããŒã¬ã³ãåïŒ
*<math>\bold{}F=lIB \sin \theta</math>ïŒãã¬ãã³ã°ã®æ³åïŒ
=== é»ç£èªå° ===
*<math>\bold{}\Phi=BS</math>ïŒç£æïŒ
*<math>V=-n{d\Phi \over dt}</math>ïŒãã¡ã©ããŒã®æ³åïŒ
*<math>\bold{}V=lBv \sin \theta</math>ïŒèªå°èµ·é»åïŒ
== éåååŠ ==
* ãã©ã³ã¯å®æ° ''h''ãäœçœ®ã®äžç¢ºãã <math>\Delta x</math>ãéåéã®äžç¢ºãã <math>\Delta p</math>
:<math>\Delta x \Delta p \ge \frac{h}{4\pi}</math>ïŒäžç¢ºå®æ§åçïŒ
*<math>\bold{}E_0=mc^2</math>ïŒè³ªéãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒ
=== ååæ žç©çåŠ ===
*<math>\bold{}E=\ h \nu-W_0</math>ïŒå
é»å¹æïŒ
*<math>\bold{}E=\ h \nu</math>ïŒå
åã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒïŒ
*<math>p={h \over \lambda}={h\nu \over c}</math>ïŒå
åã®éåéïŒ
* <math>\lambda ={h \over p}={h \over mv }</math> ïŒãã»ããã€æ³¢é·ïŒ
*α厩å£: ããªãŠã æ žïŒéœå2ãäžæ§å2ïŒãæŸåº
*β<sup>−</sup>厩å£: äžæ§åãéœåãšé»åã«åŽ©å£ãé»åãæŸåº
*γ厩å£: ããããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒã®é«ãå
åãæŸåº
*æ žåè£: ååæ žãäºå以äžã®éšåã«å解ããšãã«ã®ãŒãæŸåº
*æ žèå: äºå軜ãååæ žãèåããšãã«ã®ãŒãæŸåº
[[Category:ç©çåŠ|ããããšããµã€ãããããããããã]] | 2005-08-19T04:09:15Z | 2024-03-08T01:48:55Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%86 |
2,744 | 被害è
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è«ã®åãåºãªããããæ°Žæãè«ã«ãªãããããããã",
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"text": "人éçèŠå°ããã®å»æ¢è«åæ§ãæçµçã«ã¯æ°Žæãè«ã«ãªãããå»æ¢ã«èžã¿åãããšããã«ã¯ææ
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è«ã«èšŽããèšèª¬ãæè¿ã§ã¯ããçŸè¡æ³ã¯è¢«å®³è
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"title": "æ»åå»æ¢è«"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸæç¹ã«ãããŠäžè«èª¿æ»ããããªããšããããåç¶è«ãå€æ°æŽŸãšãªããããããªãããããã¯æ»åå¶åºŠã®åŸå€±ã«ã€ããŠçæ¯ãªè°è«ãšããŠããªãããšãåå ã®ã²ãšã€ãšèããããããªããªãã°ãäžè¬ã®åœæ°ã«ãšã£ãŠãããšãã°ã被害è
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"title": "æ»åå»æ¢è«"
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"text": "æ¥æ¬æ³ã«ãããŠèªç±åã¯å€§ããæ²åœ¹ãšçŠé®ã«ãããããããã®éãã¯åŽåœ¹ã匷å¶ãåŠãã®éãã§ãããååã®åºæºãšããŠãæ²åœ¹ã¯é埳çã«éé£ãã¹ã眪ããããç Žå»æ¥çœªã«å¯Ÿããã§ãããçŠé®ã¯ããã§ãªã眪(éç Žå»æ¥çœª)ã«å¯Ÿãããã®ãšããã®ãåºæ¬çç念ã§ããã",
"title": "èªç±åçµ±äžè«"
},
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"text": "ããããªãããç Žå»æ¥çœªãããã§ãªããã®ç·åŒãã¯æ確ãšã¯ããããäžè¬ã«ãæ²åœ¹åã¯çŠé®ããšãšãã«å®ããããŠãã(å
乱眪ã«ã¯æ²åœ¹ã¯ãªã)ãããããéžæãããã¯è£å€å®ã«å§ããããŠãããåŸåãšããŠãé倱ç¯ã®åç¯ã¯çŠé®åãèšãæž¡ãããããšãå€ããããã®å Žåã§ãã£ãŠãå·è¡ç¶äºãã€ãã®ãéäŸã§ãããããšããã«çŠé®åã§ããå¿
ç¶æ§ã¯äžæã§ããã",
"title": "èªç±åçµ±äžè«"
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"text": "ãã®ããã«ãéç Žå»æ¥çœªãšãã£ãæŠå¿µãææ§ã§ãã(ç¯çœªã§ããã°ãéé埳çã§ããç Žå»æ¥ã§ãããšããã®ãç解ãããã)ããšãšãåŽåœ¹ã課ãããšãããããäžåèªãªããšã§ãããšã®èãæ¹ã¯åŽåã軜èŠãããã®ã§ããããããããããå®çã¯ãªããçŠé®åãå»æ¢ãæ²åœ¹åã®ã¿ã«ããããšããã®ãèªç±åçµ±äžè«ã§ããã",
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ããµããã ãã§æŽçã«åœ¹ã ã£ãŠããªããäŒæ¥ãåŽåœ¹ãå®äŸ¡ãªåŽååãšã¿ãªããŠå³çœ°åãããšããŠãããåäºæœèšã®ååšã瀟äŒåé¡ãå®æã«å眰ã§è§£æ±ºããããšãã颚朮ãè延ãããŠãããšãã£ãçç±ãã究極çã«åäºæœèšã®å»æ¢ãããã䞻匵ãã¢ã³ãžã§ã©ã»ãã€ãŽã£ã¹ã®ãç£çããžãã¹ããªã©ã",
"title": "åäºæœèšå»æ¢è«"
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ããŠä»ã®èªç¶äººãžåœ±é¿ãäžãããããã§ãè«ç¹ãšãããã®ã¯æ³äººãç¯çœªã®äž»äœããåŸãããšèšãããšã§ãããæ¥åžžçã«ããå人ãšããŠã¯åè¡æ¹æ£ãªäººããçµç¹ã®äžå¡ãšãªããšèŽè³ãè«åãšèšã£ã瀟äŒçééè¡çºãããçµç¹ã®è«çãã«ããè·åãšããŠè¡ã£ãŠããŸã£ãããäŒç€ŸãšããŠç¡çãªåŽåã匷ããçµæãäºæ
ãçºçããå Žåãªã©ãçµç¹ãç¯çœªçºçã®åå ãšãªã£ãŠãããšã¿ãããããšãå€ããç¹ã«ãæ£ç¯ãšããŠæ³å®ããããšã¯éåæãããããå
±ç¯(æåç¯ãå¹å©ç¯)ãšããŠã®ç¯çœªãžã®é¢äžæ§ãèå¯ããã°ãç¯çœªã®äž»äœãšããŠã®æ³äººãæ³åããããããã®ãããªãšãã«ãæ³äººèªäœãç¯çœªäž»äœãšããåäºçœ°ãé©çšããããšã®å¯åŠãåé¡ãšãªãã",
"title": "äž»äœè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¬ã®å€äŸã»é説ã¯äžè²«ããŠãããåŠå®ããããã®çç±ã¯ã(1)æ³äººã«ã¯è¡çºèœåããªãã(2)æ³äººã¯èªå·±æ±ºå®èœåãæããŠããããå«çç責任éé£ãã§ããªãã(3)å眰äœç³»ãèªç¶äººãåæãšããŠãã(èªç±åã課ãããšãã§ããªãç)ããšããããšã«ããããã ããç«æ³è«ãšããŠã¯å¥è«ãšããè±çšçœªçã®è¡æ¿åæ³ãçµæžåæ³ã®åéã§ãç¯çœªäž»äœã®åž°å±ããæ³äººã«çœ°åã課ãããš(䞡眰èŠå®)ãåäºæ¿çäžã¯æå¹ãšããŠããã",
"title": "äž»äœè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¹ãè±ç±³æ³ã«å£ã£ãŠãç¯çœªã®çš®é¡ã«ããããããæ³äººã«ç¯çœªèœåãèªããçµç¹çãªé¢äžãããã°ãåœè©²æ³äººã«å¯ŸããŠå眰ã課ããããšã®èŠè§£ãæåã§ããã",
"title": "äž»äœè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡眰èŠå®ã«ããã責任ã®æ ¹æ ã«ã€ããŠã¯äºãããããããã¯ã䞡眰èŠå®ã®ããç¯çœªçºçã«éããŠãæ³äººã責任ãå
ãåŸãããšããç¹ã§éèŠãªè«ç¹ã§ããã",
"title": "äž»äœè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ãšã¯ãæ§æèŠä»¶èªäœã¯äœçºãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããããäžäœçºã«ãã£ãŠãå®è¡ãå¯èœãªç¯çœªãããããããããã®åé¡ã¯ãæ¡æäžææã®ãªãæ§æèŠä»¶ãé©çšããããšã¯çœªåæ³å®äž»çŸ©ã«åããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããæ ¹æ¬çãªåé¡ãã¯ããã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãäžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ã®æç«ã«ã¯ãäžäœçºãäœçºãšåçšåºŠã®äŸ¡å€ããã€ãèšãæããã°ãã®äžäœçºãç¯çœªã®å®è¡è¡çºãšããŠèªãããã ãã®äŸ¡å€ããã€ããšãå¿
èŠãšããã®ã ãšéå®çã«è§£éããŠã眪åæ³å®äž»çŸ©ãšã®æŽåæ§ãå³ãçè«æ§æããšãããŠããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ã¯ãäžäœçºã«ããäœçºç¯ã®å®çŸã§ãããããéã«ããã°ãäžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ã®åæãšããŠãè¡çºè
ã«ã¯äœããã®ç©æ¥µçãªäœçºããªã矩åãã€ãŸãäœçºçŸ©åããã£ããšãããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡çºè
ã«äœçºçŸ©åãããããšãã£ãŠãããã¹ãŠã®äººéã«äœçºçŸ©åããããšæããããšã¯ã§ããªãããªããªããããããäžäœçºãæ§æèŠä»¶ã«è©²åœãããšããããšã¯ãæ§æèŠä»¶ã®ãã€éæ³æ§æšå®æ©èœã倱ãããããšã«ãªãããã§ãããããã§ä¿é人説ã¯ãä¿é人çå°äœã«ããè
ã«äœçºçŸ©åããããä¿é人çå°äœã«ããè
ã®äžäœçºãæ§æèŠä»¶ã«è©²åœããã®ã ãšæããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãæ± ã«èœã¡ãŠæººããŠããåäŸãå©ãã矩åã¯ãä¿é人çå°äœã«ãããã®åã®èŠªã«ã¯çºçããããéããããã®äžè¬åžæ°ã«ã¯çºçããªãããããã£ãŠã芪ããã®åãå©ããããšãããçµæçã«åäŸã溺æ»ããå Žåã芪ã«ã¯äžäœçºã«ãã殺人眪ãæç«ããããéããããã®åžæ°ãåäŸãå©ããããšããªãã£ããšããŠãã殺人眪ã®æ§æèŠä»¶ã«ã¯è©²åœããªãããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä¿é人çå°äœã¯ã芪åã®ããã«èº«åé¢ä¿ã«åºã¥ããŠæç«ããå Žåã®ã»ããäœããã®å
è¡è¡çºã«åºã¥ããŠçºçããå Žåããããšè§£ãããŠãããå
žåçã«ã¯ãèªãã®å
è¡è¡çºã«ãã£ãŠçµæçºçã®å±éºãæããå Žåã§ãããããšãã°ãé倱ã«ãã£ãŠå»ºç©ã®äžéšã«ç«ãã€ããŠããŸã£ãè
ã¯ãç«çœãšããçµæçºçã®å±éºãæããŠãããããä¿é人çå°äœã«åºã¥ããŠæ¶ç«æŽ»åãããäœçºçŸ©åãçãããããè¡ããªãå Žåã«ã¯äžäœçºã«ããæŸç«çœªãæç«ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå
è¡è¡çºãæ
æãé倱ã«åºã¥ããªãå Žåã§ããèªå·±ã®ææã«åºã¥ããŠå æçµéã«å¯Ÿããæä»çæ¯é
ãç²åŸããå Žåã«ã¯ä¿é人çå°äœãçãããšèããããŠãããéã§è¡ãåãã«ãªã£ãŠããæ¥ç
人ãèªåã®è»ã«ä¹ããè
ã¯ã圌ã®ç殺äžå¥ªããã®æã«æ¡ã£ããšãããç
é¢ã«æ¬éãããªã©äœããã®äœçºããªã矩åãçããããã®çŸ©åã«éåããŠæŒ«ç¶ãšæ¥ç
人ãæŸçœ®ããå Žåã«ã¯ããã¯ãäžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ã®æç«ãåé¡ã«ãªãã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä¿é人çå°äœã¯å¥çŽã«åºã¥ããŠçããå Žåããããããšãã°ãå»åž«ãçè·åž«ã¯æ£è
ãæ²»çããäœçºçŸ©åããããšãããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžçæ£äžäœçºç¯ãæç«ããããã«ã¯äœçºçŸ©åéåãšçµæãšã®éã«å æé¢ä¿ãããããšãå¿
èŠãšããããå æé¢ä¿ã®åæãšããŠæ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ã®æ€èšãå¿
èŠãšãªããã泚æãã¹ãã¯ãã³ã³ãã£ããªå
¬åŒãžã®åœãŠã¯ãã«é¢ããŠãäžäœçºç¯ã®å Žåã¯ããããããä»®å®çäºæ
ã®ä»å ãã®çŠæ¢ãã®ååãé©çšãããªãããšã§ãããããªãã¡ãäžäœçºç¯ã®æ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ãèªããå Žåã«ã¯ãã©ãããŠãããã®äœçºããªãããŠãããªãã°ãçµæã¯çºçããªãã£ãããšãããããšãå¿
èŠã§ãããããä»®å®ããããäœçºããä»å ããŠæ€èšããããšãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµæç¯ã«ãããŠã¯ãå®è¡è¡çºãšçºççµæã®éã«äžå®ã®çµã³ã€ããèŠæ±ãããããããå æé¢ä¿ãšåŒã¶ãå æé¢ä¿ã¯ãè¡çºè
ã«çµæ責任ãè² ãããããã®å®¢èŠ³çãªèŠä»¶ã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å æé¢ä¿ãè«ããããã®å€§åæã¯æ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ã¯ããã®è¡çºãåãå»ãããšã§ãçµæãçºçããªãã£ããšããããããšããåºæºã«ãã£ãŠå€æãããããã®è¡çºãåãå»ã£ãå Žåã«çµæãçºçããªãã£ããšããããªãã°ãæ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ãããããšããããã®è¡çºãåãå»ã£ãå Žåã«ããã¯ãçµæãçºçãããšããããªãã°ããæ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ããªãããšãããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å
¬åŒã¯ãã°ãã°ããããªãã°ãããªããã®é¢ä¿ããããã¯'conditio sine qua non'ã®å
¬åŒ(ã³ã³ãã£ããªå
¬åŒ)ãšåŒã°ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¡ä»¶é¢ä¿ãè¯å®ãããå Žåã次ã«ãè¡çºãããã¹ãŠã®çµæãè¡çºè
ã«åž°è²¬ããããšã劥åœãã©ãããåé¡ãšãªãã ããã¯ãå¶ç¶ã®äºæ
(èªç¶åãäžå¯æåãä»è
ã®è¡çºã被害è
ã®çŽ å ç)ãä»åšããŠçµæãçºçããå Žåã«ãçºçããããéãçµæããã¹ãŠè¡çºè
ã«åž°è²¬ããããšãã§ããããšããåé¡ã§ããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããã²ãšã€ã®å€æåºæºãä»å
¥ããããšã«ãªããããªãã¡ãåœè©²è¡çºããåœè©²çµæãçºçããããšã¯ã瀟äŒé念äžçžåœã ãšããããããšããåºæºã§ããããã®ãããªåºæºãä»å
¥ãããŠå®¢èŠ³ç垰責ã®ç¯å²ãå¶éããçè«ãçžåœå æé¢ä¿èª¬ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çžåœå æé¢ä¿ã®å€æ察象(å æé¢ä¿ã®å€æåºåº)ã«ã¯ãè¡çºæã®äºæ
ãšè¡çºåŸã®äºæ
ãããããŸããå€æåºåºã«ã©ã®ãããªäºæ
ãåã蟌ãã¹ãããããã£ãŠã䞻芳説ã客芳説ãæ衷説ã®å¯Ÿç«ãããã",
"title": "è¡çºè«"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å æãšã¯åå ãšçµæã§ãã",
"title": "çµæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡çºã®ä»ã«çµæã®çºçãå¿
èŠãšãããåŠãã«ãã£ãŠãçµæç¯ãšåçŽè¡çºç¯ã«åãããããå€ãã®ç¯çœªã«ãããŠã¯ãè¡çºã ãã§ãªãäžå®ã®çµæã®çºçãæ§æèŠä»¶èŠçŽ ãšãããããããçµæç¯ãšãããäŸãã°ã殺人眪(åæ³199æ¡)ãçªç眪(å235æ¡)ãåšç©æå£çœª(å261æ¡)ãªã©ãããã«åœãããããã«å¯ŸããŠãçµæã®çºçãå¿
èŠãšããã«åã«è¡çºã ããæ§æèŠä»¶èŠçŽ ãšããç¯çœªããåçŽè¡çºç¯ãšãããäŸãã°ãåœèšŒçœª(åæ³169æ¡)ãèåœå蚎眪(å172æ¡)ãæŽè¡çœª(å208æ¡)ãªã©ãããã«åœããã",
"title": "çµæ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞻芳çæ§æèŠä»¶ãšã¯é¡åã§ãã",
"title": "䞻芳çæ§æèŠä»¶èŠçŽ "
}
] | æ³åŠïŒåäºæ³ïŒåæ³ïŒåæ³ç·è«ïŒæ§æèŠä»¶ | [[æ³åŠ]]ïŒ[[åäºæ³]]ïŒ[[åæ³]]ïŒ[[åæ³ç·è«]]ïŒ[[æ§æèŠä»¶]]
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ã§ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒããã¹ã¯ãªããã䜿çšããŠããå Žåã«äœ¿çšããŠããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã»ã¹ã¯ãªããã®çš®é¡ãããããæå®ããŸããçç¥ããŠããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãtext/cssãtext/javascriptãšèªåçã«èªèããããæå®ããããšãæãŸããã
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HTTPã®Refreshããããæå®ããããšã«ãããããŒãžãèªã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããèªåçã«åèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãããããšãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æå®ããŸããURLãæå®ããå Žåã¯ãæå®ããURLã®åèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãè¡ãããŸãããã ããã¢ã¯ã»ã·ããªãã£ã®é¢ããã¯å©çšãæšå¥šãããªãã§ãããµãŒããŒåŽã§ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã®åŠçãè¡ããéåžžã®ãªã³ã¯ã§ç§»åããããªã©ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä»£çšããããšãæãŸããã
以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°
ç§æ° ãš URL ã®éã«ã; url= ãå¿
èŠã§ããã
HTML5ã§ã¯ãPICS ãèŠå®ããŠããŸããã PICSèªäœããHTMLã®èŠæ Œçå®ããæãåŒãã W3C ãçå®ããèŠæ Œã§ãæ¢ã«å»æ¢ãªãã倱å¹ããŠããŸãã https://www.w3.org/PICS/labels.html
以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°
ã³ã³ãã³ãã«å¹Žéœ¢å¶éã«é¢ããæ
å ±ãèšè¿°ããŸãã pics-1.1 "URL"ã®éšåã§Pics-Labelã®ä»æ§ãæžãããŠããããŒãžã®URLãæå®ããl r ()ã®éšå(LãšRã®å°æåã®éã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹)ã§ä»æ§ã«åŸã£ã幎霢å¶éã¬ãã«ã®èšè¿°ã4段éè©äŸ¡ã§è¡ããä»æ§ã¯è€æ°å®ããããŠãããããèªåã®åŸã圢åŒã®èšè¿°æ³ã«åŸã£ãŠé
ç®ãæå®ããŸãã
äŸãã°è±åœéå¶å©å£äœICRA(Internet Content Rating Association)ã®å®ãã圢åŒã«åŸã£ãå Žåã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªåœ¢åŒãšãªããŸãã
HTML5ã§ã¯ã
ã®æ§ãªæ°ããã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ãèŠå®ãããŸããã
以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°
ãã®ä»ã®å
·äœçã«HTMLã§èŠå®ãããŠããªãã¡ã¿æ
å ±ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãnameå±æ§ãšcontentå±æ§(ãšschemeå±æ§)ãçšããŠèšè¿°ããŸãã
HTML5 § 4.2.4 The link element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element
以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°
ææžã«é¢é£ããå¥ã®ãªãœãŒã¹ãèšè¿°ããèŠçŽ ãå€éšã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã®æå®ããµã€ãå
ãªã³ã¯ã«é¢ããæ
å ±æå®çã«çšããããŸãããµã€ãå
ãªã³ã¯ã«é¢ããäžéšã®æ
å ±ã¯SeaMonkeyãOperaãªã©äžéšã®ãã©ãŠã¶ãããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³æ
å ±ãšããŠååŸå
容ããã©ãŠã¶ã®ããŒã«ããŒã«è¡šç€ºããŸãã
relå±æ§ã¯URLã§ç€ºããããŒãžã®åŽããèŠããã®ããŒãžãšã®é¢ä¿ããrevå±æ§ã¯ãã®ããŒãžã®åŽããèŠãURLã§ç€ºããããŒãžã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ããå€éšãã¡ã€ã«ãããŒãžå
ã«åã蟌ãå Žåã¯typeå±æ§ãèšè¿°ããŸãã
HTML5 4.2.3 The base element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-base-element
以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°
<base href="URL">ã§ãããŒãžå
ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãªã³ã¯ããæå®ãããURLãåºæºã«ããŸãã<base href="URL" target="ã¿ãŒã²ãã">ã®ããã«ããŠtargetå±æ§ãæå®ããããšãå¯èœãããšãã°äžã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžãhttp://ja.wikipedia.org/ ã ãšããŠã
ãšå
¥åãããšãhttp://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML ã§ã¯ãªããhttp://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/HTML ã«ãªã³ã¯ãããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML > ããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã ãã§ããDTDããªãã®ã§ããã¯ãHTML5ã¯SGMLã§ã¯ãªããªããŸããã",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTMLã¯ãDTD(Document Type Definition = ææžåå®çŸ©)ãã¹ããŒãèšèªãæ¡çšããŠããŸããHTMLã®DTDã«ã¯ãHTMLã§çšããããšãã§ããèŠçŽ ãå±æ§ãªã©ãå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸããäŸãã°HTML 4.01ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®3çš®é¡ã®DTDãååšããŸãã",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DTDã¯ææžã®å
é ã«ã²ãšã€ã ãèšè¿°ããŸãããã°ãçç¥ããããæ£åŒãªHTMLã®ææžã«ã¯å¿
èŠãªãã®ã§ãããäžåäžå¥ééããã«å
¥åããå¿
èŠããããŸãã",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML 4.01 Strictã®å Žå",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML 4.01 Transitionalã®å Žå",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML 4.01 Framesetã®å Žå",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäžéšã®ãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã§ã¯äžèšã®ãŸãŸèšè¿°ããã°èŠæ Œã«åŸã£ãæšæºæºæ ã¢ãŒããšãªãããæ«å°Ÿã«ããURLã®éšåãçç¥ãããšãã®ææžã¯åŸæ¹äºæã¢ãŒããšãªãããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã®ç¬èªæ¡åŒµã䜿çšã§ããããã«ãªããŸãããã ãStrictã§ã¯åŸæ¹äºæã¢ãŒãã§ãç¬èªæ¡åŒµãå©çšã§ããªãå®è£
ç³»ãå€ãã",
"title": "!DOCTYPE"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "metaèŠçŽ ã¯ãææžèªäœã®ããŸããŸãªæ
å ±(ã¡ã¿ããŒã¿)ãèšè¿°ããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯ãHTML4.01 以åã« http-equivå±æ§ ã䜿ãã¢ãããã¯ã«æå®ããŠããã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ã¯ãããçŽæçãªåºæã®å±æ§ã«ãã£ãŠçœ®æãããhttp-equivå±æ§ã®äœ¿çšæ©äŒã¯æ®ã©ãªããªããŸããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬æ¥ãªãã°HTTPã§äº€æãããæ
å ±ãããããããã¡ã€ã«ã«èšèŒããŠããããšãã§ããŸãããã®å±æ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããWWWãµãŒãããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ããã®æ
å ±ãèªã¿èŸŒãã§ãããŒãžã®äœæè
ãæãHTTPäžã®åäœãå®çŸãããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ããæ¬æ¥ãªãã°HTTPã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ãããã§æå®ãã¹ããã®ã§ãããããèšè¿°ããããšã§äžå
·åãèµ·ããå ŽåããããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã®æå笊å·å圢åŒã¯ã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããŸããã·ã³ãã«ã§ããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææžãtext/html圢åŒã§æžãããŠããããšã瀺ããšåæã«ææžäžã§äœ¿ãããŠããæå笊å·åæ¹åŒãæå®ããŸããææžäžã§äœ¿ãããŠããæå笊å·åæ¹åŒãšåã笊å·åæ¹åŒãèšå®ããå¿
èŠããããŸããææžäžã§äœ¿ãããŠããæåã³ãŒããšç°ãªããã®ãæå®ããå Žåãæååãã®åå ã«ãªãã®ã§æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒã㯠CSS,ã¹ã¯ãªããã®èšèªã¯ Javascript ãããããæ¢å®å€ ãšãªããŸããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒãžå
ã§ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒããã¹ã¯ãªããã䜿çšããŠããå Žåã«äœ¿çšããŠããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã»ã¹ã¯ãªããã®çš®é¡ãããããæå®ããŸããçç¥ããŠããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãtext/cssãtext/javascriptãšèªåçã«èªèããããæå®ããããšãæãŸããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ãèªåçã«ããŒãžãèªèŸŒãå Žå",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTTPã®Refreshããããæå®ããããšã«ãããããŒãžãèªã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããèªåçã«åèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãããããšãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã«æå®ããŸããURLãæå®ããå Žåã¯ãæå®ããURLã®åèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãè¡ãããŸãããã ããã¢ã¯ã»ã·ããªãã£ã®é¢ããã¯å©çšãæšå¥šãããªãã§ãããµãŒããŒåŽã§ãªãã€ã¬ã¯ãã®åŠçãè¡ããéåžžã®ãªã³ã¯ã§ç§»åããããªã©ã®æ¹æ³ã§ä»£çšããããšãæãŸããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§æ° ãš URL ã®éã«ã; url= ãå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯ãPICS ãèŠå®ããŠããŸããã PICSèªäœããHTMLã®èŠæ Œçå®ããæãåŒãã W3C ãçå®ããèŠæ Œã§ãæ¢ã«å»æ¢ãªãã倱å¹ããŠããŸãã https://www.w3.org/PICS/labels.html",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ãã³ãã«å¹Žéœ¢å¶éã«é¢ããæ
å ±ãèšè¿°ããŸãã pics-1.1 \"URL\"ã®éšåã§Pics-Labelã®ä»æ§ãæžãããŠããããŒãžã®URLãæå®ããl r ()ã®éšå(LãšRã®å°æåã®éã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹)ã§ä»æ§ã«åŸã£ã幎霢å¶éã¬ãã«ã®èšè¿°ã4段éè©äŸ¡ã§è¡ããä»æ§ã¯è€æ°å®ããããŠãããããèªåã®åŸã圢åŒã®èšè¿°æ³ã«åŸã£ãŠé
ç®ãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°è±åœéå¶å©å£äœICRA(Internet Content Rating Association)ã®å®ãã圢åŒã«åŸã£ãå Žåã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªåœ¢åŒãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ§ãªæ°ããã¡ã¿ããŒã¿ãèŠå®ãããŸããã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã®å
·äœçã«HTMLã§èŠå®ãããŠããªãã¡ã¿æ
å ±ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãnameå±æ§ãšcontentå±æ§(ãšschemeå±æ§)ãçšããŠèšè¿°ããŸãã",
"title": "metaèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5 § 4.2.4 The link element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element",
"title": "linkèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "linkèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææžã«é¢é£ããå¥ã®ãªãœãŒã¹ãèšè¿°ããèŠçŽ ãå€éšã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒãã®æå®ããµã€ãå
ãªã³ã¯ã«é¢ããæ
å ±æå®çã«çšããããŸãããµã€ãå
ãªã³ã¯ã«é¢ããäžéšã®æ
å ±ã¯SeaMonkeyãOperaãªã©äžéšã®ãã©ãŠã¶ãããã²ãŒã·ã§ã³æ
å ±ãšããŠååŸå
容ããã©ãŠã¶ã®ããŒã«ããŒã«è¡šç€ºããŸãã",
"title": "linkèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "relå±æ§ã¯URLã§ç€ºããããŒãžã®åŽããèŠããã®ããŒãžãšã®é¢ä¿ããrevå±æ§ã¯ãã®ããŒãžã®åŽããèŠãURLã§ç€ºããããŒãžã®é¢ä¿ã瀺ããå€éšãã¡ã€ã«ãããŒãžå
ã«åã蟌ãå Žåã¯typeå±æ§ãèšè¿°ããŸãã",
"title": "linkèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "HTML5 4.2.3 The base element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-base-element",
"title": "baseèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžãHTML4.01 以åã«ã€ããŠã®èšè¿°",
"title": "baseèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "<base href=\"URL\">ã§ãããŒãžå
ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãªã³ã¯ããæå®ãããURLãåºæºã«ããŸãã<base href=\"URL\" target=\"ã¿ãŒã²ãã\">ã®ããã«ããŠtargetå±æ§ãæå®ããããšãå¯èœãããšãã°äžã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžãhttp://ja.wikipedia.org/ ã ãšããŠã",
"title": "baseèŠçŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšå
¥åãããšãhttp://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML ã§ã¯ãªããhttp://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/HTML ã«ãªã³ã¯ãããŸãã",
"title": "baseèŠçŽ "
}
] | HTML > ããã | [[HTML]] > '''ããã'''
== èšè¿°äŸ ==
;HTML5:<syntaxhighlight lang="HTML" highlight="3-6">
<!DOCTYPE html">
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML/ããã</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- æ¬æ -->
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight >
: HTML5ã§ã¯ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã·ãŒã㯠text/cssãã¹ã¯ãªãã㯠text/javascript ãæ¢å®ãšãªãæ瀺çãªæå®ã¯äžèŠã«ãªããŸããã
äžèšã³ãŒãã§ãåããŸããã<code><html lang="ja"></code> ãšèšèªãæ¥æ¬èªã§ãããšæ瀺ãããšãããæ€çŽ¢ãšã³ãžã³ãwebãã©ãŠã¶ãªã©ãèªã¿åãããããªããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang="HTML">
<!DOCTYPE html">
<html lang="ja">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML/ããã</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- æ¬æ -->
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight >
;HTML4 Strict:<syntaxhighlight lang="html4strict" highlight="3-8">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript">
<title>HTML/ããã</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- æ¬æ -->
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight >
== å¿
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;html
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HTML 4.01 Framesetã®å Žå
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----
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=== ãã®ä»ã®æ
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== linkèŠçŽ ==
HTML5 § 4.2.4 The link element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-link-element
----
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== baseèŠçŽ ==
HTML5 4.2.3 The <dfn><code>base</code></dfn> element https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-base-element
----
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ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Object-Oriented Programming, OOP)ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã®ããã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã©ãã€ã ã®äžã€ã§ãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãããã°ã©ã ãããªããžã§ã¯ãããšåŒã°ããåå¥ã®èŠçŽ ã«åå²ãããããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããããŒã¿ãšãã®ããŒã¿ãåŠçããã¡ãœãã(é¢æ°)ãçµã¿åãããŠæ§ç¯ããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯ã以äžã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããåºæ¬çãªæ§é ã§ããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããããã®èšèšå³ããã³ãã¬ãŒãã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯å±æ§(ããŒã¿ã¡ã³ããŒ)ãšã¡ãœãã(é¢æ°ã¡ã³ããŒ)ãå®çŸ©ããŸããäŸãã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ "Car" ãããã°ããã®å±æ§ã«ã¯ "color" ã "speed" ãªã©ããããã¡ãœããã«ã¯ "accelerate" ã "brake" ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãã
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äŸãã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ããCar(è»)ãã§ããå ŽåãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã¯ãç¹å®ã®è»ãè¡šãå
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äŸãã°ãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã¯Vehicleã¯ã©ã¹(ä¹ç©ã¯ã©ã¹)ãç¶æ¿ããããšã§ãä¹ç©ã®åºæ¬çãªå±æ§ãšã¡ãœãããåå©çšãããã¯åå®çŸ©ããããšã§å·®åããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãå®çŸããŸããã
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ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããŠãã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹(Class-based)ãšãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹(Prototype-based)ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæãšæ¯ãèãã®å®çŸ©ã«ãããŠç°ãªãã¢ãããŒããåã2ã€ã®äž»èŠãªã¢ãã«ã§ãã
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// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ© class Vehicle { public:
private:
};
// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ class Car : public Vehicle { public:
private:
};
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš void performDrive(Vehicle& vehicle) {
}
int main() {
} </sytaxhighlight>
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®èšèšãç¶æ¿ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ãã«ãã»ã«åãªã©ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã瀺ããŠããŸãã
Javaã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãå®å
šæ§ã移æ€æ§ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãè±å¯ã§ãã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã«ãã¹ã¬ãããµããŒããåºç¯ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãç¹åŸŽã§ããWebãã¢ãã€ã«ããšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããŠããŸãã
public class Main {
} </sytaxhighlight> ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(OOP)ã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã瀺ããŠããŸãã以äžã«ãã³ãŒãå
ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããOOPã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸã:
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯æè»æ§ããããåå©çšæ§ãé«ãOOPã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠããŸãã
Rubyã¯åçã§æè»ãªæ§æã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæ©èœãšã¡ã¿ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ãµããŒãããããç¹ã«Railsãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããã·ã³ãã«ãªã³ãŒãã§é«ãçç£æ§ãæäŸããWebéçºãã¹ã¯ãªããäœæã«é©ããŠããŸãã
class Vehicle
end
class Car < Vehicle
end
def perform_drive(vehicle)
end
my_car = Car.new("Sedan", "Toyota")
my_car.start
puts "Vehicle type: #{my_car.type}"
my_car.type = "SUV"
perform_drive(my_car) </sytaxhighlight>
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
Pythonã¯çŽæçã§èªã¿ãããæ§æã®é«æ°Žæºããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãæ¡åŒµæ§ãåçåä»ãããããããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãAIãWebéçºãªã©å¹
åºãçšéã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªã³ãã¥ããã£ãååšããåŠç¿ã容æã§ãã
class Vehicle:
class Car(Vehicle):
def perform_drive(vehicle):
my_car = Car("Sedan", "Toyota")
my_car.start()
print(f"Vehicle type: {my_car.get_type}")
my_car.set_type = "SUV"
perform_drive(my_car) </sytaxhighlight>
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
C#ã¯ãã€ã¯ããœããã«ããéçºããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ã匷åãªåã·ã¹ãã ãšè±å¯ãªæ©èœããããŸããWindowsã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãWebéçºã«é©ããŠããã.NETãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšçµ±åãããŠããŸããé«ãçç£æ§ãšå®å
šæ§ãæäŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ã圢æãããŠããŸãã
using System;
// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ© public abstract class Vehicle {
}
// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ public class Car : Vehicle {
}
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš public class Program {
} </sytaxhighlight>
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®æŠå¿µãååšããããªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥è€è£œããŠæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããææ³ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã以äžã¯ã代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã
代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã¯ãJavaScriptãLuaãªã©ããããŸãã
JavaScriptã¯è»œéãã€æè»ãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãåºãWebããŒãžã®åçãªæäœã«æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããã€ãã³ãé§ååã§éåæåŠçã«åŒ·ã¿ãæã¡ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãé¢æ°åããµããŒãããŠããŸããäž»ã«ãã©ãŠã¶äžã§ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããµã€ãéçºã«äœ¿ãããã»ãããµãŒããŒãµã€ã(Node.js)ã§ãå©çšå¯èœã§ãå€åœ©ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãæŽåãããŠããŸãã
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ° function Vehicle(type) {
}
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°(ç¶æ¿) function Car(type, brand) {
}
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš function performDrive(vehicle) {
}
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ const myCar = Car("Sedan", "Toyota");
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã myCar.start();
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš performDrive(myCar); </sytaxhighlight>
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®OOPã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã掻çšããŠããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæãç¶æ¿ããããã¿ã€ããã§ãŒã³ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®æŠå¿µãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã
Luaã¯è»œéã§åã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãé«ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãšæè»æ§ãåããŠããŸããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãã²ãŒã ãšã³ãžã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšè¿°ãå¯èœã§ããåçåä»ããšèªåã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹é·ãšããCèšèªã«å®¹æã«çµ±åã§ããŸãã
-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©(ããŒãã«ãçšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæš¡å£) Vehicle = {} Vehicle.__index = Vehicle
-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ function Vehicle.new(type)
end
-- ã¡ãœãã function Vehicle:start()
end
-- ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ Car = setmetatable({}, {__index = Vehicle})
-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ function Car.new(type, brand)
end
-- ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã function Car:drive()
end
-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš function performDrive(vehicle)
end
-- ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ local myCar = Car.new("Sedan", "Toyota")
-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã myCar:start()
-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš performDrive(myCar) </sytaxhighlight>
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ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯ãã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãé«ããããã®åŒ·åãªææ³ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
以äžã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãã³ãŒãåå©çšã«å¯äžããäž»ãªç¹ã§ã:
ãããã®èŠçŽ ãçµã¿åãããããšã§ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã¯ã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãåäžãããä¿å®æ§ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãé«ããå¹æçãªæ段ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž > å·¥åŠ > æ
å ±æè¡ > ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > ãªããžã§ã¯ãæå",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªããžã§ã¯ãæå(Object-Oriented)ãã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢å·¥åŠã®èšèšããã³éçºã®ã¢ãããŒãã®äžã€ã§ãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãããã°ã©ã ãããªããžã§ã¯ãããšåŒã°ããå°ããªéšåã«åå²ãããããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããããŒã¿ãšããã«é¢é£ããã¡ãœãã(é¢æ°)ãçµã¿åãããŠæ§æãããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Object-Oriented Programming)(OOP)ã¯ããã®ã¢ãããŒããå
·çŸåãããã®ã§ãäž»ã«ä»¥äžã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã«åºã¥ããŠããŸã:",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŽå²ã¯ã1960幎代ãã1970幎代åé ã«ãããŠããã®ãŒããŸãããå®éã®å°å
¥ã¯1980幎代以éãäž»æµãšãªããŸãããSmalltalkãSimulaãšãã£ãèšèªãåæã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«è§ŠçºããããœãããŠã§ã¢å·¥åŠã®ä»ã®åéã§ãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã«åºã¥ãææ³ãèæ¡æ®åããŸããã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®ææ³ã䜿çšããããšã§ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®éçºãæè»ã§ä¿å®æ§ãé«ããªãã倧èŠæš¡ã§è€éãªã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã容æã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã«é¢é£ããçšèªãã¢ã¯ããã ãæããŠã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®çšèªã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã«é¢é£ããæ§ã
ãªåŽé¢ãå¿çšåéãè¡šããŠããŸãããããããç¹å®ã®ã³ã³ã»ãããæè¡ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŠãããããã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠé©åãªãã®ãéžæãããŸãã",
"title": "æŠèŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(Object-Oriented Programming, OOP)ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã®ããã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã©ãã€ã ã®äžã€ã§ãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãããã°ã©ã ãããªããžã§ã¯ãããšåŒã°ããåå¥ã®èŠçŽ ã«åå²ãããããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããããŒã¿ãšãã®ããŒã¿ãåŠçããã¡ãœãã(é¢æ°)ãçµã¿åãããŠæ§ç¯ããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯ã以äžã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããåºæ¬çãªæ§é ã§ããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããããã®èšèšå³ããã³ãã¬ãŒãã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯å±æ§(ããŒã¿ã¡ã³ããŒ)ãšã¡ãœãã(é¢æ°ã¡ã³ããŒ)ãå®çŸ©ããŸããäŸãã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ \"Car\" ãããã°ããã®å±æ§ã«ã¯ \"color\" ã \"speed\" ãªã©ããããã¡ãœããã«ã¯ \"accelerate\" ã \"brake\" ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®äœã§ãããã¯ã©ã¹ããçæãããã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã®èšèšå³ã«åºã¥ããŠäœæãããç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿ãã¡ãœãããæã¡ãŸããäŸãã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ \"Car\" ããçæããããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ãç¹å®ã®è²ãé床ã®è»ãè¡šããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ããçæãããå
·äœçãªãªããžã§ã¯ããæããŸããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯èšèšå³ããã³ãã¬ãŒãã§ãããã¯ã©ã¹ããå
·äœçãªããŒã¿ãã¡ãœãããæã€ãªããžã§ã¯ããçæããããšããã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ãã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ããšåŒã°ããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãã¯ã©ã¹ããCar(è»)ãã§ããå ŽåãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã¯ãç¹å®ã®è»ãè¡šãå
·äœçãªãªããžã§ã¯ãã§ãããã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã¯ãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã®å±æ§(äŸ: color, speed)ãã¡ãœãã(äŸ: accelerate, brake)ãæã¡ãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã®èšèšã«åºã¥ããŠæ¯ãèããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¶æ¿ã¯ãæ¢åã®ã¯ã©ã¹(芪ã¯ã©ã¹ãŸãã¯åºåºã¯ã©ã¹)ããæ°ããã¯ã©ã¹(åã¯ã©ã¹ãŸãã¯æŽŸçã¯ã©ã¹)ãäœæããã¡ã«ããºã ã§ããåã¯ã©ã¹ã¯èŠªã¯ã©ã¹ã®å±æ§ãã¡ãœãããåŒãç¶ãããããæ¡åŒµãŸãã¯å€æŽããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãåäžããéå±€æ§é ã圢æããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ãCarã¯ã©ã¹ã¯Vehicleã¯ã©ã¹(ä¹ç©ã¯ã©ã¹)ãç¶æ¿ããããšã§ãä¹ç©ã®åºæ¬çãªå±æ§ãšã¡ãœãããåå©çšãããã¯åå®çŸ©ããããšã§å·®åããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãå®çŸããŸããã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã¯ãåãååã®ã¡ãœãããç°ãªãã¯ã©ã¹ã§ç°ãªãæ¯ãèããããããšãå¯èœã«ããæŠå¿µã§ããããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã¯éçãªãã®(ã³ã³ãã€ã«æããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã )ãšåçãªãã®(ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã )ããããããããã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒããŒãããªãŒããŒã©ã€ããéããŠå®çŸãããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãã»ã«åã¯ãããŒã¿ãšããã«é¢é£ããã¡ãœãããäžã€ã®åäœã«ãŸãšããå€éšããã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¶åŸ¡ããä»çµã¿ãæããŸããã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§ããŒã¿ãé èœããå€éšããã¯å
¬éãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãéããŠã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããšã§ãããŒã¿ã®æŽåæ§ãå®å
šæ§ã確ä¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããŠãã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹(Class-based)ãšãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹(Prototype-based)ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæãšæ¯ãèãã®å®çŸ©ã«ãããŠç°ãªãã¢ãããŒããåã2ã€ã®äž»èŠãªã¢ãã«ã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ãšãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倪åæŠèŠ: ã¯ã©ã¹ã®æŠå¿µããªãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ä»ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããè€è£œããŠæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯åçã«å€æŽãããæ°ããã¡ã³ããŒãè¿œå ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ãšãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®2ã€ã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãçæãšèšèšã®èŠ³ç¹ããç°ãªããŸããã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã¯éçã§ããäžæ¹ããããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã¯åçã§ãããã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã«ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®æ§é ãå€æŽãããããšãã§ããŸããåã¢ãã«ã«ã¯å©ç¹ãšå¶çŽããããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãéçºè
ã®å¥œã¿ã«å¿ããŠéžæãããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ãšãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯ãããã°ã©ã å
ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããã¯ã©ã¹ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããã«åºã¥ããŠã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãçæããææ³ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯ã代衚çãªã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "代衚çãªã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã¯ãC++ãJavaãRubyãPythonãC#ãªã©ããããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "C++ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µããµããŒãããŠããŸãã以äžã«ãC++ã«ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã説æããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ© class Vehicle { public:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "private:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "};",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ class Car : public Vehicle { public:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "private:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "};",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš void performDrive(Vehicle& vehicle) {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "int main() {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "} </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®èšèšãç¶æ¿ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ãã«ãã»ã«åãªã©ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã瀺ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Javaã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãå®å
šæ§ã移æ€æ§ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãè±å¯ã§ãã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã«ãã¹ã¬ãããµããŒããåºç¯ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãç¹åŸŽã§ããWebãã¢ãã€ã«ããšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "public class Main {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "} </sytaxhighlight> ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(OOP)ã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã瀺ããŠããŸãã以äžã«ãã³ãŒãå
ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããOOPã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸã:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯æè»æ§ããããåå©çšæ§ãé«ãOOPã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Rubyã¯åçã§æè»ãªæ§æã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæ©èœãšã¡ã¿ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ãµããŒãããããç¹ã«Railsãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããã·ã³ãã«ãªã³ãŒãã§é«ãçç£æ§ãæäŸããWebéçºãã¹ã¯ãªããäœæã«é©ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "class Vehicle",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "class Car < Vehicle",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "def perform_drive(vehicle)",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car = Car.new(\"Sedan\", \"Toyota\")",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car.start",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "puts \"Vehicle type: #{my_car.type}\"",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car.type = \"SUV\"",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "perform_drive(my_car) </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Pythonã¯çŽæçã§èªã¿ãããæ§æã®é«æ°Žæºããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãæ¡åŒµæ§ãåçåä»ãããããããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãAIãWebéçºãªã©å¹
åºãçšéã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªã³ãã¥ããã£ãååšããåŠç¿ã容æã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "class Vehicle:",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "class Car(Vehicle):",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "def perform_drive(vehicle):",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car = Car(\"Sedan\", \"Toyota\")",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car.start()",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "print(f\"Vehicle type: {my_car.get_type}\")",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "my_car.set_type = \"SUV\"",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "perform_drive(my_car) </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "C#ã¯ãã€ã¯ããœããã«ããéçºããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ã匷åãªåã·ã¹ãã ãšè±å¯ãªæ©èœããããŸããWindowsã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãWebéçºã«é©ããŠããã.NETãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšçµ±åãããŠããŸããé«ãçç£æ§ãšå®å
šæ§ãæäŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ã圢æãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "using System;",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ© public abstract class Vehicle {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ public class Car : Vehicle {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš public class Program {",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "} </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®æŠå¿µãååšããããªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥è€è£œããŠæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããææ³ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã以äžã¯ã代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã¯ãJavaScriptãLuaãªã©ããããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "JavaScriptã¯è»œéãã€æè»ãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãåºãWebããŒãžã®åçãªæäœã«æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããã€ãã³ãé§ååã§éåæåŠçã«åŒ·ã¿ãæã¡ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãé¢æ°åããµããŒãããŠããŸããäž»ã«ãã©ãŠã¶äžã§ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããµã€ãéçºã«äœ¿ãããã»ãããµãŒããŒãµã€ã(Node.js)ã§ãå©çšå¯èœã§ãå€åœ©ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãæŽåãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ° function Vehicle(type) {",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°(ç¶æ¿) function Car(type, brand) {",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš function performDrive(vehicle) {",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "}",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ const myCar = Car(\"Sedan\", \"Toyota\");",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã myCar.start();",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš performDrive(myCar); </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®OOPã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã掻çšããŠããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæãç¶æ¿ããããã¿ã€ããã§ãŒã³ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®æŠå¿µãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Luaã¯è»œéã§åã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãé«ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãšæè»æ§ãåããŠããŸããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãã²ãŒã ãšã³ãžã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšè¿°ãå¯èœã§ããåçåä»ããšèªåã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹é·ãšããCèšèªã«å®¹æã«çµ±åã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©(ããŒãã«ãçšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæš¡å£) Vehicle = {} Vehicle.__index = Vehicle",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ function Vehicle.new(type)",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã¡ãœãã function Vehicle:start()",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ Car = setmetatable({}, {__index = Vehicle})",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ function Car.new(type, brand)",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã function Car:drive()",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš function performDrive(vehicle)",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "end",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ local myCar = Car.new(\"Sedan\", \"Toyota\")",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã myCar:start()",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš performDrive(myCar) </sytaxhighlight>",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Luaã§ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ãçŽæ¥ãµããŒãããŠããªããããããŒãã«ãšã¡ã¿ããŒãã«ã䜿çšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µãè¡šçŸããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°èèšèªã®å€ãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªãç©æ¥µçã«æ¡çšããªãçç±ã¯ããããã®èšèªãç¹å®ã®ç®æšãèšèšååã«åºã¥ããŠéçºããããã®èåŸã«ããå²åŠã䟡å€èŠ³ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãšã¯ç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã以äžã«ãGoãRustãHaskellãããã³Zigã®ããããã«ãããŠããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæ¡çšããªãçç±ã解説ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°èèšèªã«ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªãå°ãªãã®ã¯ãªãïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç·ããŠããããã®æ°èèšèªã¯ã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšèšãã¡ã¢ãªå®å
šæ§ãåå®å
šæ§ãçŽç²é¢æ°åããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãªã©ãããããç°ãªã䟡å€èŠ³ãç®æšãæã£ãŠããŸããããã«ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãçšããªãéžæãè¡ãããŠããŸãããã ãããããã®èšèªãæè»æ§ãä¿ã€ããã«ãç¬èªã®ã¢ãããŒããèšèªæ©èœãæäŸããŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°èèšèªã«ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªãå°ãªãã®ã¯ãªãïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæååæ(OOA)ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã®åæ段éã§è¡ãããããã»ã¹ã§ãã·ã¹ãã ã®èŠä»¶ãç解ããåé¡é åãæœè±¡åããŠã¢ãã«åããããã®ææ³ã§ãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæååæïŒOOAïŒObject-Oriented AnalysisïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«OOAã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæååæïŒOOAïŒObject-Oriented AnalysisïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæååæã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠèŠä»¶ã®ç解ããã·ã¹ãã ã®èšèšã«è³ããŸã§ã®éèŠãªã¹ãããã§ããOOPã®ååã«åºã¥ããã¢ãã«æ§ç¯ã«ãããæè»æ§ãåå©çšæ§ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹æ§ã®åäžãå®çŸãããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å質ãåäžãããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæååæïŒOOAïŒObject-Oriented AnalysisïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèš(OOD)ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã®ããã»ã¹ã«ãããŠããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(OOP)ã®ååãããšã«ããŠãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®æ§é ãèšèšããããã»ã¹ã§ããOODã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æ§é ãçžäºäœçšãå¹æçãã€æè»ã«ã¢ãã«åããéçºè
ãä¿å®å¯èœã§æ¡åŒµå¯èœãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ãæ§ç¯ããããšãç®æããŸãã以äžã«ãOODã«é¢ãã詳现ãªèª¬æã瀺ããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèšïŒOODïŒObject-Oriented DesignïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèšã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®æè»ãã€å¹æçãªèšèšãè¡ãããã®ææ³ã§ãããOOPã®ååãéµå®ããªããã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããšã§ãä¿å®æ§ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãé«ããé«å質ãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ãéçºããããšãå¯èœã§ãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèšïŒOODïŒObject-Oriented DesignïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹(OOUI)ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹(UI)ã®èšèšãéçºã«ãããŠããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°(OOP)ã®ååãšæŠå¿µãé©çšããã¢ãããŒãã§ããOOUIã¯ãUIããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ãã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠã¢ãã«åããæè»æ§ãåå©çšæ§ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹æ§ãåäžãããããšãç®æããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ïŒObject-Oriented User InterfaceïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã¯ãæŽç·ŽãããUIãéçºããããã®å¹æçãªææ³ã§ãããOOPã®ååãUIèšèšã«åãå
¥ããããšã§ãæè»æ§ãåå©çšæ§ãé«ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãšã¯ã¹ããªãšã³ã¹ãåäžãããããšãæåŸ
ãããŸãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ã倧èŠæš¡ãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè€éãªãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®èšèšã«ç¹ã«é©ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ïŒObject-Oriented User InterfaceïŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯ãã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãé«ããããã®åŒ·åãªææ³ãæäŸããŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ãŒãåå©çšã®ææ³ãšããŠã®ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãã³ãŒãåå©çšã«å¯äžããäž»ãªç¹ã§ã:",
"title": "ã³ãŒãåå©çšã®ææ³ãšããŠã®ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã®èŠçŽ ãçµã¿åãããããšã§ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã¯ã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãåäžãããä¿å®æ§ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãé«ããå¹æçãªæ段ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "ã³ãŒãåå©çšã®ææ³ãšããŠã®ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã"
}
] | ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãžÂ > å·¥åŠÂ > æ
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== ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒObject-Oriented ProgrammingïŒ ==
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代衚çãªã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã¯ãC++ãJavaãRubyãPythonãC#ãªã©ããããŸãã
=== C++ ===
C++ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µããµããŒãããŠããŸãã以äžã«ãC++ã«ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã説æããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=c++>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©
class Vehicle {
public:
// ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
Vehicle(std::string type) : type(type) {}
// ã¡ãœãã
void start() {
std::cout << "The " << type << " is starting." << std::endl;
}
// çŽç²ä»®æ³é¢æ°ïŒç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ãããããšãæåŸ
ãããé¢æ°ïŒ
virtual void drive() = 0;
// ã²ãã¿ãŒãšã»ãã¿ãŒ
std::string getType() const {
return type;
}
void setType(std::string newType) {
type = newType;
}
private:
// ã«ãã»ã«å: ããŒã¿ã¡ã³ãã private ã«ããå
¬éããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãæäŸ
std::string type;
};
// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹
class Car : public Vehicle {
public:
// ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
Car(std::string type, std::string brand) : Vehicle(type), brand(brand) {}
// ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
void drive() override {
std::cout << "Driving the " << getType() << " car from " << brand << "." << std::endl;
}
private:
std::string brand;
};
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
void performDrive(Vehicle& vehicle) {
vehicle.drive();
}
int main() {
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
Car myCar("Sedan", "Toyota");
// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
myCar.start();
// ã²ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
std::cout << "Vehicle type: " << myCar.getType() << std::endl;
// ã»ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
myCar.setType("SUV");
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
performDrive(myCar);
return 0;
}
</sytaxhighlight>
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©ïŒVehicleïŒ:
#* <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãã®èšèšå³ãšããŠæ©èœããŸãã<code>start</code> ã¡ãœããã§è»ã®å§åã衚瀺ãã<code>drive</code> ã¡ãœããã¯çŽç²ä»®æ³é¢æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãã
# ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ïŒCarïŒ:
#* <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããç¶æ¿ã«ããã<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœãããããŒã¿ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããŸãã<code>drive</code> ã¡ãœããããªãŒããŒã©ã€ãããŠãè»ã®é転ã衚瀺ããŠããŸãã
# ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš:
#* <code>performDrive</code> é¢æ°ã¯åºåºã¯ã©ã¹ã®åç
§ãåãåããããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠããŸãããã®é¢æ°ãéããŠã<code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãšãã®æŽŸçã¯ã©ã¹ïŒããã§ã¯ <code>Car</code>ïŒã®ç°ãªãå®è£
ãåŒã³åºãããŸãã
# ã¡ã€ã³é¢æ°:
#* <code>main</code> é¢æ°ã§ã¯ã<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããçæãããã®ã¡ãœãããæ©èœãåŒã³åºããŠããŸããã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœãããã²ãã¿ãŒã»ã»ãã¿ãŒãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ãå¹æçã«å©çšãããŠããŸãã
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®èšèšãç¶æ¿ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ãã«ãã»ã«åãªã©ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã瀺ããŠããŸãã
=== Java ===
Javaã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãå®å
šæ§ã移æ€æ§ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãè±å¯ã§ãã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã«ãã¹ã¬ãããµããŒããåºç¯ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãç¹åŸŽã§ããWebãã¢ãã€ã«ããšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããŠããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=java>
public class Main {
public static void performDrive(Vehicle vehicle) {
vehicle.drive();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car("Sedan", "Toyota");
myCar.start();
System.out.println("Vehicle type: " + myCar.getType());
myCar.setType("SUV");
performDrive(myCar);
}
// Vehicleã¯ã©ã¹
static abstract class Vehicle {
private String type;
public Vehicle(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("The " + type + " is starting.");
}
public abstract void drive();
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String newType) {
type = newType;
}
}
// Carã¯ã©ã¹
static class Car extends Vehicle {
private String brand;
public Car(String type, String brand) {
super(type);
this.brand = brand;
}
public void drive() {
System.out.println("Driving the " + getType() + " car from " + brand + ".");
}
}
}
</sytaxhighlight>
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ïŒOOPïŒã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã瀺ããŠããŸãã以äžã«ãã³ãŒãå
ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããOOPã®èŠçŽ ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãïŒ
; ã¯ã©ã¹ (Class): <code>Vehicle</code> ãš <code>Car</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®èšèšå³ã§ãããããã«åºã¥ããŠãªããžã§ã¯ããçæãããŸãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ã (Object): <code>Car myCar = new Car("Sedan", "Toyota");</code> ã§ã<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãã <code>myCar</code> ãšããå
·äœçãªãªããžã§ã¯ããçæãããŠããŸãã
; ç¶æ¿ (Inheritance): <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> 㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã®ã¡ãœãããå±æ§ãåŒãç¶ãã€ã€ãç¬èªã®æ©èœãè¿œå ã§ããŸãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã (Polymorphism): <code>performDrive</code> ã¡ãœããã§ã¯ã<code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãåŒæ°ãšããŠåãåãããã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããããšããã<code>performDrive(myCar)</code> 㧠<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºãããŸãã
; æœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãšæœè±¡ã¡ãœãã: <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã«ã¯æœè±¡ã¡ãœãã <code>drive</code> ããããŸããæœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãšæœè±¡ã¡ãœããã¯ãç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ã§å¿
ããªãŒããŒã©ã€ããããã¹ãã¡ãœããã瀺ããŸãã
; ã«ãã»ã«å (Encapsulation): ã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§ã®ããŒã¿ã®é èœãšã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¶åŸ¡ãè¡ãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ã<code>type</code> ãã£ãŒã«ã㯠<code>private</code> ã§ããã<code>getType</code> ã <code>setType</code> ãéããŠã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããŸãã
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯æè»æ§ããããåå©çšæ§ãé«ãOOPã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠããŸãã
=== Ruby ===
Rubyã¯åçã§æè»ãªæ§æã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæ©èœãšã¡ã¿ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ãµããŒãããããç¹ã«Railsãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããã·ã³ãã«ãªã³ãŒãã§é«ãçç£æ§ãæäŸããWebéçºãã¹ã¯ãªããäœæã«é©ããŠããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=ruby>
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©
class Vehicle
# ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
def initialize(type)
@type = type
end
# ã¡ãœãã
def start
puts "The #{@type} is starting."
end
# æœè±¡ã¡ãœããïŒãµãã¯ã©ã¹ã§å®è£
ãããããšãæåŸ
ãããïŒ
def drive
raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement the 'drive' method."
end
# ã²ãã¿ãŒãšã»ãã¿ãŒ
def type
@type
end
def type=(new_type)
@type = new_type
end
end
# ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹
class Car < Vehicle
# ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
def initialize(type, brand)
super(type)
@brand = brand
end
# ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
def drive
puts "Driving the #{type} car from #{@brand}."
end
end
# ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
def perform_drive(vehicle)
vehicle.drive
end
# ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
my_car = Car.new("Sedan", "Toyota")
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
my_car.start
# ã²ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
puts "Vehicle type: #{my_car.type}"
# ã»ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
my_car.type = "SUV"
# ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
perform_drive(my_car)
</sytaxhighlight>
; ã¯ã©ã¹ (Class): <code>Vehicle</code> ãš <code>Car</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®èšèšå³ã§ãããå
±éã®å±æ§ãã¡ãœãããæã€ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®å®çŸ©ã§ãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ã (Object): <code>my_car</code> 㯠<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ããªããžã§ã¯ããšããŠæ±ãããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®äœã§ããããããããç¬èªã®ç¶æ
ãæã¡ãŸãã
; ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿: <code>initialize</code> ã¡ãœãããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãšããŠæ©èœãããªããžã§ã¯ãã®åæåãæ
åœããŸãã
; ç¶æ¿ (Inheritance): <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> 㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã®å±æ§ãã¡ãœãããåŒãç¶ããŸãã
; ã¡ãœãã (Method): <code>start</code> ã¡ãœããã <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§å®çŸ©ãããæ¯ãèããæäœãã¡ãœãããšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããŸãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã (Polymorphism): <code>perform_drive</code> ã¡ãœãããããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠããŸãããã®ã¡ãœãã㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãåŒæ°ãšããŠåãåããåŒæ°ã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŠããŸããããã«ãããå®éã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®åã«é¢ä¿ãªãåãã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸãã
; ã«ãã»ã«å (Encapsulation): ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹å€æ° (<code>@type</code>, <code>@brand</code>) ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§ã«ãã»ã«åãããŠãããå€éšããçŽæ¥ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããããšã¯ãããŸãããã²ãã¿ãŒ (<code>type</code>) ããã³ã»ãã¿ãŒ (<code>type=</code>) ã¡ãœãããä»ããŠããŒã¿ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŸãã
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
=== Python ===
Pythonã¯çŽæçã§èªã¿ãããæ§æã®é«æ°Žæºããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããè±å¯ãªæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãæ¡åŒµæ§ãåçåä»ãããããããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãAIãWebéçºãªã©å¹
åºãçšéã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªã³ãã¥ããã£ãååšããåŠç¿ã容æã§ãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=python3>
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©
class Vehicle:
# ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
def __init__(self, type):
self.type = type
# ã¡ãœãã
def start(self):
print(f"The {self.type} is starting.")
# æœè±¡ã¡ãœããïŒãµãã¯ã©ã¹ã§å®è£
ãããããšãæåŸ
ãããïŒ
def drive(self):
raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement the 'drive' method.")
# ã²ãã¿ãŒãšã»ãã¿ãŒ
@property
def get_type(self):
return self.type
@property
def set_type(self, new_type):
self.type = new_type
# ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹
class Car(Vehicle):
# ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
def __init__(self, type, brand):
super().__init__(type)
self.brand = brand
# ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
def drive(self):
print(f"Driving the {self.get_type} car from {self.brand}.")
# ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
def perform_drive(vehicle):
vehicle.drive()
# ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
my_car = Car("Sedan", "Toyota")
# ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
my_car.start()
# ã²ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
print(f"Vehicle type: {my_car.get_type}")
# ã»ãã¿ãŒã®å©çš
my_car.set_type = "SUV"
# ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
perform_drive(my_car)
</sytaxhighlight>
; ã¯ã©ã¹ (Class): <code>Vehicle</code> ããã³ <code>Car</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®èšèšå³ã§ãããå±æ§ãšã¡ãœãããå®çŸ©ããŸãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ã (Object): <code>my_car</code> 㯠<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ãå®è¡æã«ã¡ã¢ãªäžã«ååšããå®äœã§ãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ããçæããããã®ã§ãã
; ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿: <code>__init__</code> ã¡ãœãããã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãšããŠæ©èœãããªããžã§ã¯ãã®åæåãæ
åœããŸãã
; ç¶æ¿ (Inheritance): <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> 㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã®ã¡ãœãããå±æ§ãç¶æ¿ããŸãã
; ã¡ãœãã (Method): <code>start</code> ã¡ãœããã <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§å®çŸ©ãããæ¯ãèããæäœãã¡ãœãããšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããŸãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã (Polymorphism): <code>perform_drive</code> é¢æ°ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠããŸãããã®é¢æ°ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãåŒæ°ãšããŠåãåãããã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸããããã«ãããå®éã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®åã«é¢ä¿ãªãåãã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸãã
; ãããã㣠(Property): <code>@property</code> ãã³ã¬ãŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠã<code>get_type</code> ã¡ãœãããš <code>set_type</code> ã¡ãœãããããããã£ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããŠããŸããããã«ãããå±æ§ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãã¡ãœããåŒã³åºãã®ããã«èŠããŸãã
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
=== C# ===
C#ã¯ãã€ã¯ããœããã«ããéçºããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ã匷åãªåã·ã¹ãã ãšè±å¯ãªæ©èœããããŸããWindowsã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãWebéçºã«é©ããŠããã.NETãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšçµ±åãããŠããŸããé«ãçç£æ§ãšå®å
šæ§ãæäŸãã倧èŠæš¡ãªãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ã圢æãããŠããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=c#>
using System;
// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©
public abstract class Vehicle
{
// ããããã£
public string Type { get; set; }
// ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
public Vehicle(string type)
{
Type = type;
}
// ã¡ãœããïŒæœè±¡ã¡ãœããïŒ
public abstract void Start();
// ã¡ãœãã
public abstract void Drive();
}
// ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹
public class Car : Vehicle
{
// ããããã£
public string Brand { get; set; }
// ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
public Car(string type, string brand) : base(type)
{
Brand = brand;
}
// ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
public override void Start()
{
Console.WriteLine($"The {Type} is starting.");
}
// ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
public override void Drive()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Driving the {Type} car from {Brand}.");
}
}
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
public class Program
{
public static void PerformDrive(Vehicle vehicle)
{
vehicle.Drive();
}
public static void Main()
{
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
Car myCar = new Car("Sedan", "Toyota");
// ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
myCar.Start();
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
PerformDrive(myCar);
}
}
</sytaxhighlight>
; ã¯ã©ã¹ (Class): <code>Vehicle</code> ããã³ <code>Car</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®èšèšå³ã§ãããå±æ§ãšã¡ãœãããå®çŸ©ããŸãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ã (Object): <code>myCar</code> 㯠<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ãå®è¡æã«ã¡ã¢ãªäžã«ååšããå®äœã§ãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ããçæããããã®ã§ãã
; ãããã㣠(Property): <code>Type</code> ããã³ <code>Brand</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹å
ã®ããããã£ã§ããããããã£ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ç¶æ
ãè¡šããå€éšããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããããšããããŸãã
; ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿: <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãš <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã«ã¯ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®åæåãæ
åœããŸãã
; ç¶æ¿ (Inheritance): <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> 㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã®ã¡ãœãããããããã£ãç¶æ¿ããŸãã
; ã¡ãœãã (Method): <code>Start</code> ã¡ãœããããã³ <code>Drive</code> ã¡ãœãããªã©ãã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§å®çŸ©ãããæ¯ãèããæäœãã¡ãœãããšããŠå®è£
ãããŠããŸãã
; æœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãšæœè±¡ã¡ãœãã: <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã«ã¯æœè±¡ã¡ãœãã <code>Start</code> ããã³ <code>Drive</code> ããããŸããæœè±¡ã¯ã©ã¹ãšæœè±¡ã¡ãœããã¯ãç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹ã§å¿
ããªãŒããŒã©ã€ããããã¹ãã¡ãœããã瀺ããŸãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã (Polymorphism): <code>PerformDrive</code> ã¡ãœãããããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠããŸãããã®ã¡ãœãã㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãåŒæ°ãšããŠåãåãããã® <code>Drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸããããã«ãããå®éã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®åã«é¢ä¿ãªãåãã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸãã
ãããã®èŠçŽ ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ååã«åŸã£ãŠãããæè»æ§ãšåå©çšæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
== ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª ==
ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®æŠå¿µãååšããããªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥è€è£œããŠæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããææ³ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã以äžã¯ã代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®ç¹åŸŽã§ãã
;ãããã¿ã€ãã®å®çŸ©:ããã°ã©ãã¯äºåã«ãããã¿ã€ããšãªããªããžã§ã¯ããå®çŸ©ããŸãããã®ãããã¿ã€ããåºãšãªããæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ãããè€è£œããããšã§çæãããŸãã
;ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®è€è£œ:æ¢åã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥è€è£œããŠæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããäœæããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãããã¿ã€ãã®ã¡ãœãããããŒã¿ãæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ãã«ãå«ãããã®ã§ãã
;ç¶æ¿ïŒãããã¿ã€ãã®ãã§ãŒã³ïŒ:ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ããããçæãããããã¿ã€ããšã®é¢é£æ§ãä¿ã¡ãŸããããã«ããããããã¿ã€ãã®å€æŽããããè€è£œããå
šãŠã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
;ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã :ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®èšèªã§ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ããµããŒãããããšãã§ããŸããåãã¡ãœããåãæã€è€æ°ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããç°ãªãæ¯ãèãã瀺ãããšããããŸãã
;ã«ãã»ã«å:ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ã¢ãããŒãã§ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥ããŒã¿ãã¡ãœãããä¿æãããããã«ãã»ã«åã®æŠå¿µã¯ååšããŸãããã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãããªå³å¯ãªåºåãã¯ãããŸããã
代衚çãªãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã¯ãJavaScriptãLuaãªã©ããããŸãã
=== JavaScript ===
JavaScriptã¯è»œéãã€æè»ãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãåºãWebããŒãžã®åçãªæäœã«æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããã€ãã³ãé§ååã§éåæåŠçã«åŒ·ã¿ãæã¡ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãé¢æ°åããµããŒãããŠããŸããäž»ã«ãã©ãŠã¶äžã§ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããµã€ãéçºã«äœ¿ãããã»ãããµãŒããŒãµã€ã(Node.js)ã§ãå©çšå¯èœã§ãå€åœ©ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãæŽåãããŠããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=js>
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°
function Vehicle(type) {
return {
type: type,
start: function() {
console.log(`The ${this.type} is starting.`);
}
};
}
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°ïŒç¶æ¿ïŒ
function Car(type, brand) {
const vehicle = Vehicle(type);
return Object.assign(vehicle, {
brand: brand,
drive: function() {
console.log(`Driving the ${this.type} car from ${this.brand}.`);
}
});
}
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
function performDrive(vehicle) {
vehicle.drive();
}
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
const myCar = Car("Sedan", "Toyota");
// ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
myCar.start();
// ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
performDrive(myCar);
</sytaxhighlight>
; ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°: <code>Vehicle</code>é¢æ°ã¯ãæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããããã®ãã¡ã¯ããªãŒé¢æ°ã§ãã<code>Vehicle</code> çžåœã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããçæããŸãã
; ãããã¿ã€ããªããžã§ã¯ã: <code>Vehicle</code>é¢æ°å
ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããªãã©ã«ã <code>Vehicle</code> çžåœã®ãããã¿ã€ããªããžã§ã¯ãã§ãããã㯠<code>type</code> ããããã£ãš <code>start</code> ã¡ãœãããæã¡ãŸãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæé¢æ°ïŒç¶æ¿ïŒ: <code>Car</code>é¢æ°ããã¡ã¯ããªãŒé¢æ°ã§ã<code>Car</code> çžåœã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããçæããŸãã<code>Object.assign</code>ã䜿çšã㊠<code>Vehicle</code> çžåœã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããç¶æ¿ããŸãã
; ãããã¿ã€ããã§ãŒã³: <code>Car</code>é¢æ°ã§çæããã <code>myCar</code> ãªããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã<code>Vehicle</code>ã§çæããããªããžã§ã¯ããç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããããããã¿ã€ããã§ãŒã³ã圢æããã<code>start</code> ã¡ãœãããå©çšå¯èœã§ãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš: <code>performDrive</code> é¢æ°ã¯ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠãããç°ãªããªããžã§ã¯ãã¿ã€ããåãå
¥ããããããã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºããŸãã
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãããã¿ã€ãããŒã¹ã®OOPã®åºæ¬çãªèŠçŽ ã掻çšããŠããããªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæãç¶æ¿ããããã¿ã€ããã§ãŒã³ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®æŠå¿µãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã
=== Lua ===
Luaã¯è»œéã§åã蟌ã¿å¯èœãªã¹ã¯ãªããèšèªã§ãé«ãæ¡åŒµæ§ãšæè»æ§ãåããŠããŸããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãã²ãŒã ãšã³ãžã³ã§å¹
åºãå©çšãããã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšè¿°ãå¯èœã§ããåçåä»ããšèªåã¬ããŒãžã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹é·ãšããCèšèªã«å®¹æã«çµ±åã§ããŸãã
:<sytaxhighlight lang=lua>
-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å®çŸ©ïŒããŒãã«ãçšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæš¡å£ïŒ
Vehicle = {}
Vehicle.__index = Vehicle
-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
function Vehicle.new(type)
local self = setmetatable({}, Vehicle)
self.type = type
return self
end
-- ã¡ãœãã
function Vehicle:start()
print("The " .. self.type .. " is starting.")
end
-- ç¶æ¿ã¯ã©ã¹
Car = setmetatable({}, {__index = Vehicle})
-- ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿
function Car.new(type, brand)
local self = setmetatable(Vehicle.new(type), Car)
self.brand = brand
return self
end
-- ã¡ãœããã®ãªãŒããŒã©ã€ã
function Car:drive()
print("Driving the " .. self.type .. " car from " .. self.brand .. ".")
end
-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
function performDrive(vehicle)
vehicle:drive()
end
-- ãªããžã§ã¯ãã®çæ
local myCar = Car.new("Sedan", "Toyota")
-- ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã¡ãœããã®åŒã³åºã
myCar:start()
-- ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã®å©çš
performDrive(myCar)
</sytaxhighlight>
; ã¯ã©ã¹ (Class): <code>Vehicle</code> ããã³ <code>Car</code> ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ããã«æ¯ãèããŸããããŒãã«ãçšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåçãªæŠå¿µãæš¡å£ããŠããŸãã
; ãªããžã§ã¯ã (Object): <code>myCar</code> 㯠<code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãã§ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã§ãã
; ã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ (Constructor): <code>new</code> é¢æ°ãã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ãšããŠæ©èœããæ°ãããªããžã§ã¯ããçæããŠåæåããŸãã
; ç¶æ¿ (Inheritance): <code>Car</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ã <code>Vehicle</code> ã¯ã©ã¹ãç¶æ¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã<code>Car</code> 㯠<code>Vehicle</code> ã®ããããã£ãšã¡ãœãããå
±æããŸãã
; ã¡ãœãã (Method): <code>start</code> ã¡ãœããããã³ <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœããã¯ã¯ã©ã¹å
ã§å®çŸ©ãããæ¯ãèããè¡šããŸãã
; ããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã (Polymorphism): <code>performDrive</code> é¢æ°ãããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã瀺ããŠããŸããããã«ãããç°ãªãã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããåãå
¥ããããããã® <code>drive</code> ã¡ãœãããåŒã³åºãæè»æ§ããããŸãã
Luaã§ã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ãçŽæ¥ãµããŒãããŠããªããããããŒãã«ãšã¡ã¿ããŒãã«ã䜿çšããŠãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µãè¡šçŸããŠããŸãã
== æ°èèšèªã«ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªãå°ãªãã®ã¯ãªãïŒ ==
æ°èèšèªã®å€ãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªãç©æ¥µçã«æ¡çšããªãçç±ã¯ããããã®èšèªãç¹å®ã®ç®æšãèšèšååã«åºã¥ããŠéçºããããã®èåŸã«ããå²åŠã䟡å€èŠ³ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãšã¯ç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã以äžã«ãGoãRustãHaskellãããã³Zigã®ããããã«ãããŠããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæ¡çšããªãçç±ã解説ããŸãã
;GoïŒGolangïŒ
:;ã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšèªèšèš:Goã¯ã·ã³ãã«ã§å¹ççãªèšèšãç®æããŠãããåé·æ§ãæé€ããŠçŽæçãªèšèªãæäŸããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®è€éãªæŠå¿µãæ©èœããGoã®èšèšå²åŠã«åèŽããªããšèããããŠããŸãã
:;ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®å°å
¥:Goã§ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ä»£æ¿ãšããŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãå°å
¥ããŠããŸããããã«ãããåãæœè±¡åããæè»ã§åå©çšå¯èœãªã³ãŒããå®çŸããŠããŸãã
;Rust
:;æææš©ã·ã¹ãã ã®éèŠ:Rustã¯ã¡ã¢ãªå®å
šæ§ã匷調ããæææš©ã·ã¹ãã ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãããã®èšèšã«ãããã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã®ãªãŒããŒããããæå°éã«æããé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãå®çŸããŠããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®äžè¬çãªã¢ãããŒããšã¯ç°ãªãæææš©ã¢ãã«ããRustã®ç¹åŸŽãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
:;ãã¬ã€ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽ»çš:Rustã§ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ä»£æ¿ãšããŠããã¬ã€ãã·ã¹ãã ã掻çšããŠããŸããããã«ãããåã«ã¡ãœãããè¿œå ããæè»æ§ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
;Haskell
:;çŽç²é¢æ°åèšèªã®æ§è³ª:Haskellã¯çŽç²é¢æ°åèšèªã§ãããå¯äœçšã®ãªãçŽç²ãªé¢æ°ãéèŠããŠããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µã¯ãå¯äœçšã®ããæäœãç¶æ
å€æŽã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠããããHaskellã®èšèšå²åŠãšã¯ç°ãªããŸãã
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[[ã«ããŽãª:ãªããžã§ã¯ãæå|*]] | 2005-08-31T18:20:34Z | 2024-01-16T23:55:20Z | [
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çŽ ã§ãããåšæã«é¢ããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ Hã¯ç¬¬äžåšæã§ããããªããŠã Liã¯ç¬¬äºåšæã§ãããNaã¯ç¬¬äžåšæã§ããã ä»ã®æã®å
çŽ ã§ããäŸãæãããé
žçŽ Oã¯ã16æã§ç¬¬äºåšæã®å
çŽ ã§ãããççŽ Cã¯14æã§ç¬¬2åšæã§ãããå¡©çŽ Clã¯17æå
çŽ ã§ç¬¬3åšæã§ããã
æãåãå
çŽ ã©ãããåæå
çŽ ãšãããããšãã°ãHãšLiãšNaãšKãšã«ããžãŠã Rbãšã»ã·ãŠã Csãšãã©ã³ã·ãŠã Frãšã¯ããäºãã«åæå
çŽ ã§ããã ä»ã®æã§ãäŸãæããã°ã14æã®ççŽ Cãš,ã·ãªã³ã³Si,ã²ã«ãããŠã Geãš,ããSnãš,éPbãšã¯ããäºãã«åæå
çŽ ã§ããã
1æã®åæå
çŽ ã®ãã¡ãæ°ŽçŽ Hãé€ããæ®ãã®å
çŽ ã®ãLiãšNaãšKãšã«ããžãŠã Rbãšã»ã·ãŠã Csãšãã©ã³ã·ãŠã Frããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±(alkali metals)ãšãããHã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã«ã¯å«ããªãã
2æå
çŽ ã®ãã¡ãããªãªãŠã Beãšãã°ãã·ãŠã Mgãé€ããæ®ãã®å
çŽ ã®ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã Ca,ã¹ããã³ããŠã Sr,ããªãŠã Ba,ã©ãžãŠã Raãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±(alkaline earth metal)ãšãããããªãªãŠã Beãšãã°ãã·ãŠã Mgã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã«ã¯å«ããªãã
17æã®å
çŽ ã®ããçŽ F,å¡©çŽ Cl,èçŽ Br,ãšãŠçŽ I,ã¢ã¹ã¿ãã³Atãããã²ã³å
çŽ (halogen)ãšããã
18æã®ããªãŠã He,ããªã³Ne,ã¢ã«ãŽã³Ar,ã¯ãªããã³Kr,ãã»ãã³Xe,ã©ãã³Rnãåžã¬ã¹å
çŽ (rare gas)ãšããã
3æãã11æã®å
çŽ ãé·ç§»éå±(ããããããã,transition metals)ãšããã é·ç§»éå±ã¯ã䟡é»åã®æ°ã1åãŸãã¯2åã§ããããšãå€ããæãšäŸ¡é»åæ°ãäžèŽããªãã
é·ç§»éå±ä»¥å€ã®å
çŽ ã§ããå
çŽ ã¯ã©ãã ãããã1æãš2æãš12æ~18æã®å
çŽ ãå
žåå
çŽ (main group element)ãšãããå
žåå
çŽ ã§ã¯ãæã®çªå·ã®1ã®äœã®æ°ããæå€æ®»é»åã®æ°ãšäžèŽããã
1æã®å
çŽ ãš2æã®å
çŽ ã¯éœã€ãªã³ã«ãªããããã 17æã®å
çŽ ã¯é°ã€ãªã³ã«ãªããããã 18æã®å
çŽ ã¯ååç©ãã€ããã¥ããã倩ç¶ã«ã¯åååã§ååšããã®ãäžè¬ã§ããã
ãªãæžåŒã«ã€ããŠãååçªå·ã®åæ°ãaãšããŠæ žåã®åæ°ãbãšããŠå
çŽ èšå·(HãHeãªã©)ãAããã°ããã®ååã a b {\displaystyle _{a}^{b}} A ã®ããã«æžãäºãããã
ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¯ããã€ã¯éå±ã§ãããã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¯éå±ãªã®ã§ãé»æ°ãããéãããªã®ã«ããŸã£ãã骚ããé»æ°ãéãããšãã話ãèããªãçç±ã¯ããã€ã¯åç©ã®éªšã®ãããªæåã¯ããªã³é
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšããååç©ã§ããã®ã§ãé»æ°ãéãã«ããã®ã§ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«éªšã¯çŽ°èã§ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç©è³ªã¯ãåå(ããããatom)ãšããåºæ¬æ§é ãçµã¿åãããããšã«ãã£ãŠæ§æãããŠããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å
çŽ ã¯ãçŸåšã§ã¯110çš®é¡ã»ã©ã§ããããããã®ãã¡çŽ90çš®é¡ã¯å€©ç¶ã«ååšããŠãããå
çŽ ãããããèšå·ã«ã¯ãã©ãã³èªåãªã©ã®é æåãã1æåãŸãã¯2æåããšã£ãå
çŽ èšå·(ãããããããsymbol of element)ã§è¡šããããå
çŽ èšå·ã®1æåç®ã¯å¿
ã倧æåã§ããã2æåç®ã¯å¿
ãå°æåã§ããã代衚çãªå
çŽ ã®å
çŽ èšå·ãå³ã®è¡šã«èšããã®ã§ãåèã«ããŠã»ããã詳ããå
çŽ èšå·ã®è¡šã¯ãå
çŽ èšå·(åšæè¡š)ã«æ²èŒããŠãããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
çŽ ã®ç¢ºèªæ¹æ³ã«ã¯ãããŸããŸãªæ¹æ³ãããããçè²åå¿ã§ç¢ºèªããããšãã§ãããããšãã°å¡©åãããªãŠã 氎溶液ãã€ããçœéç·ããŸãã¯æ°Žé
žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液ãã€ããçœéç·ããã¬ã¹ããŒããŒã®å€çã«åœãŠããšãé»è²ãçãåºãã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ããããªãŠã å
çŽ Na ã«ããçŸè±¡ã§ãããå¡©åãããªãŠã ãæ°Žé
žåãããªãŠã ããã©ã¡ãã®ç©è³ªãšããNa ãå«ãã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãç©è³ªãçã®äžã«å
¥ãããšãããã®ç©è³ªã«ç¹æã®è²ã®çãèŠãããçŸè±¡ãçè²åå¿(ãããããã¯ãã®ããflame reaction)ãšãããçè²åå¿ã®è²ã¯ãå
çŽ ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãã®ã§ãå
çŽ ã®çš®é¡ã調ã¹ããæã«çè²åå¿ã§å
çŽ ã®çš®é¡ã確èªããäºãã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããè±ç«ã®è²ã¯ãçè²åå¿ãå©çšãããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç³ç°æ°Ž(æ°Žé
žåã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液)ã¯ãäºé
žåççŽ ãå¹ã蟌ãŸããããšã§ãçœãæ²æ®¿ãããããã¯ãæ°Žã«äžæº¶ã® CaCO3 ãçºçããããã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äžé£ã®çŸè±¡ãå©çšããŠãããæ°äœäžã§ã®äºé
žåççŽ ã®æç¡ã確èªã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããç©è³ªãé
žåãããŠçãããæã«çºçããæ°äœããç³ç°æ°Žãçœãæ¿ãããã°ããã®ç©è³ªã«ã¯ççŽ ãå«ãŸããããšãå€å¥ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倧çç³ã«åžå¡©é
žãããããšæ°äœãçºçããããã®æ°äœããæ°Žé
žåã«ã«ã·ãŠã 氎溶液ã«ããããšãçœãæ²æ®¿ããããã®ããšããã倧çç³ã«ã¯ççŽ Cãå«ãŸããŠãããšãåããããªããçããçœè²æ²æ®¿ã¯çé
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é£å¡©æ°Ž(æ°Žé
žåãããªãŠã 氎溶液)ã«ç¡é
žé氎溶液ãå ãããšãçœè²æ²æ®¿(å¡©åé)ãçããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ²æ®¿åå¿ãå©çšããããšã§ããã氎溶液äžã«é Ag ãŸãã¯å¡©çŽ Cl ãå«ãŸããŠãããåŠããå€å¥ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°æ°Žãé»æ°å解ãããšãæ°ŽçŽ ãšé
žçŽ ã®æ°äœã2:1ã®æ¯ã§åé¢ãããæ°ŽçŽ ã ããããªãæ°äœãé
žçŽ ã ããããªãæ°äœãªã©ãäžã€ã®å
çŽ ã®ã¿ããæ§æãããŠããç©è³ªãåäœ(ãããããsimple substance)ãšããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäœã®äŸãããããšãããšãã°ãçŽç²ãªé
ã¯ãé
å
çŽ ã®ã¿ãããªãåäœã§ãããçŽç²ãªæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ°äœã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ å
çŽ ã®ã¿ãããªãåäœã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããæ°Žã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ãšé
žçŽ ãçµåããŠããããã®ããã«ã2çš®é¡ä»¥äžã®å
çŽ ããæãç«ã€ç©è³ªãååç©(compound)ãšããã æ°Ž(H2O)ã¯Hå
çŽ ãšOå
çŽ ãããªãååããæ§æãããŠããååç©ã§ãããä»ã«ããé
žåé
II(CuO)ããå¡©åã¢ã«ãããŠã (AlCl3)ãªã©ãååç©ã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®çš®é¡ãããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»éãšãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯ããšãã«ççŽ C ãããªãããè²ã»é»æ°äŒå°æ§ãªã©ãæ§è³ªãç°ãªãããã®ããã«ãããå
çŽ ã®åäœã©ããã§ãå
çŽ ã®çµã³ã€ãæ¹ãéãããã«æ§è³ªãéããã®ã®ããšãããããã«åçŽ äœ(ã©ãããããallotrope)ãšããã ããšãã°ãé»éã¯ãã€ã€ã¢ã³ãã®åçŽ äœã§ããããšãã£ãå
·åã«ããã®èšèã䜿çšãããåœç¶ãçµã¿åãããæ¹ãäžçš®é¡ãããªããããªå
çŽ ã«ã¯ãåçŽ äœã¯ç¡ãã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¡«é» S ã®åçŽ äœã«ã¯ãææ¹ç¡«é»(ããã»ã ããã)ãšåæç¡«é»(ããããããã)ããã³ãŽã ç¶ç¡«é»ããããææ¹ç¡«é»(ããã»ã ããã)ãšåæç¡«é»(ããããããã)ããã³ãŽã ç¶ç¡«é»ã¯ããããã¯ããããåäœã§ããããååŠçæ§è³ªãç°ãªãã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èµ€ãªã³(ãããªã³)ãšé»ãªã³(ãããªã³)ã¯ããªã³ P ã®åçŽ äœã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ãã«ãççŽ ã®åçŽ äœãšããŠããã©ãŒã¬ã³ãã«ãŒãã³ãããã¥ãŒããªã©ãç¥ãããŠãããããããã©ãŒã¬ã³ãªã©ã®èª¬æã«ã¯é«åºŠãªå°éæ§ãèŠããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯è©³çŽ°ã¯è¿°ã¹ãªãã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç©è³ªã¯ãç©ççæäœ(å©ããåŒã£åŒµãããéããããšãã£ãæäœ)ã«ãã£ãŠãããããå°ããæ§æãã¿ãŒã³ã«åããããšãã§ããªããããªãã¿ãŒã³ã®éãŸãã ãšèãããããããã§èšããã¿ãŒã³ãšã¯ãå
çŽ ã®çµã¿åããã®ããšã§ãããåäœãååç©ã¯ãç©ççãªæäœã ãã§ã¯ãã®æ§æãå€ããããšãã§ããªããäŸãã°ãæ°Žã¯èžçºãããŠãåãããŠãå©ããŠããéããŠããæ°Žã®ãŸãŸã§ãããããããé»æ°å解ãè¡ãããšã§æ°ŽçŽ ãšé
žçŽ ã«å解ã§ããããšã¯ãäžåŠæ ¡ã§åŠç¿ããéãã ãå
·äœçã«ã¯ãåè
ãç©ççæäœãåŸè
ãååŠçæäœãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã(â» æç§æžã«ã¯æžãããŠãªããã)å¡©åãããªãŠã ãã®ãã®ã¯çŽç©è³ªã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æµ·æ°Žã¯æ··åç©ã§ããã(â» æµ·æ°Žã®çµæã¯èŠããªããŠããããããŸãæµ·æ°Žã«ã¯é£å¡©(å¡©åãããªãŠã )ãå«ãŸããŠãã®ã§ããã®æç¹ã§ãã§ã«å¡©åãããªãŠã ãšæ°Žãšã®æ··åç©ãããã«æµ·æ°Žã«ã¯å¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŠããã®ã§ãããæ··åç©ã§ããã)",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "空æ°ã¯æ··åç©ã§ããããªããªãã空æ°ã«ã¯çªçŽ ãé
žçŽ ãªã©ãæ··ãã£ãŠããããã§ãããçªçŽ ãã®ãã®ã¯çŽç©è³ªã§ãããé
žçŽ ãã®ãã®ã¯çŽç©è³ªã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çä¹³ã¯æ··åç©ãç³æ²¹ã¯æ··åç©ã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã€ã¢ã€ã¹ã¯çŽç©è³ªãæ°·(ããã)ã¯æ®éãçŽç©è³ªã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç²ãªé
(ã©ã)ã¯çŽç©è³ªã§ãã(åéãªã©ã¯é€å€ãã)ãçŽç²ãªéãã®ãã®ã¯çŽç©è³ªã§ãã(åéãªã©ã¯é€å€ãã)ãç¡«é»(ããã)ã¯çŽç©è³ªããšã¿ããŒã«ã¯çŽç©è³ªã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æ€å®æç§æžã«ã¯æžãããŠãªããã)ã»ãã«ããå¡©é
žã¯å¡©åæ°ŽçŽ (HCl)ãšæ°Ž(H2O)ã®æ··åç©ã§ãã(â» ãã£ãŒãåŒãªã©åèæžã§çŽ¹ä»)ã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(â» ãã£ãŒãåŒãªã©åèæžã§çŽ¹ä»)è±åŽå²©(ããããã)ãæ··åç©ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» çŽç©è³ªãšæ··åç©ã®åé¡ã®å®çŸ©ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãçŽèŠ³çãªç解ã§ãããŸããªããããããããç©è³ªãçŽç©è³ªãæ··åç©ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã£ãããšææ¡ãã¹ãã§ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§ã«åŠç¿ããåäœãååç©ãæ··åç©ã«ã€ããŠãŸãšãããå³åŽã«ã¯å
·äœäŸãšãªãç©è³ªãæããã®ã§ãåèã«ããŠã»ããã",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç©è³ªã®æ§æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åå(ããã)ã¯ãäžå¿ã«ããååæ ž(atomic nucleus)ãšããã®åšã(é»åæ®»ãelectron shell)ãé£ã³åãããã€ãã®é»å(electron,å³ã§ã¯é»è²)ãããªããååã®åœ¢ç¶ã¯ãçç¶ã®æ§é ã§ãã(åç¶ã§ã¯ãªããçç¶ã§ãã)ã(â» é»åæ®»(ã§ãããã)ã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸè¿°ããã)",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã«ç€ºããå³ã§èšãã°ãçãäžã®èµ€ãç²ãéœå(ããããproton)ãããªããçãäžã®é»ç·è²ã®ç²ãäžæ§å(ã¡ã
ãããããneutron)ããããããåšãã«ããé»è²ãç²ãé»åã§ãããå
šãŠã®ååã¯ããã®ãããªãååæ žã®åšãã«é»åããšããæ§é ãããŠãããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååæ žã¯ãäœåãã®éœå(ããããproton)ãšäœåãã®äžæ§å(ã¡ã
ãããããneutron)ãããªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã®å€§ããã¯ãã ãããååŸ 10 cm ã§ãã(= 100ååã®1ã¡ãŒãã« ãã€ãŸã 10 m )ãååæ žã¯ããã«å°ããååæ žã®å€§ããã¯ååŸ 10 m ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯å©(ã²ã)ãšããŠãååãããŒã çå Žã®å€§ããã«äŸãããšãååæ žã®å€§ããã¯1åçãããŒçã®å€§ããã«çžåœããããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã¯ããŸãã«å°ãããããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãªã©ãçšããªããã°åœ¢ç¶ã芳å¯ããããšãã§ããªããååæ žã¯ãæ£ã®é»è·(charge)ãæã£ãŠãããåºæ¬çã«ååæ žã¯å£ããªã(â» é«æ ¡ååŠã®æ®µéã§ã¯ããšãã«æãã®ãªãããããååæ žã¯å£ããªãããšããŠæ±ã£ãŠãã)ã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éœåãæã€é»è·ã¯ãé»åãæã€é»æ°ãšå€§ãããåãã§ã笊å·ãå察ã§ãããååŠåŒãªã©ã§ã¯äžè¬ã«ãé»åã®é»è·ã®å€§ãããæå°åäœãšããŠè¡šããã€ãŸããé»åã®é»è·ã -1 ãšããŠè¡šãããã®ãããéœåã®é»è·ã +1 ãšããŠè¡šãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ§åã¯é»è·ãæããªããäžæ§åã®é»è·ã¯ 0 ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã«å«ãŸããéœåã®æ°ãååçªå·(ãããã°ããããatomic number)ãšãããå
çŽ ããšã«ãéœåã®æ°ã¯æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã€ãŸãå
çŽ ã決ãŸãã°ãååçªå·ã決ãŸããããšãã°æ°ŽçŽ ã¯éœåã1åæã€ã®ã§ãæ°ŽçŽ ã®ååçªå·ã¯1ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååæ žäžã§ã®ãé»åã®æ°ãšéœåã®æ°ã¯ãåãã§ããããã£ãŠååæ žã¯ãå
šäœãšããŠã¯é»è·ããããªãããã£ãŠååæ žã¯é»æ°çã«äžæ§ã§ããã ãŸããéœåã®è³ªéãšäžæ§åã®è³ªéã¯ãã»ãŒåãã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»åã®è³ªéã¯ãéœåã®çŽ 1 1840 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{1840}}} åã§ããããã£ãŠååã®è³ªéã¯ãã»ãŒååæ žã®è³ªéã«ãªãããããŠãéœå1åã®è³ªéãšäžæ§å1åã®è³ªéã¯ã»ãŒåãã§ãããããåå1åã§ã®ãéœåæ°ãšäžæ§åæ°ãšã®åãã質éæ°(ãã€ããããããmass number)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããããå
çŽ ã®åå1åãããã®è³ªéã¯ãååæ ž1åäžã®éœåãšäžæ§åã®è³ªéæ°ã®åã«ãæ¯äŸããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
·äœäŸãšããŠãéåžžã®æ°ŽçŽ H ã®è³ªéæ°ã¯1ã§ãããéåžžã®æ°ŽçŽ ã®ååæ žã¯ãéœå1åã®ã¿ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžã®ããªãŠã He ã®è³ªéæ°ã¯4ã§ããããªããªãéåžžã®ããªãŠã ã®ååæ žã¯ãéœå2åãšäžæ§å2åãããªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããå
çŽ èšå·ã®è³ªéæ°ãè¡šãå Žåã He 4 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^4 He}}} ã®ããã«ãååã®å·Šäžã«å°ããæžããŠç€ºã(äŸã§ã¯ããªãŠã ãäŸã«ãã)ã ååçªå·ãæžãå Žåã¯ã He 2 4 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {_2^4 He}}} ã®ããã«ãå·Šäžã«ååçªå·ãæžããå·Šäžã«è³ªéæ°ãæžãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "質éæ°ã¯ãããŸã§ãéœåãšäžæ§åã®åæ°ã®åã§ããã質éãã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšã«æ³šæãå¿
èŠã§ãããããã«èšãã°ãããã質éæ°ã¯ãããŸã§ææšã§ãããå®éã®è³ªéã¯å³å¯ã«ã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倩ç¶ã«ååšããæ°ŽçŽ ååã®å€§éšåã¯ãååæ žãéœå1åã ããããªã H 1 1 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^1_1 H}}} ã§ããããæ°ŽçŽ ã«ã¯ããã®ä»ã«ãéœå1åãšäžæ§å1åãããªã H 1 2 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^2_1 H}}} ãå°éãªããååšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãååçªå·ãåãã§ã質éæ°ãç°ãªãååã®ããšãããããã«åäœäœ(ã©ãããããisotope)ã§ãããšããããããã¯åäœäœã®ããšãã¢ã€ãœããŒã(isotope)ãšãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°ŽçŽ ã®åäœäœã«ã¯ãããã« H 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^3_1 H}}} ãããããããã«ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããåäœäœããšããååããåçŽ äœããšäŒŒãŠããããç°ãªãæŠå¿µãªã®ã§ãæ··åããªãããã«èªè
ã¯æ³šæã®ããšã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "H 1 2 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^2_1 H}}} ã®ããšãéæ°ŽçŽ (ãã
ãããã)ãšããããŸã H 1 3 {\\displaystyle {\\ce {^3_1 H}}} ã®ããšãäžéæ°ŽçŽ ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åäœäœã©ããã¯è³ªéãç°ãªãããååŠåå¿ãªã©ã®ååŠçæ§è³ªã¯ã»ãŒåãã§ããããªããªããååæ žã«å«ãŸããéœåã®æ°ãåãã ããã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ççŽ Cã®ä»£è¡šçãªåäœäœã«ã¯ãC ãšC ãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ççŽ Cã®åäœäœã«ã¯Cãååšããå Žåããããããã®Cã¯äžå®å®ã§ãããããã«åŽ©å£(ã»ããã)ããŠè³ªéæ°ãå€ãã£ãŠããŸããååæ žãå£ãããšããäžè¬ã«æŸå°ç·ãã ãã®ã§ãäžå®å®ãªåäœäœãå£ãããšããæŸå°ç·ãåºããCã厩å£ãããšãã«æŸå°ç·ãåºãã Cã®ãããªãããã«åŽ©å£ããŠæŸå°ç·ãåºãåäœäœãæŸå°æ§åäœäœ(ã»ãããããã©ãããããã©ãžãªã¢ã€ãœããŒã,radioisotope)ãšããã ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®å®ããŠååšã§ããåäœäœãå®å®åäœäœ(stable Isotope)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åååçºé»æã®ååçå
ã§ã¯ã質éæ°3ã®æ°ŽçŽ Hãååšããããã®æ°ŽçŽ Hãäžéæ°ŽçŽ (ãããã
ãããããtritium ããªããŠã )ãšãããHã¯æŸå°æ§åäœäœã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããã¹ãŠã®å
çŽ ã«ãèªç¶çã§åäœäœãååšããããã§ã¯ãªãã Be,F,Na,Al,P,Sc,Mnãªã©ã«ã¯ã倩ç¶ã«ã¯åäœäœã¯ååšããªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŸå°æ§åäœäœã®æŽ»çšãšããŠã¯ãååŠåå¿ã®ããã¿ã远跡ãããšãã«å©çšããããã»ãã«ãã幎代枬å®ãªã©ã«ãå©çšãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããæŸå°æ§ã«é¢ããçšèªãšããŠãæŸå°ç·ãåºãæ§è³ªã®ããšããæŸå°èœã(radioactivity)ãšãããæŸå°ç·ãåºããªã©ããŠãååãä»ã®ååã«å€ããããšãã厩å£ããšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååããšã«ãååæ žãå€ãããŸã§ã®ãã ãããã®æéãç°ãªããååã®éã®ååæ žãå€ãããŸã§ã®æéãåæžæ(ã¯ãããããhalf life)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Cã®åæžæã¯5830幎ã§ãããäŸãã°Cã®éãå
ã®1/8ã«ãªã£ãŠãããªã 1/8=(1/2)ãªã®ã§5830Ã3=17490幎çµéããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åååå·¥æ¥ãªã©ã§ããã軜氎ã(ãããã)ãšã¯ãéæ°ŽçŽ ãå«ãŸãªãæ®éã®æ°Žã®äºã§ããã(â» åèæç®: é»æ°åŠäŒãé»æ°åŠäŒå€§åŠè¬åº§ çºé»å·¥åŠ ãæ¹èšçããã2015幎æ¹èšç) åååå·¥æ¥ã®åéã§ã¯ãéæ°ŽçŽ ãå«ãã§ããŠæ®éã§ãªãæ°Žã®ããšããéæ°Žã(ãã
ããã)ãšåŒãã§ãããåååå·¥æ¥ã®çšèªã§ã¯ããéæ°Žãã«å¯ŸããŠãæ®éã®æ°ŽçŽ ã®ååã«ãã£ãŠåºæ¥ãæ°Žã®ããšãã軜氎ããšåŒãã§ãåååå·¥æ¥ã§ã¯åºå¥ããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåååã®åéããæŸå°æ§åäœäœãã€ãã£ãååŠåæã®åéã§ã¯ãäžè¬ã®æ°ŽçŽ åå 1 H {\\displaystyle _{1}^{}\\mathrm {H} } ããéæ°ŽçŽ ããšåºå¥ããããã«ãäžè¬ã®æ°ŽçŽ åå 1 H {\\displaystyle _{1}^{}\\mathrm {H} } ã®ããšããè»œæ°ŽçŽ ããšããå Žåãããã(â» åèæç®: ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ç€Ÿãå·¥åŠã®ããã®ç¡æ©ååŠ æ°èšçããæ©æ¬åæã»ãèã2016幎æ°èšç¬¬1çã118ããŒãž) ã ãããã£ããŠæ®éã®æ°ŽçŽ 1 H {\\displaystyle _{1}^{}\\mathrm {H} } ãšã¯å¥ã«ãè»œæ°ŽçŽ ããªããŠå
çŽ ãããããã§ã¯ãªããæ®éã®æ°ŽçŽ åå 1 H {\\displaystyle _{1}^{}\\mathrm {H} } ãéæ°Žãšã®åºå¥ã®ããã«ãè»œæ°ŽçŽ ããšåŒãã§ããã ãã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã®æ§é ã®ãã¡ãé»åã䞊ãã§ããååæ žã®åšãã®éšåã«ã€ããŠããã詳ããèŠãŠãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é»åæ®»ã¯äœéãã«ããããŠãããå
åŽããKæ®»(ã±ãŒãããK shell)ãLæ®»(ãšã«ãããL shell)ãMæ®»(M shell)ã......ãšåŒã¶ãããããã®å±€ã«å
¥ãããšã®ã§ããé»åã®æ°ã¯æ±ºãŸã£ãŠããããã®æ°ä»¥äžã®é»åãäžã€ã®å±€ã«å
¥ãããšã¯ç¡ããããšãã°ãKæ®»ã«å
¥ãããšã®ã§ããé»åã®æ°ã¯2ã€ãŸã§ã§ããããŸããé»åã¯ååçã«å
åŽã®å±€ããé ã«å
¥ã£ãŠãããM殻以éã§ã¯äŸå€ãããããé«çåŠæ ¡ã®ååŠã§ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠã¯æ±ããªããå
åŽããæ°ããŠnçªç®ã®é»åæ®»ã«å
¥ãããšã®ã§ããé»åã®æ°ã¯ãæ倧2nãŸã§ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããã¡ã°ãå€åŽã®é»åæ®»ã«ããé»åãæå€æ®»é»å(ãããããã ã§ãããoutermost-shell electron)ãšãããããååãšããååãšã®æ¥ç¹ããå®éã«ã¯é»åæ®»ã§ãããããååã®çµåã®ä»æ¹ãªã©ã¯ãã®æå€æ®»é»åã®åæ°ãéèŠã«ãªã£ãŠãããããååã§ã®æå€æ®»é»åã®æ°ã䟡é»å(ãã§ãããvalence electron)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã
ã®ååã®é»åã®ãé»åæ®»ãžã®é
åã®ä»æ¹ãé»åé
眮 (ã§ããã¯ãã¡ãelectron configuration)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãŠã ãããªã³ã¯ãå®å®ããŠãããååç©ãã€ããã¥ãããããªãŠã ã¬ã¹ã¯ãååããŠãªãããªãŠã ååãæ°äœãã®ãã®ã®æåã§ãããååååç©ã§ã¯ãªããåæ§ã«ããªã³ã¬ã¹ãååã®æ°äœã§ãããååã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãŠã ã®é»åé
眮ã¯ãKæ®»ã«2åããã¶ã®é»åãé
眮ãããŠããŠãå®å®ããŠããã®ã§ããã®ãããªååŠçå®å®ãããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ãããªã³ã®é»åé
眮ã¯ãLæ®»ã«8åããã¶ã®é»åãé
眮ãããŠãã®ã§ãå®å®ããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãæå€æ®»ã«ãã以äžé»åãå
¥ãããšã®ã§ããªãç¶æ
ãéæ®»(ãžããã)ãšãããéæ®»ã«ãªã£ãŠããååã®äŸ¡é»åã®åæ°ã¯0ã§ãããšçŽæããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããããªãŠã ãããªã³ãã¢ã«ãŽã³ãªã©ã®ååã®ããšãåžã¬ã¹(ãã¬ã¹ãNoble gases)ååãšãããåžã¬ã¹ååã¯ãã»ãã®ååãšã¯ååãããåžã¬ã¹ã©ãããšãååããŠããããåžã¬ã¹ãã®ãã®ãååãšåæ§ã«å®å®ããŠãµããŸãã®ã§ããåååååã(ããããã ã¶ãããmonoatomic molecule)ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã®æ§é ãç解ããå©ããšããŠãããããå
ã«ãªã£ãŠå¿
èŠã«ãªã£ãŠããæŠå¿µã§ããé»è·ãšããèšèã«ã€ããŠã¯ãããã§ç°¡åãªèª¬æãå ããŠããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é»è·ãšããæŠå¿µã¯ãé«çåŠæ ¡ç©çãªã©ã§ãæ±ããé»è·ãæã£ãç²åãã©ã®ãããªæ¯ãèãããããã«ã€ããŠèå³ãæã£ããªãããã¡ããåèã«ãããšè¯ãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»è·ãæã£ãç²åã¯åºæ¬çã«æ¬¡ã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãŠãããããããç¥ã£ãŠããã°ãé«çåŠæ ¡ã®ååŠã«ãããŠã¯ååã§ãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããååæ žã«éœåã3ã€å«ãŸããŠãããšããååæ žå
šäœã®é»è·ã¯",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšè¡šããããããã«ããã®ååæ žã®åšãã«é»åã3ã€åã£ãŠãããªãã°ãååå
šäœã®é»è·ã¯ã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã¯ãååå
šäœã§ã¯é»è·ãæã£ãŠããªããšããããšã§ããããã®ããšãããå©çšããã°ãååå
šäœã®é»è·ããååã®å称ãªã©ãããããã«ããã€ã®éœåãé»åãå«ãŸããŠããããèšç®ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«æ ¡ã®ãç©çãã§ç¿ãé»æ°ã®å
容ã ãã§ã¯ãååŠã§ã®äŸ¡é»åã®ãµããŸããªã©ãç解ããããšã¯ã§ããªããã ããé«æ ¡çã¯ãç©çãšã¯å¥ã«ãååŠã®çè«ãèŠããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããšãã°ãããªããé»åã«ã¯Kæ®»ãLæ®»ãªã©ãšãã£ãé»åæ®»(ã§ãããã)ãããã®ã?ããªã©ãšãã£ãåºæ¬çãªåããããé«æ ¡ç©çã®é»æ°ã»ç£æ°ã®ç¥èã§ã¯èª¬æäžå¯èœã§ãããååã©ããã®çµåã®èµ·ããçç±ãããé«æ ¡ç©çã§ã¯ã説æäžå¯èœã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é»åæ®»ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãéåååŠã®ä»¥åã§ããåšæè¡šã19äžçŽã«ã¡ã³ãã¬ãŒãšãã«ãã£ãŠçºèŠãããããšããããŸããŸãªå®éšçµæã«ãã£ãŠãé»åæ®»ã®ãããªãçŸè±¡ãååšããããšã¯ã19äžçŽãã(1800幎~1900幎ãã)ããåãã£ãŠãããã ããã§ã¯ãªãããã®ãããªé»åæ®»ãšãã£ãä»çµã¿ãããã®ããéåååŠã®ä»¥åã¯ããŸã åãããªãã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåååŠã®ä»¥åã§ããé»æ°å解ãªã©ã®å®éšã«ãã£ãŠãååŠåå¿ã«ã¯é»åãé¢ããããšã¯åãã£ãŠããããåšæè¡šãªã©ãããååã®ãã€é»åã®æ°ãåãã£ãŠãããååæ žã«éœåãäžæ§åã®ãããªç©ãããããšããååã®é»åè»éäžã«ãã€é»åãšãååã®è³ªéã®åæãããåãã£ãŠãããããããã§ã¯ãªããååæ žã®ãã€éœåãäžæ§åã®æ°ãããã®ãããªæ°ã«æ±ºãŸãã®ãããŸã£ãããã£ãŠçç±ãäžæã ã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãšãã£ã©ãã¯æ¹çšåŒã®è§£æ³ã¯ããšãŠãé£è§£ã§ãããé«æ ¡ã¬ãã«ãé¥ãã«è¶ããé£åºŠã§ãçç³»ã®å€§åŠåŠéšã®é«åŠå¹Ž~倧åŠé¢ã¬ãã«ã§ãããããããæ°åŠãç©çãååŠãå°éã«ããåŠç§ã®å€§åŠçã®å Žåã§ã倧åŠé«åŠå¹Ž~倧åŠé¢ã§ããã£ãšã解ãããšããã¬ãã«ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãã®å€§åŠçã®åãã倧åŠã®ææ¥ã§ã¯ã倧åŠ1幎~2幎ã§ã®ååŠã®ææ¥ã§ãåŠçãç解ãããããå
ã«ãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒã»ãã£ã©ãã¯æ¹çšåŒã«ãã£ãŠ20äžçŽã®ååŠè
ãåãã£ãçµæãç¿ããåŠçã¯çµæãéµåã¿ããããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãŠããäžè¬ã®é«æ ¡çã«ã¯ãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒãªã©ã«ããååŠåå¿ã®èšŒæã¯æãè¿œããªãã®ã§ãã·ã¥ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒæ¹çšåŒããã³ãã£ã©ãã¯æ¹çšåŒã«æ·±å
¥ãããŠã¯ãªããªãã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§åŠæè¡ã®æŽå²çã«ããç©çåŠã«ãããŠãçŸä»£ã®ãããªãååãé»åã«ããšã¥ãååŠåå¿ã®ä»çµã¿ãåãã£ãã®ã¯ãã ãã¶åŸã®æ代ã§ããã1900幎ãããããããéåååŠãçžå¯Ÿæ§çè«ãªã©ã®åŠåãçºéããŠããã§ããã1800幎代ãŸã§ã¯ããããããååãããååããšãã£ããã®ãååšãããšããããšã®èšŒæããããšãŠãé£ããã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã1800幎代ããã®æã¯ãååãšååãšã®åºå¥ããããŸã ãããŸãåºå¥ãããŠãªããŠãæ··åãããŠããæ代ã ã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãã®ç« ã®ä»¥éã§è©±ããååã®ä»çµã¿ã«ã€ããŠããåæ§ã«ãé«æ ¡ç©çã®é»æ°ã®ç¥èã§ã¯ã説æã§ããªããéåååŠãããåã®æã¯ãååŠã§ã®ååã®ä»çµã¿ãããªãããããªãã®ã?ããåãããªãã£ãã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã ãããé«æ ¡çã¯ãå
ã«çµæãèŠããå¿
èŠãããã",
"title": "ååã®æ§é ãšå
çŽ ã®åšæè¡š"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååã®ååŠåå¿çãªæ§è³ªã¯ããã®ååã®ååæ žã«å«ãŸããéœåã®æ°ã§æ±ºãŸãããªããªããé»åæ®»äžã®é»åããååŠåå¿ã§ã¯åªä»(ã°ããã)ã«ãªãã®ã ããé»åæ®»äžã®ãã®é»åã®æ°ã¯ãååæ žäžã®éœåã®æ°ãšãåãã ããã§ããããã®ããååçªå·ã®å®çŸ©ããéœåã®æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããšã¯ãåççã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ã¯ãå
çŽ ã®åé¡ãã€ãŸãååãã©ã®å
çŽ ã«å±ããããšããå€æã¯ããã®ååã®ååæ žã«å«ãŸããéœåã®æ°ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãæ°ŽçŽ (H)ã«å±ããååã®å Žåãããã«å«ãŸããéœåã®æ°ã¯å¿
ã1åã§ãããåãããã«ãççŽ (C)ã«å±ããååã®ååæ žã«ã¯ãå¿
ã6åã®éœåãå«ãŸããŠãããéã«ãããååã®ååæ žã«éœåã6åå«ãŸãããªãããã®ååã¯ççŽ ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
çŽ ãååçªå·ã®é ã«äžŠã¹ããšãæ§è³ªã®ãã䌌ãå
çŽ ãåšæçã«çŸããããšããã(äŸ:1䟡ã®éœã€ãªã³(âé«çåŠæ ¡ååŠII/ååŠçµå)ã«ãªããããç©è³ª......3Liã11Naã19Kããªã©ããããŸã§ã¯8åééã§çŸããŠãã)ããã®ããšãå
çŽ ã®åšæåŸ(periodic law)ãšããããŸããå³ã®ãããªè¡šããåšæè¡š(periodic table)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
çŽ ãååçªå·ã®é ã«äžŠã¹ãŠããã€åšæåŸã«äœµããŠé
åããè¡šã®ããšãåšæè¡šãšãããåšæè¡šã®çžŠã®åãæ(group)ãšãããåæå
ã§ã¯æ§è³ªã®ãã䌌ãå
çŽ ã䞊ã¶ãåšæè¡šã®æšªã®åãåšæ(period)ãšåŒã³ãåšæã®çªå·ã¯é»åæ®»ã®æ°ãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãã¯ã1æãã18æãŸã§ã®ãåèš18åãããããåšæãã¯ã1æãã7æãŸã§ããçŸåš(2013幎ã«æ¬æãå·çã)ã§ã¯ç¢ºèªãããŠããã å
·äœäŸãããã€ãæãããšãæã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ HãšãªããŠã LiãšãããªãŠã Naãšã«ãªãŠã Kã¯ããšãã«1æã®å
çŽ ã§ãããåšæã«é¢ããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ Hã¯ç¬¬äžåšæã§ããããªããŠã Liã¯ç¬¬äºåšæã§ãããNaã¯ç¬¬äžåšæã§ããã ä»ã®æã®å
çŽ ã§ããäŸãæãããé
žçŽ Oã¯ã16æã§ç¬¬äºåšæã®å
çŽ ã§ãããççŽ Cã¯14æã§ç¬¬2åšæã§ãããå¡©çŽ Clã¯17æå
çŽ ã§ç¬¬3åšæã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãåãå
çŽ ã©ãããåæå
çŽ ãšãããããšãã°ãHãšLiãšNaãšKãšã«ããžãŠã Rbãšã»ã·ãŠã Csãšãã©ã³ã·ãŠã Frãšã¯ããäºãã«åæå
çŽ ã§ããã ä»ã®æã§ãäŸãæããã°ã14æã®ççŽ Cãš,ã·ãªã³ã³Si,ã²ã«ãããŠã Geãš,ããSnãš,éPbãšã¯ããäºãã«åæå
çŽ ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1æã®åæå
çŽ ã®ãã¡ãæ°ŽçŽ Hãé€ããæ®ãã®å
çŽ ã®ãLiãšNaãšKãšã«ããžãŠã Rbãšã»ã·ãŠã Csãšãã©ã³ã·ãŠã Frããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±(alkali metals)ãšãããHã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã«ã¯å«ããªãã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2æå
çŽ ã®ãã¡ãããªãªãŠã Beãšãã°ãã·ãŠã Mgãé€ããæ®ãã®å
çŽ ã®ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã Ca,ã¹ããã³ããŠã Sr,ããªãŠã Ba,ã©ãžãŠã Raãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±(alkaline earth metal)ãšãããããªãªãŠã Beãšãã°ãã·ãŠã Mgã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã«ã¯å«ããªãã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "17æã®å
çŽ ã®ããçŽ F,å¡©çŽ Cl,èçŽ Br,ãšãŠçŽ I,ã¢ã¹ã¿ãã³Atãããã²ã³å
çŽ (halogen)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "18æã®ããªãŠã He,ããªã³Ne,ã¢ã«ãŽã³Ar,ã¯ãªããã³Kr,ãã»ãã³Xe,ã©ãã³Rnãåžã¬ã¹å
çŽ (rare gas)ãšããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3æãã11æã®å
çŽ ãé·ç§»éå±(ããããããã,transition metals)ãšããã é·ç§»éå±ã¯ã䟡é»åã®æ°ã1åãŸãã¯2åã§ããããšãå€ããæãšäŸ¡é»åæ°ãäžèŽããªãã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é·ç§»éå±ä»¥å€ã®å
çŽ ã§ããå
çŽ ã¯ã©ãã ãããã1æãš2æãš12æ~18æã®å
çŽ ãå
žåå
çŽ (main group element)ãšãããå
žåå
çŽ ã§ã¯ãæã®çªå·ã®1ã®äœã®æ°ããæå€æ®»é»åã®æ°ãšäžèŽããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1æã®å
çŽ ãš2æã®å
çŽ ã¯éœã€ãªã³ã«ãªããããã 17æã®å
çŽ ã¯é°ã€ãªã³ã«ãªããããã 18æã®å
çŽ ã¯ååç©ãã€ããã¥ããã倩ç¶ã«ã¯åååã§ååšããã®ãäžè¬ã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãæžåŒã«ã€ããŠãååçªå·ã®åæ°ãaãšããŠæ žåã®åæ°ãbãšããŠå
çŽ èšå·(HãHeãªã©)ãAããã°ããã®ååã a b {\\displaystyle _{a}^{b}} A ã®ããã«æžãäºãããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¯ããã€ã¯éå±ã§ãããã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã¯éå±ãªã®ã§ãé»æ°ãããéãããªã®ã«ããŸã£ãã骚ããé»æ°ãéãããšãã話ãèããªãçç±ã¯ããã€ã¯åç©ã®éªšã®ãããªæåã¯ããªã³é
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãšããååç©ã§ããã®ã§ãé»æ°ãéãã«ããã®ã§ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«éªšã¯çŽ°èã§ããã",
"title": "ååã«é¢ããè«žæŠå¿µ"
}
] | null | == ç©è³ªãšå
çŽ ==
=== ç©è³ªã®èŠçŽ ===
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"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
šãŠã®LaTeXããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯\\documentclass{...}ã³ãã³ãããå§ãŸããŸãããã®æ³¢æ¬åŒ§å
ã«ã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãšåŒã°ãããææžã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããªã©ãå®çŸ©ããŠãããã¡ã€ã«ãæå®ããŸããä»åã®å Žåãã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯articleã§ããããã¯çãããã¥ã¡ã³ãã®æžåŒã§ãè«æã®èšäºã«é¡äŒŒããŠããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\begin{...}ã¯\\end{...}ãšå¯Ÿå¿ããŠäœ¿ããç°å¢ãšåŒã°ããåºåãããããããŸããä»åã®å Žåãç°å¢ã¯documentã§ããããã¯ææžã®æ¬æã瀺ãéèŠãªç°å¢ã§ããã®äžã«ãããã®ãåºåãããŸãã\\begin{document}ããåã®è¡ãããªã¢ã³ãã«ãšåŒã³ãŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåã®æ®µèœã§ã\\ã«ç¶ã\\TeXã¯ã³ãã³ããšåŒã°ããæ§ã
ãªè¡šçŸãå¯èœã«ããŸãããã®ã³ãã³ãã¯TeXã®ããŽ(TeX)ã衚瀺ããŸãã\\\\ã¯åŒ·å¶æ¹è¡ãããã³ãã³ãã§ãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã®æ®µèœã§åŒ·å¶æ¹è¡ãããŠããã®ã§ãè¡é ã¯åäžããããã«åºåãããŸãã\\LaTeXã¯LaTeXã®ããŽ(LaTeX)ãåºåããã³ãã³ãã§ããè¡æ«ã«åŒ·å¶æ¹è¡ã®ã³ãã³ãããããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¬æã®çµããã瀺ããŸãããã以éã¯åºåãããŸããã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¶ããŠæ¥æ¬èªãæ±ã£ãææžãäœæããŸããæ¥æ¬èªãæ±ãããã«ã¯ pLaTeX /upLaTeXãå¿
èŠãšãªãããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãä¿åãããšãã¯æåã³ãŒãã«æ°ãã€ããªããã°ãªããŸããããŸãã¯ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãä¿åãããšãã«å¿
èŠãšãããæåã³ãŒãã調ã¹ãŠèŠãŸãããã以äžã®ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºåã®æåã®è¡ã«(utf8.uptex)ãšè¡šç€ºããããšæããŸããããã¯å©çšããçµçãœãã(ä»åã®å Žåã¯uplatex)ã«èšå®ããããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã«äœ¿çšããæåã³ãŒããšå
éšæåã³ãŒãã瀺ããŠããŸããäžèšã®äŸã§ã¯ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã«äœ¿çšããæåã³ãŒãã¯UTF-8ãå
éšæåã³ãŒãã¯uptexã瀺ããŠããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ä»¥äžã®å
容ããçµçãœããã«èšå®ãããæåã³ãŒããšåãã«ãªãããã«ãutf8.uptexã§ããã°UTF-8ã§ãtest2.texãšããŠä¿åããŠãã ããããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã®æåã³ãŒããçµçãœããã®èšå®ãšç°ãªããšãåºåçµæãæååããèµ·ããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»åã¯æ¥æ¬èªãæ±ã£ãŠããã®ã§ã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ã¯ujarticleãæå®ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã»ã©ãšåæ§ã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠã¿ãŸããããä»åã¯æ¥æ¬èªã®å«ãŸãããœãŒã¹ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããã®ã§ãã³ãã³ãã«ã¯uplatexã䜿çšããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŸãã³ã³ãã€ã«åºæ¥ãã°ãæåŸã®äºè¡ãäžã®ããã«åºåãããŸãããã¡ããåæ§ã«dvipdfmxã§PDFã«å€æããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»åã¯æ¥æ¬èªãå«ãã§ãããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸãããæ¥æ¬èªãå«ãææžäœæã®éãã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã«ã¯ujarticleãujreportãªã©ãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "TeXã§ã¯äžè¡ä»¥äžç©ºããªãæ¹è¡ã¯å
šãŠç¡èŠãããŸããã§ããããDVIãã¡ã€ã«ã®âããã«ã¡ã¯ãäžçãâãšâããã«ã¡ã¯ãTeXãâã¯åãè¡ã«åºåãããŠããŸããããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã§ç·šéããŠããéãäžè¡ãé·ããªããšå Žåã«ãã£ãŠã¯æšªã¹ã¯ããŒã«ãå¿
èŠãšãªããèŠããããæãªãããã®ã§é©åºŠã«æ¹è¡ããããšããããŸãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯æ®µèœãäœããããšãã¯ã©ãããã°è¯ãã®ã§ãããããäžã€ã¯è±èªã ãã®ææžãäœæããéã«å©çšããã\\\\ã³ãã³ãã§ãããããå
ã»ã©èª¬æãããšããã匷å¶æ¹è¡ã®åœä»€ãªã®ã§è¡é ã®åäžãã¯è¡ãããŸãããããã§ä»åã®ããã«ãäžè¡ç©ºããæ¹è¡ãè¡ããŸããããããããšã§æ°ããªæ®µèœãäœãããšãã§ããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "LaTeXãå§ãã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç« ã§ã¯ã¬ããŒããªã©ã®ææžãäœæããéã«å¿
èŠãšãªããè¡šçŽãç« ç«ãŠã®äœæãè¡ããŸããè«æã®äœæãäŸã«è©±ãé²ããŸãããã¬ããŒãã§ãåæ§ã«äœæ¥ãè¡ãªãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "TeXææžã®æåã«äœ¿çšãã\\documentclass{}ã³ãã³ãã¯ã倧æ¬åŒ§([ãš])ãçšããŠãªãã·ã§ã³ãæž¡ãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãããªãã·ã§ã³ãæå®ããããšã§ã现ããæå®ãããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®å
容ãclassoption.texãªã©ãšããä¿åããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¶ããŠã以äžã®ã³ãã³ãã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\documentclassã³ãã³ãã®äžæ¬åŒ§ã®åã«ã倧æ¬åŒ§ã§ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæå®ããããšãåºæ¥ãŸããçç¥ãããå Žåã¯ããã©ã«ãã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ãããããšã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã«ujarticle.clsã§æå®ã§ããæ®ã©ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãæ²èŒããŸããã«ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠãããã®ã¯ããã®ããããããéžæã§ããªããã®ã§ã(a4paperãša4jã®é
ç®ãåææå®äžå¯)ã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªã¢ã³ãã«ãšã¯ãããã±ãŒãžãç¬èªã®ãã¯ããå®çŸ©ããéã«çšããå Žæã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã±ãŒãžãšã¯ãå¥ã®TeXææžãããªã¢ã³ãã«ãžèªã¿èŸŒãããšã§ãåæç¶æ
ã§ã¯çšæãããŠããªããããªäŸ¿å©ãªæ©èœ(æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãã¯ããšåŒã°ããŸã)ãè¿œå ããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ããšã¯ãä»ãŸã§ã«çŽ¹ä»ãã\\TeXã³ãã³ããªã©ãäžåºŠåŒã³åºããšäžé£ã®åŠçãè¡ããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã¯ä»¥äžã®å
容ãpreamble.texãªã©ãšããä¿åããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ãŸã§éãã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸãããurlããã±ãŒãžãç¡ãå Žåã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªãšã©ãŒã衚瀺ãããŸãããšã©ãŒã衚瀺ãããããxãå
¥åããŠEnterããŒãæŒããŠçµäºããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\usepackage{}ã³ãã³ãã¯ãäžæ¬åŒ§ã«æå®ããããã¡ã€ã«åã«ãæ¡åŒµåã.styã®ãã¡ã€ã«ãèªã¿èŸŒãã³ãã³ãã§ãã\\newcommandã³ãã³ãã¯æ°ãã«ãã¯ããå®çŸ©ããã³ãã³ãã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ããªã¢ã³ãã«ãž\\usepackage{}ã³ãã³ãã®æžãæ¹ãèŠããã ãã§ååã§ãã\\newcommandã³ãã³ãã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã§ç解ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã®ã§ã詳ããã¯#å¿çšã§èª¬æããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«æã§ã¯æåã®ããŒãžã«ãè¡šé¡ãèäœè
ãªã©ãèšãããšãå€ããšæããŸããLaTeXã§ã¯æ¯èŒçç°¡åã«äœæããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®å
容ãmaketitle.texãªã©ãšããä¿åããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¶ããŠã以äžã®ã³ãã³ãã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ã¯ããã®äŸã«åºãŠããäž»èŠãªã³ãã³ãã®è§£èª¬ãããŸããã³ãã³ãåã倪åã®ãã®ã¯\\maketitleã䜿çšããéã«å¿
é ã®ã³ãã³ãã§ãçç¥ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\titleãš\\authorããããŠ\\dateã³ãã³ãã¯åŒæ°ãåãã³ãã³ãã§ããåŒæ°ã¯äŸã®éãã{ãš}ã®äžæ¬åŒ§ã§å²ã¿ãŸããäŸã§ã¯æ¬æã®éå§ãšåãããŒãžã«è¡šçŽãå°å·ããŸãããã1ããŒãžäœ¿ã£ãŠè¡šçŽãå°å·ãããå Žåã¯ã¯ã©ã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ã«titlepageãæå®ããŸããã€ãŸãã\\documentclass[titlepage]{ujarticle}ãšæžãã°ããã ãã§ããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®å
容ããabstract.texãšä¿åããŸãããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŠèŠã¯abstractç°å¢ãçšããŸããç°å¢ã¯ã\\begin{}ã³ãã³ããš\\end{}ã³ãã³ãã§å²ããã®ã§ãããabstractç°å¢ã§ã¯âæŠèŠâãšããæåã倪åã§å°å·ããæŠèŠã®æç« ã®å·Šå³ã«ç©ºçœã空ããŠå°å·ããŸããjsarticleã¯ã©ã¹ã§ã¯\\smallãµã€ãºã§å°å·ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "âæŠèŠâãšããæåãâèŠçŽâãªã©ã«å€æŽãããå Žåã¯ã#å¿çšã§è©³ãã説æããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®å
容ããtoc.texãšä¿åããŸãããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\tableofcontentsã³ãã³ãã䜿çšãããšãã¯ã3åçšåºŠã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\tableofcontentsã³ãã³ãã§ã¯ãã³ã³ãã€ã«æã«çæããã.tocãã¡ã€ã«ãåºã«ç®æ¬¡ãçæããŸãããã®.tocãã¡ã€ã«ã¯åŸè¿°ã®\\sectionã³ãã³ããªã©ã®æ
å ±ãæžãåºããŠãããã¡ã€ã«ã§ãåããŠã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«äœæ¥ã§ã¯.tocãã¡ã€ã«ããªããããç®æ¬¡ã¯çæãããŸããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸã2åç®ã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«ã§ç®æ¬¡ãæ¿å
¥ããããšç®æ¬¡ä»¥éã®æ¬æããããŠããŸãã2åã ãã§ã¯ç®æ¬¡ãšæ¬æã®ããŒãžçªå·ãåããªãå ŽåããããŸãã®ã§ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ã¯å°ãªããšã3åçšåºŠè¡ãªã£ãŠãã ããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«æã§ã¯è€æ°ã®âç« âãâç¯âãšããåºãŸããäœãããšã«ãªããšæããŸããããã§ã¯ãç« ç«ãŠã®ä»æ¹ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžã®å
容ããsection.texãªã©ã§ä¿åããŸãããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ãŸã§ãšåæ§ã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠã¿ãŸãããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äŸã§ã¯\\sectionã³ãã³ããš\\subsectionã³ãã³ãã®ã¿ã䜿ããŸããããåæ§ã®ã³ãã³ãã¯ä»¥äžã®è¡šã®éãã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â»\\chapter{}ã³ãã³ãã¯article, ujarticleã¯ã©ã¹ã§ã¯äœ¿çšã§ããŸããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç« ç«ãŠã³ãã³ãã¯èªåçã«ç« çªå·ãã€ããäžäœã¬ãã«ã®ã³ãã³ããèšè¿°ãããšçªå·ã¯åã³1ããå§ãŸããŸãããããã®ã³ãã³ãã¯ã\\sectionã«ç¶ããŠ\\subsubsectionãèšè¿°ããããšãã§ããŸãããææžã®è«çæ§é çã«æ£ãããªãã®ã§ã\\sectionã®æ¬¡ã¯\\subsection以äžã®ãã®ãèšè¿°ããããã«ããŸãããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç« çªå·ãä»ããã«ãç®æ¬¡ãžåºåããªãç« ãäœããããšãã¯ã©ãããã°ããã®ã§ãããããããã¯ç°¡åã§ãããããã®ã³ãã³ãåã®ããšã«ã¢ã¹ã¿ãªã¹ã¯(åè§ã®*)ãä»ããã ãã§ãã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çªå·ãåºåãããšãšãã«âç« âãšããæåãåºåãããããå Žåã¯ã#å¿çšãåç
§ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(stab)",
"title": "ææžæ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç« ã§ã¯æååã®èŠãç®ãå€æŽããã³ãã³ãã玹ä»ããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã©ã³ããµã€ãºã¯ããµã€ãºãå€æŽãããæååãäžæ¬åŒ§ã§å²ããæåã«å€æŽããã³ãã³ããèšè¿°ããŸããäžæ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãã§ããäžã«ãå¥ã®äžæ¬åŒ§ãå«ããå Žåã¯æãå
åŽãåªå
ãããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšä»¥å€ã®ãµã€ãºå€æŽã³ãã³ãã¯ä»¥äžã®è¡šã®éãã§ã(ujarticleã¯ã©ã¹)ãåã³ãã³ãã«ãããå®éã®ãã©ã³ããµã€ãºã¯ã\\documentclassã³ãã³ãã®ãªãã·ã§ã³çã§æå®ãããåºæºã®ãã©ã³ããµã€ãº(\\normalsize)ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "LaTeXã§æžäœãæ±ãéã以äžã®çš®é¡ã«åããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽã«èšè¿°ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ã以äžã®2çš®é¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "宣èšåã®èšè¿°ã§ã¯ãäžæ¬åŒ§ãçšããŠç¯å²ãæå®ããªãéãæåŸãŸã§å€æŽãããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¿ãªãã¯äœãšæäœã®éãã§ãããã€ã¿ãªãã¯äœã¯éåžžäœãåŸãã圢ã§ãã¶ã€ã³ããããã®ã䜿çšããã®ã«å¯Ÿããæäœã¯éåžžäœãç¡çç¢çåŸããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "宣èšåã§ã¯\\normalfontã³ãã³ããã³ãã³ãåã§ã¯\\textnormal{}ã³ãã³ãã¯éåžžã®æžäœèšå®(倧æµã¯å®£èšåèšè¿°ã§ã\\rmfamily\\mdseries\\upshape)ã«æ»ããŸãããŸã宣èšåèšè¿°æ¹æ³ã§ãã¿ã€ãã©ã€ã¿äœã\\ttã³ãã³ãã§èšè¿°ã§ããã·ã¹ãã ããããŸãããäºææ§ç¶æã®ããã®ã³ãã³ããªã®ã§äžã§ç€ºããã³ãã³ãã䜿ããŸãããã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¡ããªãŒãšã·ãªãŒãºãã·ã§ã€ãã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ããããããçµã¿åãããããšãå¯èœã§ããåãçš®é¡ã®ã³ãã³ããèšè¿°ãããšæåŸã®ãã®ãåªå
ãããŸãã",
"title": "æžåŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç« ã§ã¯ææžäœæã®äžã§æçšãªç°å¢ã§ãããç®æ¡æžãã幟ã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç®æ¡æžãã«ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãçš®é¡ããããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç®æ¡æžãã®æ§é ã¯ã\\begin{}ã³ãã³ãã§èŠãç®ã決å®ããç°å¢ãéå§ãã\\itemã³ãã³ãã§èŠçŽ ãèšè¿°ããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããšãäžé»ã§é åºã®ãªãç®æ¡æžããäœãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãããŸããœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ã§ã¯ãLaTeXã®æ§é ãåãããããããããã«\\itemã³ãã³ãã®åã«åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ã2åå
¥ããŠããŸãããåºåã«ã¯åœ±é¿ãããŸããã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããšãç®çšæ°åã§é åºã®ããç®æ¡æžããäœãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããšã\\itemã³ãã³ãã®çŽåŸã«[ãš]ã§å²ãã æååã倪åã§å°å·ãããå®çŸ©ãªã¹ããäœãããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»ã®æç®ãªã©ããåŒçšããå Žåã«çšããã®ãquoteç°å¢ãšquotationç°å¢ã§ãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒçšæäžã®æ®µèœã®åäžããè¡ããªãåŒçšç°å¢ã§ããçãåŒçšã«çšããããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŒçšæäžã®æ®µèœã®åäžããè¡ãåŒçšç°å¢ã§ããæ¯èŒçé·ãæç« ãåŒçšããéã«çšããããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "beginãendéã®ããã¹ãããã®ãŸãŸåºåããç°å¢ã§ããããã°ã©ã ã®ãœãŒã¹ãã¡ã€ã«ãªã©ããã®ãŸãŸèŒããããšããLaTeXã®å¶åŸ¡æåãé£ç¶ããŠäœ¿çšããå Žåãªã©ã«çšããŸãããã ããè¡é ã®ã¿ãã¯ç¡èŠãããè¡ã®éäžã®ã¿ãã¯åè§ã¹ããŒã¹ã«çœ®ãæããããã®ã§æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "verbatimç°å¢ãšã»ãšãã©åãã§ãããåè§ã¹ããŒã¹ããããšããã«ã¢ãã®å°ãåºåãããŸãã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "verbatimç°å¢ã¯äœ¿çšãããšãæŽåœ¢æžã¿ããã¹ãã®åã«å¿
ãæ¹è¡ãããŸããããã¯ãæäžã«ã¡ãã£ãšãããã®ãæžããããšãã«ã¯äžäŸ¿ã§ãã\\verbã䜿ãããšã§ãæäžã«æŽåœ¢æžã¿ããã¹ããæ¿å
¥ããããšãã§ããŸãã䜿ãæ¹ã¯ã\\verbã®åŸã«ä»»æã®èšå·ã眮ãããã®åŸã«æŽåœ¢æžã¿ããã¹ãã眮ãã\\verbã®åŸã«çœ®ããèšå·ãããäžåºŠçœ®ããŸãã\\verbã®åŸã«çœ®ãèšå·ã¯ãæŽåœ¢æžã¿ããã¹ãã«å«ãŸããŠããªããã®ãªããäœã§ãããŸããŸããã",
"title": "ç°å¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "TeXã¯æ°åŒã®çµçã«åŒ·ããšèšãããŸãããªããªãéçºè
ã®ã¯ããŒã¹ãèªèº«ã®èæžã§ããw:en:The Art of Computer Programmingãæžããšãã«ãåœæã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã§äœã£ãçµçç¶æ
ã綺éºã§ã¯ãªããèªãæºè¶³ãããœãããäœã£ãããã§ãããã®äœã£ããã®ãããTeXãªã®ã§ãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŒãæ±ãã«ã¯å€§ããåããŠäºã€ãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åŸè
ã¯ããŒãžã®äžå¿ã«æ°åŒãå°å·ãããŸãããŸããã©ã¡ããå°çšã®ãã©ã³ãã§è¡šç€ºãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æäžã«æ°åŒãæ¿å
¥ããå Žåã¯æ¬¡ã®ããããã®ã³ãã³ãã§å²ã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸ:",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æäžã«å
¥ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ°åŒãšããŠç¬ç«ããããå Žåã¯ãeqnarrayç°å¢ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "eqnarrayç°å¢ã§ã¯1è¡ããšã«çªå·ãä»å ãããŸããå¿
èŠãªãå Žåã¯eqnarray*ç°å¢ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "足ãç®(+)ãšåŒãç®(-)ã¯äœãèããã«è¡šç€ºã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãç®( à {\\displaystyle \\times } )ãšå²ãç®( ÷ {\\displaystyle \\div } )ã¯ããããã\\timesã³ãã³ãã\\divã³ãã³ããçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\fracã³ãã³ããçšããŸããæåã®åŒæ°ã§ååãæå®ãã次ã®åŒæ°ã§åæ¯ãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â»æ³š:ãã®äŸã§ã¯èŠãããããããåè§ã¹ããŒã¹ãçšã㊠= ã®äœçœ®ãæããŠããŸãããå®éã®åŠçã§ã¯ & ãçšããäœçœ®ã§æããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\sqrtã³ãã³ããçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3ä¹æ ¹ã5ä¹æ ¹ãè¡šçŸããããšãã¯ãã³ãã³ãåã®çŽåŸã«è§æ¬åŒ§([ãš])ã§æ°åãå²ã¿ãŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "^ãçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "^ã®åŸãäžæåã ãã§ããã°{}ã§å²ãå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããããè€æ°æåã§è¡šçŸããããšãã«å¿ããããšãããã®ã§ãåºæ¥ãéã{}ã§å²ãããã«ããŸãããã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åã®æ·»ãåã¯_ãçšããŸããããã{}ãä»ããªãå Žåãç¶ã1æåã ããæ·»åã ãšè§£éãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "=",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã¯\\sumã³ãã³ãã極éã¯\\limã³ãã³ããç©åã¯\\intã³ãã³ããçšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããèšå·ã®äžäžã«ç¯å²ãå°å·ããŸãããã¹ãä¹ãšæ°åã§æ±ã£ã^ãš_ãçšããŠè¡šçŸããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŠã«ã¯sinãcosãªã©ãååã®ã€ããé¢æ°ããããŸããããããããã®ãŸãŸsin xã®ããã«æžããŠããŸããšãsÃiÃnÃxã®ããã«è§£éãããŠããŸãããæåãæäœãšãªããããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸãããæåãªé¢æ°ã¯\\sinã®ããã«ãã³ãã³ãã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããmodã«ã€ããŠã¯ãäºé
æŒç®åãšããŠäœ¿ã\\bmodãšãã«ãã³ã€ãã®\\pmodããããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ãäžéšã®é¢æ°ã¯ã³ãã³ãã«ãªã£ãŠããããããèšã£ãå Žåã¯\\mathrmãçšããŠæäœã解é€ããå¿
èŠããããŸããSinc é¢æ°ãäŸã«ãããš\\mathrm{sinc}(n \\pi)ãšãããšã s i n c ( n Ï ) {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {sinc} (n\\pi )} ã®ããã«è¡šç€ºãããŸããã¡ãªã¿ã«ã\\mathrmã¯ãæ°åŒç°å¢çšã®\\textrmã§ãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããå¿çšããŠãæ°åŒç°å¢ã§åäœã衚瀺ãããããšãã«ã$f_{s}=4\\mathrm{kHz}$(textstyleã®æžãæ¹)ã®ããã«æžãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°åŒã«ã¯ããããªèšå·ãç»å ŽããŸãããããã¯ãå°çšã®åœä»€ã§åŒã³åºããŸããæ¥æ¬èªã®ãã©ã³ãã«ãããããšèšã£ãŠããããçŽæ¥æ°åŒã¢ãŒãã§äœ¿ããªãããã«ããŸããããç°å¢ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããŸãããã¹ããŒã¹ã®é
åãããŸããããªããªãåå ã«ããªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°åŒ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Beamer(ããŒããŒ)㯠LATEX ã«åºã¥ããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ãããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã®åçš®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãåçš®è²äœ¿ããçšæãããŠãããdocumentclassã¯\\documentclass[dvipdfmx,10pt]{beamer}ã®ããã«ãªããCTANäžã§é
åžãããŠããbeamerposter.styãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ãã¹ã¿ãŒã®äœæã«ã䜿ãããå°å·ã«é©ãããé
åžè³æãäœææ©èœãæã€ãäŸãã°ãBeamerã§äœæããpresentation.pdfã®é
åžè³æ(瞊2æã暪2æ)ãäœãããå Žåã¯ã",
"title": "Beamer"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯pdflatexã«ããã",
"title": "Beamer"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°å€§ããªææžãäœæããŠãããšãããå
±éããéšåãæã€ææžãäœæãããšããäžã€ã®LaTeXææžãè€æ°ã«åå²ããããšã§ç·šéäœæ¥ãåå©çšã容æã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "include{}ã³ãã³ããå©çšããããšã§ãæå®ãããã¡ã€ã«ããã®äœçœ®ã«èªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸããåŸã£ãŠãèªã¿èŸŒãŸãããã¡ã€ã«ã§ã¯\\documentclassã³ãã³ããªã©ãèšè¿°ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããšãã¯å€§å
ã®ææžãã¡ã€ã«ãæå®ããŸããä»ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯èªåçã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®æ¬ã¯å
¥éãªã®ã§ãç°¡åã«å€æŽã§ãããããªæ¹æ³ã玹ä»ããŸãããã®ããã«jsarticleããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ã©ã¹ãå°å
¥ããŸãããã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "jsarticleããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ã©ã¹ã¯å¥¥ææŽåœŠãäœæããæ°ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ã©ã¹ã§ããã©ã³ããµã€ãºãujarticleã«æ¯ã¹ãŠå€ãçšæãããŠãããã\\sectionã³ãã³ãã®ã©ãã«ã容æã«å€æŽã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "jsarticleããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯ã©ã¹ã®å°å
¥ã¯jsarticleã®ãµããŒããµã€ãã«èŒã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã¡ããåç
§ããŠãã ããã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°\\sectionã®åºåãâ第1ç« ã¯ããã«âã®ããã«ãããå Žåã¯ã#ããªã¢ã³ãã«ãžä»¥äžã®èšè¿°ãããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ujarticleã§ã以äžã§çŽ¹ä»ããæ®ã©ãå€æŽã§ããŸãããjsarticleãçšããã°\\sectionã³ãã³ãã®åºåãå€æŽã§ããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "\\newcommandã³ãã³ãã¯ãã¯ããå®çŸ©ããã³ãã³ãã§ã以äžã®ãããªåœ¢åŒãåããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¯ãã¯å®çŸ©ããååãåŒã¶ããšã§ãäžé£ã®æç¶ããæ軜ã«æ±ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããç
©éãªã³ãã³ããç¬èªã®ãã¯ãã§å®¹æã«æ±ããããã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "#ããªã¢ã³ãã«ã«äŸããããŸãã",
"title": "å¿çš"
}
] | null | {{Pathnav|ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž|frame=1|small=1}}
== ã¯ããã« ==
[[w:TeX|TeX]]ãšã¯[[w:ããã«ãã»ã¯ããŒã¹|ããã«ãã»ã¯ããŒã¹]]ãéçºãã[[w:é»å|é»å]][[w:çµç|çµç]]ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ããã[[w:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]]ã[[w:OS X|OS X]]ã[[w:UNIX|UNIX]]ãªã©æ§ã
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=== é·æãšçæ ===
==== é·æ ====
* çµçã®å
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==== çæ ====
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== TeX/LaTeXç°å¢ã®å°å
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=== UNIX ===
[http://www.tug.org/texlive/ TeX Live]ãªã©ã®TeXãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ããŸãã¯ãããå
ã«ããå
¬åŒããã±ãŒãžïŒ[[w:FreeBSD|FreeBSD]]ã§ããã°portsã[[w:Fedora|Fedora]] ã§ããã°yumã[[w:Debian|Debian]] ã [[w:Ubuntu|Ubuntu]] ã§ããã° .deb ãªã©ïŒãå°å
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====Ubuntu====
Ubuntuã«TeXãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã«ã¯ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ãéããŠä»¥äžã®ã³ãã³ããå
¥åããã
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo apt install texlive-lang-cjk
$ sudo apt install texlive-fonts-recommended
$ sudo apt install texlive-fonts-extra
$ sudo apt install xdvik-ja
$ sudo apt install dvipsk-ja
$ sudo apt install gv
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====MathLibre====
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==å€éšãªã³ã¯==
*[https://texwiki.texjp.org/ TeX Wiki]
*[https://www.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~abenori/tex/ TeXã®è©±]
*[https://ctan.org/?lang=en CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network]
*[https://www.slideshare.net/ssuser4ebddd/cloudlatex Cloudlatexè¬ç¿]
*[https://doratex.hatenablog.jp/entry/20131203/1386068127 TeXã«ããååŠçµç]
*[https://www.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~abenori/soft/abtexinst.html TeXã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©3]
===Beameré¢é£===
*[http://www.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~tado/beamer/ LaTeX Beamer å
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*[https://termoshtt.hatenablog.com/entry/2014/02/17/235005 Beamerã«ããçºè¡šå°æé]
*[http://math.shinshu-u.ac.jp/~hanaki/beamer/beamer.html Beamerã®åºæ¬çãªäœ¿ãæ¹ãµã³ãã«]
==åèæç®==
*[[奥ææŽåœŠ]]ã[[é»æšè£ä»]]ãæ¹èšç¬¬7çLATEX2εçŸææžäœæå
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[[Category:ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ããã¥ã¢ã«]]
[[Category:ããŒã¯ã¢ããèšèª]]
{{NDC|007.63}} | 2005-02-06T18:53:15Z | 2023-10-06T01:31:42Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:NDC"
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[[Category:åæ³|*ãããã]]
[[Category:åæ³ç·è«|*ããã»ããããã]] | 2005-10-17T08:25:36Z | 2023-11-24T12:18:39Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikiversity",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Wikipedia",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95%E7%B7%8F%E8%AB%96 |
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ã®äœã«æ»ãã ãã©ããªã¢ãåæãããšãåæé¢ã«æªååã®çŽ°èãéãŸã£ãŠåçèœãšãã现è矀ãã§ããã ãã®åçèœãå¢æ®ããé éšåŽã®ãã®ã¯å°Ÿéšãžãå°ŸéšåŽã®ãã®ã¯é éšãžååããŠããã ãã®ãšãé éšãšå°Ÿéšã®æ¹åã¯åæããåãšåãã«ãªãã
ãŸããã€ã¢ãªã¯ãæ足ãå°Ÿã®äžéšã倱ãããŠããå
ã«æ»ãã ã€ã¢ãªã®æã足ãåæãããšãåæé¢ã®çŽ°èãè±ååããŠåçèœãã§ããã ãŸããã€ã¢ãªã®çŒã®æ°Žæ¶äœãé€å»ããŠããè¹åœ©ã®èåŽã®è²çŽ 现èããæ°Žæ¶äœãåçããããããã
ãããå·ã骚æãæ²»ãã®ã§ãããçšåºŠåçããèœåãæã£ãŠãããšãããã è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãå¿äžå
šã®æ²»çã®ããã«ãçèçµç¹ããçè现èãåãåºããå¹é€ããã·ãŒãç¶ã«ããŠå¿èã«åŒµãä»ãããªã©ã®åçå»ç()ã®ç 究ãé²ãã§ããã
çºçãªã©ã®æ®µéã§ããã现èã§ã¯ãéºäŒçã«ãããããæ»ã¬ããã«ããã°ã©ã ãããŠãã现èããããããšãã°åºä¹³é¡ãé³¥é¡ã®èã§ã¯æãšæã®éã« æ°Žãã ãå§ãã®ããã«ãããããã®æ°Žããã®æã®çŽ°èã¯æ»ãã§çµç¹ãéåããŠããããã®ãããªããããããæ»ã¬ããã«ããã°ã©ã ããã现èæ»ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãšãããããã®æ足ã®æã®éã®éšåããçºçæã«æ°Žããã®ãããªãã®ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãããŠããã ã«ãšã«ã®å¹Œç(ãªã¿ããžã£ã¯ã·)ãå€æ
ã§å°Ÿããªããªãã®ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã§ããã æ£åžžãªçºçã®ããã«ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã¯å¿
èŠãªããšã§ããã
ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã®å€ãã¯ããŸã现èèããã³çŽ°èå°åšå®ã¯æ£åžžãªãŸãŸæè²äœã»DNAã ããåçž®ããããã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èèãå€åãããªã©ããŠçŽ°èãæçåããŠå£ããŠæ»ãã§ããããã®ãããªçŽ°èæ»ãã¢ãããŒã·ã¹(apoptosis) ãšããã ããããã¯ããªã®æ足ã®æã®éã®éšåã®çºçæã«æ°Žããã®ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ããã¢ãããŒã·ã¹ã§ããããªã¿ããžã£ã¯ã·ã®å°Ÿãã«ãšã«ãžã®å€æ
ã§ç¡ããªãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãã¢ãããŒã·ã¹ã§ããã
ãªãããã£ãœããå·ãæ é€äžè¶³ãç
åèãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èãå£ããããªã©ããŠæ»ãã§ããããšãå£æ»(ãã)ãŸãã¯ãã¯ããŒã·ã¹(necrosis) ãšããã
â» è³æéãªã©ã«æžããŠãããæ·±å
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èŠã¯ç¡ãã
â» ä¿å¥äœè²ãªã©ãšãã»ãŒåå
容ã ããé«æ ¡çã¯æé€ãšããŠãç®ãéããŠããçšåºŠã«ã¯å匷ããŠããããšã倧åŠã§çç©ç³»ã«é²åŠããå Žåãåºç€ç¥èãšããŠå¿
èŠã«ãªãã
â» çŸä»£ã§ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«é«æ ¡ãçç©åºç€ããçç©ãã®ç¯å²å€ã«ãªã£ãŠãããããæç§æžã«æžããŠãã£ããšããŠããã³ã©ã ãªã©ã ããã
⻠第äžåŠç¿ç€Ÿãæ°ç åºçã®æç§æžã«èšè¿°ããã
| [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > çæ®ãšçºç",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç©ã¯ãçæ®ã«ãã£ãŠå¢ããçºçã®éçšãçµãŠåäœ(ããããindvidual)ãšãªãã çæ®ãšã¯ãçç©ã®åäœãæ°åäœãäœãåºãåãã§ããã çºçãšã¯ãå粟åµããæé·ããåäœã«ãªããŸã§ã®éçšã§ããã ãã®ããŒãžã§ã¯ã çæ®ã®åããä»çµã¿ã çºçã®éçšãä»çµã¿ã ãªã©ãæ±ãã",
"title": "å°å
¥"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çæ®(ããããããreproduction)ãšã¯ãçç©ã®åäœãæ°åäœãäœãåºãåãã§ããã çæ®ã«ã¯ã芪ã«é(ãã)ãšé(ãã)ãããææ§çæ®(ãããã ããããããsexual reproduction)ãšã芪ã«éãšéããªãç¡æ§çæ®(ããã ããããããasexual reproduction)ãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ææ§çæ®ã§ã¯ã芪ã¯ã粟åãåµã®ãããªé
å¶å(ã¯ãããããgamete)ãšããçæ®çŽ°èãäœããé
å¶åã©ãããåäœ(æ¥åãBacterial conjugation)ããŠåãšãªãã é
å¶åã«ã¯ãéãšéã®é
å¶åã®åœ¢ã倧ãããåããªå圢é
å¶å(isogamete)ãšãéãšéã®é
å¶åã®åœ¢ã倧ãããç°ãªãç°åœ¢é
å¶å(anisogamete)ããã ã å圢é
å¶åã¯ç·è»é¡ã®ã¯ã©ããã¢ãã¹ãªã©ã«èŠãããç°åœ¢é
å¶åã¯çš®åæ€ç©ãåç©ãªã©ã«èŠãããã ç°åœ¢é
å¶åã«ã¯ã倧ããªåµçŽ°è(ãããããŒããegg cell)ãŸãã¯åµ(ãããegg, ovum)ãšãå°ããªç²ŸçŽ°è(ãããããŒããsperm cell)ãŸãã¯ç²Ÿå(sperm, spermatozoon)ãããã åµã¯æ é€ãèãã粟åã¯ç§»åã§ããã åµãšç²Ÿåãåäœããããšãå粟(ãã
ãããfertilization)ãšåŒã³ãåäœãããã®ã¯å粟åµ(ãã
ãããããfertilized egg)ãšåŒã°ããã ææ§çæ®ã§ã¯ãé
å¶åãéºäŒçã«ç°ãªããããåã¯èŠªãšç°ãªãéºäŒçæ§è³ªãæã€ã çæ®ã«éãšéãå¿
èŠã ããéºäŒçå€æ§æ§ãåŸããããããç°å¢ã®å€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¡æ§çæ®ã§ã¯ã芪ã¯çæ®çŽ°èãäœããã«ãåãå¢ãããŠããã ç¡æ§çæ®ã«ã¯ãåè£ãåºèœãæ é€çæ®ãèåçæ®ãªã©ãããã åè£(fission)ãšã¯ã芪ã®äœãåè£ããŠåãšãªãçæ®ã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããå现èçç©ã®ã¢ã¡ãŒãããããªã ã·ãªã©ãè¡ãã»ããå€çŽ°èçç©ã®ã€ãœã®ã³ãã£ã¯ããã©ããªã¢ãªã©ãè¡ãã åºèœ(budding)ãšã¯ã芪ã®äœã®äžéšãåã®äœãšãªãæé·ããçæ®ã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããé
µæ¯èãããã©ããµã³ãŽãªã©ãè¡ãã æ é€çæ®(vegetative reproduction)ãšã¯ãæ€ç©ã«ã¿ãããã芪ã®æ ¹ãèãªã©ã®æ é€åšå®(vegetative organ)ãåãšãªãçæ®ã®æ¹æ³ã§ããããµããã€ã¢ããžã£ã¬ã€ã¢ããªããŠãªãªã©ãè¡ãã èåçæ®(spore reproductionãsporulation)ãšã¯ã芪ã®äœã«èå(spore)ãšãã现èãäœãããããçºèœã(germinate)ãŠåãšãªãçæ®ã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããã¢ãªã«ããªã©ã®èé¡ãè¡ãã ç¡æ§çæ®ã§ã¯ãåã¯èŠªãšå
šãåãéºäŒçæ§è³ªããã¡ãã¯ããŒã³(clone)ãšåŒã°ãããçæ®ã«éãšéãåºäŒãå¿
èŠããªãããå¹çãããããéºäŒçå€æ§æ§ãåŸãããªããããç°å¢ã®å€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ãã絶æ»
ããå¯èœæ§ãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããºã¯ã©ã²ã®ããã«ãææ§çæ®ãšç¡æ§çæ®ã®äž¡æ¹ãè¡ãçç©ãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãããŸãŠãªã ã·ã¯ãç¡æ§çæ®ã®åè£ãšãææ§çæ®ã®æ¥åãè¡ãã ææ§çæ®ã®ç®çã¯ãç°å¢ã«é©å¿ãããããªãããšãšãæ°ããæ žãäœãããšã§åè£ã«ãã£ãŠå£åãã现èããªã»ããããããšã§ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "现èåè£ã®éã现èã®æ žå
ã§èŠ³å¯ããããDNAãæããããŸããŠåçž®ãããŠæ£ç¶ã«ãªã£ããã®ããæè²äœ(chromosome)ãšåŒã¶ãDNA(ããªãã·ãªãæ žé
žãdeoxyribonucleic acid)ãšã¯ãã¢ããã³ã»ããã³ã»ã·ãã·ã³ã»ã°ã¢ãã³(adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)ã®4çš®é¡ã®å¡©åº(base)ãšåŒã°ãããã®ãå«ããäºéãããæ§é ã®ç©è³ªã§ããããã®å¡©åºã®äžŠã³æ¹ã§æ±ºå®ãããæ
å ±ãéºäŒå(gene)ãšåŒã¶ããã®éºäŒåã®æ
å ±ããçç©ã®åœ¢ãæ§è³ªã決ããŠããã ããã®çŽ°èã¯å圢å倧ã®ãã¢ã23çµãããããŠ46æ¬ã®æè²äœããã€ã ãã ããããã®ç²Ÿåãšåµã¯ã23çµã®ãã¢ã®ãã¡1æ¬ãã€23æ¬ã®æè²äœãæã£ãŠãããå粟åµã«ãªããšç²Ÿåãšåµã®æè²äœãããããŠ46æ¬ã®æè²äœãšãªãã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã现èã§ãããéºäŒåã決ããæè²äœããç¶ã«ç±æ¥ããæè²äœãšæ¯ã«ç±æ¥ããæè²äœã®äž¡æ¹ããã€å Žåãè€çž(ãµããã)ãšããè¡šèšã2nãã§è¡šããäœçŽ°èãäŸã§ãããçæ®çŽ°èãªã©ã®ããã«ãããéºäŒåã®æè²äœãç¶æ¯ã®ã©ã¡ããçæ¹ã®ã¿ã«ç±æ¥ããŠããå Žåãåçž(ãããã)ãšãããè¡šèšãnãã§è¡šããè€çžãšãåçžãšãã®ããšãæ žçžãšãããæ žçžã¯æè²äœã®æ¬æ°ã§ã¯æ±ºãŸãããDNAéã§ã決ãŸãããããéºäŒåã®æè²äœã®çš®é¡ãç¶æ¯ã®äž¡æ¹ç±æ¥ãªã2nã§ããç¶æ¯ã®çæ¹ç±æ¥ãªãnãšæ±ºãŸãããã£ãŠãäœçŽ°èåè£æã®çŽ°è質åè£ã®çŽåã«DNAåæã«ãã£ãŠDNAéãååããŠããŠããæ žçžã¯2nã®ãŸãŸã§ããã æžæ°åè£(meiosis)ãšã¯çæ®çŽ°èã§ã¿ãããæè²äœæ°ãåæžããåè£ã§ããã æžæ°åè£ã¯ç¬¬äžåè£(Meiosis I)ãšç¬¬äºåè£(Meiosis II)ã®2åã®åè£ãé£ç¶ããŠèµ·ããã æžæ°åè£ã¯éæ(interphase)â第äžåè£åæ(Prophase I)â第äžåè£äžæ(Metaphase I)â第äžåè£åŸæ(Anaphase I)â第äžåè£çµæ(Telophase I)â第äºåè£åæ(Prophase II)â第äºåè£äžæ(Metaphase II)â第äºåè£åŸæ(Anaphase II)â第äºåè£çµæ(Telophase II)ã®é ã§èµ·ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžæ°åè£ã«ãããŠãDNAéã®å€åã®ææãšæ žçžã®å€åã®ææã¯ç°ãªããäžèŽããªãã®ã§ã泚æããŸããé¡åŸ®é¡ãªã©ã§ã®èŠããã®æè²äœã®æ¬æ°ãšãDNAéã«ããšã¥ãæè²äœã®æ¬æ°ãšããæžæ°åè£ã§ã¯äžèŽããªããDNAéã«ããšã¥ãæè²äœæ°ãæ°ãããšããæè²åäœ(ãããããã¶ããã)ãšããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ žçžã¯ã第äºåè£ã®éã¯åæããçµæãŸã§ æ žçž=n ã®ãŸãŸã§ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æžæ°åè£ã§äºäŸ¡æè²äœãã§ããŠãããšãããã確çã§ã4æ¬ã®æè²åäœã®ãã¡ã®ãçžåæè²äœã®2æ¬ãçµã¿æããããšãããããããçµæã(ãã¿ãã)ãŸãã¯ä¹æã(ã®ããã)ãšããã(â» çç©IIã§ãçµæãã«ã€ããŠè©³ããæ±ãã)",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "DNAã®å¡©åºé
åãå°ãç°ãªã£ãŠããŠãç°ãªã£ãéºäŒåã®æ
å ±ãšãªãããšãããããã®éãããå人ã®éããšãªãã ãŸããæ§ã®æ±ºå®ã«é¢äžããæè²äœãæ§æè²äœ(sex-chromosome)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã®ç·å¥³ã®éãã¯ãXæè²äœãšYæè²äœã1ã€ãã€æã£ãŠããã°ç·æ§ã§ãXæè²äœã2æ¬æã£ãŠããã°å¥³æ§ãšãªããçæ®çŽ°èã®ç²Ÿåã¯22æ¬+Xæè²äœãŸãã¯22æ¬+Yæè²äœã®å Žåããããåµã¯22æ¬+Xæè²äœã®å Žåã ãã§ãããã€ãŸããXæè²äœããã€ç²ŸåãšXæè²äœããã€åµãå粟ããã°å¥³æ§ã«ãYæè²äœããã€ç²ŸåãšXæè²äœããã€åµãå粟ããã°ç·æ§ã«ãªãã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®å Žåãç·æ§ãã«ã¢ã³ã女æ§ãã«ã¢ã³ãªã©æ§ãã«ã¢ã³ãç°æ§ã®äººäœã«æäžããŠããããã®æ§å¥ã¯å€ãããªããããã®æ§ã決å®ããã®ã¯ãéºäŒåã®æ§æè²äœã§ããã (â» ãã«ã¢ã³ã«ã€ããŠã詳ããã¯ãåå
ç°å¢ãšåç©ã®åå¿ãªã©ã§æ±ãã)",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããã®çæ®çŽ°èã¯ã46æ¬ã®æè²äœã®ãã¡ã23çµã®ãã¢ãã1æ¬ãã€åãç¶ãããããã®çµã¿åããã¯ã2^23=8388608(çŽ800äž)éããšãªããããã«ãã®ç²Ÿåãšåµã®çµã¿åããã¯ã8388608*8388608=70368744177664(çŽ70å
)éããšãªããå
åŒå§åŠ¹ã®éããçãŸããã®ã¯ããã®æè²äœã®çµã¿åããã®å€ãã«ããããŸããçµã¿æã(Recombination)ãšãã°ããæè²äœã®éšåç亀æã«ããããã®çµã¿åããã¯ããã«å¢ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç©ã®çæ®ã§ã¯ãæ°Žäžã®åç©ã®å€ãã¯ãæ¯äœå€ã§å粟ãè¡ã(äœå€å粟)ãéžäžã®åç©ã®å€ãã¯ã亀尟ã«ããæ¯äœå
ã§å粟ãè¡ã(äœå
å粟)ããã®ç¯ã§ã¯ããã®çæ®çŽ°èãäžå¿ã«æ±ãã çºç(development)ã®åæã«ååšããŠããçæ®çŽ°èã®ããšã«ãªã现èãå§åçæ®çŽ°è(ãããããããããããŒããprimordial germ cell)ãšåŒã¶ãå§åçæ®çŽ°èã®æ žçžã¯2nã§ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç·æ§ã§ã¯ãå§åçæ®çŽ°èãå粟åŸ3é±ç®ã«åºçŸãããã®åŸäœçŽ°èåè£ã§å¢æ®ã粟å现è(ãããããããŒããspermatogonium)ãšãªãã粟å现èã®æ žçžã¯2nã§ãããé幎æ以éãäœçŽ°èåè£ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠå¢æ®ã粟å现èããäžæ¬¡ç²Ÿæ¯çŽ°è(primary spermatocyte)ãšãªããæžæ°åè£ã®ç¬¬äžåè£ã§2åã®äºæ¬¡ç²Ÿæ¯çŽ°è(secondary spermatocyte)ãšãªããæžæ°åè£ã®ç¬¬äºåè£ã§4åã®ç²ŸçŽ°èãšãªãã粟现èã®æ žçžã¯nã§ããããã®åŸã粟现èãå€åœ¢ããŠç²Ÿåãšãªãã 粟åã¯ãé éš(head)ãäžç(mid piece)ãå°Ÿéš(tail)ã§æ§æããããé éšã¯ãæ ž(nucleus)ãšãããèŠãå
äœ(ãããããacrosome)ãããªããäžçã¯ããã³ã³ããªã¢(mitochondria)ãšäžå¿ç²(centriole)ãããªããå°Ÿéšã¯ã¹ãæ¯(flagellum)ãããªãã ããã³ã³ããªã¢ã¯ãATPã®åå¿ã«ãã£ãŠéæ¯ãããããããšã§ã粟åãåããããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæºãäŸçµŠããã é éšã«ããå
äœã¯ãŽã«ãžäœãå€åœ¢ã»ç±æ¥ãããã®ã§ããã®ã§ããã£ãŠç²Ÿåã«éåžžã®ãŽã«ãžäœã¯å«ãŸããŠããªã(â» 2015幎ã»ã³ã¿ãŒè©Šéšã®éžæè¢ã§ã粟åã«ãŽã«ãžäœãå«ãŸããŠããªãããšãŸã§ç¥èãåãåºé¡ãã)ã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "女æ§ã§ã¯ãå§åçæ®çŽ°èãå粟åŸ5é±ç®ã«åºçŸãããã®åŸäœçŽ°èåè£ã§å¢æ®ãåµå现è(oogonium)ã«ãªãããããŠåµå现èã®å€ãã¯ãéåã»æ¶å€±ããåºçæã«ã¯çŽ200äžåã®äžæ¬¡åµæ¯çŽ°è(primary oocyte)ãã§ããé幎æã«ã¯çŽ40äžåã«æžå°ãããæåµã®çŽåã«ãæžæ°åè£ã®ç¬¬äžåè£ã§ãäžæ¬¡åµæ¯çŽ°èã¯å€§åã®äºæ¬¡åµæ¯çŽ°è(secondary oocyte)ãšå°åã®ç¬¬äžæ¥µäœ(first polar body)ã«åè£ãããæžæ°åè£ã®ç¬¬äºåè£ã§ãäºæ¬¡åµæ¯çŽ°èã¯åµãšç¬¬äºæ¥µäœ(second polar body)ã«åè£ããããããŠæ¥µäœã¯éåããŠæ¶æ»
ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "粟åãšåµãåäœããããšãå粟ãšåŒã³ãçããåµãå粟åµãšåŒã¶ãå粟ã®åã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠã(urchin)ã®åµãäŸã«èª¬æãããåµã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯çŽ°èèããããããã«å€åŽã«ã¯çŽ°èèããšåµãã€ã€ãããã«ãŒãªãŒç¶ã®éæãªå±€ãããããŒãªãŒå±€(jelly coat)ãšããããŒãªãŒå±€ã®äžã«åµé»è(ãããããŸããvitelline membrane)ãããã粟åããŒãªãŒå±€ã«å°çãããšã粟åã®å
äœã«å€åãèµ·ããããããå
äœåå¿(ããããã¯ãã®ããacrosome reaction)ãšããããŸãå
äœããå æ°Žå解é
µçŽ ãæŸåºãããŒãªãŒå±€ã溶ããã粟åé éšã®å
äœãå€åœ¢ããå
äœãã糞ç¶ã®çªèµ·ãåºãããã®çªèµ·ã®ããšããå
äœçªèµ·(ãããããšã£ã)ãšãããã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãã®æãå
äœçªèµ·ã®äžèº«ã§ããããã®åãã¯ããŒãªãŒå±€ã«ãµããŸããç©è³ªã®åãã«ããããã®ãããªãå
äœã®äžé£ã®åå¿ãå
äœåå¿ãšããããããŠç²Ÿåã¯ãŒãªãŒå±€ã貫éãããå
äœçªèµ·ã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯ãã€ã³ãã£ã³ãšããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãããããŠãåµã®çŽ°èèã«ã¯ãã€ã³ãã£ã³ãšçµåããå容äœãããããã€ã³ãã£ã³ãšå容äœãçµåããŠã粟现èãšåµçŽ°èãèåããå粟ããã1ã€ã®ç²Ÿåãåµã«å粟ãããšããåµã®ã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠãäžæãããã®ã€ãªã³æ¿åºŠå€åã«ãã£ãŠåµã®çŽ°èèäžã«ããè¡šå±€ç²ãå
容ç©ã现èèãšåµé»èã®éã«æŸåºããããããè¡šå±€åå¿ãšããããã®è¡šå±€åå¿ã«ãã£ãŠãåµé»èã硬åãã粟åã®äŸµå
¥ç¹ãäžå¿ã«åµã®è¡šé¢ã®æ§è³ªãå€åããŠãããåµé»èãå€åãå粟è(fertilization membrane)ãšãªã£ãŠãå粟èãæã¡äžãããå粟èãåµã®è¡šé¢å
šäœã«åºãããããã«ãã£ãŠä»ã®ç²Ÿåã®äŸµå
¥ã劚ããããŸããåµã¯å粟èã§ä¿è·ãããããã®ããã粟åã¯ã1åã®åµã«ãµã€ã1åããå粟ããªã(å€ç²ŸæåŠããããããã²)ãå粟ããŠåµã®äžã«å
¥ã£ã粟åã¯ãé éšãç²Ÿæ ž(sperm nucleus)ãšãªã£ãŠåµæ ž(egg nucleus)ãšåäœããŠãæ žçžã¯2nãšãªããå粟ãå®äºããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©(plant)ã®çæ®ã§ã¯ãã«ãã³ãœãŠãªã©ã¯é¢šãåªä»ããŠåç²(pollination)ããè±ã§ãã(颚åªè±)ãããŠã¯ãµãªã©ã¯éãã(ãããã)ã®è±ç²(pollen)ãåæ ªã®è±ã®éãã(ããã)ã«åç²ãã(èªå®¶åç²)ããã®ç¯ã§ã¯è¢«åæ€ç©ã®çæ®çŽ°èãäžå¿ã«æ±ãã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±ã¯æ€ç©ã®çæ®åšå®ã§ãããè±ã«ã¯ãäžå€®ã«éãã(ããããpistil)ãããããã®åšãã«éãã(ãããããstamen)ããããéããã®èšããã§ãããšããã¯åæ¿(ããŒããovary)ãšåŒã°ãããã®äžã®ã€ã¶ã€ã¶ãèç (ã¯ããã
ãovule)ãšåŒã¶ãéããã®å
端ã«ã¯è±ç²(ããµããpollen)ãå«ããã(anther)ãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èç ã®äžã«åµçŽ°èãšåŒã°ãã现èããè±ç²ã®äžã«ç²ŸçŽ°è(sperm cell)ãšåŒã°ãã现èããããã圢æãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±ãã€ãŒã¿ã®é ãããã®äžã§ãè±ç²æ¯çŽ°è(pollen-mother cell)(æ žçž:2n)ãšåŒã°ãã现èããæžæ°åè£ãè¡ããè±ç²ååå(ããµã ãã¶ãã)ãšãã4åã®çŽ°èã«ãªããè±ãå²ãé ãè±ç²åååã¯ãäœçŽ°èåè£ãè¡ãã倧ããªè±ç²ç®¡çŽ°è()(æ žçž:n)ãšå°ããªéå现è(generative cell)(æ žçž:n)ãããªãè±ç²ã«ãªããéããã®å
ã«éããã®è±ç²ãä»ãããšã åç²(ãã
ãµããpollination) ãšåŒã¶ãåç²ãããšãè±ç²ãã è±ç²ç®¡(ããµããããpollen tube) ãšåŒã°ãã管ã䌞ã³ãŠãèç ã® ç å(ãã
ãããmicropyle) ã«å°éãããéå现èãè±ç²ç®¡ã®äžã移åããåè£ããŠ2åã®ç²ŸçŽ°è(n)ãšåŒã°ãã现èã«ãªãã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èç (ã¯ããã
)ã§ã¯ãèã®ãæ¯çŽ°è(ã¯ãã®ããŒãããŒããembryo-sac mother cell)(æ žçž:2n)ãšåŒã°ãã现èããæžæ°åè£ãè¡ããçãã4åã®çŽ°èã®ãã¡ã1åãèã®ã现è(embryo-sac cell)(n)ãšåŒã°ãã现èã«ãªããæ®ãã®3åã®çŽ°èã¯éåããŠæ¶æ»
ãããèã®ã现èã¯ã3åã®æ žåè£ãè¡ã£ãåŸã现è質åè£ãè¡ã£ãŠã7åã®çŽ°èãš8åã®æ žãããªãèã®ã(ã¯ãã®ããembryo sac)ã«ãªããèã®ãã¯ãç ååŽã«1åã®åµçŽ°è(ãããããŒã)(n)ãš2åã®å©çŽ°è(ãããããŒããsynergid)(n)ãå察åŽã«3åã®å足现è(ã¯ããããããŒããantipodal cell)(n)ãäžå€®ã«2åã®æ¥µæ ž(ããããããpolar nucleus)(n)ãå«ãäžå€®çŽ°è(ã¡ã
ããããããŒããcentral cell)ããæ§æãããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "被åæ€ç©ã®å Žåã®ä»çµã¿ã§ããããŸããè±ç²ç®¡å
ã§ã¯éå现èãåè£ããŠ2åã®ç²ŸçŽ°è(n)ãšãªã£ãŠããããããŠãèã®ãã«éãã2åã®ç²ŸçŽ°è(n)ã®ãã¡ã1åã®ç²ŸçŽ°èã¯åµçŽ°èãšå粟ãå粟åµ(2n)ã«ãªãããã1åã®ç²ŸçŽ°èã¯äžå€®çŽ°èã®æ¥µæ žã®2å(n+n)ãšå粟ããŠèä¹³æ ž(3n)ã«ãªãã2ã€ã®å粟ãèµ·ããã®ã§ãããéè€å粟(ãã
ããµããã
ãããdouble fertilization)ãšåŒã³ã被åæ€ç©ã®ã¿ã«èŠãããä»çµã¿ã§ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éè€å粟(被åæ€ç©)",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç²æã®è±ç²ç®¡ã® èã®ã ãžã®èªåŒã¯ãèã®ãã«ããå©çŽ°èãè±ç²ç®¡ãèªåŒããç©è³ªãåºããŠããããšããæ¥æ¬ã®æ±å±±å²ä¹ãã®ç 究(ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒã§å©çŽ°èãç Žå£ãããªã©ã®å®éš)ã«ãã£ãŠåãã£ãŠããããã¬ãã¢ãšããæ€ç©ã§å®éšãããããã¬ãã¢ã§ã¯èã®ããç ç®ããåºãŠããã®ã§èŠ³å¯ããããããã§ããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1ã€ã® èã®ã ã§ã¯ãå©çŽ°èã¯2åããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éšçµæã§ã¯ãå©çŽ°èã2åãšãç Žå£ãããšãè±ç²ç®¡ãããŸã£ããèªåŒãããªããªããå©çŽ°è以å€ã®ãåµçŽ°èãæ¥µæ žãªã©ãç Žå£ããŠããè±ç²ç®¡ã¯èªåŒããããå©çŽ°èã1åã ãç Žå£ãããšãè±ç²ç®¡ã®èªåŒã®ç¢ºçãäžããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãè±ç²ç®¡ãèªåŒããŠããç©è³ªã¯ãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠãããã«ã¢ãŒãšåã¥ãããããéé£ãã®ç䌌é€(ããã)ã®ãã«ã¢ãŒããååã®ç±æ¥ã§ããããã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããå©çŽ°èã§çºçŸããŠããã",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çæ®çŽ°èã®åœ¢æãšå粟"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å粟åµ(embryo)ããæé·ããåäœã«ãªããŸã§ã®éçšãçºç(embryogenesis)ãšåŒã¶ãäŸãã°ããã¯ããªã®éã¯1æ¥ã«1åçšåºŠã®åµãç£ãã亀尟ãããªãã§ãåµã¯ç£ãŸããããåµå(ãµã)ããªãã亀尟ãããªãã§å粟ããªãã§ç£ãŸããåµãç¡ç²ŸåµãšåŒã³ã亀尟ãããŠå粟ããŠç£ãŸããåµãæ粟åµãšåŒã¶ãç¡ç²Ÿåµãšæ粟åµããã¯ããªã®äœæž©ãšåã37°Cã§ä¿æž©ãããšãç¡ç²Ÿåµã¯å€åããªãããæ粟åµã¯2æ¥çšåºŠã§è¡ç®¡ã3æ¥çšåºŠã§å¿èã圢æããã7æ¥çšåºŠã§è³ãç®ãæ足ãªã©ã圢æããã20æ¥çšåºŠã§çãŸãããšã³ã«ãªããè¡ç®¡ãå¿èãçºçã®åæã«åœ¢æãããã®ã¯ãåµé»(ãããããyolk)ã«ããæ é€ãè¡ç®¡ãå¿èã§åãå
¥ããããã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å粟åµã¯äœçŽ°èåè£ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠæé·ãããããããããã®çŽ°èã¯å粟åµã®éºäŒåãå
šãŠãã®ãŸãŸåãç¶ããçºçã®éçšã§ãããããã®çŽ°èã¯éºäŒåã®ç°ãªãéšåã䜿ãããšã§ãããããç°ãªã现èã«ãªã£ãŠããããããåå(differentiation)ãšåŒã¶ãã€ãŸããåäœã®å
šãŠã®çŽ°èã¯åãéºäŒåããã€ãã䜿ãéºäŒåã®çµã¿åããã§ç°ãªã现èã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å粟åµã¯äœçŽ°èåè£ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠæé·ãããããã®äœçŽ°èåè£ãåµå²(ãããã€ãcleavage)ãšåŒã¶ã åµå²ã§çãã现èãå²ç(ãã£ãã
ããblastomere)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åµã®æ¥µäœãçããåŽãåç©æ¥µ(ã©ãã¶ã€ããããanimal pole)ãšåŒã³ã ãã®å察åŽãæ€ç©æ¥µ(ãããã¶ã€ããããvegetal pole)ãšåŒã¶ã åµã¯æ é€ã®ããåµé»(ãããããyolk)ãå«ã¿ã åµé»ã¯åµã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠéãååžãç°ãªã£ãŠããã åµã¯ãã®éãååžã«ããçé»åµ(ãšããããã,isolecithal egg)ã端é»åµ(ãããããããtelolecithal egg)ãå¿é»åµ(ãããããã,centrolecithal egg)ã«åããããã çé»åµ(isolecithal egg)ã¯ãåµé»ãå°ãªãåµå
ã«ã»ãŒåäžã«ååžããŠããããŠããåºä¹³é¡ãªã©ãçé»åµã§ããã 端é»åµ(telolecithal egg)ã¯ãåµé»ãæ€ç©æ¥µã«åã£ãŠååžããŠãããäž¡çé¡ãªã©ã端é»åµã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åµå²ã«ã¯ãåµå
šäœãåè£ããå
šå²(holoblastic cleavage)ãšãåµã®äžéšåãåè£ããéšåå²(meroblastic cleavage)ãããã å
šå²ã«ã¯å²çã®å€§ãããã»ãŒçããçå²(equal cleavage)ãšå²çã®å€§ãããçãããªãäžçå²(unequal cleavage)ãããã éšåå²ã«ã¯åç©æ¥µåŽã«ããèç€ã®éšåã ãã§è¡ãããç€å²(discodial cleavage)ãšè¡šé¢ã®çŽ°èå±€ã ãã§è¡ãããè¡šå²(superficial cleavage)ãããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŠãã®çºçã¯ãå粟åµâ2现èæâ4现èæâ8现èæâ16现èæâæ¡å®èæâèèæâåè
žèæâããªãºã 圢幌çâãã«ããŠã¹å¹Œçâæäœã®é ã§èµ·ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè
žèã®ããã«ãªããšãèèã¯ãå€èèãäžèèãå
èèã«ååããã ãã®åŸãå€èèã¯è¡šç®ãç¥çµãªã©ã«ãªããäžèèã¯çèã骚çãªã©ã«ãªããå
èèã¯è
žãªã©ã«ãªãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãšã«(frog)ã®å粟ã§ã¯ã粟åã¯åç©æ¥µåŽãã䟵å
¥ããã粟åãåµã«äŸµå
¥ããäœçœ®ã®å察åŽã«ã¯ãç°è²ã®éšåãäžæ¥æã«ãªã£ãŠããç®æãçããããããç°è²äžæ¥æ(ã¯ããã ã¿ãã¥ã)ãšãããçºçãé²ããšç°è²äžæ¥æã®äœçœ®ã«åå£(ãããã)ãçããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãšã«ã®åµã¯ãåµé»ãæ€ç©æ¥µåŽã«çå¯ã£ã端é»åµã§ããã ã«ãšã«ã®çºçã¯ãå粟åµâ2现èæâ4现èæâ8现èæâ16现èæâæ¡å®èæâèèæâåè
žèæâç¥çµèæâå°ŸèœèâãããŸããããâæäœã®é ã§èµ·ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè
žèã®ããã«ãªããšãèèã¯ãå€èèãäžèèãå
èèã«ååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµèã®ããã«ãªããšãå€èºèã¯è¡šé¢ãèŠãè¡šç®(epidermis)ãšç®¡ç¶äœã®ç¥çµç®¡ã«ååããäžèèã¯æ¯æåšå®ã®è玢(notochord)ãšäœç¯(somite)ãšè
ç¯(nephrotome)ãšåŽæ¿(abdominal plate)ã«ååããå
èèã¯ç®¡ç¶ã®è
žç®¡(enteron)ã«ååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®åŸãå€èèæ§ã®åšå®ã§ã¯ãè¡šç®ã¯ç®èã®è¡šç®ãçŒã®æ°Žæ¶äœãè§èãå£ã錻ã®äžç®ã«ååããç¥çµç®¡ã¯è³ãèé«ãçŒã®çŒèã網èã«ååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèèæ§ã®åšå®ã§ã¯ãè玢ã¯éåããäœç¯ã¯èæ€éªšã»éªšæ Œã»éªšæ Œçãç®èã®çç®ã«ååããè
ç¯ã¯è
èã茞尿管ã«ååããåŽæ¿ã¯å¿èãªã©ã®å
èãè¡ç®¡ã®çµåçµç¹ãççµç¹ã«ååããã å
èèæ§ã®åšå®ã§ã¯ãè
žç®¡ã¯åéšãæ°ç®¡ã»èºãé£éãèãèèãèµèã«ååããäžã»åŸéšãå°è
žã倧è
žãèè±ã«ååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èç å
ã§ãå粟åµã¯çºçãã¯ãããç åãšå察åŽã®çŽ°èã¯èç()ãèæ()ãšãªããç ååŽã®çŽ°èã¯åžåšçŽ°è()ãšãªãã èçã¯åè(cotyledon)ã»å¹Œèœ(plumule)ã»è軞(hypocotyl)ã»å¹Œæ ¹(radicle)ãããªãè(embryo)ãšãªããèæã¯éåããã äžå€®çŽ°èã¯é€åãèããèä¹³(endosperm)ãšãªããèä¹³ã®é€åã¯ãã³ãã³ãªã©ã§ããã ç ç®ã¯çš®ç®(seed coat)ãšãªãã å©çŽ°èãå足现èã¯éåããã èç ã¯çš®å(seed)ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çš®åã«ã¯æè乳皮å(ããã¯ãã«ã
ããã
ã)ãšç¡è乳皮å(ãã¯ãã«ã
ããã
ã)ãããã æè乳皮å(Albuminous seed)ã«ã¯ã€ããã ã®ã»ããŠã¢ãã³ã·ããããèä¹³ãçºéããçºèœã«å¿
èŠãªé€åãèä¹³ã«èããããçš®åã§ãã«ãç§ãã€ãç§ã®æ€ç©ã®çš®åãæè乳皮åã§ããã ç¡è乳皮å(exalbuminous seed)ã«ã¯ããºãããã¡ãã¯ãªããããçš®åã®æçæã«èä¹³ã®é€åãåèãåžåããããèä¹³ã¯çºéãããé€åãåèã«èããããçš®åã§ããã¡ç§ãã¢ãã©ãç§ã®æ€ç©ã®çš®åãç¡è乳皮åã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çš®åãèœãåºãããšãçºèœ(ã¯ã€ããGermination)ãšåŒã¶ãé©åãªæ°Žåã»æž©åºŠã»ç©ºæ°ãªã©ããããããšãçºèœããã çºèœããçš®åã§ã¯ãæè乳皮åã¯èä¹³ã®é€åããç¡è乳皮åã¯åèã®é€åãããšããããã«èããæ é€ã䜿ã£ãŠæé·ããã ãããŠèãã§ãããšãèªåã§å
åæããŠæ é€ãäœãããã«ãªãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã³ã±æ€ç©ã»ã·ãæ€ç©ã§ãèåçæ®ã¯ç¡æ§çæ®ã§ããã ã³ã±æ€ç©ã»ã·ãæ€ç©ã§ã¯ãèåäœ(ã»ãããã)ãã€ãã£ãŠç¡æ§çæ®ãããäžä»£ãšãé
å¶äœ(ã¯ããããã)ãšããåµãšç²Ÿåãã€ãã£ãŠææ§çæ®ãããäžä»£ãšãã亀äºã«ç¹°ãè¿ãã ãã®ãããªç°ãªãçæ®æ¹æ³ã®äº€ä»£ã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã®ããšãäžä»£äº€ä»£(ãã ã ãããã)ãšãããäžä»£äº€ä»£ã®æ§åãå³ãªã©ã§ç°ç¶ã«è¡šãããã®ãç掻ç°(ãããã€ãã)ãšããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ®éãèåäœã¯æ žçžã2nã§ãããé
å¶äœã®æ žçžã¯nã§ããããªã®ã§ãäžä»£äº€ä»£ã§ã®èåäœãšé
å¶äœãšã®äº€ä»£ã«ãšããªã£ãŠãæ žçžã亀代ããããšã«ãªãããã®ãããªæ žçžã®äº€ä»£ãæ žçžäº€ä»£(ãããã ãããã)ãšããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¹ã®ãŽã±ãªã©ã®ã³ã±æ€ç©ã§ãéåžžã«ç®ã«ããæ€ç©äœã¯ãé
å¶äœ(æ žçžn)ã§ãããã³ã±æ€ç©ã®é
å¶äœã«ã¯éãšéãšã®åºå¥ããããããããéæ ª(ããã¶)ãããã¯éæ ª(ããã¶)ãšããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èåãæé·ããŠéæ ªãŸãã¯éæ ªã«ãªãããã ãããã€ãŸãèåã«ã¯ééã®åºå¥ããããéæ ªã«ãªãèåãšãéæ ªã«ãªãèåãšã®åºå¥ãããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èåãã€ããèåäœã®èåå¢(ã»ããã®ã)ã®äžã§æžæ°åè£ãããŠãèå(æ žçž:n)ãã€ããããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "17~18äžçŽé ã«ã¯ã粟åãåµã®äžã«ãæäœãçž®å°ãã圢æ
(ãã ã³ã¯ã«ã¹, homunculus)ãããããããçºçãšãšãã«å±éãããšããèãã§ããåæ説(preformation theory)ãæåãªåŠèª¬ã§ãã£ããããã«å¯ŸããŠã粟åãåµã®äžã«ãæäœãçž®å°ãã圢æ
ã¯å«ãŸããŠããããçºçã®éçšã§ããã ãã«åçŽãªç¶æ
ããè€éãªç¶æ
ãžãšæäœã®æ§é ãçããŠãããšããèããåŸæ説(epigenesis)ãšåŒã¶ããã€ãã®ã«ã¹ãã«ã»ãŽã©ã«ãã®ãã¯ããªã®çºçã®ç 究ãªã©ã«ããåŸæ説ã®æ£ããã次第ã«èªããããŠãã£ãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å²çãåé¢ããŠãå®å
šãªèã«ãªãåµã調ç¯åµ(regulation egg)ãšåŒã³ã2现èæã®ãŠãã»ã€ã¢ãªã»ã«ãšã«ãªã©ã®åµã調ç¯åµã§ãããããã«å¯ŸããŠãå²çã(ãã¢ã§åŒ·ãçžãçããŠ)åé¢ãããšäžå®å
šãªèã«ãªãåµãã¢ã¶ã€ã¯åµ(mosaic egg)ãšåŒã³ãã¯ã·ã¯ã©ã²ãªã©ã®åµãã¢ã¶ã€ã¯åµã§ããããã ã調ç¯åµã§ãã£ãŠããããçšåºŠçºçãé²ããšã¢ã¶ã€ã¯åµãšãªããã€ãŸãã調ç¯åµãšã¢ã¶ã€ã¯åµã®éãã¯ãåµã®åéšåã®çºçéåœããã€æ±ºãŸããã®éãã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éšã«ã¯ããã€ãã®ãŠã£ã«ãã«ã ã»ã«ãŒã®ã«ãšã«ãçšããå®éšããã€ãã®ãã³ã¹ã»ããªãŒã·ã¥ã®ãŠããçšããå®éšããã€ãã®ãã³ã¹ã»ã·ã¥ããŒãã³ã®ã€ã¢ãªãçšããå®éšãªã©ãããã(åŸè¿°)",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããã¢ã¶ã€ã¯åµãåŸãããã«å²çãçžãå®éšã§ã¯ãå²çã¯åŒ·ãçžããªããã°ãªããªããçžãæ¹ã匱ããšãå®éšã¯å€±æããã(â» 2014幎ã®çç©Iã®æ¬è©Šéšã§åºé¡)",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¢ãªèããã€ããã°ãåå²å®éšã§ã¯ãå®éšçµæããç°è²äžæ¥æããµããã éšåã®ã¿ãæ£åžžãªå¹Œçã«ãªãããšãåãã£ãã次ã®ãããªå®éšçµæã«ãªã£ãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšãããç°è²äžæ¥æã¯ãæ£åžžãªå¹Œçã«ãªãã®ã«å¿
èŠãªç©è³ªããµããã§ããããšãåãããã€ã¢ãªèã®åå²å®éšã§ã¯ã匷ããã°ã£ãå Žåã2åã®åäœã«ãªãã ãªãã匱ããã°ããšãé ã2ã€ãã1åã®åäœã«ãªãããã®ç°è²äžæ¥æã®éšäœã«ã¯ãèãçºçãããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªå åãããããšããä»ã®å®éšããåãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã®ãŠã©ã«ã¿ãŒã»ãã©ãŒã¯ãã¯1925幎ãããã€ã¢ãªã®èãç¡å®³ãªè²çŽ (ãã€ã«éãäžæ§èµ€ãªã©)ãå«ãã å¯å€©çã§æãåããå±æçäœæè²(localized vital staining)ãšåŒã°ããææ³ãçšããŠãèã®è¡šé¢ã®åéšåããå°æ¥ã©ã®åšå®ã«ååãããã調ã¹ãããããŠãå®éšçµæãããè¡šé¢ã®åéšãã©ãååãããããŸãšããååºååžå³ (äºå®éåœå³) ãäœã£ãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã«ãããšãèã®ææãããèã®ã©ã®éšåãæäœã®ã©ã®åšå®ã«å°æ¥ãååããã決ãŸã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååº(ããããanlage)ãšã¯ããŸã ååããŠããªãç¶æ
ã®çŽ°è矀ã®ãã¡ãçºç段éã§å°æ¥ããåšå®ã«ãªãããšã«äºå®ãããŠãããã®ã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ã¥ããŒãã³ã¯ãã¹ãžã€ã¢ãªãšã¯ã·ã€ã¢ãªã®åæåè
žèã§ãäºå®ç¥çµåãšäºå®åè
žåãšã亀æ移æ€ããŠã©ããªãããå®éšãããå®éšçµæã¯ã移æ€å
ã®äºå®éåœã«ãããã£ãŠååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããç¥çµèã®ãšãã«ç§»æ€ããå Žåã¯ãçµæãéã£ãã移æ€çããããã®äºå®éåœã©ããã«ååããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšãããã€ã¢ãªã§äºå®éåœã®æ±ºå®ãããææã¯ãåè
žèåæããã¯åŸã§ãç¥çµèã«ãªããŸã§ã«ã¯æ±ºå®ããŠããããšãåããã ã·ã¥ããŒãã³ã¯ããã«åŸæåè
žèã§ãåæ§ã®å®éšãè¡ã£ãããã®çµæã移æ€çã¯ç§»æ€å
ã®äºå®éåœã«ã¯åŸã£ãŠå€æŽãããå ŽåãšãåŸããªãã«å€æŽãããªãå Žåãšããã£ãã移æ€çã®äºå®éåœãå€æŽãããå Žåã§ããåæåè
žèã®å Žåãããé·ãæéãæãã£ãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã®ãã³ã¹ã»ã·ã¥ããŒãã³ã¯ãã€ã¢ãªã®èã®äº€æ移æ€å®éšãè¡ã£ããåè
žèåæã®åå£ã®äžéš(åå£èå)ãåãåºããåããåè
žèåæã®ä»ã®èã®å€èèã®è¡šç®ã«ãªãäºå®ã®éšåãžç§»æ€ããããããšé ã2ã€ãã幌çãã§ãããã·ã¥ããŒãã³ã¯ãããã移æ€ãã现èãåšãã®çŽ°èã«é éšã«ãªãããæ
å ±ãäŒãããšèãããåå£èåã®ããã«ãèã®ã»ãã®éšåã«åããããååãèµ·ããããéšåã圢æäœ(ãããããã)ãããã㯠ãªãŒã¬ãã€ã¶ãŒ(organizer)ãšåŒã³ããã®åã(ååãèµ·ããããåã)ãèªå°(ããã©ããinduction)ãšåŒã¶ããã®å®éšçµæãããåå£èåã¯è¿ãã®å€èèã«åããããŠãç¥çµç®¡ãäœãåããããããšãåãããçŸä»£ã§ã¯ã移æ€ãã现èããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãåæ³ããããããèªå°ãè¡ã£ãŠããããšãããã£ãŠããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ã¢ãªã®çŒã®åœ¢æéçšã¯æ¬¡ã®é ã§èµ·ããã ã»äžæ¬¡èªå° åå£èåã圢æäœ(äžæ¬¡åœ¢æäœ)ãšããŠåããå€èºèããç¥çµç®¡ãèªå°ãããç¥çµç®¡ã®åæ¹éšã¯è³(ã®ã)ã«ååããè³ã®äž¡åŽããäžå¯Ÿã®çŒè(ãããœã)ãçãããããã«çŒèã¯ããŒãã§çŒæ¯(ããã±ã)ãšãªãã ã»äºæ¬¡èªå° çŒæ¯ã圢æäœ(äºæ¬¡åœ¢æäœ)ãšããŠåããè¡šç®ããæ°Žæ¶äœ(ããããããã)ãèªå°ãããçŒæ¯ã¯ç¶²è(ãããŸã)ã«ååããã ã»äžæ¬¡èªå° æ°Žæ¶äœã圢æäœ(äžæ¬¡åœ¢æäœ)ãšããŠåããè¡šç®ããè§è(ãããŸã)ãèªå°ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãèªå°ã®é£éã«ãã£ãŠåšå®ãäœãããŠããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã©ã³ãã®ãã¥ãŒã³ãŒãã¯ãã¡ãã·ã³ãµã³ã·ã§ãŠãŠãªãçšããå®éšã«ãããå
èèãå€èºèãäžèèãžãšèªå°ããããšã瀺ããããããäžèèèªå°()ãšããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœã®äžéšã倱ãããå Žåããã®éšåãåã³äœãåºãããããšãåç(ãããããregeneration)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãã°ããã©ããªã¢ã¯äœãåãå»ãŸããŠããåãå»ãŸããéšåãå
ã®äœã«æ»ãã ãã©ããªã¢ãåæãããšãåæé¢ã«æªååã®çŽ°èãéãŸã£ãŠåçèœãšãã现è矀ãã§ããã ãã®åçèœãå¢æ®ããé éšåŽã®ãã®ã¯å°Ÿéšãžãå°ŸéšåŽã®ãã®ã¯é éšãžååããŠããã ãã®ãšãé éšãšå°Ÿéšã®æ¹åã¯åæããåãšåãã«ãªãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããã€ã¢ãªã¯ãæ足ãå°Ÿã®äžéšã倱ãããŠããå
ã«æ»ãã ã€ã¢ãªã®æã足ãåæãããšãåæé¢ã®çŽ°èãè±ååããŠåçèœãã§ããã ãŸããã€ã¢ãªã®çŒã®æ°Žæ¶äœãé€å»ããŠããè¹åœ©ã®èåŽã®è²çŽ 现èããæ°Žæ¶äœãåçããããããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããå·ã骚æãæ²»ãã®ã§ãããçšåºŠåçããèœåãæã£ãŠãããšãããã è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãå¿äžå
šã®æ²»çã®ããã«ãçèçµç¹ããçè现èãåãåºããå¹é€ããã·ãŒãç¶ã«ããŠå¿èã«åŒµãä»ãããªã©ã®åçå»ç()ã®ç 究ãé²ãã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çºçãªã©ã®æ®µéã§ããã现èã§ã¯ãéºäŒçã«ãããããæ»ã¬ããã«ããã°ã©ã ãããŠãã现èããããããšãã°åºä¹³é¡ãé³¥é¡ã®èã§ã¯æãšæã®éã« æ°Žãã ãå§ãã®ããã«ãããããã®æ°Žããã®æã®çŽ°èã¯æ»ãã§çµç¹ãéåããŠããããã®ãããªããããããæ»ã¬ããã«ããã°ã©ã ããã现èæ»ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãšãããããã®æ足ã®æã®éã®éšåããçºçæã«æ°Žããã®ãããªãã®ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãããŠããã ã«ãšã«ã®å¹Œç(ãªã¿ããžã£ã¯ã·)ãå€æ
ã§å°Ÿããªããªãã®ãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã§ããã æ£åžžãªçºçã®ããã«ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã¯å¿
èŠãªããšã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ã®å€ãã¯ããŸã现èèããã³çŽ°èå°åšå®ã¯æ£åžžãªãŸãŸæè²äœã»DNAã ããåçž®ããããã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èèãå€åãããªã©ããŠçŽ°èãæçåããŠå£ããŠæ»ãã§ããããã®ãããªçŽ°èæ»ãã¢ãããŒã·ã¹(apoptosis) ãšããã ããããã¯ããªã®æ足ã®æã®éã®éšåã®çºçæã«æ°Žããã®ããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ããã¢ãããŒã·ã¹ã§ããããªã¿ããžã£ã¯ã·ã®å°Ÿãã«ãšã«ãžã®å€æ
ã§ç¡ããªãããã°ã©ã 现èæ»ãã¢ãããŒã·ã¹ã§ããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããã£ãœããå·ãæ é€äžè¶³ãç
åèãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èãå£ããããªã©ããŠæ»ãã§ããããšãå£æ»(ãã)ãŸãã¯ãã¯ããŒã·ã¹(necrosis) ãšããã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» è³æéãªã©ã«æžããŠãããæ·±å
¥ãã®å¿
èŠã¯ç¡ãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â» ä¿å¥äœè²ãªã©ãšãã»ãŒåå
容ã ããé«æ ¡çã¯æé€ãšããŠãç®ãéããŠããçšåºŠã«ã¯å匷ããŠããããšã倧åŠã§çç©ç³»ã«é²åŠããå Žåãåºç€ç¥èãšããŠå¿
èŠã«ãªãã",
"title": "çºçãšãã®ä»çµã¿"
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{
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"text": "â» çŸä»£ã§ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«é«æ ¡ãçç©åºç€ããçç©ãã®ç¯å²å€ã«ãªã£ãŠãããããæç§æžã«æžããŠãã£ããšããŠããã³ã©ã ãªã©ã ããã",
"title": "â» çç©åºç€ã®ç¯å²å€ or çºå±"
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{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "⻠第äžåŠç¿ç€Ÿãæ°ç åºçã®æç§æžã«èšè¿°ããã",
"title": "çºå±ïŒãã¯ããŒã³åç©"
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{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çºå±ïŒãã¯ããŒã³åç©"
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çŸéçšã»æ°èª²çšã®åºç€ãªãç§ç®ãçç©ãã«è©³çŽ°ãèŒããã®ã§ãã¡ããèŠãŠãã ããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšåç©ã®åå¿",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç©ã«äœçšããŠåå¿ãèµ·ããããèŠå ãåºæ¿()ãšåŒã¶ã çŒãè³ãªã©ã®ãåºæ¿ãåãåãåšå®ãå容åš(ãã
ããããreceptor)ãšãããçç©ãåºæ¿ã«å¯ŸããŠæŽ»åãèµ·ããããšãåå¿(reaction)ãšåŒã¶ã åå¿ã¯çèãè
ºãªã©ã®å¹æåš(ãããããeffector)ã§åŒãèµ·ãããããå¹æåšã®ããšãäœåäœãšãããããããŠå容åšãšå¹æåšãšã®éã¯ç¥çµç³»ã§çµã°ããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å容ããåå¿ãŸã§ã次ã®ãããªé åºã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåºæ¿ãåããæèŠçŽ°èã掻åç¶æ
ãšãªãããšãè奮(ãããµã)ãšãããè奮ã®æ£äœã¯ã现èèã®é»æ°çãªå€åã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å容åšã¯ããããå容ããåºæ¿ã決ãŸã£ãŠãããå容ã§ããåºæ¿ãé©åºæ¿(ãŠãããããadequate stimuli)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã®äºæãšå容åšãšé©åºæ¿ã¯æ¬¡ã®è¡šã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æèŠçŽ°èã¯äžå®ä»¥äžã®åŒ·ãã®é©åºæ¿ãåããªããšè奮ããªããè奮ããããã®åºæ¿ã®æå°å€ã®ããšãéŸå€(ããã¡ãthreshold)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŒã®ããã«å
ãå容ããåšå®ã'èŠèŠåš(optic organ)'ãšåŒã³ã å
ã®æèŠãèŠèŠ(vision)ãšåŒã¶ã ããã®çŒã¯ã«ã¡ã©ãšãã䌌ãä»çµã¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®ããã®çŒã®ä»çµã¿ãã«ã¡ã©çŒãšããã çŒã¯ãæ°Žæ¶äœ(ããããããããlens)ã§å
ãå±æãã網è(ãããŸããretina)ã«åãäžäžå·Šå³éã«çµã¶ãã«ã¡ã©ã«äŸãããšãæ°Žæ¶äœãã¬ã³ãºã«çžåœãã網èããã£ã«ã ã«çžåœããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®çŒã§ã®é è¿ã®ãã³ã調æŽã¯ãã«ã¡ã©ã§ããã¬ã³ãºã«çžåœããæ°Žæ¶äœã®åãããããããšã§é è¿ã®ãã³ãã調æŽããŠãããæ©æ¢°åŒã«ã¡ã©ãšã¯éã£ãŠãã¬ã³ãºã®ååŸç§»åã«çžåœãããããªä»çµã¿ã¯ç¡ãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®çŒã¯ãåéšã®è¡šé¢ã«è§è(cornea)ãããããã®å
åŽã«ç³å(pupil)ãšè¹åœ©(iris)ããããããã«ãã®å
åŽã«æ°Žæ¶äœ(lens)ãšãã³å°åž¯(Zonule of Zinn)ãšæ¯æ§äœ(ciliary body)ãããã å
éšã«ã¯ç圢ã®ã¬ã©ã¹äœ(Vitreous humour)ãããããããå²ãããã«ç¶²è(retina)ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "網èã®ç²æ(ããã¯ããblind spot)ããã¯èŠç¥çµã䌞ã³ãŠãããç²æã«ã¯èŠçŽ°è(ããããŒããvisual cell)ãç¡ãããã®ãããç²æã«åãåã£ãŠãèŠããªããç²æã®ããšãç²ç¹(ãããŠã)ãšãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã¯èŠçŽ°èã§é»æ°ä¿¡å·ã«ããããããã®é»æ°ä¿¡å·ãèŠç¥çµãéãè³(äž»ã«å€§è³)ãžéãããèŠèŠãçºçããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "網èã®èŠçŽ°è(visual cell)ã«ã¯äºçš®é¡ã®èŠçŽ°èããããææãæããããäœçŽ°è(ãããããããŒããæ¡¿äœçŽ°èãrod cell)ãšãè²ãæããéäœçŽ°è(ãããããããŒããcone cell)ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäœçŽ°èã¯ææã®ã¿ãåºå¥ããè²ã¯åºå¥ããªããèŠçŽ°èã«ã¯å
ãåžåããç©è³ªã®èŠç©è³ªããããåžåã«ãã£ãŠããã®çŽ°èã®ç¹æ§ãå€åããããšãããããããã®èŠçŽ°èã§å
ãããã¯è²ãªã©ãæããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããµã«ã®éäœçŽ°èã§ã¯ãäžåè²ã®èµ€ã»éã»ç·ã®åºå¥ãããŠãããäžçš®é¡ã®éäœçŽ°è(ééäœçŽ°èãèµ€éäœçŽ°èãç·éäœçŽ°è)ã§ãããã®è²ãåºå¥ããŠãããè²èŠãçããŠãããäžçš®é¡ã®éäœçŽ°èã¯ãå
ã®æ³¢é·ã«ãã£ãŠæ床ãç°ãªãããããã420nm(é)ã530nm(ç·)ã560nm(èµ€)ãäžå¿ã«åžåããããã®ãããªä»çµã¿ã§è²èŠãçããŠããããªããç·ãšèµ€ãè¿ãã ãããã®äžçš®é¡ã®éäœçŽ°èã§ã¯ãããããã®è²ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããèŠç©è³ªã®ãã©ããã·ã³ããµããŸããŠããããã®è²ã®å
ãè¯ãåžåããããã®ããäžçš®é¡ã®éäœçŽ°èã®è²ã®æ床ãç°ãªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éäœçŽ°èã¯ã網èã®äžå€®éšã®é»æã«å€ãååžããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æãããšããã§ãéäœçŽ°èã¯ãããåãã匱ãå
ã§ã¯éäœçŽ°èã¯åå¿ããªãããã®ããæããšããã§ã¯è²ãåºå¥ã§ããªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éäœçŽ°èã®è²ã®å
ãåžåããè²çŽ ã¯ãå
ãåžåãããšäžæçã«å解ããããã®å解ãèŠçŽ°èãæãåã£ãŠãããè²èŠãçããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çœè²ã®å
ã¯ãèµ€ã»éã»ç·ã®ãã¹ãŠã®è²ããµããã§ããå
ã§ãããçœè²å
ãããããšäžçš®é¡ã®éäœçŽ°èãäžçš®é¡ãšãè奮ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç©ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãéäœçŽ°èã®çš®é¡ã®æ°ãç°ãªãããã®ãããããšã¯ç°ãªãè²ã®äžçãèŠãŠããåç©ãå€ãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããäœçŽ°èã«ã¯ãããã·ã³ãšããæå
ããç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠããããããã·ã³ã®è²ãçŽ
è²ãªã®ã§èŠçŽ
(ããã)ãšãããããããã·ã³ã«å
ãåœãããšãã¬ãããŒã«ãšãªãã·ã³(ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®äžçš®)ã«å解ãããããã®éãããäœçŽ°èã§ã®çŽ°èèã®ã€ãªã³ã®ééæ§ãå€åãããã®ãã现èãè奮ããã ãããã·ã³ã¯ãã¿ãã³Aããäœãããããã®ãããã¿ãã³Aãäžè¶³ãããšãããã·ã³ãäžè¶³ããã®ã§ãæããšããã§ç©ãèŠããªããªãå€ç²ç(ãããããã)ã«ãªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æããšããããæãããšããã«ãªã£ããšãã èŠèŠåšã次第ã«ãªããŠããããšãæé å¿(ãããã
ãã®ããlight adaptation)ãšããã ãã®éãæé å¿(ãããã
ãã®ããdark adaptation)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé å¿ã®ä»çµã¿",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé å¿ã®ä»çµã¿",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŒã¯ãææãè¹åœ©ã«ããç³åãæ¡å€§çž®å°ããããšã§èª¿ç¯ããŠãããæããæã§ã¯ç³åã¯å°ãããªããæããšããã§ã¯ç³åã倧ãããªãã ãŸããé è¿ãæ°Žæ¶äœãåããããèããããããããšã§èª¿ç¯ããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é ããèŠããšããæ°Žæ¶äœã¯ãã³å°åž¯ã«åŒã£åŒµãããŠããããªãããã®ããçŠç¹è·é¢ãé·ããªã(å±æçã¯å°ãããªã)ãé ãã®ç©ã網èäžã«åãçµã¶ããã³å°åž¯ã¯æ¯æ§äœã®çèã«åŒã£åŒµãããŠèª¿ç¯ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããè¿ããèŠããšãããã³å°åž¯ãããã¿ãæ°Žæ¶äœã¯èªãã®åŒŸæ§ã§åããªãããã®ããå±æçã倧ãããªãçŠç¹è·é¢ãçããªããã¡ããã®ç©ã網èäžã«åãçµã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®è³ã®ããã«é³ãå容ããåšå®ãèŽèŠåš(ã¡ããããããauditory organ)ãšåŒã³ã é³ã®æèŠãèŽèŠ(ã¡ãããããhearing)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®è³ã¯ãå€è³(ããããouter ear)ãäžè³(ã¡ã
ãããmiddle ear)ãå
è³(ãªãããinner ear)ã®3ã€ã®éšåãããªããé³æ³¢ãå容ããèŽçŽ°è(ã¡ãããããŒã)ã¯å
è³ã«ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é³ã¯ç©ºæ°ã®æ¯åã§ããã空æ°ã®æ³¢ã§ãããé³ã®æ³¢ããé³æ³¢(ããã±)ãšãããé³ã¯ãå€è³ã®è³æ®»ã§éããããå€è³éãéãã é³ã¯äžè³ã«ããéŒè(ããŸããeardrum)ãæ¯åãããè³å°éªš(ãããããã€ãossicle)ã«ãã£ãŠæ¯åãå¢å¹
ãããã æ¯åã¯å
è³ã«ãããããŸã管(cochlea)ãæºãããªã³ã液ã«äŒããã ãªã³ã液ã®æ¯åã¯ããããŸã管å
ã®åºåºèãæ¯åãããåºåºèã®ã³ã«ãåš(Corti's organ)ãšåŒã°ããéšåã®èŽçŽ°è(ã¡ãããããŒã)ã®æèŠæ¯ãå€åœ¢ãããèŽçŽ°èãè奮ããã詳ããèšããšããªã³ã液ã®æ¯åã«ãã£ãŠãã³ã«ãåšã®èŽçŽ°èã®æèŠæ¯ãããã®äžãããã£ãŠãããããè(tectorial membrane)ãšæ¥è§Šãããã®çµæãã³ã«ãåšã®èŽçŽ°èãè奮ããŠãæçµçã«èŽèŠãçããã èŽçŽ°èã®è奮ã¯ãèŽç¥çµ(ã¡ãããããã)ã«ãã£ãŠå€§è³ã«äŒãã£ãŠãããããŠèŽèŠ(ã¡ãããã)ãçºçããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããè³ã¯èŽèŠã®ã»ãã«ãããã ã®åŸããªã©ãæãã平衡èŠ(ãžããããã)ãæããã ããã ã®å§¿å¢ã»åäœãç¥ãæèŠãã平衡èŠ(sensation of equilibrium)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "平衡èŠã¯ãååº(ãããŠããvestibule)ãšåèŠç®¡(ã¯ãããããsemicircular canals)ã«ãã£ãŠæãããå
è³ã«ãååºãšåèŠç®¡ãããã ååºã§ã¯ãæèŠæ¯(vibrissa)ãæã£ãæèŠçŽ°èãããããã®äžã«è³ç³(ããããotoconium)ãšããç³ç°è³ª(çé
žã«ã«ã·ãŠã )ã®ç²åãä¹ã£ãŠãããäœãåŸããšãååºã§ã¯è³ç³ãåããæèŠæ¯ãæã£ãæèŠçŽ°èãåºæ¿ãšããŠåãåãã®ã§ãããããŠäœã®åŸããæãããè³ç³ã®ããšã平衡ç (ãžãããã)ãããã¯å¹³è¡¡ç³(ãžããããã)ãšãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäœãå転ãããšãåèŠç®¡ã§ã¯ãªã³ã液ããããããããæèŠæ¯ããã£ãææ¯ã®æèŠçŽ°èãåºæ¿ãšããŠåãåãã®ã§ãããããŠäœã®å転ãæããã äœã®å転ãæ¢ããŠããæèŠã§ã¯åãã€ã¥ãããããªæããããçŸè±¡ããããããç®ãåããçŸè±¡ã®ããçç±ã¯ãäœã®å転ãæ¢ããŠããªã³ã液ã¯æ
£æ§ã«ãã£ãŠããã°ããæµãç¶ããŠããããã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åèŠç®¡ã§ã¯3åã®ååç¶ã®ç®¡ãããããã®3åã®åèŠç®¡ã¯ãããããçŽäº€ããŠçŽ90床ããªãé
眮ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®3ã€ã®åèŠç®¡ã«ãã£ãŠãããããååŸã»å·Šå³ã»æ°Žå¹³ã®3æ¹åã®å¹³è¡¡æèŠãåºå¥ããŠããã åèŠç®¡ã®äžæ¹ã®æ ¹å
ã«ã¯ãµãããã éšåããããããã®å
éšã«ææ¯ã®æèŠçŽ°èãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºåºèã®æ¯åããç®æããé³ã®é«äœã«ãã£ãŠéãããªããé³ã®é«äœã®æ£äœãšã¯ãé³æ³¢ã®æ¯åæ°ã®éãã§ãããæ¯åæ°ã倧ããã»ã©é³ãé«ãã æ¯åæ°ã倧ããé³ã»ã©ããããŸã管ã®å
¥å£ã¡ããã®ãæ¯åãããã€ãŸãéŒèã«è¿ããããæ¯åããã ãã£ãœããæ¯åæ°ãå°ããé³ã»ã©ããããŸã管ã®å¥¥ãæ¯åãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯20000Hz(ãã«ã)以äžã®é³ãèãåãããšãåºæ¥ãªããHzãšã¯1ç§éãããã®æ¯åæ°ãã€ãŸã20000Hzãšã¯1ç§éã«ã€ã2äžåã®æ¯åãšããããšããããèãåããªãã»ã©ã«é«ãé³æ³¢ã®ããšãè¶
é³æ³¢(ã¡ããããã±ãè±:ultrasonic)ãšãããã³ãŠã¢ãªãªã©ãããã€ãã®åç©ã«ã¯ãè¶
é³æ³¢ãèãåãããã®ããããã³ãŠã¢ãªã¯é£ã³ãªããè¶
é³æ³¢ãçºããåå°ããŠåž°ã£ãŠããè¶
é³æ³¢ãæããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãããã«ãã£ãŠå€éãªã©ã§ãåšå²ã®ç¶æ³ãç¥ãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "錻ã®ããã«æ°äœã®ååŠç©è³ªãå容ããåšå®ãå
èŠåš(ãã
ãããããolfactory organ)ãšåŒã³ã ãã®æèŠãå
èŠ(ãã
ããããolfaction)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "錻ã«ã¯ãå
¥å£ã®éŒ»å(nostril)ããã®å¥¥ã®åºã錻è
(nasal cavity)ã錻è
ã®äžéšã®å
äžç®(ãã
ããããã²ãolfactory epithelia)ãããã å
äžç®ã«ã¯ãå
现è(ãã
ããããŒããolfactory cell)ããããè¡šé¢ã®ç²æ¶²å±€ã«ç¹æ¯ãã ããç²æ¶²ã«æº¶ãåºããååŠç©è³ªãå
现èã®å容äœãå容ããŠè奮ãããå容äœã«çš®é¡ããããçš®é¡ããšã«çµåã§ããç©è³ªãã¡ããã®ã§ãããã«ãã£ãŠãã«ãããåºå¥ã§ãããå容äœã®çµåã«ãã£ãŠã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãéããé»äœãå€åããŠãè奮ãããå
现èã®è奮ãå
ç¥çµã«ãã£ãŠè³ãžäŒããããŠãããè³ã§å
èŠãšããŠèªèããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èã®ããã«æ¶²äœã®ååŠç©è³ªãå容ããåšå®ãå³èŠåš(ã¿ããããGustatory organ)ãšåŒã³ã ãã®æèŠãå³èŠ(ã¿ãããgustation)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯ãèä¹³é (ãã€ã«ã
ããšã)ãšåŒã°ããã€ã¶ã€ã¶ãå€æ°ããã èä¹³é ã«ã¯ãå³èŠèœ(ã¿ããããgustatory bud)ãšåŒã°ããå容åšãå€æ°ããããã®å³èŠèœã«å容äœãããã å³èŠèœã«ã¯ãå³å()ãšåŒã°ããåã®å¥¥ã«å³çŽ°è(ã¿ãããŒããgustatory cell)ãããããã®å³çŽ°èã®çŽ°èèã«ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ã§ããå容äœãããã ãã®å³çŽ°èã®å容äœãæ°Žãªã©ã«æº¶ãåºããååŠç©è³ªãå容ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®å³èŠã«ã¯ãçå³(ããŸã¿)ãå¡©å³(ããã¿)ãèŠå³(ã«ãã¿)ãé
žå³(ããã¿)ãããŸå³(ããŸã¿) ã®5ã€ããããã³ã³ãã«ãµããŸããã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
žãããªãŠã ãªã©ããããŸå³ãã²ããããç©è³ªã§ãããã«ããªãã·ã®ã€ãã·ã³é
žãããªãŠã ããããŸã¿ãã²ããããã æ¥æ¬äººã®æ± ç°èèããã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
žãããªãŠã ã«ãããããŸå³ãçºèŠããããªããæ± ç°ã®åŒåã®æšéæ°å€ªéãã«ããªãã·ã®ã€ãã·ã³é
žãããªãŠã ã®ããŸå³ãçºèŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹å®äŒæ¥ã®ååã ããå³ã®çŽ ãã®äž»æåããã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
žãããªãŠã ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã°ã«ã¿ãã³é
žã¯æ žé
žã®äž»æåã§ãããã€ãã·ã³é
žã¯æ žé
žã®äž»æåã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡©å³ãªã©ãæ°Žãªã©ã«æº¶ããååŠç©è³ªãå容äœã«çµåãããšããã£ãã«ãéããé»äœãå€åããŠã·ããã¹ããç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªãæŸåºããå³ç¥çµãè奮ãããè奮ãè³ãžäŒããããŠãããè³ã§å³èŠãèªèããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç§ãã¡ãçã¿ãããŸã¿ããããããããšæããã®ã¯ããã®æèŠãèµ·ããç©è³ªãçããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªå Žåãå€ãããã§ãããããšãã°çã¿ãªããç ç³ãªã©ã®ç³åãå«ãŸããŠããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®æåã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãããŸå³ã®ç©è³ªã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãã¢ããé
žãªã©ã®å Žåãå€ããèäœãæ§æããã®ã«å¿
èŠãªç©è³ªã§ãããéã«ãèŠå³ãããŸãããå³ã ãšæããã®ã¯ããããå±éºãªç©è³ªã§ããå Žåãå€ãããã§ãããé
žå³ã¯ãè
æç©ã«ãµããŸããå Žåãããããã®ããã泚æãå¿
èŠãªå³ãšããŠæããŠããã ããããªã©ãšæãããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠã¬ã©ã·ã«ãµããŸããååŠç©è³ªã®ã«ããµã€ã·ã³ã®èŸã¿(ããã¿)ã¯ãçèŠãåºæ¿ããŠããã觊è§ã«è¿ããçã¿ãã®æèŠã§ãããçŽç²ãªå³èŠã§ã¯ãªãããšãããããã®ãããªèŸã¿ããè³ã¯ãå³ããšããŠèªèããããšãããã©ãããå³èŠãšè§ŠèŠã®æèŠã¯ã䌌ããããªå容ã®ä»çµã¿ãæã£ãŠãããããããšãèšãããŠãããŸã åŠè
ãã¡ãèŸã¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ç 究äžãªã®ã§ãé«æ ¡ã¯æ·±å
¥ãããå¿
èŠã¯ç¡ãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç®èã®ããã«æ¥è§Šã®åºæ¿ãå容ããåšå®ã觊èŠåš()ãšåŒã³ã ãã®æèŠã觊èŠ()ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããç®èã¯è§ŠèŠã®ã»ãã«æž©èŠãå·èŠãçèŠãæããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "觊èŠãæããã®ã¯ã¡ã«ã±ã«å°äœ()ããã€ã¹ããŒå°äœ(Meissner corpuscle)ããããŒãå°äœ(pacinian corpuscle)(觊ç¹)ã æž©èŠ(sensation of warm)ãæããã®ã¯ã«ããã£ãŒãå°äœ()(æž©ç¹)ã å·èŠ(cold sensation)ãæããã®ã¯ã¯ã©ãŠãŒå°äœ()(å·ç¹)ã çèŠ()ãæããã®ã¯çç¹(ã€ããŠã)ãšããç¥çµã®èªç±æ«ç«¯ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çèã®å
ãéªšæ Œç(ããããããskeletal muscle)ã¯ãèªåã®æå¿ã§åããããšãã§ããã éªšæ Œçã«ã¯ãå±ç(ãã£ãããflexor muscle)ãšäŒžç(ãããããprotractor muscle)ããããããã«ãã£ãŠè
ãèãæ²ããã䌞ã°ãããã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éªšæ Œçã®çç¹ç¶(ããããããmuscle fiber)ã¯å€æ žã®çŽ°èã§ããã çç¹ç¶ã®äžã«ã¯å€æ°ã®çåç·ç¶(ããããããããmyofibril)ãæã«ãªã£ãŠããã ã€ãŸããçåç¹ç¶ã®æ(ãã°)ãçç¹ç¶ã§ãããçç¹ç¶ã®æãéªšæ Œçãªã©ã®ããããã®çèã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåç¹ç¶ã¯ãå
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§èŠ³å¯ãããšãæããæ垯(ãããã)ãšãæãæ垯(ãããã)ãšãã亀äºã«äžŠãã§ãããæããèŠããéšåã¯æ垯(ãããããlight bands)ãšããã æãèŠããéšåã¯æ垯(ãããããdark bands)ãšããã æ垯ã®äžå€®ã«ããä»åããZè()ãšããã ZèãšZèãšã®éããµã«ã³ã¡ã¢(çç¯ãsarcomere)ãšããããã®ãµã«ã³ã¡ã¢ãçåçž®ã®åäœãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç¹ç¶ã¯çŽ°ãã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ããšã倪ãã»ããããªã·ã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãã§ãã§ããŠããã ã¢ã¯ãã³ãæ垯ã§ãããããªã·ã³ãæ垯ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®éªšæ Œçã®çžæš¡æ§ã®ããšã暪çŽ(ãããã)ãšããããéªšæ Œçã«ã¯æšªçŽãèŠãããã®ã§éªšæ Œçã®ããšã暪çŽç(ãããããã)ãšãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªã·ã³ã¯ATPå解é
µçŽ ãæã£ãŠãããéåã®ããã«ATPãå解ããŠADPã«ãããçèã¯ããã®ATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãå©çšããŠãåãåºããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäžè¬ã«ãããªã·ã³ã®ãããªéåãçºçãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®ããšããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(â» å°éãçç©ãã®ç¯å²å€)äœè«ã ããçèçµç¹ã ãã§ãªãã埮å°ç®¡äžã移åããããã·ã³ãšãã€ãã³ãã¢ãŒã¿ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ããããšãç¥ãããŠããããªããããã·ã³ãšãã€ãã³ãããããATPãå解ããéšäœãæã€ã(â» äžéšã®æç§æžã§çŽ¹ä»ã)",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåçž®ã§ã¯ãããªã·ã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãã®éã«ã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ããæ»ã蟌ãããã®èª¬ãæ»ã説(ãã¹ããã€ãsliding filament model)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯å©ãšããŠãããã¢ã¯ãã³ãééãªã©ã®ã¬ãŒã«ã«ããšããããããªã·ã³ã®ã»ããã¬ãŒã«ã®äžã移åããäœããã®ç§»åäœãªã©ã«(ããªã·ã³ã)äŸãããã(åæ通ã®æç§æžã«ãããæ¯å©)ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäœè«ã ããæ€ç©ã®å圢質æµåã§ããããªã·ã³ãšã¢ã¯ãã³ãšã®äœããã®çžäºäœçšãèµ·ããŠããããšèããããŠãã(â» åèæç®: 第äžåŠç¿ç€Ÿã®å°éãçç©ã)ããŸããã¢ã¡ãŒãã®éåã¯ãã¢ã¯ãã³ã«ãããã®ã§ãã(â» åèæç®: æ°ç åºçã®å°éãçç©ã)ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çåç¹ç¶ã¯ãçå°èäœã«å²ãŸããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµã®åºæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠæŽ»åé»äœãçºçãããããçå°èäœããCaãæŸåºãããã ãã®Caãã®äœçšã§ãã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãã«ããããããã³ãšçµåããã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ãã«ä»çããŠãããããããªã·ã³ã®æ§é ãå€åããããšã§ããããããªã·ã³ã«ãã£ãŠããããããŠããã¢ã¯ãã³ã®ããªã·ã³çµåéšäœãé²åºããã¢ã¯ãã³ãã£ã©ã¡ã³ããããªã·ã³ãšäœçšã§ããããã«ãªãããã£ãŠçåçž®ãèµ·ãããããããŠãµã«ã³ã¡ã¢ãåçž®ããããšã§ãçåçž®ãèµ·ããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãšã«ã®ãµããã¯ãã®éªšæ Œçã«ãžã®é»æ°åºæ¿ã®åçž®éã®æž¬å®å®éš(ãã¢ã°ã©ããçšãã)ã§ãã€ãã®æ®µèœã§èª¬æããååçž®ã»åŒ·çž®ã®ããã¿ãäºãæããã«ãªã£ãŠãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãšã«ãªã©ã®å®éšåç©ã®éªšæ Œçã«éåç¥çµãä»ãããŸãŸåãåºãããã®ããç¥çµçæšæ¬ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®éšåç©ã®åº§éªšç¥çµ(ãã〠ãããã)ã®ã€ãããŸãŸã®ç¥çµçæšæ¬ã«ã1åã®çãé»æ°åºæ¿ãäžãããšãåçž®ããã®ã¡ããã(0.1ç§ã»ã©)ã«åŒç·©(ããã)ããããã®1åã®é»æ°åºæ¿ã§èµ·ãã1åã®åçž®ãååçž®(ãããã
ããã
ããtwitch)ãšãããååçž®ã®ããšããããçž®(ãããã
ã, spasm)ãšãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çèãåŒç·©ããåã«æ¬¡ã®é»æ°åºæ¿ãè¡ãããšãç¹°ãè¿ãã€ã¥ãããšãæç¶çã§åŒ·ãåçž®ãè¡ãããã®åŒ·ãåçž®ã匷瞮(ããããã
ããtetanus)ãšããã åç©ã®éªšæ Œçã®éåã§ã®åçž®ã¯ãæ®éã¯ã匷瞮ã§ããå Žåãå€ãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "匷瞮ã§ããåºæ¿ã®é »åºŠãäœããã°(1ç§éã«15åã®å²å)ã枬å®ããã波圢ã¯ãååçž®ãéãªãåã£ããããªã®ã¶ã®ã¶ãã圢ã®äžå®å
šåŒ·çž®ã«ãªããåºæ¿ã®é »åºŠããã
ãã¶ãã«å€ããã°(1ç§éã«30åã®å²å)ãå®å
šåŒ·çž®ã«ãªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç¹ç¶ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ã«ãã£ãŠå¶åŸ¡ãããŠãããããç¥çµç·ç¶ã®ãå
šãç¡ãã®æ³åããšåæ§ã1æ¬ã®çç¹ç¶ããåºæ¿ã®åŒ·ããåçž®ãèµ·ãããäžå®å€(éŸå€)以äžã®åŒ·ãã®åºæ¿ãããã°çç¹ç¶ã¯åçž®ããåºæ¿ãäžå®ã®åŒ·ãã«å±ããªããã°åçž®ããªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éŸå€ã¯çç¹ç¶ã®äžæ¬äžæ¬ããšã«éãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžæ¬ã®éåãã¥ãŒãã³(motor neuron)ãæåããããŠå€ãã®çç¹ç¶ãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®äžæ¬ã®éåãã¥ãŒãã³ã«ãã£ãŠç®¡çãããŠããçèããããã管çããéåãã¥ãŒãã³ãšãŸãšããŠãéååäœ(ããã©ãããã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çèãåçž®ããããã®çŽæ¥ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã¯ATPã§ãããçèã®åçž®ã¯ãATPãæ¶è²»ããŠãATPãADPã«å€åãããããªã·ã³ã®é éšã«ATPçµåéšäœãããããã®ããªã·ã³é éšãATPå解é
µçŽ ãšããŠãåããããããŠATPãå解ããããšã§çåçž®ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãåŸãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥æ¿ãªéåãªã©ã§ãåŒåžã解ç³ã«ããATPåæãè¿œãã€ããªãå Žåã¯ãçèã«ãããããããŠããã¯ã¬ã¢ãã³ãªã³é
ž(phosphocreatine)ãçšããŠãATPãåæããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¯ã¬ã¢ãã³ãªã³é
žã¯ãATPãšåæ§ã«é«ãšãã«ã®ãŒãªã³é
žçµåãæã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŒæ¯æãªã©ã§ATPãååã«ãããšãã«ãATPã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãçšããŠãã¯ã¬ã¢ãã³ããã¯ã¬ã¢ãã³ãªã³é
žãåæãããã¯ã¬ã¢ãã³ãªã³é
žã貯èµããããšãã«ã®ãŒãèããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ãã¬ãšã€ããã³ããŠãã®ãªã©ãçºé»åšå®ããã€çç©ã«ã¯çºé»åšå®ãããã çºé»åšå®ã¯çèãå€åããçºé»æ¿()ãå€æ°éãªã£ãŠã§ããŠããã çºé»çã«ã¯çåŽã«ç¥çµãååžããŠããã çºé»çã¯æ®æ®µã¯å€åŽã+ã§å
åŽã-ã§ãããçºé»åšå®ãé»æµãæµããããšã¯ãªããã è奮æã¯ç¥çµãååžããŠããåŽã®é»äœãéã«ãªããçºé»æ¿ãçŽåã«ã€ãªããããšã§é«é»å§ãçããã ã·ãã¬ãšã€ã¯50~60Vããã³ããŠãã®ã¯800Vã®èµ·é»åã枬å®ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¿ã«ã¯è
¹éšã«çºå
åšå®ãæã€ã çºå
åšå®ããã€çç©ã«ã¯ããã¿ã«ããã¿ã«ã€ã«ããªãã¢ããªã©ãæããããã ãã¿ã«ã®çºå
åšå®ã¯çºå
现èå±€()ãšåå°çŽ°èå±€()ãããªãã çºå
现èå±€ããçºå
ç©è³ªãåæ³ããæ°ç®¡ããåã蟌ãã é
žçŽ ãšåå¿ããçºå
ãããåå°çŽ°èå±€ã§å
ãå€åŽã«åå°ããã ãŠããã¿ã«ã¯å£ã®è¿ãã®çºå
è
ºããçºå
ç©è³ªãåæ³ããã ãã®ç©è³ªãäœå€ã§é
žåãçºå
ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¿ã«ã¯ãéãšéãšãåºäŒãæ段ãšããŠãèªå·±ã®çºå
ãå©çšããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ãšã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒ ãã¿ã«ã®å°»å°Ÿã«ããåšå®ã«ãçºå
ç©è³ªã®ã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ããããã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ããé
µçŽ ã®ã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒã觊åªãšããŠãATPãšé
žçŽ O2ãšåå¿ããŠãé
žåã«ã·ãã§ãªã³(ãªãã·ã«ã·ãã§ãªã³)ã«ãªãããã®åå¿ã«äŒŽã£ãŠãçºå
ãèµ·ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ã®å¿çš(ããŒããªããŠè¯ããç¯å²å€ãåèã) ãã£ãŠATPã®éã®æž¬å®æ段ãšããŠãã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ãšèå
å
床èšãçšããããšã«ãããATPéã枬å®ã§ããã埮çç©é枬å®ãªã©ã®ãã€ãªãã¯ãããžãŒã«ãã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ãå©çšãããŠããããŸããéºäŒåçµã¿æãå®éšãªã©ã§ããæéã§å
ãããããã®ã§ãç®çã®çŽ°èãèŠåããããã®ããŒã«ãŒãšããŠãå©çšãããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ATPéã®æž¬å®ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåå¿ããåã®ã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ãšã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒã®éããäžå®ã«ããŠããã°ãATPã®éã«ãã£ãŠçºå
ã®åŒ·ããå€ããããã§ããããšããã§ãã»ãšãã©ã®çŽ°èã¯äœå
ã«ATPããã€ãããã«ã·ãã§ãªã³ãçšããŠã现èã®éã枬å®ã§ãããã€ãŸãã埮çç©ã«ããæ±æã®åºŠåãã枬å®ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éºäŒåçµã¿æãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒãã€ããéºäŒåãç®çã®çŽ°èã«å°å
¥ããŠãããšãã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒã®å°å
¥ãããæ€ç©ã¯ãæéã§å
ãèŒãã®ã§ãèåãæåãããã©ããã確ãããããšãã§ãããã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒéºäŒåã®ããã«ã现èèåãæåãããã©ããã確ãããããã®éºäŒåãããŒã«ãŒãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åç©ã®äœè²ãå€åããçŸè±¡ãäœè²å€å()ãšåŒã¶ã äœè²å€åããçç©ã«ã¯ããã©ã¡ãã«ã¡ã¬ãªã³ãªã©ãæããããã ã¡ãã«ã®äœè²å€åã¯ãè²çŽ è(ãããã»ã)ãšåŒã°ãã现èã§ãå
éšã«ããè²çŽ æç²()ããç¥çµããã«ã¢ã³ã®åãã«ãããåçž®ãããæ¡æ£ãããããããšã§èµ·ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çç©ãèœåçã«é³ãåºãããšãçºé³ãšåŒã³ã çºé³ãè¡ãåšå®ãçºé³åšå®()ãšåŒã¶ã ããã®çºé³åšå®ã¯åœé éšã®å£°é(glottis)ã§ããã 声éã®è»éªšã®éã«ãã声垯(vocal cord)ãšåŒã°ããéšåããééãã空æ°ã«ãã£ãŠæ¯åããŠå£°ãåºãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªãåæ³ããåšå®ãè
º(ãããgland)ãšåŒã¶ã è
ºã«ã¯ãäœå€ã«åæ³ããå€åæ³è
º(ããã¶ããŽãããexocrine gland)ãšãäœå
ã«åæ³ããå
åæ³è
º(ãªãã¶ããŽãããendocrine gland)ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
åæ³è
ºã¯ãã«ã¢ã³ãäœå
ã®è¡æµã«åæ³ãããå
åæ³ããããã«ã¢ã³ã¯è¡æµã«ãã£ãŠå
šèº«ã«éã°ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€åæ³è
ºã«ã¯ãç®èã§æ±ãåæ³ããæ±è
º(ãããããsweat gland)ããå£ã§åŸæ¶²ãåæ³ãã ã è
º(ã ãããsalivary gland)ãªã©ãããã åæ³ç©ã¯è
ºçŽ°è()ã§äœãããæåºç®¡()ãéãåæ³ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¿ãããåšå®ããå¥ã®åšå®ãžäŒããåšå®ç³»ãç¥çµç³»(ãããããããnervous system)ãšåŒã¶ã ç¥çµç³»ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³(neuron)ãšåŒã°ããç¥çµçŽ°èããæãç«ã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¥ãŒãã³ã¯ã现èäœ(ãããŒãããcell body)ãšã现èäœã®åšãã®å€æ°ã®æš¹ç¶çªèµ·(ãã
ããããšã£ããdendrite)ãšã现èäœãã䌞ã³ãäžæ¬ã®è»žçŽ¢(ãããããaxon)ãããªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "軞玢ã¯ã·ã¥ã¯ã³çŽ°è(Schwann cell)ã§ã§ããç¥çµé(ããããããããneurilemma)ã§å²ãŸããŠããã軞玢ãšç¥çµéãããããŠç¥çµç·ç¶(nerve fiber)ãšåŒã¶ã ç¥çµç·ç¶ã«ã¯é«éã®ããæé«ç¥çµç·ç¶()ãšãé«éã®ãªãç¡é«ç¥çµç·ç¶()ãšãããã æé«ç¥çµç·ç¶ã®é«éã®ãªããã³ããã©ã³ããšçµèŒª(ã©ã³ããšãããããRanvier's constriction ring)ãšåŒã¶ã ãã¥ãŒãã³ãšãã¥ãŒãã³ã®é£çµéšãã·ããã¹(synapse)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¿ãåãã现èãäŒæ¢ç¶æ
ãã掻åç¶æ
ã«ãªãããšãè奮(ãããµããexcitation)ãšåŒã¶ã è奮ããã¥ãŒãã³ã®äžãäŒããããšãäŒå°(ã§ãã©ããconduction)ãšåŒã³ã ã·ããã¹ãä»ããŠãããã¥ãŒãã³ããå¥ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãžåºæ¿ã®æ
å ±ãäŒããããšãäŒé(ã§ããã€ãtransmission)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŒå°ã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®é»æ°çå€åã§äŒããããããã®é»æ°ãèµ·ããæ£äœã¯ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®çŽ°èèã«ããã€ãªã³ãã³ããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã®åãã§ããããã®ãããç¥çµçŽ°èã¯äœæ¶²ã«åãå²ãŸããŠãããç¥çµã§ã®äŒå°ã¯ãéå±ã®é»æ°äŒå°ãªã©ãšã¯ã¡ããããã¥ãŒãã³ã®è奮ã®äŒå°ã§ã¯é»æ°ãäŒããã®ã«æéãæããã(ç¡é«ç¥çµç·ç¶ãè奮ãäŒå°ããéãã¯1m/ç§çšåºŠã æé«ç¥çµç·ç¶ãè奮ãäŒå°ããéãã¯100m/ç§çšåºŠã§ããã) ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®çŽ°èå
ã¯åºæ¿ãåããåã现èå
ã¯è² ã«åž¯é»ããŠãããèå€ãåºæºã«ãããšèå
㯠-90mV ~ -60mV ( å¹³å -70mV ) ã®è² ã®é»äœããã£ãŠããããã®ãããªåºæ¿ãåããåã®èå
ã®è² ã®é»äœãéæ¢é»äœ(ãããã§ãããresting potential)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®äžéšã«åºæ¿ãåãããšãäžç¬ãåºæ¿ãåããå Žæã®é»äœãå€åããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåºæ¿ãåããçŽåŸãåºæ¿ãåããå Žæã®çŽ°èå
ã®é»äœã¯äžç¬ã现èã®å
åŽãå€åŽãããé«ãé»äœã«ãªãã现èå
ã¯çŽ+40mVã®é»äœããã€ããã®åŸããã(çŽ1/1000ç§)ããšã®éæ¢é»äœã«ãã©ãããã®ãããªé»äœã®å€åã掻åé»äœ(ãã€ã©ãã§ãããaction potential)ãšããã ç¥çµã®è奮ã®æ£äœã¯ã掻åé»äœã®çºçã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®äžéšåã®è奮ã¯ããã¥ãŒãã³äžã®ãšãªãã®çŽ°èãžãšäŒãã£ãŠããããããäŒå°(ã§ãã©ã)ã§ããããã®çµæãè奮ã¯ããã¥ãŒãã³ç·ç¶ã®äž¡åŽãžãšäŒå°ããŠããããã¥ãŒãã³ã®äž¡ç«¯ãŸã§äŒãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµçŽ°èã®æŽ»åé»äœã«ããç¥çµçŽ°èã®èè¡šé¢ã«ããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãšãããªãŠã ãã³ããé¢ä¿ããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "3",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "4",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1æ¬ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã¯ãåºæ¿ã®åŒ·ããäžå®å€ãã匱ããšè奮ããªãããã®ãããããã®äžå®å€ãéŸå€(ããã¡)ãšãããéŸå€ä»¥äžã ãšãã¥ãŒãã³ã¯è奮ãããã®è奮ã®å€§ããã¯åºæ¿ã®åŒ·ãã«ãããäžå®ã§ããã掻åé»äœã®å€§ããã¯äžå®ã§ããã ãã¥ãŒãã³ã¯ãåºæ¿ã«å¯ŸããŠãè奮ããããè奮ããªãããã®ã©ã¡ãã2éãã ãã§ããã ãã¥ãŒãã³ã®ããã®ãããªåå¿ã®çŸãæ¹ãå
šãç¡ãã®æ³å(ãããããã®ã»ããããall-or-none law)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ããŠè»žçŽ¢ã®ããç®æã«æŽ»åé»äœãèµ·ãããšãè奮éšãšé£æ¥ããéæ¢éšã®éã«é»æµãçãããã®é»æµã掻åé»æµ(ãã€ã©ãã§ããã
ããaction current)ãšããã掻åé»æµã«ãã£ãŠé£(ãšãªã)ã®éæ¢éšã«è奮ãèµ·ããããã«ããã®è奮ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ãŸãé£ã®éæ¢éšã«è奮ãèµ·ãã»ã»ã»ããšããããã«æŽ»åé»æµã«ãã£ãŠæ¬¡ã
ãšè奮ãäŒãã£ãŠããã ãããè奮ã®äŒå°(ã§ãã©ããconduction)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è奮ãããçŽåŸã®éšäœã¯ããã°ããè奮ããªãç¶æ
ã«ãªããããã¿ã¯ãã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ããã°ããäžæŽ»æ§ã«ãªãããã§ããããã®è奮çŽåŸã®éšäœã®åºæ¿ã«å¿çããªãææã®ããšããäžå¿æ(ãµã®ãã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããåºæ¿ãåããå Žæã«ã¯è奮ã¯æ»ãããåºæ¿ã¯éæ¢ããŠããåŽãžãšäŒãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è奮ãäŒããé床ã¯ãç¡é«ç¥çµç¹ç¶ããããæé«ç¥çµç·ç¶ã®ã»ãããè奮ã®äŒããé床ãéãã ãã®çç±ã¯ãæé«ç¥çµç¹ç¶ã§ã¯é«é(ããããã)ã¯é»æ°ãéãã«ããé»æ°çµ¶çžäœã§ããã掻åé»æµãã©ã³ããšçµèŒª(ã©ã³ããšãããã)ããé£ã®ã©ã³ããšçµèŒªãžãšé£ã³é£ã³ã«äŒããããã§ããããã®ããã«æé«ç¥çµç·ç¶ã«ãŠãè奮ããšã³ãšã³ã«çµèŒªãã次ã®çµèŒªãžãšäŒå°ããçŸè±¡ã®ããšãè·³èºäŒå°(ã¡ããããã§ãã©ãã saltatory conduction)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¡é«ç¥çµç¹ç¶ãè奮ãäŒå°ããéãã¯1m/ç§çšåºŠã§ã æé«ç¥çµç¹ç¶ãè奮ãäŒå°ããéãã¯100m/ç§çšåºŠã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æç®ã«ãã£ãŠãäŒå°é床ã倪ãã枩床ãªã©ã®çŽ°ããªæ°å€ã¯ãå°ãéãããªã®ã§ã现ããæ°å€ã¯ãããŒããªããŠè¯ããããšãã°ãã³ã®å Žåãæç®ã«ãã£ãŠãäŒå°é床ã120ã ã£ãã110ã ã£ãã100ã ã£ãããããã ãããã®æ°å€ãææ¡ããã°ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â»åèæç®(äŒå°é床ã®æ°å€ã®åºå
ž)",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ãå瀟ã®æç§æžãåèæžãªã©ãåèæç®ã»åŒçšæç®ã«ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "軞çã倪ãã»ã©ãäŒå°é床ãéãããŸãã枩床ã40°Cæªæºãªãã枩床ãé«ãã»ã©ãäŒå°é床ãéãã40°C以äžã«æž©åºŠãé«ããªããšãäŒå°ãã«ãããªãã ã€ã«ããããºã¯ã倪ãç¥çµè»žç(巚倧ç¥çµè»žç)ãæã£ãŠããããã®ã¶ããè奮ãäŒããé床ãéããéãããããªã©ã巚倧軞çã®ãããã§ä¿¡å·ãæ©ãäŒããã®ã§è¡åã®éå§ãæ©ããçåã«æå©ã ã£ããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãµã€ããç¥çµã¯å€æ°ã®è»žçãããªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åºæ¿ã倧ããã»ã©ãç¥çµçŽ°èã®è奮ã®çºçé »åºŠãå€ããªãããªããªãåºæ¿ã匷ãã»ã©ãåã
ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã§ã®è奮ã®é »åºŠãå¢ãããŸããå€ãã®æèŠçŽ°èãåå¿ããããšã§ãã¥ãŒãã³ãå€æ°ãåå¿ããããã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è³ã§æããè奮ã®å€§ããã®æèŠã®æ£äœã¯ãç¥çµçŽ°èããäŒããããè奮ã®çºçé »åºŠã§ãããè奮ã®é »åºŠãé«ãã»ã©ãè³ã§æããè奮ã倧ãããªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã€ã®è»žçŽ¢ã®å
端ãšãä»ã®ç¥çµçŽ°èãŸãã¯çèãªã©ã®å¹æåšãšã®éã®éšåãã·ããã¹ãšãããç¥çµãšçèãšã®éã®ããšãã·ããã¹ãšãããäžã€ã®ç¥çµã®ä¿¡å·ã¯ãã·ããã¹ãçµãŠãã€ãã®ç¥çµãŸãã¯å¹æåšãžãšäŒããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ã«ã¯ãå°ããªéé(ãããŸããããã)ããããã·ããã¹éé(ã·ããã¹ãããã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ãã次ã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãžãšä¿¡å·ãäŒããæ¹æ³ã¯ãååŠç©è³ªã®åæ³(ã¶ããŽãã¶ããŽã€)ã«ããããã®ã·ããã¹ã§ã®åæ³ç©ãç¥çµäŒéç©è³ª(ããããã§ããã€ã¶ã£ãã€ãneurotransmitter)ãšããã軞玢ã®æ«ç«¯ããåæ³ããããç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªã«ã¯ããã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãã»ãããã³(serotonin)ãγã¢ããé
ªé
ž(ã¬ã³ãã¢ãããããã)ãããŒããã³(dopamine)ãªã©ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "亀æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ãã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ãåæ³ããããå¯äº€æç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ããããçèãåããç¥çµã§ããéåç¥çµã®æ«ç«¯ããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ãåæ³ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "軞玢ã®æ«ç«¯ã®å
éšã«ã¯ãã€ã¶ç¶ã®ã·ããã¹å°è(ã·ããã¹ãããã»ããsynaptic vesicle)ãšããç©è³ªãããããã®ã·ããã¹å°èã«äŒéç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠãããã·ããã¹ã«è奮ãäŒãããšã·ããã¹å°èãããã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³(acetylcholine)ããã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³(noradrenaline)ãªã©ã®ç¥çµäŒéç©è³ª(neurotransmitter)ãåæ³ãããããšã§ããšãªãã®çŽ°èã«è奮ãäŒããããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "軞玢ã®æ«ç«¯ã«ãé»äœã«äŸåããã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãã£ãã«( Caãã£ãã« )ãããããã®Caãã£ãã«ã«æŽ»åé»äœãå°éããããšã§ããã®ãã£ãã«ãéããCaã軞çæ«ç«¯ã®çŽ°èå
ã«æµå
¥ããããã®Caã®æµå
¥ã«ãã£ãŠãã·ããã¹å°èã®èã 軞çæ«ç«¯ã®è(ã·ããã¹åè) ãšèåããç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªãã·ããã¹ééã«æŸåºãããã ã·ããã¹ã®ãã¡ãæŸåºåŽã®çŽ°èã®ã»ããã·ããã¹å现è(ã·ããã¹ãããããŒã)ãšããããã®æŸåºåŽã®ã·ããã¹å现èã®çŽ°èèããã·ããã¹åè(ã·ããã¹ãããŸã)ãšãããã·ã³ãã¹ã®ãã¡ãåãåãåŽã®çŽ°èã®ã»ããã·ããã¹åŸçŽ°è(ã·ããã¹ãããããŒã)ãšããããã®ã·ããã¹åŸçŽ°èã®çŽ°èèãã·ããã¹åŸè(ã·ããã¹ãããŸã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååãåŽã®ããšãªãã®çŽ°èã®çŽ°èèã«ã¯ãäŒéç©è³ªã®å容äœããããããã«ããã®å容äœã«ãã£ãŠåãã®å€ããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãããã(å容äœãã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãå
ŒãåããŠããå Žåãããã(ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«åå容äœ)ãå容äœãšã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ãããããååšããå Žåãããã â» é«æ ¡ã®ç¯å²å€ã ããã)",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãäŒéç©è³ªã«äŸåããã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ããåãåãåŽã®çŽ°èèã«ååšããŠãããäŒéç©è³ªäŸåæ§ã®ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ããäŒéç©è³ªãšå容äœãšã®çµåã«ãã£ãŠåããŠãè奮ã«ã€ããŠã®ä¿¡å·ããšãªãã®çŽ°èã«äŒãããã·ããã¹ã§ã®è奮ãäžæ¹å( ã·ããã¹ â ãšãªãã®çŽ°è )ã«äŒéãããä¿¡å·ã¯éæµã¯ããªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ãä»ããŠãã軞玢ããããšãªãã®çŽ°èãžè奮ã«ã€ããŠã®æ
å ±ãäŒããããšãäŒé(ã§ããã€)ãšåŒã¶ãã·ããã¹ããåºãååŠç©è³ªã«ãã£ãŠãè奮ã®æ
å ±ã¯äŒéãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ã§æŸåºãããç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªã«ã¯ãè奮ããããè奮æ§ã®ç©è³ªãšãè奮ãããã«ããããæå¶æ§ã®ç©è³ªãšããããè奮æ§ã®ç©è³ªã«ã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ããã«ã¢ãã¬ããªã³ããããæå¶æ§ã®ç©è³ªã«ã¯ãγã¢ããé
ªé
ž(ã¬ã³ãã¢ãããããããGABA)ãã°ãªã·ã³ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãè奮æ§ã®ç¥çµäŒéã®å Žåã§ã¯ãNaãã£ãã«ãéããNaã现èå
ã«æµå
¥ããŠã掻åé»äœãçãããã·ããã¹ã«éãããç¥çµçŽ°èã®è奮ã¯ããããªãŠã ã€ãªã³ã®ç¥çµçŽ°èå
ãžã®æµå
¥ã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ããŠããããã£ãœããæå¶æ§ã®ç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªã®å Žåã¯ãClãã£ãã«(èªã¿:ãã¯ãã©ã€ããã£ãã«ã)ãéããClã现èå
ã«æµå
¥ããã ãããã®ã€ãªã³ãã£ãã«ã®åãã«ãã£ãŠãåãåãåŽã®çŽ°èã§ã®èé»äœãå€ããã®ã§ãèé»äœã®é«äœã«ãã£ãŠãè奮ãæå¶ã®ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ãè¡ãããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Naãã£ãã«ãéãã°èé»äœã¯é«ãŸããèé»äœãé«ãŸãã°ãåãåãåŽã®çŽ°èã¯è奮ãããã ãã£ãœããClãã£ãã«ãéãã°èé»äœã¯äžãããèé»äœãäœããã°ãåãåãåŽã®çŽ°èã¯æå¶ãããã Naãã£ãã«ãšClãã£ãã«ã®äž¡æ¹ãéãã°ãèé»äœã®é«äœãæã¡æ¶ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã ãã«ç¥çµäŒéç©è³ªã¯ãååžåããããããããã¯é
µçŽ (ã³ãªã³ãšã¹ãã©ãŒãŒãªã©)ã«ãã£ãŠå解ããããããã®ã§ãè奮ãæå¶ã¯ããã ãã«çµãã£ãŠããããããŠã次ã«æ¥ãä¿¡å·ãäŒéå¯èœã«ãªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è奮æ§ã®äŒéç©è³ªãæŸåºããã·ããã¹ãè奮æ§ã·ããã¹(excitatory synapse)ãšããããã£ãœããæå¶æ§ã®äŒéç©è³ªãæŸåºããã·ããã¹ãæå¶æ§ã·ããã¹(inhibitory synapse)ãšããã ã·ããã¹ã®åŸèã®é»äœã®ããšãåŸé»äœ(ããã§ãã)ãããã¯åŸèé»äœ(ãããŸãã§ãã)ãšãããè奮æ§ã·ããã¹ã®åŸé»äœã®ããšãè奮æ§ã·ããã¹åŸé»äœ(EPSP:excitatory postsynaptic potential)ãšãããæå¶æ§ã·ããã¹ã®åŸé»äœã®ããšãæå¶æ§ã·ããã¹åŸé»äœ(IPSP:inhibitory postsynaptic potential)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã·ããã¹ã§æ
å ±ãã·ããã¹å现èããã·ããã¹åŸçŽ°èã«äŒããã®ã«ãçŽ1ããªç§~2ããªç§ããããããã®é
ã(ããã)ã®ããšãã·ããã¹é
延(ã·ããã¹ã¡ãã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµæ¯ã®ãµãªã³ã¯ãã¢ã»ãã«ã³ãªã³ã®å解ãè¡ãé
µçŽ (ã³ãªã³ãšã¹ãã©ãŒãŒ)ã®åãããããŸãããã(æ°ç ã®(ãã£ãŒãåŒã ãã§ãªã)å°éçç©ã®æ€å®æç§æžã«ãæžããŠããã)",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¥çµç³»ã®çš®é¡ã«ã¯ãç¥çµçŽ°è(ãã¥ãŒãã³)ãäœå
šäœã«æ£åšã網ç®ç¶ã«é£çµ¡ããŠããæ£åšç¥çµç³»(diffuse nervous system)ãšãè³ã»èé«ãªã©ã«ç¥çµçŽ°è(ãã¥ãŒãã³)ã®ãã€ãŸã£ãéäžç¥çµç³»(concentrated nervous system)ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è³ã»èé«ã»ç¥çµç¯ãªã©ããŸãšããŠäžæ¢ç¥çµç³»(ã¡ã
ããããããããããcentral nervous system)ãšãããéäžç¥çµç³»ã®åç©ã®ç¥çµã®ãã¡ãäžæ¢ç¥çµä»¥å€ã®éšåã®ç¥çµãæ«æ¢¢ç¥çµç³»(ãŸã£ããããããããã)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£åšç¥çµç³»ããã€çç©ã«ã¯ã€ãœã®ã³ãã£ã¯ãããã©ãã¯ã©ã²ãªã©ããããããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éäžç¥çµç³»ã¯ãèæ€åç©ãªã©ã«ã¿ãããããããºããã©ããªã¢ã®ç¥çµã¯ãéäžç¥çµç³»ã§ãããããã¿ã»ãããªã©æè«ã®ç¥çµç³»ã¯éäžç¥çµç³»ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æèŠåšã§åããåºæ¿ã®æ
å ±ã¯æèŠç¥çµã«ãã£ãŠè³(ã®ããbrain)ãžéããã è³ã¯ãã®æ
å ±ãå€æãã éåç¥çµã«ãã£ãŠå¹æåšã«æ
å ±ãéããåå¿ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èæ€çç©ã®è³ã¯å€§è³(ã ãã®ããcerebrum)ãéè³(ããã®ããdiencephalon)ãäžè³(ã¡ã
ãã®ããmidbrain)ãå°è³(ãããã®ããcerebellum)ã延é«(ãããããmedulla oblongata)ãããªãã ããã®è³ã«ã¯çŽäžåååã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ãããããã®ãã¥ãŒãã³ã«ã¯æ°åã®ã·ããã¹ããããè€éãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã圢äœã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "倧è³ã®æ§é ã¯ãå·Šå³ã®åçã«åãããŠããããããå·Šå³ãçµã¶è³æ¢(ã®ãããããcorpus callosum)ãããã äž¡åçã¯è¡šå±€ã¯å€§è³ç®è³ª(ã ãã®ãã²ãã€ãcerebral cortex)ã§ãããããŠããããã¥ãŒãã³ã®çŽ°èäœããã€ãŸã£ãŠç°è²ãããŠãããã ç°çœè³ª(ããã¯ããã€)ãšããã å
éšã«ã¯å€§è³é«è³ª(ã ãã®ããããã€ãcerebral medulla)ããããå€ãã®ç¥çµç·ç¶ãéã£ãŠããŠçœè²ãããŠãããã çœè³ª(ã¯ããã€)ãšããã 倧è³ç®è³ªã«ã¯ãæ°ç®è³ª(ããã²ãã€ãneocortex)ãšãå€ç®è³ª(ãã²ãã€)ããã³åç®è³ª(ããã²ãã€)ãããªã蟺çžç®è³ª(ãžãããã²ãã€)ããããããã®å€§è³ã§ã¯æ°ç®è³ªãçºéããŠãããããã®å€ç®è³ªããã³åç®è³ªã¯ã倧è³ã«å²ãŸããŠããããã®ããå
åŽã«å€ç®è³ªããã³åç®è³ªãé ããŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°ç®è³ªã«ã¯èŠèŠã»èŽèŠãªã©æèŠã®äžæ¢ããã( æèŠé(ããããããsensory cortex) )ããŸããéåã®äžæ¢ããã( éåé(ããã©ãããmotor cortex) )ããŸããèšæ¶ã»æèã»ç解ãªã©ã®åŠç¿ãå¿
èŠãšãã粟ç¥æŽ»åãã€ããã©ãäžæ¢( é£åé(ããããããassociation cortex) ãããã 蟺çžç®è³ªã¯ãæ¬èœãªã©ãåžãã蟺çžç®è³ªã«ãµããŸãã海銬(ããã°ãhippocampus)ãšããéšåãèšæ¶ãäž»ã«ã€ããã©ãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè³ã»éè³ã»å»¶é«ã è³å¹¹(ã®ããããbrainstem) ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éè³ã®äœçœ®ã¯äžè³ãšå€§è³ã®éã«äœçœ®ããæ§é ã¯èŠåº(ãããããthalamus)ãšèŠåºäžéš(ãããããã¶ãhypothalamus)ã«åãããŠãããèŠåºäžéšã«èªåŸç¥çµç³»ã®äžæ¢ããããäœæž©ã®èª¿æŽãå
èã®åãã調æŽããŠããããŸããèŠåºäžéšã¯è³äžåäœ(ã®ãããããã)ãšã€ãªãã£ãŠããããã«ã¢ã³ã®åæ³ã調æŽããŠãããè¡ç³å€ã調æŽããŠãããèŠåºã¯å€§è³ãžã®æèŠãäžç¶ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè³ã®æ§é ã¯ãéè³ã®åŸæ¹ãå°è³ã®äžæ¹ã«äœçœ®ããŠããã äžè³ã®åãã¯ãéè³ãšå°è³ãšã®éè·¯ã«ãªã£ãŠãããçŒçéåãç³ååå°ã®äžæ¢ãèŽèŠåå°ã姿å¢å¶åŸ¡ãªã©ãåžãäžæ¢ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å°è³ã®æ§é ã¯ã倧è³ã®åŸäžéšã«äœçœ®ããŠããã å°è³ã«ã¯ãäœã®å¹³è¡¡ãçèã®éåæ©èœãåžãäžæ¢ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "延é«ã®æ§é ã¯ãè³ã®æäžéšã«äœçœ®ããèé«ã«ç¶ããŠããã 延é«ã«ã¯ãåŒåžã»è¡æ¶²åŸªç°(å¿èã®æå)ã»æ¶åãªã©ãåžãäžæ¢ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "延é«ããäžã®äœã®å³åŽã¯ãè³ã®å·ŠåŽãæ
åœããã延é«ããäžã®äœã®å·ŠåŽã¯ãè³ã®å³åŽãæ
åœããããªããªããç¥çµã延é«ãéããšãã«ãå€ãã®ç¥çµã§ãå·Šå³ã亀差ããããã§ããããããã£ãŠè³ã®å³åŽãæå·ãããšãäœã®å·ŠåŽã麻çº(ãŸã²)ã»äžé(ãµãã)ã«ãªãã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè: è¡æ¶²è³é¢é(ãã€ãã ã®ããããã) (â»æªå·ç)",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãäžåŠã§ç¿ãããã«ãçç©åŠã®ç¥çµåéã§ãããåå°ããšã¯ãããšãã°ç±ããã®ã«æã觊ãããšãã«ã¯ãæããæãåŒã£èŸŒããããã«ãæèãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«ãã°ããè¡ãããåå¿ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã倧è³ãä»ããªãåå¿ããããèé«ããã®ãããªã倧è³ãä»ããªãåå°ã®äžæ¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã®ããã«å€§è³ãä»ããªãã§èé«ãäžæ¢ã«ãªã£ãŠããåå°ã®ããšãèé«åå°(ããããã¯ããããspinal reflex)ãšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èé«åå°ã«ã¯å±çåå°(ãã£ããã¯ããããflexor reflex)ããã€ããè
±åå°(ãã€ããããã¯ããããèèè
±åå°ãknee jerk)ãªã©ã®åå°ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ãšã¯ãã²ãã®éªšã®ããäžã軜ãå©ããšã足ãåæã«è·³ãäžããçŸè±¡ã®ããšã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ãªããææã«ãããã²ãéšã®ç玡éãè奮ãããã®è奮ã«ããä¿¡å·ãæèŠç¥çµãäŒãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ã«éããäžè¬ã«åå°ã®ãããè奮ãäŒããçµè·¯ã®ããšã åå°åŒ(ã¯ããããã
ããreflex arc)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ã®å Žåã®åå°åŒã¯",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åå°ã¯å€§è³ãçµç±ããªãããç¡æèã§çŽ æ©ãè¡ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ã¯ã倧è³ãä»ããªãã®ã§ãèé«åå°ã«åé¡ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ããè
±åå°ã§ã¯ããã€ããè
±ãããããšã倧è
¿åé çãçž®ã¿ãèé¢ç¯ã䌞ã³ãåå°ãèµ·ããããã€ããè
±åå°ã§ã®ç¥çµäžã®ã·ããã¹ã®æ°ã¯ããã€ããè
±åå°ã§ã¯ä»åšãã¥ãŒãã³ãçµç±ããããã£ãŠã·ããã¹ã¯1ã€ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å±çåå°(ãã£ããã¯ããã)ã§ã¯ãäŸãã°ç±ããã®ã«è§ŠããæãæãæããåŒã£èŸŒãããããªãå±çãçž®ãåå°ãèµ·ãããå±çåå°ã§ã®ç¥çµäžã®ã·ããã¹ã®æ°ã¯ãå±çåå°ã§ã¯ä»åšãã¥ãŒãã³ãçµç±ãããããã·ããã¹ã¯2ã€ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å±çåå°ã¯ã倧è³ãä»ããªãã®ã§ãèé«åå°ã«åé¡ãããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ã®åå°ãšããŠãå£ã«ç©ãå
¥ãããšãã®ãã 液ã®åæ³ãåå°ã§ãããã 液ã®åå°äžæ¢ã¯å»¶é«ã«ãããæããšãã®çºæ±ãåå°ã§ããã ç®ã®ç³åããå
ãåãããšçž®å°ãããç³åã®çž®å°ãåå°ã§ãããç³åã®åå°äžæ¢ã¯äžè³ã«ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
èã®åãããæ¶åããäœå
ã®ãã«ã¢ã³ãè¡ç³ã®èª¿æŽãªã©ãæèãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«è¡ããããããããã®çŸè±¡ããåå°ãã§ãããšããŠåé¡ãããŠãã(â» æ€å®æç§æžã®ç¯å²)ãå
èãªã©ããããã£ãåããå¶åŸ¡ããŠããç¥çµã®ããšãèªåŸç¥çµãšèšãã®ã§ããèªåŸç¥çµããå
èãªã©ã®ãåå°ãã調ç¯ããŠãããšèšããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ«æ¢¢ç¥çµç³»ã«ã¯ãè³ãã䌞ã³ãè³ç¥çµ(cranial nerves)ãšãèé«ãã䌞ã³ãèé«ç¥çµ(spinal nerves)ãšãããã ãŸããæ«æ¢¢ç¥çµç³»ã¯ãäœã®æèŠãéåã«é¢ããäœæ§ç¥çµç³»(ãããããããããããsomatic nervous system)ãšã ææãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«åãèªåŸç¥çµç³»(ããã€ãããããããautonomic nervous system)ã«åããããšãã§ããã äœæ§ç¥çµç³»ã«ã¯ãæèŠç¥çµ(sensory nerve)ãšéåç¥çµ(motor neuron)ãããã èªåŸç¥çµç³»ã«ã¯ã亀æç¥çµ(ãããããããããsympathetic nerve)ãšå¯äº€æç¥çµ(ãµããããããããããparasympathetic nerve)ãããã亀æç¥çµãšå¯äº€æç¥çµã¯å¯Ÿæçã«åãããšãå€ãã()",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã®è³ç¥çµã¯12察ã§ãããèé«ç¥çµã¯31察ã§ããã",
"title": "åºæ¿ã®å容ãšåå¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸéçšã»æ°èª²çšã®åºç€ãªãç§ç®ãçç©ãã«è©³çŽ°ãèŒããã®ã§ãã¡ããèŠãŠãã ããã",
"title": "åç©ã®è¡å"
}
] | é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšåç©ã®åå¿ | <small> [[é«çåŠæ ¡çç©]] > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšåç©ã®åå¿ </small>
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[[Category:çç©åŠ|é«ããããããšãšããµã€ã®ã¯ãã®ã]] | 2005-10-26T05:12:48Z | 2023-10-13T02:05:40Z | [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšæ€ç©",
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåŠããé«æ ¡çç©Iã®ä»ã®åå
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容ã®åŸ©ç¿ã§ããã ãã§ã«èªè
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容ãå匷ããããšã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ã¯äžãæã«åºå®ããŠæ®ããããã å€éšç°å¢ã®å€åã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãåããã æ€ç©ã¯å€éšç°å¢ã®å€åã«å¯ŸããŠã èªèº«ã®æé·ãªã©ã調ç¯ããããšã§å¯Ÿå¿ããã ãã®ããŒãžã§ã¯ã æ€ç©ãšæ°Žåã»å
ã®é¢ä¿ã æ€ç©ã®çºèœã»æé·ã»è±èœåœ¢æã®èª¿ç¯ã ãªã©ãæ±ãã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°å¢ã®ãã¡çç©ã«åœ±é¿ãäžãããã®ãç°å¢èŠå ãšåŒã¶ã æ€ç©ã«å¯Ÿããç°å¢èŠå ã¯å
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"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°Žã¯æ€ç©ã«å¿
èŠãªãã®ã®äžã€ã§ã æ€ç©ã¯æ°Žãæ ¹ã®æ ¹æ¯ããåžåãã èã®é管ãéããŠç§»åãã èã®æ°åããèžæ£ããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ ¹ã®å€åŽã«ã¯è¡šç®çŽ°èããã®è¡šç®çŽ°èãå€åœ¢ããæ ¹æ¯ããããåžæ°Žãè¡ã£ãŠããã ãã®åŸãæ°Žã¯ç®å±€ã®çŽ°èããã®éãéããé管ã»ä»®é管ãžå°éããã æ ¹ã®å
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"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "æ°Žååã¯äºãã«åŒãåãåéå()ããã£ãŠããã ãã®åéåã«ãã£ãŠæ°Žã¯å°ç®¡ã§éåããããšãªãç¶ããŠããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "èžæ£(transpiration)ã«ã¯ã¯ãã¯ã©èžæ£ãšæ°åèžæ£ãããããã»ãšãã©ã¯æ°åèžæ£ã§ããã èžæ£éã®èª¿ç¯ã¯æ°åã®ééã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããã èžæ£ã¯ãæ°ŽãåŒãäžããåãšãªã£ãŠããã æ°åã¯ã2ã€ã®å蟺现èãåããåã£ãŠã§ããŠããã å蟺现èã®çŽ°èå£ã¯ãå
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"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ ¹å§ãæ°Žååã®åéåãèžæ£ã«ãã£ãŠã æ€ç©ã¯æ°Žãåžåã移åãããŠããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ã¯å
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«ããã æ°Žãšäºé
žåççŽ ããã ã°ã«ã³ãŒã¹ãåæããŠããã ãããå
åæ(photosynthesis)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ã¯å
åæã§äºé
žåççŽ ããé
žçŽ ãäœããšãšãã«ã åŒåžã§é
žçŽ ããäºé
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žåççŽ æ¿åºŠã枩床ã®ãã¡æãäžè¶³ãããã®(éå®èŠå (limiting factor))ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸããšããéå®èŠå 説()ãå±ããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãšæž©åºŠãäžå®ã«ããå
ã®åŒ·ããå€ããŠã¿ãã å
ã®åŒ·ããšå
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飜åç¹(photic saturation point)ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥åã奜ãéœçæ€ç©(sun plant)ã§ã¯ãè£åç¹ãå
飜åç¹ã¯æ¯èŒçé«ãã 匱ãå
ã§ãçè²ã§ããé°çæ€ç©()ã§ã¯ãè£åç¹ãå
飜åç¹ã¯æ¯èŒçäœãã éœçæ€ç©ã«ã¯ã¯ãããããœã©ãã¡ãã¹ã¹ããªã©ãããã é°çæ€ç©ã«ã¯ãããã³ãã€ãã«ã¿ãããªã©ãããã ãŸããåãæ€ç©ã§ããæ¥åœããã®è¯ããšããã®è(éœè, sun leaf)ã¯è£åç¹ãå
飜åç¹ã¯æ¯èŒçé«ãã æ¥åœããã®æªããšããã®è(é°è, shade leaf)ã¯è£åç¹ãå
飜åç¹ã¯æ¯èŒçäœãã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®åŒ·ããšæž©åºŠãäžå®ã«ããäºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãå€ããŠã¿ãã äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãšå
åæé床ãã°ã©ãã«ãããšã äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãäžãããšãšãã«å
åæé床ãäžãããã äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãããäžå®ã®å€ä»¥äžã«ãªããšå
åæé床ã¯äžãããªããªãã ããã¯ãäºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãäœããšãã¯äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãéå®èŠå ãšãªãã äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãé«ããšãã¯äºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠä»¥å€ãéå®èŠå ãšãªã£ãŠããããã§ããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
ã®åŒ·ããšäºé
žåççŽ æ¿åºŠãäžå®ã«ãã枩床ãå€ããŠã¿ãã 枩床ãšå
åæé床ãã°ã©ãã«ãããšã 枩床ãããäžå®ã®å€ã®æã«å
åæé床ãæãäžããã 枩床ãäœããããé«ãããããããšå
åæé床ã¯äžããã ããã¯ãå
åæãè¡ãé
µçŽ ã®åãã«æé©ãªæž©åºŠãããããã§ããã",
"title": "ãããŸã§ã®åŸ©ç¿"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŒç (dormancy)ããæ€ç©ã®çš®åãèœãåºãçºè²ãå§ããããšãçºèœ(Germination)ãšåŒã¶ã çºèœã«ã¯ãæ°Žåã»æž©åºŠã»é
žçŽ ãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶ããããããšãå¿
èŠã§ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŒç ããçš®åã®çºèœã«ã¯ãæ°Žãå¿
èŠã§ããã çš®åã®åšãã«ã¯æ°Žãéãã«ããçš®ç®ãšåŒã°ãããã®ãããããããçš®åã®äŒç ãç¶æããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çš®åã®äŒç ã«ã¯ã¢ãã·ã·ã³é
ž(abscisic acid)ãšããæ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ãé¢ä¿ããŠãããã¢ãã·ã·ã³é
žã¯çºèœãæå¶ããã çºèœã«ã¯ãžãã¬ãªã³(gibberellin)ãšåŒã°ããå¥ã®æ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ããçºèœãä¿é²ããŠããã ãã®ããã«ãžãã¬ãªã³ãšã¢ãã·ãžã³é
žã¯ãçš®åã®çºèœã«é¢ããŠãæ®æç(ãã£ãããŠã)ã«ã察ç«ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ããã³ã ã®ã®çš®åã§ã¯ãèããžãã¬ãªã³ãåæãåæ³ããããããŠãžãã¬ãªã³ã¯èä¹³ã®å€åŽã«ããç³ç²å±€(ããµããã)ã®çŽ°èã«åããããããšã§ãé
µçŽ ã®ã¢ãã©ãŒãŒã®çºçŸãèªå°ããŠãã¢ãã©ãŒãŒãèä¹³ã«ãµããŸãããã³ãã³ãå解ããããšã§ã°ã«ã³ãŒã¹ãªã©ã®ç³ãçæããããããã®ç³ãçºèœã®ããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã«ãªãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ã¿ã¹ããããšã€ã°ãµãã¿ãã³ãã·ãœãªã©ã¯çºèœã«å
ãå¿
èŠãšããçš®åã§ãããå
çºèœçš®å(ã²ããã¯ã€ããã
ããphotoblastic seed)ãšããã ãã£ãœããã«ããã£ãã±ã€ããŠããã¥ãŠãªãªã©ã¯çºèœã«å
ãå¿
èŠãšããªãçš®åã§ãããæçºèœçš®å(ããã¯ã€ããã
ããdark germinater)ãšããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ã¿ã¹ã®çš®å(å
çºèœçš®å)ã¯ãèµ€è²å
(ããããããããæ³¢é·660nm)ãåœãŠããšçºèœãä¿é²ããé èµ€è²å
(ããããããããããæ³¢é·730nm)ãåœãŠããšçºèœãæã¡æ¶ãããã èµ€è²å
ãšé èµ€è²å
ã亀äºã«ããŠãå ŽåãæåŸã«ç
§å°ãããå
ã®æ³¢é·ã«ãã£ãŠçºèœã®æç¡ã決ãŸãã æåŸã«èµ€è²å
ãåœãŠãå Žåã«ã¯çºèœããŠããã£ãœãæåŸã«é èµ€è²å
ãåœãŠãå Žåã«ã¯çºèœããªãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãããªä»çµã¿ã¯ãæ€ç©ããä»ã«æ€ç©ã®å€ãå Žæã§ã¯çºèœããªãããã«ããããã®å·¥å€«ã§ãããšèããããŠããããªããªããå
ã¯æ€ç©ã®èãééãããšãèµ€è²å
ãªã©ã¯åžåãããŠé èµ€è²å
ã ãã«ãªãããããä»ã«æ€ç©ãå€ããšãä»ã®æ€ç©ã«å°äžã®æ é€ãæ°Žåãªã©ã奪ãããããããã§ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
çºèœçš®åã®çºèœã«ã¯ããã£ãã¯ãã (phytochrome)ãšããè²çŽ ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãå容äœãšããŠé¢ä¿ããŠããããã£ãã¯ãã ã®ããã«ãå
ãåãåãå容äœãå
å容äœ(ã²ãããã
ãããã)ãšããããã£ãã¯ãã ã«ã¯2ã€ã®åããããèµ€è²å
ãæããå(PRãŸãã¯Prãšè¡šèš)ãšãé èµ€è²å
ãæããå(PFRãŸãã¯Pfrãšè¡šèš)ãããããããã¯å
ãåžåããããšã«ãã£ãŠçžäºã«å€æããããPRã¯èµ€è²å
ãåžåããããšã§PFRã«å€åãããPFRã¯é èµ€è²å
ãåžåããããšã§Prã«å€åããããã®ãã£ãã¯ãã ã®2ã€ã®åã«ãã£ãŠãæåŸã«åœãã£ãå
ã®æ³¢é·ãèµ€è²å
ãé èµ€è²å
ããåºå¥ããŠããã PFRåãå¢ãããšãžãã¬ãªã³ã®åæãèªå°ããããžãã¬ãªã³ã«ãã£ãŠçºèœãä¿é²ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãœããä»ã®æ€ç©ãçãèã£ãŠããå Žæãªã©ã«ããçš®åã§ã¯ããŸããã®æ€ç©ã®èç·äœãèµ€è²å
ãåžåããŠãåžåãããªãã£ãé èµ€è²å
ãçš®åã«å±ãã®ã§ãçš®åäžã®ãã£ãã¯ãã ã§ã¯PFRãé èµ€è²å
ãåžåããŠPRã«ãªã£ãŠããããçš®åäžã«PRåãã£ãã¯ãã ãå€ããPFRåã¯å°ãªãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããŠçš®åã¯è±èœåœ¢æãçš®åã®çºèœã調ç¯ããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã¬ã¿ã¹ã®çš®åã®çºèœã¯ãžãã¬ãªã³ã«ãããã®ãªã®ã§ãããšãææã§ãã£ãŠããã¬ã¿ã¹ã®çš®åã«ãžãã¬ãªã³ãå€éšããäžããã°ãã¬ã¿ã¹ã®çš®åã¯çºèœããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ãåºæ¿ã®æ¹åã«å¯ŸããŠäžå®ã®æ¹åã«å±æ²ããæ§è³ªãå±æ§(ãã£ãããtropism)ãšåŒã³ã åºæ¿ã®æ¹åã«é¢ä¿ãªãéåããæ§è³ªãåŸæ§(ãããããnasty)ãšåŒã¶ã å±æ§ã«ã¯ãå
å±æ§(phototropism)ãéåå±æ§(gravitropism)ãæ°Žåå±æ§(hydrotropism)ãååŠå±æ§(chemotropism)ãæ¥è§Šå±æ§(thigmotropism)ãªã©ãããã åºæ¿ã®æ¹åãžåãã£ãŠå±æ²ããããšãæ£ã®å±æ²ãšããã ãã®éãè² ã®å±æ²ãšããã åŸæ§ã«ã¯ãåŸç±æ§(thermonasty )ãåŸå
æ§(photonasty)ãåŸè§Šæ§(aeschynomenous)ãªã©ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³(auxin)ãšããæ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ããå
å±æ§ã«é¢ä¿ããŠããããªãŒãã·ã³ã¯èã®å
端éšã§åæãããããããŠããªãŒãã·ã³ã¯å
ã®åœãããªãåŽã«ç§»åããããããŠããªãŒãã·ã³ã®å€ãåŽ(ã€ãŸãå
ã®åœãããªãåŽ)ã§ã¯ã现èãããã䌞匵ãããããçµæçã«æ€ç©ãæ²ããã æ€ç©ã®å€©ç¶ã®ãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ã€ã³ããŒã«é
¢é
ž(ã€ã³ããŒã«ãããããIAAãindole acetic acid)ã§ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
å±æ§ã®ç 究ã«ã¯ããŒãŠã£ã³ããã€ã»ã³ã»ã€ã§ã³ã»ã³ããŠã§ã³ããã±ãŒã°ã«ãã®ç 究ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1880幎ãé²åè«ã§ãæåãªããŒãŠã£ã³ç¶å(ã€ã®ãªã¹)ã¯ã ã«ããªãŒã¯ãµãšã·(åŠå:Phalaris canariensis)ã®å¹ŒèéãçšããŠäžæ¹åããå
ãåœãŠãå
å±æ§ã®å®éšãè¡ã£ãã ãã®ãŸãŸå
ãåœãŠããšãå
ã®æ¹åã«å±æ²ããã 幌èé(ããããããããè±: coleoptileãåèéãšã)ãåã®äžãžåããå
端éšã ãåã®äžããåºããšãå
端éšã®äžæ¹ã§å±æ²ããã å
端éšãé«ç®ã§èŠããšãå±æ²ããªãã£ãã ãããããã幌èéã¯ãå
ã®æ¹åãæç¥ããã®ã¯å
端éšã§ããããã®åºæ¿ã«åå¿ããŠå
端éšãããäžã®éšäœãå±æ²ããããšãããã£ãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1913幎ããã³ããŒã¯ã®ãã€ã»ã³ã»ã€ã§ã³ã»ã³ã¯ã ãã«ã©ã¹ã ã®(åŠå:Avena sativa)ã®å¹ŒèéãçšããŠäžæ¹åããå
ãåœãŠãå®éšãè¡ã£ãã å
端éšãåããå
端éšãšåºéšãšã®éã«ããŒã©ãã³çãæããšãå±æ²ããããŒã©ãã³çã¯æ°Žãéãã å
åŽã«é²æ¯çãåºããšãå±æ²ããã 圱åŽã«é²æ¯çãåºããšãå±æ²ããªãã£ãã ãããããã幌èéã¯ã å
ãå
端éšã§å容ãããšã ãŒã©ãã³çãéãæé·ä¿é²ã®ç©è³ªãäœããããã®æé·ä¿é²ç©è³ªã¯å
ã®åœãããªãåŽã«ç§»åããŠããããŠäžæ¹ã«ç§»åããŠäœçšããããšãããã£ãããããŠãŒã©ãã³çã¯æ°Žãéãããšãããæé·ãä¿é²ããç©è³ªã¯ã氎溶æ§ã§ããããšã瀺åããå®éã«æ°Žæº¶æ§ã§ããããšããã®ã¡ã«åãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1928幎ããªã©ã³ãã®ãŠã§ã³ãã¯ã ãã«ã©ã¹ã ã®ã®å¹ŒèéãçšããŠäžæ¹åããå
ãåœãŠãå®éšãè¡ã£ãã ãŸããå
端éšã ããå¯å€©çã«ä¹ããäžæ¹åããå
ãåœãŠãã 次ã«ããã®å¯å€©çãå
åŽãšåœ±åŽã«ååã«åãã ãããããå
端éšãåé€ãã幌èéã«ä¹ããã ãããšãå
åŽã®å¯å€©çãä¹ãã幌èéã¯æé·ããªãã£ããã 圱åŽã®å¯å€©çãä¹ãã幌èéã¯æé·ããã ããããããå
端éšã§äœãããååŠç©è³ªã¯ã 圱åŽãžç§»åããŠããäžéãã æé·ãä¿é²ããããšãããã£ãããã®ãããªæ€ç©æé·ã®ä¿é²ç©è³ªãããããšãåããããªãŒãã·ã³(auxin)ãšåã¥ããããããªãŒãã·ã³ã®ããã«ã埮éã§æ€ç©ã®æé·ãäœçšã調ç¯ããç©è³ªããŸãšããŠæ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ãšããã ãŸãããŠã§ã³ãã¯å±æ²ã®è§åºŠããæé·ä¿é²ç©è³ªã®æ¿åºŠã調ã¹ãã¢ããå±æ²è©Šéšæ³(avena curvature test)(å¥å:ã¢ãããã¹ã)ãèæ¡ããããã«ã©ã¹ã ã®ã®åŠå avena sativa(ã¢ãã ãµãã£ã)ã®å±åã«ç±æ¥ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1934幎ããã€ãã®ã±ãŒã°ã«ã¯ã æ€ç©ã®ããããã®æé·ä¿é²ç©è³ªããªãŒãã·ã³(auxin)ãšåã¥ããããã®ãšãããŸã ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®ååŠæ§é ã¯ã¯ã£ããããŠããªãã£ãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ã¡ã«æ€ç©ã®å€©ç¶ã®ãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ã€ã³ããŒã«é
¢é
ž(ã€ã³ããŒã«ãããããIAAãindole acetic acid)ãšããç©è³ªã§ããããšãçªãæ¢ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ãèã®å
端ããæ ¹ã®æ¹åãžãšç§»åãããéã«ã¯ç§»åããªããããã¯èãããããŸã«ããŠãã移åæ¹åã¯ãèé âæ ¹ã®ãŸãŸå€ãããªããããšãã°å¹Œèéãåãåã£ãŠããããŸã«ããŠãäžåŽ(æ ¹ã®åŽ)ããªãŒãã·ã³ããµããã å¯å€©çã«æ¥è§ŠãããŠããåç«ãã幌èéã§ã¯ãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ç§»åããªãããã®ããã«ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®ç§»åã«èâæ ¹ãšããæ¹åæ§ãããããšã極æ§(ããããã)ãšããããã®ãããªæ¥µæ§ã«ãããã£ããªãŒãã·ã³ã®ç§»åã®ããšã極æ§ç§»å(ããããã ãã©ã)ãšããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ€ç©ã®çŽ°èèã«ã¯ãªãŒãã·ã³ãåãå
¥ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª(AUX1)ãšããªãŒãã·ã³ãæåºããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª(PIN)ãããããšãåãã£ãŠããããããã®ãªãŒãã·ã³èŒžéã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããæ€ç©ã®åšå®ããšã«ããããã现èã®ç¹å®æ¹åã®é¢ã«çå¯ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãçµæçã«ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®æ¥µæ§ç§»åãè¡ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³ã移åããä»çµã¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããŸã æªè§£æã®éšåããããåŠè
ãã¡ã®ç 究äžã§ããã ä»ã®ãšããã®èª¬ã¯ããªãŒãã·ã³(ã€ã³ããŒã«é
¢é
ž)ã¯ã现èå£ã现èèã«äœçšããŠãããšèããããŠãããé
žã®æ°ŽçŽ ã€ãªã³(H)ãé¢ãã£ãŠãããšãããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ ¹ã®éåå±æ§ã®ä»çµã¿ã¯ãæ ¹å ã®çŽ°èäžã«ããã¢ãããã©ã¹ããšãããã³ãã³ããµãã现èå°åšå®ãå€ãããããã®ã¢ãããã©ã¹ããéåã«ãã£ãŠäžæ¹ã«ç§»åãããã®çŽ°èå
ã®äžéšã«ã¢ãããã©ã¹ããéãŸãããšãããªãŒãã·ã³ã茞éãããªãŒãã·ã³èŒžéã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª(AUX1ãPIN)ã«ãäœããã®åœ±é¿ãäžããŠãããšãããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®æé©æ¿åºŠã¯æ€ç©ã®åšå®ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªãã ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®æé©æ¿åºŠã¯ è>åŽèœ>æ ¹ ã®é ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã«ããªãŒãã·ã³ã®æ¿åºŠãé«ããããšãæé·ãæå¶ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯æ¥µæ§ç§»åãšã¯å¥ã«ãéåã«ãã£ãŠç§»åããã幌èéãæ°Žå¹³ã«ãããšãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯éåã«ãã£ãŠäžéšã«éãŸããèãšæ ¹ã§ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®æé©æ¿åºŠãéããæé©æ¿åºŠã倧å¹
ã«è¶ãããšããããæå¶ããããããçµæçã«èãšæ ¹ããäžå³ãæ°Žå¹³ã«ãã幌èéã®éåå±æ§ãã®ããã«æ²ãã£ãŠæé·ããŠãããéåãšåãæ¹åã«æ²ããæ ¹ã®ãããæ£ã®éåå±æ§ã§ãããèã®ããã¯è² ã®éåå±æ§ã§ããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "èã®é èœ(ã¡ããããèã®å
端ã®èœã®ããš)ãæé·ããŠãããšãã¯ããã®ãªãŒãã·ã³æ¿åºŠã§ã¯åŽèœ(ããã)ã¯æå¶ãããŠæé·ã§ããªãã ãããé èœåªå¢(ã¡ããããããããapical dominance)ãšåŒã¶ãé èœåªå¢ã«ã¯ããµã€ãã«ã€ãã³ãšããå¥ã®æ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ãé¢ä¿ããŠããã é èœãé€å»ããŠãåæèœã«ãªãŒãã·ã³ãäžãããšãåŽèœã¯æé·ããªãããŸããé èœãæ®ããŠãåŽèœã«ãµã€ãã«ã€ãã³ãäžãããšãåŽèœã¯æé·ããããããã®çµæãã仮説ãšããŠããªãŒãã·ã³ããåŽèœã®æé·ã«å¿
èŠãªãµã€ãã«ã€ãã³ã®åæãæå¶ããŠããããšèããããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(æªèšè¿°)",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®ä»ã®æ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ãšããŠã¯ã æ€ç©ã®æé·ãä¿ããžãã¬ãªã³(gibberellin)ã æå®ã®æçãä¿ããšãã¬ã³(ethylene)ã 现èåè£ãä¿ããµã€ãã«ã€ãã³(cytokinin)ã çš®åã®äŒç ãç¶æããã¢ãã·ã·ã³é
ž(abscisic acid)ãªã©ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãžãã¬ãªã³ã®çºèŠã¯ãã€ãã®éŠ¬é¹¿èç
(ã°ããªãã³ãã)ãšããèäžã®å€§ãããªãç
æ°ã®ç 究ãããé»æ²¢è±äžã«ãã£ãŠçºèŠãã(1926幎)ãèªç°è²æ²»éã«ãã£ãŠåé¢ã»çµæ¶åããåœåããã(1930幎代)ãããã«ã(åŠå:Gibberellaããžãã¬ã©å±)ããžãã¬ãªã³ãåæ³ããããšãåããããã®ãžãã¬ãªã³ãã€ãã®èäžã倧ããããŠããããšãåãã£ããåœåã¯ãžãã¬ãªã³ã¯ã«ãã®ç£çããæ¯çŽ ãšèããããŠããããã®åŸãå¥åº·ãªæ€ç©èªäœããžãã¬ãªã³ãçæããŠããããšãåããããžãã¬ãªã³ã¯æ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ã ãšåãã£ãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãžãã¬ãªã³ã®äœçšã¯èäžã䌞ã°ã以å€ã«ããããåç²ããŠãªãåæ¿ã«æå®ãã€ãããæé·ããã(åçºçµå®)ã®ã§ãçš®ç¡ããããŠãªã©ã®çç£ã«ããžãã¬ãªã³ã¯å©çšãããŠãããåç²ããŠãªãåæ¿ã«æå®äœãããããšãåçºçµå®(ããããã€ãã€)ãšããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãã¬ã³ã¯æ°äœã§ãããååŠåŒ C2H4 ã®æ€ç©ãã«ã¢ã³ã§ããããšãã¬ã³ã¯æå®ã®æçãããªãããçãããªã³ãŽããã¯ãšãã¬ã³ãè¯ãåºãŠãããå¯éãã容åšã«çãããªã³ãŽãšæªçãªããããå
¥ããŠãããšãããããæ©ãçããäžã€ã®ç®±ã«ãªã³ãŽãããã€ãå
¥ããŠãããšãäžã€ã§ãå¡Ÿããšããšãã¬ã³ãåºããŠä»ã®ãªã³ãŽãçãããã®ã§ãã»ãŒåæã«å€ãã®ãªã³ãŽãçãã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããå
åãªæ°Žãããå Žåãæ°åã«ããåç现èã«æ°Žãåã蟌ãŸããåç现èã湟æ²ããçµæçã«æ°åãéãã æ°Žåãäžè¶³ãããšãèã§ã¢ãã·ãžã³é
žãåæãããèã§ã®ã¢ãã·ãžã³é
žã®æ¿åºŠãé«ãŸãã浞éã«ãã£ãŠåŸç·šçŽ°èããã¯æ°Žãæµåºããåç现èã®èšå§ãäœäžããŠæ°åãéããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æé·ããã°è±ãšãªãèœãè±èœ(floral bud)ãšåŒã¶ã è±èœåœ¢æã«ã¯å
ã枩床ãé¢ä¿ããŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±èœåœ¢æãææã®é·ãã«ãã£ãŠèª¿ç¯ãããæ§è³ªãå
åšæ§(photoperiodism)ãšããã æ€ç©ã¯äžå®ã®é·ãã®ææãç¶ããšè±èœåœ¢æãè¡ãã ãã®äžå®ã®é·ãã®ææãéçææ(critical dark period)ãšããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éçææ以äžã§è±èœã圢æããæ€ç©ãé·æ¥æ€ç©(long-day plant)ãšããã éçææ以äžã§è±èœã圢æããæ€ç©ãçæ¥æ€ç©(short-day plant)ãšããã éçææã«åœ±é¿ãåããªãæ€ç©ãäžæ§æ€ç©(neutral plant)ãšããã é·æ¥æ€ç©ã«ã¯ã¢ãã©ããããŠã¬ã³ãœãŠãªã©ãããã çæ¥æ€ç©ã«ã¯ãã€ãºãã³ã¹ã¢ã¹ãªã©ãããã äžæ§æ€ç©ã«ã¯ããããããŠã¢ãã³ã·ãªã©ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "人çºçã«éçææãçãããããšãé·æ¥åŠç(long-day treatment)ãšããã 人çºçã«éçææãé·ãããããšãçæ¥åŠç(short-day treatment)ãšããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
åšæ§ã«åãããããã«ã¢ã³ã¯è±æãã«ã¢ã³(flowring hormone)ãšåŒã°ãããããªã²ã³(florigen)ãããã ãããªã²ã³ã¯èã§å
ãæç¥ããããšã§åæããã垫管ãéãããšãåãã£ãŠããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±èœåœ¢æã«ã¯äœæž©ã«ãããããããšãå¿
èŠãªæ€ç©ãããã ãããæ¥å(vernalization)ãšåŒã³ã人工çã«æ¥åããããšãæ¥ååŠç()ãšåŒã¶ã æ¥åãå¿
èŠãªæ€ç©ã«ã¯ãç§ãŸãã³ã ã®ãªã©ãããã",
"title": "æ€ç©ã®åå¿ãšèª¿ç¯"
}
] | é«çåŠæ ¡çç© > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšæ€ç© | <small> [[é«çåŠæ ¡çç©]] > çç©I > ç°å¢ãšæ€ç© </small>
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åœããããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ³å»·èšŽèšæ
åœã®äŸã¯ãæ ªäž»ä»£è¡šèšŽèš(äŒç€Ÿ847æ¡)ãéºèšå·è¡è
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ãã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ã»ãªã©ããããšèããããŠããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ä»ãè·åäžã®åœäºè
ãšããã®ããããããã¯ããã®ä»äºã®è·åäžããã蚎èšã®åœäºè
ã«ãªãããšãæ³çã«ãåœç¶ã«ãäºæ³ããããšããè·åã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç Žç£ç®¡è²¡äººãéºèšå·è¡è
ãªã©è²¡ç£ç®¡çåŠåæš©ã®ããè
ã¯åœç¶ããã®è·åã«ãã£ãŠèšŽèšã§ãåœäºè
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ã§ãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã»ãã財ç£ç®¡çåŠåæš©ã¯ç¡ãã§ãããæ幎åŸèŠäººã»æ幎被åŸèŠç£ç£äºº(人蚎14æ¡)ãäžå®ã®æµ·é£äºä»¶ã«ãããè¹é·(å803æ¡)ããªã©ããè·åäžã®åœäºè
ã§ãããšèããããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããããç¹æ®ãªäŸã§ãããé¢å©èšŽèšãªã©ã®äººäºèšŽèšã§ãçžæãæ»äº¡ããå Žåã圢åŒçã«æ€å¯å®ãçžææ¹ã®åœäºè
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ã ãšèããããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æç蚎èšæ
åœã®äŸã¯ãããšãã°å
±å蚎èšã«ãããŠä»£è¡šè
ã決ããéžå®åœäºè
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ã®ããšã§ãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããåŒè·å£«ä»£çã®åå(54æ¡)ã蚎èšä¿¡èšã®çŠæ¢(ä¿¡èš10æ¡)ããããŸãã®ã§ãåŠèª¬ã§ã¯ãéžå®åœäºè
以å€ã«ç¡éãããã«ä»»æç蚎èšæ
åœãå®æœããããšã«ã¯æ¹å€ããããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éžå®åœäºè
以å€ã®ä»»æç蚎èšæ
åœã«ã€ããŠã¯å€äŸãããã€ããããŸãããããŸãå
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"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€äŸã§ã¯ãæ°æ³äžã®çµåã®çµåå¡(æå€æå45ã»11ã»11)ã«èšŽèšè¿œè¡æš©ãäžããå€äŸããããŸãããã以åã®å€äŸã§ã¯çµåå¡ã«ã¯éžå®åœäºè
ã®å Žå以å€ã«ã¯èšŽèšè¿œè¡æš©ããªãã£ãã®ã§(ããšãã° æå€æå37ã»7ã»13æ°é16å·»8å·1516é )ãå€äŸã®åŸåãå€ãã£ããšããäºã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŸåšãæ°æ³äžã®çµåã§ãªããŠããå®è³ªçã«äºä»¶ã«æ·±ãé¢ä¿ããå£äœã®ããã®å£äœã®æ§æå¡ã§ããã°ã蚎èšã®æš©å©ãèªããããäºäŸãæ¯èŒçã«å€ããããŸãã",
"title": "â»ãŠã£ãããŒã·ãã£"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååå
ã®è泚ã§ã¯ãåã«ãå®è¥¿ãPââ(åç
§ããŒãž)ãããäžæšãPââããªã©ç¥ãå Žåãããã",
"title": "äž»ãªåèæç®"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¡äŸã¯åºå
žã«ãã埮åŠã«ç°ãªãå Žåãããã®ã§ãçµ±äžçãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã®ããæç§æžæ¬æã§ã¯å¡äŸãããã®ç¯ãšåŸ®åŠã«éã£ãŠããå Žåãããã®ã§ãé©å®ãé©åã«è§£éãã¹ãããšã",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ°äºèšŽèšæ³ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãååãšããŠæ¡æ°ã®ã¿ã®è¡šèšãšããã",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæ°äºèšŽèšèŠåãã«ã€ããŠã¯ããæ°èšŽèŠããŸãã¯ãèŠããšãããã",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ããã«ç¥èšããç®æããã(å®è¥¿æ¬ãåç
§)ã 以äžã¯äž»èŠãªãã®ãæç²ã",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžèšã®ããã«ç¥èšããç®æããã(äžæšæ¬ãåç
§)ã",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¡äŸ"
}
] | æ³åŠïŒæ°äºæ³ïŒæ°äºèšŽèšæ³ | [[æ³åŠ]]ïŒ[[æ°äºæ³]]ïŒ'''æ°äºèšŽèšæ³'''
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŒç®åãšã¯ã1ã€ä»¥äžã®ãªãã©ã³ãã䌎ã£ãŠåŒãæ§æããæ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãã ãªãã©ã³ãã®æ°ã«ãã£ãŠãåé
æŒç®åã»äºé
æŒç®åã»äžé
æŒç®åã«åé¡ãããŸãã åãèšå·ã䜿ã£ãŠããåé
æŒç®åã ã£ããäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã£ããããæŒç®åããããŸãã åãã°ã笊å·å転-$xãšæžç®$x - $y ã¯ãåãèšå· - ã䜿ããŸãã ããã«ããã¯ãªã¡ã³ã--$x ããåãèšå· - ã䜿ããŸã(--ã§1ã€ã®ããŒã¯ã³ã§éã«ç©ºçœãªã©ã¯å
¥ããããŸãã)ã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããPerlã®æŒç®åã¯ããªãã©ã³ãã®åãæŒç®åã®æ³å®ããåã«åŒ·å¶çã«åå€æããæŒç®ãè¡ãããŸãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŒç®åã®åªå
é äœãšçµåæ§ã¯ãPerlã§ã¯æŠãæ°åŠã®äžçãšåãããã«æ©èœããŸãã",
"title": "æŒç®åã®åªå
床ãšçµåæ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŒç®åã®åªå
é äœã¯ãããæŒç®åãä»ã®æŒç®åããã匷ãã°ã«ãŒãåãããããšãæå³ããŸããããšãã°ã2 + 4 * 5 ã®å Žåãä¹ç®ã®æ¹ãåªå
é äœãé«ãã®ã§ã2 + 4 ãä¹ç®ã®å·ŠåŽã®ãªãã©ã³ããšããŠã°ã«ãŒãåããããããã4 * 5 ãå ç®ã®å³åŽã®ãªãã©ã³ããšããŠã°ã«ãŒãåãããŸããã€ãŸããåŒã¯ (2 + 4) * 5 ã§ã¯ãªãã2 + (4 * 5) ãšæžããããããªãã®ã§ã6 * 5 == 30 ã§ã¯ãªãã2 + 20 == 22 ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "æŒç®åã®åªå
床ãšçµåæ§"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "LEFT OP= å³ ã®åœ¢åŒã®æŒç®åã¯ãLEFT = LEFT OP å³ ãšç䟡ã§ãã OP= ã§1ã€ã®ããŒã¯ã³ã§ããOP ãš = ã®éã«ç©ºçœãæ¹è¡ããã£ãŠã¯ãããŸããã",
"title": "代å
¥æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã§ã¯ãæŒç®åã決ãŸããšãªãã©ã³ãã®åã確å®ããã®ã§ãããã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯äŸå€ã§ãæ°å€ã®ãšã㯠$x++ â $x += 1 â $x = $x + 1 ã§ãããæååãæž¡ããšäžé¢šå€ãã£ãæåãããŸãã",
"title": "ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": ".(ããªãªã)ã¯ãæååå士ãé£çµããŠå¥ã®æååãè¿ãæŒç®åãæååé£çµæŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "æååé£çµæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "x ã¯ãç¹°è¿ãæŒç®åã§ãã Perlã«ããŠã¯çããããªãã©ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠæŒç®å
容ãšè¿ãåãå€ãããŸãã",
"title": "ç¹°è¿ãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "q/STRING/ã¯ãæååãªãã©ã«ãè¡šããŸãã å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éã¯ãè¡ãªãããŸããã â(ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ãªãŒããŒã·ã§ã³)ã§å²ãŸããæååãªãã©ã«ã«çžåœããŸãããâã\\(ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥)ã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã \\ã®å€æèŠåã¯ãäžèšã®å®è¡çµæã®ããã«å€åçã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "qq/STRING/ã¯ãæååãªãã©ã«ãè¡šããŸãã å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éããè¡ãªãããŸãã \"(ããã«ã¯ãªãŒããŒã·ã§ã³)ã§å²ãŸããæååãªãã©ã«ã«çžåœããŸãããâããšã¹ã±ãŒãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã \\ã®å€æèŠåã¯ãäžèšã®å®è¡çµæã®ããã«å€åçã§ãã",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "qw/STRING/ã¯ã空çœããã³æ¹è¡ã§åºåãããæååããæåãªãã©ã«ãèŠçŽ ãšãããªã¹ããè¡šããŸãã å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éã¯ãè¡ãªãããŸããã 察å¿ããä»ã®ãªãã©ã«è¡šçŸããããŸããããæŠã",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããééããšããŠã¯ãã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšã㊠,(ã«ã³ã)ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸã£ããã(è€æ°è¡ã®qw/STRING/ã§)#(äºæ¡)ãã³ã¡ã³ãã«ãªããšæåŸ
ããŠããŸãããšã§ãã ããã¯ãuse warnings;ããuse v5.36.0; warnings ãã©ã°ããæå¹ã«ããããšã§èŠåãåããŸã(Perl5.36.0以é㯠warnings ãã©ã°ããæšæºã§æå¹ã§ãç¡å¹ã«ããã«ã¯ no warnings; ãšããŸã)ã",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£èŠè¡šçŸãªãã©ã«ã®äžè¬å",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããªãã©ã«ã®äžè¬å",
"title": "ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è¡æåã®ã¯ã©ãŒãã®åœ¢åŒã¯ãã·ã§ã«ã®ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ãæ§æã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ãã << ã®åŸã«åŒçšãçµäºããæååãæå®ãããšãçŸåšã®è¡ããçµäºæååãŸã§ã®ãã¹ãŠã®è¡ãããã®é
ç®ã®å€ãšãªããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµäºæååã®åã« ~ ãä»ãããšããã€ã³ãã³ãä»ãHere-docsãã䜿çšããããšãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµäºæååã¯ãèå¥å(åèª)ããåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããããã¹ãã®ã©ã¡ããã§ãã åŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããŠããªãèå¥åã¯äºéåŒçšç¬Šã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã <<ãšèå¥åã®éã«ã¯ãèå¥åãæ瀺çã«åŒçšãããŠããªãéããã¹ããŒã¹ãå
¥ããŠã¯ãããŸããã çµç«¯æååã¯,çµç«¯è¡ã«åç¬ã§ (åŒçšãã,åšå²ã«ç©ºçœãå
¥ããã«) 衚瀺ãããªããã°ãªããŸããã",
"title": "ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çµäºæååãåŒçšãããŠããå Žåã䜿çšãããåŒçšç¬Šã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ããã¹ãã®æ±ãã決ãŸããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æã®ãµã€ãºã®ãããå( Bitstring )ã¯ããããæŒç®å(~ | & ^)ã§æäœããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "ãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããšã®åŠå®ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããšã®è«çå(or)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããšã®è«çç©(and)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããšã®æä»çè«çå(xor)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãããæŒç®å(~. |. &. ^.)ã§ãã",
"title": "æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®åŠå®ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®è«çå(or)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®è«çç©(and)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®æä»çè«çå(xor)ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ãããã·ãããè¡ããŸãã",
"title": "ã·ããæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å·Šãããã·ãããè¡ããŸãã",
"title": "ã·ããæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«çæŒç®ååŒã¯ãå
žåçã«ã¯ifæãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶åŒã«äœ¿ãããŸãããç絡è©äŸ¡ããããå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãšããŠãæ©èœããŸãã || ãš orã&& ãš andã! ãš not ã¯å¥åé¢ä¿ã«ãããŸãããor,and,notã®æ¹ãåªå
é äœãäœãããšãéããŸãããåèªããæŒç®åãããèšå·ã®ã»ãã匷ãããšããŒããŠãã ããã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "||ã¯ãè«çåãè¿ãäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "or ã¯ãåªå
床ãäœãããŒãžã§ã³ã® || æŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«çåã¯å·ŠåŒæ°ãåœã§ããå Žåã®ã¿å³åŒæ°ã®è©äŸ¡ãè¡ããŸãã ãã®ãããªè«çæŒç®åã®å®è³ªçã«å¶åŸ¡æ§é ãšããŠã®æ¯ãèãããç絡è©äŸ¡ããšãã³ãŸãã è«çåã¯ãŸããæåŸã«è©äŸ¡ãããå€ãè¿ãã®ã§äŸå€åŠçã«ã䜿ãããŸãã ãã®ãšã or ã®åªå
床ãäœãããšã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "&&ã¯ãè«çç©ãè¿ãäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "and ã¯ãåªå
床ãäœãããŒãžã§ã³ã® && æŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è«çç©ãç絡è©äŸ¡ãè¡ããŸãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã® // ã¯ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ããã§ã¯ãªã / 2æåãããªãããŒã¯ã³ã§ã|| ãšãã䌌ãŠããŸããã巊蟺ãå®çŸ©ããŠããã°å·ŠèŸºããå®çŸ©ãããŠããªããã°å³èŸºãè¿ããŸãããªãã·ã§ãã«ãªåŒæ°ã®å®çŸ©ç¶æ³ã®ãã¹ããæå³ãããŠããŸãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšç°¡çŽ ã«æžãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "// ã¯ã5.10 ã§è¿œå ãããŸããã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "notã¯ãäžããããè«çåŒã®åŠå®ãè¡šããŸããAãçã®ãšããnot A ã¯åœã§ããAãåœã®ãšããnot A ã¯çã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "! ã¯ãåªå
床ãé«ãããŒãžã§ã³ã® not æŒç®åã§ãã",
"title": "è«çæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžçå·ãè¡šãã®ã«å©çšããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¯èŒæŒç®åã¯æ°å€ã®ä»ãæååã«ã æ°åŠèšå·ã® ⊠㚠<= ã¯åãæå³ã§ãããããœã³ã³ã®çŽæ¥å
¥å(åè§è±æ°)ã«ã¯ ⊠ãç¡ãã®ã§ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ <= ã§ä»£çšãããŸãã ããã¯ãCãåæ§ã§ã(PerlãCãæš¡å£ããã®ã§ãã)ã Fortranã®æ§ã«ASCIIã³ãŒããå¶å®ãããåã®èšèªã§ã¯ '<' ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã»ããã«ãªãã£ããæåã®ãµããŒãããŸã¡ãŸã¡ã ã£ãã®ã§ã.EQ.,.NE.,.GT.,.LT.,.GE.,.LE.,.AND.,.OR.,.NOT. ã®ããã«æŒç®åã®é æåãããã. ã§å²ã¿è¡šçŸããŸããã Perlã®æååã®æ¯èŒæŒç®åãæŠãFortranã®èšæ³ã«ãªãã£ãŠããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åãæ°å€ã§ããããšããéãæ°å€ã§ããããšãè¡šãã®ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã䞡蟺ã®å€æ°ãªã©ã®å
容ã(æååã§ã¯ãªã)æ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "== ã¯ã䞡蟺ã®å€ãçããäºãèŠæ±ããŸããifæã®äžã§ãã䜿ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(Perlã«éããCèšèªãªã©ã§ãã)ãããããã¹ã§ãã=ããšèšå·ãã²ãšã€ã ãã«ãããã¹ããããŸãããããã¯ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããããŸãã¯ä»£å
¥æŒç®åãšããŠè§£éãããã®ã§ãã°ã«ãªããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "!= 㯠䞡蟺ã®å€ãçãããªãäºãèŠæ±ããŸããã€ãŸãã!= ã¯äž¡èŸºã®å€ãéã£ãŠããäºãèŠæ±ããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çãããªãå Žåã® != ã§ã¯ãåŠå®ã®èšå· ! ãå
ã«æ¥ãŸãã(Perl ã«ããããCèšèªãªã©ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ããåæ§ã®é åºã§ãã)",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å·Šå³ã®æ°å€ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ãã -1, 0, 1 ã®ãããããè¿ããŸããããã¯äž»ã«sortã§äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "䞡蟺ã®æååããæååãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ãåãå€ãã調ã¹ããšãã«äœ¿çšããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãã== ããã³ != ã¯äž¡èŸºãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåãªã®ã§ãæå³ãéããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ã¯å€æ°ã«åãç¡ãã®ã§ãCèšèªãšã¯ç°ãªããæ¯èŒæŒç®åã®åŽã§ãå€æ°ã®å
容ãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããããå
容ãæååãšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããã®æå®ãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã®ã§ãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "eq ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæååãšããŠæ¯èŒãããšãã«ã䞡蟺ãåãã§ããããšãèŠæ±ããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããeqããšã¯ equal (çå·ãçãã)ã®ç¥ã§ãããšãããã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ne ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæååãšããŠæ¯èŒãããšãã«ã䞡蟺ãç°ãªãããšãæ¯èŒããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãneããšã¯ not equal ã®ç¥ã ãšãããã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºã€ã®æååã®èŸæžé ã§ã®å€§å°ãæ¯èŒããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äºã€ã®æååã®èŸæžé ã§ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ãã-1, 0, 1ã®ãããããè¿ããŸããããã¯äž»ã«sortã§äœ¿ãããŸãã",
"title": "æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç¯å²æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªããããããæŒç®åãšã㊠.. ãæ¯ãèããšãã¯çã匷ãã§ã",
"title": "ç¯å²æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšç䟡ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¯å²æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãç䟡ã§ãã",
"title": "ç¯å²æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PATTERNã«ããããããã®ãSTRINGã«çœ®æããŸããPATTERNã¯æ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ãã",
"title": "眮ææŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "tr/PATTERN1/PATTERN2/ 1æåã察å¿ãã1æåã«çœ®æããŸããPATTERNã«ã¯æ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ã¯ãªããæåã¯ã©ã¹(è§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®[]ã®å
åŽ)ãæå®ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã€ãã³ã䜿ã£ãŠç¯å²æå®ãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "=~ ã䜿ããªããš $_ ã®å€æ察象ã«ãªããå€æããæåæ°ãè¿ããŸãã",
"title": "ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "->ã¯ãäžçœ®ã®ããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹æŒç®åã§ã巊蟺ã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«å¯Ÿããå³èŸºã®ãã©ãŒã ã«ãããããã",
"title": "ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹åç
§æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåç
§ããŸãã",
"title": "ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹åç
§æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "y/PATTERN1/PATTERN2/ tr///ã®å矩èªã§ãã",
"title": "ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl ã«ã¯ãç§å¯ã®æŒç®å( secret operators )ãšåŒã°ããäžé£ã®ç¬ç¹ã®èšæ³ããããŸãã ãããã¯å®éã«ã¯æŒç®åã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããé«ãé »åºŠã§ã³ãŒãäžã«ç»å Žããã®ã§æ称ãã€ãããããã®ã§ãã",
"title": "ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŒãã¹æŒç®åã¯ãåŒã匷å¶çã«æ°å€åããŸãã",
"title": "ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŒã«ãŒæŒç®åã¯ãæååã®å
éšã§ãªã¹ãè£éãè¡ããŸãããªã¹ãé
ç®ã¯ã$\"ã®å€ã§åºåãããŸãã",
"title": "ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:äŸ]",
"title": "ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å"
}
] | æŒç®åãšã¯ãïŒã€ä»¥äžã®ãªãã©ã³ãã䌎ã£ãŠåŒãæ§æããæ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãã
ãªãã©ã³ãã®æ°ã«ãã£ãŠãåé
æŒç®åã»äºé
æŒç®åã»äžé
æŒç®åã«åé¡ãããŸãã
åãèšå·ã䜿ã£ãŠããåé
æŒç®åã ã£ããäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã£ããããæŒç®åããããŸãã
åãã°ã笊å·å転-$xãšæžç®$x - $y ã¯ãåãèšå· - ã䜿ããŸãã
ããã«ããã¯ãªã¡ã³ã--$x ããåãèšå· - ã䜿ããŸãïŒ--ã§ïŒã€ã®ããŒã¯ã³ã§éã«ç©ºçœãªã©ã¯å
¥ããããŸããïŒã ãŸããPerlã®æŒç®åã¯ããªãã©ã³ãã®åãæŒç®åã®æ³å®ããåã«åŒ·å¶çã«åå€æããæŒç®ãè¡ãããŸãã | {{Nav}}
<includeonly>
=æŒç®å=
</includeonly>
{{Main|[https://perldoc.perl.org/5.36.0/perlop perlop(en)]|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.36.0/perlop.pod perlop(ja)]}}
<!--Perlã¯ãä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšåæ§ã«è±å¯ãªæŒç®åãæã¡ãŸãã-->
æŒç®åãšã¯ãïŒã€ä»¥äžã®ãªãã©ã³ãã䌎ã£ãŠåŒãæ§æããæ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãã
ãªãã©ã³ãã®æ°ã«ãã£ãŠãåé
æŒç®åã»äºé
æŒç®åã»äžé
æŒç®åã«åé¡ãããŸãã
åãèšå·ã䜿ã£ãŠããåé
æŒç®åã ã£ããäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã£ããããæŒç®åããããŸãã
åãã°ã笊å·å転<code>-$x</code>ãšæžç®<code>$x - $y</code> ã¯ãåãèšå· <code>-</code> ã䜿ããŸãã
ããã«ããã¯ãªã¡ã³ã<code>--$x</code> ããåãèšå· <code>-</code> ã䜿ããŸãïŒ<code>--</code>ã§ïŒã€ã®ããŒã¯ã³ã§éã«ç©ºçœãªã©ã¯å
¥ããããŸããïŒã
ãŸããPerlã®æŒç®åã¯ããªãã©ã³ãã®åãæŒç®åã®æ³å®ããåã«åŒ·å¶çã«åå€æããæŒç®ãè¡ãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x + $y # å ç®ããªãã©ã³ããæ°å€ã§ãªãå Žåã¯æ°å€ã«å€æããŠããå ç®ã
$x . $y # çµåããªãã©ã³ããæååã§ãªãå Žåã¯æååã«å€æããŠããçµåã
$x x $y # ç¹°è¿ããå·Šãªãã©ã³ãã®æååãšã¿ãªããå³ãªãã©ã³ããæ°å€ãšã¿ãªãããã®åæ°ã ãç¹°ãè¿ãã
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãã®ããã«æŒç®åããããã°ããªãã©ã³ãã®åãããããŸãã
: ãã©ã³ã¹èªã®åè©ãæ¶ãããšãã«æ§ãåæã«æ¶ããããã«ãPerl ã®æŒç®åãæ¶ãããšãã«ã¯ãªãã©ã³ãã®åãåæã«æ¶ããŸãããã
: å€ãã®ãªãã©ã³ãã¯ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã§ãã
:: ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã<code>++</code>ã®ããã«æ°å€ãæååããšãåŸãäŸå€ããäºé
æŒç®åã® <code>x</code> ã®æ§ã«ãªã¹ããåãäŸå€ããããŸãããæ¬åãèŠããããšãååã®äŸå€ãç解ããã®ãå
šäœãç解ããæ©éã§ãã
== æŒç®åã®åªå
床ãšçµåæ§ ==
æŒç®åã®åªå
é äœãšçµåæ§ã¯ãPerlã§ã¯æŠãæ°åŠã®äžçãšåãããã«æ©èœããŸãã
æŒç®åã®åªå
é äœã¯ãããæŒç®åãä»ã®æŒç®åããã匷ãã°ã«ãŒãåãããããšãæå³ããŸããããšãã°ã2 + 4 * 5 ã®å Žåãä¹ç®ã®æ¹ãåªå
é äœãé«ãã®ã§ã2 + 4 ãä¹ç®ã®å·ŠåŽã®ãªãã©ã³ããšããŠã°ã«ãŒãåããããããã4 * 5 ãå ç®ã®å³åŽã®ãªãã©ã³ããšããŠã°ã«ãŒãåãããŸããã€ãŸããåŒã¯ (2 + 4) * 5 ã§ã¯ãªãã2 + (4 * 5) ãšæžããããããªãã®ã§ã6 * 5 == 30 ã§ã¯ãªãã2 + 20 == 22 ãšãªããŸãã
:{| class=wikitable
|+ æŒç®åã®åªå
床ãšçµåæ¹å<ref>[https://perldoc.perl.org/perlop#Operator-Precedence-and-Associativity Operator Precedence and Associativity]</ref>
|-
! æŒç®å !! çµåæ¹å
|-
| é
ãªã¹ãæŒç®åïŒå·ŠããïŒ || å·Š
|-
| [[#%EF%BD%B0%3E|->]] || å·Š
|-
| [[#++|++]] [[#--|--]] || ç¡çµå
|-
| [[#**|**]] || å³
|-
| [[#!|!]] [[#~|~]] [[#~.|~.]] [[#\|\]] +é
-é
|| å³
|-
| [[#=~|=~]] !~ || å·Š
|-
| * / % x || å·Š
|-
| + - . || å·Š
|-
| << >> || å·Š
|-
| ååä»ãåé
æŒç®å || ç¡çµå
|-
| isa || ç¡çµå
|-
| < > <= >= lt gt le ge || é£é<ref name=chained>Perl5.32ãã<code>0<= $x && $x < 12</code> ã <code>0<= $x < 12</code> æžããããã«ãªããŸããã</ref>
|-
| == != eq ne <=> cmp ~~ || é£é/ç¡çµå<ref name=chained/>
|-
| & &. || å·Š
|-
| <nowiki>|</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki>. ^ ^. || å·Š
|-
| && || å·Š
|-
| <nowiki>||</nowiki> // || å·Š
|-
| .. ... || ç¡çµå
|-
| ?: || å³
|-
| [[#=|=]] += -= *= ãªã©ã®ä»£å
¥æŒç®å goto last next redo dump || å³
|-
| , => || å·Š
|-
| ãªã¹ãæŒç®å (å³ãã) || ç¡çµå
|-
| not || å³
|-
| and || å·Š
|-
| or xor || å·Š
|}
== 代å
¥æŒç®å ==
=== = ===
:巊蟺ã®å€æ°ã«å³èŸºã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããæçžããŸãã
:[[#my|my]], [[#local|local]] ã [[#state|state]] ã«ããå€æ°å®£èšã«äŒŽã <code>=</code> ã¯ä»£å
¥ã§ã¯ãªãåæåã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/utOPCak_W8dCu3hv-Er_IA?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $x = 1; # $x ã 1 ã§åæå
say "\$x = $x";
$x = "abc"; # $x ã« "abc" ã代å
¥
say "\$x = $x";
my @x = ("xyz", 1, 3.14); # @x ã ("xyz", 1, 3.14) ã§åæå
say "\@x = @x";
say "\$x = $x";
my $y = 0;
$x = $y = 123;
say "\$x = $x, \$y = $y";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$x = 1
$x = abc
@x = xyz 1 3.14
$x = abc
$x = 123, $y = 123
</syntaxhighlight>
: $x ã®å€ã«æ³šç®ãããšã代å
¥ãããã³ã«æ¹ãéããªããžã§ã¯ãã«æçžãããŠããŸãã
:: ããã¯æ£åžžãªåäœã§ãstrict ãã©ã°ãããã£ãŠãwarningsãã©ã°ãããã£ãŠããéãåã®å€ã®ä»£å
¥ããšã©ãŒãèŠåãåºãŸããã
: @x ã«ä»£å
¥ããåŸãã$x ã®å€ã¯å€ãããªãã®ã§ãååãåãã§ãæ¥é èŸïŒ$ @ ã %ïŒãéãå€æ°ã¯å¥ã®å€æ°ãã§ããããšãããããŸãã
: 代å
¥ã¯åŒã§ãå€ã¯ä»£å
¥ãããå€ã§ãã
: 代å
¥ã¯å³çµåãªã®ã§ã<code>$x = $y = 123</code> 㯠<code>$x = ( $y = 123 )</code> ãšè§£ãããŸãã
=== += ===
=== -= ===
=== *= ===
=== /= ===
=== %= ===
=== **= ===
<code>LEFT OP= å³</code> ã®åœ¢åŒã®æŒç®åã¯ã<code>LEFT = LEFT OP å³</code> ãšç䟡ã§ãã
<code>OP=</code> ã§ïŒã€ã®ããŒã¯ã³ã§ãã<code>OP</code> ãš <code>=</code> ã®éã«ç©ºçœãæ¹è¡ããã£ãŠã¯ãããŸããã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x += $y; # $x = $x + $y ãšç䟡
$x -= $y; # $x = $x - $y ãšç䟡
$x *= $y; # $x = $x * $y ãšç䟡
$x /= $y; # $x = $x / $y ãšç䟡
$x %= $y; # $x = $x % $y ãšç䟡
$x **= $y; # $x = $x ** $y ãšç䟡
</syntaxhighlight>
=== .= ===
;[https://paiza.io/projects/7xPfnkj-Jx0B0b7nd-vLyA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
my $x;
$x .= "abc";
say $x;
$x .= "XYZ";
say $x;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
abc
abcXYZ
</syntaxhighlight>
: æååãçµåããŠä»£å
¥ããŸãã
: å€æ°ãæªå®çŸ©ããããã¯ã¿åæåã®å ŽåïŒundefã®å ŽåïŒãundefã "" ã«èªåå€æããå³èŸºã®å€ãšçµåâŠã€ãŸãæ®éã®ä»£å
¥ãè¡ãªãããŸãã
=== x= ===
;[https://paiza.io/projects/f68Bto1eqy88piQlgKuzSA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
my $x = "abc";
$x x= 4;
say $x;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
abcabcabcabc
</syntaxhighlight>
: ç¹°è¿ããŠä»£å
¥ããŸãã
== ç®è¡æŒç®å ==
=== + ===
=== - ===
=== * ===
=== / ===
=== % ===
=== ** ===
: ååæŒç®ãšå°äœããã³çŽ¯ä¹ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/nB_GZEefthhSk1leeUaMNg?language=perl ååæŒç®ãšå°äœããã³çŽ¯ä¹]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
foreach my $x(-7, 0, -7) {
foreach my $y(-3, 1, 3) {
foreach my $op(qw(+ - * / % **)) {
my $expr = "$x $op $y";
print "$expr -> @{[eval $expr]}:\t"
}
print "\n"
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
-7 + -3 -> -10: -7 - -3 -> -4: -7 * -3 -> 21: -7 / -3 -> 2.33333333333333: -7 % -3 -> -1: -7 ** -3 -> -0.00291545189504373:
-7 + 1 -> -6: -7 - 1 -> -8: -7 * 1 -> -7: -7 / 1 -> -7: -7 % 1 -> 0: -7 ** 1 -> -7:
-7 + 3 -> -4: -7 - 3 -> -10: -7 * 3 -> -21: -7 / 3 -> -2.33333333333333: -7 % 3 -> 2: -7 ** 3 -> -343:
0 + -3 -> -3: 0 - -3 -> 3: 0 * -3 -> 0: 0 / -3 -> 0: 0 % -3 -> 0: 0 ** -3 -> Inf:
0 + 1 -> 1: 0 - 1 -> -1: 0 * 1 -> 0: 0 / 1 -> 0: 0 % 1 -> 0: 0 ** 1 -> 0:
0 + 3 -> 3: 0 - 3 -> -3: 0 * 3 -> 0: 0 / 3 -> 0: 0 % 3 -> 0: 0 ** 3 -> 0:
-7 + -3 -> -10: -7 - -3 -> -4: -7 * -3 -> 21: -7 / -3 -> 2.33333333333333: -7 % -3 -> -1: -7 ** -3 -> -0.00291545189504373:
-7 + 1 -> -6: -7 - 1 -> -8: -7 * 1 -> -7: -7 / 1 -> -7: -7 % 1 -> 0: -7 ** 1 -> -7:
-7 + 3 -> -4: -7 - 3 -> -10: -7 * 3 -> -21: -7 / 3 -> -2.33333333333333: -7 % 3 -> 2: -7 ** 3 -> -343:
</syntaxhighlight>
: é€ç®ã¯æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ãè¿ãã®ã«ãå°äœæŒç®ã¯æŽæ°ãè¿ãããšã§ãã
: ãŸããå°äœæŒç®ã¯ <code>-7 % -3 -> -1</code> ãšè¥å¹²çããããŸãã
== ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã ==
=== ++ ===
:ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯å€æ°ã®å€ãïŒå¢ããŸãã
:<code>$x++</code>ã¯ã<code>$x += 1</code>ããã³<code>$x = $x + 1</code>ãšç䟡ãªæŒç®ãè¡ããŸãã
:<code>++</code> ã¯å眮ããããšïŒ<code>++$x</code>ïŒãåŸçœ®ããããšïŒ<code>$x++</code>ïŒãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/bvqSEC7QMPRkHOOrF9suEQ?language=perl ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $x = 10;
print "\$x = $x\n";
$x++;
print "\$x = $x\n";
++$x;
print "\$x = $x\n";
print $x++ . "\n";
print "\$x = $x\n";
print ++$x . "\n";
print "\$x = $x\n";
my $q;
$q++;
print "\$q = $q\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$x = 10
$x = 11
$x = 12
12
$x = 13
14
$x = 14
$q = 1
</syntaxhighlight>
: å眮<code>++$x</code>ã§ãåŸçœ®<code>$x++</code>ã§ãå®è¡çµæã¯åãã§ãã
: åŒã®å€ã¯
:; å眮<code>++$x</code> : ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãåŸã®å€
:; åŸçœ®<code>$x++</code> : ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãåã®å€
: ãšç°ãªããŸãã
: æåŸã® $q ã¯ããããªãããŒã§ãã
: 宣èšã ãã§åæåãè¡ãªããªãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ã®å€ã¯ undef ã§ãããã®å€æ°ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãããå Žå
:: undef ãæ°å€ã«å€æããã undef â 0ãå€æããã 0 ãã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã â 1 ãšããåå¿çµè·¯ã«ãªããŸãã
ã
==== ããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã ====
Perlã§ã¯ãæŒç®åã決ãŸããšãªãã©ã³ãã®åã確å®ããã®ã§ãããã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯äŸå€ã§ãæ°å€ã®ãšã㯠<code>$x++ â $x += 1 â $x = $x + 1</code> ã§ãããæååãæž¡ããšäžé¢šå€ãã£ãæåãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print <<EOS;
@{[ ++($foo = "99") ]}
@{[ ++($foo = "a0") ]}
@{[ ++($foo = "Az") ]}
@{[ ++($foo = "zz") ]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
100
a1
Ba
aaa
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãã®æåçã«å¯Ÿããäžæè°ãªã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã
: ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã«ãããžã«ã«ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯ãããŸããã
=== -- ===
:ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã¯å€æ°ã®å€ãïŒæžãããŸãã
:<code>$x--</code>ã¯ã<code>$x -= 1</code>ããã³<code>$x = $x - 1</code>ãšç䟡ãªæŒç®ãè¡ããŸãã
:<code>--</code> ã¯å眮ããããšïŒ<code>--$x</code>ïŒãåŸçœ®ããããšïŒ<code>$x--</code>ïŒãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/X_ORnNzjHEywfZ6J-XD-8g?language=perl ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $x = 10;
print "\$x = $x\n";
$x--;
print "\$x = $x\n";
--$x;
print "\$x = $x\n";
print $x-- . "\n";
print "\$x = $x\n";
print --$x . "\n";
print "\$x = $x\n";
my $q;
$q--;
print "\$q = $q\n";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$x = 10
$x = 9
$x = 8
8
$x = 7
6
$x = 6
$q = -1
</syntaxhighlight>
: å眮<code>--$x</code>ã§ãåŸçœ®<code>$x--</code>ã§ãå®è¡çµæã¯åãã§ãã
: åŒã®å€ã¯
:; å眮<code>--$x</code> : ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãåŸã®å€
:; åŸçœ®<code>$x--</code> : ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ãåã®å€
: ãšç°ãªããŸãã
: æåŸã® $q ã¯ããããªãããŒã§ãã
: 宣èšã ãã§åæåãè¡ãªããªãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå€æ°ã®å€ã¯ undef ã§ãããã®å€æ°ããã¯ãªã¡ã³ãããå Žå
:: undef ãæ°å€ã«å€æããã undef â 0ãå€æããã 0 ããã¯ãªã¡ã³ã â -1 ãšããåå¿çµè·¯ã«ãªããŸãã
== æååé£çµæŒç®å ==
=== . ===
<code>.</code>ïŒããªãªãïŒã¯ãæååå士ãé£çµããŠå¥ã®æååãè¿ãæŒç®åãæååé£çµæŒç®åã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/2c_XMpXoUwbroL3K-FLUPA?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
say "ABC" . "XYZ";
say "ABC" . "XYZ" x 3;
say "ABC" x 3 . "XYZ";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
ABCXYZ
ABCXYZXYZXYZ
ABCABCABCXYZ
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>.</code> ã¯ãäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã
: 次ç¯ã§èª¬æãã<code>x</code>[[#ç¹°è¿ãæŒç®å|ç¹°è¿ãæŒç®å]]ãšäœµçšãããšã<code>x</code>ã®æ¹ã<code>.</code> ããåªå
床ãé«ãã®ã§ã<code>*</code>ãš<code>+</code>ã®é¢ä¿ã®ããã«<code>x</code>åŽã®éšååŒãå
ã«è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
== ç¹°è¿ãæŒç®å ==
=== x ===
<code>x</code> ã¯ãç¹°è¿ãæŒç®åã§ãã
Perlã«ããŠã¯çããããªãã©ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠæŒç®å
容ãšè¿ãåãå€ãããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/n8rPnYvDKGm_sQVpNwfiSg?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
say "ABC" x 2;
say "ABC" x 3.7; # å³èŸºã«æµ®åå°æ°ç¹æ°ãäžããŠããæŽæ°ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
#say "ABC" x -5; # XXX: å³èŸºã«è² æ°ãäžãã㚠> Negative repeat count does nothing
#say 2 x "ABC"; # XXX: å³èŸºã«æ°å€ä»¥å€ãäžãã㚠> Argument "ABC" isn't numeric in repeat (x)
my @ary = qw(abc def ghi);
say "@{[ @ary x 9 ]}"; # å³èŸºãæ°å€ã®å Žåã巊蟺ã¯æååã«å匷å¶ããé
åã¯èŠçŽ æ°ãæåååãããŸãã
say "@{[ 9 x @ary ]}"; # æ°å€ x é
åã¯ãé
åã®èŠçŽ ãæ°å€ã«çœ®æããæååïŒé
åã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒãè¿ããŸãã
say "@{[ qw(1 2 3 4) x @ary ]}"; # é
åå·Š x é
åå³ã¯ãé
åå³ã®èŠçŽ ãé
åå·Šã«çœ®æããé
åãè¿ããŸãã
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
ABCABC
ABCABCABC
333333333
999
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
</syntaxhighlight>
== ã¯ãªãŒãæŒç®å ==
{{Main|[https://perldoc.jp/docs/perl/5.28.0/perlop.pod#Quote32and32Quote-like32Operators Perl ã®æŒç®åãšåªå
é äœ::ã¯ã©ãŒããšã¯ã©ãŒã颚ã®æŒç®å]}}
=== q ===
<code>q/STRING/</code>ã¯ãæååãªãã©ã«ãè¡šããŸãã
å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éã¯ã'''è¡ãªãããŸããã'''
<code>â</code>ïŒã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ãªãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒã§å²ãŸããæååãªãã©ã«ã«çžåœããŸããã<code>â</code>ã<code>\</code>ïŒããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ïŒã§ãšã¹ã±ãŒãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã
<code>\</code>ã®å€æèŠåã¯ãäžèšã®å®è¡çµæã®ããã«å€åçã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/-BHrYwlVQ69zYZlfIXPneA?language=perl q/STRING/]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
my $c = 'I\'m fine.';
my $d = q(I'm fine.);
say $c eq $d ? "äžèŽ" : "äžäžèŽ";
say q(1: I\'m fine.);
say q(2: I\\'m fine.);
say q(3: I\\\'m fine.);
say q(4: I\\\\'m fine.);</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
äžèŽ
1: I\'m fine.
2: I\'m fine.
3: I\\'m fine.
4: I\\'m fine.
</syntaxhighlight>
=== qq ===
<code>qq/STRING/</code>ã¯ãæååãªãã©ã«ãè¡šããŸãã
å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éãã'''è¡ãªãããŸãã'''
<code>"</code>ïŒããã«ã¯ãªãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒã§å²ãŸããæååãªãã©ã«ã«çžåœããŸããã<code>â</code>ããšã¹ã±ãŒãããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã
<code>\</code>ã®å€æèŠåã¯ãäžèšã®å®è¡çµæã®ããã«å€åçã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/VqzK0lJIWISIMpukoSHeGg?language=perl qq/STRING/]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
my $x = "Hello, \"$^V\"!";
my $y = qq(Hello, "$^V"!);
say $x;
say $y;
say qq(1: \");
say qq(2: \\");
say qq(3: \\\");
say qq(4: \\\\");
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello, "v5.30.0"!
Hello, "v5.30.0"!
1: "
2: \"
3: \"
4: \\"
</syntaxhighlight>
=== qw ===
<code>qw/STRING/</code>ã¯ã空çœããã³æ¹è¡ã§åºåãããæååããæåãªãã©ã«ãèŠçŽ ãšãããªã¹ããè¡šããŸãã
å€æ°ãšåŒã®å±éã¯ã'''è¡ãªãããŸãã'''ã
察å¿ããä»ã®ãªãã©ã«è¡šçŸããããŸããããæŠã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
qw/STRING/
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
split(" ", q/STRING/)
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã«çžåœããŸãããå³å¯ã«ã¯ qw/STRING/ã¯ãã³ã³ãã€ã«æã«å®éã®ãªã¹ããçæããã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªã¹ãã®æåŸã®èŠçŽ ãè¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/lG6CIQFS_jWESYxCGKbgVw?language=perl qw/STRING/]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
my $x = qw(a bc def);
my @y = qw(a bc def);
my $z = @y;
say "\$x --> $x";
say "\@y --> @y";
say "\$z --> $z"
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$x --> def
@y --> a bc def
$z --> 3
</syntaxhighlight>
ããããééããšããŠã¯ãã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšã㊠<code>,</code>ïŒã«ã³ãïŒã䜿ã£ãŠããŸã£ãããïŒè€æ°è¡ã®qw/STRING/ã§ïŒ<code>#</code>ïŒäºæ¡ïŒãã³ã¡ã³ãã«ãªããšæåŸ
ããŠããŸãããšã§ãã
ããã¯ã<code>use warnings;</code>ãã<code>use v5.36.0;</code> warnings ãã©ã°ããæå¹ã«ããããšã§èŠåãåããŸãïŒPerl5.36.0以é㯠warnings ãã©ã°ããæšæºã§æå¹ã§ãç¡å¹ã«ããã«ã¯ <code>no warnings;</code> ãšããŸãïŒã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/mbfOsg8roOaoQoXsPe5AvQ?language=perl qw/STRING/ïŒèŠåããïŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my @x = qw(a,bc,def);
my @y = qw@
Hello world! # world
Hello perl! # perl
Hello universe! # universe
@;
say "\@x --> @x";
say "\@y --> @y";
</syntaxhighlight>
;ã³ã³ãã€ã«çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Possible attempt to separate words with commas at Main.pl line 4.
Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list at Main.pl line 9.
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
@x --> a,bc,def
@y --> Hello world! # world Hello perl! # perl Hello universe! # universe
</syntaxhighlight>
=== qr ===
æ£èŠè¡šçŸãªãã©ã«ã®äžè¬å
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x = qr/^Regexp$/i;
</syntaxhighlight>
=== qx ===
ããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããªãã©ã«ã®äžè¬å
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x = qx/uname -a/; # `uname -a`; ãšåã
</syntaxhighlight>
== ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã ==
=== <<EOF ===
è¡æåã®ã¯ã©ãŒãã®åœ¢åŒã¯ãã·ã§ã«ã®ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ãæ§æã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ãã
<< ã®åŸã«åŒçšãçµäºããæååãæå®ãããšãçŸåšã®è¡ããçµäºæååãŸã§ã®ãã¹ãŠã®è¡ãããã®é
ç®ã®å€ãšãªããŸãã
çµäºæååã®åã« ~ ãä»ãããšããã€ã³ãã³ãä»ãHere-docsãã䜿çšããããšãæå®ããŸãã
çµäºæååã¯ãèå¥åïŒåèªïŒããåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããããã¹ãã®ã©ã¡ããã§ãã
åŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããŠããªãèå¥åã¯äºéåŒçšç¬Šã®ããã«æ©èœããŸãã
<<ãšèå¥åã®éã«ã¯ãèå¥åãæ瀺çã«åŒçšãããŠããªãéããã¹ããŒã¹ãå
¥ããŠã¯ãããŸããã
çµç«¯æååã¯ïŒçµç«¯è¡ã«åç¬ã§ (åŒçšããïŒåšå²ã«ç©ºçœãå
¥ããã«) 衚瀺ãããªããã°ãªããŸããã
çµäºæååãåŒçšãããŠããå Žåã䜿çšãããåŒçšç¬Šã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠããã®ããã¹ãã®æ±ãã決ãŸããŸãã
;ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ <code>"</code>:éåžžã®ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ã§å²ãŸããæååãšå
šãåãèŠåã§ããã¹ããè£éãããããšã瀺ããŸãã
;ã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ <code>'</code>
:ããã¹ãããã®å
容ãè£éããããšãªããæåéãã«æ±ãããããšã瀺ããŸããããã¯ãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ãç¹å¥ãªæå³ãæããªãããšãé€ãã°ãäžéåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããæååãšåæ§ã§ãã
:ã·ã§ã«ãšåæ§ã<<ã«ç¶ãããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ä»ãã®åèªã¯ãã·ã³ã°ã«ã¯ã©ãŒãæååãšåãæå³ãæã¡ãŸãã
;ããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ <code>`</code>:æååãããã¯ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ã§å蟌ãŸããŠããå Žåãšåãããã«æ±ãããŸããããªãã¡ãå
容ã¯äºéåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãŸããŠãããã®ããã«è£éãããã·ã§ã«çµç±ã§å®è¡ããããã®å®è¡çµæãè¿ãããŸãã
;ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ãªã:ïŒããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã¯ã«åãïŒ
;[https://paiza.io/projects/416lH8g50fpbXNjObzLalg?language=perl ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ã]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my ($world, $perl) = qw(World Perl);
print <<EOS;
Hello\t$world!
Hello\t$perl!
@@@
EOS
print <<"EOS";
Hello\t$world!
Hello\t$perl!
@@@
EOS
print <<'EOS';
Hello\t$world!
Hello\t$perl!
@@@
EOS
print <<`EOS`;
uname
uname -a
cat /etc/debian_version
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello World!
Hello Perl!
@@@
Hello World!
Hello Perl!
@@@
Hello\t$world!
Hello\t$perl!
@@@
Linux
Linux 55179a8a049f 5.15.0-1017-aws #21~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 5 11:44:14 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
bullseye/sid
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãã®äŸã§ã¯ãçµäºæååã EOS ãšããŸããããEOFãªã©ããã䜿ãããŸãã
:ãã¢ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¯å
¥ãåã«ã§ããã®ã§ãå
¥ãåã¬ãã«ã«å¿ããååãä»ããããšã«ãªããšæããŸãã
__TOC__
== ãããåæŒç®å ==
ä»»æã®ãµã€ãºã®ãããå( ''Bitstring'' )ã¯ããããæŒç®å([[#~|~]] | [[#&|&]] [[#^|^]])ã§æäœããããšãã§ããã
=== ~ ===
ãããããšã®åŠå®ãè¿ããŸãã
=== | ===
ãããããšã®è«çå(or)ãè¿ããŸãã
=== & ===
ãããããšã®è«çç©(and)ãè¿ããŸãã
=== ^ ===
ãããããšã®æä»çè«çå(xor)ãè¿ããŸãã
== æåå匷å¶çãããåæŒç®å ==
ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®ãããæŒç®å([[#~.|~.]] |. [[#&.|&.]] [[#^.|^.]])ã§ãã
=== ~. ===
ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®åŠå®ãè¿ããŸãã
=== |. ===
ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®è«çå(or)ãè¿ããŸãã
=== &. ===
ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®è«çç©(and)ãè¿ããŸãã
=== ^. ===
ãªãã©ã³ããæååã«åŒ·å¶ãããããããšã®æä»çè«çå(xor)ãè¿ããŸãã
== ã·ããæŒç®å ==
=== >> ===
å³ãããã·ãããè¡ããŸãã
=== << ===
å·Šãããã·ãããè¡ããŸãã
== è«çæŒç®å ==
è«çæŒç®åã¯ãå
žåçã«ã¯[[Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é #if, elsif, else, unless|ifæ]]ãªã©ã®æ¡ä»¶åŒã«äœ¿çšãããŸãããç絡è©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãšããŠãæ©èœããŸãããŸãã<code>||</code> ãš <code>or</code>ã<code>&&</code> ãš <code>and</code>ã<code>!</code> ãš <code>not</code> ã¯å¥åé¢ä¿ã«ãããŸããã<code>or</code>,<code>and</code>,<code>not</code>ã®æ¹ãåªå
é äœã'''äœã'''ããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã"åèªãããæŒç®åãããèšå·ã®ã»ãã匷ã"ãšèŠããŠãããŠãã ããã
=== || ===
<code>||</code>ã¯ãè«çåãè¿ãäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/MlDCKn8EkWqDRtKSj3h8XQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my @v = ( 0, 5, !!0, "NaN" ),;
foreach my $x (@v) {
foreach my $y (@v) {
say "$x || $y --> @{[ $x || $y ]}";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0 || 0 --> 0
0 || 5 --> 5
0 || -->
0 || NaN --> NaN
5 || 0 --> 5
5 || 5 --> 5
5 || --> 5
5 || NaN --> 5
|| 0 --> 0
|| 5 --> 5
|| -->
|| NaN --> NaN
NaN || 0 --> NaN
NaN || 5 --> NaN
NaN || --> NaN
NaN || NaN --> NaN
</syntaxhighlight>
: 0, 5, ççå€åœ, éæ°ã®çµåãããè©ŠããŸããã
: è«çåæŒç®åã¯ãååãšéãççå€ã§ã¯ãªãã¹ã«ã©ãŒãè¿ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x || $y
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x ? $x : $y
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšç䟡ã§ã
=== or ===
<code>or</code> ã¯ãåªå
床ãäœãããŒãžã§ã³ã® <code>||</code> æŒç®åã§ãã
==== ç絡è©äŸ¡ ====
è«çåã¯å·ŠåŒæ°ã'''åœã§ããå Žåã®ã¿'''å³åŒæ°ã®è©äŸ¡ãè¡ããŸãã
ãã®ãããªè«çæŒç®åã®å®è³ªçã«å¶åŸ¡æ§é ãšããŠã®æ¯ãèãããç絡è©äŸ¡ããšãã³ãŸãã
è«çåã¯ãŸããæåŸã«è©äŸ¡ãããå€ãè¿ãã®ã§äŸå€åŠçã«ã䜿ãããŸãã
ãã®ãšã or ã®åªå
床ãäœãããšã圹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$success or die;
</syntaxhighlight>
:ããã¯ããæåãŸãã¯æ»ã¬ããããã¯ãæåãããæ»ã¬ãããšèªããŸãã
=== && ===
<code>&&</code>ã¯ãè«çç©ãè¿ãäºé
æŒç®åã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/f9w5KqhysMP18lnmFH1wBw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my @v = ( 0, 5, !!0, "NaN" ),;
foreach my $x (@v) {
foreach my $y (@v) {
say "$x && $y --> @{[ $x && $y ]}";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0 && 0 --> 0
0 && 5 --> 0
0 && --> 0
0 && NaN --> 0
5 && 0 --> 0
5 && 5 --> 5
5 && -->
5 && NaN --> NaN
&& 0 -->
&& 5 -->
&& -->
&& NaN -->
NaN && 0 --> 0
NaN && 5 --> 5
NaN && -->
NaN && NaN --> NaN
</syntaxhighlight>
: 0, 5, ççå€åœ, éæ°ã®çµåãããè©ŠããŸããã
: è«çç©æŒç®åã¯ãååãšéãççå€ã§ã¯ãªãã¹ã«ã©ãŒãè¿ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x && $y
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
!$x ? $x : $y
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšç䟡ã§ã
=== and ===
<code>and</code> ã¯ãåªå
床ãäœãããŒãžã§ã³ã® <code>&&</code> æŒç®åã§ãã
è«çç©ãç絡è©äŸ¡ãè¡ããŸãã
=== // ===
ãã® <code>//</code> ã¯ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ããã§ã¯ãªã <code>/</code> ïŒæåãããªãããŒã¯ã³ã§ã<code>||</code> ãšãã䌌ãŠããŸããã巊蟺ãå®çŸ©ããŠããã°å·ŠèŸºããå®çŸ©ãããŠããªããã°å³èŸºãè¿ããŸãããªãã·ã§ãã«ãªåŒæ°ã®å®çŸ©ç¶æ³ã®ãã¹ããæå³ãããŠããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $x = defined $opt ? $opt : "no";
</syntaxhighlight>
ã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $x = $opt // "no";
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšç°¡çŽ ã«æžãããšãã§ããŸãã
<code>//</code> ã¯ã5.10 ã§è¿œå ãããŸããã
=== not ===
notã¯ãäžããããè«çåŒã®åŠå®ãè¡šããŸããAãçã®ãšããnot A ã¯åœã§ããAãåœã®ãšããnot A ã¯çã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x = 2;
if (not $x == 5 ) {
say "å®è¡ããã";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
å®è¡ããã
</syntaxhighlight>
;解説
: $x = 2
: 2 == 5 â åœ
: not åœ â ç
: ⎠not $x == 5 ã¯ç
: if ã®æ¡ä»¶ãçãªã®ã§ãã³ãŒããããã¯å®è¡ãã say ãå®è¡ãããŸãã
=== ! ===
<code>!</code> ã¯ãåªå
床ãé«ãããŒãžã§ã³ã® not æŒç®åã§ãã
== æ°å€æ¯èŒæŒç®å ==
=== < ===
=== > ===
=== <= ===
=== >= ===
äžçå·ãè¡šãã®ã«å©çšããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ($x > $y) {
#ãã®éšåã¯$xã$yãã倧ãããšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
if ($x <= $y) {
#ãã®éšåã¯$xã$y以äžã®ãšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: 以äžãŸãã¯ä»¥äžã® <nowiki> <= </nowiki> ã <nowiki> >= </nowiki> ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæåã«äžçå·ã®èšå·ãæ¥ãŸãã(Perl ã«ããããCèšèªãªã©ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ããåæ§ã®é åºã§ãã)
æ¯èŒæŒç®åã¯æ°å€ã®ä»ãæååã«ã
æ°åŠèšå·ã® ⊠㚠<nowiki> <= </nowiki> ã¯åãæå³ã§ãããããœã³ã³ã®çŽæ¥å
¥åïŒåè§è±æ°ïŒã«ã¯ ⊠ãç¡ãã®ã§ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ <nowiki> <= </nowiki> ã§ä»£çšãããŸãã
ããã¯ãCãåæ§ã§ãïŒPerlãCãæš¡å£ããã®ã§ããïŒã
Fortranã®æ§ã«ASCIIã³ãŒããå¶å®ãããåã®èšèªã§ã¯ '<' ããã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã»ããã«ãªãã£ããæåã®ãµããŒãããŸã¡ãŸã¡ã ã£ãã®ã§ã<code>.EQ.</code>,<code>.NE.</code>,<code>.GT.</code>,<code>.LT.</code>,<code>.GE.</code>,<code>.LE.</code>,<code>.AND.</code>,<code>.OR.</code>,<code>.NOT.</code> ã®ããã«æŒç®åã®é æåãããã<code>.</code> ã§å²ã¿è¡šçŸããŸããã
Perlã®æååã®æ¯èŒæŒç®åãæŠãFortranã®èšæ³ã«ãªãã£ãŠããŸãã
=== == ===
=== != ===
åãæ°å€ã§ããããšããéãæ°å€ã§ããããšãè¡šãã®ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã䞡蟺ã®å€æ°ãªã©ã®å
容ãïŒæååã§ã¯ãªãïŒæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ($x == $y) {
# ãã®éšåã¯$xã$yãšåãå€ã®ãšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
if ($x != $y)) {
# ãã®éšåã¯$xã$yãšéãå€ã®ãšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== ã¯ã䞡蟺ã®å€ãçããäºãèŠæ±ããŸããifæã®äžã§ãã䜿ããŸãã
(Perlã«éããCèšèªãªã©ã§ãã)ãããããã¹ã§ãã=ããšèšå·ãã²ãšã€ã ãã«ãããã¹ããããŸãããããã¯ãšã©ãŒã«ãªããããŸãã¯ä»£å
¥æŒç®åãšããŠè§£éãããã®ã§ãã°ã«ãªããŸãã
!= 㯠䞡蟺ã®å€ãçãããªãäºãèŠæ±ããŸããã€ãŸãã!= ã¯äž¡èŸºã®å€ãéã£ãŠããäºãèŠæ±ããŸãã
çãããªãå Žåã® != ã§ã¯ãåŠå®ã®èšå· ! ãå
ã«æ¥ãŸãã(Perl ã«ããããCèšèªãªã©ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ããåæ§ã®é åºã§ãã)
=== <=> ===
å·Šå³ã®æ°å€ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ãã -1, 0, 1 ã®ãããããè¿ããŸããããã¯äž»ã«sortã§äœ¿ãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
@a = (22, 3, 111);
@a = sort {$a <=> $b} @a;
# ãã®æç¹ã§@a㯠(3, 22, 111) ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
@a = sort {$b <=> $a} @a;
# ãã®æç¹ã§@a㯠(111, 22, 3) ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
</syntaxhighlight>
==æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å==
:{|class=wikitable
|+ æååæ¯èŒæŒç®å
|-
!æŒç®å!!æå³
|-
|A eq B||AãšBã¯çãã
|-
|A ne B||AãšBã¯çãããªã
|-
|A gt B||Aã¯Bãã倧ãã
|-
|A ge B||Aã¯B以äž
|-
|A lt B||Aã¯Bããå°ãã
|-
|A le B||Aã¯B以äž
|}
=== eq ===
=== ne ===
䞡蟺ã®æååããæååãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåã«ãåãå€ãã調ã¹ããšãã«äœ¿çšããŸãã
ãªãã== ããã³ != ã¯äž¡èŸºãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããå Žåãªã®ã§ãæå³ãéããŸãã
Perlã«ã¯å€æ°ã«åãç¡ãã®ã§ãCèšèªãšã¯ç°ãªããæ¯èŒæŒç®åã®åŽã§ãå€æ°ã®å
容ãæ°å€ãšããŠè©äŸ¡ããããå
容ãæååãšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããã®æå®ãå¿
èŠã«ãªãã®ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ($x eq $y) {
# ãã®éšåã¯$xã$yãšåãæååã®ãšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
if ($x ne 'correct')) {
# ãã®éšåã¯$xã«ä»£å
¥ãããŠããæååã 'correct' ã§ãªãã£ããšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
</syntaxhighlight>
eq ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæååãšããŠæ¯èŒãããšãã«ã䞡蟺ãåãã§ããããšãèŠæ±ããŸãã
ãªããeqããšã¯ equal ïŒçå·ãçããïŒã®ç¥ã§ãããšãããã
ne ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæååãšããŠæ¯èŒãããšãã«ã䞡蟺ãç°ãªãããšãæ¯èŒããŸãã
ãneããšã¯ not equal ã®ç¥ã ãšãããã
=== le ===
=== ge ===
=== lt ===
=== gt ===
äºã€ã®æååã®èŸæžé ã§ã®å€§å°ãæ¯èŒããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
if ($x le $y) {
# ãã®éšåã¯$xã$y以äžã®ãšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã
}
; le -- less than or equal -- 以äž
; ge -- greater than or equal -- 以äž
; lt -- less than -- ããå°ããïŒæªæºïŒ
; gt -- greater than -- ãã倧ããïŒè¶
ïŒ
</syntaxhighlight>
=== cmp ===
äºã€ã®æååã®èŸæžé ã§ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ãã-1, 0, 1ã®ãããããè¿ããŸããããã¯äž»ã«sortã§äœ¿ãããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
@a = ('3', '22', '111', 'z', 'A', 'a', 'Z');
@a = sort {$x cmp $y} @a;
# ãã®æç¹ã§@a㯠('111', '22', '3', 'A', 'Z', 'a', 'z') ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
@a = sort {$y cmp $x} @a;
# ãã®æç¹ã§@a㯠('z', 'a', 'Z', 'A', '3', '22', '111') ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸã
</syntaxhighlight>
== æ¡ä»¶æŒç®å ==
=== ?: ===
;<code>æ¡ä»¶ ? åŒïŒ : åŒïŒ</code>:æ¡ä»¶ãæç«ããå Žåã¯''åŒïŒ''ã®å€ããããã§ãªãå Žåã¯''åŒïŒ''ã®å€ãè¿ããŸãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$x = 1;
$y = $x ? 'true' : 'false'; # $y ã«ã¯ 'true' ã代å
¥ããã
</syntaxhighlight>
== ç¯å²æŒç®å ==
=== .. ===
=== ... ===
:''åŒïŒ'' .. ''åŒïŒ'' ã§ç¯å²ãè¡šããŸãã
:åŒïŒã»åŒïŒã¯ãªãã©ã«ã§ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/8DdoaIYQ8f5DBPxWBmyIXQ?language=perl ãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ãã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
print<<EOS;
1..32 --> @{[ 1..32 ]}
"1".."12" --> @{[ "1".."12" ]}
'a'..'z' --> @{[ 'a'..'z' ]}
'A'..'BE' --> @{[ 'A'..'BE' ]}
'A1'..'D7' --> @{[ 'A1'..'D7' ]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1..32 --> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
"1".."12" --> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
'a'..'z' --> a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
'A'..'BE' --> A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW AX AY AZ BA BB BC BD BE
'A1'..'D7' --> A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
</syntaxhighlight>
:<code>1..32</code>ã¯ã<code>(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32)</code>ã«å±éãããŸã
:<code>"1".."12"</code>ã¯ãæååã§ããæ°å€ãšããŠè§£éå¯èœãªã®ã§<code>(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12)</code>ã«å±éãããŸã
:<code>'a'..'z'</code>ã¯ãããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã§<code>('a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z')</code>ã«å±éãããŸã
:<code>'A1'..'D7'</code>ããããžã«ã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãã§ãã<code>'A9'</code>ãã<code>'B0'</code>ã«æ¡äžãããŠããŸã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/na1wL5a19MAfjwFx1MxoRQ?language=perl ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
while (<DATA>) {
print if 8 .. 10; # 8è¡ç®ãã10è¡ç®ãåºå
print if /<head>/ .. /<\/head>/; # headèŠçŽ ã®å
容ãåºå
}
__DATA__
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ja">
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>ç°¡åãªäŸ</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ç°¡åãªäŸ</h1>
<p>ãã®ææžã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åãªäŸã§ã</p>
</body>
</html>
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>ç°¡åãªäŸ</title>
</head>
<h1>ç°¡åãªäŸ</h1>
<p>ãã®ææžã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åãªäŸã§ã</p>
</body>
</syntaxhighlight>
: ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ãã®å Žåã¯ããªããããããæŒç®åãšãªããŸãã
: ãªãã©ã³ããæ°å€ã®å Žåã¯ãæé»ã«$.ïŒè¡çªå·ïŒãšæ¯èŒ (==) ãè¡ããŸãã
: ...æŒç®åãçšããå Žåã¯ãå·Šãªãã©ã³ããçãšãªã£ãåŸã次ã®è¡ã«ç§»ã£ãŠããå³ãªãã©ã³ãã®è©äŸ¡ãè¡ãã
=== ããªããããããæŒç®å ===
ããªããããããæŒç®åãšã㊠.. ãæ¯ãèããšãã¯çã匷ãã§ã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$n == 3 .. $n == 5 ? "1" : "2"
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
3 <= $n <= 5 ? "1" : "2"
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšç䟡ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print if 8 .. 10; # 8è¡ç®ãã10è¡ç®ãåºå
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã¯
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print if $. == 8 .. $. == 10; # 8è¡ç®ãã10è¡ç®ãåºå
</syntaxhighlight>
:ãšç䟡ã§
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print if 8 <= $. <= 10; # 8è¡ç®ãã10è¡ç®ãåºå
</syntaxhighlight>
ãšãç䟡ã§ãã
== 眮ææŒç®å ==
=== s/// ===
; s/''PATTERN''/''STRING''/
PATTERNã«ããããããã®ãSTRINGã«çœ®æããŸããPATTERNã¯[[Perl/æ£èŠè¡šçŸ|æ£èŠè¡šçŸ]]ã§ãã
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
$str = "Wiki";
$str =~ s/(Wiki)/$1pedia/;
print $str; # Wikipedia
</syntaxhighlight>
== ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å ==
=== tr/// ===
{{Anchor|tr}}/''PATTERN1''/''PATTERN2''/ 1æåã察å¿ãã1æåã«çœ®æããŸããPATTERNã«ã¯æ£èŠè¡šçŸã§ã¯ãªããæåã¯ã©ã¹ïŒè§æ¬åŒ§ã§å²ãŸããæåã¯ã©ã¹ã®<code>[]</code>ã®å
åŽïŒãæå®ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/DMKq7OR7mIgzJ-ot5hlVAA?language=perl tr///]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $str = "ABC BCA CAB";
$str =~ tr/ABC/012/;
say $str;
$str =~ tr/012/AB/;
say $str
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
012 120 201
ABB BBA BAB
</syntaxhighlight>
: PATTERN1ãšPATTERN2ã®é·ããéã£ãŠãïŒuse warnings; ããŠãïŒèŠåãããããããæåŸ
ãšã¯éãçµæã«ãªããŸãã
: å€æçµæã«çåããã£ããããŸãããã¿ãŒã³å士ã®é·ãã®äžäžèŽãçããŸãããã
ãã€ãã³ã䜿ã£ãŠç¯å²æå®ãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/HnN8XcZjViLrrZyargpjmg?language=perl ç¯å²æå®ã䜿ã£ããã¿ãŒã³å€æ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $str = "WIKIBOOKS";
$str =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
say $str
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
wikibooks
</syntaxhighlight>
<code>=~</code> ã䜿ããªããš <code>$_</code> ã®å€æ察象ã«ãªããå€æããæåæ°ãè¿ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/GtbnDL9i2gH0DjGLfZ2Niw?language=perl å€æããæåæ°]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.30.0;
use warnings;
my $str = "WIKIBOOKS";
local $_ = $str;
say tr/[A-Z]/[A-Z]/;
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
9
</syntaxhighlight>
== ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹åç
§æŒç®å ==
=== > ===
<code>-></code>ã¯ãäžçœ®ã®ããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹æŒç®åã§ã巊蟺ã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã«å¯Ÿããå³èŸºã®ãã©ãŒã ã«ãããããã
; [...] : é
å
; {...} : ããã·ã¥
; (...) : ãµãã«ãŒãã³
ãåç
§ããŸãã
{{See also|Perl/ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹}}
== ãã¿ãŒã³å€ææŒç®å ==
=== y/// ===
y/''PATTERN1''/''PATTERN2''/ [[#tr|tr///]]ã®å矩èªã§ãã
== ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å ==
Perl ã«ã¯ãç§å¯ã®æŒç®å( ''secret operators'' )ãšåŒã°ããäžé£ã®ç¬ç¹ã®èšæ³ããããŸã<ref>[https://metacpan.org/dist/perlsecret/view/lib/perlsecret.pod perlsecret - Perl secret operators and constants]</ref>ã
ãããã¯å®éã«ã¯æŒç®åã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãããé«ãé »åºŠã§ã³ãŒãäžã«ç»å Žããã®ã§æ称ãã€ãããããã®ã§ãã
:{| class=wikitable
|+ Perl ã®ç§å¯ã®æŒç®å
|-
! æŒç®å !! æ称 !! åèš³ !! æ©èœ
|-
|0+ || [[#Venus|Venus]] || ããŒãã¹ || æ°å€ã«åŒ·å¶å€æ
|-
|@{[ ]} || [[#Baby cart|Baby cart]] || ã¹ããŒã«ãŒ || ãªã¹ãã®å±é
|-
|!! || Bang bang || ãã³ãã³ || è«çå€å
|-
|<nowiki>}{</nowiki> || Eskimo greeting || ãšã¹ãã¢ãŒã®æšæ¶ || ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒã§ã® END ãããã¯
|-
|-M5; || Maori farewell || ããªãªæã®ãå¥ã || ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒã§ã® BEGIN ãããã¯
|-
|~~ || Inchworm || å°ºåãè« || ã¹ã«ã©ãŒã³ã³ããã¹ã
|-
|~- || Inchworm on a stick || äž²åºãå°ºåãè« || é«åªå
é åºã®ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
|-
| -~ || Inchworm on a stick || äž²åºãå°ºåãè« || é«åªå
é åºã®ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
|-
| -+- || Space station || å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ || é«åªå
é åºã®æ°å€å
|-
|=( )= || Goatse || å±±çŸ || ã¹ã«ã©ãŒ/ãªã¹ãã³ã³ããã¹ã
|-
|=< >=~ || Flaming X-Wing || çäžXãŠã£ã³ã° || ãããå
¥åããã£ããã£ã®å²ãåœãŠ
|-
|~~<> || Kite || å§ || äžè¡å
¥å
|-
|<<m=~m>> m ; || Ornate double-bladed sword || ãã³ãã³ããäž¡åå£ || è€æ°è¡ã³ã¡ã³ã
|-
| -=! -=!! || Flathead || ãã©ããããã || æ¡ä»¶ãã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
|-
| +=! +=!! || Phillips || ãã£ãªããã¹ || æ¡ä»¶ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã
|-
|x=! x=!! || Pozidriv || ãã©ã¹ãã©ã€ã㌠|| æ¡ä»¶ã«ãã <nowiki>''</nowiki> ã«ãªã»ãã
|-
|*=! *=!! || Torx || æåãã©ã€ã㌠|| æ¡ä»¶ã«ãã 0 ã«ãªã»ãã
|-
|,=> || Winking fat comma || ãŠã€ã³ã¯ãã倪ã£ã¡ãã³ã³ã || non-stringifying fat comma
|-
|()x!! || Enterprise || USSãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãº || è«çãªã¹ã ã¹ã«ãã·ã¥
|-
|0+!! || Key to the truth || ççã®éµ || æ°å€è«çå€å€æ
|-
|~~!! || Serpent of truth || ççã®ãµãŒãã³ã || æ°å€è«çå€å€æ
|-
|<nowiki>||()</nowiki>
|| Abbott and Costello || ã¢ããããšã³ã¹ãã || ãªã¹ãããåœã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãåé€
|-
|//() || Leaning Abbott and Costello || åŸããã¢ããããšã³ã¹ãã || ãªã¹ããã undef ã®ã¹ã«ã©ãŒãåé€
|}
=== Venus ===
ããŒãã¹æŒç®åã¯ãåŒã匷å¶çã«æ°å€åããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/_LiR9NuL4RV4UB0ZvoVZYg?language=perl 0+]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
foreach $x(qw(13b 3.1415926536 1.8e3 0xff 0177 0o177 0b10110), "32 Yen", "one penny", []) {
print "0+$x -> @{[0+$x]}\n"
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0+13b -> 13
0+3.1415926536 -> 3.1415926536
0+1.8e3 -> 1800
0+0xff -> 255
0+0177 -> 177
0+0o177 -> 0
0+0b10110 -> 0
0+32 Yen -> 32
0+one penny -> 0
0+ARRAY(0x558699694470) -> 94036587791472
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>0+</code> Venus ã¯ãåŒãæ°å€ã«åŒ·å¶å€æããŸãã
: å ç®æŒç®å <code>+</code> ã¯ã䞡蟺ãæ°å€ã«å€æããŠããå ç®ããŸãã
: 巊蟺ã0ã«åºå®ããã®ã§ãåçŽãªå³èŸºã®æ°å€ãžã®åŒ·å¶å€æã«ãªããŸãã
:: ç§å¯ã®æŒç®åã®äžã§ã¯ãäžçªããããããå®çšäŸ¡å€ãé«ãã§ãã
:: ãã ããã¯ãçµèŸŒã¿é¢æ°ã® int ãªã©ã䜿ã£ãã»ãããæå³ããããããã grep æ§ãé«ããªããŸãã
=== Baby cart ===
ãããŒã«ãŒæŒç®åã¯ãæååã®å
éšã§ãªã¹ãè£éãè¡ããŸãããªã¹ãé
ç®ã¯ã$"ã®å€ã§åºåãããŸãã
;@{[ ]}:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
%engines = (
"Thomas" => 1,
"Edward" => 2,
"Henry" => 3,
"Gordon" => 4,
"James" => 5,
);
print <<EOS;
%engines
@{[ %engines ]}
@{[ sort keys %engines ]}
@{[ sort values %engines ]}
EOS
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
%engines
Thomas 1 Gordon 4 Edward 2 Henry 3 James 5
Edward Gordon Henry James Thomas
1 2 3 4 5
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>@{[ ]}</code> Baby cart ã¯ããŸãå
åŽã® <code>[ ]</code>ã§å¿åé
åã®ãªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ãäœããçŽåŸã«ãã®å€ã <code>@{ }</code>ã§ããªãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ããŠããŸãã
: <code>@{[ ]}</code> Baby cart ã¯ãåŒãæåååããŸãã
: <code>@{[ ]}</code> Baby cart ã¯ããŸãæžãæãå¯èœãªã³ããŒãäœãåºããŸãã
[TODO:äŸ]
<noinclude>
{{Nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Perl ããããã}}
[[Category:Perl|ããããã]]
</noinclude> | 2005-10-30T14:59:01Z | 2024-02-19T02:33:12Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Main",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Anchor",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:See also"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/Perl/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%90 |
2,872 | é«çåŠæ ¡å°ç | é«çåŠæ ¡å°çãšã¯äžçã»æ¥æ¬ã®èªç¶ç°å¢ãäž»ãªäžçã»æ¥æ¬ã®å°åã®å°ã人éã®ç掻ç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠæ±ãç§ç®ã§ããã 2022幎ããæ°åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãããå°çç·å(å¿
é )ãšå°çæ¢ç©¶(éžæ)ã«æ¹çµãããã
2021幎床ãŸã§ã¯ãé«çåŠæ ¡å°çã¯ãå°çAããå°çBãã«åããããŠããã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é«çåŠæ ¡å°çãšã¯äžçã»æ¥æ¬ã®èªç¶ç°å¢ãäž»ãªäžçã»æ¥æ¬ã®å°åã®å°ã人éã®ç掻ç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠæ±ãç§ç®ã§ããã 2022幎ããæ°åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãããå°çç·å(å¿
é )ãšå°çæ¢ç©¶(éžæ)ã«æ¹çµãããã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2021幎床ãŸã§ã¯ãé«çåŠæ ¡å°çã¯ãå°çAããå°çBãã«åããããŠããã",
"title": ""
}
] | é«çåŠæ ¡å°çãšã¯äžçæ¥æ¬ã®èªç¶ç°å¢ãäž»ãªäžçæ¥æ¬ã®å°åã®å°ã人éã®ç掻ç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠæ±ãç§ç®ã§ããã
2022幎ããæ°åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ãããå°çç·åïŒå¿
é ïŒãšå°çæ¢ç©¶ïŒéžæïŒã«æ¹çµãããã ã2021幎床ãŸã§ã¯ãé«çåŠæ ¡å°çã¯ãå°çAããå°çBãã«åããããŠããã ïŒé«çåŠæ ¡å°çAïŒ
ïŒé«çåŠæ ¡å°çBïŒ | '''é«çåŠæ ¡å°ç'''ãšã¯äžçæ¥æ¬ã®èªç¶ç°å¢ãäž»ãªäžçæ¥æ¬ã®å°åã®å°ã人éã®ç掻ç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠæ±ãç§ç®ã§ããã
2022幎ããæ°åŠç¿æå°èŠé ã«ããã[[é«çåŠæ ¡å°çç·å|å°çç·å]]ïŒå¿
é ïŒãš[[é«çåŠæ ¡å°çæ¢ç©¶|å°çæ¢ç©¶]]ïŒéžæïŒã«æ¹çµãããã
ã2021幎床ãŸã§ã¯ãé«çåŠæ ¡å°çã¯ãå°çAããå°çBãã«åããããŠããã
*ïŒ[[é«çåŠæ ¡å°çA]]ïŒ
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== åŠç¿æ¹æ³ ==
*[[åŠç¿æ¹æ³/é«æ ¡å°ç]]
[[Category:é«çåŠæ ¡æè²|瀟ã¡ã]]
[[ã«ããŽãª:å°çåŠ|é«ã¡ã]]
[[Category:瀟äŒç§æè²|é«ã¡ã]] | null | 2022-12-03T10:36:48Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86 |
2,875 | é«çåŠæ ¡æ°åŠA/å³åœ¢ã®æ§è³ª | ããã§ã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ãåã®æ§è³ªã空éå³åœ¢ã®æ§è³ªçã«ã€ããŠæ±ãã
m, nãæ£ã®æ°ãšãããç¹Pãç·åABäžã«ãã£ãŠAB:PB=m:nãæãç«ã€ãšãããç¹Pã¯ç·åABãm:nã«å
åããããšããã
ãŸããç¹Qãç·åABã®å»¶é·ç·äžã«ãã£ãŠAQ:BQ=m:nã§ãããšãããç¹Qã¯ç·åABãm:nã«å€åããããšããã
â³ A B C {\displaystyle \triangle ABC} ã®èŸºAB, AC(ãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·ç·)äžã«ããããç¹P, Qããããšãã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã
äžè§åœ¢ã®å
è§ã®2çåç·ã«é¢ããŠã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã
â A {\displaystyle \angle A} ã®2çåç·ãšèŸºBCãšã®äº€ç¹ãDã ãã
CãéãADã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãšBAã®å»¶é·ãšã®äº€ç¹ãEãšããã ADãšECã¯å¹³è¡ã§ãããã
äžã®3ã€ã®åŒãã
ãã£ãŠ
ãŸããADãšECã¯å¹³è¡ã§ãããã
(1)ãš(2)ãã
äžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ã®2çåç·ã«é¢ããŠã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã
CãéãADã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãšABã®å»¶é·ãšã®äº€ç¹ãEãšãããšãäžã®å®çãšåæ§ã«
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â³ABCãåãã蟺AB,AC ã®ããããã«å¯ŸããŠåçŽäºçåç·ãåãã2çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãOãšããããã®ãšããç¹OãAB,ACã®ããããã«å¯ŸããåçŽ2çåç·äžã«ããããšãã
ã§ããã®ã§ã
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äžã®èšŒæããã O A = O B = O C {\displaystyle OA=OB=OC} ã§ããã®ã§ããã®ç¹ã¯äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®é ç¹ããçè·é¢ã«ããããšãåããã®ã§ããã®ç¹Oãäžå¿ãšããŠåãæžããšãäžè§åœ¢ABCã®é ç¹3ã€ãéãåãæžãããšãã§ããã
ãã®ããã«ãäžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®é ç¹ãéãå(å³å³ã§ã¯èµ€ç·ã®éšå)ã®ããšãå€æ¥å(ãããã€ããã è±:circumscribed circle)ãšããã
ãããŠãå€æ¥åã®äžå¿(å³å³ã®ç¹Oã®éšå)ã®ããšãããã®äžè§åœ¢ã® å€å¿(ãããã)ãšããã
â³ABCãåããè§A,Bã«ã€ããŠè§ã®2çåç·ãåã2çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãIãšåŒã¶ã ããã«ãç¹Iãã蟺BC,CA,ABã«äžãããåç·ãšããããã®èŸºã®äº€ç¹ããããã D,E,F ãšåŒã¶ãšããããã®ãšããè§Aã®äºçåç·ã®æ§è³ªãã
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ID=IE=IF ãªã®ã§ãå³ã®ããã«äžè§åœ¢ã®äžèŸºã«æ¥ããåãæžãããšãã§ãããã®åã â³ABCã®å
æ¥å (ãªããã€ãããè±:inscribed circle)ãšããããã®äžå¿Iãå
å¿(ãªããã)ãšããã
ãªããäžè§åœ¢ã®å
æ¥åã®ååŸãrãšãããšãé¢ç©SãšäžèŸºã®é·ãa,b,cãšã®éã«
ã®é¢ä¿åŒãæãç«ã€(â³ABIãâ³BCIãâ³CAIã®3ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ã)ãé¢ç©Sã¯ããã³ã®å
¬åŒãçšããã°ãäžè§åœ¢ã®äžèŸºã®é·ãããå
æ¥åã®ååŸãèšç®ã§ããã
äžè§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ããçžå¯Ÿãã蟺ã®äžç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠäžãããç·åã®ããšã äžç· ãšãããäžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®äžç·ã®äº€ããç¹ãéå¿ãšããã
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â³ A B C {\displaystyle \triangle ABC} ã®èŸºBC, CA, ABã®äžç¹ãããããL, M, Nãšããã
äžç¹é£çµå®çããML // AB, 2ML=ABãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãäžç·AL, BMã®äº€ç¹ãGãšãããšAG:GL=AB:ML=2:1
äžç·ALãšCNã®äº€ç¹ãG'ãšãããšãäžãšåæ§ã«èããŠAG':G'L=AC:NL=2:1
ãã£ãŠãGãšG'ã¯ãšãã«ç·åABã2:1ã«å
åããç¹ã§ããã®ã§ããã®2ç¹ã¯äžèŽããã
ãããã£ãŠã3æ¬ã®äžç·ã¯1ç¹Gã§äº€ãããAG:GL=2:1ã§ããã åæ§ã«BG:GM=CG:GN=2:1ãªã®ã§ãGã¯åäžç·ã2:1ã«å
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ç¹Aãéã蟺BCã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãç¹Bãéã蟺CAã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãç¹Cãéã蟺ABã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãããããããã®çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãå³ã®ããã«P,Q,Rãšããã
ãããšãåè§åœ¢RBCA ã¯å¹³è¡å蟺圢ãªã®ã§ã RA = BC ã§ããã åæ§ã«ãåè§åœ¢ABCQ ãå¹³è¡å蟺圢ãªã®ã§ BC=AQ ã§ããã ãã£ãŠ RA=BC ã〠BC=AQ ãªã®ã§ã RA = AQ ã§ããã
次ã«ãç¹Aãã察蟺BCãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·äžã«åç·ADãåŒãã ãããšã RQ // BC ã®ä»®å®ã«ãããå¹³è¡ãª2çŽç·ã®åäœè§ãçããäºãå©çšããŠã
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ãŸããæ£äžè§åœ¢ã§ãªãäžè§åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠå€å¿Oã»éå¿Gã»åå¿Hã¯åžžã«äžçŽç·äžã«ååšãããã®çŽç·ããªã€ã©ãŒç·ãšåŒã¶ã
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å€è§Bãšå€è§Cã®äºçåç·ã®äº€ç¹ãJãšããã
å³ã®ããã«ãJããâ³ABCã®3蟺ãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·ç·äžã«åç·JD,JE,JFããããã
ãããšã
ãªã®ã§ã
ã§ããã
ãã£ãŠãçŽç·AJã¯â Aã®äºçåç·ã§ããã
ãã®ç¹ J ã åå¿(ãŒããã)ãšããã
äžè§åœ¢ã«ã¯3ã€ã®åå¿ãååšããã
äžè§åœ¢ã®å€å¿ãå
å¿ãéå¿ãåå¿ãåå¿ãåãããŠäžè§åœ¢ã®äºå¿ãšåŒã¶ã
äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\displaystyle \mathrm {ABC} } ã«å¯Ÿããä»»æã®äžç¹ O {\displaystyle \mathrm {O} } ãš A , B , C {\displaystyle \mathrm {A} ,\mathrm {B} ,\mathrm {C} } ãçµãã çŽç·ããããã B C , C A , A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {BC} ,\mathrm {CA} ,\mathrm {AB} } ãšäº€ããç¹ã D , E , F {\displaystyle \mathrm {D} ,\mathrm {E} ,\mathrm {F} } ãšããã
ãã®ãšãã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãæãç«ã€ã
蚌æ
ç¹ C {\displaystyle \mathrm {C} } ãéãçŽç· A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {AB} } ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãããã A D , B E {\displaystyle \mathrm {AD} ,\mathrm {BE} } ãšã®äº€ç¹ããããã G , H {\displaystyle \mathrm {G} ,\mathrm {H} } ãšããã
A F : F B = G C : H C {\displaystyle \mathrm {AF} :\mathrm {FB} =\mathrm {GC} :\mathrm {HC} }
B D : D C = A B : C G {\displaystyle \mathrm {BD} :\mathrm {DC} =\mathrm {AB} :\mathrm {CG} }
C E : E A = C H : A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {CE} :\mathrm {EA} =\mathrm {CH} :\mathrm {AB} }
ãããã£ãŠã
A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = G C H C â
A B C G â
C H A B = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}={\frac {\mathrm {GC} }{\mathrm {HC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {AB} }{\mathrm {CG} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CH} }{\mathrm {AB} }}=1}
å¹³è¡ç·ã«ããæ¯ã®ç§»åããã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = G C H C â
A B C G â
C H A B = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}={\frac {\mathrm {GC} }{\mathrm {HC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {AB} }{\mathrm {CG} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CH} }{\mathrm {AB} }}=1}
äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\displaystyle \mathrm {ABC} } ã«å¯ŸããçŽç· B C , C A , A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {BC} ,\mathrm {CA} ,\mathrm {AB} } äžã«ããããç¹ D , E , F {\displaystyle \mathrm {D} ,\mathrm {E} ,\mathrm {F} } ããããšãã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãªãã°ãçŽç· A F , B D , C E {\displaystyle \mathrm {AF} ,\mathrm {BD} ,\mathrm {CE} } ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã
蚌æ
çŽç· B D , C E {\displaystyle \mathrm {BD} ,\mathrm {CE} } ã®äº€ç¹ã O {\displaystyle \mathrm {O} } ãšãããçŽç· A O {\displaystyle \mathrm {AO} } ãšçŽç· B C {\displaystyle \mathrm {BC} } ãšã®äº€ç¹ã F â² {\displaystyle \mathrm {F} '} ãšããããã®ãšãããã§ãã®å®çããã A F â² F â² B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF'} }{\mathrm {F'B} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãæãç«ã€ããŸããä»®å®ããã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {BD} }{\mathrm {DC} }}\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {CE} }{\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ã§ãããããã2ã€ã®åŒããã A F F B = A F â² F â² B {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {AF} }{\mathrm {FB} }}={\frac {\mathrm {AF'} }{\mathrm {F'B} }}} ãåŸããããããã¯ã2ç¹ F , F â² {\displaystyle \mathrm {F} ,\mathrm {F} '} ãç·å A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {AB} } ãåãæ¯ã§å
åããç¹ã§ããããšã瀺ãã®ã§ã ç¹ F {\displaystyle \mathrm {F} } ãšç¹ F â² {\displaystyle \mathrm {F} '} ã¯äžèŽããããã£ãŠãçŽç· A F , B D , C E {\displaystyle \mathrm {AF} ,\mathrm {BD} ,\mathrm {CE} } ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã
ä»»æã®çŽç· l {\displaystyle l} ãšäžè§åœ¢ A B C {\displaystyle \mathrm {ABC} } ã«ãããŠãçŽç· l {\displaystyle l} ãšçŽç· B C , C A , A B {\displaystyle \mathrm {BC} ,\mathrm {CA} ,\mathrm {AB} } ã®äº€ç¹ããããã D , E , F {\displaystyle \mathrm {D} ,\mathrm {E} ,\mathrm {F} } ãšããããã®ãšã
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| [
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãäžè§åœ¢ãåã®æ§è³ªã空éå³åœ¢ã®æ§è³ªçã«ã€ããŠæ±ãã",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m, nãæ£ã®æ°ãšãããç¹Pãç·åABäžã«ãã£ãŠAB:PB=m:nãæãç«ã€ãšãããç¹Pã¯ç·åABãm:nã«å
åããããšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç¹Qãç·åABã®å»¶é·ç·äžã«ãã£ãŠAQ:BQ=m:nã§ãããšãããç¹Qã¯ç·åABãm:nã«å€åããããšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle ABC} ã®èŸºAB, AC(ãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·ç·)äžã«ããããç¹P, Qããããšãã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®å
è§ã®2çåç·ã«é¢ããŠã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â A {\\displaystyle \\angle A} ã®2çåç·ãšèŸºBCãšã®äº€ç¹ãDã ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CãéãADã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãšBAã®å»¶é·ãšã®äº€ç¹ãEãšããã ADãšECã¯å¹³è¡ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®3ã€ã®åŒãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããADãšECã¯å¹³è¡ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1)ãš(2)ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ã®2çåç·ã«é¢ããŠã次ã®ããšãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "CãéãADã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãšABã®å»¶é·ãšã®äº€ç¹ãEãšãããšãäžã®å®çãšåæ§ã«",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "w:äºå¿ãåç
§ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ABCãåãã蟺AB,AC ã®ããããã«å¯ŸããŠåçŽäºçåç·ãåãã2çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãOãšããããã®ãšããç¹OãAB,ACã®ããããã«å¯ŸããåçŽ2çåç·äžã«ããããšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã®ã§ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠç¹Oã¯èŸºBCã®åçŽäºçåç·äžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®èšŒæããã O A = O B = O C {\\displaystyle OA=OB=OC} ã§ããã®ã§ããã®ç¹ã¯äžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®é ç¹ããçè·é¢ã«ããããšãåããã®ã§ããã®ç¹Oãäžå¿ãšããŠåãæžããšãäžè§åœ¢ABCã®é ç¹3ã€ãéãåãæžãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããã«ãäžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®é ç¹ãéãå(å³å³ã§ã¯èµ€ç·ã®éšå)ã®ããšãå€æ¥å(ãããã€ããã è±:circumscribed circle)ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŠãå€æ¥åã®äžå¿(å³å³ã®ç¹Oã®éšå)ã®ããšãããã®äžè§åœ¢ã® å€å¿(ãããã)ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ABCãåããè§A,Bã«ã€ããŠè§ã®2çåç·ãåã2çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãIãšåŒã¶ã ããã«ãç¹Iãã蟺BC,CA,ABã«äžãããåç·ãšããããã®èŸºã®äº€ç¹ããããã D,E,F ãšåŒã¶ãšããããã®ãšããè§Aã®äºçåç·ã®æ§è³ªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã¡ãåæ§ã«è§Bã®2çåç·ã®æ§è³ªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãç¹Iã¯è§Cã®äºçåç·äžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ID=IE=IF ãªã®ã§ãå³ã®ããã«äžè§åœ¢ã®äžèŸºã«æ¥ããåãæžãããšãã§ãããã®åã â³ABCã®å
æ¥å (ãªããã€ãããè±:inscribed circle)ãšããããã®äžå¿Iãå
å¿(ãªããã)ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäžè§åœ¢ã®å
æ¥åã®ååŸãrãšãããšãé¢ç©SãšäžèŸºã®é·ãa,b,cãšã®éã«",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®é¢ä¿åŒãæãç«ã€(â³ABIãâ³BCIãâ³CAIã®3ã€ã®äžè§åœ¢ã®é¢ç©ãèããŠã¿ã)ãé¢ç©Sã¯ããã³ã®å
¬åŒãçšããã°ãäžè§åœ¢ã®äžèŸºã®é·ãããå
æ¥åã®ååŸãèšç®ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ããçžå¯Ÿãã蟺ã®äžç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠäžãããç·åã®ããšã äžç· ãšãããäžè§åœ¢ã®3ã€ã®äžç·ã®äº€ããç¹ãéå¿ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle ABC} ã®èŸºBC, CA, ABã®äžç¹ãããããL, M, Nãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžç¹é£çµå®çããML // AB, 2ML=ABãæãç«ã€ã®ã§ãäžç·AL, BMã®äº€ç¹ãGãšãããšAG:GL=AB:ML=2:1",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžç·ALãšCNã®äº€ç¹ãG'ãšãããšãäžãšåæ§ã«èããŠAG':G'L=AC:NL=2:1",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãGãšG'ã¯ãšãã«ç·åABã2:1ã«å
åããç¹ã§ããã®ã§ããã®2ç¹ã¯äžèŽããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã3æ¬ã®äžç·ã¯1ç¹Gã§äº€ãããAG:GL=2:1ã§ããã åæ§ã«BG:GM=CG:GN=2:1ãªã®ã§ãGã¯åäžç·ã2:1ã«å
åããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€å¿ã®æ§è³ªãå©çšããŠã次ã®å®çã蚌æã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹Aãéã蟺BCã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãç¹Bãéã蟺CAã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãç¹Cãéã蟺ABã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãããããããã®çŽç·ã®äº€ç¹ãå³ã®ããã«P,Q,Rãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšãåè§åœ¢RBCA ã¯å¹³è¡å蟺圢ãªã®ã§ã RA = BC ã§ããã åæ§ã«ãåè§åœ¢ABCQ ãå¹³è¡å蟺圢ãªã®ã§ BC=AQ ã§ããã ãã£ãŠ RA=BC ã〠BC=AQ ãªã®ã§ã RA = AQ ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãç¹Aãã察蟺BCãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·äžã«åç·ADãåŒãã ãããšã RQ // BC ã®ä»®å®ã«ãããå¹³è¡ãª2çŽç·ã®åäœè§ãçããäºãå©çšããŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå°ãããããããã£ãŠããã®ç·åADã¯ãâ³RQPã®èŸºRQã®åçŽäºçåç·ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«èãããšãé ç¹Bãã蟺ACãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·äžã«éãããåç·BEã¯èŸºRPã®åçŽäºçåç·ã§ãããé ç¹Cãã蟺ABãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·äžã«éãããåç·CFã¯èŸºPQã®åçŽäºçåç·ã§ããããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®3æ¬ã®åçŽäºçåç·ã¯ãâ³RQPã®å€å¿ã§äº€ãããããªãã¡â³ABCã®åé ç¹ãã察蟺ã«åŒãã3æ¬ã®åç· AD,BE,CF ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§äžè§åœ¢ã®å€å¿ãå
å¿ãéå¿ãåå¿ãèŠãŠãããå®ã¯æ£äžè§åœ¢ã®å Žåããã®4ç¹ã¯äžèŽããããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããæ£äžè§åœ¢ã§ãªãäžè§åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠå€å¿Oã»éå¿Gã»åå¿Hã¯åžžã«äžçŽç·äžã«ååšãããã®çŽç·ããªã€ã©ãŒç·ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªãããªã€ã©ãŒç·ã®èšŒæã¯äžè§é¢æ°ããã¯ãã«ã§ãã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã€ã©ãŒç·ã¯w:ä¹ç¹åã®äžå¿NãéããON=NHãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€è§Bãšå€è§Cã®äºçåç·ã®äº€ç¹ãJãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³ã®ããã«ãJããâ³ABCã®3蟺ãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·ç·äžã«åç·JD,JE,JFããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããšã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªã®ã§ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãçŽç·AJã¯â Aã®äºçåç·ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ç¹ J ã åå¿(ãŒããã)ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã«ã¯3ã€ã®åå¿ãååšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®å€å¿ãå
å¿ãéå¿ãåå¿ãåå¿ãåãããŠäžè§åœ¢ã®äºå¿ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {ABC} } ã«å¯Ÿããä»»æã®äžç¹ O {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {O} } ãš A , B , C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {A} ,\\mathrm {B} ,\\mathrm {C} } ãçµãã çŽç·ããããã B C , C A , A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} ,\\mathrm {CA} ,\\mathrm {AB} } ãšäº€ããç¹ã D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {C} } ãéãçŽç· A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AB} } ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãããã A D , B E {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AD} ,\\mathrm {BE} } ãšã®äº€ç¹ããããã G , H {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {G} ,\\mathrm {H} } ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A F : F B = G C : H C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AF} :\\mathrm {FB} =\\mathrm {GC} :\\mathrm {HC} }",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"tag": "p",
"text": "B D : D C = A B : C G {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BD} :\\mathrm {DC} =\\mathrm {AB} :\\mathrm {CG} }",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"tag": "p",
"text": "C E : E A = C H : A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {CE} :\\mathrm {EA} =\\mathrm {CH} :\\mathrm {AB} }",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = G C H C â
A B C G â
C H A B = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}={\\frac {\\mathrm {GC} }{\\mathrm {HC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {AB} }{\\mathrm {CG} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CH} }{\\mathrm {AB} }}=1}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³è¡ç·ã«ããæ¯ã®ç§»åããã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = G C H C â
A B C G â
C H A B = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}={\\frac {\\mathrm {GC} }{\\mathrm {HC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {AB} }{\\mathrm {CG} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CH} }{\\mathrm {AB} }}=1}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {ABC} } ã«å¯ŸããçŽç· B C , C A , A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} ,\\mathrm {CA} ,\\mathrm {AB} } äžã«ããããç¹ D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ããããšãã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãªãã°ãçŽç· A F , B D , C E {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AF} ,\\mathrm {BD} ,\\mathrm {CE} } ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç· B D , C E {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BD} ,\\mathrm {CE} } ã®äº€ç¹ã O {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {O} } ãšãããçŽç· A O {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AO} } ãšçŽç· B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} } ãšã®äº€ç¹ã F â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {F} '} ãšããããã®ãšãããã§ãã®å®çããã A F â² F â² B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF'} }{\\mathrm {F'B} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ãæãç«ã€ããŸããä»®å®ããã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {BD} }{\\mathrm {DC} }}\\cdot {\\frac {\\mathrm {CE} }{\\mathrm {EA} }}=1} ã§ãããããã2ã€ã®åŒããã A F F B = A F â² F â² B {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {AF} }{\\mathrm {FB} }}={\\frac {\\mathrm {AF'} }{\\mathrm {F'B} }}} ãåŸããããããã¯ã2ç¹ F , F â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {F} ,\\mathrm {F} '} ãç·å A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AB} } ãåãæ¯ã§å
åããç¹ã§ããããšã瀺ãã®ã§ã ç¹ F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {F} } ãšç¹ F â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {F} '} ã¯äžèŽããããã£ãŠãçŽç· A F , B D , C E {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AF} ,\\mathrm {BD} ,\\mathrm {CE} } ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ä»»æã®çŽç· l {\\displaystyle l} ãšäžè§åœ¢ A B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {ABC} } ã«ãããŠãçŽç· l {\\displaystyle l} ãšçŽç· B C , C A , A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} ,\\mathrm {CA} ,\\mathrm {AB} } ã®äº€ç¹ããããã D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ãšããããã®ãšã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹ C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {C} } ããçŽç· l {\\displaystyle l} ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ããããçŽç· A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {AB} } ãšã®äº€ç¹ã G {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {G} } ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³è¡ç·ã«ããæ¯ã®ç§»åããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"tag": "p",
"text": "B D : D C = B F : G F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BD} :\\mathrm {DC} =\\mathrm {BF} :\\mathrm {GF} }",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"tag": "p",
"text": "C E : E A = G F : F A {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {CE} :\\mathrm {EA} =\\mathrm {GF} :\\mathrm {FA} }",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = A F F B â
B F G F â
G F F A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\mathrm {AF} \\over \\mathrm {FB} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {BD} \\over \\mathrm {DC} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {CE} \\over \\mathrm {EA} }={\\mathrm {AF} \\over \\mathrm {FB} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {BF} \\over \\mathrm {GF} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {GF} \\over \\mathrm {FA} }=1}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {ABC} } ã«å¯ŸããŠãçŽç· B C , C A , A B {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} ,\\mathrm {CA} ,\\mathrm {AB} } äžã«ç¹ D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ããšãã D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ã®ãã¡äžè§åœ¢ A B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {ABC} } ã®èŸºäžã«ããç¹ã0åãããã¯2åã§ããã€ã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\mathrm {AF} \\over \\mathrm {FB} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {BD} \\over \\mathrm {DC} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {CE} \\over \\mathrm {EA} }=1} ãæãç«ã€ãšãã3ç¹ D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ã¯äžçŽç·äžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2çŽç· E F , B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {EF} ,\\mathrm {BC} } ã®äº€ç¹ã D â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} '} ãšããããã®ãšããã¡ãã©ãŠã¹ã®å®çããã A F F B â
B D â² D â² C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\mathrm {AF} \\over \\mathrm {FB} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {BD'} \\over \\mathrm {D'C} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {CE} \\over \\mathrm {EA} }=1} ã§ããããŸããä»®å®ãã A F F B â
B D D C â
C E E A = 1 {\\displaystyle {\\mathrm {AF} \\over \\mathrm {FB} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {BD} \\over \\mathrm {DC} }\\cdot {\\mathrm {CE} \\over \\mathrm {EA} }=1} ã§ãããããã2åŒããã B D D C = B D â² D â² C {\\displaystyle {\\mathrm {BD} \\over \\mathrm {DC} }={\\frac {\\mathrm {BD'} }{\\mathrm {D'C} }}} ã§ãããããã¯ã2ç¹ D , D â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {D} '} ãç·å B C {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {BC} } ãåãæ¯ã§å
åããç¹ã§ããããšã瀺ãã®ã§ã ç¹ D {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} } ãšç¹ D â² {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} '} ã¯äžèŽããããããã£ãŠã3ç¹ D , E , F {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {D} ,\\mathrm {E} ,\\mathrm {F} } ã¯äžçŽç·äžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ãããªããšãèšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( A B < A C â â B > â C {\\displaystyle AB<AC\\ \\Rightarrow \\ \\angle B>\\angle C} ã®èšŒæ)",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"tag": "p",
"text": "A B < A C {\\displaystyle AB<AC} ãšãã蟺ACäžã«ç¹Dãã A D = A B {\\displaystyle AD=AB} ãšãªãããã«ãšãã°",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã§ã â A D B {\\displaystyle \\angle ADB} 㯠ⳠD B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle DBC} ã® â B D C {\\displaystyle \\angle BDC} ã®å€è§ã ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç¹Dã¯èŸºACäžã«ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1),(2),(3)ããã â B > â C {\\displaystyle \\angle B>\\angle C}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( â B > â C â A B < A C {\\displaystyle \\angle B>\\angle C\\ \\Rightarrow \\ AB<AC} ã®èšŒæ)",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â B > â C {\\displaystyle \\angle B>\\angle C} ã§ãã£ãŠã A B < A C {\\displaystyle AB<AC} ã§ã¯ãªããšãããšã次ã®ã©ã¡ãããæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1)ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãäºç蟺äžè§åœ¢ã«ãªãã®ã§ã â B = â C {\\displaystyle \\angle B=\\angle C}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(2)ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãååã§ç€ºãããšããã â B < â C {\\displaystyle \\angle B<\\angle C}",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã©ã¡ãã®å Žåããä»®å® â B > â C {\\displaystyle \\angle B>\\angle C} ã«åããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã A B < A C {\\displaystyle AB<AC} ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§åœ¢ã®3蟺ã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ãããªããšãèšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle ABC} ã«ãããŠã A B + A C > B C {\\displaystyle AB+AC>BC} ã蚌æããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蟺BAãAã®æ¹ã«å»¶é·ãããã®äžã«ç¹Dãã A D = A C {\\displaystyle AD=AC} ãšãªãããã«ãšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A C D {\\displaystyle \\triangle ACD} ã¯äºç蟺äžè§åœ¢ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ B C D {\\displaystyle \\triangle BCD} ã«ãããŠãç¹Aã¯èŸºBDäžã«ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãäžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ã®å€§å°ã®å®çãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle ABC} ã®3蟺ã®é·ããã B C = a , C A = b , A B = c {\\displaystyle BC=a\\ ,\\ CA=b\\ ,\\ AB=c} ãšãããšãäžã®å®çãã次ã®ããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ããããã b ⥠c {\\displaystyle b\\geq c} ã®ãšãã c + a > b {\\displaystyle c+a>b} ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"tag": "p",
"text": "b < c {\\displaystyle b<c} ã®ãšãã a + b > c {\\displaystyle a+b>c} ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®å®çãããäžè§åœ¢ã®3蟺ã a , b , c {\\displaystyle a\\ ,\\ b\\ ,\\ c} ã§ãããšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éã«ãæ£ã®æ° a , b , c {\\displaystyle a\\ ,\\ b\\ ,\\ c} ãäžçåŒ | b â c | < a < b + c {\\displaystyle |b-c|<a<b+c} ãæºãããšãã3蟺ã®é·ãã a , b , c {\\displaystyle a\\ ,\\ b\\ ,\\ c} ã§ããäžè§åœ¢ãååšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äžçåŒãäžè§äžçåŒãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšäžã«3ç¹A,B,CããããçŽç·ABã«ã€ããŠç¹CãšåãåŽã«ç¹Pããšãã â A P B {\\displaystyle \\angle APB} ãš â A C B {\\displaystyle \\angle ACB} ã®å€§ãããæ¯ã¹ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç¹Pã«ã€ããŠã¯ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ããããã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(2)ã®å Žåãäžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ãšå
è§ã®éã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(3)ã®å Žåããäžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ãšå
è§ã®éã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®çµæã次ã®ããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ããšããã次ã®ãããªããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®è°è«ããäžè§åœ¢ã«å€æ¥ããåã¯ã©ã®ãããªäžè§åœ¢ãåã£ããšããŠãåžžã«ååš ããããšãåãã£ããããããåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã«å¯ŸããŠå€æ¥ãããã㪠åã¯åžžã«ååšããããã§ã¯ãªãã äžè¬ã«åã«å
æ¥ãããããªåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®æ§è³ªãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ãåæèšåãã«A,B,C,Dãšããã ãã®ãšããè§A,è§Cã¯ããããç¹B,Dã察å¿ãã端ç¹ãšããå匧ã«å¯Ÿããååšè§ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ããè§Aãšè§Cã¯äºãã«éã®å匧ã察å¿ãã匧ãšããŠããããã2ã€ã®åŒ§ãåããããšãããã®åŒ§ã¯ã¡ããã©ååšããããããšã«ãªãã ãã®ããããããã®2ã€ã®åŒ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããäžå¿è§ã®å㯠360 â {\\displaystyle 360^{\\circ }} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããåã匧ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããååšè§ã®å㯠180 â {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠä»¥äžã®æ§è³ªãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ABCDã«ãããŠãäžã®å®çãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããé ç¹Cã«ãããå€è§ã â D C E {\\displaystyle \\angle DCE} ãšãããšã â D C E + â C = 180 â {\\displaystyle \\angle DCE+\\angle C=180^{\\circ }} ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®æ§è³ªã®éã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(1)ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè§åœ¢ABCDã§ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ A B C {\\displaystyle \\triangle ABC} ã®å€æ¥åOãæžããåOã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ABCD'ãäœããš",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I),(II)ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãååšè§ã®å®çã®éãããç¹Dã¯ãã®åOã®åšäžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠãåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(2)ã®èšŒæ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè§åœ¢ABCDã§ãé ç¹Cã«ãããå€è§ã â D C E {\\displaystyle \\angle DCE} ãšããŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åè§åœ¢ãåã«å
æ¥ããæ¡ä»¶(1)ãããåããåãå
è§ã®åã 180 â {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} ã§ãããããåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åOã®å€ã®ç¹Aãããã®åã«2æ¬ã®æ¥ç·ãåŒããããã®æ¥ç¹ãP,Qãšãããšããç·åAP,AQã®é·ãããåOã®å€ã®ç¹AããåOã«åŒããæ¥ç·ã®é·ããšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®æ¥ç·ã®é·ãã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ããšããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽè§äžè§åœ¢APO,AQOã«ãããŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I),(II)ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã察å¿ãã蟺APãšAQã¯çããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ååšäžã®ç¹Aãéãæ¥ç·ATããã£ãŠãååšäžã«2ç¹B,Cããšããšãã â T A B {\\displaystyle \\angle TAB} ãšååšè§ â A C B {\\displaystyle \\angle ACB} ã®å€§ããã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªé¢ä¿ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â T A B {\\displaystyle \\angle TAB} ãéè§ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠèããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽåŸADãåŒããšã â T A D = 90 â {\\displaystyle \\angle TAD=90^{\\circ }} ã§ããããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããADã¯çŽåŸã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â B A D {\\displaystyle \\angle BAD} ãš â B C D {\\displaystyle \\angle BCD} ã¯åŒ§BDã«å¯Ÿããååšè§ã§ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(I),(II),(III)ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â T A B {\\displaystyle \\angle TAB} ãçŽè§ãéè§ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã«èšŒæã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžå¿Oãšããåã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®å®çãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããç¹Eãåã®å€éšã«ããå Žåãèããããã®ãšããçŽç·ABäžã§ç¹Eã«è¿ãç¹ãç¹B, çŽç·CDäžã§ç¹Eã«è¿ãç¹ãç¹Cãšããããšããäžè§åœ¢ECBãšäžè§åœ¢EADãçžäŒŒã§ããããšã 瀺ãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããŠããããšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæç«ãããããã¯åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®çžå¯Ÿããè§ã®åã 180 â {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} ã«ãªãããšã« ãã£ãŠãããåæ§ã«ããŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæç«ãã2è§ãçããããšããäžè§åœ¢ECBãšäžè§åœ¢EADã¯çžäŒŒãšãªãã ãã®ããšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã®ããšã¯",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãç¹Eãåã®å
éšã«ããå Žåãèããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®ãšãäžè§åœ¢EADãšäžè§åœ¢EBCãäºãã«çžäŒŒã§ããããšã瀺ãã æåã«",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠããããäºãã®å¯Ÿé è§ã§ããããšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã次ã«ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ã€ããŠããããååšBDã®ååšè§ã§ããããšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ããã£ãŠã2è§ãçããããšããäžè§åœ¢EADãšäžè§åœ¢EBC㯠äºãã«çžäŒŒã§ããããã®ããšãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªããããã®ããšã¯",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«çããã ãã£ãŠãã©ã¡ãã®å Žåã«ãæ¹ã¹ãã®å®çã瀺ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäžå¿Oãšããåã®åŒŠãšæ¥ç·ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®å®çãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"tag": "p",
"text": "â³ P A T {\\displaystyle \\triangle PAT} ãš â³ P T B {\\displaystyle \\triangle PTB} ã«ãããŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¥åŒŠå®çãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã ããã â³ P A T {\\displaystyle \\triangle PAT} ãš â³ P T B {\\displaystyle \\triangle PTB} ã¯çžäŒŒ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®ç·åAB, CD(ãŸãã¯ãã®å»¶é·ç·)ãç¹Pã§äº€ãããšããPAã»PB = PCã»PDãªãã°4ç¹A, B, C, Dã¯åäžååšäžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"tag": "p",
"text": "PAã»PB=PCã»PDããPA:PD=PC:PBãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸãã â A P C = â D P B {\\displaystyle \\angle APC=\\angle DPB} ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã â³ P A C {\\displaystyle \\triangle PAC} ãš â³ P D B {\\displaystyle \\triangle PDB} ã¯çžäŒŒãªã®ã§ã â P A C = â P D B {\\displaystyle \\angle PAC=\\angle PDB} ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãååšè§ã®å®çã®éããã4ç¹A,B,C,Dã¯åäžååšäžã«ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ¹åªã®å®ç(2)ã®éãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®åãåã£ããšããããã¯ããã€ãã®ä»æ¹ã§é¢ä¿ããã2ã€ã®åã®é¢ä¿ã¯2ã€ã®åã®äžå¿éã®è·é¢ãšã2åã®ååŸã«ãã£ãŠå®ãŸãã 2åã®è·é¢ããããã r 1 {\\displaystyle r_{1}} , r 2 {\\displaystyle r_{2}} ( r 1 > r 2 {\\displaystyle r_{1}>r_{2}} ),äžå¿éã®è·é¢ã l {\\displaystyle l} ãšãããšã2åã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ãšããŠ",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ã®åããã 1ã€ã®å
±æç¹ããã€ãšãããã®2ã€ã®åã¯æ¥ãããšããããã®å
±æç¹ãæ¥ç¹(ãã£ãŠããè±:point of contact)ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"tag": "p",
"text": "1ã€ã®çŽç·ãã2ã€ã®åã«æ¥ããŠãããšãããã®çŽç·ãã2ã€ã®åã®å
±éæ¥ç·ãšããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®èŠã»ã³ã³ãã¹ã®ã¿ãçšããŠãäžããããæ¡ä»¶ãæºããå³åœ¢ãæãããšãäœå³ãšããããã ãããçŽç·ãåŒãããåãæãããã³ã³ãã¹ã§é·ãã転åããã以å€ã®æäœ(å®èŠã§é·ãã枬ãç)ã¯èªããããªãã ãããã£ãŠã2ã€ã®äžè§å®èŠãçšããŠå¹³è¡ç·ãåŒãããšã¯äžã®æå³ã§ã®äœå³ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããŸã§åŠãã äžè§åœ¢ãåã®æ§è³ªãçšããããšã§ãããŸããŸãªå³åœ¢ãäœå³ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœå³ãã®ãã®ã倧åãšããŠãã¹ããå
¥è©Šã«åºãããšã¯ããŸããªãããå³åœ¢åé¡ãèããéã¯æ£ç¢ºã«äœå³ããããšã倧åã«ãªã£ãŠããããã®å
ãæ°åŠIIãå³åœ¢ãšæ¹çšåŒãããæ°åŠCããã¯ãã«ãã«ãããŠãäœå³ãã§ããªããšè©±ã«ãªããªããããã¹ãã«åºãªãããã»ã£ãšããã§ã¯ãªãããã®å
ã®å¹Ÿäœåéã§åœ¹ç«ãŠãããã«ããã²ãã¡ããšåŠãã§ã»ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžããããçŽç· l {\\displaystyle l} äžã«ãªãç¹Pãéãã l {\\displaystyle l} ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãäœå³ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžããããç·åABãm:nã«å
åããç¹ãäœå³ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é·ã1ã®ç·åABãšé·ãa, bã®äºã€ã®ç·åãäžãããããšããé·ã b a {\\displaystyle {\\frac {b}{a}}} ã®ç·åãäœå³ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ BE=xãšããã BC // EDãã1:x=a:bã§ããã ãã®åŒãå€åœ¢ãããš x = b a {\\displaystyle x={\\frac {b}{a}}} ãšãªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®äºã€ã¯ãå€a, bã«å¯ŸããŠåa/b, ç©abã®èšç®ãäœå³ã§è¡ãªã£ãŠããããšã«ãªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é·ã1ã®ç·åABãšé·ãaã®ç·åãäžãããããšããé·ãâaã®ç·åãäœå³ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ æ¹åªã®å®çãããBAã»BC=BDã»BE ããã§ãAB=1, BC=a, BD=BEãªã®ã§BD=a^2ãšãªãã BD=âaãšãªãã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£äºè§åœ¢ã«ã€ããŠãäžèŸºã®é·ããšå¯Ÿè§ç·ã®é·ãã®æ¯ã¯é»éæ¯1 : Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã§ãããããã§ã Ï = 1 + 5 2 {\\displaystyle \\phi ={\\frac {1+{\\sqrt {5}}}{2}}} ã¯é»éæ°ãšåŒã°ããæ°ã§ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"tag": "p",
"text": "é·ã2ã®ç·åCDãäžãããããšããæ£äºè§åœ¢ABCDEãäœå³ããã ãŸãã¯ã察è§ç·ACã®é·ãã1+â5ã§ããããšãå©çšããŠãé ç¹Aãäœå³ããã",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ã空éã«ãããçŽç·ã»å¹³é¢ã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããã®å
容ã¯æ°åŠCã§ç©ºéãã¯ãã«ãåŠã¶éã«ç¥ã£ãŠãããªããã°ãªããªãåºç€çãªç¥èã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°ãªã2çŽç·ã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«ã¯ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®3ã€ã®å Žåãããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹³é¢å³åœ¢ãšåæ§ã2çŽç·l, mãå¹³è¡ãªãšãl // mã®ããã«è¡šãã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2çŽç·l, mãå¹³è¡ã§ãªããšããç¹Oãéãl, mã«ããããå¹³è¡ã§ãããããª2çŽç·l', m'ãåŒããšãl', m'ã¯åäžå¹³é¢äžã«ããããã®ãªãè§ã¯ç¹Oã®åãæ¹ã«ãããäžå®ã§ããããã®è§ã2çŽç·l, mã®ãªãè§ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®è§ãçŽè§ã§ãããšãããlãšmã¯åçŽã§ããããšãããl ⥠mã®ããã«è¡šãã ç¹ã«ãåçŽãª2çŽç·ã亀ãããšãããããã¯ãçŽäº€ããããšããã ãŸããå¹³è¡ãª2çŽç·ã®äžæ¹ã«åçŽãªçŽç·ã¯ä»æ¹ã«ãåçŽã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç·lãšå¹³é¢aã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«ã¯ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®3ã€ã®å Žåãããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç·lãšå¹³é¢aãå¹³è¡ã§ãããšããl // aãšè¡šãã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"tag": "p",
"text": "çŽç·lãå¹³é¢aäžã®å
šãŠã®çŽç·ã«åçŽã§ãããšããçŽç·lã¯ãå¹³é¢aã«åçŽããŸãã¯ãå¹³é¢aã«çŽäº€ãã§ãããšãããl ⥠aãšè¡šãã ç¹ã«ãçŽç·lãå¹³é¢aäžã®äº€ãã2çŽç·m, nã«åçŽãªãã°ãçŽç·lã¯å¹³é¢aã«åçŽã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ç°ãªã2å¹³é¢a, bã®äœçœ®é¢ä¿ã«ã¯ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®2ã€ã®å Žåãããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2å¹³é¢ã亀ãããšããå
±æããçŽç·ã亀ç·ãšåŒã¶ã 2å¹³é¢a, bãå¹³è¡ã§ãããšããa // bãšè¡šãã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"tag": "p",
"text": "亀ãã2å¹³é¢ã®äº€ç·äžã®ç¹ããåå¹³é¢äžã«åŒããã亀ç·ã«åçŽãª2ã€ã®çŽç·ã®ãªãè§ã2å¹³é¢ã®ãªãè§ãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2å¹³é¢a, bã®ãªãè§ãçŽè§ã§ãããšããa, bã¯ãåçŽã§ããããŸãã¯ãçŽäº€ããããšãããa ⥠bãšæžãã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè§æ±ãåè§éãªã©ã®ããã«ãå€è§åœ¢ã®é¢ã§å²ãŸããç«äœãå€é¢äœãšããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å¹ã¿ã®ãªãå€é¢äœãç¹ã«åžå€é¢äœãšåŒã¶ã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åé¢ãå
šãŠååãªæ£å€è§åœ¢ã§ãããæ¡åŒµç¹ã«éãŸãé¢ã®æ°ãå
šãŠçããåžå€é¢äœãæ£å€é¢äœ(ãã©ãã³ã®å€é¢äœ)ãšããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£å€é¢äœã¯æ£åé¢äœãæ£å
é¢äœ(ç«æ¹äœ)ãæ£å
«é¢äœãæ£åäºé¢äœãæ£äºåé¢äœã®5çš®é¡ã®ã¿ååšããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ£å
«é¢äœã«ã€ããŠã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"tag": "p",
"text": "åæ§ã«ããŠãæ£å€é¢äœã«ã€ããŠé¢ã®æ°ã»é ç¹ã®æ°ã»èŸºã®æ°ãèšç®ã§æ±ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããäžè¬ã®å€é¢äœã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ããšãèšããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã€ãŸããæ£å€é¢äœã®é¢ã«ãªãæ£å€è§åœ¢ã®äžã€ã®å
è§ã®å€§ããã¯120°ãããå°ããããã®ãããªæ£å€è§åœ¢ãèãããšãæ£å€é¢äœã®é¢ã«ãªãåŸãã®ã¯æ£äžè§åœ¢ãæ£æ¹åœ¢ãæ£äºè§åœ¢ã®ã¿ã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®äºå®ãšãªã€ã©ãŒã®å€é¢äœå®çãå©çšããŠãæ£å€é¢äœã5çš®é¡ããååšããªãããšã蚌æã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 248,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 249,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äœè«ã ãããªã€ã©ãŒã®å€é¢äœå®çã«äŒŒãåŒãå次å
ã®æ£å€èäœã«ãããŠãæãç«ã€ããšãç¥ãããŠããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 250,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€é¢äœããåãåã£ãç«äœãæ£å€é¢äœã§ããããšãå©çšããããšã§ãç«äœã®äœç©ãæ±ããããšãã§ããã",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 251,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "空éå³åœ¢"
}
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==== ãã§ãã®å®ç ====
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äžè§åœ¢ <math>\mathrm{ABC}</math> ã«å¯Ÿããä»»æã®äžç¹ <math>\mathrm O</math> ãš <math>\mathrm A,\mathrm B, \mathrm C</math> ãçµãã çŽç·ããããã <math>\mathrm{BC}, \mathrm{CA}, \mathrm{AB}</math> ãšäº€ããç¹ã <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E, \mathrm F</math> ãšããã
ãã®ãšãã <math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
ç¹ <math>\mathrm C</math> ãéãçŽç· <math>\mathrm{AB}</math> ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ãããã<math>\mathrm{AD} ,
\mathrm{BE}</math> ãšã®äº€ç¹ããããã <math>\mathrm G, \mathrm H</math> ãšããã<!-- å³ -->
<math>\mathrm{AF}:\mathrm{FB}=\mathrm{GC}:\mathrm{HC}</math>
<math>\mathrm{BD}:\mathrm{DC}=\mathrm{AB}:\mathrm{CG}</math>
<math>\mathrm{CE}:\mathrm{EA}=\mathrm{CH}:\mathrm{AB}</math>
ãããã£ãŠã
<math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} =
\frac{\mathrm{GC}}{\mathrm{HC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{CG}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CH}}{\mathrm{AB}} =1</math>
å¹³è¡ç·ã«ããæ¯ã®ç§»åããã <math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} =
\frac{\mathrm{GC}}{\mathrm{HC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{AB}}{\mathrm{CG}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CH}}{\mathrm{AB}} =1</math>
; '''ãã§ãã®å®çã®é'''
äžè§åœ¢ <math>\mathrm{ABC}</math> ã«å¯ŸããçŽç· <math>\mathrm{BC}, \mathrm{CA}, \mathrm{AB}</math> äžã«ããããç¹ <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E, \mathrm F</math> ããããšãã<math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ãªãã°ãçŽç· <math>\mathrm{AF},\mathrm{BD},\mathrm{CE}</math> ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã<!-- å³ -->
'''蚌æ'''
çŽç· <math>\mathrm{BD},\mathrm{CE}</math> ã®äº€ç¹ã <math>\mathrm O</math> ãšãããçŽç· <math>\mathrm{AO}</math> ãšçŽç· <math>\mathrm{BC}</math> ãšã®äº€ç¹ã <math>\mathrm F'</math> ãšããããã®ãšãããã§ãã®å®çããã<!-- å³ --><math>\frac{\mathrm{AF'}}{\mathrm{F'B}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ãæãç«ã€ããŸããä»®å®ããã<math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{BD}}{\mathrm{DC}} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{CE}}{\mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ã§ãããããã2ã€ã®åŒããã<math>\frac{\mathrm{AF}}{\mathrm{FB}} = \frac{\mathrm{AF'}}{\mathrm{F'B}}</math> ãåŸããããããã¯ã2ç¹ <math>\mathrm F, \mathrm F'</math> ãç·å <math>\mathrm{AB}</math> ãåãæ¯ã§å
åããç¹ã§ããããšã瀺ãã®ã§ã ç¹ <math>\mathrm F</math> ãšç¹ <math>\mathrm F'</math> ã¯äžèŽããããã£ãŠãçŽç· <math>\mathrm{AF},\mathrm{BD},\mathrm{CE}</math> ã¯äžç¹ã§äº€ããã
==== ã¡ãã©ãŠã¹ã®å®ç ====
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ä»»æã®çŽç· <math>l</math> ãšäžè§åœ¢ <math>\mathrm{ABC}</math> ã«ãããŠãçŽç· <math>l</math> ãšçŽç·<math>\mathrm{BC},\mathrm{CA}, \mathrm{AB}</math> ã®äº€ç¹ããããã<math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E,\mathrm F</math> ãšããããã®ãšã
:<math>{\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BD} \over \mathrm{DC}} \cdot {\mathrm{CE} \over \mathrm{EA}} = 1</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
'''蚌æ'''
ç¹ <math>\mathrm C</math> ããçŽç· <math>l</math> ã«å¹³è¡ãªçŽç·ããããçŽç· <math>\mathrm{AB}</math> ãšã®äº€ç¹ã <math>\mathrm G</math> ãšããã<!-- å³ïŒ -->
å¹³è¡ç·ã«ããæ¯ã®ç§»åããã
<math>\mathrm{BD}:\mathrm{DC}=\mathrm{BF}:\mathrm{GF}</math>
<math>\mathrm{CE}:\mathrm{EA}=\mathrm{GF}:\mathrm{FA}</math>
ãããã£ãŠã
<math>{\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BD} \over \mathrm{DC}} \cdot {\mathrm{CE} \over \mathrm{EA}} = {\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BF} \over \mathrm{GF}} \cdot {\mathrm{GF} \over \mathrm{FA}} = 1</math><ref><math>A:B=X:Y \iff \frac{A}B = \frac X Y</math> ã䜿ã£ãŠå€åœ¢ãã</ref>
; '''ã¡ãã©ãŠã¹ã®å®çã®é'''
äžè§åœ¢ <math>\mathrm{ABC}</math> ã«å¯ŸããŠãçŽç· <math>\mathrm{BC},\mathrm{CA}, \mathrm{AB}</math> äžã«ç¹ <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E,\mathrm F</math> ããšãã<math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E,\mathrm F</math> ã®ãã¡äžè§åœ¢ <math>\mathrm{ABC}</math> ã®èŸºäžã«ããç¹ã0åãããã¯2åã§ããã€ã<math>{\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BD} \over \mathrm{DC}} \cdot {\mathrm{CE} \over \mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ãæãç«ã€ãšãã3ç¹ <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E,\mathrm F</math> ã¯äžçŽç·äžã«ããã
'''蚌æ'''
2çŽç· <math>\mathrm{EF},\mathrm{BC}</math> ã®äº€ç¹ã <math>\mathrm D'</math> ãšããããã®ãšããã¡ãã©ãŠã¹ã®å®çããã<math>{\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BD'} \over \mathrm{D'C}} \cdot {\mathrm{CE} \over \mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ã§ããããŸããä»®å®ãã <math>{\mathrm{AF} \over \mathrm{FB}} \cdot {\mathrm{BD} \over \mathrm{DC}} \cdot {\mathrm{CE} \over \mathrm{EA}} = 1</math> ã§ãããããã2åŒããã<math>{\mathrm{BD} \over \mathrm{DC}} = \frac{\mathrm{BD'}}{\mathrm{D'C}}</math> ã§ãããããã¯ã2ç¹ <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm D'</math> ãç·å <math>\mathrm{BC}</math> ãåãæ¯ã§å
åããç¹ã§ããããšã瀺ãã®ã§ã ç¹ <math>\mathrm D</math> ãšç¹ <math>\mathrm D'</math> ã¯äžèŽããããããã£ãŠã3ç¹ <math>\mathrm D, \mathrm E,\mathrm F</math> ã¯äžçŽç·äžã«ããã
==== äžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ ====
äžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ãããªããšãèšããã
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
|style="background:yellow"|'''äžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ã®å€§å°'''
|-
|style="padding:5px"|
<math>\triangle ABC</math> ã«ãããŠ
<center><math>AB<AC\ \Leftrightarrow\ \angle B > \angle C</math></center>
|}
* å°åº
ïŒ<math>AB<AC\ \Rightarrow\ \angle B > \angle C</math>ãã®èšŒæïŒ
<math>AB<AC</math> ãšãã蟺ACäžã«ç¹Dãã <math>AD=AB</math> ãšãªãããã«ãšãã°
:<math>\angle ABD = \angle ADB</math> âŠâŠ(1)
ãšããã§ã<math>\angle ADB</math> 㯠<math>\triangle DBC</math> ã® <math>\angle BDC</math> ã®å€è§ã ãã
:<math>\angle ADB > \angle C</math> âŠâŠ(2)
ãŸããç¹Dã¯èŸºACäžã«ãããã
:<math>\angle B > \angle ABD</math> âŠâŠ(3)
(1),(2),(3)ããã<math>\angle B > \angle C</math>
ïŒ<math>\angle B > \angle C\ \Rightarrow\ AB<AC</math>ãã®èšŒæïŒ
<math>\angle B > \angle C</math> ã§ãã£ãŠã<math>AB<AC</math> ã§ã¯ãªããšãããšã次ã®ã©ã¡ãããæãç«ã€ã
:<math>AB=AC</math> âŠâŠ(1)
:<math>AB>AC</math> âŠâŠ(2)
(1)ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãäºç蟺äžè§åœ¢ã«ãªãã®ã§ã<math>\angle B = \angle C</math>
(2)ãæãç«ã€ãšãããšãååã§ç€ºãããšããã<math>\angle B < \angle C</math>
ã©ã¡ãã®å Žåããä»®å® <math>\angle B > \angle C</math> ã«åããã
ãã£ãŠã<math>AB<AC</math>ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã
äžè§åœ¢ã®3蟺ã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ãããªããšãèšããã
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
|style="background:yellow"|'''äžè§åœ¢ã®2蟺ã®å'''
|-
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äžè§åœ¢ã®2蟺ã®åã¯ãæ®ãã®èŸºããã倧ããã
|}
* å°åº
<math>\triangle ABC</math> ã«ãããŠã<math>AB+AC>BC</math> ã蚌æããã
蟺BAãAã®æ¹ã«å»¶é·ãããã®äžã«ç¹Dãã<math>AD=AC</math> ãšãªãããã«ãšãã
<math>\triangle ACD</math> ã¯äºç蟺äžè§åœ¢ã§ãããã
:<math>\angle D = \angle ACD</math>
<math>\triangle BCD</math> ã«ãããŠãç¹Aã¯èŸºBDäžã«ãããã
:<math>\angle BCD > \angle ACD = \angle D</math>
ãã£ãŠãäžè§åœ¢ã®èŸºãšè§ã®å€§å°ã®å®çãã
:<math>AB+AC=AB+AD=DB>BC</math>
<math>\triangle ABC</math> ã®3蟺ã®é·ããã<math>BC=a\ ,\ CA=b\ ,\ AB=c</math> ãšãããšãäžã®å®çãã次ã®ããšããããã
:<math>b+c>a\ ,\ c+a>b\ ,\ a+b>c</math>
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
|style="background:yellow"|'''äžè§åœ¢ã®2蟺ã®å·®'''
|-
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äžè§åœ¢ã®2蟺ã®å·®ã¯ãæ®ãã®èŸºãããå°ããã
|}
* å°åº
:<math>b+c>a\ ,\ c+a>b\ ,\ a+b>c</math>
ã§ããããã<math>b \ge c</math> ã®ãšãã<math>c+a>b</math> ãã
:<math>a>b-c</math>
<math>b<c</math> ã®ãšãã<math>a+b>c</math> ãã
:<math>a>c-b</math>
ãæãç«ã€ã
2ã€ã®å®çãããäžè§åœ¢ã®3蟺ã <math>a\ ,\ b\ ,\ c</math> ã§ãããšãã
:<math>|b-c|<a<b+c</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããšããããã
éã«ãæ£ã®æ° <math>a\ ,\ b\ ,\ c</math> ãäžçåŒ <math>|b-c|<a<b+c</math> ãæºãããšãã3蟺ã®é·ãã <math>a\ ,\ b\ ,\ c</math> ã§ããäžè§åœ¢ãååšããã
ãã®äžçåŒã'''äžè§äžçåŒ'''ãšåŒã¶ã
=== åã®æ§è³ª ===
==== ååšè§ã®å®çã®é ====
ååšäžã«3ç¹A,B,CããããçŽç·ABã«ã€ããŠç¹CãšåãåŽã«ç¹Pããšãã<math>\angle APB</math> ãš <math>\angle ACB</math> ã®å€§ãããæ¯ã¹ãã
ç¹Pã«ã€ããŠã¯ã
:(1)ãPãååšäžã«ãã
:(2)ãPãåã®å
éšã«ãã
:(3)ãPãåã®å€éšã«ãã
ã®ããããã§ããã
(2)ã®å Žåãäžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ãšå
è§ã®éã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ãã
:<math>
\angle APB > \angle ACB
</math>
(3)ã®å Žåããäžè§åœ¢ã®å€è§ãšå
è§ã®éã®å€§å°é¢ä¿ãã
:<math>
\angle APB < \angle ACB
</math>
ãã®çµæã次ã®ããšããããã
:(1)ãPãååšäžã«ãã <math>\Rightarrow \angle APB = \angle ACB </math>
:(2)ãPãåã®å
éšã«ãã <math>\Rightarrow \angle APB > \angle ACB </math>
:(3)ãPãåã®å€éšã«ãã <math>\Rightarrow \angle APB < \angle ACB </math>
ãã®ããšããã次ã®ãããªããšããããã
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
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|-
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2ç¹C,PãçŽç·ABã«ã€ããŠåãåŽã«ãããšãã<math>\angle APB = \angle ACB </math> ãªãã°ã4ç¹A,B,C,Pã¯åãååšäžã«ããã
|}
==== åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ ====
äžã®è°è«ããäžè§åœ¢ã«å€æ¥ããåã¯ã©ã®ãããªäžè§åœ¢ãåã£ããšããŠãåžžã«ååš
ããããšãåãã£ããããããåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã«å¯ŸããŠå€æ¥ãããããª
åã¯åžžã«ååšããããã§ã¯ãªãã
äžè¬ã«åã«å
æ¥ãããããªåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠã¯ä»¥äžã®æ§è³ªãæãç«ã€ã
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
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æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®æ§è³ª(1)'''
|-
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åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®çžå¯Ÿããè§ã®åã¯<math>180^\circ</math>ãšãªãã
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* å°åº
å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®é ç¹ãåæèšåãã«A,B,C,Dãšããã
ãã®ãšããè§A,è§Cã¯ããããç¹B,Dã察å¿ãã端ç¹ãšããå匧ã«å¯Ÿããååšè§ãšãªã£ãŠããããã ããè§Aãšè§Cã¯äºãã«éã®å匧ã察å¿ãã匧ãšããŠããããã2ã€ã®åŒ§ãåããããšãããã®åŒ§ã¯ã¡ããã©ååšããããããšã«ãªãã
ãã®ããããããã®2ã€ã®åŒ§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããäžå¿è§ã®åã¯<math>360^\circ</math>ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããåã匧ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããååšè§ã®åã¯
<math>180^\circ</math>ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã®ã§ããã
ãŸããåã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã«é¢ããŠä»¥äžã®æ§è³ªãæãç«ã€ã
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æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®æ§è³ª(2)'''
|-
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æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã«ãããŠã1ã€ã®å
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* å°åº
åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ABCDã«ãããŠãäžã®å®çãã
:<math>
\angle A + \angle C = 180^\circ
</math>
ãŸããé ç¹Cã«ãããå€è§ã <math>\angle DCE</math> ãšãããšã<math>\angle DCE + \angle C = 180^\circ</math> ã§ãããã
:<math>
\angle A = \angle DCE
</math>
åã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ã®æ§è³ªã®éã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ããã
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æ¥ããæ¡ä»¶'''
|-
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* å°åº
'''(1)ã®èšŒæ'''
åè§åœ¢ABCDã§ã
:<math>\angle B + \angle D = 180^\circ</math> âŠ(I)
ãšããã
<math>\triangle ABC</math>ã®å€æ¥åOãæžããåOã«å
æ¥ããåè§åœ¢ABCD'ãäœããš
:<math>\angle B + \angle D' = 180^\circ</math> âŠ(II)
(I),(II)ãã
:<math>
\angle D = \angle D'
</math>
ãããã£ãŠãååšè§ã®å®çã®éãããç¹Dã¯ãã®åOã®åšäžã«ããã
ãã£ãŠãåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããã
'''(2)ã®èšŒæ'''
åè§åœ¢ABCDã§ãé ç¹Cã«ãããå€è§ã <math>\angle DCE</math> ãšããŠã
:<math>
\angle A = \angle DCE
</math>
ãšããã
:<math>
\angle DCE + \angle C = 180^\circ
</math>
ã§ãããã
:<math>
\angle A + \angle C = 180^\circ
</math>
åè§åœ¢ãåã«å
æ¥ããæ¡ä»¶(1)ãããåããåãå
è§ã®åã<math>180^\circ</math>ã§ãããããåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããã
==== æ¥ç·ã®é·ã ====
åOã®å€ã®ç¹Aãããã®åã«2æ¬ã®æ¥ç·ãåŒããããã®æ¥ç¹ãP,Qãšãããšããç·åAP,AQã®é·ãããåOã®å€ã®ç¹AããåOã«åŒãã'''æ¥ç·ã®é·ã'''ãšããã
2ã€ã®æ¥ç·ã®é·ãã«ã€ããŠã次ã®ããšããããã
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* å°åº
çŽè§äžè§åœ¢APO,AQOã«ãããŠ
:<math>PO=QO</math> âŠ(I)
:<math>AO</math>ã¯å
±é âŠ(II)
(I),(II)ãã
:<math>
\triangle APO \equiv \triangle AQO
</math>
ãã£ãŠã察å¿ãã蟺APãšAQã¯çããã
==== æ¥åŒŠå®ç ====
ååšäžã®ç¹Aãéãæ¥ç·ATããã£ãŠãååšäžã«2ç¹B,Cããšããšãã<math>\angle TAB </math> ãšååšè§ <math>\angle ACB </math> ã®å€§ããã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªé¢ä¿ãããã
{| style="border:2px solid yellow;width:80%" cellspacing=0
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* å°åº
<math>\angle TAB </math> ãéè§ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠèããã
çŽåŸADãåŒããšã<math>\angle TAD = 90^\circ</math> ã§ããããã
:<math>\angle TAB = 90^\circ - \angle BAD</math> âŠ(I)
ãŸããADã¯çŽåŸã§ãããã
:<math>\angle ACD = 90^\circ</math>
:<math>\angle ACB = 90^\circ - \angle BCD</math> âŠ(II)
<math>\angle BAD</math> ãš <math>\angle BCD</math> ã¯åŒ§BDã«å¯Ÿããååšè§ã§ãããã
:<math>\angle BAD = \angle BCD</math> âŠ(III)
(I),(II),(III)ãã
:<math>
\angle TAB = \angle ACB
</math>
<math>\angle TAB </math> ãçŽè§ãéè§ã®å Žåã«ã€ããŠãåæ§ã«èšŒæã§ããã
==== æ¹åªã®å®ç ====
äžå¿Oãšããåã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®å®çãæãç«ã€ã
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|-
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ååšäžã«ç°ãªã£ã2ç¹A,Bãåããã®2ç¹ãéãçŽç·ãåãããŸããåæ§ã«
A,Bãšç°ãªã£ã2ç¹C,DãéãããããééããçŽç·ãåããçŽç·ABãšçŽç·CDã®
亀ç¹ãEãšåãããã®ãšãã
:<math>
AE \times BE = CE \times DE
</math>
ãæãç«ã€ããã®å®çã'''æ¹ã¹ãã®å®ç'''ãšåŒã¶ã
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çŽç·CDäžã§ç¹Eã«è¿ãç¹ãç¹Cãšããããšããäžè§åœ¢ECBãšäžè§åœ¢EADãçžäŒŒã§ããããšã
瀺ãã
* å³
ãŸããåè§åœ¢ABCDã¯åã«å
æ¥ããŠããããšããã
:<math>
\angle DAE, \angle BCE
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"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåååŠã®åºæ¬æ³åã§ã¯ããã«ããã¢ã³ã®äžã§éåé p {\\displaystyle p} ã§ã â â x â {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial {\\vec {x}}}}} ã§çœ®ãæããããšã䞻匵ãããã ãã®ããšã¯çžå¯Ÿè«çãªåŒã§ãæ£ããããšãäºæ³ãããã ãã®ãšãã質é m {\\displaystyle m} ãæã€ç²åã§éåé p {\\displaystyle p} ã®ç²åãèãããšã ãã®ç²åã®æºããåŒã®1ã€ãšããŠã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããããããã§ãæ空ã¯4次å
ãšããèšéã¯ãã³ã³ãã¹ããŒèšéãçšããã ãã®ãšããäžã®çœ®ãæããçšãããšã æ³¢åé¢æ°ãæ±ããåŒãšããŠã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã®åŒãã¯ã©ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã³æ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ããã®åŒã解ããšã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã§ã p {\\displaystyle p} ãš x {\\displaystyle x} ã¯ã©ã¡ãã4å
ãã¯ãã«ã§ããã 2ã€ã®ç©ã¯4次å
ãã³ã³ãã¹ããŒèšéãçšããå
ç©ã§ããããã®éãæ³¢åé¢æ°ãšã㊠çšããããšã¯å¯èœã§ããããããã§ã¯ç°ãªã£ãä»æ¹ã§éååãè¡ãªãã ç²åãäœããªãç¶æ
ãç空ãšåŒã¶ã 次ã«ç²åã1ã€ã ãäœãæŒç®å a â {\\displaystyle a^{\\dagger }} ãåãã ãã®ãããªãã®ãåã£ããšãããããç空ã«äœçšãããããšã§ç²åããã 1ã€ååšããç¶æ
ãäœãããšãåºæ¥ãã ãã®ãããªæ段ãããè¿ãããšã§ç²åãååšããä»æ¹ãå
šãŠã€ãããããšãäºæ³ããããã å®éãã®ãããªä»æ¹ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ã§ããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ãå°å
¥ããã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã¯ããããŸã§ã§ã¯æ³¢åé¢æ°ãšèããŠæ¥ããããããã¯ããã®éãå Žã®æŒç®åãšèŠãªãã ã€ãŸãããã®éãç空ãç²åãããã€ãããç¶æ
ã«ãã£ãŠåŒµããããã¯ãã«ã«ãããè¡åã ãšæãã®ã§ããã ãã®ãšããã®éã¯äžã§åŸã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®æ¹çšåŒãæºãããšãããæŽã«ããã®æŒç®åã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæºããããšãèŠæ±ãããããã§ã a i {\\displaystyle a_{i}} 㯠éåæ° i {\\displaystyle i} ã§ä»£è¡šãããç¶æ
ã®éäžæŒç®åã§ããã Ï i {\\displaystyle \\psi _{i}} ã¯ãéåæ° i {\\displaystyle i} ã§ä»£è¡šãããç¶æ
ã®æ³¢åé¢æ°ã§ããã ãã®ããã«ãããç¶æ
ãçã¿åºãæéæŒç®åãšãã®ç¶æ
ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ³¢åé¢æ°ãšã®é㫠察å¿ãã€ããããšã§ãããŸã§ã®çµæãããã»ã©å€åç¡ãçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ããã äžã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããæŒç®åã¯ã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ãå®æ°ãšä»®å®ãããšãã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã ããæéæŒç®åã«ã¯ [ a i , a j â ] = ÎŽ i j {\\displaystyle [a_{i},a_{j}^{\\dagger }]=\\delta _{ij}} ã®äº€æé¢ä¿ããããã®ãšããããã ãã ÎŽ i j {\\displaystyle \\delta _{ij}} 㯠i j {\\displaystyle ij} ã é£ç¶éã§ã¯ãã«ã¿é¢æ°ãšãªãã i j {\\displaystyle ij} ãé¢æ£çãªéã§ã¯ã¯ãããã«ãŒã®ãã«ã¿ ãšãªããã®ãšããã",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "çžå¯Ÿè«çéåååŠ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã§çšããæ¹æ³ããŸãšããããããã®ç³»ã«å¯Ÿããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ãå°å
¥ããã ãã ããå€å
žååŠã®å Žåãšç°ãªããããã§æ±ã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã¯ã空éã®1ç¹ããšã« äžè¬ã«ã¯ç°ãªã£ãå€ãæã€ããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³èªäœã空éã®åç¹ã§ç°ãªã£ãå€ãæã€ã ãã®ãããªã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ãéåžžã®ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ãšåºå¥ããæå³ã§ ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãšåŒã¶ããšããããäžè¬ã« L {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {L}}} ã§æžãããšãå€ãã ãŸããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãçšããããšããéåæ¹çšåŒãå°åºããææ³ãå€åããã å€å
žååŠã§ã¯ â« d t L ( q , q Ì ) {\\displaystyle \\int dtL(q,{\\dot {q}})} ãå€åããããšã§ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå°ãããä»åã¯ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãçšããŠ",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãçšãããããåãæ§ãªèšç®ãçšãããšåŸãããéåæ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãããã®æ¹çšåŒãçšããŠã¯ã©ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã³æ¹çšåŒãåŸããããªã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãšããŠã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããå®éäžã®èšç®ãé©çšãããšã確ãã«",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããã®ã§ããã次ã«äžã®ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã«ããè€éãªé
ãå ããããšãèããã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãèããããã®ãšããåæ§ã®èšç®ãçšãããš",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããããããã®åŒã¯ Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã«é¢ããéç·åœ¢æ¹çšåŒã§ããã ç°¡åã«è§£ãããšã¯ã§ããªãããã®ãããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã«å«ãŸãã â 1 6 λ Ï 3 {\\displaystyle -{\\frac {1}{6}}\\lambda \\phi ^{3}} ã®é
ãæåãšããŠæ±ãããšãéèŠãšãªãã ããããéã«ãã®ããšãçšãããšç²åéã®çžäºäœçšãæ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãããšãåããã äŸãã°ã2ã€ã®ç²å Ï 1 , Ï 2 {\\displaystyle \\phi _{1},\\phi _{2}} ãåããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã®äžã« Ï 1 Ï 2 {\\displaystyle \\phi _{1}\\phi _{2}} ã«æ¯äŸããé
ããŸããããšããã ãã®ãšã2ã€ã®ç²åããªãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšããŠèŠããšãã ããããã®å Žã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããç²åãæ¶æ»
ããããçæããåããæã£ãŠããã äŸãã°ãäžã®é
ã2ã€ã®ç²åã®ã¯ã©ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã³æ¹çšåŒã®è§£ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç¶æ
ã® çŽç©ã«ãã£ãŠæžãããç¶æ
ã«å¯ŸããæåãšããŠçšãããšãã | 1 i â© {\\displaystyle |1_{i}\\rangle } ãç²å1ã i {\\displaystyle i} ã®ç¶æ
ã«ããç¶æ
ãšãã | 2 j â© {\\displaystyle |2_{j}\\rangle } ãç²å2ã j {\\displaystyle j} ã®ç¶æ
ã«ããç¶æ
ãšãããšã âš 2 j | Ï 1 Ï 2 | 1 i â© {\\displaystyle \\langle 2_{j}|\\phi _{1}\\phi _{2}|1_{i}\\rangle } ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯0ã§ãªãããšãåããã ã€ãŸããäžã®ãããªé
ãå«ãã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ãçšããããç³»ã§ã¯ ç²å1ã¯äžå®ã®ç¢ºçã§ç²å2ã«å€åããããšããããã ãã®ããã«ããŠãå Žã®èãæ¹ãçšãããšç²åã®çææ¶æ»
ã®æåãç°¡æœã« èšè¿°ã§ããããšãåããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æåèšç®ãè¡ãªããšãã«é »ç¹ã«çšããããéãå°å
¥ããã æåèšç®ã«çŸãããéã¯ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã®äžã«å«ãŸããé
ã§ããã å®éã« Ï 3 {\\displaystyle \\phi ^{3}} ã«æ¯äŸããé
ã¯3ã€ã® Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } æŒç®åã®ç©ãšã㊠æåé
ã«çŸããããäžè¬ã«ãã¹ã«ã©ãŒå Žã®å Žã®çè«ãçµã¿ç«ãŠããšã ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã®äžã«åžžã«çŸãããéãšããŠã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããããã®é
ãæåãšããŠæ±ããšã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®éãçŸãããããã®éã¯éåžžçºæ£ããããšãç¥ãããŠããã ãã®ããããã®éãå€åãããŠ",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããéã«ã€ããŠèããããã®éã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯ x = x â² {\\displaystyle x=x'} ã§çºæ£ããªãã ãã®éããããã²ãŒã¿ãŒãšåŒã¶ãå®éã« Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã®æéæŒç®åãçšããŠèšç®ããããšã§ ãã®éãåŸãããšãã§ããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æŽã«ãã®éãããŒãªãšå€æããŠéåé衚瀺ã«ããããšãã§ãããããã®ãšããã®é㯠1 p 2 â m 2 {\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{p^{2}-m^{2}}}} ã§äžããããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåãçµ±äžçã«æ±ãããçžäºäœçšè¡šç€ºãšåŒã°ãã衚瀺ãå°å
¥ããã æåãåããããã«ããã¢ã³ã H {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {H}}} ãšãã æåã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã V {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {V}}} ãšããã æŽã«ãå
šããã«ããã¢ã³ã H â² {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {H}}'} ãšããã ãã®ãšããæŒç®å O {\\displaystyle O} ã«å¯Ÿã㊠O ( t ) {\\displaystyle O(t)} ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§å®çŸ©ããäœããã®ç¶æ
| γ â© {\\displaystyle |\\gamma \\rangle } ã«å¯ŸããŠ",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§ç¶æ
ãå±éããããã ãã | m â© {\\displaystyle |m\\rangle } ã¯ããã«ããã¢ã³ H {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {H}}} ã®åºæç¶æ
ãšããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããããã®åŒã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžãããããæŽã«ã m ( t ) â© {\\displaystyle m(t)\\rangle } ãšã¯å¥ã® H {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {H}}} ã®åºæç¶æ
| n ( t ) â© {\\displaystyle |n(t)\\rangle } ãšã®å
ç©ãåããšã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã ããã§ã a {\\displaystyle a} ã«é¢ããè¡šåŒã¯ a {\\displaystyle a} ããã¯ãã«ãšèŠãå Žå",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžãããšãåºæ¥ããã®è§£ã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžãããšãåºæ¥ãã ããããããã§ã¯ V {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {V}}} ã¯éåžž Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ãªã©ã®æŒç®åã§æžãããéã ãã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã«ã€ããŠã¯æåãåããåã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã«é¢ãããã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°è¡šç€ºãçšãããã®ã§ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãå°å
¥ãããããã¯ãæéçºå±ã®æ¹çšåŒã«ã€ããŠå
ã®ããã«ããã¢ã³ã®ç¶æ
ã« ã€ããŠå
ç©ãåããšãã | m ( t ) â© , | n ( t ) â© {\\displaystyle |m(t)\\rangle ,|n(t)\\rangle } ã§ã¯ãªã | m â© , | n â© {\\displaystyle |m\\rangle ,|n\\rangle } ã«ã€ããŠå
ç©ãåãããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã ãã®ãšãæéçºå±ã®æ¹çšåŒã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšæžããããã®è§£ã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§æžããããããã§æåŸã®è¡šåŒ T {\\displaystyle T} ã¯æéé åºç©æŒç®åãšåŒã°ãã V ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {V}}(t)} ã«é¢ããŠãæéãåã®æŒç®åã»ã©å³åŽã«æ¥ãããã«é
眮ããããšã瀺ããŠããã äžè¬ã«ãã®ãããªèšç®ã§ V ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {V}}(t)} ã«å«ãŸãã Ï ( t ) {\\displaystyle \\phi (t)} ãªã©ã®éã¯ã æå»ãçãããšãã«ã¯å¯æã§ã¯ãªãããæå»ãçãããªããšãã«ã¯åžžã«å¯æã§ããã®ã§ã ãã®ãããªäžŠã¹æãã¯åžžã«å¯èœã§ããããã®äžŠã¹æãã¯äŸãã°çµè·¯ç©åã«ããå°åºã æ±ããšãã«éèŠã«ãªãã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžã®è¡šç€ºã¯åã
ã®ç¶æ
ã®æéå€åã«ã€ããŠã¯ ãã€ãŒã³ãã«ã°è¡šç€ºãåã£ãŠããã ããã«åŸã£ãŠæŒç®åãæéçºå±ããŠããäžã§ãæãšããŠæåã®å¹æ㧠ç¶æ
ã®æ¹ãæéå€åãåããããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããã¯ãç²åããäºããšçžäºäœçšã㊠æåãåããããšãšããŸã察å¿ããŠãããäŸãã°ãå
åãšé»åãçžäºäœçšã㊠ãäºãã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒãå€åããæ
åµã¯ããã®ãããªæåã®åŒã§èšè¿°ã§ããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸãšã㊠V ( t ) {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {V}}(t)} ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæåã®æ¬¡æ°ããšã«å±éãããšã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšãªãã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "| i ( t ) â© {\\displaystyle |i(t)\\rangle } ã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããããç¹ã«å
ã®ç¶æ
ããã®å€åã«æ³šç®ãããšæå» t {\\displaystyle t} ã§ã®ç¶æ
ãšããŠ",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸãããããã ãããã§ã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã§äžããããŠãããã®ãšããããã㧠t 0 {\\displaystyle t_{0}} ã¯ç²åãä»ã®ç²åãšçžäºäœçšãã è·é¢ã«è¿ã¥ããæå»ã®ããšãããã t {\\displaystyle t} ã¯ã枬å®ãè¡ãªãæå»ã§ããã å®éçãªçŽ ç²åã®å®éšã§ã¯åžžã« t 0 = â â {\\displaystyle t_{0}=-\\infty } , t = â {\\displaystyle t=\\infty } ãšããŠæ±ãã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æž¬å®ãå§ãããšãã«1ã€ã® Ï 1 {\\displaystyle \\phi _{1}} ç²åã ã£ãç¶æ
ã Ï 2 , Ï 3 {\\displaystyle \\phi _{2},\\phi _{3}} ã®2ã€ã®ç²åã«åŽ©å£ããéçšã èšç®ãããå®éã®èšç®ã§ã¯éåéã®äœçžç©ºéã®å€§ãããèšç®ã«å
¥ããå¿
èŠã ããã®ã ããããã§ã¯è¡åèŠçŽ ã®èšç®ã ãã«ãšã©ããã ãã ããäžããããã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³ã®æåé
㯠λ Ï 1 Ï 2 Ï 3 {\\displaystyle \\lambda \\phi _{1}\\phi _{2}\\phi _{3}} ã§äžãããããã®ãšããã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§æåã®ç¶æ
ã¯éåé k 1 ÎŒ {\\displaystyle k_{1}^{\\mu }} ãæã¡ãæåŸã®ç¶æ
㯠k 2 ÎŒ , k 3 ÎŒ {\\displaystyle k_{2}^{\\mu },k_{3}^{\\mu }} ãæã€ãã®ãšããããã®ãšãæ±ããè¡åèŠçŽ ã¯",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ãç°ãªã£ãç²åã«é¢ããæéæŒç®åãäºãã«äº€æããããšãçšãããš",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ç空æåŸ
å€ãåŸããããã Ï {\\displaystyle \\phi } ã®å±éåŒããããã«çšãããš",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããããäžã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ãããšã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãåŸããããããã§ããã«ã¿é¢æ°ã¯éåéã®ä¿ååãè¡šãããŠãã ãã®ãããªèšç®ã§ã¯åžžã«çŸããããã®ã§ããã®ã§ã次ããã®èšç®ã§ã¯ èœãšãããšãã§ããããã®ããããã®ãšãã®èšç®å€ã¯ãåã« â i λ {\\displaystyle -i\\lambda } ãšæžããããããã§ã¯ k 2 {\\displaystyle k_{2}} , k 3 {\\displaystyle k_{3}} ãå®ããŠããªããã ç²åã®è³ªéäžå¿ç³»ã§ã¯ç²å1ã¯éæ¢ããŠãã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãæãç«ã€ã",
"title": "ç²åéã®çžäºäœçš"
}
] | null | {{Pathnav|ã¡ã€ã³ããŒãž|èªç¶ç§åŠ|ç©çåŠ|frame=1|small=1}}
==ã¯ããã«==
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===== ã¹ã«ã©ãŒå Ž=====
éåååŠã®åºæ¬æ³åã§ã¯[[ããã«ããã¢ã³]]ã®äžã§éåé<math>p</math>ã§ã
<math>\frac{\partial}{\partial \vec x}</math>ã§çœ®ãæããããšã䞻匵ãããã
ãã®ããšã¯çžå¯Ÿè«çãªåŒã§ãæ£ããããšãäºæ³ãããã
ãã®ãšãã質é<math>m</math>ãæã€ç²åã§éåé<math>p</math>ã®ç²åãèãããšã
ãã®ç²åã®æºããåŒã®1ã€ãšããŠã
:<math>
p^2 - m^2 = 0
</math>
ãããããããããã§ãæ空ã¯4次å
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æ³¢åé¢æ°ãæ±ããåŒãšããŠã
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(-\partial^2 - m^2) \phi = 0
</math>
ãåŸãããããã®åŒãã¯ã©ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã³æ¹çšåŒãšåŒã¶ããã®åŒã解ããšã
:<math>
\phi = e^{i p x}, e^{-i p \vec x}
</math>
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å®éãã®ãããªä»æ¹ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ã§ããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ãã®æ¹æ³ãå°å
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:<math>
(-\partial^2 - m^2) \phi = 0
</math>
ã®æ¹çšåŒãæºãããšãããæŽã«ããã®æŒç®åã
:<math>
\langle 0|a_i \phi|0\rangle = \psi_i
</math>
ãæºããããšãèŠæ±ãããããã§ã<math>a_i</math>ã¯
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äžã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããæŒç®åã¯ã<math>\phi</math>ãå®æ°ãšä»®å®ãããšãã
:<math>
\phi = \sum_i \{a_i^\dagger \psi_i + a_i \psi_i^*\}
</math>
ãšãªãããã ããæéæŒç®åã«ã¯<math>[a_i, a_j^\dagger] = \delta_{ij}</math>
ã®äº€æé¢ä¿ããããã®ãšããããã ãã<math>\delta_{ij}</math>ã¯<math>ij</math>ã
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žååŠã§ã¯<math>\int dt L(q,\dot q)</math>ãå€åããããšã§ã
:<math>
\frac{dL}{dq} - \frac{d}{dt}(\frac{dL}{d \dot q}) = 0
</math>
ãå°ãããä»åã¯ã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãçšããŠ
:<math>
\int d^4 x \mathcal L(\phi, \partial^\mu \phi)
</math>
ãçšãããããåãæ§ãªèšç®ãçšãããšåŸãããéåæ¹çšåŒã¯
:<math>
\frac{d \mathcal L}{d\phi} - \frac{d}{dx^\mu}(\frac{d \mathcal L}{d(\partial \phi / \partial x^\mu)}) = 0
</math>
ãšãªãããã®æ¹çšåŒãçšããŠã¯ã©ã€ã³ãŽã«ãã³æ¹çšåŒãåŸããããªã©ã°ã©ã³ãžã¢ã³å¯åºŠãšããŠã
:<math>
\mathcal L = \frac 1 2 \partial^\mu \phi \partial_\mu \phi - \frac 1 2 m^2 \phi^2
</math>
ãåŸããããå®éäžã®èšç®ãé©çšãããšã確ãã«
:<math>
(-\partial^2 - m^2) \phi = 0
</math>
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ãå ããããšãèããã
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:<math>
\mathcal L = \frac 1 2 \partial^\mu \phi \partial_\mu \phi - \frac 1 2 m^2 \phi^2
- \frac 1 6 \lambda \phi^3
</math>
ãèããããã®ãšããåæ§ã®èšç®ãçšãããš
:<math>
(\partial^2 - m^2) \phi - \frac 1 2 \lambda \phi^2 = 0
</math>
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\phi^*(-\partial^2 - m^2)\phi
</math>
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\langle i|\phi(x) \phi(x)|j\rangle
</math>
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\langle 0|\phi(x) \phi(x')|0\rangle
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===== æåå±é=====
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O(t) = e^{i \mathcal H t} O e^{-i \mathcal H t}
</math>
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|\gamma(t)\rangle = \sum a_m(t)|m(t)\rangle
</math>
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i \frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}}|\gamma(t) \rangle = \mathcal H'|\gamma(t)\rangle
</math>
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\sum_m \dot a_m(t)|m(t)\rangle + a_m \mathcal H|m(t)\rangle
= (\mathcal H + \mathcal V)|\gamma(t) \rangle
</math>
:<math>
\sum_m \dot a_m(t)|m(t)\rangle
= \mathcal V \sum_m a_m(t)|m(t)\rangle
</math>
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\dot a_n(t) = \sum_m \mathcal V_{nm}(t) a_m(t)
</math>
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\frac{\partial{{}}}{\partial{t}} a(t) = \mathcal V(t) a(t)
</math>
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a = e^{\int_{t_0}^t dt \mathcal V(t)} a_0
</math>
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\mathcal V(t) = e^{i \mathcal H t} \mathcal V e^{-i \mathcal H t}
</math>
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</math>
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a(t) = e^{\int_{t_0}^t dt \mathcal V(t)} a_0
= T e^{\int_{t_0}^t dt \mathcal V(t)} a_0
</math>
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:<math>
\mathcal V(t) = \int d^3 x \lambda \phi^3(t)
</math>
:<math>
|i(t)\rangle = T e^{-i\int dt \mathcal V(t)}|i\rangle
</math>
ãæåã®æ¬¡æ°ããšã«å±éãããšã
:<math>
|i(t)\rangle= (1 - i \lambda\int d^4 x \phi^3(x)
+ \frac 1 2 (-i) \lambda \int d^4 x \int d^4 x_2 \phi(x)^3 \phi(x_2) ^3
...) |i\rangle
</math>
ãšãªãã
:<math>\lambda</math>ãååå°ãããšã2é
ç®ä»¥éã¯ç¡èŠããŠããã®ã§ã
<math>|i(t)\rangle</math>ã¯
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|i(t)\rangle = (1 -i \lambda\int d^4 x \phi^3(x))|i\rangle
</math>
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(-i \lambda\int d^4 x \phi^3(x)) |i\rangle
</math>
ãåŸãããããã ãããã§ã¯
:<math>
\int d^4 x = \int d^3 x \int_{t_0}^t
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šãŠæäœæ¥ã§2é²æ°ã«çŽããªããŠã¯ãªããªããã 挢åãå ãããšæŽã«ãã®äœæ¥ã¯é£åºŠãå¢ãã ãã®ãããèšç®æ©ã«å¹æçãªä»æ¹ã§æ瀺ãäžããã«ã¯ãäœããã®ä»æ¹ã§ æ¢åã®èšç®æ©ãžã®æ
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ã®CPUã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®äœãææžãèªããããã®å
容ãç¥ã æ¹æ³ã¯ç¡ããããããå®éã«ã¯ããã§ã¯åé¡ãçããŠæ¥ãã ãããœãããŠã§ã¢ãããCPUåãã«æžãããšããããã®ãšãããã®ãœãã㯠ãããã®CPUãç解ã§ããåœä»€ã®éãŸããšãªã£ãŠããã ãã®ãœããããä»ã®CPUã«å¯ŸããŠã䜿ããããšæã£ããšãããã ãã®ãšããCPUããšã«äœç³»ã«ç°ãªã£ãåœä»€ãçšããããŠãããšãããšã ããåœä»€ã®éãŸãã¯å¥ã®CPUã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãªããæå³ã®ãã掻åã èµ·ããããããšãåºæ¥ãªãããã®ããšããåŸãããåœä»€ã«ç§»æ€æ§ããªããšããã ãã®ããšã¯ãããããCPUããšã®åœä»€ã«å®ãŸã£ãæå³ãç¡ããä¿¡å·ããšã®æå³ã® åœãŠã¯ãæ¹ãä»»æã§ãã£ãããšãèãããšãå
šãåœç¶ã®ããšãšèšããã®ã ãã ããã§ãã1ã€ã®CPUã«å¯ŸããŠæžãã2é²æ°ããã°ã©ã ãšãä»ã®CPUã«å¯ŸããŠæžãã 2é²æ°ããã°ã©ã ã«å
šãäºææ§ãç¡ããšãããšãããããã®CPUã«å¯Ÿã㊠å
šãå¥ã®ããã°ã©ã ãæžãããšãããªããã°ãªããããã®ããšã¯éåžžã«å€§å€ãª äœæ¥ã«ãªããšèããããã å®éã«ã¯ãã®åé¡ã¯ãCPUã«å¯ŸããŠã ãã«çãŸããªããæšä»ã§ã¯ããããã® æ©åšãäŸãã°ããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ããµãŠã³ãã«ãŒããªã©ãæãããããã ãããããåå¥ã®åœä»€ã®äœç³»ãæã£ãŠããããããèªèº«ãããçšåºŠããã äœãã¡ãŒã«ãŒã«ä¿¡å·ã®åãæ¹ã決ããæš©éãä»»ãããŠããã ãã®ããããããã«å¯ŸããŠãåå¥ã«ä¿¡å·ã®åãæ¹ãéãæ¹ãèŠå®ããã°ãªããã ããããã®æ©åšãããããã®CPUãä»ã®æ©åšãšçµã¿åãããŠçšããããããšã èãåããããšããã®çµã¿åããã¯éåžžã«å€ãã®æ°ãæã€ãšèããããã",
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šãª 解決ãåŸãããããã§ã¯ãªãããšã«æ³šæããªããã°ãªããªãã 1ã€ãã®æ¹æ³ãšããŠãããŒããŠã§ã¢ãCPUãåãã€ããåœä»€èªäœã çµ±äžããŠããŸãããšããããããããã®ããšã¯éåžžããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¡ãŒã«ãŒå瀟㮠åªåã«ãã£ãŠãªãããã äŸãã°ã家åºçšããœã³ã³ã§ãªã ããå€æ§ãªä»æ¹ã§çšããããCPUã®ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã倧ããªåžå Žã·ã§ã¢ã å ããã¡ãŒã«ãŒãååšããããããã«å¯Ÿãã察å¿ã¯ãŸã¡ãŸã¡ã§ãããšãããã é¢é£ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«ã€ããŠãããããžã®åœä»€ã®äœç³»ã¯ããŸãçµ±äžãããŠãããšã¯ ãããªããç¹ã«ãæ¥æ¿ãªé²æ©ãç¶ããŠããåéãäŸãã°ãããŒããã£ã¹ã¯ã ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ããŒããªã©ã¯ããããã®åœä»€ã«ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã®éèŠãªäŒæ¥ç§å¯ã«å±ãã æ
å ±ãå«ãŸããŠããããšãããããããã®æ
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åãš ããŠãããããã ãã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšãããçšãã人éã®éã«å
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å ±ãèããããšã¯ããèªäœãèå³ããä»äºã§ããã äŸãã°ãæšä»ã©ã®ãããªèšç®æ©ã«ãããŠãçšããããŠããããªãŒç¶ã® ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªæ§é ãèšç®æ©ã«åããä»æ¹ã§ãããæ§æããã®ã¯ãäŸã ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãçšãããšããŠãéåžžã«å€§å€ãªäœæ¥ã§ããããŸããçŸåšã§ã¯ ããªãŒç¶ã®æ§é ãè¶
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ãªå¹æçãªå§çž®ææ³ãèæ¡ãããŠãããä»ã®åéã§ãæ åãåç»ã® å§çž®ææ³ãæ§ã
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ãæè¡è
ã確ä¿ãããã倧éãåãããšãçãããªãã",
"title": "ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³"
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ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠèŠãŠè¡ããããšæãã ãã ããããŸãã«ãåã
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ãªOSäžã§åããããªæ©èœãæã€å¯Ÿå¿ç©ãããçšåºŠã«æœè±¡åã㊠話ãé²ããããšæãã ããã§ã¯ãããããã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããã€ã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ã« 泚ç®ããŠè©±ãé²ããã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãšã¯åã
ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšãããçšãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã æå¿çéãè¡ãªãæ¹æ³ã§ããã äŸãã°ãèªæžãªã©ã«ã€ããŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®èãæ¹ãæœè±¡åããŠé©çšãã ããšãåºæ¥ããèªæžã®å Žåã«ã¯æ¬ã衚瀺ããæ
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"title": "ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³"
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"text": "ããããã¯ãç¹ã«CUIãäžå¿ã«çšããææ³ãé²ããŠè¡ãããšæãã ãªããªããäžã§ãæžããéãGUIãçšããæ¹æ³ã¯ç§»æ€æ§ãç¡ãå Žåãå€ã ããããã®OSã«å¯ŸããŠè§£èª¬ãå ããã®ã倧å€ã§ããããã§ããã ãŸããèšç®æ©ã®æ©èœãå
šãŠäœ¿ããšããç¹ã§ã¯CUIã®æ¹ãGUIãããåªããŠãããšãããã äŸãã°ãéåžžããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®GUIãäœè£œããããã«ã¯ã CUIãçšããå Žåã å€ããããã¯ãGUIã§çšããããã®ã¯ãããŸã§ã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ä»£è¡šããã æœè±¡åãããååã®éåã§ãããããããæ±ãã®ã¯éåžžã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®ä»äºã§ããã ãŸãã³ã³ãã€ã©èªèº«ã¯éåžžCUIã«ããå
¥åãåãåãæ¹ãæ®éã ããã§ããã ãŸããCUIãçšããããã°ã©ã ã¯ç§»æ€æ§ã«é·ããŠããå Žåãå€ãã æ§ã
ãªOSã§å®è¡ã§ããå Žåãå€ãããšãçç±ã®1ã€ãšããŠãããããã",
"title": "ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããããã¯æ¬é¡ã§ããç©ççãªçµæãåŸãããã«å¿çšã§ãã ãœããã説æããŠè¡ããäžè¬ã«ç©çã®ç 究ã¯å®éšç³»ãšçè«ç³»ã«åãããŠããã äž¡è
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èŠãªèšç®æ©æè¡ã®ãã¡å€ãã¯æ°å€èšç®ãš 代æ°åŠçã§ããããŸãã æ°å€èšç®ãè¡ãªããšãã«ã¯èšç®æ©èšèªãšããŠã¯éåžžFortranã çšããããšã«ãªãããããããã®ãšãã«ã¯èšç®æ©ç§åŠã«å±ãã詳ããç¥è㯠å®ã¯ããŸãå¿
èŠã§ãªããã©ã¡ãããšããã°ããã®ãšãã«å¿
èŠã®ç¥èã¯ããå®çšç㪠æ°å€èšç®ã®ç¥èã§ãããã©ã¡ãããšããã°å·¥åŠã«å±ããåéã®ç¥èã§ãããšãããã äžæ¹ãèšç®æ©ã§çšããèšç®ææ³ãããæ±çšæ§ã®ããä»æ¹ã§ã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ããããšãã ãšãã«ã¯ãã©ã®èšç®æ©èšèªãçšãããã®éžæãããã®éžæããèšèªã§æžããã ããã°ã©ã ã®ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãªã©ã®ãããããèªååããããã«ãèšç®æ©ãçšãã ææ³ãéèŠã«ãªãããã®ããã«ãèšç®æ©ã§ä»äºãããããã®èšç®æ©ããã°ã©ã ãšãã æŠå¿µãååšããããšã¯ãèšç®æ©ä»¥å€ã®ä»äºãšæ¯ã¹ãŠèšç®æ©ãçšããä»äºã® èããç¹åŸŽãšåŒã°ãããã®ã§ãããšæãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«å®éšçãªç 究ãè¡ãªããšãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæãé »ç¹ã«è¡ãªãããä»äºã¯ ããŒã¿åŠçã§ãããå®éã«ã¯ããŒã¿ã®åéã«ãèšç®æ©ãçšããããã®ã æ®éã§ãããããã®ãããªææ³ã¯ããŒã¿ãåéããæ©åšããšã«å€ãã£ãŠæ¥ãŠããã æŽã«ããã®ãã¡ã«ããããã¯äŒæ¥ã«è£
眮ã®äœæãäŸé Œããå Žåã«ã¯äŒæ¥ç§å¯ã§ãã ãã以äžã«è©³ããç¥ãããšãèš±ãããªããã®ã§ããããããŸãäžè¬çãªäºã¯ ç¥ãããšãåºæ¥ãªãã®ãçŸç¶ã§ãããäžæ¹ãå®éšã§åŸãããŒã¿ã å å·¥ããæè¡ã¯èšç®æ©æè¡ã®äžçš®ãšããŠãéåžžã«é¢çœããã®ã§ããã ãŸãã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®çè«ãšã®é¢é£ã«ãèå³æ·±ããã®ããããããè¿œã£ãŠ 詳ããè¿°ã¹ãããšæãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ãŸããçè«ç©çãšå®éšç©çã®å
±éã®è©±é¡ãšããŠã æ°å€èšç®ã§åŸãçµæãçŽæ¥å€éšã®ããã°ã©ã ãåŒã³åºããŠããããã äœæããææ³ãåé¡ã«ãªãå Žåãããã ãããããã®ããšã«ã€ããŠã¯å²åæ·±ãèšç®æ©ã®ç¥èãå¿
èŠã§ããããã ããã§ããã詳ããè¿°ã¹ãŠããããšæãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "å®éã«ã¯å€éšããã°ã©ã ãåŒã³åºãæ¹æ³ã¯ããã€ãã«åãããã ããã§ã¯3ã€ã®æ¹æ³ãããããã ãã®ãã¡ã®æåã®2ã€ã¯å€éšããã°ã©ã èªèº«ã®èšèšã«ãã£ãŠãã®ãããªæ¹æ³ã å®éã«é©çšã§ãããã©ãããå€åãããããå®éã«ãã®ãããªèšèšã«ãªã£ãŠããªãå Žå ãã®æ¹æ³ãå®è¡ããããšãéåžžã«å°é£ã«ãªãã ãŸããæåŸã®2ã€ã説æããã«ã¯ãä»ãŸã§ã«çŽ¹ä»ããŠããªãOSã®æ©èœã®1ã€ã å°å
¥ããå¿
èŠãããããã ããæåŸã®1ã€ã¯ããæ±çšçã«çšããããšãåºæ¥ã æ¹æ³ã§ããã ãã ããOSã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãã®ãããªæ©èœããµããŒãããŠããªãããšãããã ãã移æ€æ§ã«æ¬ ãããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããã ãŸã第1ã«ãå€éšããã°ã©ã ã®ã³ãŒããèªåãäœæããã³ãŒãã®äžããçŽæ¥ åŒã³åºãæ¹æ³ããããã€ãŸããèªåãäœæããã³ãŒããå€éšããã°ã©ã ã® äžéšã§ãããã®ããã«ããŠãå€éšããã°ã©ã ãšåæã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãè¡ãªãã®ã§ããã ãã®æ¹æ³ã®æ¬ ç¹ã¯ãå€éšããã°ã©ã èªèº«ã倧ããããã°ã©ã ã®éåã§ãã£ããšãã ãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ããäºèªäœã«ããªãã®æéããããç¹ã§ããããã®ãããª æ¬ ç¹ã¯ããããããæå¿«ãªåœ¢ã§èšèšãããã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ã€ããŠã¯çŸãããããšã¯ç¡ãã äŸãã°ãX11ãšããã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãæ±ãã©ã€ãã©ãªãããããããããæ±ã ã³ãŒãã®å
šäœã¯å§çž®ããŠããªãæ°10Mbã«ããã巚倧ãªãã®ã§ãããã å®éã«å©çšè
ããããã®æ©èœãçšãããšãã«ã¯ããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãæäŸããæ©èœã® ã»ãã®äžéšãçšããããšãæ®éã§ããããã®ããã«ã巚倧ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ãã¡ã® ãã äžéšãåãåºããŠããææ³ã¯èšç®æ©èšèªããšã«æ§ã
ã§ãããèšèªã®èšèšãšãã 1ã€ã®åéãæããŠããããã®åéã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã©èšèšãšæ¥µããŠè¿ãé¢ä¿ã« ãããããã èšèšã ããèããŠã³ã³ãã€ã©ãäœæããªãå Žåãèããããã®ã§ã ãããã®åéã¯äžå¿åããŠèããŠãããæ¹ããããã®ãšæãããã ãã®ãããªã³ãŒãã®äžéšåã ããåå©çšããæ¹æ³ã¯ã巚倧ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å€ãã Cã«ãã£ãŠæžãããŠãããããCã«ããæ¹æ³ã ããä¿®åŸããã°ããããã«æããã ããããJava,Perlãªã©ããããã®èšèªãç¡èŠã§ããªã ç°ãªã£ãææ³ãæ瀺ããŠããããããã§ã¯ãã以äžæ·±ãæ±ãããæœè±¡çã« ãã®ãããªããšããªããããã®ãšä»®å®ããã«ãšã©ããŠããã ãããã«ããŠãå§ãããããããã®æ©èœã ããåãã ããŠçšããããšãèã㊠èšèšãããå Žåãé€ããŠããã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å
šäœãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããªããã°ãªããªã ææ³ã¯ãããŸãçŸå®çãªæ¹æ³ãšã¯ãªãåŸãªããšæãããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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ã«ããŠããããã®ãããªæ
åµã管çããããã ããã»ã¹ç®¡çãšããèãæ¹ãçãŸããã®ã§ãããå®éã«ã¯èšç®æ©ã1éãã® ä»äºãããã ããªãããã®ãããªããã»ã¹ç®¡çã®èãæ¹ã¯å¿
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ããããããšã«ãªãããã®ãããããã»ã¹ç®¡çã®ææ³ã¯èšç®æ©ã®çšéã«ãã£ãŠ 䜿ããããããšãå¿
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ãåãããŠããã ãã®ãããªææ³ããã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãšåŒã¶ããã®ããã«è€æ°ã®ä»äºãåæã« è¡ãªãããšã¯ããèšç®æ©ç§åŠã®äžçã«æ·±å
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ã®é¡æã§ããããã»ã¹ééä¿¡ã«æ»ãã",
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ãªãµãŒããŒã®ä»çµã¿ã®åºç€ãæã ãœã±ããã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããããœã±ããã¯ãããã»ã¹ééä¿¡ã®èŠæ Œã®1ã€ã§ãã çŸåšã§ã¯æ°å€ãã®OSã«ãããŠäœ¿çšå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããã ãœã±ããã®ä»çµã¿ã¯ãOSã®ã¡ã¢ãªäžã«ããé åãäœæããŠããã ãã®å°ç¹ã§2ã€ã®ããã»ã¹ããæ¥ãä¿¡å·ãåŸ
ã¡åããããšã«ããã ããã§ã2ã€ã®ä¿¡å·ãããŸãã§ãã£ããªããã®2ã€ã®ä¿¡å·ãçºãã ããã»ã¹éã«ããŒã¿ãéåä¿¡ãããã³ãã«ãéããŠãåã
ã®é㧠ããŒã¿ãéåä¿¡å¯èœã«ããã®ã§ããã ãã®ãããªä»çµã¿ãçšããŠãããããã®ãœããã«å©çšè
ãäœæããããã°ã©ã ã«ãã ããŒã¿ãéä¿¡ããããšãåºæ¥ããã«æãããããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®ãã㪠æ©èœãä»ãå ããããšã¯å²åæéããããããããã®ãããªæ©èœãããªãã å€éšããã°ã©ã ã¯ããŸãç¥ãããŠããªããäŸå€çã«OpenOffice.org ãšåŒã°ãã ãªãã£ã¹ãœããã¯ãå©çšè
ãäœæããããã°ã©ã ãšãœã±ãããçšããŠæŽæ°ããããšã§ã äœæäžã®ææžã®ç·šéãè¡ãªãããšãåºæ¥ãä»çµã¿ãçšããŠããããããã ãã®ãããªæ©èœãå®éã«äœ¿ãããã®ãã©ããã¯ä»ã®æç¹ã§ã¯ããåãããªãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®äžã§çæããŠãããçšã㊠ãããããäœæããæ¹æ³ã玹ä»ãããããã»ã¹ãäœæããæ¹æ³ã¯ã OSã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªã£ãŠãããããã®ææ³ã«ç§»æ€æ§ããããã©ããã¯çåã ãã ãã®ææ³ã䜿ããOSãçšããŠããå Žåã¯ãã£ãšãæ軜ãªæ¹æ³ã§ããã ããã§ãããã»ã¹ãçæããæ¹æ³ãèŠãããã«ãããã»ã¹ç®¡çã®ææ³ã å°ãæ·±ãèŠãŠè¡ãããšã«ããã éåžžãOSã¯è€æ°ã®ããã»ã¹ã管çããããã«ããã»ã¹ããŒãã« ãšåŒã°ããè¡šãæã£ãŠãããããã»ã¹çæãè¡ãªãããã«ã¯ã ãã®ããã»ã¹ããŒãã«ã«1ã€ã®ããã»ã¹ãå ããæ¹æ³ãOSåŽãæäŸããŠãã å¿
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"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "çè«çãªç 究ææ³ã«åœ¹ç«ã€èšç®æ©æè¡ã®1ã€ãšããŠãèšç®æ©ä»£æ°ã æããããšæããèšç®æ©ä»£æ°ã¯å®çšçã«ãããã«ãã£ãŠåŸãããçµæãé¢çœã ãã®ã§ããããšãå€ããããã®æ§æèªèº«ãéåžžã«èå³æ·±ããã®ã§ããããšã å€ããããã§ã¯å°ã詳ããæ±ãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "èšç®æ©ã«ãã£ãŠæ°åŒãæ±ãããšã¯ãèšç®æ©ã«ãã£ãŠéåžžã®æ°ãæ±ãå Žåãšã¯ ããç°ãªã£ãæ§è³ªã垯ã³ãããªããªããéåžžå æ³ãæžæ³ã®ãã㪠æ°ã«å¯ŸããååæŒç®ã¯ãCPUèªäœããã®ãããªåœä»€ãæã£ãŠããããšãæ®éã§ããã ãã®ãããªææ³ãå©çšè
ã¯ãããªãæå³ã§ãæžãäžãããšã¯ç¡ãã ããã¯èšç®ææ³ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢çãªå®è£
ãšåŒã°ããããããæå³ã§æãé«éã« çµæãåŸãææ³ã§ãããšããããäŸãã°ãéåžžèšç®æ©ãæ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãªã æååŒãæ±ãããšãåºæ¥ãèšç®æ©ãäœããšããããã®ãšãã«ã¯ãäŸãã°ã xãšããæåã ããå ãããã®ãªãåè·¯ã®æ°ã2åã«å¢ãããŠãããã«ãã£ãŠ èšç®ãè¡ãªãããã«ããã°ãããçæ¹ã®åè·¯ã§æ±ãæ°ãxã«ã€ããŠ0次ã®é
ã® ä¿æ°ãšããŠæ±ããããçæ¹ã®åè·¯ã§æ±ãæ°ãxã®ä¿æ°ãšããŠæ±ãã°ããã®ã§ããã ãã®ãããªææ³ã¯é«éã§ããããããããã®ããã®èšç®æ©ãäœè£œããã»ã© æ±çšæ§ãããæ©èœã§ãããã¯çåã§ããããªããªããxã®ä¿æ°ãšxã«ã€ã㊠0次ã®é
ã®ä¿æ°ãåããŠèšç®ããããšã¯ããããœãããŠã§ã¢ã§è¡ãªãããšã ãã£ããŠé£ããããšã§ã¯ãªãããã§ãããéåžžèšç®æ©ä»£æ°ãšåŒã°ãã ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã®ããã«ç¹æ®ãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ãçšããææ³ã§ã¯ãªããæ¢åã® ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§ãœãããŠã§ã¢çã«èšç®æ©ãæ±ããæ°åŠçãªéãå¢ããææ³ã®ããšã ããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "å®éã«ãã®ãããªæ°åŠçé¢ä¿ãèšç®æ©çã«æžãäžãæ¹æ³ã¯ã 倧ããåããŠ2ã€ã«åããããæŽå²çã«ã¯æ°åŒåŠçã¯ãLispãšåŒã°ããèšç®æ©èšèª ãšæ·±ãé¢ä¿ã«ãã£ããLispã«ã€ããŠã®è§£èª¬ã¯åºæ¥ãéãé¿ããæ¹é㧠話ãé²ãããã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ä»£ããã«CèšèªãçšããŠè©±ãé²ããã 1ã€ãã®æžãæ¹ã¯Cã§ãããšããã®vectorã®æ§é ãçšããŠãæ°åŒã®é¢ä¿ã æžãäžãææ³ã§ããã äŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "ãšããåŒãæ±ããããšãããäŒçµ±çã«ã¯ãã®åŒã¯ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "ãªã©ãšããŠæžãäžããããããã¯ããçŽèŠ³çãªæžãæ¹ã§ã¯ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"text": "ã®ããã«ãæååãé ã«äžŠã¹ãããŠããæ
åµã§ãããšèããããã éåžžæ°åŠçãªåŒã¯ãããã€ãã®æ°ã®éã®é¢ä¿ãè¡šããè¡šåŒã§ããã®ã§ã ãããã¯ãã«ãäœæãããã®æåã®èŠçŽ ãé¢ä¿ãè¡šããæååãšãã 以éã®ãã¯ãã«ã®äžå³ãå
é ã®æååãè¡šããé¢ä¿ã«ãã£ãŠ é¢ä¿ã¥ããããéãšããããšã§ãæ°åŠçãªé¢ä¿ãè¡šããããã®ã§ããã ããè€éãªåŒãšããŠäŸãã°ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªåŒã¯ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ã®ãããªæ§é ãçšããŠèšç®ããã°ããããã ããCã®ææ³ã§ã¯ ãã¯ãã«ã®äžã«ãã¯ãã«ã代å
¥ãããããªä»æ¹ã¯ãéåžžã®ä»æ¹ã§ã¯ åºæ¥ãªãã®ã§ãããã¯ãããŸã§ä»®æ³çãªããŒã¿ãšèããªããŠã¯ãããªãã å®éã®æ°åŒåŠçã§ã¯ããã®ãããªããŒã¿ãäœæããããã«Lispãšãã èšç®æ©èšèªãçšããŠããå Žåãå€ããLispã¯ããã®ãããªããŒã¿ã çµ±äžçã«ç®¡çããããã®ãªã¹ããšåŒã°ããããŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠããã ãªã¹ãèªäœã¯CãçšããŠãæžãããšãåºæ¥ãããããçšã㊠æ§ã
ãªããŒã¿åãçµ±äžçã«æ±ãææ³ãåŸãããšã¯ããé£ããäœæ¥ãšãªãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "2ã€ãã®ææ³ã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ææ³ãçšããææ³ãããã ãããããã®ææ³ãçšããæ°åŒåŠçã§ã¯æåãªãã®ãããŸãç¥ãããŠããªãããã ããããããã¡ãã®ææ³ã¯ç¡èŠããããšã«ããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ã ã¯éåžžäœããã®ããŒã¿ãä»ã®åœ¢ã«å å·¥ããããã«äœè£œãããããã ããŒã¿ã®åŠçã¯åžžã«å¿
èŠãšãªãããã¡ãããã®åéã¯ã¢ã«ãããã¯ãªç 究åéãšããŠã éèŠãšæãããã®ã ããããå®çšçãªèšç®æ©æè¡ã«ãããŠã ãã°ãã°åé¡ãšãªã£ãŠãããããããã«å¯ŸããŠè§£æ±ºæ³ãèå¯ãããŠããã ããã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æ±ãæ¹ãå°ãäžè¬çã«æ±ãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ããããŒã¿ã¯ã (1)人éã®èªãã圢åŒã«ãªã£ãŠããã (2)ããŒã¿ãšããŠæ±ããããã®ã¯æåã§ãæ°å€ã§ãããã ãæºãããã®ãšãããäŸãã°ãèšç®æ©ãçšããŠèšç®ããæ°å€èšç®ã®çµæã ãããäžè¬çã«ã¯åŠè¡è«æãªã©ã«çšãããã.texãã¡ã€ã«ãæŽã«XML圢åŒã§ ä¿åããããªãã£ã¹ãœããã®ææžãªã©ããã®äžã«å«ãŸããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
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"tag": "p",
"text": "äžè¬ã«ããŒã¿ã¯ãäœããã®èŠåã«åŸã£ãŠäžŠã¹ãããæååã®éåã§ãããæ°å€ç㪠ããŒã¿ã¯ããã1ã€ã®ãã®ã§ãã£ããæ°å€ãšæ¹è¡ãããè¿ãããšã§æžãããŠããããšã å€ãããŸããããŒã¿ãäœããã®æå³ã§å¯Ÿå¿ã¥ããããŠããå Žåã«ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ã®ããããŒã¿ã¯ ã¹ããŒã¹ãã³ã³ãçã§åºåããããã®ããšã«æ¹è¡ãä»ããããŠããããšãå€ãã äŸãã°ãå®éšãå§ãŸã£ãŠããã®æå»ãšãã®æå»ã§ã®æž¬å®å€ã䞊ã¹ãŠæžããŠããå Žåã ããã«åœãŠã¯ãŸãããããã¯ããããããŒã¿ã䞊ã¹ãèŠåã®1ã€ãšããŠæ±ãããšã ã§ãããæŽã«ãããè€éãªäŸã§ã¯.texãã¡ã€ã«ã§ã¯ (1)åœä»€ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯æåã« â {\\displaystyle \\backslash } ãä»ããã (2)åŒæ°ãåãåœä»€ã¯åœä»€ã®çŽåŸã« { } {\\displaystyle \\{\\}} ãä»ããããšã«ãã£ãŠèšè¿°ããã ãªã©ã®ããã€ãã®ã«ãŒã«ãçšããŠçµçã®æ
å ±ãèšç®æ©ã«äŒéããŠããã®ã§ããã .texãã¡ã€ã«ã®å Žåã«ã¯èšç®æ©ã¯æžãããæ
å ±ãäžããããåœä»€ãçšããŠç解ãã ãããçšããŠæŽã«å¥çš®ã®åœä»€ãäœãã ãããšãæãããŠããã ããã¯ãäŸãã°æž¬å®ããŒã¿çã«ã€ããŠããæŽã«ããŒã¿ã«å¯ŸããŠååæŒç®çã® å å·¥ãè¡ãªããããåºåãšããããšãã«ã¯ãåžžã«å¿
èŠãšãªãæå·¥ã§ããã äžè¬çã«ã¯äŸãã°Cèšèªã®ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãCã®ããã°ã©ã ãæ±ããšãã§ã ãã®ããšã¯åœãŠã¯ãŸã£ãŠããã (1)çšããå€æ°ã宣èšããã (2)æã®æåŸã«ã¯;ãã€ããã ãªã©ã®ããã€ãã®èŠåã®å
ã«ã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯æ©æ¢°èªã®åœä»€çŸ€ãåºåããŠããã®ã§ããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
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"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã¯ãããç°¡åãªå ŽåãšããŠéåžžã®æž¬å®ããŒã¿ã®åŠçãªã©ãæ±ãã ãã®ããã«æ£èŠè¡šçŸã®å°å
¥ãè¡ãªãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "w:æ£èŠè¡šçŸãšã¯æ¬¡ã®èŠåã§çæãããæååã®ããšã§ããã (1)çšãããæåãå
šãŠå°å
¥ãããããã a 1 {\\displaystyle a_{1}} , a n {\\displaystyle a_{n}} ãšããã(nã¯æŽæ°ã) (2)ãããã®ä»»æã®äžŠã³ãæååãšåŒã¶ã (3)æŽã«ãããæååãä»»æã®åæ°ã ãããè¿ãããŠã§ããæååã çšããŠããæååãšããã (4)ã©ã®æåãšãäžèŽãããããªæåãååšããã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "éåžžæ£èŠè¡šçŸãçšããããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ããçšåºŠèšå·ããšã®æå³ã決ãŸã£ãŠããã 代衚çãªãã®ãšããŠã (1)a,b, ...ãªã©ã®éåžžã®æå (2)1,2, ...ãªã©ã®éåžžã®æå (3)ã¹ããŒã¹ãªã©ã®ç¹æ®ãªæåã®ãã¡ã§æ£èŠè¡šçŸã«ããæå³ãäžããããŠããªããã® (3) *:çŽåã®æåãä»»æã®åæ°ã ãããè¿ãããããšãè¡šããã (4) []:ãã£ãå
ã«çŸãããæåã®ãããããçŸãããã (5) (): ãã£ãå
ã«å«ãŸããæåã1ã€ã®æåãšããŠæ±ãã äŸãã°ãã¹ããŒã¹ãçšããŠåºåãããä»»æã®åæ°ã®æ°å€ 1 2 5 3 6 ã¯ã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«äžèŽãããããã§ãæ£èŠè¡šçŸã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã«äžèŽããæ°å€ãåŸãã䜿ããããã« ããããŒã«ãç¥ãããŠããããã®æ§ãªãã®ãçšããã°ã ããŒã¿ãå å·¥ããããšãå¯èœãšãªãã®ã§ããã ãã®ãããªããŒã«ã¯Perl,Pythonãªã©ãç¥ãããŠãããã ãããã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ææ³ã§ãã詳ããè¿°ã¹ãã",
"title": "ç©çåŠç 究ã«éããŠå¿çšäžéèŠãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³çŸ€"
}
] | ç©çåŠ > ç©çåŠã®ããã®èšç®æ©ãšãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ | <small> [[ç©çåŠ]] > ç©çåŠã®ããã®èšç®æ©ãšãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹</small>
----
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žæåŠ|ããããããããã]] | 2005-11-04T15:10:00Z | 2023-07-15T05:36:25Z | [] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E8%A6%B3%E6%94%BF%E8%A6%81 |
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] | åçæ°åŠæŒç¿ ïŒç®æ°æŒç¿ãå°åŠæ ¡ïŒå¹Žç | <small>[[åçæ°åŠæŒç¿ ]]ïŒç®æ°æŒç¿ãå°åŠæ ¡ïŒå¹Žç </small>
----
=== ãããšãããã ===
ãâ¡ãã®ããã¯ãããã€ãããããã§ãããããŸãããã<br>
(1)ãâ¡â¡â¡â¡â¡
(2)ãâ¡â¡
(3)ãâ¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡
(4)ãâ¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡
(5)ãâ¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡ <br>
ã ãâ¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡â¡
===ããã===
ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã<br>
(1)
:<math>5</math>
(2)
:<math>2</math>
(3)
:<math>8</math>
(4)
:<math>10</math>
(5)
:<math>17</math>
===ããããïŒ1ïŒ===
ã€ãã®ãããããããŠã¿ãŸãããã
(1)
:<math> 9 + 1</math>
(2)
:<math> 4 + 2</math>
(3)
:<math> 7 + 1</math>
(4)
:<math> 5 + 3</math>
(5)
:<math> 5 + 4</math>
(6)
:<math> 7 + 2</math>
(7)
:<math> 6 + 3</math>
(8)
:<math> 4 + 3</math>
(9)
:<math> 1 + 3</math>
(10)
:<math> 9 + 1</math>
(11)
:<math> 2 + 1</math>
(12)
:<math> 2 + 2</math>
(13)
:<math> 5 + 5</math>
(14)
:<math> 8 + 2</math>
(15)
:<math> 7 + 3</math>
(16)
:<math> 8 + 1</math>
(17)
:<math> 7 + 3</math>
(18)
:<math> 5 + 0</math>
(19)
:<math> 0 + 6</math>
(20)
:<math> 0 + 0</math>
===ããã===
ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã
(1)
:<math>10</math>
(2)
:<math>6</math>
(3)
:<math>8</math>
(4)
:<math>8</math>
(5)
:<math>9</math>
(6)
:<math>9</math>
(7)
:<math>9</math>
(8)
:<math>7</math>
(9)
:<math>4</math>
(10)
:<math>10</math>
(11)
:<math>3</math>
(12)
:<math>4</math>
(13)
:<math>10</math>
(14)
:<math>10</math>
(15)
:<math>10</math>
(16)
:<math>9</math>
(17)
:<math>10</math>
(18)
:<math>5</math>
(19)
:<math>6</math>
(20)
:<math>0</math>
===ã²ãããïŒ1ïŒ ===
ã€ãã®ãããããããŸãããã
(1)
:<math>3 - 1</math>
(2)
:<math>3 - 2</math>
(3)
:<math>7 - 1</math>
(4)
:<math>1 - 1</math>
(5)
:<math>4 - 2</math>
(6)
:<math>6 - 2</math>
(7)
:<math>10 - 3</math>
(8)
:<math>7 - 6</math>
(9)
:<math>4 - 3</math>
(10)
:<math>8 - 8</math>
(11)
:<math>9 - 6</math>
(12)
:<math>5 - 0</math>
(13)
:<math>4 - 2</math>
(14)
:<math>10 - 1</math>
(15)
:<math>5 - 4</math>
(16)
:<math>8 - 6</math>
(17)
:<math>9 - 4</math>
(18)
:<math>8 - 1</math>
(19)
:<math>4 - 3</math>
(20)
:<math>9 - 4</math>
(21)
:<math>2 - 1</math>
(22)
:<math>8 - 4</math>
(23)
:<math>1 - 1</math>
(24)
:<math>7 - 2</math>
(25)
:<math>7 - 6</math>
(26)
:<math>6 - 3</math>
(27)
:<math>10 - 6</math>
(28)
:<math>9 - 7</math>
(29)
:<math>7 - 0</math>
(30)
:<math>6 - 5</math>
===ããã===
ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã
(1)
:<math>2</math>
(2)
:<math>1</math>
(3)
:<math>6</math>
(4)
:<math>0</math>
(5)
:<math>2</math>
(6)
:<math>4</math>
(7)
:<math>7</math>
(8)
:<math>1</math>
(9)
:<math>1</math>
(10)
:<math>0</math>
(11)
:<math>3</math>
(12)
:<math>5</math>
(13)
:<math>2</math>
(14)
:<math>9</math>
(15)
:<math>1</math>
(16)
:<math>2</math>
(17)
:<math>5</math>
(18)
:<math>7</math>
(19)
:<math>1</math>
(20)
:<math>5</math>
(21)
:<math>1</math>
(22)
:<math>4</math>
(23)
:<math>0</math>
(24)
:<math>5</math>
(25)
:<math>1</math>
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ã€ãã®ãããããããŸãããã
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(6)
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(7)
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(11)
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(17)
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(18)
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(9)
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(10)
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(11)
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(12)
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(13)
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(14)
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(15)
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(16)
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(18)
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(19)
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(20)
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(4)
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(7)
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(8)
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(9)
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(10)
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(11)
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(12)
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(13)
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(14)
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(15)
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(16)
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(17)
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(18)
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(19)
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(20)
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===ããããïŒ3ïŒ===
ã€ãã®ãããããããŸãããã
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(4)
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(5)
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(6)
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(7)
:<math> 10 + 8</math>
(8)
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(9)
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===ããã===
ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã
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(6)
:<math>15</math>
(7)
:<math>18</math>
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:<math>15</math>
(9)
:<math>12</math>
===ã²ãããïŒ3ïŒ ===
ã€ãã®ãããããããŸãããã
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(5)
:<math>19 - 9</math>
(6)
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(7)
:<math>12 - 2</math>
(8)
:<math>18 - 8</math>
(9)
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===ããã===
ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã
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(4)
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(5)
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(6)
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===3ã€ã®ããã®ãããã===
ã€ãã®ãããããããŸãããã
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(8)
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(9)
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(10)
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(11)
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(12)
:<math> 10 - 8 + 7</math>
(13)
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(14)
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(15)
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(16)
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(17)
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(18)
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(19)
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ãããã¯ã€ãã®ãšããã§ãããããããããããŸãããã
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(11)
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(16)
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(17)
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(18)
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(19)
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(20)
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[[Category:æ°è«|*ãããšããããããã]] | null | 2016-12-29T04:43:14Z | [
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[[Category:åçæŽæ°è«|ã¯ããã«]] | null | 2022-07-06T22:45:50Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Nav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Stub"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E8%AB%96/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%82%81%E3%81%AB |
2,888 | åçæŽæ°è«/æŽé€æ§ | å®çŸ©
q {\displaystyle q} ãååšãããšãããããããa 㯠b ã®åæ°ãããb 㯠a ã®çŽæ°ãããa 㯠b ã§å²ãåããããšãããèšå·ã§ã b | a {\displaystyle b\,|\,a} ã
蚌æ b | a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , ⯠, a n {\displaystyle b\,|\,a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\cdots ,a_{n}} ããã b q 0 = a 0 , b q 1 = a 1 , ⯠{\displaystyle bq_{0}=a_{0},bq_{1}=a_{1},\cdots } ãšããããããšã
a 0 x + a 1 x + a 2 x + ⯠+ a n x = b q 0 x + b q 1 x + b q 2 x + ⯠+ b q n x = b x ( q 0 + q 1 + q 2 + ⯠+ q n ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a_{0}x+a_{1}x+a_{2}x+\cdots +a_{n}x&=bq_{0}x+bq_{1}x+bq_{2}x+\cdots +bq_{n}x\\&=bx(q_{0}+q_{1}+q_{2}+\cdots +q_{n})\end{aligned}}}
ãããb ã®åæ°ã§ããããšããã b | a 0 x + a 1 x + a 2 x + ⯠+ a n x . {\displaystyle b\,|\,a_{0}x+a_{1}x+a_{2}x+\cdots +a_{n}x.}
ãããæŽæ°è«ã®æ ¹å¹¹ã®éšåãæãåºæ¬çãã€å€§äºãªå®çã§ããã
å®ç 1.2 (é€æ³ã®åç)
蚌æ ãŸãã¯ååšããããšã蚌æããããã®ããã«ããŸãã¯èªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠã蚌æãããããå©çšããŠè² ã®æ°ãš 0 ã®å Žåã蚌æããã°æŽæ°å
šãŠã網çŸ
ã§ããã
a {\displaystyle a} ã«ã€ããŠã®æ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ã§èšŒæããã
(i) a = 1 {\displaystyle a=1} ã®ãšã
b = 1 {\displaystyle b=1} ãªãã°ã a = b 1 + 0 {\displaystyle a=b1+0} ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã b > 1 {\displaystyle b>1} ãªãã°ã a = b 0 + 1 {\displaystyle a=b0+1} ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã
(ii) a = n {\displaystyle a=n} ã®ãšãæãç«ã€ãšä»®å®ãã
ããªãã¡ã n = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) {\displaystyle n=bq+r(0\leqq r<b)} ãªã q , r {\displaystyle q,r} ãååšããã
0 ⊠r < b â 1 {\displaystyle 0\leqq r<b-1} ãªãã°ã n + 1 = b q + ( r + 1 ) ( 0 ⊠r < b ) {\displaystyle n+1=bq+(r+1)\ \ \ \ \ (0\leqq r<b)} ãã n+1 ã§ãæ£ããã r = b â 1 {\displaystyle r=b-1} ãªãã°ã n + 1 = b q + r + 1 = b ( q + 1 ) + 0 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}n+1&=bq+r+1&=b(q+1)+0\end{aligned}}} ãšãªã£ãŠãçµå± n+1 ã®å Žåãæ£ããã
(i) (ii) ã«ãã£ãŠæ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ãããèªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠæãç«ã€ããšãåãã£ãã
次ã«ãè² æ°ã®å Žåã§ããã
a < 0 â â a > 0 {\displaystyle a<0\Rightarrow -a>0} ã§ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©èšŒæããããšãã â a = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) ⯠( 1 ) {\displaystyle -a=bq+r\ \ \ \ \ (0\leqq r<b)\cdots (1)} ãªã q , r {\displaystyle q,r} ãååšããã
( 1 ) ⺠a = b ( â q ) + ( â r ) ( â b < â r ⊠0 ) ⺠a = b ( â q ) â b + ( â r + b ) ( 0 < â r + b ⊠b ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}(1)&\iff a=b(-q)+(-r)\ \ \ \ \ (-b<-r\leqq 0)\\&\iff a=b(-q)-b+(-r+b)\ \ \ \ \ (0<-r+b\leqq b)\end{aligned}}}
ãã£ãŠã 0 < â r + b < b {\displaystyle 0<-r+b<b} ãªãã°å®çã¯æ£ãããããã§ã¯ãªãã â r + b = b {\displaystyle -r+b=b} ã®ãšããã â r + b = b ⺠r = 0 {\displaystyle -r+b=b\iff r=0} ã§ããããšããå®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã
æåŸã« 0 ã®å Žåã§ããããããã¯èªæã
以äžããå
šãŠã®æŽæ°ã«ãããŠé€æ³ã®åçãæºãã q, r ãååšããããšã蚌æãããã
次ã«ããã®å¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããä»®ã«ãšããæŽæ° a , b > 0 {\displaystyle a,b>0} ã§ãããæãç«ããã
a = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) a = b q â² + r â² ( 0 ⊠r â² < b ) q â q â² âš r â r â² {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a&=bq+r\ \ \ \ \ (0\leqq r<b)\\a&=bq'+r'\ \ \ \ \ (0\leqq r'<b)\\q&\neq q'\vee r\neq r'\end{aligned}}}
ã ã£ããšããããããšã
( b q + r ) â ( b q â² + r â² ) = a â a ⺠b ( q â q â² ) + ( r â r â² ) = 0 ⺠b ( q â q â² ) = r â² â r {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}(bq+r)-(bq'+r')=a-a&\iff b(q-q')+(r-r')=0\\&\iff b(q-q')=r'-r\end{aligned}}}
⎠b | r â² â r ⯠( 2 ) {\displaystyle \therefore b\,|\,r'-r\cdots (2)}
0 ⊠r Ⲡ⧠r < b â r < r â² + b ⺠r â r â² < b ⺠r â² â r > â b ⯠( 3 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0\leqq r'\wedge r<b&\Rightarrow r<r'+b\\&\iff r-r'<b\\&\iff r'-r>-b\cdots (3)\\\end{aligned}}}
0 ⊠r ⧠r â² < b â r â² < r + b ⺠r â² â r < b ⯠( 4 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0\leqq r\wedge r'<b&\Rightarrow r'<r+b\\&\iff r'-r<b\cdots (4)\end{aligned}}}
(2), (3), (4) ãã r â² â r = 0 ⺠r = r Ⲡ⯠( 5 ) {\displaystyle r'-r=0\iff r=r'\cdots (5)}
ãããã£ãŠãåã³ ( b q + r ) â ( b q â² + r â² ) = a â a ⺠b ( q â q â² ) = 0 ⺠b = 0 âš q â q â² = 0 {\displaystyle (bq+r)-(bq'+r')=a-a\iff b(q-q')=0\iff b=0\vee q-q'=0}
ããã§ã b > 0 {\displaystyle b>0} ããã q â q â² = 0 ⺠q = q Ⲡ⯠( 6 ) {\displaystyle q-q'=0\iff q=q'\cdots (6)}
(5), (6) ã¯ä»®å®ã«ççŸããããã£ãŠãå¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããã以äžã«ããé€æ³ã®åçã蚌æãããã
å®çŸ©
äŸ
19 = 7 â
2 + 5 {\displaystyle 19=7\cdot 2+5} 97 = 24 â
4 + 1 {\displaystyle 97=24\cdot 4+1} 186 = 38 â
4 + 32 {\displaystyle 186=38\cdot 4+32}
ãªããäœãã®ç¯å²ã 0 ⊠r < b {\displaystyle 0\leqq r<b} ãšããã â b 2 ⊠r ⊠b 2 ( ⺠r ⊠| b 2 | ) {\displaystyle -{\frac {b}{2}}\leqq r\leqq {\frac {b}{2}}(\iff r\leqq |{\frac {b}{2}}|)} ãšããããšãã§ããããããã絶察æå°å°äœãšãããäŸãã°ã
68 = 7 â
10 â 2 {\displaystyle 68=7\cdot 10-2}
ãããã
å®çŸ©
äŸ 84, 32 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 4, èšå·ã§ gcd ( 84 , 32 ) = 4. {\displaystyle \gcd(84,32)=4.} ãŸã㯠( 84 , 32 ) = 4. {\displaystyle (84,32)=4.} 189, 42 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 21, èšå·ã§ ( 189 , 42 ) = 21. {\displaystyle (189,42)=21.} 230, 132, 91 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 23, èšå·ã§ ( 230 , 132 , 91 ) = 23. {\displaystyle (230,132,91)=23.}
12 ãš 20 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 60, èšå·ã§ lcm [ 12 , 20 ] = 60. {\displaystyle {\textrm {lcm}}[12,20]=60.} 9, 21, 15 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 315, èšå·ã§ lcm [ 9 , 21 , 15 ] = 315. {\displaystyle {\textrm {lcm}}[9,21,15]=315.}
6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã92, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã3, 4, 5 ã¯å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ããã4, 6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã ( 4 , 6 ) = 2 {\displaystyle (4,6)=2} ãªã®ã§å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã6, 10, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã ( 6 , 10 ) = 2 , ( 10 , 15 ) = 5 , ( 6 , 15 ) = 3 {\displaystyle (6,10)=2,(10,15)=5,(6,15)=3} ãšã©ã®2ã€ããšã£ãŠãäºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã
次ã«è¿°ã¹ããã®ã¯çŽèŠ³çã«èããŠåã£ãŠãããã®ã§ã蚌æãªãã«åãå
¥ãããããã®ã§ããããããåçããæå³ã§ãããã«èšŒæãèŒããã
蚌æ 2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªããå
šãŠããããããããã®ã a b ⯠k {\displaystyle ab\cdots k} ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬åæ°ã§ããããã§ããããããè² ãªãã°æ£ã«çŽãããšã§èªç¶æ°ã®å
¬åæ°ãã¿ã€ããããã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã
ããŠãããã§æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããm ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬åæ°ãšãããå®ç 1.2 ã«åºã¥ããŠã
m = l q + r , 0 ⊠r < l {\displaystyle m=lq+r,\ \ \ 0\leqq r<l}
ãšããã°ã r = m â l q {\displaystyle r=m-lq}
m ã l ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ã§ãããããå®ç 1.1 ã«ãã£ãŠ r ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ãããªãã¡ãå
¬åæ°ã§ãããããã§ãl ã¯æ£ã®ãã®ã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã ã£ãããã r = 0 {\displaystyle r=0} ãšãªããããªãããã£ãŠå®çã®æ£ããããšã蚌æãããã
蚌æ 2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬çŽæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªãã1 ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬çŽæ°ã§ããããã§ããããŸãããããã®æ°ã®ãã¡ãæã倧ããæ°ã l ãšãããšãl + 1 以äžã®æ°ã¯å
¬çŽæ°ã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãŠå
¬çŽæ°ã«ã¯æ倧ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã
ããŠãããã§æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã m ãšãããd ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬çŽæ°ãšããããŸããm, d ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããä»®å®ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ãããd ã®åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠãå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠l ã®åæ°ã§ãããåæ§ã«ãb, c, ... , k ã l ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠãl 㯠a, b, c, ... , k ã®å
¬çŽæ°ããããã£ãŠ m ã¯ãæ倧ããªã®ã§ l ⊠m . {\displaystyle l\leqq m.} ãŸããl 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ããããã l ⧠m . {\displaystyle l\geqq m.} 以äžããã l = m {\displaystyle l=m} ãšãªããd 㯠m ã®çŽæ°ã§ãããšåãã£ãã
蚌æ ä»®å®ããã l = a â² b = a b â² {\displaystyle l=a'b=ab'} ãšããããab 㯠a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b = d l ⯠( 1 ) {\displaystyle ab=dl\cdots (1)} ãšãããã å
ã»ã©ã®åŒãããã«ä»£å
¥ããŠã a b = d a â² b , a b = d a b Ⲡ⺠a = d a â² , b = d b Ⲡ⯠{\displaystyle ab=da'b,ab=dab'\iff a=da',b=db'\cdots } ã€ãŸããd 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ãå®ç 1.4 ã«åºã¥ããŠã g = d e ⯠( 2 ) {\displaystyle g=de\cdots (2)} ãšãããä»®å®ã«ããã g | a , b ⺠d e | d a â² , d b Ⲡ⺠e | a â² , b â² . {\displaystyle g\,|\,a,b\iff de\,|\,da',db'\iff e\,|a',b'.} ãããã£ãŠã a â² = e a â²â² , b â² = e b â²â² {\displaystyle a'=ea'',b'=eb''} ãšããã°ãæåã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ããŠ
l = a b â²â² e = b a â²â² e {\displaystyle l=ab''e=ba''e} ãšãªããã e > 1 {\displaystyle e>1} ã§ãããšã l e ( < l ) {\displaystyle {\frac {l}{e}}(<l)} ã a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ãšãªããl ã®æå°æ§ã«åãããããe = 1 ãšãªããããªãã(2) ãã g = d . {\displaystyle g=d.} (1) ããã a b = g l . {\displaystyle ab=gl.}
次ã®å®çãã1.3, 1.4 ãšãšãã«ç¡æ¡ä»¶ã§åãå
¥ããããŠãããéåžžã«éèŠãªå®çã§ããã
蚌æ å®ç 1.5 ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b | b c ⺠a | c . {\displaystyle ab\,|\,bc\iff a\,|\,c.}
å®ç 1.3 ã®ã¿ã䜿ã£ãŠèšŒæããããšãã§ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯åœç¶ b ã®åæ°ã§ãããã kb ãšããããab ã¯æããã« a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããå®ç 1.3 ãã kb ã®åæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ a 㯠k ã®åæ°ã§ããããã㧠a = l k {\displaystyle a=lk} ãšãããš k b = a b / l {\displaystyle kb=ab/l} ã a ã®åæ°ã§ãããã b / l {\displaystyle b/l} ã¯æŽæ°ãã€ãŸã l 㯠b ã®çŽæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ l 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã§ãªããã°ãªããªããä»®å®ãã l=1 ã€ãŸã k=a ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããããã£ãŠ a, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b | b c ⺠a | c . {\displaystyle ab\,|\,bc\iff a\,|\,c.}
å®ç 1.6 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«äžè¬åãããã
蚌æ a â² = a / gcd ( a , b ) , b â² = b / gcd ( a , b ) {\displaystyle a'=a/\gcd(a,b),b'=b/\gcd(a,b)} ãšãããš gcd ( a â² , b â² ) = 1 {\displaystyle \gcd(a',b')=1} ãªã®ã§å®ç 1.6 ãã a | b c ⺠a â² | b â² c ⺠a â² | c . {\displaystyle a\,|\,bc\iff a'\,|\,b'c\iff a'\,|\,c.} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©",
"title": "åæ°ã»çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "q {\\displaystyle q} ãååšãããšãããããããa 㯠b ã®åæ°ãããb 㯠a ã®çŽæ°ãããa 㯠b ã§å²ãåããããšãããèšå·ã§ã b | a {\\displaystyle b\\,|\\,a} ã",
"title": "åæ°ã»çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ b | a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , ⯠, a n {\\displaystyle b\\,|\\,a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\\cdots ,a_{n}} ããã b q 0 = a 0 , b q 1 = a 1 , ⯠{\\displaystyle bq_{0}=a_{0},bq_{1}=a_{1},\\cdots } ãšããããããšã",
"title": "åæ°ã»çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a 0 x + a 1 x + a 2 x + ⯠+ a n x = b q 0 x + b q 1 x + b q 2 x + ⯠+ b q n x = b x ( q 0 + q 1 + q 2 + ⯠+ q n ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}a_{0}x+a_{1}x+a_{2}x+\\cdots +a_{n}x&=bq_{0}x+bq_{1}x+bq_{2}x+\\cdots +bq_{n}x\\\\&=bx(q_{0}+q_{1}+q_{2}+\\cdots +q_{n})\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "åæ°ã»çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããb ã®åæ°ã§ããããšããã b | a 0 x + a 1 x + a 2 x + ⯠+ a n x . {\\displaystyle b\\,|\\,a_{0}x+a_{1}x+a_{2}x+\\cdots +a_{n}x.}",
"title": "åæ°ã»çŽæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããæŽæ°è«ã®æ ¹å¹¹ã®éšåãæãåºæ¬çãã€å€§äºãªå®çã§ããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç 1.2 (é€æ³ã®åç)",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ ãŸãã¯ååšããããšã蚌æããããã®ããã«ããŸãã¯èªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠã蚌æãããããå©çšããŠè² ã®æ°ãš 0 ã®å Žåã蚌æããã°æŽæ°å
šãŠã網çŸ
ã§ããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a {\\displaystyle a} ã«ã€ããŠã®æ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ã§èšŒæããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(i) a = 1 {\\displaystyle a=1} ã®ãšã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "b = 1 {\\displaystyle b=1} ãªãã°ã a = b 1 + 0 {\\displaystyle a=b1+0} ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã b > 1 {\\displaystyle b>1} ãªãã°ã a = b 0 + 1 {\\displaystyle a=b0+1} ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(ii) a = n {\\displaystyle a=n} ã®ãšãæãç«ã€ãšä»®å®ãã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããªãã¡ã n = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) {\\displaystyle n=bq+r(0\\leqq r<b)} ãªã q , r {\\displaystyle q,r} ãååšããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0 ⊠r < b â 1 {\\displaystyle 0\\leqq r<b-1} ãªãã°ã n + 1 = b q + ( r + 1 ) ( 0 ⊠r < b ) {\\displaystyle n+1=bq+(r+1)\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (0\\leqq r<b)} ãã n+1 ã§ãæ£ããã r = b â 1 {\\displaystyle r=b-1} ãªãã°ã n + 1 = b q + r + 1 = b ( q + 1 ) + 0 {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}n+1&=bq+r+1&=b(q+1)+0\\end{aligned}}} ãšãªã£ãŠãçµå± n+1 ã®å Žåãæ£ããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(i) (ii) ã«ãã£ãŠæ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ãããèªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠæãç«ã€ããšãåãã£ãã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ãè² æ°ã®å Žåã§ããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a < 0 â â a > 0 {\\displaystyle a<0\\Rightarrow -a>0} ã§ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©èšŒæããããšãã â a = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) ⯠( 1 ) {\\displaystyle -a=bq+r\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (0\\leqq r<b)\\cdots (1)} ãªã q , r {\\displaystyle q,r} ãååšããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( 1 ) ⺠a = b ( â q ) + ( â r ) ( â b < â r ⊠0 ) ⺠a = b ( â q ) â b + ( â r + b ) ( 0 < â r + b ⊠b ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}(1)&\\iff a=b(-q)+(-r)\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (-b<-r\\leqq 0)\\\\&\\iff a=b(-q)-b+(-r+b)\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (0<-r+b\\leqq b)\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã£ãŠã 0 < â r + b < b {\\displaystyle 0<-r+b<b} ãªãã°å®çã¯æ£ãããããã§ã¯ãªãã â r + b = b {\\displaystyle -r+b=b} ã®ãšããã â r + b = b ⺠r = 0 {\\displaystyle -r+b=b\\iff r=0} ã§ããããšããå®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æåŸã« 0 ã®å Žåã§ããããããã¯èªæã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "以äžããå
šãŠã®æŽæ°ã«ãããŠé€æ³ã®åçãæºãã q, r ãååšããããšã蚌æãããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«ããã®å¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããä»®ã«ãšããæŽæ° a , b > 0 {\\displaystyle a,b>0} ã§ãããæãç«ããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "a = b q + r ( 0 ⊠r < b ) a = b q â² + r â² ( 0 ⊠r â² < b ) q â q â² âš r â r â² {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}a&=bq+r\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (0\\leqq r<b)\\\\a&=bq'+r'\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ (0\\leqq r'<b)\\\\q&\\neq q'\\vee r\\neq r'\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã ã£ããšããããããšã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "( b q + r ) â ( b q â² + r â² ) = a â a ⺠b ( q â q â² ) + ( r â r â² ) = 0 ⺠b ( q â q â² ) = r â² â r {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}(bq+r)-(bq'+r')=a-a&\\iff b(q-q')+(r-r')=0\\\\&\\iff b(q-q')=r'-r\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "⎠b | r â² â r ⯠( 2 ) {\\displaystyle \\therefore b\\,|\\,r'-r\\cdots (2)}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0 ⊠r Ⲡ⧠r < b â r < r â² + b ⺠r â r â² < b ⺠r â² â r > â b ⯠( 3 ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}0\\leqq r'\\wedge r<b&\\Rightarrow r<r'+b\\\\&\\iff r-r'<b\\\\&\\iff r'-r>-b\\cdots (3)\\\\\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "0 ⊠r ⧠r â² < b â r â² < r + b ⺠r â² â r < b ⯠( 4 ) {\\displaystyle {\\begin{aligned}0\\leqq r\\wedge r'<b&\\Rightarrow r'<r+b\\\\&\\iff r'-r<b\\cdots (4)\\end{aligned}}}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(2), (3), (4) ãã r â² â r = 0 ⺠r = r Ⲡ⯠( 5 ) {\\displaystyle r'-r=0\\iff r=r'\\cdots (5)}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã£ãŠãåã³ ( b q + r ) â ( b q â² + r â² ) = a â a ⺠b ( q â q â² ) = 0 ⺠b = 0 âš q â q â² = 0 {\\displaystyle (bq+r)-(bq'+r')=a-a\\iff b(q-q')=0\\iff b=0\\vee q-q'=0}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã§ã b > 0 {\\displaystyle b>0} ããã q â q â² = 0 ⺠q = q Ⲡ⯠( 6 ) {\\displaystyle q-q'=0\\iff q=q'\\cdots (6)}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "(5), (6) ã¯ä»®å®ã«ççŸããããã£ãŠãå¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããã以äžã«ããé€æ³ã®åçã蚌æãããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸ",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "19 = 7 â
2 + 5 {\\displaystyle 19=7\\cdot 2+5} 97 = 24 â
4 + 1 {\\displaystyle 97=24\\cdot 4+1} 186 = 38 â
4 + 32 {\\displaystyle 186=38\\cdot 4+32}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãªããäœãã®ç¯å²ã 0 ⊠r < b {\\displaystyle 0\\leqq r<b} ãšããã â b 2 ⊠r ⊠b 2 ( ⺠r ⊠| b 2 | ) {\\displaystyle -{\\frac {b}{2}}\\leqq r\\leqq {\\frac {b}{2}}(\\iff r\\leqq |{\\frac {b}{2}}|)} ãšããããšãã§ããããããã絶察æå°å°äœãšãããäŸãã°ã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"tag": "p",
"text": "68 = 7 â
10 â 2 {\\displaystyle 68=7\\cdot 10-2}",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãããã",
"title": "é€æ³ã®åç"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®çŸ©",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äŸ 84, 32 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 4, èšå·ã§ gcd ( 84 , 32 ) = 4. {\\displaystyle \\gcd(84,32)=4.} ãŸã㯠( 84 , 32 ) = 4. {\\displaystyle (84,32)=4.} 189, 42 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 21, èšå·ã§ ( 189 , 42 ) = 21. {\\displaystyle (189,42)=21.} 230, 132, 91 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 23, èšå·ã§ ( 230 , 132 , 91 ) = 23. {\\displaystyle (230,132,91)=23.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"tag": "p",
"text": "12 ãš 20 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 60, èšå·ã§ lcm [ 12 , 20 ] = 60. {\\displaystyle {\\textrm {lcm}}[12,20]=60.} 9, 21, 15 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 315, èšå·ã§ lcm [ 9 , 21 , 15 ] = 315. {\\displaystyle {\\textrm {lcm}}[9,21,15]=315.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"tag": "p",
"text": "6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã92, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã3, 4, 5 ã¯å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ããã4, 6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã ( 4 , 6 ) = 2 {\\displaystyle (4,6)=2} ãªã®ã§å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã6, 10, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã ( 6 , 10 ) = 2 , ( 10 , 15 ) = 5 , ( 6 , 15 ) = 3 {\\displaystyle (6,10)=2,(10,15)=5,(6,15)=3} ãšã©ã®2ã€ããšã£ãŠãäºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã«è¿°ã¹ããã®ã¯çŽèŠ³çã«èããŠåã£ãŠãããã®ã§ã蚌æãªãã«åãå
¥ãããããã®ã§ããããããåçããæå³ã§ãããã«èšŒæãèŒããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ 2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªããå
šãŠããããããããã®ã a b ⯠k {\\displaystyle ab\\cdots k} ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬åæ°ã§ããããã§ããããããè² ãªãã°æ£ã«çŽãããšã§èªç¶æ°ã®å
¬åæ°ãã¿ã€ããããã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãããã§æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããm ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬åæ°ãšãããå®ç 1.2 ã«åºã¥ããŠã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m = l q + r , 0 ⊠r < l {\\displaystyle m=lq+r,\\ \\ \\ 0\\leqq r<l}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãšããã°ã r = m â l q {\\displaystyle r=m-lq}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"tag": "p",
"text": "m ã l ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ã§ãããããå®ç 1.1 ã«ãã£ãŠ r ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ãããªãã¡ãå
¬åæ°ã§ãããããã§ãl ã¯æ£ã®ãã®ã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã ã£ãããã r = 0 {\\displaystyle r=0} ãšãªããããªãããã£ãŠå®çã®æ£ããããšã蚌æãããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ 2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬çŽæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªãã1 ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬çŽæ°ã§ããããã§ããããŸãããããã®æ°ã®ãã¡ãæã倧ããæ°ã l ãšãããšãl + 1 以äžã®æ°ã¯å
¬çŽæ°ã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãŠå
¬çŽæ°ã«ã¯æ倧ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããŠãããã§æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã m ãšãããd ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬çŽæ°ãšããããŸããm, d ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããä»®å®ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ãããd ã®åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠãå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠l ã®åæ°ã§ãããåæ§ã«ãb, c, ... , k ã l ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠãl 㯠a, b, c, ... , k ã®å
¬çŽæ°ããããã£ãŠ m ã¯ãæ倧ããªã®ã§ l ⊠m . {\\displaystyle l\\leqq m.} ãŸããl 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ããããã l ⧠m . {\\displaystyle l\\geqq m.} 以äžããã l = m {\\displaystyle l=m} ãšãªããd 㯠m ã®çŽæ°ã§ãããšåãã£ãã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ ä»®å®ããã l = a â² b = a b â² {\\displaystyle l=a'b=ab'} ãšããããab 㯠a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b = d l ⯠( 1 ) {\\displaystyle ab=dl\\cdots (1)} ãšãããã å
ã»ã©ã®åŒãããã«ä»£å
¥ããŠã a b = d a â² b , a b = d a b Ⲡ⺠a = d a â² , b = d b Ⲡ⯠{\\displaystyle ab=da'b,ab=dab'\\iff a=da',b=db'\\cdots } ã€ãŸããd 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ãå®ç 1.4 ã«åºã¥ããŠã g = d e ⯠( 2 ) {\\displaystyle g=de\\cdots (2)} ãšãããä»®å®ã«ããã g | a , b ⺠d e | d a â² , d b Ⲡ⺠e | a â² , b â² . {\\displaystyle g\\,|\\,a,b\\iff de\\,|\\,da',db'\\iff e\\,|a',b'.} ãããã£ãŠã a â² = e a â²â² , b â² = e b â²â² {\\displaystyle a'=ea'',b'=eb''} ãšããã°ãæåã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ããŠ",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"tag": "p",
"text": "l = a b â²â² e = b a â²â² e {\\displaystyle l=ab''e=ba''e} ãšãªããã e > 1 {\\displaystyle e>1} ã§ãããšã l e ( < l ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {l}{e}}(<l)} ã a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ãšãªããl ã®æå°æ§ã«åãããããe = 1 ãšãªããããªãã(2) ãã g = d . {\\displaystyle g=d.} (1) ããã a b = g l . {\\displaystyle ab=gl.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®å®çãã1.3, 1.4 ãšãšãã«ç¡æ¡ä»¶ã§åãå
¥ããããŠãããéåžžã«éèŠãªå®çã§ããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ å®ç 1.5 ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b | b c ⺠a | c . {\\displaystyle ab\\,|\\,bc\\iff a\\,|\\,c.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç 1.3 ã®ã¿ã䜿ã£ãŠèšŒæããããšãã§ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯åœç¶ b ã®åæ°ã§ãããã kb ãšããããab ã¯æããã« a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããå®ç 1.3 ãã kb ã®åæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ a 㯠k ã®åæ°ã§ããããã㧠a = l k {\\displaystyle a=lk} ãšãããš k b = a b / l {\\displaystyle kb=ab/l} ã a ã®åæ°ã§ãããã b / l {\\displaystyle b/l} ã¯æŽæ°ãã€ãŸã l 㯠b ã®çŽæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ l 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã§ãªããã°ãªããªããä»®å®ãã l=1 ã€ãŸã k=a ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããããã£ãŠ a, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ a b | b c ⺠a | c . {\\displaystyle ab\\,|\\,bc\\iff a\\,|\\,c.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å®ç 1.6 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«äžè¬åãããã",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"tag": "p",
"text": "蚌æ a â² = a / gcd ( a , b ) , b â² = b / gcd ( a , b ) {\\displaystyle a'=a/\\gcd(a,b),b'=b/\\gcd(a,b)} ãšãããš gcd ( a â² , b â² ) = 1 {\\displaystyle \\gcd(a',b')=1} ãªã®ã§å®ç 1.6 ãã a | b c ⺠a â² | b â² c ⺠a â² | c . {\\displaystyle a\\,|\\,bc\\iff a'\\,|\\,b'c\\iff a'\\,|\\,c.}",
"title": "å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ°"
}
] | null | {{Nav}}
== åæ°ã»çŽæ° ==
'''å®çŸ©'''
:æŽæ°<math>a, b</math> ã«ã€ã㊠<math>a = bq</math> ãªã æŽæ°
<math>q</math> ãååšãããšãããããããa 㯠b ã®'''åæ°'''ãããb 㯠a ã®'''çŽæ°'''ãããa 㯠b ã§'''å²ãåãã'''ããšãããèšå·ã§ã<math>b \, | \, a</math>ã
====== å®ç 1.1 ======
:ãã®å®çã¯åºæ¬çã§ããã
:<math>b \, | \, a_0, a_1, a_2, \cdots , a_n</math> ã®ãšãã<math>b \, | \, a_0x + a_1x + a_2x + \cdots +a_nx</math>
'''蚌æ'''<br />
<math>b \, | \, a_0, a_1, a_2, \cdots , a_n</math> ããã <math>bq_0 = a_0, bq_1 = a_1, \cdots </math> ãšããããããšã
<math>\begin{align}
a_0x + a_1x + a_2x + \cdots +a_nx & = bq_0x + bq_1x + bq_2x + \cdots + bq_nx \\
& = bx(q_0 + q_1 + q_2 + \cdots + q_n)
\end{align}
</math>
ãããb ã®åæ°ã§ããããšããã<math>b \, | \, a_0x + a_1x + a_2x + \cdots +a_nx.</math>
== é€æ³ã®åç ==
ãããæŽæ°è«ã®æ ¹å¹¹ã®éšåãæãåºæ¬çãã€å€§äºãªå®çã§ããã
'''å®ç 1.2''' ([[w:é€æ³ã®åç|é€æ³ã®åç]])
:ä»»æã®æŽæ° <math>a, b > 0</math> ãäžãããããšãã<math>a = bq + r \ \ \ \ \ (0 \leqq r < b)</math> ãªã <math>q, r</math> ããã äžçµã«éã£ãŠååšããã
'''蚌æ'''<br />
ãŸãã¯ååšããããšã蚌æããããã®ããã«ããŸãã¯èªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠã蚌æãããããå©çšããŠè² ã®æ°ãš 0 ã®å Žåã蚌æããã°æŽæ°å
šãŠã網çŸ
ã§ããã
<math>a</math> ã«ã€ããŠã®æ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ã§èšŒæããã
(i) <math>a = 1</math> ã®ãšã
<math>b = 1</math> ãªãã°ã<math>a = b1 + 0</math> ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã<br />
<math>b > 1</math> ãªãã°ã<math>a = b0 + 1</math> ãšããããšã§å®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã
(ii) <math>a = n</math> ã®ãšãæãç«ã€ãšä»®å®ãã
ããªãã¡ã<math>n = bq + r (0 \leqq r < b)</math> ãªã <math>q, r</math> ãååšããã
<math>0 \leqq r < b-1</math> ãªãã°ã<math>n + 1 = bq + (r + 1) \ \ \ \ \ (0 \leqq r < b)</math> ãã n+1 ã§ãæ£ããã<br />
<math>r = b - 1</math> ãªãã°ã<br />
<math>\begin{align}
n + 1 & = bq + r + 1
& = b(q+1) + 0
\end{align}
</math><br />
ãšãªã£ãŠãçµå± n+1 ã®å Žåãæ£ããã
(i) (ii) ã«ãã£ãŠæ°åŠçåž°çŽæ³ãããèªç¶æ°ã«ã€ããŠæãç«ã€ããšãåãã£ãã
次ã«ãè² æ°ã®å Žåã§ããã
<math>a < 0 \Rightarrow -a > 0</math> ã§ããã®ã§ãå
ã»ã©èšŒæããããšãã <math>-a = bq + r \ \ \ \ \ (0 \leqq r < b) \cdots (1)</math> ãªã <math>q, r</math> ãååšããã
<math>\begin{align}
(1) & \iff a = b(-q) + (-r) \ \ \ \ \ (-b < -r \leqq 0) \\
& \iff a = b(-q) - b + (-r + b) \ \ \ \ \ (0 < -r + b \leqq b)
\end{align}</math>
ãã£ãŠã<math>0 < -r + b < b</math> ãªãã°å®çã¯æ£ãããããã§ã¯ãªãã<math>-r + b = b</math> ã®ãšããã<math>-r + b = b \iff r = 0</math> ã§ããããšããå®çã®äž»åŒµãæºããã
æåŸã« 0 ã®å Žåã§ããããããã¯èªæã
以äžããå
šãŠã®æŽæ°ã«ãããŠé€æ³ã®åçãæºãã q, r ãååšããããšã蚌æãããã
次ã«ããã®å¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããä»®ã«ãšããæŽæ° <math>a, b > 0</math> ã§ãããæãç«ããã
<math>
\begin{align}
a & = bq + r \ \ \ \ \ (0 \leqq r < b) \\
a & = bq' + r' \ \ \ \ \ (0 \leqq r' < b) \\
q & \neq q'\vee r \neq r'
\end{align}
</math>
ã ã£ããšããããããšã
<math>\begin{align}
(bq + r) - (bq' + r') = a-a & \iff b(q-q') + (r-r') = 0 \\
& \iff b(q-q') = r' - r
\end{align}
</math>
<math>
\therefore b \, | \, r' - r \cdots (2)
</math>
<math>
\begin{align}
0 \leqq r' \wedge r < b & \Rightarrow r < r' + b \\
& \iff r-r' < b \\
& \iff r'-r > -b \cdots (3) \\
\end{align}
</math>
<math>
\begin{align}
0 \leqq r \wedge r' < b & \Rightarrow r' < r + b \\
& \iff r' - r < b \cdots (4)
\end{align}
</math>
(2), (3), (4) ãã <math>r' - r = 0 \iff r = r' \cdots (5)</math>
ãããã£ãŠãåã³ <math>(bq + r) - (bq' + r') = a-a \iff b(q-q') = 0 \iff b = 0 \vee q - q' = 0</math>
ããã§ã<math>b > 0</math> ããã<math>q - q' = 0 \iff q = q' \cdots (6)</math>
(5), (6) ã¯ä»®å®ã«ççŸããããã£ãŠãå¯äžæ§ã蚌æãããã以äžã«ããé€æ³ã®åçã蚌æãããã
'''å®çŸ©'''
:å
ã»ã©ã®å®çããã®ãŸãŸçšãããšãq ã ãa ã b ã§å²ã£ã'''å'''ããr ã ãa ã b ã§å²ã£ã'''äœã'''ããšããããŸããããããb ã'''æ³'''ãšãã a ã®'''æå°æ£å°äœ'''ããšãããã
'''äŸ'''
<math>19 = 7 \cdot 2 + 5</math><br />
<math>97 = 24 \cdot 4 + 1</math><br />
<math>186 = 38 \cdot 4 + 32</math>
ãªããäœãã®ç¯å²ã <math>0 \leqq r < b</math> ãšããã<math>-\frac{b}{2} \leqq r \leqq \frac{b}{2} ( \iff r \leqq |\frac{b}{2}|)</math> ãšããããšãã§ããããããã'''絶察æå°å°äœ'''ãšãããäŸãã°ã
<math>68 = 7 \cdot 10 - 2</math>
ãããã
== å
¬çŽæ°ã»å
¬åæ° ==
'''å®çŸ©'''
:2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ° a, b, ... ã«ã€ããŠãa ã®çŽæ°ã§ãããã〠b ã®çŽæ°ã§ããããã€ã... ãšããæ°ããa, b, ... ã®'''å
¬çŽæ°'''ããšãããèªç¶æ°ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã®ãã¡æ倧ã®ãã®ãã'''æ倧å
¬çŽæ°'''ããšããããg.c.d, gcdããªã©ãšãæžãããgcd(a, b, ...)ããŸãã¯åã« (a, b, ...) ãšããèšå·ã§è¡šãã
:2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ° a, b, ... ã«ã€ããŠãa ã®åæ°ã§ãããã〠b ã®åæ°ã§ããããã€ã... ãšããæ°ããa, b, ... ã®å
¬åæ°ããšãããèªç¶æ°ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ãã'''æå°å
¬åæ°'''ããšããããl.c.m, lcm, LCMããªã©ãšãæžãããlcm[a, b, ...] ãšããèšå·ã§è¡šãã
:ç¹ã«ãgcd(a, b) = 1 ã®ãšãããa, b ã¯'''äºãã«çŽ '''ã§ãããããšãããããã«ããã§ã¯ã3ã€ä»¥äžã®æ° a, b, c, ... ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãgcd(a, b, c, ...) = 1 ããåºçŸ©ã®äºãã«çŽ ããããã¯åã«ãäºãã«çŽ ãã3ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã®ãã¡ä»»æã®ç°ãªã2æ°ããšã£ãŠãäºãã«çŽ ã§ãããšãããç矩ã®äºãã«çŽ ãã察ããšã«äºãã«çŽ ããã©ã®2ã€ãäºãã«çŽ ããšããã察ããšã«äºãã«çŽ ãªæ°ã®çµã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ããããã®ãããªåºå¥ã¯äžè¬çã§ã¯ãªãææ§ãªéšåããããããã§ã¯ãã®ããã«çŽæããã
'''äŸ'''
84, 32 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 4, èšå·ã§ <math>\gcd(84, 32) = 4.</math> ãŸã㯠<math>(84, 32) = 4.</math><br />
189, 42 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 21, èšå·ã§ <math>(189, 42) = 21.</math><br />
230, 132, 91 ã®æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã¯ 23, èšå·ã§ <math>(230, 132, 91) = 23.</math>
12 ãš 20 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 60, èšå·ã§ <math>\textrm{lcm}[12, 20] = 60.</math>
9, 21, 15 ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ 315, èšå·ã§ <math>\textrm{lcm}[9, 21, 15] = 315.</math>
6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã92, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã3, 4, 5 ã¯å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ããã4, 6, 7 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã<math>(4, 6) = 2</math> ãªã®ã§å¯Ÿããšã«äºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã6, 10, 15 ã¯äºãã«çŽ ã§ãããã<math>(6, 10)=2, (10, 15)=5, (6, 15)=3</math> ãšã©ã®2ã€ããšã£ãŠãäºãã«çŽ ã§ã¯ãªãã
次ã«è¿°ã¹ããã®ã¯çŽèŠ³çã«èããŠåã£ãŠãããã®ã§ã蚌æãªãã«åãå
¥ãããããã®ã§ããããããåçããæå³ã§ãããã«èšŒæãèŒããã
====== å®ç 1.3 ======
:2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã®å
¬åæ°ã¯æå°å
¬åæ°ã®åæ°ã§ããã
'''蚌æ'''<br />
2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªããå
šãŠããããããããã®ã<math>ab \cdots k</math> ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬åæ°ã§ããããã§ããããããè² ãªãã°æ£ã«çŽãããšã§èªç¶æ°ã®å
¬åæ°ãã¿ã€ããããã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã
ããŠãããã§æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããm ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬åæ°ãšãããå®ç 1.2 ã«åºã¥ããŠã
<math>m = lq + r, \ \ \ 0 \leqq r < l</math>
ãšããã°ã<math>r = m - lq</math>
m ã l ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ã§ãããããå®ç 1.1 ã«ãã£ãŠ r ã a, b, ... , k ã®åæ°ãããªãã¡ãå
¬åæ°ã§ãããããã§ãl ã¯æ£ã®ãã®ã®ãã¡æå°ã®ãã®ã ã£ãããã<math>r = 0</math> ãšãªããããªãããã£ãŠå®çã®æ£ããããšã蚌æãããã
====== å®ç 1.4 ======
:2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã¯æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã®çŽæ°ã§ããã
'''蚌æ'''<br />
2ã€ä»¥äžã®æ°ã a, b, ..., k ãšãããå
¬çŽæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããããªããªãã1 ã¯å®çŸ©ããå
¬çŽæ°ã§ããããã§ããããŸãããããã®æ°ã®ãã¡ãæã倧ããæ°ã l ãšãããšãl + 1 以äžã®æ°ã¯å
¬çŽæ°ã§ã¯ãªãããã£ãŠå
¬çŽæ°ã«ã¯æ倧ã®ãã®ã¯ååšããããã£ãŠæå°å
¬åæ°ã¯å¿
ãååšããã
ããŠãããã§æ倧å
¬çŽæ°ã m ãšãããd ã¯ä»»æã®å
¬çŽæ°ãšããããŸããm, d ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã l ãšãããä»®å®ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ãããd ã®åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠãå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠãa 㯠l ã®åæ°ã§ãããåæ§ã«ãb, c, ... , k ã l ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠãl 㯠a, b, c, ... , k ã®å
¬çŽæ°ããããã£ãŠ m ã¯ãæ倧ããªã®ã§ <math>l \leqq m.</math> ãŸããl 㯠m ã®åæ°ã§ããããã<math>l \geqq m.</math> 以äžããã<math>l = m</math> ãšãªããd 㯠m ã®çŽæ°ã§ãããšåãã£ãã
====== å®ç 1.5 ======
:ä»»æã®èªç¶æ° a, b ã«ã€ããŠã<math>\gcd(a, b) = g, \textrm{lcm}[a, b] = l</math> ãšãããšã<math>ab = gl</math>
'''蚌æ'''<br />
ä»®å®ããã<math>l = a'b = ab'</math> ãšããããab 㯠a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ <math>ab = dl \cdots (1)</math> ãšãããã<br />
å
ã»ã©ã®åŒãããã«ä»£å
¥ããŠã<math>ab = da'b, ab = dab' \iff a = da', b = db' \cdots</math> ã€ãŸããd 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ãå®ç 1.4 ã«åºã¥ããŠã<br />
<math>g = de \cdots (2)</math>ãšãããä»®å®ã«ããã<math>g \, | \, a, b \iff de \, | \, da', db' \iff e \, | a', b'.</math> ãããã£ãŠã<math>a' = ea'', b' = eb''</math> ãšããã°ãæåã®åŒã«ä»£å
¥ããŠ
<math>l = ab''e = ba''e</math> ãšãªããã<math>e > 1</math> ã§ãããšã<math>\frac{l}{e} ( < l )</math> ã a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ãšãªããl ã®æå°æ§ã«åãããããe = 1 ãšãªããããªãã(2) ãã <math>g = d.</math> (1) ããã<math>ab = gl.</math>
次ã®å®çãã1.3, 1.4 ãšãšãã«ç¡æ¡ä»¶ã§åãå
¥ããããŠãããéåžžã«éèŠãªå®çã§ããã
====== å®ç 1.6 ======
:<math>\gcd (a, b) = 1</math> ã®ãšã <math> a \, | \, bc \iff a \, | \, c</math>
'''蚌æ'''<br />
å®ç 1.5 ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ <math>ab \, | \, bc \iff a \, | \, c.</math>
å®ç 1.3 ã®ã¿ã䜿ã£ãŠèšŒæããããšãã§ãããa, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯åœç¶ b ã®åæ°ã§ãããã kb ãšããããab ã¯æããã« a, b ã®å
¬åæ°ã§ããããå®ç 1.3 ãã kb ã®åæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ a 㯠k ã®åæ°ã§ããããã㧠<math>a=lk</math> ãšãããš <math>kb=ab/l</math> ã a ã®åæ°ã§ãããã
<math>b/l</math> ã¯æŽæ°ãã€ãŸã l 㯠b ã®çŽæ°ã§ããããã£ãŠ l 㯠a, b ã®å
¬çŽæ°ã§ãªããã°ãªããªããä»®å®ãã l=1 ã€ãŸã k=a ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããããã£ãŠ a, b ã®æå°å
¬åæ°ã¯ ab ã§ãããbc 㯠a ã®åæ°ã〠b ã®åæ°ããããã£ãŠå®ç 1.3 ã«ãã£ãŠ <math>ab \, | \, bc \iff a \, | \, c.</math>
å®ç 1.6 ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«äžè¬åãããã
====== å®ç 1.6' ======
:<math>a \, | \, bc \iff \frac{a}{\gcd (a, b)} \, | \, c</math>
'''蚌æ'''<br />
<math>a'=a/\gcd (a, b), b'=b/\gcd (a, b)</math> ãšãããš <math>\gcd(a', b')=1</math> ãªã®ã§å®ç 1.6 ãã <math>a \, | \, bc \iff a' \, | \, b'c \iff a' \, | \, c.</math>
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2,935 | äžåŠæ ¡ç€ŸäŒ æŽå² | äžåŠæ ¡ç€ŸäŒ æŽå²ã§ã¯ãäžåŠçã察象ãšããæŽå²ã®æç§æžãçšæããŠããŸããå
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{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "äžåŠæ ¡ç€ŸäŒ æŽå²ã§ã¯ãäžåŠçã察象ãšããæŽå²ã®æç§æžãçšæããŠããŸããå
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "以äžã®æç§æžãèªã¿ã€ããããã£ãšæŽå²ãç¥ãããããšãã人ã¯æ¥æ¬å²ã®æ¬ãèªãã§ã¿ããã倧人åãã§å
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"title": "ä»åéã®ãªã³ã¯"
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!valign="bottom"|12
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|13<br/>[[w:ã¢ã«ãããŠã |'''Al''']]<br/>26.98
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|14<br/>[[w:ã±ã€çŽ |'''Si''']]<br/>28.09
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|15<br/>[[w:ãªã³|'''P''']]<br/>30.97
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|16<br/>[[w:ç¡«é»|'''S''']]<br/>32.07
|style="border:solid #09f 2px;color:#3f3"|17<br/>[[w:å¡©çŽ |'''Cl''']]<br/>35.45
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|18<br/>[[w:ã¢ã«ãŽã³|'''Ar''']]<br/>39.95
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|19<br/>[[w:ã«ãªãŠã |'''K''']]<br/>39.10
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|20<br/>[[w:ã«ã«ã·ãŠã |'''Ca''']]<br/>40.08
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|21<br/>[[w:ã¹ã«ã³ãžãŠã |'''Sc''']]<br/>44.96
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|22<br/>[[w:ãã¿ã³|'''Ti''']]<br/>47.87
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|23<br/>[[w:ãããžãŠã |'''V''']]<br/>50.94
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|24<br/>[[w:ã¯ãã |'''Cr''']]<br/>52.00
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|25<br/>[[w:ãã³ã¬ã³|'''Mn''']]<br/>54.94
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|26<br/>[[w:é|'''Fe''']]<br/>55.85
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|27<br/>[[w:ã³ãã«ã|'''Co''']]<br/>58.93
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|28<br/>[[w:ããã±ã«|'''Ni''']]<br/>58.69
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|29<br/>[[w:é
|'''Cu''']]<br/>63.55
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|30<br/>[[w:äºé|'''Zn''']]<br/>65.38
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|31<br/>[[w:ã¬ãªãŠã |'''Ga''']]<br/>69.72
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|32<br/>[[w:ã²ã«ãããŠã |'''Ge''']]<br/>72.63
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|33<br/>[[w:ãçŽ |'''As''']]<br/>74.92
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|34<br/>[[w:ã»ã¬ã³|'''Se''']]<br/>78.97
|style="border:solid #09f 2px;color:#f33"|35<br/>[[w:èçŽ |'''Br''']]<br/>79.90
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|36<br/>[[w:ã¯ãªããã³|'''Kr''']]<br/>83.80
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|37<br/>[[w:ã«ããžãŠã |'''Rb''']]<br/>85.47
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|38<br/>[[w:ã¹ããã³ããŠã |'''Sr''']]<br/>87.62
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|39<br/>[[w:ã€ãããªãŠã |'''Y''']]<br/>88.91
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|40<br/>[[w:ãžã«ã³ããŠã |'''Zr''']]<br/>91.22
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|41<br/>[[w:ããªã|'''Nb''']]<br/>92.91
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|42<br/>[[w:ã¢ãªããã³|'''Mo''']]<br/>95.95
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|43<br/>[[w:ãã¯ãããŠã |'''Tc''']]<br/>(99)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|44<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Ru''']]<br/>101.1
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|45<br/>[[w:ããžãŠã |'''Rh''']]<br/>102.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|46<br/>[[w:ãã©ãžãŠã |'''Pd''']]<br/>106.4
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|47<br/>[[w:é|'''Ag''']]<br/>107.9
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|48<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Cd''']]<br/>112.4
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|49<br/>[[w:ã€ã³ãžãŠã |'''In''']]<br/>114.8
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|50<br/>[[w:ã¹ãº|'''Sn''']]<br/>118.7
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|51<br/>[[w:ã¢ã³ãã¢ã³|'''Sb''']]<br/>121.8
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|52<br/>[[w:ãã«ã«|'''Te''']]<br/>127.6
|style="border:solid #09f 2px"|53<br/>[[w:ãšãŠçŽ |'''I''']]<br/>126.9
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|54<br/>[[w:ãã»ãã³|'''Xe''']]<br/>131.3
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|55<br/>[[w:ã»ã·ãŠã |'''Cs''']]<br/>132.9
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|56<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Ba''']]<br/>137.3
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:red"|<small>*1</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|72<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Hf''']]<br/>178.5
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|73<br/>[[w:ã¿ã³ã¿ã«|'''Ta''']]<br/>180.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|74<br/>[[w:ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³|'''W''']]<br/>183.8
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|75<br/>[[w:ã¬ããŠã |'''Re''']]<br/>186.2
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|76<br/>[[w:ãªã¹ããŠã |'''Os''']]<br/>190.2
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|77<br/>[[w:ã€ãªãžãŠã |'''Ir''']]<br/>192.2
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|78<br/>[[w:çœé|'''Pt''']]<br/>195.1
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|79<br/>[[w:é|'''Au''']]<br/>197.0
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:#f33"|80<br/>[[w:æ°Žé|'''Hg''']]<br/>200.6
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|81<br/>[[w:ã¿ãªãŠã |'''Tl''']]<br/>204.4
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|82<br/>[[w:é|'''Pb''']]<br/>207.2
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|83<br/>[[w:ãã¹ãã¹|'''Bi''']]<br/>209.0
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|84<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Po''']]<br/>(210)
|style="border:solid #09f 2px"|85<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¹ã¿ãã³|'''At''']]<br/>(210)
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|86<br/>[[w:ã©ãã³|'''Rn''']]<br/>(222)
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|87<br/>[[w:ãã©ã³ã·ãŠã |'''Fr''']]<br/>(223)
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|88<br/>[[w:ã©ãžãŠã |'''Ra''']]<br/>(226)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:red"|<small>*2</small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|104<br/>[[w:ã©ã¶ããŒãžãŠã |'''Rf''']]<br/>(267)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|105<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Db''']]<br/>(268)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|106<br/>[[w:ã·ãŒããŒã®ãŠã |'''Sg''']]<br/>(271)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|107<br/>[[w:ããŒãªãŠã |'''Bh''']]<br/>(272)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|108<br/>[[w:ããã·ãŠã |'''Hs''']]<br/>(277)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|109<br/>[[w:ãã€ãããªãŠã |'''Mt''']]<br/>(276)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|110<br/>[[w:ããŒã ã¹ã¿ããŠã |'''Ds''']]<br/>(281)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|111<br/>[[w:ã¬ã³ãã²ããŠã |'''Rg''']]<br/>(280)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|112<br/>[[w:ã³ãã«ãã·ãŠã |'''Cn''']]<br/>(285)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|113<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Nh''']]<br/>(278)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|114<br/>[[w:ãã¬ãããŠã |'''Fl''']]<br/>(289)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|115<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¹ã³ããŠã |'''Mc''']]<br/>(289)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|116<br/>[[w:ãªãã¢ãªãŠã |'''Lv''']]<br/>(293)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|117<br/>[[w:ããã·ã³|'''Ts''']]<br/>(293)
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|118<br/>[[w:ãªã¬ããœã³|'''Og''']]<br/>(294)
|-
|
|-align="center"
|colspan="3" align="right"|<small><span style="color:red;">*1</span> [[w:ã©ã³ã¿ãã€ã|ã©ã³ã¿ãã€ã]]: </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|57<br/>[[w:ã©ã³ã¿ã³|'''La''']]<br/>138.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|58<br/>[[w:ã»ãªãŠã |'''Ce''']]<br/>140.1
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|59<br/>[[w:ãã©ã»ãªãžã |'''Pr''']]<br/>140.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|60<br/>[[w:ããªãžã |'''Nd''']]<br/>144.2
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|61<br/>[[w:ããã¡ããŠã |'''Pm''']]<br/>(145)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|62<br/>[[w:ãµããªãŠã |'''Sm''']]<br/>150.4
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|63<br/>[[w:ãŠãŠãããŠã |'''Eu''']]<br/>152.0
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|64<br/>[[w:ã¬ããªããŠã |'''Gd''']]<br/>157.3
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|65<br/>[[w:ãã«ããŠã |'''Tb''']]<br/>158.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|66<br/>[[w:ãžã¹ããã·ãŠã |'''Dy''']]<br/>162.5
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|67<br/>[[w:ãã«ããŠã |'''Ho''']]<br/>164.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|68<br/>[[w:ãšã«ããŠã |'''Er''']]<br/>167.3
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|69<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Tm''']]<br/>168.9
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|70<br/>[[w:ã€ããã«ããŠã |'''Yb''']]<br/>173.0
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|71<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Lu''']]<br/>175.0
|-align="center"
|colspan="3" align="right"|<small><span style="color:red;">*2</span> [[w:ã¢ã¯ããã€ã|ã¢ã¯ããã€ã]]: </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|89<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¯ãããŠã |'''Ac''']]<br/>(227)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|90<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Th''']]<br/>232.0
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|91<br/>[[w:ãããã¢ã¯ãããŠã |'''Pa''']]<br/>231.0
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|92<br/>[[w:ãŠã©ã³|'''U''']]<br/>238.0
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|93<br/>[[w:ãããããŠã |'''Np''']]<br/>(237)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|94<br/>[[w:ãã«ãããŠã |'''Pu''']]<br/>(239)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|95<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¡ãªã·ãŠã |'''Am''']]<br/>(243)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|96<br/>[[w:ãã¥ãªãŠã |'''Cm''']]<br/>(247)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|97<br/>[[w:ããŒã¯ãªãŠã |'''Bk''']]<br/>(247)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|98<br/>[[w:ã«ãªãã«ããŠã |'''Cf''']]<br/>(252)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|99<br/>[[w:ã¢ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã€ããŠã |'''Es''']]<br/>(252)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|100<br/>[[w:ãã§ã«ããŠã |'''Fm''']]<br/>(257)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|101<br/>[[w:ã¡ã³ãã¬ããŠã |'''Md''']]<br/>(258)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|102<br/>[[w:ããŒããªãŠã |'''No''']]<br/>(259)
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|103<br/>[[w:ããŒã¬ã³ã·ãŠã |'''Lr''']]<br/>(262)
|-
|
|-
|colspan="18" align="right"|
{| border="0" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" style="margin-left:auto;text-align:left"
|-
|style="border:solid #999 1px;"| 1 ||åžžæž©ã§[[w:åºäœ|åºäœ]]
|width="32"|
|style="border:solid #999 1px;background:#f0f0ff"| ||[[w:éå±å
çŽ |éå±å
çŽ ]]
|width="32"|
|style="border:solid #f90 2px"| ||[[w:ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±|ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±]]
|-
|style="border:solid #999 1px;color:#f33"| 1 ||åžžæž©ã§[[w:液äœ|液äœ]]
|
|style="border:solid #999 1px;background:#ccffff"| ||[[w:åéå±å
çŽ |åéå±å
çŽ ]]
|
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px"| ||[[w:ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±|ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±]]
|-
|style="border:solid #999 1px;color:#3f3"| 1 ||åžžæž©ã§[[w:æ°äœ|æ°äœ]]
|
|style="border:solid #999 1px"| ||[[w:ééå±å
çŽ |ééå±å
çŽ ]]
|
|style="border:solid #09f 2px"| ||[[w:ããã²ã³|ããã²ã³]]
|-
| ||
|
|style="border:solid #999 1px;background:#ffffcc"| ||[[w:人工å
çŽ |人工å
çŽ ]]
|
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px"| ||[[w:åžã¬ã¹|åžã¬ã¹]]
|-
| ||
|
| ||
|
|style="border:solid #00f 2px"| ||[[w:é·ç§»å
çŽ |é·ç§»å
çŽ ]]
|}
|}
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{| border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0"
|-align="center"
!valign="bottom" width="60"|1
|width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"|
|width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"|
|width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"|
|width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"| ||width="60"|
!width="60"|18
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #999 2px;color:#3f3"|1<br/>[[w:æ°ŽçŽ |'''H''']]<br/>æ°ŽçŽ
!valign="bottom"|2
| || || || || || || || || ||
!valign="bottom"|13
!valign="bottom"|14
!valign="bottom"|15
!valign="bottom"|16
!valign="bottom"|17
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|2<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''He''']]<br/><small>ããªãŠã </small>
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|3<br/>[[w:ãªããŠã |'''Li''']]<br/><small>ãªããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|4<br/>[[w:ããªãªãŠã |'''Be''']]<br/><small>ããªãªãŠã </small>
| || || || || || || || || ||
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|5<br/>[[w:ããŠçŽ |'''B''']]<br/>ããŠçŽ
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|6<br/>[[w:ççŽ |'''C''']]<br/>ççŽ
|style="border:solid #999 2px;color:#3f3"|7<br/>[[w:çªçŽ |'''N''']]<br/>çªçŽ
|style="border:solid #999 2px;color:#3f3"|8<br/>[[w:é
žçŽ |'''O''']]<br/>é
žçŽ
|style="border:solid #09f 2px;color:#3f3"|9<br/>[[w:ããçŽ |'''F''']]<br/>ããçŽ
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|10<br/>[[w:ããªã³|'''Ne''']]<br/>ããªã³
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|11<br/>[[w:ãããªãŠã |'''Na''']]<br/><small>ãããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|12<br/>[[w:ãã°ãã·ãŠã |'''Mg''']]<br/><small>ãã°ãã·ãŠã </small>
!valign="bottom"|3
!valign="bottom"|4
!valign="bottom"|5
!valign="bottom"|6
!valign="bottom"|7
!valign="bottom"|8
!valign="bottom"|9
!valign="bottom"|10
!valign="bottom"|11
!valign="bottom"|12
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|13<br/>[[w:ã¢ã«ãããŠã |'''Al''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã«ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|14<br/>[[w:ã±ã€çŽ |'''Si''']]<br/>ã±ã€çŽ
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|15<br/>[[w:ãªã³|'''P''']]<br/>ãªã³
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|16<br/>[[w:ç¡«é»|'''S''']]<br/>ç¡«é»
|style="border:solid #09f 2px;color:#3f3"|17<br/>[[w:å¡©çŽ |'''Cl''']]<br/>å¡©çŽ
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|18<br/>[[w:ã¢ã«ãŽã³|'''Ar''']]<br/>ã¢ã«ãŽã³
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|19<br/>[[w:ã«ãªãŠã |'''K''']]<br/>ã«ãªãŠã <small></small>
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|20<br/>[[w:ã«ã«ã·ãŠã |'''Ca''']]<br/><small>ã«ã«ã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|21<br/>[[w:ã¹ã«ã³ãžãŠã |'''Sc''']]<br/><small>ã¹ã«ã³ãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|22<br/>[[w:ãã¿ã³|'''Ti''']]<br/>ãã¿ã³
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|23<br/>[[w:ãããžãŠã |'''V''']]<br/><small>ãããžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|24<br/>[[w:ã¯ãã |'''Cr''']]<br/>ã¯ãã
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|25<br/>[[w:ãã³ã¬ã³|'''Mn''']]<br/><small>ãã³ã¬ã³</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|26<br/>[[w:é|'''Fe''']]<br/>é
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|27<br/>[[w:ã³ãã«ã|'''Co''']]<br/><small>ã³ãã«ã</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|28<br/>[[w:ããã±ã«|'''Ni''']]<br/><small>ããã±ã«</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|29<br/>[[w:é
|'''Cu''']]<br/>é
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|30<br/>[[w:äºé|'''Zn''']]<br/>äºé
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|31<br/>[[w:ã¬ãªãŠã |'''Ga''']]<br/><small>ã¬ãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|32<br/>[[w:ã²ã«ãããŠã |'''Ge''']]<br/><small>ã²ã«ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|33<br/>[[w:ãçŽ |'''As''']]<br/>ãçŽ
|style="border:solid #999 2px"|34<br/>[[w:ã»ã¬ã³|'''Se''']]<br/>ã»ã¬ã³
|style="border:solid #09f 2px;color:#f33"|35<br/>[[w:èçŽ |'''Br''']]<br/>èçŽ
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|36<br/>[[w:ã¯ãªããã³|'''Kr''']]<br/><small>ã¯ãªããã³</small>
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|37<br/>[[w:ã«ããžãŠã |'''Rb''']]<br/><small>ã«ããžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|38<br/>[[w:ã¹ããã³ããŠã |'''Sr''']]<br/><small>ã¹ããã³ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|39<br/>[[w:ã€ãããªãŠã |'''Y''']]<br/><small>ã€ãããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|40<br/>[[w:ãžã«ã³ããŠã |'''Zr''']]<br/><small>ãžã«ã³ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|41<br/>[[w:ããªã|'''Nb''']]<br/><small>ããªã</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|42<br/>[[w:ã¢ãªããã³|'''Mo''']]<br/><small>ã¢ãªããã³</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|43<br/>[[w:ãã¯ãããŠã |'''Tc''']]<br/><small>ãã¯ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|44<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Ru''']]<br/><small>ã«ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|45<br/>[[w:ããžãŠã |'''Rh''']]<br/><small>ããžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|46<br/>[[w:ãã©ãžãŠã |'''Pd''']]<br/><small>ãã©ãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|47<br/>[[w:é|'''Ag''']]<br/>é
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|48<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Cd''']]<br/><small>ã«ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|49<br/>[[w:ã€ã³ãžãŠã |'''In''']]<br/><small>ã€ã³ãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|50<br/>[[w:ã¹ãº|'''Sn''']]<br/>ã¹ãº
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|51<br/>[[w:ã¢ã³ãã¢ã³|'''Sb''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã³ãã¢ã³</small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|52<br/>[[w:ãã«ã«|'''Te''']]<br/>ãã«ã«
|style="border:solid #09f 2px"|53<br/>[[w:ãšãŠçŽ |'''I''']]<br/>ãšãŠçŽ
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|54<br/>[[w:ãã»ãã³|'''Xe''']]<br/><small>ãã»ãã³</small>
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|55<br/>[[w:ã»ã·ãŠã |'''Cs''']]<br/><small>ã»ã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|56<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Ba''']]<br/><small>ããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:red"|<small>*1</small><br/><small>ã©ã³ã¿ãã€ã</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|72<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Hf''']]<br/><small>ããããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|73<br/>[[w:ã¿ã³ã¿ã«|'''Ta''']]<br/><small>ã¿ã³ã¿ã«</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|74<br/>[[w:ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³|'''W''']]<br/><small>ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|75<br/>[[w:ã¬ããŠã |'''Re''']]<br/><small>ã¬ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|76<br/>[[w:ãªã¹ããŠã |'''Os''']]<br/><small>ãªã¹ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|77<br/>[[w:ã€ãªãžãŠã |'''Ir''']]<br/><small>ã€ãªãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|78<br/>[[w:çœé|'''Pt''']]<br/>çœé
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|79<br/>[[w:é|'''Au''']]<br/>é
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:#f33"|80<br/>[[w:æ°Žé|'''Hg''']]<br/>æ°Žé
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|81<br/>[[w:ã¿ãªãŠã |'''Tl''']]<br/>ã¿ãªãŠã
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|82<br/>[[w:é|'''Pb''']]<br/>é
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|83<br/>[[w:ãã¹ãã¹|'''Bi''']]<br/><small>ãã¹ãã¹</small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ccffff"|84<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Po''']]<br/><small>ããããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #09f 2px"|85<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¹ã¿ãã³|'''At''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã¹ã¿ãã³</small>
|style="border:solid #0f9 2px;color:#3f3"|86<br/>[[w:ã©ãã³|'''Rn''']]<br/><small>ã©ãã³</small>
|-align="center"
|style="border:solid #f90 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|87<br/>[[w:ãã©ã³ã·ãŠã |'''Fr''']]<br/><small>ãã©ã³ã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #9f0 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|88<br/>[[w:ã©ãžãŠã |'''Ra''']]<br/><small>ã©ãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff;color:red"|<small>*2</small><br/><small>ã¢ã¯ããã€ã</small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|104<br/>[[w:ã©ã¶ããŒãžãŠã |'''Rf''']]<br/><small>ã©ã¶ããŒãžãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|105<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Db''']]<br/><small>ããããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|106<br/>[[w:ã·ãŒããŒã®ãŠã |'''Sg''']]<br/><small>ã·ãŒããŒã®ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|107<br/>[[w:ããŒãªãŠã |'''Bh''']]<br/><small>ããŒãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|108<br/>[[w:ããã·ãŠã |'''Hs''']]<br/><small>ããã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|109<br/>[[w:ãã€ãããªãŠã |'''Mt''']]<br/><small>ãã€ãããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|110<br/>[[w:ããŒã ã¹ã¿ããŠã |'''Ds''']]<br/><small>ããŒã ã¹ã¿ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|111<br/>[[w:ã¬ã³ãã²ããŠã |'''Rg''']]<br/><small>ã¬ã³ãã²ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|112<br/>[[w:ã³ãã«ãã·ãŠã |'''Cn''']]<br/><small>ã³ãã«ãã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|113<br/>[[w:ããããŠã |'''Nh''']]<br/><small>ããããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|114<br/>[[w:ãã¬ãããŠã |'''Fl''']]<br/><small>ãã¬ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|115<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¹ã³ããŠã |'''Mc''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã¹ã³ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|116<br/>[[w:ãªãã¢ãªãŠã |'''Lv''']]<br/><small>ãªãã¢ãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|117<br/>[[w:ããã·ã³|'''Ts''']]<br/><small>ããã·ã³</small>
|style="border:solid #999 2px;background:#ffffcc"|118<br/>[[w:ãªã¬ããœã³|'''Og''']]<br/><small>ãªã¬ããœã³</small>
|-
|
|-align="center"
|colspan="3" align="right"|<small><span style="color:red;">*1</span> [[w:ã©ã³ã¿ãã€ã|ã©ã³ã¿ãã€ã]]: </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|57<br/>[[w:ã©ã³ã¿ã³|'''La''']]<br/><small>ã©ã³ã¿ã³</small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|58<br/>[[w:ã»ãªãŠã |'''Ce''']]<br/><small>ã»ãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|59<br/>[[w:ãã©ã»ãªãžã |'''Pr''']]<br/><small>ãã©ã»ãªãžã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|60<br/>[[w:ããªãžã |'''Nd''']]<br/><small>ããªãžã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|61<br/>[[w:ããã¡ããŠã |'''Pm''']]<br/><small>ããã¡ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|62<br/>[[w:ãµããªãŠã |'''Sm''']]<br/><small>ãµããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|63<br/>[[w:ãŠãŠãããŠã |'''Eu''']]<br/><small>ãŠãŠãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|64<br/>[[w:ã¬ããªããŠã |'''Gd''']]<br/><small>ã¬ããªããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|65<br/>[[w:ãã«ããŠã |'''Tb''']]<br/><small>ãã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|66<br/>[[w:ãžã¹ããã·ãŠã |'''Dy''']]<br/><small>ãžã¹ããã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|67<br/>[[w:ãã«ããŠã |'''Ho''']]<br/><small>ãã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|68<br/>[[w:ãšã«ããŠã |'''Er''']]<br/><small>ãšã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|69<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Tm''']]<br/><small>ããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|70<br/>[[w:ã€ããã«ããŠã |'''Yb''']]<br/><small>ã€ããã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|71<br/>[[w:ã«ãããŠã |'''Lu''']]<br/><small>ã«ãããŠã </small>
|-align="center"
|colspan="3" align="right"|<small><span style="color:red;">*2</span> [[w:ã¢ã¯ããã€ã|ã¢ã¯ããã€ã]]: </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|89<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¯ãããŠã |'''Ac''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã¯ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|90<br/>[[w:ããªãŠã |'''Th''']]<br/><small>ããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|91<br/>[[w:ãããã¢ã¯ãããŠã |'''Pa''']]<br/><small>ãããã¢ã¯ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#f0f0ff"|92<br/>[[w:ãŠã©ã³|'''U''']]<br/>ãŠã©ã³
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|93<br/>[[w:ãããããŠã |'''Np''']]<br/><small>ãããããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|94<br/>[[w:ãã«ãããŠã |'''Pu''']]<br/><small>ãã«ãããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|95<br/>[[w:ã¢ã¡ãªã·ãŠã |'''Am''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã¡ãªã·ãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|96<br/>[[w:ãã¥ãªãŠã |'''Cm''']]<br/><small>ãã¥ãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|97<br/>[[w:ããŒã¯ãªãŠã |'''Bk''']]<br/><small>ããŒã¯ãªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|98<br/>[[w:ã«ãªãã«ããŠã |'''Cf''']]<br/><small>ã«ãªãã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|99<br/>[[w:ã¢ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã€ããŠã |'''Es''']]<br/><small>ã¢ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã€ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|100<br/>[[w:ãã§ã«ããŠã |'''Fm''']]<br/><small>ãã§ã«ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|101<br/>[[w:ã¡ã³ãã¬ããŠã |'''Md''']]<br/><small>ã¡ã³ãã¬ããŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|102<br/>[[w:ããŒããªãŠã |'''No''']]<br/><small>ããŒããªãŠã </small>
|style="border:solid #00f 2px;background:#ffffcc"|103<br/>[[w:ããŒã¬ã³ã·ãŠã |'''Lr''']]<br/><small>ããŒã¬ã³ã·ãŠã </small>
|
|-
|colspan="18" align="right"|
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[[ã«ããŽãª:å
çŽ |èš]] | 2005-11-13T07:51:12Z | 2024-03-26T14:09:01Z | [
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Pathnav",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:ç¯ã¹ã¿ã",
"ãã³ãã¬ãŒã:Ruby"
] | https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7 |
2,940 | Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é | ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > Perl > Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é
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continueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãã€ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããŸãã
doãããã¯ã«whileãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããwhileã®æ¡ä»¶ãçã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã
doãããã¯ã«untilãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããuntilã®æ¡ä»¶ãåœã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã
foreachã¯forã®ã·ããã ã§ãçžäºã«çœ®æããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã äžè¡ããã°ã©ã (ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒ)ãªã©ã§ã¯ãforeachãšããŠforã䜿ãããšããã°ãã°ãããŸãã
{ ãš } ã«å²ãŸããåºæ¬ãããã¯( Basic block )ããã«ãŒãã®ç¯ã«ããã®ã¯å¥ç°ã«æãããããããŸããããPerl ã§ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã¯ã1åšããããªãã«ãŒããã§ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
doãããã¯ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãªãããããã¯ã®æåŸã®åŒã®å€ãè¿ãåŒã§ãã doãããã¯ãåŒã ãããããwhile æ修食å ã until æ修食å ãšãçµåã§ããã®ã§ã(ããæ°ã«ãªãã°ãif/until/foreachæ修食åãšãçµåã§ããŸã)ã doãããã¯ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
Perl 5.36.0 ã§ãåŸ
æã® defer ãè¿œå ãããŸããã
è²ã
ãªçšéãèããããŸãããopen ã§éãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã® close åŠçã defer ã§ç»é²ãã䜿ãæ¹ãçã£å
ã«æãã€ããŸãã
Perlã®ççå€ã®ã«ãŒã«ã¯ããé£è§£ã§ãã
å€ãã®èª¬æã§ã¯ãæ°å€ã«ããèšåããŠããŸããããä»ã«ãæ¡ä»¶åŒã§ãåœããšè©äŸ¡ãããå€ããããŸããç¹ã«æååã«ã¯æ³šæããŠãã ããã
[TODO:ç¯ãæ¹ããŠã® builtin ã®è§£èª¬]
Perlã«ã¯ãä»ã®ããã€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããççå€å®æ° true ãš false ããããŸããããconstant ãã©ã°ãã䜿ãããšã§å®çŸã§ããŸãã
次ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§æã¯ãæ修食å( Statement Modifiers )ãšããŠã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡ãè¡ãªãå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã®èª¬æãããããšæããŸãã ååºã®do-while以å€ã®ã«ãŒãæ§æãšç©ºã®ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãã®æåãå¶åŸ¡ããåçš®å®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã䜿çšåºæ¥ãŸã(doãããã¯ã§ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããå Žåãåºæ¬ãããã¯ã䜵çšããŸã)ã äŸå€ãšããŠãcontinue BLOCK äžã§ãããã®å®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽè¿ã®ã«ãŒããããã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¯èããããŸãã ã©ãã«ãæå®ããããšã§å
¥ãåã«ãªã£ãã«ãŒãã®å¶åŸ¡ãã§ããŸããçç¥ããå Žåããã£ãšãå
åŽã«ããã«ãŒããæå®ãããšã¿ãªãããŸãã
å³åº§ã«ã«ãŒãããè±åºããŸããcontinueãããã¯ã¯å®è¡ãããŸããã
æ®ãã®æãã¹ããããã次ã®å埩ã«ç§»ããŸãã ã«ãŒãæ¡ä»¶åŒã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŸããcontinueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
æ®ãã®æãã¹ãããããå埩ããããªãããŸãã ã«ãŒãæ¡ä»¶åŒã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŸãããcontinueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãè©äŸ¡ãããŸããã
continueãããã¯äžã®å¶åŸ¡ã®äŸãäžããŸãã
ãã®å Žåã®redoã¯#1ã®ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãªããçŽè¿ã®#2ãããã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¯èããããŸãã | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ããã°ã©ãã³ã° > Perl > Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é ",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®é
ç®ã§ã¯ãPerlã®å¶åŸ¡æ§é ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã",
"title": "å¶åŸ¡æ§é "
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®åå²æ§æã«ã¯ãif,unlessããããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ifæã«ãã£ãŠãããæ¡ä»¶ãã¿ãããŠããããå€å®ããå€å®ã®å
容ã«ããåäœãåãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"tag": "p",
"text": "elseã¯ããããªããã°ããšããæå³ã§ãçŽåã®ifæã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠããªãå Žåã®åŠçãæ
åœããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"tag": "p",
"text": "elseã®ãªãifã¯ãããŸãããifã®ãªãelseã¯ããããŸãã(elseç¯ã¯ifæ§æã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã®1ã€ã§ã)ã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"tag": "p",
"text": "elsif ( åŒ ) BLOCK ã¯ãelse { if ( åŒ ) BLOCK }ã®æ§æç³ã§ãã ãªããelifã§ãelseifã§ã¯ãªãelsif ã§ãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è±èªã§unlessã¯ããã...ã§ãªããã°ããšããæå³ã§ãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®unlessã¯ãEXPRãåœã®å ŽåãBLOCKãå®è¡ããŸãã",
"title": "æ¡ä»¶åå²"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æã«ã¯ãfor,while, until,do-while, do-until,foreachãšåºæ¬ãããã¯ããããŸãã forãšforeachã¯ã·ããã ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããŸãããããã§ã¯ã«ãŒãã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã䜿ã£ãC颚ã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æãforããªã¹ãã»é
åãããã·ã¥ã®èŠçŽ ã察象ã«ã€ãã¬ãŒãããæ§æãforeachãšããŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ã¯ãCã®foræ颚ã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æããããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"tag": "p",
"text": "whileæã¯ãEXPRãçã§ããéãããããã¯ãå®è¡ãç¶ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"tag": "p",
"text": "foræã®äŸãšåçã®ãã®ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸã(å³å¯ã«ã¯ $i ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããã«ãŒããæããåŸãç¶ããšãããéããŸã)ã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"tag": "p",
"text": "continueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãã€ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"tag": "p",
"text": "untilã¯ãEXPRãåœã§ããéãããããã¯ãå®è¡ãç¶ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"tag": "p",
"text": "foræã®äŸãšåçã®ãã®ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸã(å³å¯ã«ã¯ $i ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããã«ãŒããæããåŸãç¶ããšãããéããŸã)ã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"tag": "p",
"text": "continueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãã€ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"tag": "p",
"text": "doãããã¯ã«whileãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããwhileã®æ¡ä»¶ãçã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"tag": "p",
"text": "doãããã¯ã«untilãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããuntilã®æ¡ä»¶ãåœã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"tag": "p",
"text": "foreachã¯forã®ã·ããã ã§ãçžäºã«çœ®æããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã äžè¡ããã°ã©ã (ã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒ)ãªã©ã§ã¯ãforeachãšããŠforã䜿ãããšããã°ãã°ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"tag": "p",
"text": "{ ãš } ã«å²ãŸããåºæ¬ãããã¯( Basic block )ããã«ãŒãã®ç¯ã«ããã®ã¯å¥ç°ã«æãããããããŸããããPerl ã§ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã¯ã1åšããããªãã«ãŒããã§ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"tag": "p",
"text": "doãããã¯ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãªãããããã¯ã®æåŸã®åŒã®å€ãè¿ãåŒã§ãã doãããã¯ãåŒã ãããããwhile æ修食å ã until æ修食å ãšãçµåã§ããã®ã§ã(ããæ°ã«ãªãã°ãif/until/foreachæ修食åãšãçµåã§ããŸã)ã doãããã¯ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perl 5.36.0 ã§ãåŸ
æã® defer ãè¿œå ãããŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"tag": "p",
"text": "è²ã
ãªçšéãèããããŸãããopen ã§éãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã® close åŠçã defer ã§ç»é²ãã䜿ãæ¹ãçã£å
ã«æãã€ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã®ççå€ã®ã«ãŒã«ã¯ããé£è§£ã§ãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å€ãã®èª¬æã§ã¯ãæ°å€ã«ããèšåããŠããŸããããä»ã«ãæ¡ä»¶åŒã§ãåœããšè©äŸ¡ãããå€ããããŸããç¹ã«æååã«ã¯æ³šæããŠãã ããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"tag": "p",
"text": "[TODO:ç¯ãæ¹ããŠã® builtin ã®è§£èª¬]",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"tag": "p",
"text": "Perlã«ã¯ãä»ã®ããã€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããççå€å®æ° true ãš false ããããŸããããconstant ãã©ã°ãã䜿ãããšã§å®çŸã§ããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒã"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"tag": "p",
"text": "次ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§æã¯ãæ修食å( Statement Modifiers )ãšããŠã䜿çšã§ããŸãã",
"title": "æ修食å"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡ãè¡ãªãå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã®èª¬æãããããšæããŸãã ååºã®do-while以å€ã®ã«ãŒãæ§æãšç©ºã®ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãã®æåãå¶åŸ¡ããåçš®å®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã䜿çšåºæ¥ãŸã(doãããã¯ã§ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããå Žåãåºæ¬ãããã¯ã䜵çšããŸã)ã äŸå€ãšããŠãcontinue BLOCK äžã§ãããã®å®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã䜿çšããå Žåã«ã¯ãçŽè¿ã®ã«ãŒããããã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¯èããããŸãã ã©ãã«ãæå®ããããšã§å
¥ãåã«ãªã£ãã«ãŒãã®å¶åŸ¡ãã§ããŸããçç¥ããå Žåããã£ãšãå
åŽã«ããã«ãŒããæå®ãããšã¿ãªãããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"tag": "p",
"text": "å³åº§ã«ã«ãŒãããè±åºããŸããcontinueãããã¯ã¯å®è¡ãããŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ®ãã®æãã¹ããããã次ã®å埩ã«ç§»ããŸãã ã«ãŒãæ¡ä»¶åŒã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŸããcontinueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãè©äŸ¡ãããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"tag": "p",
"text": "æ®ãã®æãã¹ãããããå埩ããããªãããŸãã ã«ãŒãæ¡ä»¶åŒã¯è©äŸ¡ãããŸãããcontinueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãè©äŸ¡ãããŸããã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"tag": "p",
"text": "continueãããã¯äžã®å¶åŸ¡ã®äŸãäžããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"tag": "p",
"text": "ãã®å Žåã®redoã¯#1ã®ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãªããçŽè¿ã®#2ãããã¯ãå¶åŸ¡ããæ¯èããããŸãã",
"title": "ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ"
}
] | ããã°ã©ãã³ã°Â > Perl > Perl/å¶åŸ¡æ§é | <noinclude>
{{Nav}}
{{pathnav|ããã°ã©ãã³ã°|Perl}}
== å¶åŸ¡æ§é ==
</noinclude>
<includeonly>
= å¶åŸ¡æ§é =
{{å
é ã«æ»ã}}
</includeonly>
ãã®é
ç®ã§ã¯ãPerlã®å¶åŸ¡æ§é ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
: 以äžã®æ§æ説æã§ã¯ãEXPRã¯åŒãBLOCKã¯ã³ãŒããããã¯ãVARã¯å€æ°ãLISTã¯ãªã¹ããLABELã¯ã©ãã«ã瀺ããŸãã
: è§æ¬åŒ§ [ ] ã§å²ãŸãããã®ã¯çç¥å¯èœã§ãã
: æ³¢æ¬åŒ§ { } ã§å²ãŸãããã®ã¯0å以äžã®ç¹°è¿ããå¯èœã§ãã
== æ¡ä»¶åå² ==
Perlã®åå²æ§æã«ã¯ã[[#if|if]],[[#unless|unless]]ããããŸãã
:ãã€ãŠ given/when/default æ§æã®å®éšçå®è£
ããããŸããããPerl6ïŒçŸåšã®RakuïŒã®ãã¹ããããã«äœ¿ã£ãã ããããã幟ã€ãã®ãã°ãçºèŠãããPerl-5.24 ã§ã¯ã¬ãã·ã«ã«ãª $_ ã®ä»æ§ããã£ã³ã»ã«ããããªã©ãèšèªã³ã¢ã«ãåã蟌ãŸããŠããªãã®ã§ãããã§ã¯æ±ããŸããã
=== if ===
ifæã«ãã£ãŠãããæ¡ä»¶ãã¿ãããŠããããå€å®ããå€å®ã®å
容ã«ããåäœãåãæ¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/6piOAvS2y7b7IdKQxzU85w?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
if ($x > 1) { say '$xã®å€ã¯1ãã倧ãã'; }
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$xã®å€ã¯1ãã倧ãã
</syntaxhighlight>
:äžèšã®äŸã®å Žåãå€æ° $x ã 1 ãã倧ãããã©ããã®åºå¥ãå€å®ããŠããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/6UG7P5DLG9viFe8eg8Qp5w?language=perl è€æ°è¡ã®äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
if ($x > 1) {
say '$xã®å€ã¯1ãã倧ãã';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:ã®ããã«æ¹è¡ããŠæžããŠããæ§ããŸããã
=== else ===
elseã¯ããããªããã°ããšããæå³ã§ãçŽåã®ifæã®æ¡ä»¶ãæºããããŠããªãå Žåã®åŠçãæ
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elseã®ãªãifã¯ãããŸãããifã®ãªãelseã¯ããããŸããïŒelseç¯ã¯ifæ§æã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã®ïŒã€ã§ãïŒã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/56olWLNhsHzEtfh2kKdrFQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight=8>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
if ($x > 9) {
say '$xã®å€ã¯9ãã倧ãã';
} else {
say '$xã®å€ã¯9以äž';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$xã®å€ã¯9以äž
</syntaxhighlight>
=== elsif ===
<code>elsif ( åŒ ) BLOCK</code> ã¯ã<code>else { if ( åŒ ) BLOCK }</code>ã®æ§æç³ã§ãã
ãªãã<code>elif</code>ã§ã<code>elseif</code>ã§ã¯ãªã<code>elsif</code> ã§ãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/MxhZKvYenI_bRHeU8rpk8A?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight=8>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 2;
if ($x > 3) {
say '$xã¯3ãã倧ãã';
} elsif ($x > 1) {
say '$xã¯4ãã倧ãã';
} else {
say '$xã¯1以äž';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$xã®å€ã¯4ãã倧ãã
</syntaxhighlight>
:å
è¡ããifã®æ¡ä»¶ãæç«ãããelsifã®æ¡ä»¶åŒãæç«ããŠããã®ã§elsifã® BLOCK ãå®è¡ãããŸã(ãããŠelseã®BLOCKã¯å®è¡ãããŸããïŒã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/I6x3PBpM65PbxBhfXUj3Lw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl line highlight=8>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
if ($x > 3) {
say '$xã®å€ã¯3ãã倧ãã';
} elsif ($x > 4) {
say '$xã®å€ã¯4ãã倧ãã';
} else {
say '$xã®å€ã¯1以äž';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$xã®å€ã¯3ãã倧ãã
</syntaxhighlight>
:å
è¡ããifã®æ¡ä»¶ãããŠããã®ifã®BLOCKãå®è¡ãããelsifã®æ¡ä»¶åŒã®æåŠã«ãããããelsifã® BLOCK ã¯å®è¡ãããŸãã(ãããŠelseã®BLOCKãå®è¡ãããŸããïŒã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
if ( EXPR ) BLOCK { elseif (EXPR) BLOCK }* [ else BLOCK ]
</syntaxhighlight>
=== unless ===
è±èªã§unlessã¯ãããâŠã§ãªããã°ããšããæå³ã§ãã
Perlã®unlessã¯ãEXPRã'''åœ'''ã®å ŽåãBLOCKãå®è¡ããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/8dDFQy40Q7sNRj8XN5cX_w?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = 5;
unless ($x <= 1) { say '$xã®å€ã¯1以äžã§ãªã'; }
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
$xã®å€ã¯1以äžã§ãªã
</syntaxhighlight>
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
unless ( EXPR ) BLOCK { elsif (EXPR) BLOCK }* [ else BLOCK ]
</syntaxhighlight>
: unless ã«ãä»»æåã®elsifç¯ãšä»»æã®elseç¯ãåŸç¶å¯èœã§ãã
:: else if â elsif ã®ãããªãelse unless â elsunless ã¯'''ãããŸãã'''ã
== ã«ãŒã ==
Perlã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æã«ã¯ã[[#for|for]],[[#while, until|while, until]],[[#do-while, do-until|do-while, do-until]],[[#foreach|foreach]]ãš[[#åºæ¬ãããã¯|åºæ¬ãããã¯]]ããããŸãã
forãšforeachã¯ã·ããã ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãããŸãããããã§ã¯ã«ãŒãã«ãŠã³ã¿ãŒã䜿ã£ãC颚ã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æã[[#for|for]]ããªã¹ãã»é
åãããã·ã¥ã®èŠçŽ ã察象ã«ã€ãã¬ãŒãããæ§æã[[#foreach|foreach]]ãšããŸããã
=== for ===
Perlã«ã¯ãCã®foræ颚ã®ç¹°è¿ãæ§æããããŸãã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/uNiY129xVRqm9qvZEaRGag?language=perl ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
for (my $i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
say "Hello $i"
}
# say $i; # $i ã®ã¹ã³ãŒã㯠for ã«ãŒãå
ãªã®ã§ããã§åç
§ãããšãã°ããŒãã«å€æ° $i ã®åç
§ã«ãªããŸãã</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
</syntaxhighlight>
# my $i = 0ãè©äŸ¡ãããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã«ãŒãå€æ°$iãåæåãããŸãã
# $i < 5ãè©äŸ¡ãããŸããçã§ããã° BLOCK ãå®è¡ãããæååãåºåãããŸããåœã§ããã°ãã®æç¹ã§ã«ãŒããçµäºããŸãã
# $i++ãè©äŸ¡ããã$iã®å€ã1å¢å ããŸãã
#: 2ãš3ãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
[ LABEL ] for ( [ EXPR ]; [ EXPR ]; [ EXPR ] ) BLOCK
</syntaxhighlight>
: ã«ãã³ã®äžã«3ã€ã®åŒãã³ã³ãã§åºåã£ãŠèšè¿°ããŸããããããçç¥å¯èœã§ãã
: æåã®EXPRã¯åæååŒã§ããã«ãŒãã®éå§æã«1åã ãè©äŸ¡ãããŸããäž»ã«ã«ãŒãå€æ°ã®åæåã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
:: ãã㧠my 宣èšãããã¬ãã·ã«ã«ã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã«ãŒãå€æ°ã®ã¹ã³ãŒãã¯forã«ãŒãã®äžã§ãã
: 次ã®EXPRã¯æ¡ä»¶åŒã§ããBLOCKãå®è¡ãããåã«æ¯åè©äŸ¡ãããåœãšãªã£ãæç¹ã§ã«ãŒãã¯çµäºããŸãã
:: ''ãã®åŒãæåããåœã ã£ãå ŽåãBLOCKã¯1åãå®è¡ãããŸããã''ïŒåæååŒã¯å®è¡ãããŸãïŒ
:: æ¡ä»¶åŒãçç¥ããå Žåãçãä»®å®ããç¡éã«ãŒããšãªããŸãã
: æåŸã®EXPRã¯ç¶ç¶åŒã§ããBLOCKãå®è¡ãããåŸã«æ¯åè©äŸ¡ãããŸããäž»ã«ã«ãŒãå€æ°ãå€åãããã®ã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
=== while ===
whileæã¯ãEXPRã'''ç'''ã§ããéãããããã¯ãå®è¡ãç¶ããŸãã
[[#for|for]]æã®äŸãšåçã®ãã®ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãïŒå³å¯ã«ã¯ $i ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããã«ãŒããæããåŸãç¶ããšãããéããŸãïŒã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/oBw37zOlIRLcFXzY7L1paQ?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 0;
while ($i < 5) {
say "Hello $i";
$i++;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=== while w/ continue BLOCK ===
continueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãã€ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããŸãã
;äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 0;
while ($i < 5) {
say "Hello $i";
}
continue {
$i++;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
</syntaxhighlight>
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
[ LABEL ] while ( EXPR ) BLOCK [ continue BLOCK ]
</syntaxhighlight>
:whileã¯ãEXPRãçã§ããéBLOCKãç¹°ãè¿ãå®è¡ããŸãã
=== until ===
untilã¯ãEXPRã'''åœ'''ã§ããéãããããã¯ãå®è¡ãç¶ããŸãã
[[#for|for]]æã®äŸãšåçã®ãã®ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãïŒå³å¯ã«ã¯ $i ã®ã¹ã³ãŒããã«ãŒããæããåŸãç¶ããšãããéããŸãïŒã
;äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 0;
until($i >= 5) {
say "Hello $i";
$i++;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
</syntaxhighlight>
=== until w/ continue BLOCK ===
continueãããã¯ãforæã®ç¶ç¶åŒãã€ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããŸãã
;äŸ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 0;
until ($i => 5) {
say "Hello $i";
}
continue {
$i++;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
</syntaxhighlight>
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
[ LABEL ] until ( EXPR ) BLOCK [ continue BLOCK ]
</syntaxhighlight>
:untilã¯ãEXPRãåœã§ããéBLOCKãç¹°ãè¿ãå®è¡ããŸãã
:ã€ãŸãã while ( EXPR ) 㯠until ( ''!'' EXPR ) ãšç䟡ã§ãã
=== do-while ===
doãããã¯ã«whileãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããwhileã®æ¡ä»¶ãçã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
do BLOCK while ( EXPR ) ;
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/raWcnkYhPXCDVQJVZ9wg8w?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 4;
do {
say $i;
} while ($i--);
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
4
3
2
1
0
</syntaxhighlight>
: äžã«æ§æãšæžããŸããããå®é㯠<code>EXPR1 while EXPR2</code> ã® EXPR1 ã <code>do BLOCK</code> ã«ãªã£ãè€åæ§æã§ãã
=== do-until ===
doãããã¯ã«untilãåŸçœ®ãããå Žåã¯ããŸãdoãããã¯ãäžåºŠå®è¡ãããŠãããuntilã®æ¡ä»¶ãåœã§ããéç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
doãããã¯ã¯ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãåŸè¿°ããå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æãçšããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããLABELãä»ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
do BLOCK until ( EXPR ) ;
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/vzTBfzbvBiHUZ3R89hdcKw?language=perl äŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $i = 4;
do {
say $i;
} until ($i-- <= 0);
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
4
3
2
1
0
</syntaxhighlight>
: äžã«æ§æãšæžããŸããããå®é㯠<code>EXPR1 while EXPR2</code> ã® EXPR1 ã <code>do BLOCK</code> ã«ãªã£ãè€åæ§æã§ãã
=== foreach ===
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
[ LABEL ] foreach [ VAR ] ( LIST ) BLOCK [ continue BLOCK ]
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãªã¹ãã®å€ãé çªã«VARã«ä»£å
¥ããBLOCKãå®è¡ããŸãã
: VARã¯ã«ãŒãå
ã®localå€æ°ãšã¿ãªãããã®ã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®ä»ã®å Žæã§äœ¿çšããŠããŠãåé¡ãããŸããã
: VARãçç¥ããå Žåãlocalå€æ°ã®$_ã䜿ãããŸãã
: ã«ãŒãå
ãã¹ã³ãŒããšããmyå€æ°ã䜿çšãããå Žåã次ã®ããã«ããŸã:
:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
foreach my $i ( 0..4 ) { say "Hello $i"; }
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãããforæã®äŸãšåçã§ãããwhileæãuntilæã®äŸãšåæ§ã«å³å¯ã«ã¯ç䟡ã§ã¯ãããŸããã
:foreachã«ãcontinueãããã¯ãèšããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã
==== foreachã¯forã®ã·ããã ====
foreachã¯forã®ã·ããã ã§ãçžäºã«çœ®æããããšãåºæ¥ãŸãã
äžè¡ããã°ã©ã ïŒã¯ã³ã©ã€ããŒïŒãªã©ã§ã¯ãforeachãšããŠforã䜿ãããšããã°ãã°ãããŸãã
=== åºæ¬ããã㯠===
<code>{</code> ãš <code>}</code> ã«å²ãŸããåºæ¬ãããã¯( ''Basic block'' )ãã[[#ã«ãŒã|ã«ãŒã]]ã®ç¯ã«ããã®ã¯å¥ç°ã«æãããããããŸããããPerl ã§ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã¯ãïŒåšããããªãã«ãŒããã§ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
==== doããã㯠====
doãããã¯ã¯åºæ¬ãããã¯ã§ã¯ãªãããããã¯ã®æåŸã®åŒã®å€ãè¿ãåŒã§ãã
doãããã¯ãåŒã ãããããwhile [[#æ修食å|æ修食å]] ã until [[#æ修食å|æ修食å]] ãšãçµåã§ããã®ã§ãïŒããæ°ã«ãªãã°ãif/until/foreach[[#æ修食å|æ修食å]]ãšãçµåã§ããŸãïŒã
doãããã¯ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æã䜿ãããšã¯ã§ããŸããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/uOKdKk2oOzY-ZCaZf6Fskw?language=perl doãããã¯ã¯åŒ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use v5.12;
use warnings;
my $x = do { my $i = 100; $i+100 };
say $x
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
200
</syntaxhighlight>
;do ãš next ã®çµåãã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
do {{
next if $x == $y;
...
}} until $x++ > 0;
</syntaxhighlight>
: doãããã¯ã® {} ã®å
åŽã«ãåºæ¬ãããã¯ã® {} ãå
¥ããŸãã
;do ãš last ã®çµåãã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
{
do {
last if $x == $y;
...
} while $x++ <= 0
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: doãããã¯ã® {} ã®å€åŽããåºæ¬ãããã¯ã® {} ã§å²ã¿ãŸãã
=== defer ===
Perl 5.36.0 ã§ãåŸ
æã® defer ãè¿œå ãããŸããã
;deferã§ç»é²ããããããã¯ã¯ãã¹ã³ãŒããæãããšãã«å®è¡ãããŸã:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use v5.36.0;
use feature 'defer';
no warnings "experimental::defer";
say "Befor";
{
defer{ say "One" }
defer{ say "Two" }
defer{ say "Three" }
say "Done!"
}
say "After";
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
Befor
Done!
Three
Two
One
After
</syntaxhighlight>
: ãããã¯ã¯ãç»é²ããéé ã«å®è¡ãããŸãã
è²ã
ãªçšéãèããããŸãããopen ã§éãããã¡ã€ã«ãã³ãã«ã® close åŠçã defer ã§ç»é²ãã䜿ãæ¹ãçã£å
ã«æãã€ããŸãã
=== ççå€ ===
Perlã®ççå€ã®ã«ãŒã«ã¯ããé£è§£ã§ãã
;æ°å€:0ã¯åœããã以å€ã¯çã
;æåå:""ïŒç©ºæååïŒãããã¯"0"ïŒæ°å€0ã«æé»å€æãããïŒã¯åœããã以å€ã¯çã
;ãªã¹ã:()ïŒç©ºãªã¹ãïŒã¯åœããã以å€ã¯çïŒããã¯ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ã圱é¿ãããã¹ã«ã©ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ãªã¹ããæž¡ããšèŠçŽ æ°ã«ãªãèŠçŽ ãŒãã®å Žåãæ°å€0ãšè©äŸ¡ããåœãšãªããŸãïŒã
;ããã·ã¥:èŠçŽ æ°ãŒãã®ããã·ã¥ã¯åœããã以å€ã¯çïŒããã¯ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ã圱é¿ãããã¹ã«ã©ã³ã³ããã¹ãã«ããã·ã¥ãæž¡ããšèŠçŽ æ°ã«ãªãèŠçŽ ãŒãã®å Žåãæ°å€0ãšè©äŸ¡ããåœãšãªããŸãïŒã
;undef:åœ
å€ãã®èª¬æã§ã¯ãæ°å€ã«ããèšåããŠããŸããããä»ã«ãæ¡ä»¶åŒã§ãåœããšè©äŸ¡ãããå€ããããŸããç¹ã«æååã«ã¯æ³šæããŠãã ããã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/iHPvizrYCgiU7OGEblnqMg?language=perl Perlã®ã³ãŒãäŸ]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $x = 1;
if ($x) {
print $x . 'ã¯ç';
} else {
print $x . 'ã¯åœ';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
1ã¯ç
</syntaxhighlight>
;[https://paiza.io/projects/1Uvsp06z6snskIqWPPNySw?language=perl 0ã®ççå€]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my $x = 0;
if ($x) {
print $x . 'ã¯ç';
} else {
print $x . 'ã¯åœ';
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0ã¯åœ
</syntaxhighlight>
;''[https://paiza.io/projects/ihWh2eRbTWrtEdV7rVjUhw?language=perl ïŒç©ºæååïŒãâ0âãåœ]'':<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
my @ary = (0, 1, 2, 3, '', "0", " ", "1", "2", (), (1), undef);
foreach my $x(@ary) {
if ($x) {
print "($x)ã¯ç ";
} else {
print "($x)ã¯åœ ";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
(0)ã¯åœ (1)ã¯ç (2)ã¯ç (3)ã¯ç ()ã¯åœ (0)ã¯åœ ( )ã¯ç (1)ã¯ç (2)ã¯ç (1)ã¯ç ()ã¯åœ
</syntaxhighlight>
=== constant ãã©ã°ãã䜿ã£ãççå€å®æ°ã®å®çŸ© ===
; Perl 5.36.0 ãã㯠<code>use builtin qw(true false)</code> ã§ãççå€å®æ° true ãš false ãå®çŸ©ãããã®ã§ãconstant ãã©ã°ãã䜿ã£ãççå€å®æ°ã®å®çŸ©ã¯ Obsolate ã«ãªããŸããããŸãã<code>builtin::is_bool()</code> ã 5.36.0 ã§è¿œå ãããŸããã
[TODO:ç¯ãæ¹ããŠã® builtin ã®è§£èª¬]
Perlã«ã¯ãä»ã®ããã€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããççå€å®æ° true ãš false ããããŸããããconstant ãã©ã°ãã䜿ãããšã§å®çŸã§ããŸã<ref>[https://perldoc.perl.org/constant constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
]</ref>ã
;[https://paiza.io/projects/EM7HVBT8AT-SRENk9s8O8A?language=perl constant ãã©ã°ããå©çš]:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
use constant {
false => 0 != 0,
true => 0 == 0
};
my @ary = (false, true);
foreach my $a(@ary){
if ( $a ) {
print "($a)ã¯ç ";
} else {
print "($a)ã¯åœ ";
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
()ã¯åœ (1)ã¯ç
</syntaxhighlight>
: <code>0 != 0</code> ã 0 ã§ã¯ãªã ââ ãšããã®ã¯æå€ã§ããã
== æ修食å ==
次ã®å¶åŸ¡æ§æã¯ãæ修食å( ''Statement Modifiers'' )ãšããŠã䜿çšã§ããŸã<ref>[https://perldoc.perl.org/perlsyn#Statement-Modifiers Statement Modifiers]</ref>ã
;æ§æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
EXPR if EXPR
EXPR unless EXPR
EXPR while EXPR
EXPR until EXPR
EXPR foreach [ VAR ] LIST
</syntaxhighlight>
: äžæã®ã¿ã®ããç°¡åãªå¶åŸ¡ã®å Žåã¯ãã¡ãã®ã»ããç°¡æœã§ãè±æã®ãããªèŠãç®ã«ãªããŸãã
: 修食åãåŸã«ãªã£ãã»ããæ¡ä»¶åŒãå²ãæ¬åŒ§ ( ) ãäžèŠãªã©ã®å·®ç°ããããŸãã
: Perlã®ïŒæ修食åã§ãªãïŒå¶åŸ¡æ§æã«ã¯ { } ãå¿
é ãªã®ã§ãããæ修食åã§ã¯éã«äœ¿çšäžå¯ã§ãã
:: Cã«ãªãã人ã«ã¯ãåæã»è€æã®é¢ä¿ã«ã¿ããŸãããPerlã®æ§æã¯ãæ:=åæ | è€æ ã§ã¯ãªãå¶åŸ¡æ§æããšã«ãããã¯ãèŠæ±ãããåŒãèŠæ±ãããããŸãã
;æ¡ä»¶æ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print "Good morning.\n" if 6 <= $hour and $hour < 12;
</syntaxhighlight>
;ç¹°è¿ãæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=perl>
print "@{[$i++]} " while $i < 10;
print "<$_> " foreach qw(abc def xyz);
print "\n----\n";
$i = 0;
while ($i < 10) {
print "@{[$i++]} "
}
foreach (qw(abc def xyz)) {
print "<$_> ";
}
</syntaxhighlight>
;å®è¡çµæ:<syntaxhighlight lang=text>
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <abc> <def> <xyz>
----
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <abc> <def> <xyz>
</syntaxhighlight>
== ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡æ ==
{{Anchors|å®è¡å¶åŸ¡æ}}
ã«ãŒãå¶åŸ¡ãè¡ãªãå®è¡å¶åŸ¡æã®èª¬æãããããšæããŸãã
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[[Category:Perl|ãããããããã]]
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ã«åºæ¬çãªææ³åé¡ãå
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çã«åãçµããšããã ãã ããåè¿°ã®ããã«ããã®ååŸã¯ãé£ãã幎ããã£ããèªãåãåãããŠããã®ã¯ãæããã§ããã",
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¥è©Šå¯Ÿçéèªãªã©ãåèã«ãããšè¯ãã ããã",
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ã«åããªããã°ãªããªããããããªãã®èŠçŽåãåããããäžæžããå¿
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"text": "(75å)æ°åŠã¯éäžåŒãèŠæ±ãããããå°æŽå
¬æ°ã¯ãè«è¿°åé¡ããªããèšå·éžæåé¡ãšãèšè¿°åé¡ãšãªã£ãŠããã",
"title": "åå¥åŠéšæ¥çš"
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šéšã§60åååŸãèšè¿°åŒã®å²åãé«ãæ§æãšãªã£ãŠãããè¯åãå€ãã倧åãæç§æžã¬ãã«ããã®åºé¡ããã£ãããšåºç€ãæŒãããåžè²©ã®çšèªéçšåºŠã®çšèªãŸã§åŠç¿ããŠããã°7å²ã»ã©ã¯åŸç¹ã§ããã ããããã ã解çã®åèªèªäœã¯æšæºçã§ããããèšåãé£ãããç¹ã«2009幎ããã¯æ¿æ²»å²ã¯ãã¡ãããæåå²ãå²æåé¡ãã¯ããé£åãç®ç«ã¡å§ãã8å²ãè¶
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"title": "åå¥åŠéšæ¥çš"
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£ããå¿
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