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<s>[INST] Does rhubarb attenuate the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by inhibiting MAPKs in rats? [/INST] yes, We suggest that rhubarb probably attenuates AP by inhibiting activation of MAPKs and expression of inflammatory mediators. The source for this answer is PMID: 23240749. </s>

<s>[INST] Is glyphosate resistance in Sorghum halepense and Lolium rigidum reduced at suboptimal growing temperatures? [/INST] yes, It is possible to increase the control of glyphosate-resistant S. halepense and L. rigidum populations by treatment with glyphosate during growing conditions at suboptimal low temperatures. Conversely, glyphosate failure will continue to occur on glyphosate-resistant populations treated during periods of higher temperatures. The source for this answer is PMID: 23255521. </s>

<s>[INST] Do pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors regulate signaling pathways involved in proliferative and pro-inflammatory mechanisms in H9c2 cells? [/INST] yes, Our data show that both CBHA and TSA induced similar, but not identical, time-dependent, gene networks in H9c2 cardiac myocytes. Initially, both HDACIs impinged on numerous genes associated with adipokine signaling, intracellular metabolism and energetics, and cell cycle. A continued exposure to either CBHA or TSA led to the emergence of a number of apoptosis- and inflammation-specific gene networks that were apparently suppressed by both HDACIs. Based on these data we posit that the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions of HDACIs are myocyte-intrinsic. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms of actions of HDACIs on cardiac myocytes and reveal potential signaling pathways that may be targeted therapeutically. The source for this answer is PMID: 23249388. </s>

<s>[INST] Are negative ion fragmentations of disulfide-containing cross-linking reagents competitive with aspartic acid side-chain-induced cleavages? [/INST] yes, Low-energy cleavage processes from aspartic acid that compete with cross-linker fragmentations occur in the negative ion MS/MS spectra of the cross-linked peptides, irrespective of the spacer arm length. Other fragmentation pathways do not significantly interfere with low-energy disulfide cleavage, making the presence of additional product ions in the MS/MS spectrum diagnostic for the presence of aspartic acid. The source for this answer is PMID: 23239338. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pretreatment of natural caries lesions affect penetration depth of infiltrants in vitro? [/INST] yes, Application of either ethanol or acetone, followed by air-drying, is suitable to prepare caries lesions for resin infiltration in vitro. The source for this answer is PMID: 23262835. </s>

<s>[INST] Do glucocorticoids affect 24 h clock genes expression in human adipose tissue explant cultures? [/INST] yes, 24 h patterns in CLOCK and BMAL1 (positive clock elements) and PER2 (negative element) mRNA levels were observed in human adipose explants. These patterns were altered by dexamethasone exposure. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251369. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pifithrin-α enhance the survival of transplanted neural stem cells in stroke rats by inhibiting p53 nuclear translocation? [/INST] yes, Our results indicate that PFT-α enhances the survival of grafted NSCs through the inhibition of p53 translocation into the nucleus. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253187. </s>

<s>[INST] Does high-salt diet increase hormonal sensitivity in skin pre-capillary resistance vessels? [/INST] yes, Our data demonstrate significantly increased hormonal vasoreactivity of skin vessels from rats on a high-salt diet, which could increase peripheral resistance in many situations and contribute to higher pressure in salt-sensitive hypertension. As vessels from adjacent muscle were unaffected, we raise the interesting possibility that increased vasoreactivity in the skin could be linked to osmotically inactive Na(+) accumulation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253180. </s>

<s>[INST] Is impaired vigilance and increased accident rate in public transport operators associated with sleep disorders? [/INST] yes, PTOs had a high prevalence of sleep disorders, particularly OSA, which demonstrated a higher prevalence of work related accidents. Elimination of OSA led to significant subjective and objective improvements in daytime function. Our findings argue for greater awareness of sleep disorders and associated impacts on daytime function in public transport drivers. The source for this answer is PMID: 23262460. </s>

<s>[INST] Does glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase negatively regulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection? [/INST] yes, These findings indicate that GAPDH negatively regulates HIV-1 infection and provide insights into a novel function of GAPDH in the HIV-1 life cycle and a new host defense mechanism against HIV-1 infection. The source for this answer is PMID: 23237566. </s>

<s>[INST] Do effect of high-frequency alternating current on spinal afferent nociceptive transmission? [/INST] yes, Delivery of HFAC to the region of epidural nerve root or nerve root entry inhibited afferent nociceptive input and therefore may have potential to serve as an alternative to traditional spinal cord stimulation without sensory paresthesia as neuronal activation cannot occur at frequencies in this range. The source for this answer is PMID: 23252766. </s>

<s>[INST] Do β-Sitosterol oxidation products attenuate vasorelaxation by increasing reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2? [/INST] yes, This study provides novel experimental evidence showing the harmful effects of SOPs on endothelial function. The source for this answer is PMID: 23250922. </s>

<s>[INST] Does cyclophilin A predict clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy? [/INST] yes, CyPA is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23243067. </s>

<s>[INST] Is acemannan , a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera , effective in the treatment of oral aphthous ulceration? [/INST] yes, Acemannan can be used for the treatment of oral aphthous ulceration in patients who wish to avoid the use of steroid medication, although the effectiveness was not comparable to that of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The source for this answer is PMID: 23240939. </s>

<s>[INST] Do multiple mechanisms contribute to leakiness of a frameshift mutation in canine cone-rod dystrophy? [/INST] yes, We observed a low rate of use of alternative start codons having potential to allow forms of transcript not including the insertion, with the possibility of encoding truncated functional RPGRIP1 protein isoforms. Complex alternative splicing was observed, but did not increase this potential. Variable polyA(n) length was confirmed in DNA from different RPGRIP1(-/-) dogs, yet polyA(n) variability did not correspond with the clinical phenotypes and no individual was found that carried a polyA(n) tract capable of encoding an in-frame variant. Remarkably though, in luciferase reporter gene assays, out-of-frame inserts still allowed downstream reporter gene expression at some 40% of the efficiency of in-frame controls. This indicates a major role of transcriptional or translational frameshifting in RPGRIP1 expression. The known slippage of reverse transcriptases as well as RNA polymerases and thermostable DNA polymerases on oligoA homopolymers meant that we could not distinguish whether the majority of slippage was transcriptional or translational. This leakiness at the mutation site may allow escape from severe effects of the mutation for some dogs. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251588. </s>

<s>[INST] Are esophageal self-expandable stent material and mesh grid density the major determining factors of external beam radiation dose perturbation : results from a phantom model? [/INST] yes, Stent characteristics should be considered when selecting the optimal stent for treatment and palliation of malignant esophageal strictures, especially when adjuvant or neo-adjuvant radiotherapy is planned. The source for this answer is PMID: 23254405. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pINK1 positively regulate IL-1β-mediated signaling through Tollip and IRAK1 modulation? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that PINK1 upregulates IL-1β-mediated signaling through the functional modulation of Tollip and IRAK1. These results further suggest that PINK1 stimulates the ubiquitination of proximal molecules and increases signalosome formation in the IL-1β-mediated signaling pathway. The present study therefore supports the idea of the close relationship between neuroinflammation and PD. The source for this answer is PMID: 23244239. </s>

<s>[INST] Does interleukin 6 augment mechanical strain-induced C-reactive protein synthesis via the stretch-activated channel-nuclear factor κ B signal pathway? [/INST] yes, These results indicate that the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 alone does not induce CRP synthesis in vessels in the absence of mechanical strain; however, IL-6 augments mechanical strain-induced CRP synthesis in vessels via the stretch-activated channel-NF-κB pathway. The source for this answer is PMID: 23257175. </s>

<s>[INST] Does increasing lead burden correlate with externalized cables during systematic fluoroscopic screening of Riata leads? [/INST] yes, The Riata family of leads has a high incidence of mechanical failure, as demonstrated on fluoroscopic screening. In this study, the 7-Fr models were just as likely to mechanically fail as the 8-Fr models. Increasing lead burden and a diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy correlated with insulation failure. The source for this answer is PMID: 23254319. </s>

<s>[INST] Does transcriptome analysis reveal markers of aberrantly activated innate immunity in vitiligo lesional and non-lesional skin? [/INST] yes, As the first systematic transcriptome characterization of the skin in vitiligo patients, this study revealed previously unknown molecular markers that strongly suggest aberrant innate immune activation in the microenvironment of vitiligo skin. Since these changes involve both lesional and non-lesional skin, our results suggest that therapies targeting the entire skin surface may improve treatment outcomes. Finally, this study revealed novel mediators that may facilitate future development of vitiligo therapies. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251420. </s>

<s>[INST] Does non-selective betablocker therapy decrease intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis? [/INST] yes, Abnormal gastroduodenal/intestinal permeability, anti-gliadin antibodies, and bacterial translocation are common findings in cirrhotic patients and are correlated with the degree of portal hypertension. NSBB treatment ameliorates gastroduodenal/intestinal permeability and reduces bacterial translocation partially independent of their hemodynamic effects on portal pressure, which may contribute to a reduced risk of variceal bleeding. The source for this answer is PMID: 23262249. </s>

<s>[INST] Does presenilin-1 regulate the constitutive turnover of the fibronectin matrix in endothelial cells? [/INST] yes, These studies show that PS1 regulates the constitutive turnover of the fibronectin matrix in endothelial cells. These studies provide molecular clues that may help to explain the origin of the vascular dysgenesis that develops in PS1-/- embryonic mice. The source for this answer is PMID: 23259730. </s>

<s>[INST] Do histamine-2 receptor blockers alter the fecal microbiota in premature infants? [/INST] yes, Although not designed to look specifically at the effect of H2-blockers on the incidence of NEC, our study suggests that their use lowers fecal microbial diversity and shifts the microfloral pattern toward Proteobacteria. These alterations in fecal microbiota may predispose the vulnerable immature gut to necrotizing enterocolitis and suggest prudence in the use of H2-blockers in the premature infant. The source for this answer is PMID: 23254444. </s>

<s>[INST] Is factor V Leiden mutation a predisposing factor for acute coronary syndromes? [/INST] no, The results of present study showed absence of FVL mutation in our population. However, there is a need to confirm the above findings on patients from different populations from different parts of the country. The insertion of an extra A in exon 10 in the patient needs to be ascertained to confirm that it is one of its kinds or is prevalent in the population. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253409. </s>

<s>[INST] Is heart transplant graft survival improved after a reduction in panel reactive antibody activity? [/INST] yes, Sensitized patients who had a substantial reduction in panel reactive antibody activity had an associated decline in the incidence of graft failure compared with those without a panel reactive antibody activity reduction. These results support efforts to reduce panel reactive antibody activity before orthotopic heart transplantation in patients with high panel reactive antibody activity. The source for this answer is PMID: 23246047. </s>

<s>[INST] Are patient reports of cognitive problems associated with neuropsychological test performance in bariatric surgery candidates? [/INST] no, These findings suggest that bariatric surgery candidates have little insight into their current level of cognitive function. Future work is needed to confirm these findings and identify brief, objective measures of cognitive function that are sensitive to deficits in bariatric surgery candidates. The source for this answer is PMID: 23245496. </s>

<s>[INST] Do face stimuli effectively prevent brain-computer interface inefficiency in patients with neurodegenerative disease? [/INST] yes, In conclusion, we confirm previously reported results now systematically validated in an online setting and display specifically beneficial effects of FF for motor-impaired users. The source for this answer is PMID: 23246415. </s>

<s>[INST] Is home-based cardiac rehabilitation an attractive alternative to no cardiac rehabilitation for elderly patients with coronary heart disease : results from a randomised clinical trial? [/INST] yes, Participation in home-based CR improved exercise capacity among elderly patients with coronary heart disease, but there was no significant difference between the home intervention and the control group. In addition, no significant difference was found in the secondary outcomes. When intervention ceased, the initial increase in exercise capacity was rapidly lost. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253876. </s>

<s>[INST] Do olea europaea pollen lipids activate invariant natural killer T cells by upregulating CD1d expression on dendritic cells? [/INST] yes, Lipids from O europaea pollen upregulate CD1d and CD86 molecules on DCs, which are then able to activate iNKT cells through a CD1d-dependent pathway. The source for this answer is PMID: 23265858. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin decreased in pregnancy : a prospective longitudinal study? [/INST] yes, We conclude that hepcidin levels were suppressed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, which was likely determined by the occurrence of iron deficiency. These data give insight in iron homeostasis during normal pregnancy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241678. </s>

<s>[INST] Are genetic polymorphisms in the Fas and FasL genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer risk and clinical outcomes? [/INST] yes, Functional polymorphisms in the Fas and FasL genes may be involved in epithelial ovarian cancer development and progression in northern Chinese women. The source for this answer is PMID: 23234803. </s>

<s>[INST] Is dopamine receptor D2 genotype ( 3438 ) associated with moderate/severe endometriosis in infertile women in Brazil? [/INST] yes, Our results revealed that an excess of DRD2 polymorphism 2 was found in exon 7 in women with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. The presence of polymorphism 2 could cause a defect in a post-receptor signaling mechanism, resulting in a mild increase in serum prolactin levels. Thus, the potential angiogenic role of prolactin may play a role in the implantation of ectopic endometriosis tissue. The source for this answer is PMID: 23260856. </s>

<s>[INST] Do antimüllerian hormone levels decrease in women using combined contraception independently of administration route? [/INST] yes, The decrease of serum AMH levels during the use of all combined contraceptives indicates that folliculogenesis is arrested independently of administration route. The source for this answer is PMID: 23260855. </s>

<s>[INST] Do thermo and mechanical cycling and veneering method influence Y-TZP core/veneer interface bond strength? [/INST] no, Thermal and mechanical cycling, as well as the veneering technique does not affect Y-TZP core-veneer bond strength. The source for this answer is PMID: 23238305. </s>

<s>[INST] Does an IL-17 peptide-based and virus-like particle vaccine enhance the bioactivity of IL-17 in vitro and in vivo? [/INST] yes, The IL-17 peptide-based vaccine enhances the bioactivity of IL-17 in vitro and in vivo, providing a potential immunotherapy for treatment of diseases associated with insufficient IL-17 production, such as hyper-IgE syndrome. The source for this answer is PMID: 23240747. </s>

<s>[INST] Does sonic Hedgehog regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor in normal and regenerating cavernous nerves? [/INST] yes, SHH regulates BDNF in the normal and regenerating PG/CN. BDNF is part of the mechanism of how SHH promotes regeneration, thus providing an opportunity to further manipulate the nerve microenvironment with combination therapy to enhance regeneration. The source for this answer is PMID: 23237228. </s>

<s>[INST] Does absence of the sagittal suture result in scaphocephaly? [/INST] no, The authors found that the isolated absence of the sagittal suture does not produce a scaphocephalic skull shape. The source for this answer is PMID: 23263744. </s>

<s>[INST] Are brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels associated with mortality in critically ill patients even in the absence of brain injury? [/INST] yes, The plasma levels of BDNF were independently associated with mortality, even in the absence of clinically detectable brain dysfunction. The source for this answer is PMID: 23245494. </s>

<s>[INST] Does postmortem and ex vivo carbon monoxide ventilation reduce injury in rat lungs transplanted from non-heart-beating donors? [/INST] yes, Administration of carbon monoxide to the deceased donor and non-heart-beating donor lungs reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lungs transplanted from non-heart-beating donors. Therapy to the deceased donor via the airway may improve post-transplant lung function. The source for this answer is PMID: 23260460. </s>

<s>[INST] Does activation of the canonical WNT signaling pathway promote ovarian surface epithelial proliferation without inducing β-catenin/Tcf-mediated reporter expression? [/INST] yes, These observations suggest that in ovarian adenocarcinoma, dysregulated WNT signaling may not always be indicative of β-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcriptional activity. The source for this answer is PMID: 23239518. </s>

<s>[INST] Do eosinophils mediate the pathogenesis of halothane-induced liver injury in mice? [/INST] yes, Our findings indicate that eosinophils have a pathologic role in HILI in mice and suggest that they may contribute similarly in many clinical cases of DILI. The source for this answer is PMID: 23238640. </s>

<s>[INST] Is high-sensitivity troponin T associated with poor outcome in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease? [/INST] yes, Levels of hsTnT were abnormal in a substantial proportion of CHD-PAH patients. A significant inverse relationship was found between hsTnT and survival. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241414. </s>

<s>[INST] Do plaque-associated vasa vasorum in aged apolipoprotein E-deficient mice exhibit proatherogenic functional features in vivo? [/INST] yes, Using a novel in vivo functional imaging strategy, we showed that plaque-associated vasa vasorum were angiogenically active and, albeit poorly, perfused. Moreover, plaque-associated vasa vasorum showed increased permeability, reduced blood flow, and increased leukocyte adhesion and extravasation (ie, characteristics that could contribute to plaque progression and destabilization). The source for this answer is PMID: 23241413. </s>

<s>[INST] Does human apolipoprotein A-II protect against diet-induced atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that enrichment of apo A-II in high-density lipoprotein particles has atheroprotective effects and apo A-II may become a target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241412. </s>

<s>[INST] Does platelet IκB kinase-β deficiency increase mouse arterial neointima formation via delayed glycoprotein Ibα shedding? [/INST] yes, Platelet IKKβ deficiency increases the formation of injury-induced arterial neointima formation. Thus, nuclear factor-κB-related inhibitors should be carefully evaluated for use in patients after an arterial intervention. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241410. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pasteurization of mother 's own milk for preterm infants reduce the incidence of late-onset sepsis? [/INST] no, For preterm infants, pasteurization of mother's own milk shows a trend towards an increase in infectious morbidity, although no statistical significance was reached. Practices should focus on collection, storage and labeling procedures to ensure the safety and quality of expressed milk. The source for this answer is PMID: 23258423. </s>

<s>[INST] Does extent of intraoperative muscle dissection affect long-term outcomes after minimally invasive surgery versus open-transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery : A prospective longitudinal cohort study? [/INST] no, Increased intraoperative muscle trauma unexpectedly observed in higher postoperative CPK levels for MIS-TLIF versus open-TLIF did not correlate with any differences in two-year improvement in pain and functional disability. The source for this answer is PMID: 23248754. </s>

<s>[INST] Does metabolic tumor volume predict disease progression and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal? [/INST] yes, MTV-T yields prognostic information on PFS and EFS beyond that of established prognostic factors in patients with anal cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236018. </s>

<s>[INST] Is moderate glucose control associated with increased mortality compared with tight glucose control in critically ill patients without diabetes? [/INST] yes, Moderate glucose control (90-140 mg/dL) may confer greater mortality in critically ill patients without diabetes compared with tight glucose control (80-110 mg/dL). A single glucose target does not appear optimal for all critically ill patients. These data have important implications for the design of future interventional trials as well as for the glycemic management of critically ill patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 23238456. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the entry inhibitor Myrcludex-B efficiently block intrahepatic virus spreading in humanized mice previously infected with hepatitis B virus? [/INST] yes, Myrcludex-B efficiently not only prevented HBV spreading from infected human hepatocytes in vivo, but also hindered amplification of the cccDNA pool in initially infected hepatocytes. Administration of an entry inhibitor, possibly used in combination with current HBV drugs, may improve patients' treatment outcome. The source for this answer is PMID: 23246506. </s>

<s>[INST] Does recombinant human erythropoietin attenuate neuronal apoptosis and cognitive defects via JAK2/STAT3 signaling in experimental endotoxemia? [/INST] yes, These results indicated that rhEPO improves brain dysfunction by reducing neuronal apoptosis, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling is likely to be involved. Application of rhEPO may serve as a potential therapy for the treatment of septic encephalopathy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236988. </s>

<s>[INST] Is degeneration of the injured cervical cord associated with remote changes in corticospinal tract integrity and upper limb impairment? [/INST] yes, Axonal degeneration of the CST in the atrophic cervical cord, proximal to the site of injury, parallels cranial CST degeneration and is associated with disability. This DTI protocol can be used in longitudinal assessment of microstructural changes immediately following injury and may be utilised to predict progression and monitor interventions aimed at promoting spinal cord repair. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251612. </s>

<s>[INST] Does universal access to ambulance increase overall demand for ambulance services in Queensland , Australia? [/INST] no, The introduction of universal access under the Community Ambulance Cover program in Queensland has not had any significant independent long-term impact on demand overall. There has been a reduction in the long-term growth rate, which may have been contributed to by an 'appropriate use' public awareness program. The source for this answer is PMID: 23237427. </s>

<s>[INST] Does paeoniflorin regulate macrophage activation in dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats? [/INST] yes, Macrophage activation was disrupted in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney during development of DMN-induced liver fibrosis. PF administration attenuated DMN-induced liver fibrosis at least in part by regulating macrophage disruption in the main organs. The source for this answer is PMID: 23237422. </s>

<s>[INST] Does timing of inhaled tobramycin affect assessment of intravenous tobramycin pharmacokinetic monitoring? [/INST] yes, Trough tobramycin concentrations were significantly influenced in some CF patients (45%), suggesting that timing of the inhaled dose should be considered when interpreting PK measures of IV tobramycin dosing. The source for this answer is PMID: 23266092. </s>

<s>[INST] Is rotavirus acceleration of murine type 1 diabetes associated with a T helper 1-dependent specific serum antibody response and virus effects in regional lymph nodes? [/INST] yes, Acceleration of murine diabetes by rotavirus is virus strain-specific and associated with virus spread to regional lymph nodes, activation of antigen-presenting cells at these sites and induction of a Th1-dominated antibody and cytokine response. The source for this answer is PMID: 23238791. </s>

<s>[INST] Does inhibiting EGF receptor or SRC family kinase signaling overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma? [/INST] yes, Therapies that target the driver oncogenes in cancer can achieve remarkable responses if patients are stratified for treatment. However, as with conventional therapies, patients often develop acquired resistance to targeted therapies, and a proportion of patients are intrinsically resistant and fail to respond despite the presence of an appropriate driver oncogene mutation. We found that the EGFR/SFK pathway mediated resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF -mutant melanoma and that BRAF and EGFR or SFK inhibition blocked proliferation and invasion of these resistant tumors, providing potentially effective therapeutic options for these patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 23242808. </s>

<s>[INST] Does peri-pubertal gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment affect hippocampus gene expression without changing spatial orientation in young sheep? [/INST] yes, Our results indicate that GnRH directly and/or indirectly, is involved in the regulation of sex- and side-specific expression patterns of genes. Hence, these results should be considered when long-term peri-pubertal GnRHa treatment is used in children. The source for this answer is PMID: 23266521. </s>

<s>[INST] Are malnutrition and poor food intake associated with prolonged hospital stay , frequent readmissions , and greater in-hospital mortality : results from the Nutrition Care Day Survey 2010? [/INST] yes, The ANCDS establishes that malnutrition and poor food intake are independently associated with in-hospital mortality in the Australian and New Zealand acute care setting. The source for this answer is PMID: 23260602. </s>

<s>[INST] Do bone density and neuromuscular function in older competitive athletes depend on running distance? [/INST] yes, The stepwise relation between short-, middle- and long-distance athletes on bone suggests that the higher-impact loading protocols in short-distance disciplines are more effective in promoting aBMD. The regional effect on bone, with the differences between the groups being most marked at load-bearing regions (legs, hip, spine and trunk) rather than non-load-bearing regions, is further evidence in support of the idea that bone adaptation to exercise is dependent upon the local loading environment, rather than as part of a systemic effect. The source for this answer is PMID: 23242430. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the transcription factor Myt3 act as a pro-survival factor in β-cells? [/INST] yes, We have identified Myt3 as a novel transcriptional regulator with a critical role in β-cell survival. These data are an important step in clarifying the regulatory networks responsible for β-cell survival, and point to Myt3 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional β-cell mass. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236509. </s>

<s>[INST] Does depletion of endothelial or smooth muscle cell-specific angiotensin II type 1a receptors influence aortic aneurysms or atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice? [/INST] no, Although previous studies have demonstrated whole body AT1a receptor deficiency diminishes atherosclerosis and AAAs, depletion of AT1a receptors in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells did not affect either of these vascular pathologies. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236507. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the napkin-ring sign indicate advanced atherosclerotic lesions in coronary CT angiography? [/INST] yes, The assessment of the plaque pattern improves diagnostic accuracy of CCTA to identify advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The CCTA finding of NRS has a high specificity and high positive predictive value for the presence of advanced lesions. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236975. </s>

<s>[INST] Are early infections associated with increased risk for celiac disease : an incident case-referent study? [/INST] yes, This study suggests that having repeated infectious episodes early in life increases the risk for later celiac disease. In addition, we found a synergistic effect between early infections and daily amount of gluten intake, more pronounced among infants for whom breastfeeding had been discontinued prior to gluten introduction. Regarding contribution to the Swedish celiac disease epidemic, which partly was attributed to concurrent changes in infant feeding, early infections probably made a minor contribution via the synergistic effect with gluten amount. The source for this answer is PMID: 23249321. </s>

<s>[INST] Are plasma carotenoid concentrations of infants increased by feeding a milk-based infant formula supplemented with carotenoids? [/INST] yes, Plasma carotenoid concentrations of infants fed the supplemented formulas were within the range of the HM group and are consistent with reported plasma carotenoid ranges in human milk-fed infants. The experimental formulas were well tolerated and anthropometric measurements were comparable among all study groups. The source for this answer is PMID: 23255208. </s>

<s>[INST] Are sex and age determinants of the clinical phenotype of primary biliary cirrhosis and response to ursodeoxycholic acid? [/INST] yes, Among patients with PBC, response to UDCA, treatment and symptoms are related to sex and age at presentation, with the lowest response rates and highest levels of symptoms in women presenting at younger than age 50. Increased severity of fatigue in women is related to increased autonomic symptoms, making dysautonomia a plausible therapeutic target. The source for this answer is PMID: 23246637. </s>

<s>[INST] Does injection of vascular endothelial growth factor into knee joints induce osteoarthritis in mice? [/INST] yes, The findings suggest an active role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of OA and render support to a possible role for subchondral bone sclerosis in the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23257244. </s>

<s>[INST] Are common PPARγ variants C161T and Pro12Ala associated with inflammatory bowel disease in an Australian cohort? [/INST] no, We were unable to replicate in a Caucasian cohort the recent association between PPARγ C161T and UC or between PPARγ Pro12Ala and an extensive UC phenotype in a Chinese population. There are significant ethnic differences in genetic susceptibility to IBD and its phenotypic expression. The source for this answer is PMID: 23256116. </s>

<s>[INST] Does tacrolimus enhance the potency of posaconazole against Rhizopus oryzae in vitro and in an experimental model of mucormycosis? [/INST] yes, Combination posaconazole-tacrolimus therapy displays synergism in vitro and improved antifungal efficacy in vivo in 2 phylogenetically distinct models of mucormycosis. The source for this answer is PMID: 23242544. </s>

<s>[INST] Does memory training ( MT ) in mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) generate change in cognitive performance? [/INST] yes, MT is a feasible non-pharmacological intervention which might bring positive performance change in older adults facing cognitive impairment. The source for this answer is PMID: 23260332. </s>

<s>[INST] Is stat3 a positive regulator of gap junctional intercellular communication in cultured , human lung carcinoma cells? [/INST] yes, Our findings demonstrate that although Stat3 is generally growth promoting and in an activated form it can act as an oncogene, it is actually required for gap junctional communication both in nontransformed lung epithelial cells and in certain lung cancer lines that retain extensive GJIC. The source for this answer is PMID: 23244248. </s>

<s>[INST] Are cognitive functions in middle aged individuals related to metabolic disturbances and aerobic capacity : a cross-sectional study? [/INST] yes, Low cognitive scores are seen in middle aged individuals with hyperinsulinemia, low insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function and low aerobic capacity. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate lifestyle and not only blood glucose control in prevention of cognitive disability. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251434. </s>

<s>[INST] Does matrix metalloproteinase-28 deletion exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and rupture after myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting M2 macrophage activation? [/INST] yes, MMP-28 deletion aggravated MI-induced LV dysfunction and rupture as a result of defective inflammatory response and scar formation by suppressing M2 macrophage activation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23261783. </s>

<s>[INST] Are serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels inversely related to endothelial function in chronic kidney disease? [/INST] yes, Circulating GGT levels significantly associate with endothelial dysfunction, an important early feature of the atherogenic process. GGT might be an early marker of oxidative or other cellular stress that it is possibly directly related to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. The source for this answer is PMID: 23242503. </s>

<s>[INST] Do diverse effects of oats on cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6 mice correlate with expression of hepatic bile acid-producing enzymes? [/INST] yes, Our data do not support a connection between altered microbiota diversity and reduced plasma cholesterol, but the bacterial composition in the intestine may influence the effects of added fibres. The cholesterol-lowering properties of oats involve increased production of bile acids via the classical pathway with up-regulation of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1. Altered cholesterol or bile acid metabolism may interfere with the potential of oats to reduce plasma cholesterol. The source for this answer is PMID: 23262749. </s>

<s>[INST] Is native soluble carcinoembryonic antigen involved in the impaired activity of CD56 natural killer cells in malignant pleural effusion? [/INST] no, These results demonstrated that native soluble carcinoembryonic antigen does not suppress the activity of NK cells, and an unknown factor with a molecular weight >100 kDa plays a critical role in the impairment of CD56(dim) NK cells in MPE, which might lead to tumor progression. The source for this answer is PMID: 23258197. </s>

<s>[INST] Do the durations of past sickness absences predict future absence episodes? [/INST] yes, The risk of recurrent sickness absences is higher for longer sickness-absence spells, which are often recurrent in nature. In addition, short absence spells predict future longer spells, suggesting that short absences are not trivial for health. The source for this answer is PMID: 23235465. </s>

<s>[INST] Is validity of self-reported hypertension inversely associated with the level of education in Brazilian individuals? [/INST] yes, Self-reported hypertension was shown to be valid in adults and the elderly in the city of São Paulo, and is thus an appropriate indicator for the surveillance of hypertension prevalence in the absence of blood pressure measurement. Overweight was positively associated with validity of self-reported hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the inverse association between the validity of self-reported hypertension and level of education. The source for this answer is PMID: 23250833. </s>

<s>[INST] Does a contralesional EEG power increase mediated by interhemispheric disconnection provide negative prognosis in acute stroke? [/INST] yes, Contralesional EEG delta activity retains relevant negative prognostic information in acute stroke patients. Present results point to the interhemispheric interplay as a decisive target in setting up enriched rehabilitations. The source for this answer is PMID: 23254689. </s>

<s>[INST] Does glenoid articular conformity affect stress distributions in total shoulder arthroplasty? [/INST] yes, Stress from periphery loading is higher than from the center and transition region regardless of component design and is highest in the conforming design. The stress at the transition region of the hybrid design was not higher than the other 2 designs. The hybrid design has favorable characteristics based on its low stress at the periphery and greater contact area with the humeral head at the center. The source for this answer is PMID: 23237721. </s>

<s>[INST] Do the use of mandibular implant-retained overdentures improve patient satisfaction and quality of life? [/INST] yes, The analyses illustrate that patient general satisfaction and oral health-related QOL are greater with mandibular implant-retained overdentures than conventional dentures, but the magnitude of these effects remain uncertain, and heterogeneity of outcomes was observed. The review sheds no new light on the effect of the treatment on general health related QOL. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253842. </s>

<s>[INST] Is current use of calcium channel blockers ( CCBs ) associated with an increased risk of gingival hyperplasia? [/INST] yes, This nested case-control study, in a cohort of patients newly treated with CCBs and/or RAS drugs, showed that current use of CCBs was associated with an increased risk of gingival hyperplasia. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253841. </s>

<s>[INST] Is gingival recession likely associated with tongue piercings? [/INST] yes, The use of tongue jewelry was found to be strongly associated with the occurrence and severity of gingival recession in the mandibular anterior lingual region. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253840. </s>

<s>[INST] Is survival of short implants improved with greater implant length , placement in the mandible compared with the maxilla , and in nonsmokers? [/INST] yes, The findings from this systematic review are important in that collectively they support consideration of placement of short implants in partially edentulous patients. The estimated data showed a tendency for improved survival rate with increasing implant length, implant placement in the mandible compared with the maxilla, and for implants placed in nonsmokers. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253845. </s>

<s>[INST] Is evidence for survival of implants placed into infected sites limited? [/INST] yes, The authors concluded that implants can be placed into sites compromised by periapical and periodontal infections following debridement of the site. Antibiotics should be used until further controlled trials prove otherwise. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253844. </s>

<s>[INST] Is genetic low nephron number hypertension associated with altered expression of osteopontin and CD44 during nephrogenesis? [/INST] yes, Altered fetal expression of the OPN-CD44-integrin-receptor-system in the MWF model points to a possible role in low nephron number hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241663. </s>

<s>[INST] Is huR cytoplasmic expression associated with increased cyclin A expression and poor outcome with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma? [/INST] yes, HuR cytoplasmic expression was correlated with adverse phenotypes and cyclin A overexpression and also independently predictive of worse DSS and MeFS, suggesting its roles in tumorigenesis or carcinogenesis and potentiality as a prognostic marker of UTUC. High HuR cytoplasmic expression might identify patients more likely to be beneficial for adjuvant chemotherapy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23259573. </s>

<s>[INST] Does targeting of integrin-linked kinase with small interfering RNA inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells? [/INST] yes, We conclude that knockdown of ILK with siRNA effectively inhibited VEGF-induced retinal endothelial cell attachment, spreading, migration and tube formation. p38 MAPK and Akt are downstream signaling pathways of the ILK that regulated VEGF-induced retinal neovascularization. Targeting ILK may be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for treating ocular neovascularization. The source for this answer is PMID: 23258222. </s>

<s>[INST] Is abnormal glycogen in astrocytes sufficient to cause adult polyglucosan body disease? [/INST] yes, Storage of abnormal glycogen in astrocytes is sufficient to cause the leukodystrophy of APBD. Since brain glycogen is almost exclusively metabolized in astrocytes, this observation sheds light on the pathophysiology of APBD. In addition, this is the first report of an APBD patient presenting with a subacute diaphragmatic failure. The source for this answer is PMID: 23266647. </s>

<s>[INST] Do mesenchymal stem cells support proliferation and terminal differentiation of B cells? [/INST] yes, MSC promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells in vitro and in vivo partially through PGE2 but not IL-6. The source for this answer is PMID: 23235695. </s>

<s>[INST] Does hypothermia ameliorate gastrointestinal ischemic injury sustained in a porcine cardiac arrest model? [/INST] yes, Gastrointestinal injury and abnormal energy metabolism are strikingly evident following CPR. Hypothermia, which is induced by an infusion of 4°C saline, can rapidly reduce internal body temperature, improve energy metabolism, and ameliorate injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa after CPR. The source for this answer is PMID: 23253710. </s>

<s>[INST] Does an inducible fusaric acid tripartite efflux pump contribute to the fusaric acid resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia? [/INST] yes, A novel tripartite fusaric acid efflux pump, FuaABC, was identified in this study. Distinct from the formally classification, the FuaABC may constitute a new type of subfamily of the tripartite efflux pump. The source for this answer is PMID: 23236431. </s>

<s>[INST] Does systemic administration of a novel immune-stimulatory pseudovirion suppress lung metastatic melanoma by regionally enhancing IFN-γ production? [/INST] yes, IL-12-conjugated HVJ-E is a promising tool for the treatment of cancers, including lung metastasis. The source for this answer is PMID: 23251005. </s>

<s>[INST] Are maternal hyperinsulinism and glycaemic status in the first trimester of pregnancy associated with the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension and gestational diabetes? [/INST] yes, Our data suggest that women who develop PIH may be metabolically challenged at early stages of pregnancy with hyperinsulinism, insulin insensitivity and slightly higher BP. The source for this answer is PMID: 23243013. </s>

<s>[INST] Does wrist actigraphy predict outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension? [/INST] yes, A long nocturnal rest and reduced daytime activity recorded by actigraphy are associated with severe hemodynamic impairment and reduced survival in patients with PH. Therefore, wrist actigraphy performed during everyday life in the patient's home holds promise as a simple tool for the assessment of disease severity and prognosis in patients with PH. The source for this answer is PMID: 23234873. </s>

<s>[INST] Is familial early-onset diabetes a typical MODY in several Tunisian patients? [/INST] no, A molecular defect in known MODY genes has been excluded in 11 patients with early-onset diabetes suggesting that other genetic causes may explain diabetes in these families. In such cases, new generation sequencing approaches may be well appropriate to identify specific molecular etiologies from extended families and to establish a strategy of molecular diagnostic of MODY in Tunisia. The source for this answer is PMID: 23247789. </s>

<s>[INST] Are high serum DcR3 levels associated with the occurrence of peritonitis in patients receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis? [/INST] yes, Serum DcR3 was associated with increased risk of PD-related peritonitis. The source for this answer is PMID: 23245480. </s>

<s>[INST] Does fructose acutely stimulate NHE3 activity in kidney proximal tubule? [/INST] yes, NHE3 activity is stimulated by fructose, which increases proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption. The molecular mechanisms involved in this process are mediated, at least in part, by downregulation of the PKA signaling pathway. Future studies are needed to address whether fructose-stimulated NHE3 activity may contribute to renal injury and hypertension. The source for this answer is PMID: 23235337. </s>

<s>[INST] Is intramural coronary arterial course associated with coronary arterial stenosis and prognosis of major cardiac events? [/INST] yes, ICA, especially deep type, is positively associated with insignificant stenosis proximal to ICA. Meanwhile, ICA, especially superficial type, is negatively associated with significant stenosis proximal to ICA and predicts a better prognosis not only in normal subjects but also in patients with coronary artery disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241404. </s>

<s>[INST] Does aggregated low-density lipoprotein induce LRP1 stabilization through E3 ubiquitin ligase CHFR downregulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells? [/INST] yes, Our results demonstrate that agLDL prolongs the half life of LRP1 by preventing the receptor ubiquitinylation, at least in part, through CHFR targeting. This mechanism seems to be specific for LRP1 and VSMC. The source for this answer is PMID: 23241409. </s>