formal/mizar/analmetr.miz

:: Analytical Metric Affine Spaces and Planes
::  by Henryk Oryszczyszyn and Krzysztof Pra\.zmowski

environ

 vocabularies NUMBERS, RLVECT_1, REAL_1, RELAT_1, ARYTM_3, ARYTM_1, CARD_1,
      SUPINF_2, ANALOAF, DIRAF, ZFMISC_1, STRUCT_0, SUBSET_1, XBOOLE_0,
      SYMSP_1, INCSP_1, AFF_1, ANALMETR;
 notations TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, DOMAIN_1, ORDINAL1, XXREAL_0,
      XCMPLX_0, XREAL_0, REAL_1, NUMBERS, STRUCT_0, DIRAF, RELSET_1, RLVECT_1,
      AFF_1, ANALOAF;
 constructors DOMAIN_1, XXREAL_0, REAL_1, MEMBERED, AFF_1;
 registrations SUBSET_1, RELSET_1, XXREAL_0, STRUCT_0, ANALOAF, DIRAF, XREAL_0,
      ORDINAL1;
 requirements REAL, NUMERALS, SUBSET, BOOLE, ARITHM;
 definitions STRUCT_0;
 equalities RLVECT_1;
 theorems RLVECT_1, RELAT_1, AFF_1, FUNCSDOM, DIRAF, ANALOAF, TARSKI, XCMPLX_0,
      XCMPLX_1, XREAL_1, XTUPLE_0;
 schemes RELSET_1, SUBSET_1;

begin

reserve V for RealLinearSpace;
reserve u,u1,u2,v,v1,v2,w,w1,y for VECTOR of V;
reserve a,a1,a2,b,b1,b2,c1,c2 for Real;
reserve x,z for set;

Lm1: v1 = b1*w + b2*y & v2 = c1*w + c2*y implies v1 + v2 = (b1 + c1)*w + (b2 +
c2)*y & v1 - v2 = (b1 - c1)*w + (b2 - c2)*y
proof
  assume
A1: v1 = b1*w + b2*y & v2 = c1*w + c2*y;
  hence v1 + v2 = ((b1*w + b2*y) + c1*w) + c2*y by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= ((b1*w + c1*w) + b2*y) + c2*y by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= ((b1 + c1)*w + b2*y) + c2*y by RLVECT_1:def 6
    .= (b1 + c1)*w + (b2*y + c2*y) by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= (b1 + c1)*w + (b2 + c2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 6;
  thus v1 - v2 = (b1*w + b2*y)+(-(c1*w) + -(c2*y)) by A1,RLVECT_1:31
    .= (b1*w + b2*y)+(c1*(-w) + -(c2*y)) by RLVECT_1:25
    .= (b1*w + b2*y)+(c1*(-w) + c2*(-y)) by RLVECT_1:25
    .= (b1*w + b2*y)+((-c1)*w + c2*(-y)) by RLVECT_1:24
    .= (b1*w + b2*y)+((-c1)*w + (-c2)*y) by RLVECT_1:24
    .= ((b1*w + b2*y) + (-c1)*w) + (-c2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= ((b1*w + (-c1)*w) + b2*y) + (-c2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= ((b1 + (-c1))*w + b2*y) + (-c2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 6
    .= (b1 + (-c1))*w + (b2*y + (-c2)*y) by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= (b1 - c1)*w + (b2 + (-c2))*y by RLVECT_1:def 6
    .= (b1 - c1)*w + (b2 - c2)*y;
end;

Lm2: for w,y holds 0*w + 0*y = 0.V
proof
  let w,y;
  thus 0*w + 0*y = 0.V + 0*y by RLVECT_1:10
    .=0.V + 0.V by RLVECT_1:10
    .= 0.V by RLVECT_1:4;
end;

Lm3: v = b1*w + b2*y implies a*v = (a*b1)*w + (a*b2)*y
proof
  assume v= b1*w + b2*y;
  hence a*v = a*(b1*w) + a*(b2*y) by RLVECT_1:def 5
    .= (a*b1)*w + a*(b2*y) by RLVECT_1:def 7
    .= (a*b1)*w + (a*b2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 7;
end;

definition
  let V;
  let w,y;
  pred Gen w,y means
  :Def1:
  (for u ex a1,a2 st u = a1*w + a2*y) &
  for a1,a2 st a1*w + a2*y = 0.V holds a1=0 & a2=0;
end;

definition
  let V;
  let u,v,w,y;
  pred u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y means
  :Def2:
  ex a1,a2,b1,b2 st u = a1*w + a2*y & v = b1*w + b2*y & a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0;
end;

Lm4: Gen w,y & a1*w + a2*y = b1*w + b2*y implies a1=b1 & a2=b2
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: a1*w+a2*y=b1*w+b2*y;
  0.V = (a1*w+a2*y)-(b1*w+b2*y) by A2,RLVECT_1:15
    .= (a1-b1)*w+(a2-b2)*y by Lm1;
  then -b1 + a1 =0 & -b2 + a2 = 0 by A1;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem Th1:
  for w,y st Gen w,y holds (u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y iff for a1,a2,b1,b2
  st u = a1*w + a2*y & v = b1*w + b2*y holds a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0 )
proof
  let w,y such that
A1: Gen w,y;
  hereby
    assume u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
    then consider a1,a2,b1,b2 such that
A2: u = a1*w + a2*y and
A3: v = b1*w + b2*y and
A4: a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0;
    let a19,a29,b19,b29 be Real;
    assume that
A5: u = a19*w + a29*y and
A6: v = b19*w + b29*y;
A7: b1=b19 by A1,A3,A6,Lm4;
    a1=a19 & a2=a29 by A1,A2,A5,Lm4;
    hence 0 = a19*b19 + a29*b29 by A1,A3,A4,A6,A7,Lm4;
  end;
  consider a1,a2 such that
A8: u = a1*w + a2*y by A1;
  consider b1,b2 such that
A9: v = b1*w + b2*y by A1;
  assume
  for a1,a2,b1,b2 st u = a1*w + a2*y & v = b1*w + b2*y holds a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0;
  then a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0 by A8,A9;
  hence thesis by A8,A9;
end;

Lm5: Gen w,y implies w<>0.V & y<>0.V
proof
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  thus w<>0.V
  proof
    assume w=0.V;
    then 0.V = 1*w by RLVECT_1:def 8
      .= 1*w + 0.V by RLVECT_1:4
      .= 1*w + 0*y by RLVECT_1:10;
    hence contradiction by A1;
  end;
  thus y<>0.V
  proof
    assume y=0.V;
    then 0.V = 1*y by RLVECT_1:def 8
      .= 0.V + 1*y by RLVECT_1:4
      .= 0*w + 1*y by RLVECT_1:10;
    hence contradiction by A1;
  end;
end;

theorem
  w,y are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
A1: y = 0.V + y by RLVECT_1:4
    .= 0.V + 1*y by RLVECT_1:def 8
    .= 0*w + 1*y by RLVECT_1:10;
A2: 1*0 + 0*1 = 0;
  w = w + 0.V by RLVECT_1:4
    .= 1*w + 0.V by RLVECT_1:def 8
    .= 1*w + 0*y by RLVECT_1:10;
  hence thesis by A1,A2;
end;

theorem Th3:
  ex V st ex w,y st Gen w,y by Def1,FUNCSDOM:23;

theorem
  u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y implies v,u are_Ort_wrt w,y;

theorem Th5:
  Gen w,y implies for u,v holds u,0.V are_Ort_wrt w,y & 0.V,v are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  let u,v;
  consider a1,a2 such that
A2: u = a1*w + a2*y by A1;
  consider b1,b2 such that
A3: v = b1*w + b2*y by A1;
A4: 0.V = 0.V + 0.V by RLVECT_1:4
    .= 0*w + 0.V by RLVECT_1:10
    .= 0*w + 0*y by RLVECT_1:10;
  a1*0 + a2*0 = 0;
  hence u,0.V are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2,A4;
  0*b1 + 0*b2 = 0;
  hence thesis by A3,A4;
end;

theorem Th6:
  u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y implies a*u,b*v are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
  assume u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then consider a1,a2,b1,b2 such that
A1: u = a1*w + a2*y and
A2: v = b1*w + b2*y and
A3: a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0;
A4: b*v = b*(b1*w) + b*(b2*y) by A2,RLVECT_1:def 5
    .= (b*b1)*w + b*(b2*y) by RLVECT_1:def 7
    .= (b*b1)*w + (b*b2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 7;
A5: (a*a1)*(b*b1) + (a*a2)*(b*b2) = b*a*(a1*b1 + a2*b2) .= 0 by A3;
  a*u = a*(a1*w) + a*(a2*y) by A1,RLVECT_1:def 5
    .= (a*a1)*w + a*(a2*y) by RLVECT_1:def 7
    .= (a*a1)*w + (a*a2)*y by RLVECT_1:def 7;
  hence thesis by A4,A5;
end;

theorem Th7:
  u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y implies a*u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y & u,b*v are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
A1: v = 1*v & u = 1*u by RLVECT_1:def 8;
  assume u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  hence thesis by A1,Th6;
end;

theorem Th8:
  Gen w,y implies for u ex v st u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y & v<>0.V
proof
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  let u;
  consider a1,a2 such that
A2: u = a1*w + a2*y by A1;
A3: now
    set v = a2*w + (-a1)*y;
    assume
A4: u<>0.V;
    take v;
    a1*a2 + a2*(-a1) = 0;
    hence u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2;
    v<>0.V
    proof
      assume v=0.V;
      then a2 = 0 & -a1 = 0 by A1;
      then u = 0*w + 0.V by A2,RLVECT_1:10
        .= 0*w by RLVECT_1:4
        .= 0.V by RLVECT_1:10;
      hence contradiction by A4;
    end;
    hence v<>0.V;
  end;
  now
    assume
A5: u = 0.V;
    take v=w;
    thus u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,A5,Th5;
    thus v<>0.V by A1,Lm5;
  end;
  hence thesis by A3;
end;

theorem Th9:
  Gen w,y & v,u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y & v,u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y & v<>0.V
  implies ex a,b st a*u1 = b*u2 & (a<>0 or b<>0)
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: v,u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A3: v,u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A4: v<>0.V;
  consider a1,a2,b1,b2 such that
A5: v = a1*w + a2*y and
A6: u1 = b1*w + b2*y and
A7: a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0 by A2;
  consider a19,a29,c1,c2 being Real such that
A8: v = a19*w + a29*y and
A9: u2 = c1*w + c2*y and
A10: a19*c1 + a29*c2 = 0 by A3;
A11: a2 = a29 by A1,A5,A8,Lm4;
A12: a1 = a19 by A1,A5,A8,Lm4;
A13: now
    assume
A14: a1=0;
    then
A15: a2<>0 by A4,A5,Lm2;
    then c2 = 0 by A10,A12,A11,A14,XCMPLX_1:6;
    then u2 = c1*w + 0.V by A9,RLVECT_1:10;
    then
A16: u2 = c1*w by RLVECT_1:4;
    b2 = 0 by A7,A14,A15,XCMPLX_1:6;
    then
A17: u1 = b1*w + 0.V by A6,RLVECT_1:10;
    then
A18: u1 = b1*w by RLVECT_1:4;
A19: now
      assume b1=0;
      then 1*u1 = 0*w by A18,RLVECT_1:def 8
        .= 0.V by RLVECT_1:10
        .= 0*u2 by RLVECT_1:10;
      hence thesis;
    end;
    c1*u1 = c1*(b1*w) by A17,RLVECT_1:4
      .= (b1*c1)*w by RLVECT_1:def 7
      .= b1*u2 by A16,RLVECT_1:def 7;
    hence thesis by A19;
  end;
  now
A20: c2*(((-a2)*b2)*a1") = b2*(((-a2)*c2)*a1");
    assume
A21: a1<>0;
A22: b1 = 1*b1 .= (a1*a1")*b1 by A21,XCMPLX_0:def 7
      .= (a1*b1)*a1"
      .= ((-a2)*b2)*a1" by A7;
A23: c1 = 1*c1 .= (a1*a1")*c1 by A21,XCMPLX_0:def 7
      .= (a1*c1)*a1"
      .= ((-a2)*c2)*a1" by A1,A5,A8,A10,A11,Lm4;
    then
A24: b2*u2 = (b2*(((-a2)*c2)*a1"))*w + (b2*c2)*y by A9,Lm3;
A25: now
      assume
A26:  c2<>0 or b2<>0;
      take a=c2,b=b2;
      thus a*u1 = b*u2 & (a<>0 or b<>0) by A6,A22,A24,A20,A26,Lm3;
    end;
    now
      assume b2=0 & c2=0;
      then 1*u1 = 1*u2 by A6,A9,A22,A23;
      hence thesis;
    end;
    hence thesis by A25;
  end;
  hence thesis by A13;
end;

theorem Th10:
  Gen w,y & u,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y & u,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y implies u,
  v1+v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y & u,v1-v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: u,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A3: u,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  consider a1,a2,b1,b2 such that
A4: u = a1*w + a2*y and
A5: v1 = b1*w + b2*y and
A6: a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0 by A2;
  consider a19,a29,c1,c2 being Real such that
A7: u = a19*w + a29*y and
A8: v2 = c1*w + c2*y and
A9: a19*c1 + a29*c2 = 0 by A3;
A10: a1 = a19 & a2 = a29 by A1,A4,A7,Lm4;
  then
A11: a1*(b1+c1) + a2*(b2+c2) = 0 by A6,A9;
A12: a1*(b1-c1) + a2*(b2-c2) = 0 by A6,A9,A10;
  v1 + v2 = (b1 + c1)*w + (b2 + c2)*y by A5,A8,Lm1;
  hence u,v1+v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A4,A11;
  v1 - v2 = (b1 - c1)*w + (b2 - c2)*y by A5,A8,Lm1;
  hence thesis by A4,A12;
end;

theorem Th11:
  Gen w,y & u,u are_Ort_wrt w,y implies u = 0.V
proof
A1: now
    let a such that
A2: a<>0;
    0 < a implies 0 < a*a by XREAL_1:129;
    hence 0 < a*a by A2,XREAL_1:130;
  end;
  assume that
A3: Gen w,y and
A4: u,u are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  consider a1,a2,b1,b2 such that
A5: u = a1*w + a2*y and
A6: u = b1*w + b2*y and
A7: a1*b1 + a2*b2 = 0 by A4;
A8: a1=b1 & a2=b2 by A3,A5,A6,Lm4;
A9: a2 = 0
  proof
    assume a2<>0;
    then 0 < a2*a2 by A1;
    hence contradiction by A7,A8,XREAL_1:29,63;
  end;
  a1 = 0
  proof
    assume a1<>0;
    then 0 < a1*a1 by A1;
    hence contradiction by A7,A8,XREAL_1:29,63;
  end;
  hence u = 0*w + 0.V by A5,A9,RLVECT_1:10
    .= 0*w by RLVECT_1:4
    .= 0.V by RLVECT_1:10;
end;

theorem Th12:
  Gen w,y & u,u1-u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y & u1,u2-u are_Ort_wrt w,y
  implies u2,u-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: u,u1-u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A3: u1,u2-u are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  consider a1,a2 such that
A4: u = a1*w + a2*y by A1;
  consider c1,c2 such that
A5: u2 = c1*w + c2*y by A1;
  consider b1,b2 such that
A6: u1 = b1*w + b2*y by A1;
A7: u-u1 = (a1-b1)*w + (a2-b2)*y by A4,A6,Lm1;
  u2-u = (c1-a1)*w + (c2-a2)*y by A4,A5,Lm1;
  then
A8: b1*(c1-a1) + b2*(c2-a2) = 0 by A1,A3,A6,Th1;
  u1-u2 = (b1-c1)*w + (b2-c2)*y by A6,A5,Lm1;
  then a1*(b1-c1) + a2*(b2-c2) = 0 by A1,A2,A4,Th1;
  then 0 = c1*(a1-b1) + c2*(a2-b2) by A8;
  hence thesis by A5,A7;
end;

theorem Th13:
  Gen w,y & u <> 0.V implies ex a st v - a*u,u are_Ort_wrt w,y
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: u <> 0.V;
  consider a1,a2 such that
A3: u = a1*w + a2*y by A1;
  consider b1,b2 such that
A4: v = b1*w + b2*y by A1;
  set a = (b1*a1 + b2*a2)*(a1*a1 + a2*a2)";
  a*u = (a*a1)*w + (a*a2)*y by A3,Lm3;
  then
A5: v - a*u = (b1-a*a1)*w + (b2-a*a2)*y by A4,Lm1;
A6: (b1-a*a1)*a1 + (b2-a*a2)*a2 = (a1*b1 + a2*b2) + (-1)*(a1*(a*a1) + a2*(a
  *a2));
A7: a1*a1 + a2*a2 <> 0 by A1,A2,Th11,A3,Def2;
  (-1)*(a1*(a*a1) + a2*(a*a2)) = (-1)*((b1*a1 + b2*a2)*((a1*a1 + a2*a2)"*
  (a1*a1 + a2*a2)))
    .= (-1)*((b1*a1 + b2*a2)*1) by A7,XCMPLX_0:def 7
    .= -(a1*b1 + a2*b2);
  then v - a*u,u are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3,A5,A6;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem Th14:
  (u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1) iff ex a,b st a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1)
  & (a<>0 or b<>0)
proof
A1: now
    let w,y,w1,y1 be VECTOR of V;
    given a,b such that
A2: a*(y-w) = b*(y1-w1) & a=0 and
A3: b<>0;
    0.V = b*(y1-w1) by A2,RLVECT_1:10;
    then y1-w1 = 0.V by A3,RLVECT_1:11;
    then y1 = w1 by RLVECT_1:21;
    hence w,y // w1,y1 by ANALOAF:9;
  end;
A4: now
    let w,y,w1,y1 be VECTOR of V;
    given a,b such that
A5: a*(y-w) = b*(y1-w1) and
A6: 0<a and
A7: b<0;
A8: a*(y-w) = b*(-(w1-y1)) by A5,RLVECT_1:33
      .= (-b)*(w1-y1) by RLVECT_1:24;
    0<-b by A7,XREAL_1:58;
    hence w,y // y1,w1 by A6,A8,ANALOAF:def 1;
  end;
A9: now
    given a,b such that
A10: a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) and
A11: a<>0 or b<>0;
A12: now
A13:  now
        assume a<0 & b<0;
        then
A14:    0< -a & 0< -b by XREAL_1:58;
        (-a)*(u-v) = a*(-(u-v)) by RLVECT_1:24
          .= b*(v1-u1) by A10,RLVECT_1:33
          .= b*(-(u1-v1)) by RLVECT_1:33
          .= (-b)*(u1-v1) by RLVECT_1:24;
        then v,u // v1,u1 by A14,ANALOAF:def 1;
        hence u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1 by ANALOAF:12;
      end;
A15:  now
        assume a<0 & 0<b;
        then u1,v1 // v,u by A4,A10;
        then v,u // u1, v1 by ANALOAF:12;
        hence u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1 by ANALOAF:12;
      end;
      assume
A16:  a<>0 & b<>0;
      0<a & b<0 implies ( u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1) by A4,A10;
      hence u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1 by A10,A16,A15,A13,ANALOAF:def 1;
    end;
    now
      assume b=0;
      then u1,v1 // u,v by A1,A10,A11;
      hence u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1 by ANALOAF:12;
    end;
    hence u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1 by A1,A10,A12;
  end;
A17: now
    let w,y,w1,y1 be VECTOR of V such that
A18: w,y // w1,y1;
A19: now
      assume w=y;
      then 1*(y-w) = 0.V by RLVECT_1:10,15
        .= 0*(y1-w1) by RLVECT_1:10;
      hence ex a,b st a*(y-w) = b*(y1-w1) & (a<>0 or b<>0);
    end;
A20: now
      assume w1=y1;
      then 1*(y1-w1) = 0.V by RLVECT_1:10,15
        .= 0*(y-w) by RLVECT_1:10;
      hence ex a,b st a*(y-w) = b*(y1-w1) & (a<>0 or b<>0);
    end;
    (ex a,b st 0<a & 0<b & a*(y-w)=b*(y1-w1)) implies ex a,b st a*(y-w) =
    b*(y1-w1) & (a<>0 or b<>0);
    hence ex a,b st a*(y-w) = b*(y1-w1) & (a<>0 or b<>0) by A18,A19,A20,
ANALOAF:def 1;
  end;
  now
    assume u,v // v1,u1;
    then consider a,b such that
A21: a*(v-u) = b*(u1-v1) and
A22: a<>0 or b<>0 by A17;
A23: a<>0 or -b<>0 by A22;
    (-b)*(v1-u1) = b*(-(v1-u1)) by RLVECT_1:24
      .= a*(v-u) by A21,RLVECT_1:33;
    hence ex a,b st a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0 ) by A23;
  end;
  hence thesis by A17,A9;
end;

theorem Th15:
  [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) iff ex a,b st a*(v-u) = b*(
  v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0)
proof
  [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) iff [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in DirPar(V) or
  [[u,v],[v1,u1]] in DirPar(V) by DIRAF:def 1;
  then
  [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) iff (u,v // u1,v1 or u,v // v1,u1)
  by ANALOAF:22;
  hence thesis by Th14;
end;

definition
  let V;
  let u,u1,v,v1,w,y;
  pred u,u1,v,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y means

  u1-u,v1-v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
end;

definition
  let V;
  let w,y;
  func Orthogonality(V,w,y) -> Relation of [:the carrier of V,the carrier of V
  :] means
  :Def4:
for x,z being object
    holds [x,z] in it iff ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1
  are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  existence
  proof
    defpred P[object, object] means
ex u,u1,v,v1 st $1=[u,u1] & $2=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,
    v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
    set VV = [:the carrier of V,the carrier of V:];
    consider P being Relation of VV,VV such that
A1: for x,z being object holds [x,z] in P iff x in VV & z in VV & P[x,z] from
    RELSET_1:sch 1;
    take P;
    let x,z be object;
    thus [x,z] in P implies ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1
    are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1;
    assume ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
    hence thesis by A1;
  end;
  uniqueness
  proof
    let P,Q be Relation of [:the carrier of V,the carrier of V:] such that
A2: for x,z being object holds
     [x,z] in P iff ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1
    are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A3:  for x,z being object holds
     [x,z] in Q iff ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1
    are_Ort_wrt w,y;
    for x,z being object holds [x,z] in P iff [x,z] in Q
    proof
      let x,z be object;
      [x,z] in P iff ex u,u1,v,v1 st x=[u,u1] & z=[v,v1] & u,u1,v,v1
      are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2;
      hence thesis by A3;
    end;
    hence thesis by RELAT_1:def 2;
  end;
end;

reserve p,p1,q,q1 for Element of Lambda(OASpace(V));

theorem Th16:
  the carrier of Lambda(OASpace(V)) = the carrier of V
proof
  Lambda(OASpace(V)) = AffinStruct(#the carrier of OASpace(V), lambda(the
CONGR of OASpace(V))#) & OASpace(V) = AffinStruct (#the carrier of V, DirPar(V)
  #) by ANALOAF:def 4,DIRAF:def 2;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem Th17:
  the CONGR of Lambda(OASpace(V)) = lambda(DirPar(V))
proof
  Lambda(OASpace(V)) = AffinStruct(#the carrier of OASpace(V), lambda(the
CONGR of OASpace(V))#) & OASpace(V) = AffinStruct (#the carrier of V, DirPar(V)
  #) by ANALOAF:def 4,DIRAF:def 2;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem
  p=u & q=v & p1=u1 & q1=v1 implies (p,q // p1,q1 iff ex a,b st a*(v-u)
  = b*(v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0) )
proof
  assume
A1: p=u & q=v & p1=u1 & q1=v1;
  hereby
    assume p,q // p1,q1;
    then [[p,q],[p1,q1]] in the CONGR of Lambda(OASpace(V)) by ANALOAF:def 2;
    then [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) by A1,Th17;
    hence ex a,b st a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0) by Th15;
  end;
  given a,b such that
A2: a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) &( a<>0 or b<>0);
  [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) by A2,Th15;
  then [[p,q],[p1,q1]] in the CONGR of Lambda(OASpace(V)) by A1,Th17;
  hence thesis by ANALOAF:def 2;
end;

definition
  struct(1-sorted) OrtStr (# carrier -> set,
      orthogonality -> Relation of [:the carrier,the carrier:] #);
end;

definition
  struct(AffinStruct,OrtStr) ParOrtStr (# carrier -> set,
   CONGR, orthogonality -> Relation of [:the carrier,the carrier:] #);
end;

registration
  cluster non empty for ParOrtStr;
  existence
  proof
    set A = the non empty set,C = the Relation of [:A,A:];
    take ParOrtStr (#A,C,C#);
    thus the carrier of ParOrtStr (#A,C,C#) is non empty;
  end;
end;

registration
  cluster non empty for OrtStr;
  existence
  proof
    set A = the non empty set,C = the Relation of [:A,A:];
    take OrtStr (#A,C#);
    thus the carrier of OrtStr (#A,C#) is non empty;
  end;
end;

reserve POS for non empty ParOrtStr;

definition
  let POS be OrtStr;
  let a,b,c,d be Element of POS;

  pred a,b _|_ c,d means

  [[a,b],[c,d]] in the orthogonality of POS;
end;

definition
  let V,w,y;
  func AMSpace(V,w,y) -> strict ParOrtStr equals
  ParOrtStr(#the carrier of V,
    lambda(DirPar(V)),Orthogonality(V,w,y)#);
  correctness;
end;

registration
  let V,w,y;
  cluster AMSpace(V,w,y) -> non empty;
  coherence;
end;

theorem
  the carrier of AMSpace(V,w,y) = the carrier of V & the CONGR of
  AMSpace(V,w,y) = lambda(DirPar(V)) & the orthogonality of AMSpace(V,w,y) =
  Orthogonality(V,w,y);

definition
::$CD
end;

registration
  let POS;
  cluster the AffinStruct of POS -> non empty;
  coherence;
end;

theorem Th20:
  the AffinStruct of AMSpace(V,w,y) = Lambda(OASpace(V))
proof
  set Y = OASpace(V);
  the carrier of Lambda(Y) = the carrier of V by Th16;
  hence thesis by Th17;
end;

reserve p,p1,p2,q,q1,r,r1,r2 for Element of AMSpace(V,w,y);

theorem Th21:
  p=u & p1=u1 & q=v & q1=v1 implies (p,q _|_ p1,q1 iff u,v,u1,v1
  are_Ort_wrt w,y)
proof
  assume
A1: p=u & p1=u1 & q=v & q1=v1;
  hereby
    assume p,q _|_ p1,q1;
    then consider u9,v9,u19,v19 being VECTOR of V such that
A2: [u,v] = [u9,v9] and
A3: [u1,v1] = [u19,v19] and
A4: u9,v9,u19,v19 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,Def4;
A5: u1=u19 by A3,XTUPLE_0:1;
    u=u9 & v=v9 by A2,XTUPLE_0:1;
    hence u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3,A4,A5,XTUPLE_0:1;
  end;
  assume u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  hence thesis by A1,Def4;
end;

theorem Th22:
  p=u & q=v & p1=u1 & q1=v1 implies (p,q // p1,q1 iff ex a,b st a*
  (v-u) = b*(v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0) )
proof
  assume
A1: p=u & q=v & p1=u1 & q1=v1;
  hereby
    assume p,q // p1,q1;
    then [[p,q],[p1,q1]] in the CONGR of AMSpace(V,w,y) by ANALOAF:def 2;
    hence ex a,b st a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) & (a<>0 or b<>0) by A1,Th15;
  end;
  given a,b such that
A2: a*(v-u) = b*(v1-u1) &( a<>0 or b<>0);
  [[u,v],[u1,v1]] in lambda(DirPar(V)) by A2,Th15;
  hence thesis by A1,ANALOAF:def 2;
end;

theorem Th23:
  p,q _|_ p1,q1 implies p1,q1 _|_ p,q
proof
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=p1,v1=q1 as Element of V;
  assume p,q _|_ p1,q1;
  then u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by Th21;
  then v-u,v1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then v1-u1,v-u are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then u1,v1,u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th24:
  p,q _|_ p1,q1 implies p,q _|_ q1,p1
proof
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=p1,v1=q1 as Element of V;
  assume p,q _|_ p1,q1;
  then u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by Th21;
  then v-u,v1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then
A1: v-u,(-1)*(v1-u1) are_Ort_wrt w,y by Th7;
  (-1)*(v1-u1) = -(v1-u1) by RLVECT_1:16
    .= u1-v1 by RLVECT_1:33;
  then u,v,v1,u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th25:
  Gen w,y implies for p,q,r holds p,q _|_ r,r
proof
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  let p,q,r;
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=r as Element of V;
  u1-u1 = 0.V by RLVECT_1:15;
  then v-u,u1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,Th5;
  then u,v,u1,u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th26:
  p,p1 _|_ q,q1 & p,p1 // r,r1 implies p=p1 or q,q1 _|_ r,r1
proof
  assume that
A1: p,p1 _|_ q,q1 and
A2: p,p1 // r,r1;
  reconsider u=p,v=p1,u1=q,v1=q1,u2=r,v2=r1 as Element of V;
  consider a,b such that
A3: a*(v-u) = b*(v2-u2) and
A4: a<>0 or b<>0 by A2,Th22;
  assume
A5: p<>p1;
  b<>0
  proof
    assume
A6: b=0;
    then a*(v-u) = 0.V by A3,RLVECT_1:10;
    then v-u = 0.V by A4,A6,RLVECT_1:11;
    hence contradiction by A5,RLVECT_1:21;
  end;
  then
A7: v2-u2 = b"*(a*(v-u)) by A3,ANALOAF:5
    .= (b"*a)*(v-u) by RLVECT_1:def 7;
  u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,Th21;
  then v-u,v1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then v2-u2,v1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A7,Th7;
  then v1-u1,v2-u2 are_Ort_wrt w, y;
  then u1,v1,u2,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th27:
  Gen w,y implies for p,q,r ex r1 st p,q _|_ r,r1 & r<>r1
proof
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  let p,q,r;
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=r as Element of V;
  consider v2 such that
A2: v-u,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y and
A3: v2<>0.V by A1,Th8;
  set v1 = u1+v2;
  reconsider r1=v1 as Element of AMSpace(V,w,y);
A4: v1-u1 = v2+(u1-u1) by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= v2+0.V by RLVECT_1:15
    .= v2 by RLVECT_1:4;
  then u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2;
  then
A5: p,q _|_ r,r1 by Th21;
  r<>r1 by A3,A4,RLVECT_1:15;
  hence thesis by A5;
end;

theorem Th28:
  Gen w,y & p,p1 _|_ q,q1 & p,p1 _|_ r,r1 implies p=p1 or q,q1 // r,r1
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: p,p1 _|_ q,q1 and
A3: p,p1 _|_ r,r1;
  reconsider u=p,v=p1,u1=q,v1=q1,u2=r,v2=r1 as Element of V;
  u,v,u2,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3,Th21;
  then
A4: v-u,v2-u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  assume p<>p1;
  then
A5: v-u <> 0.V by RLVECT_1:21;
  u,v,u1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2,Th21;
  then v-u,v1-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then ex a,b st a*(v1-u1) = b*(v2-u2) & (a<>0 or b<>0) by A1,A4,A5,Th9;
  hence thesis by Th22;
end;

theorem Th29:
  Gen w,y & p,q _|_ r,r1 & p,q _|_ r,r2 implies p,q _|_ r1,r2
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: p,q _|_ r,r1 and
A3: p,q _|_ r,r2;
  reconsider u=p,v=q,w1=r,v1=r1,v2=r2 as Element of V;
  u,v,w1,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3,Th21;
  then
A4: v-u,v2-w1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
A5: (v2-w1)-(v1-w1) = v2-((v1-w1)+w1) by RLVECT_1:27
    .= v2-(v1-(w1-w1)) by RLVECT_1:29
    .= v2-(v1-0.V) by RLVECT_1:15
    .= v2-v1 by RLVECT_1:13;
  u,v,w1,v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2,Th21;
  then v-u,v1-w1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then v-u,(v2-w1)-(v1-w1) are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,A4,Th10;
  then u,v,v1,v2 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A5;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th30:
  Gen w,y & p,q _|_ p,q implies p = q
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: p,q _|_ p,q;
  reconsider u=p,v=q as Element of V;
  u,v,u,v are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2,Th21;
  then v-u,v-u are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then v-u = 0.V by A1,Th11;
  hence thesis by RLVECT_1:21;
end;

theorem
  Gen w,y & p,q _|_ p1,p2 & p1,q _|_ p2,p implies p2,q _|_ p,p1
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: p,q _|_ p1,p2 and
A3: p1,q _|_ p2,p;
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=p1,u2=p2 as Element of V;
  u,v,u1,u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A2,Th21;
  then
A4: v-u,u2-u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  u1,v,u2,u are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3,Th21;
  then
A5: v-u1,u-u2 are_Ort_wrt w,y;
A6: now
    let u,v,w;
    thus (u-v)-(u-w) = (w-u) + (u-v) by RLVECT_1:33
      .= w-v by ANALOAF:1;
  end;
  then
A7: (v-u)-(v-u1)=u1-u;
  (v-u1)-(v-u2)=u2-u1 & (v-u2)-(v-u)=u-u2 by A6;
  then v-u2,(v-u)-(v-u1) are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,A4,A5,Th12;
  then u2,v,u,u1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A7;
  hence thesis by Th21;
end;

theorem Th32:
  Gen w,y & p<>p1 implies for q ex q1 st p,p1 // p,q1 & p,p1 _|_ q1,q
proof
  assume that
A1: Gen w,y and
A2: p<>p1;
  let q;
  reconsider u=p,v=q,u1=p1 as Element of V;
  u1-u <> 0.V by A2,RLVECT_1:21;
  then consider a such that
A3: (v-u) - a*(u1-u),u1-u are_Ort_wrt w,y by A1,Th13;
  set v1 = u + a*(u1-u);
  reconsider q1=v1 as Element of AMSpace(V,w,y);
  v-v1 = (v-u)- a*(u1-u) by RLVECT_1:27;
  then u1-u,v-v1 are_Ort_wrt w,y by A3;
  then u,u1,v1,v are_Ort_wrt w,y;
  then
A4: p,p1 _|_ q1,q by Th21;
  a*(u1-u) = a*(u1-u)+0.V by RLVECT_1:4
    .= a*(u1-u)+(u-u) by RLVECT_1:15
    .= v1-u by RLVECT_1:def 3
    .= 1*(v1-u) by RLVECT_1:def 8;
  then p,p1 // p,q1 by Th22;
  hence thesis by A4;
end;

consider V0 being RealLinearSpace such that
Lm6: ex w,y being VECTOR of V0 st Gen w,y by Th3;
consider w0,y0 being VECTOR of V0 such that
Lm7: Gen w0,y0 by Lm6;

Lm8: now
  set X = AffinStruct(#the carrier of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0), the CONGR of AMSpace(
    V0,w0,y0)#);
A1: X = Lambda(OASpace(V0)) by Th20;
  for a,b being Real st a*w0 + b*y0 = 0.V0 holds a=0 & b=0 by Lm7;
  then OASpace(V0) is OAffinSpace by ANALOAF:26;
  hence
  AffinStruct(#the carrier of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0), the CONGR of AMSpace(V0,
w0,y0)#) is AffinSpace & (for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0
) holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_
d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a
  ,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ p,s implies a,b _|_ q,s)) & (for a,b,c being Element of
AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) st a<>b ex x being Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) st a,b // a,x
  & a,b _|_ x,c) & for a,b,c being Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) ex x being
  Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x by A1,Lm7,Th23,Th24,Th25
,Th26,Th27,Th29,Th30,Th32,DIRAF:41;
end;

definition
  let IT be non empty ParOrtStr;
  attr IT is OrtAfSp-like means
  :Def7:
  AffinStruct(#the carrier of IT,the
CONGR of IT#) is AffinSpace & (for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of IT holds (a
,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d
_|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q
& a,b _|_ p,s implies a,b _|_ q,s)) & (for a,b,c being Element of IT st a<>b ex
x being Element of IT st a,b // a,x & a,b _|_ x,c) & for a,b,c being Element of
  IT ex x being Element of IT st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x;
end;

registration
  cluster strict OrtAfSp-like for non empty ParOrtStr;
  existence by Def7,Lm8;
end;

definition
  mode OrtAfSp is OrtAfSp-like non empty ParOrtStr;
end;

theorem
  Gen w,y implies AMSpace(V,w,y) is OrtAfSp
proof
  set POS = AMSpace(V,w,y);
  set X = AffinStruct(#the carrier of POS,the CONGR of POS#);
  assume
A1: Gen w,y;
  then
A2: for a,b,c be Element of POS holds ex x being Element of POS st a,b _|_ c
  ,x & c <>x by Th27;
A3: X = Lambda(OASpace(V)) by Th20;
  for a,b being Real st a*w + b*y = 0.V holds a=0 & b=0 by A1;
  then OASpace(V) is OAffinSpace by ANALOAF:26;
  then
A4: X is AffinSpace by A3,DIRAF:41;
  ( for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b)
& a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q
& a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ p,s implies a
,b _|_ q,s))& for a,b,c be Element of POS holds a<>b implies ex x being Element
  of POS st a,b // a,x & a,b _|_ x,c by A1,Th23,Th24,Th25,Th26,Th29,Th30,Th32;
  hence thesis by A2,A4,Def7;
end;

consider V0 being RealLinearSpace such that
Lm9: ex w,y being VECTOR of V0 st Gen w,y by Th3;
consider w0,y0 being VECTOR of V0 such that
Lm10: Gen w0,y0 by Lm9;

Lm11: now
  set X = AffinStruct(#the carrier of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0), the CONGR of AMSpace(
    V0,w0,y0)#);
A1: X = Lambda(OASpace(V0)) by Th20;
  ( for a,b being Real st a*w0 + b*y0 = 0.V0 holds a=0 & b=0)& for w1
  being VECTOR of V0 ex a,b being Real st w1 = a*w0+b*y0 by Lm10;
  then OASpace(V0) is OAffinPlane by ANALOAF:28;
  hence
  AffinStruct(#the carrier of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0), the CONGR of AMSpace(V0,
w0,y0)#) is AffinPlane & (for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0
) holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_
d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a
,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b)) & for a,b,c being Element
of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) ex x being Element of AMSpace(V0,w0,y0) st a,b _|_ c,x & c
  <>x by A1,Lm10,Th23,Th24,Th25,Th26,Th27,Th28,Th30,DIRAF:45;
end;

definition
  let IT be non empty ParOrtStr;
  attr IT is OrtAfPl-like means
  :Def8:
  AffinStruct(#the carrier of IT,the
CONGR of IT#) is AffinPlane & (for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of IT holds (a
,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d
_|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q
& a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b)) & for a,b,c being Element of IT ex x
  being Element of IT st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x;
end;

registration
  cluster strict OrtAfPl-like for non empty ParOrtStr;
  existence by Def8,Lm11;
end;

definition
  mode OrtAfPl is OrtAfPl-like non empty ParOrtStr;
end;

theorem
  Gen w,y implies AMSpace(V,w,y) is OrtAfPl
proof
  set POS = AMSpace(V,w,y);
  set X = AffinStruct(#the carrier of POS,the CONGR of POS#);
A1: X = Lambda(OASpace(V)) by Th20;
  assume
A2: Gen w,y;
  then
  ( for a,b being Real st a*w + b*y = 0.V holds a=0 & b=0)&
  for w1 ex a,b being Real st w1 = a*w+b*y;
  then OASpace(V) is OAffinPlane by ANALOAF:28;
  then
A3: X is AffinPlane by A1,DIRAF:45;
  ( for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b)
& a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q
& a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p
,q // r,s or a=b))& for a,b,c be Element of POS holds ex x being Element of POS
  st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x by A2,Th23,Th24,Th25,Th26,Th27,Th28,Th30;
  hence thesis by A3,Def8;
end;

theorem
  for x being set holds (x is Element of POS iff
    x is Element of the AffinStruct of POS);

theorem Th36:
  for a,b,c,d being Element of POS, a9,b9,c9,d9 being Element of
  the AffinStruct of POS st a=a9& b=b9 & c = c9 & d=d9
   holds (a,b // c,d iff a9,b9 // c9,d9)
proof
  set AF = the AffinStruct of POS;
  let a,b,c,d be Element of POS, a9,b9,c9,d9 be Element of the AffinStruct of
  POS such that
A1: a=a9 & b=b9 & c = c9 & d=d9;
  hereby
    assume a,b // c,d;
    then [[a9,b9],[c9,d9]] in the CONGR of AF by A1,ANALOAF:def 2;
    hence a9,b9 // c9,d9 by ANALOAF:def 2;
  end;
  assume a9,b9 // c9,d9;
  then [[a,b],[c,d]] in the CONGR of POS by A1,ANALOAF:def 2;
  hence thesis by ANALOAF:def 2;
end;

registration
  let POS be OrtAfSp;
  cluster the AffinStruct of POS -> AffinSpace-like non trivial;
  correctness by Def7;
end;

registration
  let POS be OrtAfPl;
  cluster the AffinStruct of POS -> 2-dimensional AffinSpace-like non trivial;
  correctness by Def8;
end;

theorem Th37:
  for POS being OrtAfPl holds POS is OrtAfSp
proof
  let POS be OrtAfPl;
  for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of POS holds (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ p,
  s implies a,b _|_ q,s)
  proof
    let a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS such that
A1: a,b _|_ p,q and
A2: a,b _|_ p,s;
A3: now
      reconsider p9=p,q9=q,s9=s as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
      assume that
A4:   a<>b and
A5:   p<>q;
      p,q // p,s by A1,A2,A4,Def8;
      then p9,q9 // p9,s9 by Th36;
      then q9,p9 // q9,s9 by DIRAF:40;
      then p9,q9 // q9,s9 by AFF_1:4;
      then
A6:   p,q // q,s by Th36;
      p,q _|_ a,b by A1,Def8;
      hence thesis by A5,A6,Def8;
    end;
    now
      assume a=b;
      then q,s _|_ a,b by Def8;
      hence thesis by Def8;
    end;
    hence thesis by A2,A3;
  end;
  then
A7: for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) &
a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q &
a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) &( a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ p,s implies a,b
  _|_ q,s) by Def8;
A8: for a,b,c being Element of POS st a<>b ex x being Element of POS st a,b
  // a,x & a,b _|_ x,c
  proof
    let a,b,c be Element of POS such that
A9: a<>b;
    consider y being Element of POS such that
A10: a,b _|_ c,y and
A11: c <>y by Def8;
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,y9=y as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
    not a9,b9 // c9,y9
    proof
      assume not thesis;
      then a,b // c,y by Th36;
      then c,y _|_ c,y by A9,A10,Def8;
      hence contradiction by A11,Def8;
    end;
    then consider x9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A12: LIN a9,b9,x9 and
A13: LIN c9,y9,x9 by AFF_1:60;
    reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
    c9,y9 // c9,x9 by A13,AFF_1:def 1;
    then
A14: c,y // c,x by Th36;
    c,y _|_ a,b by A10,Def8;
    then a,b _|_ c,x by A11,A14,Def8;
    then
A15: a,b _|_ x,c by Def8;
    a9,b9 // a9,x9 by A12,AFF_1:def 1;
    then a,b // a,x by Th36;
    hence thesis by A15;
  end;
  the AffinStruct of POS = AffinStruct(#the carrier of POS, the CONGR of POS#)
  & for a,b,c being Element of POS ex x being Element of POS st a,b _|_ c,x
  & c <>x by Def8;
  hence thesis by A8,A7,Def7;
end;

registration
  cluster OrtAfPl-like -> OrtAfSp-like for non empty ParOrtStr;
  coherence by Th37;
end;

theorem
  for POS being OrtAfSp st the AffinStruct of POS is AffinPlane
     holds POS is OrtAfPl
proof
  let POS be OrtAfSp such that
A1: the AffinStruct of POS is AffinPlane;
A2: now
    let a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS;
    thus (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b
_|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b)
    by Def7;
    thus a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b
    proof
      reconsider a9=a,b9=b,p9=p,q9=q,r9=r,s9=s as
      Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
      assume that
A3:   a,b _|_ p,q and
A4:   a,b _|_ r,s;
A5:   p,q _|_ a,b by A3,Def7;
A6:   r,s _|_ a,b by A4,Def7;
      assume
A7:   not thesis;
      then
A8:   not p9,q9 // r9,s9 by Th36;
      then
A9:   p9<>q9 by AFF_1:3;
      consider x9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A10:  LIN p9,q9,x9 and
A11:  LIN r9,s9,x9 by A1,A8,AFF_1:60;
      reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
A12:  r9<>s9 by A8,AFF_1:3;
      LIN s9,r9,x9 by A11,AFF_1:6;
      then s9,r9 // s9,x9 by AFF_1:def 1;
      then
A13:  r9,s9 // x9,s9 by AFF_1:4;
      then r,s // x,s by Th36;
      then a,b _|_ x,s by A12,A6,Def7;
      then
A14:  x,s _|_ a,b by Def7;
      LIN q9,p9,x9 by A10,AFF_1:6;
      then q9,p9 // q9,x9 by AFF_1:def 1;
      then p9,q9 // x9,q9 by AFF_1:4;
      then p,q // x,q by Th36;
      then
A15:  a,b _|_ x,q by A9,A5,Def7;
A16:  now
        consider y9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A17:    a9,b9 // q9,y9 & q9<>y9 by DIRAF:40;
        assume that
A18:    x<>q and
A19:    x<>s;
        not q9,y9 // x9,s9
        proof
          assume not thesis;
          then q9,y9 // r9,s9 by A13,A19,AFF_1:5;
          then r9,s9 // a9,b9 by A17,AFF_1:5;
          then r,s // a,b by Th36;
          then a,b _|_ a,b by A12,A6,Def7;
          hence contradiction by A7,Def7;
        end;
        then consider z9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A20:    LIN q9,y9,z9 and
A21:    LIN x9,s9,z9 by A1,AFF_1:60;
        reconsider z=z9 as Element of POS;
        q9,y9 // q9,z9 by A20,AFF_1:def 1;
        then a9,b9 // q9,z9 by A17,AFF_1:5;
        then
A22:    a,b // q,z by Th36;
A23:    x9,s9 // x9,z9 by A21,AFF_1:def 1;
        then x,s // x,z by Th36;
        then a,b _|_ x,z by A14,A19,Def7;
        then a,b _|_ q,z by A15,Def7;
        then q,z _|_ q,z by A7,A22,Def7;
        then x9,s9 // x9,q9 by A23,Def7;
        then
A24:    LIN x9,s9,q9 by AFF_1:def 1;
        LIN x9,s9,x9 & LIN x9,q9,p9 by A10,AFF_1:6,7;
        then LIN x9,s9,p9 by A18,A24,AFF_1:11;
        then x9,s9 // p9,q9 by A24,AFF_1:10;
        then p9,q9 // r9,s9 by A13,A19,AFF_1:5;
        hence contradiction by A7,Th36;
      end;
      r9,s9 // r9,x9 by A11,AFF_1:def 1;
      then
A25:  r9,s9 // x9,r9 by AFF_1:4;
      then r,s // x,r by Th36;
      then a,b _|_ x,r by A12,A6,Def7;
      then
A26:  x,r _|_ a,b by Def7;
A27:  now
        consider y9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A28:    a9,b9 // q9,y9 & q9<>y9 by DIRAF:40;
        assume that
A29:    x<>q and
A30:    x<>r;
        not q9,y9 // x9,r9
        proof
          assume not thesis;
          then q9,y9 // r9,s9 by A25,A30,AFF_1:5;
          then r9,s9 // a9,b9 by A28,AFF_1:5;
          then r,s // a,b by Th36;
          then a,b _|_ a,b by A12,A6,Def7;
          hence contradiction by A7,Def7;
        end;
        then consider z9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A31:    LIN q9,y9,z9 and
A32:    LIN x9,r9,z9 by A1,AFF_1:60;
        reconsider z=z9 as Element of POS;
        q9,y9 // q9,z9 by A31,AFF_1:def 1;
        then a9,b9 // q9,z9 by A28,AFF_1:5;
        then
A33:    a,b // q,z by Th36;
A34:    x9,r9 // x9,z9 by A32,AFF_1:def 1;
        then x,r // x,z by Th36;
        then a,b _|_ x,z by A26,A30,Def7;
        then a,b _|_ q,z by A15,Def7;
        then q,z _|_ q,z by A7,A33,Def7;
        then x9,r9 // x9,q9 by A34,Def7;
        then
A35:    LIN x9,r9,q9 by AFF_1:def 1;
        LIN x9,r9,x9 & LIN x9,q9,p9 by A10,AFF_1:6,7;
        then LIN x9,r9,p9 by A29,A35,AFF_1:11;
        then x9,r9 // p9,q9 by A35,AFF_1:10;
        then p9,q9 // r9,s9 by A25,A30,AFF_1:5;
        hence contradiction by A7,Th36;
      end;
      p9,q9 // p9,x9 by A10,AFF_1:def 1;
      then p9,q9 // x9,p9 by AFF_1:4;
      then p,q // x,p by Th36;
      then
A36:  a,b _|_ x,p by A9,A5,Def7;
A37:  now
        consider y9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A38:    a9,b9 // p9,y9 & p9<>y9 by DIRAF:40;
        assume that
A39:    x<>p and
A40:    x<>s;
        not p9,y9 // x9,s9
        proof
          assume not thesis;
          then p9,y9 // r9,s9 by A13,A40,AFF_1:5;
          then r9,s9 // a9,b9 by A38,AFF_1:5;
          then r,s // a,b by Th36;
          then a,b _|_ a,b by A12,A6,Def7;
          hence contradiction by A7,Def7;
        end;
        then consider z9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A41:    LIN p9,y9,z9 and
A42:    LIN x9,s9,z9 by A1,AFF_1:60;
        reconsider z=z9 as Element of POS;
        p9,y9 // p9,z9 by A41,AFF_1:def 1;
        then a9,b9 // p9,z9 by A38,AFF_1:5;
        then
A43:    a,b // p,z by Th36;
A44:    x9,s9 // x9,z9 by A42,AFF_1:def 1;
        then x,s // x,z by Th36;
        then a,b _|_ x,z by A14,A40,Def7;
        then a,b _|_ p,z by A36,Def7;
        then p,z _|_ p,z by A7,A43,Def7;
        then x9,s9 // x9,p9 by A44,Def7;
        then
A45:    LIN x9,s9,p9 by AFF_1:def 1;
        LIN x9,s9,x9 & LIN x9,p9,q9 by A10,AFF_1:6,7;
        then LIN x9,s9,q9 by A39,A45,AFF_1:11;
        then x9,s9 // p9,q9 by A45,AFF_1:10;
        then p9,q9 // r9,s9 by A13,A40,AFF_1:5;
        hence contradiction by A7,Th36;
      end;
      now
        consider y9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A46:    a9,b9 // p9,y9 & p9<>y9 by DIRAF:40;
        assume that
A47:    x<>p and
A48:    x<>r;
        not p9,y9 // x9,r9
        proof
          assume not thesis;
          then p9,y9 // r9,s9 by A25,A48,AFF_1:5;
          then r9,s9 // a9,b9 by A46,AFF_1:5;
          then r,s // a,b by Th36;
          then a,b _|_ a,b by A12,A6,Def7;
          hence contradiction by A7,Def7;
        end;
        then consider z9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A49:    LIN p9,y9,z9 and
A50:    LIN x9,r9,z9 by A1,AFF_1:60;
        reconsider z=z9 as Element of POS;
        p9,y9 // p9,z9 by A49,AFF_1:def 1;
        then a9,b9 // p9,z9 by A46,AFF_1:5;
        then
A51:    a,b // p,z by Th36;
A52:    x9,r9 // x9,z9 by A50,AFF_1:def 1;
        then x,r // x,z by Th36;
        then a,b _|_ x,z by A26,A48,Def7;
        then a,b _|_ p,z by A36,Def7;
        then p,z _|_ p,z by A7,A51,Def7;
        then x9,r9 // x9,p9 by A52,Def7;
        then
A53:    LIN x9,r9,p9 by AFF_1:def 1;
        LIN x9,r9,x9 & LIN x9,p9,q9 by A10,AFF_1:6,7;
        then LIN x9,r9,q9 by A47,A53,AFF_1:11;
        then x9,r9 // p9,q9 by A53,AFF_1:10;
        then p9,q9 // r9,s9 by A25,A48,AFF_1:5;
        hence contradiction by A7,Th36;
      end;
      hence contradiction by A8,A37,A27,A16,AFF_1:3;
    end;
  end;
  for a,b,c being Element of POS ex x being Element of POS st a,b _|_ c,x
  & c <>x by Def7;
  hence thesis by A1,A2,Def8;
end;

theorem
  for POS being non empty ParOrtStr holds POS is OrtAfPl-like iff (ex a,
  b being Element of POS st a<>b) & for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of POS
holds a,b // b,a & a,b // c,c & (a,b // p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q // r,s or
a=b) & (a,b // a,c implies b,a // b,c) & (ex x being Element of POS st a,b // c
  ,x & a,c // b,x) & (ex x,y,z being Element of POS st not x,y // x,z ) & (ex x
  being Element of POS st a,b // c,x & c <>x) & (a,b // b,d & b<>a implies ex x
being Element of POS st c,b // b,x & c,a // d,x) & (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) &
a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q &
a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q
// r,s or a=b) & (ex x being Element of POS st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x) & (not a,b
  // c,d implies ex x being Element of POS st a,b // a,x & c,d // c,x )
proof
  let POS be non empty ParOrtStr;
  set P = the AffinStruct of POS;
  hereby
    assume
A1: POS is OrtAfPl-like;
    then P is AffinPlane;
    hence ex x,y being Element of POS st x<>y by DIRAF:46;
    let a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS;
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d,p9=p,q9=q,r9=r,s9=s as Element of P;
    consider x9 being Element of P such that
A2: a9,b9 // c9,x9 & a9,c9 // b9,x9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
    a9,b9 // b9,a9 & a9,b9 // c9,c9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
    hence a,b // b,a & a,b // c,c by Th36;
    hereby
      assume a,b // p,q & a,b // r,s;
      then a9,b9 // p9,q9 & a9,b9 // r9,s9 by Th36;
      then p9,q9 // r9,s9 or a9=b9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
      hence p,q // r,s or a=b by Th36;
    end;
    hereby
      assume a,b // a,c;
      then a9,b9 // a9,c9 by Th36;
      then b9,a9 // b9,c9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
      hence b,a // b,c by Th36;
    end;
    reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
    consider x9,y9,z9 being Element of P such that
A3: not x9,y9 // x9,z9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
    a,b // c,x & a,c // b,x by A2,Th36;
    hence ex x being Element of POS st a,b // c,x & a,c // b,x;
    reconsider x=x9,y=y9,z=z9 as Element of POS;
    consider x9 being Element of P such that
A4: a9,b9 // c9,x9 and
A5: c9<>x9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
    not x,y // x,z by A3,Th36;
    hence ex x,y,z being Element of POS st not x,y // x,z;
    reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
    a,b // c,x by A4,Th36;
    hence ex x being Element of POS st a,b // c,x & c <>x by A5;
    hereby
      assume that
A6:   a,b // b,d and
A7:   b<>a;
      a9,b9 // b9,d9 by A6,Th36;
      then consider x9 being Element of P such that
A8:   c9,b9 // b9,x9 & c9,a9 // d9,x9 by A1,A7,DIRAF:46;
      reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
      c,b // b,x & c,a // d,x by A8,Th36;
      hence ex x being Element of POS st c,b // b,x & c,a // d,x;
    end;
    thus (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b
_|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b)
& (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b) & ex x being Element of
    POS st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x by A1;
    assume not a,b // c,d;
    then not a9,b9 // c9,d9 by Th36;
    then consider x9 being Element of P such that
A9: a9,b9 // a9,x9 & c9,d9 // c9,x9 by A1,DIRAF:46;
    reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
    a,b // a,x & c,d // c,x by A9,Th36;
    hence ex x being Element of POS st a,b // a,x & c,d // c,x;
  end;
  given a,b being Element of POS such that
A10: a<>b;
  assume
A11: for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s being Element of POS holds a,b // b,a & a,b //
c,c & (a,b // p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b) & (a,b // a,c implies
b,a // b,c) & (ex x being Element of POS st a,b // c,x & a,c // b,x) & (ex x,y,
z being Element of POS st not x,y // x,z ) & (ex x being Element of POS st a,b
  // c,x & c <>x) & (a,b // b,d & b<>a implies ex x being Element of POS st c,b
  // b,x & c,a // d,x) & (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) & a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d
implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_
  r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q // r,s or a=b) & (ex x
  being Element of POS st a,b _|_ c,x & c <>x) & (not a,b // c,d implies ex x
  being Element of POS st a,b // a,x & c,d // c,x );
A12: now
    let x,y,z be Element of P;
    reconsider x9=x,y9=y,z9=z as Element of POS;
    consider t9 being Element of POS such that
A13: x9,z9 // y9,t9 and
A14: y9<>t9 by A11;
    reconsider t=t9 as Element of P;
    x,z // y,t by A13,Th36;
    hence ex t being Element of P st x,z // y,t & y<>t by A14;
  end;
A15: now
    let x,y,z,t,u,w be Element of P;
    reconsider a=x,b=y,c =z,d=t,e=u,f=w as Element of POS;
    a,b // b,a & a,b // c,c by A11;
    hence x,y // y,x & x,y // z,z by Th36;
    thus x<>y & x,y // z,t & x,y // u,w implies z,t // u,w
    proof
      assume that
A16:  x<>y and
A17:  x,y // z,t & x,y // u,w;
      a,b // c,d & a,b // e,f by A17,Th36;
      then c,d // e,f by A11,A16;
      hence thesis by Th36;
    end;
    thus x,y // x,z implies y,x // y,z
    proof
      assume x,y // x,z;
      then a,b // a, c by Th36;
      then b,a // b,c by A11;
      hence thesis by Th36;
    end;
  end;
A18: now
    let x,y,z,t be Element of P such that
A19: not x,y // z,t;
    reconsider x9=x,y9=y,z9=z,t9=t as Element of POS;
    not x9,y9 // z9,t9 by A19,Th36;
    then consider u9 being Element of POS such that
A20: x9,y9 // x9,u9 & z9,t9 // z9,u9 by A11;
    reconsider u=u9 as Element of P;
    x,y // x,u & z,t // z,u by A20,Th36;
    hence ex u being Element of P st x,y // x,u & z,t // z,u;
  end;
A21: now
    let x,y,z,t be Element of P such that
A22: z,x // x,t and
A23: x<>z;
    reconsider x9=x,y9=y,z9=z,t9=t as Element of POS;
    z9,x9 // x9,t9 by A22,Th36;
    then consider u9 being Element of POS such that
A24: y9,x9 // x9,u9 & y9,z9 // t9,u9 by A11,A23;
    reconsider u=u9 as Element of P;
    y,x // x,u & y,z // t,u by A24,Th36;
    hence ex u being Element of P st y,x // x,u & y,z // t,u;
  end;
A25: now
    let x,y,z be Element of P;
    reconsider x9=x,y9=y,z9=z as Element of POS;
    consider t9 being Element of POS such that
A26: x9,y9 // z9,t9 & x9,z9 // y9,t9 by A11;
    reconsider t=t9 as Element of P;
    x,y // z,t & x,z // y,t by A26,Th36;
    hence ex t being Element of P st x,y // z,t & x,z // y,t;
  end;
  ex x,y,z being Element of P st not x,y // x,z
  proof
    consider x,y,z being Element of POS such that
A27: not x,y // x,z by A11;
    reconsider x9=x,y9=y,z9=z as Element of P;
    not x9,y9 // x9,z9 by A27,Th36;
    hence thesis;
  end;
  hence
  AffinStruct(#the carrier of POS,the CONGR of POS#) is AffinPlane by A10,A15
,A12,A25,A21,A18,DIRAF:46;
  thus for a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s be Element of POS holds (a,b _|_ a,b implies a=b) &
a,b _|_ c,c & (a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & c,d _|_ a,b) & (a,b _|_ p,q &
a,b // r,s implies p,q _|_ r,s or a=b) & (a,b _|_ p,q & a,b _|_ r,s implies p,q
  // r,s or a=b) by A11;
  thus thesis by A11;
end;

reserve x,a,b,c,d,p,q,y for Element of POS;

definition
  let POS;
  let a,b,c;
  pred LIN a,b,c means

  a,b // a,c;
end;

definition
  let POS,a,b;
  func Line(a,b) -> Subset of POS means
  :Def10:
  for x being Element of POS holds x in it iff LIN a,b,x;
  existence
  proof
    defpred P[set] means for y st y = $1 holds LIN a,b,y;
    consider X being Subset of POS such that
A1: for x being set holds x in X iff x in the carrier of POS & P[x]
    from SUBSET_1:sch 1;
    take X;
    let x be Element of POS;
    thus x in X implies LIN a,b,x by A1;
    assume LIN a,b,x;
    then for y st y = x holds LIN a,b,y;
    hence thesis by A1;
  end;
  uniqueness
  proof
    let X1,X2 be Subset of POS such that
A2: for x holds x in X1 iff LIN a,b,x and
A3: for x holds x in X2 iff LIN a,b,x;
    for x being object holds x in X1 iff x in X2 by A2,A3;
    hence thesis by TARSKI:2;
  end;
end;

reserve A,K,M for Subset of POS;

definition
  let POS;
  let A;
  attr A is being_line means

  ex a,b st a<>b & A=Line(a,b);
end;

theorem Th40:
  for POS being OrtAfSp for a,b,c being Element of POS, a9,b9,c9
being Element of the AffinStruct of POS st a=a9& b=b9 & c = c9
  holds (LIN a,b,c iff LIN a9,b9,c9)
proof
  let POS be OrtAfSp;
  let a,b,c be Element of POS, a9,b9,c9 be Element of the AffinStruct of POS
   such that
A1: a=a9 & b=b9 & c = c9;
  hereby
    assume LIN a,b,c;
    then a,b // a,c;
    then a9,b9 // a9,c9 by A1,Th36;
    hence LIN a9,b9,c9 by AFF_1:def 1;
  end;
  assume LIN a9,b9,c9;
  then a9,b9 // a9,c9 by AFF_1:def 1;
  then a,b // a,c by A1,Th36;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem Th41:
  for POS being OrtAfSp for a,b being Element of POS, a9,b9 being
  Element of the AffinStruct of POS st a=a9 & b=b9
   holds Line(a,b) = Line(a9,b9)
proof
  let POS be OrtAfSp;
  let a,b be Element of POS, a9,b9 be Element of the AffinStruct of POS
   such that
A1: a=a9 & b=b9;
  set X = Line(a,b), Y = Line(a9,b9);
  now
    let x1 be object;
A2: now
      assume
A3:   x1 in Y;
      then reconsider x9=x1 as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
      reconsider x=x9 as Element of POS;
      LIN a9,b9,x9 by A3,AFF_1:def 2;
      then LIN a,b,x by A1,Th40;
      hence x1 in X by Def10;
    end;
    now
      assume
A4:   x1 in X;
      then reconsider x=x1 as Element of POS;
      reconsider x9=x as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
      LIN a,b,x by A4,Def10;
      then LIN a9,b9,x9 by A1,Th40;
      hence x1 in Y by AFF_1:def 2;
    end;
    hence x1 in X iff x1 in Y by A2;
  end;
  hence thesis by TARSKI:2;
end;

theorem
  for X being set holds
   X is Subset of POS iff X is Subset of the AffinStruct of POS;

theorem Th43:
  for POS being OrtAfSp for X being Subset of POS, Y being Subset
  of the AffinStruct of POS st X=Y holds X is being_line iff Y is being_line
proof
  let POS be OrtAfSp;
  let X be Subset of the carrier of POS, Y be Subset of the AffinStruct of POS
   such that
A1: X=Y;
  hereby
    assume X is being_line;
    then consider a,b being Element of POS such that
A2: a<>b and
A3: X = Line(a,b);
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
    Y = Line(a9,b9) by A1,A3,Th41;
    hence Y is being_line by A2,AFF_1:def 3;
  end;
  assume Y is being_line;
  then consider a9,b9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A4: a9<>b9 and
A5: Y = Line(a9,b9) by AFF_1:def 3;
  reconsider a=a9,b=b9 as Element of POS;
  X = Line(a,b) by A1,A5,Th41;
  hence thesis by A4;
end;

definition
  let POS;
  let a,b,K;
  pred a,b _|_ K means

  ex p,q st p<>q & K = Line(p,q) & a,b _|_ p,q;
end;

definition
  let POS;
  let K,M;
  pred K _|_ M means
  :Def13:
  ex p,q st p<>q & K = Line(p,q) & p,q _|_ M;
end;

definition
  let POS;
  let K,M;
  pred K // M means
  ex a,b,c,d st a<>b & c <>d & K = Line(a,b) & M = Line(c,d) & a,b // c,d;
end;

theorem Th44:
  (a,b _|_ K implies K is being_line) &
  (K _|_ M implies K is being_line & M is being_line )
proof
  for a,b,K st a,b _|_ K holds K is being_line;
  then K _|_ M implies K is being_line & M is being_line;
  hence thesis;
end;

theorem Th45:
  K _|_ M iff ex a,b,c,d st a<>b & c <>d & K = Line(a,b) & M =
  Line(c,d) & a,b _|_ c,d
proof
  hereby
    assume K _|_ M;
    then consider a,b such that
A1: a<>b & K = Line(a,b) and
A2: a,b _|_ M;
    ex c,d st c <>d & M = Line(c,d) & a,b _|_ c,d by A2;
    hence ex a,b,c,d st a<>b & c <>d & K = Line(a,b) & M = Line(c,d) & a,b _|_
    c,d by A1;
  end;
  given a,b,c,d such that
A3: a<>b and
A4: c <>d and
A5: K = Line(a,b) and
A6: M = Line(c,d) & a,b _|_ c,d;
  a,b _|_ M by A4,A6;
  hence thesis by A3,A5;
end;

theorem Th46:
  for POS being OrtAfSp for M,N being Subset of POS, M9,N9 being
  Subset of the AffinStruct of POS st M = M9 & N = N9
  holds M // N iff M9 // N9
proof
  let POS be OrtAfSp;
  let M,N be Subset of POS, M9,N9 be Subset of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A1: M = M9 & N = N9;
  hereby
    assume M // N;
    then consider a,b,c,d being Element of POS such that
A2: a<>b & c <>d and
A3: M = Line(a,b) & N = Line(c,d) and
A4: a,b // c,d;
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
A5: a9,b9 // c9,d9 by A4,Th36;
    M9=Line(a9,b9) & N9=Line(c9,d9) by A1,A3,Th41;
    hence M9 // N9 by A2,A5,AFF_1:37;
  end;
  assume M9 // N9;
  then consider a9,b9,c9,d9 being Element of the AffinStruct of POS such that
A6: a9<>b9 & c9<>d9 and
A7: a9,b9 // c9,d9 and
A8: M9 = Line(a9,b9) & N9 = Line(c9,d9) by AFF_1:37;
  reconsider a=a9,b=b9,c =c9,d=d9 as Element of POS;
A9: a,b // c,d by A7,Th36;
  M=Line(a,b) & N=Line(c,d) by A1,A8,Th41;
  hence thesis by A6,A9;
end;

reserve POS for OrtAfSp;
reserve A,K,M,N for Subset of POS;
reserve a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s for Element of POS;

theorem
  K is being_line implies a,a _|_ K
proof
  assume K is being_line;
  then consider p,q such that
A1: p<>q & K = Line(p,q);
  p,q _|_ a,a by Def7;
  then a,a _|_ p,q by Def7;
  hence thesis by A1;
end;

theorem
  a,b _|_ K & (a,b // c,d or c,d // a,b) & a<>b implies c,d _|_ K
proof
  assume that
A1: a,b _|_ K and
A2: a,b // c,d or c,d // a,b and
A3: a<>b;
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  consider p,q such that
A4: p<>q & K = Line(p,q) and
A5: a,b _|_ p,q by A1;
  a9,b9 // c9,d9 or c9,d9 // a9,b9 by A2,Th36;
  then a9,b9 // c9,d9 by AFF_1:4;
  then a,b // c,d by Th36;
  then p,q _|_ c,d by A3,A5,Def7;
  then c,d _|_ p,q by Def7;
  hence thesis by A4;
end;

theorem
  a,b _|_ K implies b,a _|_ K
proof
  assume a,b _|_ K;
  then consider p,q such that
A1: p<>q & K = Line(p,q) and
A2: a,b _|_ p,q;
  p,q _|_ a,b by A2,Def7;
  then p,q _|_ b,a by Def7;
  then b,a _|_ p,q by Def7;
  hence thesis by A1;
end;

definition
  let POS;
  let K,M be Subset of POS;
  redefine pred K // M;
  symmetry
  proof
    let K,M be Subset of POS;
    assume K // M;
    then consider a,b,c,d such that
A1: a<>b & c <>d & K = Line(a,b) & M = Line(c,d) and
A2: a,b // c,d;
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
    a9,b9 // c9,d9 by A2,Th36;
    then c9,d9 // a9,b9 by AFF_1:4;
    then c,d // a,b by Th36;
    hence thesis by A1;
  end;
end;

theorem Th50:
  r,s _|_ K & K // M implies r,s _|_ M
proof
  assume that
A1: r,s _|_ K and
A2: K // M;
  consider p,q such that
A3: p<>q and
A4: K = Line(p,q) and
A5: r,s _|_ p,q by A1;
  consider a,b,c,d such that
A6: a<>b and
A7: c <>d and
A8: K = Line(a,b) and
A9: M = Line(c,d) and
A10: a,b // c,d by A2;
  reconsider p9=p,q9=q,a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d
    as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
A11: K = Line(a9,b9) by A8,Th41;
A12: K = Line(p9,q9) by A4,Th41;
  then q9 in K by AFF_1:15;
  then
A13: LIN a9,b9,q9 by A11,AFF_1:def 2;
  p9 in K by A12,AFF_1:15;
  then LIN a9,b9,p9 by A11,AFF_1:def 2;
  then
A14: a9,b9 // p9,q9 by A13,AFF_1:10;
A15: p,q _|_ r,s by A5,Def7;
  a9,b9 // c9,d9 by A10,Th36;
  then p9,q9 // c9,d9 by A6,A14,AFF_1:5;
  then p,q // c,d by Th36;
  then r,s _|_ c,d by A3,A15,Def7;
  hence thesis by A7,A9;
end;

theorem Th51:
  a in K & b in K & a,b _|_ K implies a=b
proof
  assume that
A1: a in K and
A2: b in K and
A3: a,b _|_ K;
  consider p,q such that
A4: p<>q and
A5: K = Line(p,q) and
A6: a,b _|_ p,q by A3;
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,p9=p,q9=q as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  set K9 = Line(p9,q9);
  b9 in K9 by A2,A5,Th41;
  then
A7: LIN p9,q9,b9 by AFF_1:def 2;
  a9 in K9 by A1,A5,Th41;
  then LIN p9,q9,a9 by AFF_1:def 2;
  then p9,q9 // a9,b9 by A7,AFF_1:10;
  then
A8: p,q // a,b by Th36;
  p,q _|_ a,b by A6,Def7;
  then a,b _|_ a,b by A4,A8,Def7;
  hence thesis by Def7;
end;

definition
  let POS;
  let K,M be Subset of POS;
  redefine pred K _|_ M;
  irreflexivity
  proof
    let K be Subset of POS;
    assume not thesis;
    then consider a,b such that
A1: a<>b and
A2: K = Line(a,b) and
A3: a,b _|_ K;
    reconsider a9=a,b9=b as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
    K = Line(a9,b9) by A2,Th41;
    then a in K & b in K by AFF_1:15;
    hence contradiction by A1,A3,Th51;
  end;
  symmetry
  proof
    let K,M be Subset of POS;
    assume K _|_ M;
    then consider a,b,c,d such that
A4: a<>b & c <>d & K = Line(a,b) & M = Line(c,d) and
A5: a,b _|_ c,d by Th45;
    c,d _|_ a,b by A5,Def7;
    hence thesis by A4,Th45;
  end;
end;

theorem Th52:
  K _|_ M & K // N implies N _|_ M
proof
  assume that
A1: K _|_ M and
A2: K // N;
  consider r,s such that
A3: r<>s & M = Line(r,s) and
A4: r,s _|_ K by A1,Def13;
  r,s _|_ N by A2,A4,Th50;
  hence thesis by A3,Def13;
end;

theorem
  a in K & b in K & c,d _|_ K implies c,d _|_ a,b & a,b _|_ c,d
proof
  assume that
A1: a in K and
A2: b in K and
A3: c,d _|_ K;
  consider p,q such that
A4: p<>q and
A5: K = Line(p,q) and
A6: c,d _|_ p,q by A3;
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b, p9=p,q9=q as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  LIN p,q, b by A2,A5,Def10;
  then
A7: LIN p9,q9,b9 by Th40;
  LIN p,q,a by A1,A5,Def10;
  then LIN p9,q9,a9 by Th40;
  then p9,q9 // a9, b9 by A7,AFF_1:10;
  then
A8: p,q // a,b by Th36;
  p,q _|_ c,d by A6,Def7;
  hence c,d _|_ a,b by A4,A8,Def7;
  hence thesis by Def7;
end;

theorem Th54:
  a in K & b in K & a<>b & K is being_line implies K =Line(a,b)
proof
  assume that
A1: a in K & b in K & a<>b and
A2: K is being_line;
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  reconsider K9=K as Subset of the AffinStruct of POS;
  K9 is being_line by A2,Th43;
  then K9 = Line(a9,b9) by A1,AFF_1:57;
  hence thesis by Th41;
end;

theorem
  a in K & b in K & a<>b & K is being_line & (a,b _|_ c,d or c,d _|_ a,b
  ) implies c,d _|_ K
proof
  assume that
A1: a in K & b in K and
A2: a<>b and
A3: K is being_line &( a,b _|_ c,d or c,d _|_ a,b);
  c,d _|_ a,b & K = Line(a,b) by A1,A2,A3,Def7,Th54;
  hence thesis by A2;
end;

theorem Th56:
  a in M & b in M & c in N & d in N & M _|_ N implies a,b _|_ c,d
proof
  assume that
A1: a in M and
A2: b in M and
A3: c in N and
A4: d in N and
A5: M _|_ N;
  consider p1,q1,p2,q2 being Element of POS such that
A6: p1<>q1 and
A7: p2<>q2 and
A8: M = Line(p1,q1) and
A9: N = Line(p2,q2) and
A10: p1,q1 _|_ p2,q2 by A5,Th45;
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d,p19=p1,q19=q1,p29=p2,q29=q2
    as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  LIN p1,q1,b by A2,A8,Def10;
  then
A11: LIN p19,q19,b9 by Th40;
  LIN p1,q1,a by A1,A8,Def10;
  then LIN p19,q19,a9 by Th40;
  then p19,q19 // a9,b9 by A11,AFF_1:10;
  then p1,q1 // a,b by Th36;
  then
A12: p2,q2 _|_ a,b by A6,A10,Def7;
  LIN p2,q2,d by A4,A9,Def10;
  then
A13: LIN p29,q29,d9 by Th40;
  LIN p2,q2,c by A3,A9,Def10;
  then LIN p29,q29,c9 by Th40;
  then p29,q29 // c9,d9 by A13,AFF_1:10;
  then p2,q2 // c,d by Th36;
  hence thesis by A7,A12,Def7;
end;

theorem
  p in M & p in N & a in M & b in N & a<>b & a in K & b in K & A _|_ M &
  A _|_ N & K is being_line implies A _|_ K
proof
  assume that
A1: p in M & p in N & a in M & b in N and
A2: a<>b and
A3: a in K & b in K and
A4: A _|_ M and
A5: A _|_ N and
A6: K is being_line;
  A is being_line by A4;
  then consider q,r such that
A7: q<>r and
A8: A = Line(q,r);
  reconsider q9=q,r9=r as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  Line(q,r) = Line(q9,r9) by Th41;
  then q in A & r in A by A8,AFF_1:15;
  then q,r _|_ p,a & q,r _|_ p,b by A1,A4,A5,Th56;
  then
A9: q,r _|_ a,b by Def7;
  K = Line(a,b) by A2,A3,A6,Th54;
  hence thesis by A2,A7,A8,A9,Th45;
end;

theorem Th58:
  b,c _|_ a,a & a,a _|_ b,c & b,c // a,a & a,a // b,c
proof
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  thus b,c _|_ a,a by Def7;
  hence a,a _|_ b,c by Def7;
  b9,c9 // a9,a9 & a9,a9 // b9,c9 by AFF_1:3;
  hence thesis by Th36;
end;

theorem Th59:
  a,b // c,d implies a,b // d,c & b,a // c,d & b,a // d,c & c,d //
  a,b & c,d // b,a & d,c // a,b & d,c // b,a
proof
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9= c,d9=d as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  assume a,b // c,d;
  then
A1: a9,b9 // c9,d9 by Th36;
  then
A2: b9,a9 // d9,c9 & c9,d9 // a9,b9 by AFF_1:4;
A3: d9,c9 // b9,a9 by A1,AFF_1:4;
A4: c9,d9 // b9,a9 & d9,c9 // a9,b9 by A1,AFF_1:4;
  a9,b9 // d9,c9 & b9,a9 // c9,d9 by A1,AFF_1:4;
  hence thesis by A2,A4,A3,Th36;
end;

theorem
  p<>q & ( p,q // a,b & p,q // c,d or p,q // a,b & c,d // p,q or a,b //
  p,q & c,d // p,q or a,b // p,q & p,q // c,d ) implies a,b // c,d
proof
  assume that
A1: p<>q and
A2: p,q // a,b & p,q // c,d or p,q // a,b & c,d // p,q or a,b // p,q & c
  ,d // p,q or a,b // p,q & p,q // c,d;
  reconsider p9=p,q9=q,a9=a, b9=b,c9= c,d9=d
    as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  p9,q9 // a9,b9 & p9,q9 // c9,d9 or p9,q9 // a9,b9 & c9,d9 // p9,q9 or a9
  ,b9 // p9,q9 & c9,d9 // p9,q9 or a9,b9 // p9,q9 & p9,q9 // c9,d9 by A2,Th36;
  then a9,b9 // c9,d9 by A1,AFF_1:5;
  hence thesis by Th36;
end;

theorem Th61:
  a,b _|_ c,d implies a,b _|_ d,c & b,a _|_ c,d & b,a _|_ d,c & c,
  d _|_ a,b & c,d _|_ b,a & d,c _|_ a,b & d,c _|_ b,a
proof
  assume
A1: a,b _|_ c,d;
  then a,b _|_ d,c by Def7;
  then
A2: d,c _|_ a,b by Def7;
  then d,c _|_ b,a by Def7;
  then b,a _|_ d,c by Def7;
  then b,a _|_ c,d by Def7;
  hence thesis by A1,A2,Def7;
end;

theorem Th62:
  p<>q & ( p,q // a,b & p,q _|_ c,d or p,q // c,d & p,q _|_ a,b or
p,q // a,b & c,d _|_ p,q or p,q // c,d & a,b _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q & c,d _|_ p,
  q or c,d // p,q & a,b _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q & p,q _|_ c,d or c,d // p,q & p,q
  _|_ a,b ) implies a,b _|_ c,d
proof
  assume that
A1: p<>q and
A2: p,q // a,b & p,q _|_ c,d or p,q // c,d & p,q _|_ a,b or p,q // a,b &
c,d _|_ p,q or p,q // c,d & a,b _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q & c,d _|_ p,q or c,d // p
  ,q & a,b _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q & p,q _|_ c,d or c,d // p,q & p,q _|_ a,b;
A3: now
    assume p,q // a,b & p,q _|_ c,d or p,q // a,b & c,d _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q
    & c,d _|_ p,q or a,b // p,q & p,q _|_ c,d;
    then p,q // a,b & p,q _|_ c,d by Th59,Th61;
    then c,d _|_ a,b by A1,Def7;
    hence thesis by Th61;
  end;
  now
    assume p,q // c,d & p,q _|_ a,b or p,q // c,d & a,b _|_ p,q or c,d // p,
    q & a,b _|_ p,q or c,d // p,q & p,q _|_ a,b;
    then p,q // c,d & p,q _|_ a,b by Th59,Th61;
    hence thesis by A1,Def7;
  end;
  hence thesis by A2,A3;
end;

reserve POS for OrtAfPl;
reserve K,M,N for Subset of POS;
reserve x,a,b,c,d,p,q for Element of POS;

theorem Th63:
  p<>q & ( p,q _|_ a,b & p,q _|_ c,d or p,q _|_ a,b & c,d _|_ p,q
or a,b _|_ p,q & c,d _|_ p,q or a,b _|_ p,q & p,q _|_ c,d ) implies a,b // c,d
proof
  assume that
A1: p<>q and
A2: p,q _|_ a,b & p,q _|_ c,d or p,q _|_ a,b & c,d _|_ p,q or a,b _|_ p,
  q & c,d _|_ p,q or a,b _|_ p,q & p,q _|_ c,d;
  p,q _|_ a,b & p,q _|_ c,d by A2,Th61;
  hence thesis by A1,Def8;
end;

theorem
  a in M & b in M & a<>b & M is being_line & c in N & d in N & c <>d & N
  is being_line & a,b // c,d implies M // N
proof
  assume that
A1: a in M & b in M and
A2: a<>b and
A3: M is being_line & c in N & d in N and
A4: c <>d and
A5: N is being_line and
A6: a,b // c,d;
  M = Line(a,b) & N = Line(c,d) by A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,Th54;
  hence thesis by A2,A4,A6;
end;

theorem
  M _|_ K & N _|_ K implies M // N
proof
  assume that
A1: M _|_ K and
A2: N _|_ K;
  consider p1,q1,a,b being Element of POS such that
A3: p1<>q1 and
A4: a<>b and
A5: K = Line(p1,q1) and
A6: M = Line(a,b) and
A7: p1,q1 _|_ a,b by A1,Th45;
  consider p2,q2,c,d being Element of POS such that
A8: p2<>q2 and
A9: c <>d and
A10: K = Line(p2,q2) and
A11: N = Line(c,d) and
A12: p2,q2 _|_ c,d by A2,Th45;
  reconsider p19=p1,p29=p2,q19=q1,q29=q2 as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
A13: Line(p19,q19) = Line(p2,q2) by A5,A10,Th41
    .= Line(p29,q29) by Th41;
  then q29 in Line(p19,q19) by AFF_1:15;
  then
A14: LIN p19,q19,q29 by AFF_1:def 2;
  p29 in Line(p19,q19) by A13,AFF_1:15;
  then LIN p19,q19,p29 by AFF_1:def 2;
  then p19,q19 // p29,q29 by A14,AFF_1:10;
  then p1,q1 // p2,q2 by Th36;
  then a,b _|_ p2,q2 by A3,A7,Th62;
  then a,b // c,d by A8,A12,Th63;
  hence thesis by A4,A6,A9,A11;
end;

theorem Th66:
  M _|_ N implies ex p st p in M & p in N
proof
  reconsider M9=M,N9=N as Subset of the AffinStruct of POS;
  assume
A1: M _|_ N;
  then M is being_line;
  then
A2: M9 is being_line by Th43;
  N is being_line by A1,Th44;
  then
A3: N9 is being_line by Th43;
  not M // N by A1,Th52;
  then not M9 // N9 by Th46;
  hence thesis by A2,A3,AFF_1:58;
end;

theorem Th67:
  a,b _|_ c,d implies ex p st LIN a,b,p & LIN c,d,p
proof
  reconsider a9=a,b9=b,c9=c,d9=d as Element of the AffinStruct of POS;
  assume
A1: a,b _|_ c,d;
A2: now
    set M = Line(a,b),N = Line(c,d);
    assume a<>b & c <>d;
    then M _|_ N by A1,Th45;
    then consider p such that
A3: p in M & p in N by Th66;
    LIN a,b,p & LIN c,d,p by A3,Def10;
    hence thesis;
  end;
  LIN a9,b9,a9 by AFF_1:7;
  then
A4: LIN a,b,a by Th40;
A5: now
    assume c =d;
    then c,d // c,a by Th58;
    then LIN c,d,a;
    hence thesis by A4;
  end;
  LIN c9,d9,c9 by AFF_1:7;
  then
A6: LIN c,d,c by Th40;
  now
    assume a=b;
    then a,b // a,c by Th58;
    then LIN a,b,c;
    hence thesis by A6;
  end;
  hence thesis by A5,A2;
end;

theorem
  a,b _|_ K implies ex p st LIN a,b,p & p in K
proof
  assume a,b _|_ K;
  then consider p,q such that
  p<>q and
A1: K = Line(p,q) and
A2: a,b _|_ p,q;
  consider c such that
A3: LIN a,b,c and
A4: LIN p,q,c by A2,Th67;
  c in K by A1,A4,Def10;
  hence thesis by A3;
end;

theorem Th69:
  ex x st a,x _|_ p,q & LIN p,q,x
proof
A1: now
    assume p<>q;
    then consider x such that
A2: p,q // p,x & p,q _|_ x,a by Def7;
    take x;
    thus a,x _|_ p,q & LIN p,q,x by A2,Th61;
  end;
  now
    assume
A3: p=q;
    take x=a;
    p,q // p,a by A3,Th58;
    hence a,x _|_ p,q & LIN p,q,x by Th58;
  end;
  hence thesis by A1;
end;

theorem
  K is being_line implies ex x st a,x _|_ K & x in K
proof
  assume K is being_line;
  then consider p,q such that
A1: p<>q and
A2: K = Line(p,q);
  consider x such that
A3: a,x _|_ p,q and
A4: LIN p,q,x by Th69;
  take x;
  thus a,x _|_ K by A1,A2,A3;
  thus thesis by A2,A4,Def10;
end;