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[ "The names chiseled onto city tenement building entrances are often pretty puzzling.", "The typical tenement is more than 100 years old.", "With the original builders long-gone, who can explain where some of these names come from, and why they were chosen?", "Like Novelty Court, on Driggs Avenue in Williamsburg.", "Actually, a little research turned up an explanation: this used to be the site of the Novelty Theater, according to Cinema Treasures, which disappeared from city directories by the 1920s.", "A. Segal’s (Secal’s?)", "Apartments are also in Williamsburg.", "But who was A. Segal, and why did he put his first initial and last name on his building?", "Blennerhasset sounds like Manhasset, a town in Long Island.", "I’ve never seen the name anywhere else but on this tenement near Columbia University.", "Who was Frances, and how would she feel about the terrible shape the building named for her is in, on Lexington Avenue in East Harlem?" ]

[ "Complete the following test so you can be sure you understand the material.", "Your answers are private, and test results are not scored.", "When you create a new table in Datasheet view, you must define a primary key field.", "You can't use the Lookup Wizard to alter an existing value list.", "When you use a template to create a table, you must set data types for the fields in the new table.", "Which of the following is the correct syntax for a value list?'Option 1','Option 2','Option 3'\"Option 1\";\"Option 2\";\"Option 3\"\"Option 1\":\"Option 2\":\"Option 3\"" ]

[ "How do you get HIV?HIV can be passed on when infected bodily fluid, such as blood or semen, is passed into an uninfected person.", "Semen is the liquid which is released from a man's penis during sex which carries sperm.", "It can be infected with HIV or AIDS when someone is HIV positive or is carrying the AIDS virus.", "This can happen during unprotected sex.", "For example when two people have sex without using a condom when one partner is already infected, or between drug users who inject and share needles.", "It can't be transmitted by things like coughing, sneezing, kissing, sharing a toilet seat, swimming pools, sweat and tears." ]

[ "Rainy Day PaintingCreate your very own creepy, haunted castle sitting in a turbulent field of flowing grass, eerily surrounded by dark, ominous clouds.", "Fireworks are such an exciting part of part of summer festivities, but it's sad when the show is over.", "Keep them alive all year long with watercolor fireworks.", "Show your high schooler how to celebrate Mary Cassatt, an Impressionist painter, by creating a mother-child painting in her style.", "Put your individual fingerprint on the 100th Day of School (literally!) with this activity.", "Show your preschooler how to make a print of a butterfly using her hand as a tool--a great way to stimulate her sense of touch.", "Use marbles and paint to explore the wild world of shapes and color...and build kindergarten writing strength, too.", "Introduce your kindergartener to some art history by showing him how to create an everyday object print, Andy Warhol-style.", "Celebrate the changing seasons with this fun, hands-on art activity that will teach your child about the different colors of the seasons.", "Help your preschooler begin reading and writing the printed word by connecting simple letter recognition exercises with this easy art project: alphabet trees!" ]

[ "Giant Water Scavenger Beetle|Geographical Range||North America||Scientific Name||Hydrophilus triangularis||Conservation Status||Not listed by IUCN|The name says it all.", "This large beetle lives in water, where it scavenges vegetation and insect parts.", "The insect can store a supply of air within its silvery belly, much like a deep-sea diver stores air in a tank." ]

[ "Henry Evans is a mute quadriplegic, having suffered a stroke when he was just 40 years old.", "Following extensive therapy, Henry regained the ability to move his head and use a finger, which allows him to operate computers.", "Last year, Henry caught a TV interview of Georgia Tech Professor Charlie Kemp showing research with the Willow Garage PR2 robot.", "Willow Garage and Professor Kemp were contacted by Henry shortly afterwards, and we have been collaborating since then.", "We are currently exploring ways for Henry to use a PR2 robot as his surrogate.", "Every day, people take for granted the simple act of scratching an itch.", "In Henry's case, 2-3 times every hour of every day he gets an itch he can't scratch.", "With the aid of a PR2, Henry was able to scratch an itch for himself for the first time in 10 years.", "While this is only a first step, it demonstrates how people with severe physical disabilities could use personal robots to gain independence.", "In another example, Henry recently used the PR2 to shave his cheek.", "We are actively researching ways for Henry and others to perform tasks like these on a daily basis.", "Currently, Henry uses a head tracker to operate a variety of experimental user interfaces.", "These interfaces allow him to directly move the robot's body, including its arms and head.", "They also let him invoke autonomous actions, such as navigating in a room and reaching out to a location.", "Robots that complement human abilities are extremely valuable, especially when they help us do things that we can't do by ourselves.", "Our goal is to get robots in homes to help people like Henry and Jane Evans.", "This is just the beginning.", "Leila Takayama Recognized by MIT Technology Review's TR35 Listing of the World's Top Young Innovators for 2012" ]

[ "Not Just for KidsThe Hunt for Falling Leaves...", "Nature's Color on the Groundby Mary Catherine BallBeing a reporter, I am always looking for an adventure.", "Last week, I found one.", "I left work to go on a simple journey, but it turned out to be much more.", "First, I crossed a mud-ridden stream.", "Then, I came face to face with flying creatures, fighting to get near me.", "I even endured webmakers spinning my hair into a shiny maze.", "Where did I go?", "Into the woods, of course.", "Why?", "I wanted to gather some fallen leaves.", "My luck was good that day.", "I was able to spy lots of different kinds of leaves lying on the ground.", "Some were leaves I had never seen.", "Some were still green, while others were changing to their autumn colors.", "Have you ever hunted for leaves?", "I wonder if you know the names of five of the trees that live in your neighborhood?", "I bet the answer is no.", "Well, me neither.", "So I had five of the leaves analyzed.", "I had found the leaves from an oak, a beech, a sweet gum tree and more.", "Now, I invite you to make this journey.", "Narrow body with pointy edgesNarrow body with pointy edgesMay grow berriesGood for sap & color3 distinct leafsMay grow nutsThis is your task...", "Travel to the deep, dark woods (in the daylight) to find these 5 leaves.", "Cut out the page and take it with you.", "Make sure you can match your discovery with mine.", "Happy leaf-hunting!", "Stone Soup October 9 (11:30am)-Enjoy lunch and a show.", "After you eat peanut butter & jelly, watch Stone Soup, performed by the Lost Caravan.", "Lunch is at noon; show starts at 12:30.", "Chesapeake Music Hall, Off Rt. 50 approaching the Bay Bridge: 410/406-0306.", "All Aboard October 9 & 10 (2pm)-Chug a chug to Zany Brainy for train fun.", "Listen to stories and sing railroad songs.", "Build your own trains.", "Ages 3+.", "Zany Brainy, Annap.", "Harb.", "Ctr.:", "410/266-1447.", "Tiny Tots Fall for Nature Tues.", "Oct 12 (10:30am-noon) Three- to five-year-olds (and their adult) hike into the woods to hear autumn stories, gather leaves and make a craft.", "Bring a bag lunch to enjoy w/apple cider @", "King's Landing Park, Huntingtown. $3 rsvp: 800/735-2258.", "Spooky Stories in the Woods Tues.", "Oct. 12 (10:30-noon)-Hike with a ranger to a clearing in the woods.", "Listen to autumn stories and drink warm apple cider.", "Gather leaves to make a craft.", "Bring a bag lunch.", "Kings Landing Park, Huntingtown: 410/535-5327.", "Musical Minds Wed. Oct. 13 (4-4:45pm)-Music makes the world go round.", "So sing, listen to stories and play musical instruments.", "Ages 2-4.", "Chesapeake Children's Museum, Festival at Riva. $8.50; rsvp: 410/266-0677.", "Nature Designs Deadline Oct. 15-Create your favorite nature scene out of clay or on paper to win prizes.", "Age categories are 3-5, 6-8 and 9-12 years.", "Place winners win nature books or statues.", "All art forms accepted.", "Take your masterpiece to Wild Bird Center, Annapolis Harbour Center: 410/573-0345.", "Tiny Tots get in Touch with Mother Nature Sat.", "Oct 16 (10-10:30am)", "Tiny tots (2-3 w/adult) learn nature by touch, feeling the many differenttextures rough and soft in the world around us.", "@ Battle Creek Cypress Swamp,Prince Frederick: 800/735-2258.", "| Issue 40 |Volume VII Number 40October 7-13, 1999New Bay Times| Homepage || Back to Archives |" ]

[ "- Position your mouse pointer over the image.- Click the right mouse button.", "- Select the \"Save Picture As\" or the \"Save Image As\" menu item.", "- Enter the directory and name of the file to create.", "Need a World file?", "Click the \"World File\" link located above theimage on the right to obtain the geographic referencecoordinates of the above image.", "Use your browser's File.", "SaveAsmenu option to save the World File to the same directory whereyou saved the image.", "Make sure World File extension isIt takes a fewmoments to construct a single image from the image tiles youwere viewing.", "The repeating \"Your image is being constructed...\"message will be replaced with your image.", "Please be patient.", "Once the image isdisplayed, use your web browser's save picture or save imagefunction to copy your image to a location on your computersystem.", "On Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can save the imageby clicking on the image with the right mouse button.", "A pop-up menu willbe displayed.", "Click the \"Save PictureAs\" menu item.", "On FireFox, right-click on theimage and select the \"Save ImageAs\" menu item.", "The web browserwill display a \"Save Picture As\" window.", "There will be \"File name:\" fieldon the bottom ofthe Save As window.", "Change the name of the file to your likingand click the Save button.", "Windowsusers, you should make sure you end your filename with the .jpg .", "Allimages downloaded fromMicrosoft MSR Maps are in the Jpeg image" ]

[ "Glasses-free 3D is something available on just a handful of TVs, which manage it only through complicated hardware, and at no small cost.", "Still, the effect is pretty smooth and no more tiresome for the eyes than glasses-assisted technology, from what we've been able to gather.", "There is one more accomplishment that tech experts are looking for: holographic television, which offers a different perspective at the action, depending on the angle from which one beholds the TV.", "Researchers from the Massachusetts institute of Technology (MIT) claim to have created something of the sort.", "Called Tensor Display, it uses several layers of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with a refresh rate of 360 Hz per second.", "The technique is different from the one used in Nintendo's 3DS, which has two layers of LCD screens (the bottom for light and dark bands and the top for the two slightly offset images).", "The problem with this old method (a century old really) is that the only way so far known for creating multiple perspectives would rely on complicated hardware and algorithms.", "Hundreds of perspectives would have to be produced in order to suit a moving viewer, and that means that too much info has to be displayed at once.", "Every frame of the stereo-3D video would need the screen to flicker 10 times, each with a different pattern.", "Thus, a convincing stereo-3D illusion would need a 1,000 Hz refresh rate.", "MIT's Tensor Display lowers that requirement by using a higher number of LCDs, although it does bring another problem: the pattern calculation becomes more complex.", "Fortunately, the researcher had a convenient factor to exploit: not all aspects of a scene change with the viewing angle.", "This reduced the amount of information that needed to be sent to the LCD screens.", "The end result was a panel that produces stereo-3D images based on calculations similar to those behind CT, X-ray and computed tomography, of all things (they produce 3D images of internal organs).", "The Media Lab researchers will demo a Tensor Display prototype at Siggraph 2012 (5-9 August), made of three LCD panels.", "A second model will have two LCDs with a sheet of lenses between them (refract light left and right), primarily for wider viewing angles (50 degrees rather than 20).", "Practical and commercial applications should appear soon, or at least sooner than any alternatives.", "“Holography works, it’s beautiful, nothing can touch its quality.", "The problem, of course, is that holograms don’t move,” saidDouglas Lanman, a postdoc at the Media Lab.", "“To make them move, you need to create a hologram in real time, and to do that, you need little tiny pixels, smaller than anything we can build at large volume at low cost.", "So the question is, what do we have now?", "We have LCDs.", "They are incredibly mature, and they are cheap.”" ]

[ "Technology Review has a writeup on the latest advance in the lab towards an invisibility cloak made of metamaterials, described this week in Science.", "We've been following this technology since the beginning.", "The breakthrough is software that lets researchers design materials that are both low-loss and wideband.", "\"The cloak that the researchers built works with wavelengths of light ranging from about 1 to 18 gigahertz — a swath as broad as the visible spectrum.", "No one has yet made a cloaking device that works in the visible spectrum, and those metamaterials that have been fabricated tend to work only with narrow bands of light.", "But a cloak that made an object invisible to light of only one color would not be of much use.", "Similarly, a cloaking device can't afford to be lossy: if it lets just a little bit of light reflect off the object it's supposed to cloak, it's no longer effective.", "The cloak that Smith built is very low loss, successfully rerouting almost all the light that hits it.\"" ]

[ "At NIDA's last Drug Facts Chat Day, Razorfang asked this question:\"can you get viruses from drugs?", "\"The answer to this might surprise you.", "Although you can't get viruses directly from drugs, using drugs can increase your chances of catching a virus like HIV (the virus that causes AIDS).", "In fact, behaviors associated with drug abuse are one of the biggest factors in the spread of HIV across the US.", "That's because drugs can mess up your judgment and lead to bad decisions—bad decisions like unsafe sex.", "And risky sex can lead to more than pregnancy.", "It can also lead to becoming infected with HIV or other sexually transmitted viruses." ]

[ "Its an interesting question.", "But since doctors dont really know the answer, youve caught the scientific community napping as well.", "Even so, several things come to mind.", "The first thing to consider is the possibility that you nap because you have daytime sleepiness.", "If so, then what might be the cause?- Do you take any medicine that might make you sleepy?", "Review your prescriptions with your pharmacist or next time you visit your doctor.", "- Have you started having problems sleeping at night?", "If you sleep well at night and wake up refreshed, dont worry.", "But if you feel groggy or have early morning headaches, you may have sleep apnea or some other cause of interrupted sleep.", "- Could you be depressed?", "Ask yourself if you no longer enjoy activities that previously gave you pleasure, and whether you are feeling low.", "It sounds as if your nap is voluntary and enjoyable.", "So it probably does not reflect an underlying sleep disturbance.", "If it refreshes your day without making it hard for you to sleep at night, snooze away.", "For most people, a 20- to 40-minute nap between noon and 4:00 p.m. is the best way to catch a few winks without disturbing the sleep-wake cycle.", "But remember to give yourself a good 10 minutes to wake up gently before you engage in mentally or physically demanding tasks.", "When NASA and the FAA studied napping in airline pilots, they found that napping improved mental alertness and performance.", "Many night shift workers are also perked up by naps as brief as 1520 minutes.", "Do naps improve overall health?", "Napping is the exception in America.", "But afternoon siestas are the rule in many Mediterranean and Latin American countries.", "Scientists have learned that blood pressure drops during a siesta.", "But it rises abruptly on awakening.", "Is this meaningful?", "Probably not, but we cant be sure.", "Until doctors dream up a way to resolve the contradiction, there is no reason for you to deprive yourself of a pleasurable nap." ]

[ "Author and Audience: The book of 2 Thessalonians was written by Paul and addressed to the church at Thessalonica (see 2 Thessalonians 1:1; 3:17).", "Paul wrote this letter around A.D. 50–51 (see Bible Dictionary, (“Pauline Epistles,” p. 743).", "Historical Background: The similarities between this letter and 1 Thessalonians are so strong that many believe they were written within six months of each other.", "Paul wrote it soon after hearing the reports of Silas and Timothy when they returned from delivering his first letter.", "For more information see the introduction to the book of 1 Thessalonians (p. 208)." ]

[ "INDIA INFO: India - More Indian Musical Instrumentsby V.A.Ponmelil (Feedback)", "More Indian Musical InstrumentsChitra Veena / Gotu VadhyamThe Chitraveena which is also referred to as the gotuvadhyam is one of the most exquisite instruments.", "It is a 21 stringed fretless lute similar to Vichitraveena.", "It contains a flat top, two resonant chambers, and a hollow stem of wood.", "While the right hand plectrums pluck the strings, the left hand slides a piece of wood over the strings.", "It is one of the oldest instruments of the world and the forerunner of the fretted Saraswati Veena.", "The word Jaltarang means \"waves in water\".", "The jaltarang is an interesting ancient musical instrument consisting of a series of tuned bowls arranged in a semicircle around the performer.", "The bowls are of different sizes and are tuned precisely to the pitches of various ragas by adding appropriate amounts of water.", "The instrument is played by striking the inside edge of the bowls with two small wooden sticks, one held in each hand.", "Jal tarang is not very common and is normally found in the accompaniment of kathak dancers.", "The Morsing is a tiny instrument which is held in the left hand, the prongs against the upper and lower front teeth.", "The tongue, which protrudes from the mouth, is made of spring steel.", "This is plucked with the Index finger of the right hand (backwards, not forwards) while the tone and timbre are adjusted by changing the shape of the mouth cavity and moving the tongue.", "Further control of the sound can be achieved with the breath.", "Like the mridangam, the morsing is tuned to the Shruti and fine tuning is achieved by placing small amounts of bee's wax on the end of the tongue.", "The Shank is one of the ancient instruments of India.", "It is also referred to as the sushirvadya which is associated with religious functions.", "In India it is considered very sacred.", "It is being regarded as one of the attributes of Lord Vishnu.", "Before using, the Shankh is drilled in such a way as to produce a hole at the base taking care that the natural hole is not disturbed.", "In Athar¬Veda, one finds reference to Shankh, though it existed long, before.", "In Bhagvad Gita, during the time of war, Shankh had played an important role.", "It also has different names like Panch Janya Shankh, Devadatt Shankh, Mahashan Ponder Shankh and more.", "Even in Valmiki's Ramayna, the mention of a Shankh can be traced.", "In the temples, Shankh is played in the mornings and evenings during the prayers.", "In homes, it is played before the starting of havan, yagnopavit, marriage, etc.", "The Kombu is a wind instrument or a kind of trumpet which is usually played along with the Panchavadyam or the Pandi Melam or the Panchari melam.", "This musical instrument is like a long horn and is usually seen in Kerala state of South India.", "Travel Information on top destinations of IndiaHill Stations of India" ]

[ "Reading Classic LiteraturesClassic literature, even though they were written fifty or hundred years ago, still has the power to affect the readers.", "The gift of literature to educate and inspire people transcends time.", "Unfortunately, not all people like to read classic literature.", "Sometimes, to understand classic literature, you have to be mature enough to enjoy and comprehend these writings.", "Although we read classic literature because we have to do a report in school, we can also read them for enjoyment.", "You may have heard of famous authors of classical novels on the television and internet, you can check out their writings and their books.", "If you really want to get into the habit of reading classical literature, you can start by reading 30 minutes every day.", "You should have a dictionary near you when reading classical novels since the words used are always deep or its meaning has changed over time.", "To have a better understanding of the setting and the plot of the story, you can make a little background research on the era or its time period.", "You can also research on the background of the author.", "You really have to follow the structure of the story.", "Most classical literature have complex storyline and plots which makes it hard sometimes to follow the story.", "The character development is also very extensive.", "Seeing the overall theme of the story is very important as well as following the basic development of the characters and their story.", "There are literature companions that you can buy to help you get started with the classical literature.", "An example of a literature companion is the \"Oxford Companion to Classical Literature.", "\"Another key to understanding classic literature is by understanding the use of the footnotes.", "These classical literature are full of footnotes that references the social and culture elements of their time." ]

[ "Photography - OverviewThe millions of photographs in the Museum's collections compose a vast mosaic of the nation's history.", "Photographs accompany most artifact collections.", "Thousands of images document engineering projects, for example, and more record the steel, petroleum, and railroad industries.", "Some 150,000 images capture the history, art, and science of photography.", "Nineteenth-century photography, from its initial development by W. H. F. Talbot and Louis Daguerre, is especially well represented and includes cased images, paper photographs, and apparatus.", "Glass stereographs and news-service negatives by the Underwood & Underwood firm document life in America between the 1890s and the 1930s.", "The history of amateur photography and photojournalism are preserved here, along with the work of 20th-century masters such as Richard Avedon and Edward Weston.", "Thousands of cameras and other equipment represent the technical and business side of the field." ]

[ "Click link below pictureVast numbers of cells that can attack cancer and HIV have been grown in the lab, and could potentially be used to fight disease.", "The cells naturally occur in small numbers, but it is hoped injecting huge quantities back into a patient could turbo-charge the immune system.", "The Japanese research is published in the journal Cell Stem Cell.", "Experts said the results had exciting potential, but any therapy would need to be shown to be safe.", "The researchers concentrated on a type of white blood cell known as a cytotoxic T-cell, which can recognise telltale markings of infection or cancer on the surfaces of cells.", "If a marking is recognised, it launches an attack.", ".Click link below for article:" ]

[ "Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar(1899–1974) was the IndianFinance Minister from 1956–1958 and from 1964-1966.", "Krishnamachariar, who was born into a Tamil IyengarBrahmin family graduated from Madras Christian College(MCC) and was a visiting professor to the department of economics at MCC.", "He resigned from the position twice.", "He was popularly known as TTK.He was also a member of drafting committee,and entrepreneur and congress leaderKrishnamachari was one among the founders of modern India.", "He was instrumental in building the basic economic and industrial infrastructure of the country and also left his mark on the Indian Constitution as a member of the Drafting Committee.", "Krishnamachari began his life as a businessman and went on to lay the foundation of the hugely successful firm TT Krishnamachari & Co. in 1928, in Chennai, which is now known as the TTK Group.", "By the mid-thirties, when the company was well established, Krishnamachari decided to turn his attention to politics.", "He was initially elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly as an independent member, and later joined the Congress.", "In 1946, he was made a member of the Constituent Assembly at the Centre.", "From 1952 to 1965, he served the country twice as a Central Minister.", "He was the first Minister for Commerce and Industry and then Finance Minister.", "He also remained in charge of the Steel Ministry for quite some time.", "He became Minister again in 1962, first without...", "Read More" ]

[ "Looking for a fun, kid-friendly activity to help your family appreciate the outdoors?", "Backyard birding is a great way to get the kids outside and learning more about the beautiful birds in your area.", "Here are a few helpful backyard birding tips to get started.", "Educate with gamesStart your birding adventures by learning which birds are native to your state.", "There are numerous online resources that include species listings, like the Bird Library from Perky-Pet.", "Once you have your list, make it a game.", "Print out the different types of birds and let your kids check them off as they see them.", "Whoever spots the most species could win a prize, like a birdfeeder.", "Making it a game will help motivate them to get outside and start bird watching.", "Nature is full of sounds and smells.", "While outside, have your kids close their eyes and sit quietly for a few moments.", "Discuss the sounds you hear and try to recreate bird sounds as you heard them.", "Since our feathered friends are attracted to flowers, seeds and berries, identify which plants will invite birds.", "Encourage your kids to research other plants that might attract new birds to your backyard.", "Backyard birding is a great tool to encourage responsibility.", "If your birdfeeders are not cleaned weekly it's possible for dangerous bacteria to grow.", "This can have a disastrous effect on a community of birds.", "Create a birdfeeder-cleaning calendar for your child and make note of days when the feeders should be refilled.", "Depending on weather and the time of the year, your feeders may need to be filled with fresh seed daily.", "Help with nestingBirds appreciate being able to keep clean as well as being provided with nesting materials.", "Help your kids collect lint or strips of fabric to set outside for birds to use when building their nests.", "As a family, set up a birdbath or bird waterer, like the new Perky-Pet Droplet Bird Waterer, and take turns keeping it cleaned and filled with fresh water.", "Attract new birdsHave your kids select a new bird species they would like to see and learn how to attract them to your yard.", "One fun choice for young birders is the hummingbird.", "Hummingbird feeder kits, like the Perky-Pet Oasis Hummingbird Feeder Complete Set, include all the essentials for feeding these tiny birds and will help your child become familiar with this species.", "Have your child take notes on the hummingbird behavior they witness including the birds' swift movements, territorial nature and whether they eat while perched or while flying.", "Connecting kids with nature is always a good idea, and birding is a fun way to start.", "So now, equipped with these kid-friendly ideas, it's time to start your backyard birding adventure.", "It's the perfect way to get your kids outside and the birds will enjoy the extra attention as well." ]

[ "NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty.", "NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.", "Thursday, May 23, 2013Injury Prevention and Safetywhich color bruise is considered to be the worst?", "Health professionals used to rely on bruise color to estimate how recently an injury occurred.", "However, it is well known now that bruise color is not at all a reliable measure of how bad a bruise is or when the injury occurred.", "Large bruises over the abdomen and pelvis that may signal that serious damage has been done to the organs underlying the bruise.", "The bruise itself is deceptive because you can't see the underlying damage that is far more serious than the visible discoloration.", "This can be deadly, especially if organs rich in blood supply such as the liver and spleen are damaged and the person bleeds to death internally.", "Of course, bruises over the bone can mean that a hemorrhage occurs under the bony covering called the periosteum and also may lead to a fracture of the bone underneath.", "These are certainly painful but do not lead to death very often.", "They can look worse because of the impact of the blood vessels onto the bone as compared to soft tissue bruising over the abdomen.", "Bruises around the eyes and ears can damage vision and hearing if the force of the injury was significant.", "The bottom line is that color is not what is so important.", "It is much more important what the force of the injury was and what parts of the body are underneath the force of the injury.", "I hope this answers your question.", "Mary M Gottesman, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAANProfessor of Clinical NursingCollege of NursingThe Ohio State University" ]

[ "Ray Tracing and Gaming - Quake 4: Ray Traced ProjectQuake 4: Ray tracedAn algorithm was invented for this work that uses rays for collision detection (CD).", "A polygon-exact CD is quite easy for direct weapons.", "Only one ray is needed to determine the target.", "Shooting this ray works through the exact same mechanisms and data structures as shooting a ray to get a color value in rendering.", "(Polygon exact collision detection using ray tracing)", "For the player model a bounding sphere was approximated through many rays like in a radar system.", "(Bounding sphere approximated through rays)", "An interesting special effect which I want to present here in more detail is water.", "As we expect it from nature water should reflect the surrounding environment and it should be possible to look through the water with some refractions going on.", "Water in motion should not look flat; there should be some visible height differences in the waves.", "I want to present you some examples of water in games that we have seen the last years.", "Of course these 'optimizations' had to be done to make the game render fast enough, so this should not be a critic of the game or company itself.", "It should just show how water looks today in some games, what it lacks and how it could look in ray tracing games.", "('Far Cry' (2004): The reflection in the water shows only the mountains, not the trees.)", "('Far Cry': Taking a close look at the reflections you see that the resolution is lower then the rest of the world.)", "('Gothic 3' from 2006: Quite unspectacular water without any reflections)", "The water in 'Quake 4: Ray traced' (http://www.q4rt.de/) uses an animation set of many normal maps to simulate the height differences from the waves.", "One ray is used for reflection on that normal maps, one ray is used to get the refraction through the water.", "The result is nice looking water.", "('Quake 4: Ray traced': The water reflects the environment and the player)", "Samples from Q4RT in action can be seen in this video:" ]

[ "Let's Talk About: Cosmic collisionsShare with others:It has been almost 100 years since Edwin Hubble measured the universe beyond the Milky Way Galaxy.", "Today, astronomers believe that as many as 100 billion other galaxies are sharing the cosmos.", "Most of these cosmic islands are classified by shape as either spiral or elliptical, but stargazing scientists have discovered galaxies that don't quite fit these molds.", "Common to this \"irregular\" category are galaxies that interact with other galaxies.", "These gravitational interactions are often referred to as mergers, and their existence invites the question: Is the Milky Way collision-prone?", "To evaluate the probability, look to the Andromeda Galaxy.", "Located more than 2.5 million light-years away, Andromeda appears as a small fuzzy patch in the sky.", "However, there is nothing miniature about it.", "Similar to the shape (spiral), size and mass of the Milky Way, Andromeda is home to a trillion other stars.", "Astronomers have known for decades that our galactic neighbor is rapidly closing in on us -- at approximately 250,000 miles per hour.", "They know this because of blueshift, a measured decrease in electromagnetic wavelength caused by the motion of a light-emitting source, in this case Andromeda, as it moves closer to the observer.", "Recently, data collected from the Hubble Space Telescope has allowed astronomers to predict a merger with certainty, in 4 billion years.", "Our sun will still be shining, and Earth will most likely survive the impact.", "Reason being, galaxies, although single units of stars gravitationally tied together, are mostly gigantic voids.", "One can compare a galaxy-on-galaxy collision to the pouring of one glass of water into another.", "The end result is a larger collection of water, or in the case of a cosmic collision, a larger galaxy.", "Future Earth inhabitants, billions of years from now, could look up and observe only small portions of such an event because it will take 2 billion years for these cosmic islands to become one.", "First Published November 29, 2012 12:00 am" ]

[ "King James II of England (who was also James VII of Scotland) inherited the throne in 1685 upon the death of his brother, Charles II.", "James II was unpopular because of his attempts to increase the power of the monarchy and restore the Catholic faith.", "Deposed in the \"Glorious Revolution\" of 1688-89, he fled to France.", "His daughter and son-in-law succeeded him as Queen Mary II and King William III.", "James II died in 1701.", "Unless otherwise noted, these books are for sale at Amazon.com.", "Your purchase through these links will help to support the continued operation and improvement of the Royalty.nu site.", "James II by John Miller.", "Biography from the Yale English Monarchs series.", "James II: The Triumph and the Tragedy by John Callow.", "Charts James' life using little-known material from the UK National Archives.", "Includes James' own description of the Battle of Edgehill, his reasons for his conversion to Catholicism, and his correspondence with William of Orange.", "A Court in Exile: The Stuarts in France, 1689-1718 by Edward Corp.", "After James II was deposed, he established his court in France.", "The book describes his court and the close relationships between the British and French royal families.", "King in Exile: James II: Warrior, King and Saint by John Callow.", "Reassesses James's strategy for dealing with his downfall and exile, presenting a portrait of a man who planned for great political rewards and popular acclaim.", "James II and the Trial of the Seven Bishops by William Gibson.", "The trial of seven bishops in 1688 was a prelude to the Glorious Revolution, as popular support for the bishops led to widespread welcome for William of Orange's invasion.", "The Making of King James II by John Callow is about the formative years of the fallen king.", "Out of print, but sometimes available from Alibris.", "The Countess and the King: A Novel of the Countess of Dorchester and King James II by Susan Holloway Scott.", "Novel about Katherine Sedley, a royal mistress forced to make the most perilous of choices: to remain loyal to the king, or to England.", "The Crown for a Lie by Jane Lane.", "Novel about how James II lost his throne.", "Out of print, but sometimes available from Alibris." ]

[ "Indian removal had been taking place in the United States since the 18th Century as more Americans made the move westward.", "In the early 19th Century, Andrew Jackson and the majority of white Americans like him, wanted the Indians to move west of the Mississippi, out of the way from white expansion.", "Popular thought was that the Indians were savages who could not be civilized, and integration with the white culture was not a possibility.", "Through the next several years, Indian tribes all over the eastern front were forced to reservations of proportional inequality compared with land once owned.", "The United States bought the land from the Indians while using its brute power to force unruly tribes west.", "No matter how much they tried, the Indians were no match for the strength of the United States.", "Indians of the Sauk and Fox tribes tried to take back land that was ceded to the United States wrongfully.", "When they inhabited the vacant land, Americans saw them as a threat to the white settlements close-by.", "Illinois state militia was sent in to destroy the so-called \"invaders.\"", "The Indians retreated back and the militia continued to attack until most had been killed.", "Were Americans justified in the mass movement of Indian tribes?", "I would have to say they were not.", "I cannot see the logic in their assumptions of the Indians.", "For the most part, little interaction took place with the Indians.", "Yet, Americans still believed they were uncivilized.", "Perhaps the problem was in terms of envy.", "Indians had been capable of adapting to land and using the land efficiently for years at a time.", "I think Americans saw how the Indians were able to do this, and became jealous of their superior farming abilities.", "Land was becoming useless in the east, and Indians had been able to use their land repeatedly.", "Americans saw this fertile land as rich in potential profit and were willing to go to any length in acquiring it.", "Evidence of the two cultures working together in a society was apparent in New Mexico, Texas, and California.", "If these people were able to survive and live off each other, I would have to assume that had the United States made an effort, they could have resolved this situation in an easier manner.", "Unless it was jealousy that was driving them to take the Indian land.", "Something tells me it was exactly that which caused such a debacle.", "Superior in farming techniques and land use, the Indians efficient ways were the downfall of their land availability." ]

[ "No one knows how the first organisms or even the first organic precursors formed on Earth, but one theory is that they didn't.", "Rather, they were imported from space.", "Scientists have been finding what looks like biological raw material in meteorites for years, but it's usually been shown to be ground contamination.", "This year, however, investigators studying a dozen meteorites that landed in Antarctica found traces of adenine and guanine two of the four nucleobases that make DNA.", "That's not a big surprise, since nucleobases have been found in meteorites before.", "But these were found in the company of other molecules that were similar in structure but not identical.", "Those had never been detected in previous meteorite samples and they were also not found on the ground where the space rocks landed.", "That rules out contamination and rules in space organics.", "A little adenine and guanine in the company of other mysterious stuff is a long, long way from something living but it's closer than we were before.", "Next Star Wars Gets Real" ]

[ "Poor sanitary conditions lead to increase in skin disease in SyriaListen /", "There has been an increase in cases of leishmaniasis in Syria, according to Dr. Glen Thomas of the World Health Organization, (WHO).", "Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly and characterized by skin sores.", "Dr. Thomas says the disease is spreading because of poor waste and hygiene management caused by the continuing conflict in the country.", "The form of the disease which affects the skin is not life-threatening and not a priority disease, says the doctor, but it is a concern.", "The symptoms are sores and scars on the body and they come into effect a couple of weeks after the sand flies have transmitted the disease.", "And we are now helping and trying to get deliveries of treatments to the affected areas.", "But obviously because of the situation, it is very difficult.", "Dr. Thomas says the Aleppo area is where the increase in leishmaniasis has been seen.", "Gerry Adams, United Nations" ]

[ "On 26 June 2012 it is the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.", "This important day was created by the United Nations General Assembly to help create a society free of illegal drugs and drug abuse.", "The date raises awareness of two important world issues -World Drug Day and theBlue Heart Campaign against Human Trafficking.", "Established in 1987, the day is now in its 25th year and its pro-health campaign is stronger than ever.", "Each year the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) selects a theme for the day and this year it is Health.", "Events will be held all over the world, from Australia to Vietnam, to look at the effects of drugs in local communities and how we can stop them.", "From the dangerous effects of cannabis to the prevention of HIV/AIDS and needle sharing, there will be lots of information available to get educated and join the fight against drug abuse." ]

[ "Most Americans believe that the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 began American independence.", "While this date announced the formal break between the American colonists and the “mother country,” it did not guarantee independence.", "Not all Americans favored independence and most historical estimates place the number of Loyalist, or Tory, Americans near one-third of the population.", "Winning independence required an eight-year war that began in April, 1775 and ended with a peace treaty finalized on September 3, 1783.", "Unfortunately the infant nation found itself born in a world dominated by a superpower struggle between England and France.", "The more powerful European nations viewed the vulnerable United States, correctly, as weak and ripe for exploitation.", "Tragically, few Americans know of this period of crisis in our nation’s history because of the irresponsible neglect of the American education system.", "American independence marked the end of one chapter in American history and the beginning of another.", "As with all historical events this declaration continued the endless cycle of action and reaction, because nothing occurs in a vacuum.", "Tragically, most Americans’ historical perspective begins with their birth, rendering everything that previously occurred irrelevant.", "Furthermore, most educators conveniently “compartmentalize” their subjects and do not place them in the proper historical context.", "Since most Americans only remember the United States as a superpower they do not know of our previous struggles.", "Unfortunately our agenda driven education system also ignores this period and often portrays America in the most negative light.", "Without delving too deeply into the deteriorating relations between the American colonists and their “mother country,” declaring independence came slowly.", "None of the thirteen colonies trusted the other colonies and rarely acted in concert, even during times of crisis.", "Regional and cultural differences between New England, mid-Atlantic and the Southern colonies deeply divided the colonists.", "Even in these early days of America slavery proved a dividing issue, although few believed in racial equality.", "The “umbilical cord” with England provided the only unifying constant that bound them together culturally and politically.", "The colonies further possessed different forms of government as well, although they steadfastly expressed their liberties and “rights as Englishmen.”", "Some colonies existed as royal colonies, where the English monarch selected the governor.", "Proprietary colonies formed when merchant companies or individuals, called proprietors, received a royal grant and appointed the governor.", "Charter colonies received their charters much as proprietary colonies with individuals or merchants receiving royal charters and shareholders selected the governor.", "Each colony elected its own legislature and local communities made their laws mostly based on English common law.", "Any form of national, or “continental,” unity remained an illusion largely in the minds of the delegates of the First Continental Congress.", "The Second Continental Congress convened on May 10, 1775 because England ignored the grievances submitted by the First Continental Congress.", "Furthermore, open warfare erupted in Massachusetts between British troops and the colonial militia at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775.", "Known today as Patriot’s Day few Americans outside of Massachusetts celebrate it, or even know of it.", "Setting forth their reasons for taking up arms against England, they established the Continental Army on June 14, 1775.", "For attempting a united front, they appointed George Washington, a Virginian, as commander-in-chief.", "On July 10, 1775, the Congress sent Parliament one last appeal for resolving their differences, which proved futile.", "While Congress determined the political future of the colonies fighting continued around Boston, beginning with the bloody battle on Breed’s Hill on June 17, 1775.", "Known as the Battle of Bunker Hill in our history the British victory cost over 1,000 British and over 400 American casualties.", "This battle encouraged the Americans because it proved the “colonials” capable of standing against British regulars.", "British forces withdrew from Boston in March, 1776 and awaited reinforcements from England as fighting erupted in other colonies.", "While Washington and the Continental Army watched the British in Boston, Congress authorized an expedition against Canada.", "They hoped for significant resentment of British rule by the majority of French inhabitants, something they misjudged.", "In September, 1775 the fledgling Continental Army launched an ambitious, but futile, two-pronged invasion of Canada.", "Launched late in the season, particularly for Canada, it nevertheless almost succeeded, capturing Montreal and moving on Quebec.", "It ended in a night attack in a snowstorm on December 31, 1775 when the commander fell dead and the second-in-command fell severely wounded.", "American forces did breach the city walls, however when the attack broke down these men became prisoners of war.", "For disrupting the flow of British supplies into America Congress organized the Continental Navy and Continental Marines on October 13, 1775 and November 10, 1775, respectively.", "Still, no demands for independence despite the creation of national armed forces, the invasion of a “foreign country” and all the trappings of a national government.", "The full title of the Declaration of Independence ends with “thirteen united States of America,” with united in lower case.", "I found no evidence that the Founding Fathers did this intentionally, or whether it merely reflected the writing style of the time.", "Despite everything mentioned previously regarding “continental” actions, the thirteen colonies jealously guarded their sovereignty.", "Although Congress declared independence England did not acknowledge the legality of this resolution and considered the colonies “in rebellion.”", "England assembled land and naval forces of over 40,000, including German mercenaries, for subduing the “insurrection.”", "This timeless lesson proves the uselessness of passing resolutions with no credible threat of force backing them up.", "Unfortunately our academic-dominated society today believes merely the passage of laws and international resolutions forces compliance.", "We hear much in the news today about “intelligence failures” regarding the war against terrorism.", "England definitely experienced an “intelligence failure” as it launched an expedition for “suppressing” this “insurrection” by a “few hotheads.”", "First, they under estimated the extent of dissatisfaction among the Americans, spurred into action by such “rabble rousers” as John Adams.", "They further under estimated the effectiveness of Washington and the Continental Army, particularly after the American victories at Trenton and Princeton.", "British officials further under estimated the number of Loyalists with the enthusiasm for taking up arms for the British.", "While Loyalist units fought well, particularly in the South and the New York frontier, they depended heavily on the support of British regulars.", "Once British forces withdrew, particularly in the South, the Loyalist forces either followed them or disappeared.", "A perennial lesson for military planners today, do not worry about your “footprint,” decisively defeat your enemy.", "This hardens the resolve of your supporters, influences the “neutrals” in your favor and reduces the favorability of your enemies.", "Regarding the “national defense” the Continental Congress and “states” did not fully cooperate against the superpower, England.", "The raising of the Continental Army fell on the individual colonies almost throughout the war with the Congress establishing quotas.", "Unfortunately, none of the colonies ever met their quota for Continental regiments, with the soldiers negotiating one-year enlistments.", "Continental Army recruiters often met with competition from the individual colonies, who preferred fielding their militias.", "The Congress offered bounties in the almost worthless “Continental Currency” and service far from home in the Continental Army.", "Colonial governments offered higher bounties in local currencies, or British pounds, and part-time service near home.", "Congress only possessed the authority for requesting troops and supplies from the colonial governors, who often did not comply.", "For most of the war the Continental Army remained under strength, poorly supplied, poorly armed and mostly unpaid.", "Volumes of history describe the harsh winters endured by the Continentals at Valley Forge and Morristown, New Jersey the following year.", "Colonial governments often refused supplies for troops from other colonies, even though those troops fought inside their borders.", "As inflation continued devaluing “Continental Currency” farmers and merchants preferred trading with British agents, who often paid in gold.", "This created strong resentment from the soldiers who suffered the hardships of war and the civilians who profited from this trade.", "In fairness, the staggering cost of financing the war severely taxed the colonial governments and local economies, forcing hard choices.", "Congress further declared independence as a cry for help from England’s superpower rival, France, and other nations jealous of England.", "Smarting from defeat in the Seven Years War (French and Indian War in America), and a significant reduction in its colonial empire, France burned for revenge.", "France’s ally, Spain, also suffered defeat and loss of territory during this war and sought advantage in the American war.", "However, France and Spain both needed American victories before they risked their troops and treasures.", "With vast colonial empires of their own they hesitated at supporting a colonial rebellion in America.", "As monarchies, France and Spain held no love of “republican ideals” or “liberties,” and mostly pursued independent strategies against England.", "Fortunately their focus at recouping their former possessions helped diminish the number of British forces facing the Americans.", "On the political front the Congress knew that the new nation needed some form of national government for its survival.", "Unfortunately the Congress fell short on this issue, enacting the weak Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777.", "Delegates so feared the “tyranny” of a strong central government, as well as they feared their neighbors, that they rejected national authority.", "In effect, the congressional delegates created thirteen independent nations instead of one, and our nation suffered from it.", "Amending this confederation required the approval of all thirteen states, virtually paralyzing any national effort.", "This form of government lasted until the adoption of the US Constitution on September 17, 1787.", "Despite these weaknesses the fledgling “United States” survived and even achieved some success against British forces.", "Particularly early in the war, the British forces possessed several opportunities for destroying the Continental Army and ending the rebellion.", "Fortunately for us British commanders proved lethargic and complacent, believing the “colonial rabble” incapable of defeating them.", "Furthermore, as the Continental Army gained experience and training it grew more professional, standing toe-to-toe against the British.", "Since the US achieved superpower status it fell into the same trap, continuously underestimating less powerful enemies.", "The surrender of British forces at Yorktown, Virginia on October 19, 1781 changed British policy regarding its American colonies.", "British forces now controlled mainly three enclaves: New York City; Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia.", "Loyalist forces, discouraged by British reverses, either retreated into these enclaves, departed America or surrendered.", "Waging a global war against France and Spain further reduced the number of troops available for the American theater.", "This serves another modern lesson for maintaining adequate forces for meeting not only your superpower responsibilities, but executing unforeseen contingencies.", "Ironically, the victory at Yorktown almost defeated the Americans as well, since the civil authorities almost stopped military recruitment.", "Washington struggled at maintaining significant forces for confronting the remaining British forces in their enclaves.", "An aggressive British commander may still score a strategic advantage by striking at demobilizing American forces.", "Fortunately, the British government lost heart for retaining America and announced the beginning of peace negotiations in August, 1782.", "The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783 officially ended the American Revolution; however it did not end America’s struggles.", "American negotiators proved somewhat naïve in these negotiations against their more experienced European counterparts.", "Of importance, the British believed American independence a short-lived situation, given the disunity among Americans.", "Congress began discharging the Continental Army before the formal signing of the treaty, leaving less than one hundred on duty.", "Instead of a united “allied” front, America, France and Spain virtually negotiated separate treaties with England, delighting the British.", "They believed that by creating dissension among the wartime allies they furthered their position with their former colonies.", "If confronted with a new war with more powerful France and Spain, America might rejoin the British Empire.", "When England formally established the western boundary of the US at the Mississippi River it did not consult its Indian allies.", "These tribes did not see themselves as “defeated nations,” since they often defeated the Americans.", "Spanish forces captured several British posts in this territory and therefore claimed a significant part of the southeastern US.", "France, who practically bankrupted itself in financing the American cause and waging its own war against England, expected an American ally.", "Unfortunately, the US proved a liability and incapable of repaying France for the money loaned during the war.", "France soon faced domestic problems that resulted in the French Revolution in 1789.", "For several reasons England believed itself the winner of these negotiations, and in a more favorable situation, globally.", "England controlled Canada, from where it closely monitored the unfolding events in the US, and sowed mischief.", "It illegally occupied several military forts on American territory and incited the Indian tribes against the American frontier.", "By default, England controlled all of the American territory north of the Ohio River and west of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Economically, England still believed that the US needed them as its primary trading partner, whether independent or not.", "A strong pro-British faction in America called for closer economic ties with the former “mother country.”", "As England observed the chaos that gripped the US at this time, they felt that its collapse, and reconquest by England, only a matter of time.", "Most Americans today, knowing only the economic, industrial and military power of America cannot fathom the turmoil of this time.", "The weak central government and all the states accumulated a huge war debt, leaving them financially unstable.", "While the US possessed rich natural resources it lacked the industrial capabilities for developing them, without foreign investment.", "With no military forces, the nation lacked the ability of defending its sovereignty and its citizens.", "From all appearances our infant nation seemed stillborn, or as the vulnerable prey for the more powerful Europeans.", "As stated previously the Articles of Confederation actually created thirteen independent nations, with no national executive for enforcing the law.", "Therefore each state ignored the resolutions from Congress and served its own self-interest.", "Each state established its own rules for interstate commerce, printed its own money and even established treaties with foreign nations.", "No system existed for governing the interactions between the states, who often treated each other like hostile powers.", "The new nation did possess one thing in abundance, land; the vast wilderness between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.", "Conceded by the British in the Treaty of Paris, the Americans looked at this as their economic solution.", "The nation owed the veterans of the Revolution a huge debt and paid them in the only currency available, land grants.", "Unfortunately, someone must inform the Indians living on this land and make treaties regarding land distribution.", "For the Americans this seemed simple, the Indians, as British allies, suffered defeat with the British and must pay the price.", "After all, under the rules of European “civilized” warfare, defeated nations surrendered territory and life went on.", "Unfortunately no one, neither American nor British, informed the Indians of these rules, because no one felt they deserved explanation.", "Besides, the British hoped that by inciting Indian troubles they might recoup their former colonies.", "With British arms and encouragement the tribes of the “Old Northwest” raided the western frontier with a vengeance.", "From western New York down through modern Kentucky these Indians kept up their war with the Americans.", "In Kentucky between 1783 and 1790 the various tribes killed an estimated 1,500 people, stole 20,000 horses and destroyed an unknown amount of property.", "Our former ally, Spain, controlled all of the territory west of the Mississippi River before the American Revolution.", "From here they launched expeditions that captured British posts at modern Vicksburg and Natchez, Mississippi, and the entire Gulf Coast.", "However, they claimed about two-thirds of the southeastern US based on this “conquest” including land far beyond the occupation of their troops.", "Like the British, they incited the Indians living in this region for keeping out American settlers.", "Spain also controlled the port of New Orleans and access into the Mississippi River.", "Americans living in Kentucky and other western settlements depended on the Mississippi River for their commerce.", "The national government seemed unable, or unwilling, at forcing concessions from Spain, and many westerners considered seceding from the Union.", "Known as the “Spanish Conspiracy” this plot included many influential Americans and only disappeared after the American victory at Fallen Timbers.", "While revisionist historians ignore the “Spanish Conspiracy” they illuminate land speculation by Americans in Spanish territory.", "Of course they conveniently ignore the duplicity of Spanish officials in these plots, and their acceptance of American money.", "In signing the Declaration of Independence the Founding Fathers pledged “their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor.”", "Many Continental Army officers bankrupted themselves when Congress and their states proved recalcitrant at reimbursing them for incurred expenses.", "These officers often personally financed their troops and their expeditions because victory required timely action.", "Of importance for the western region, George Rogers Clark used his personal credit for financing his campaigns, which secured America’s claim.", "It takes no “lettered” historian for determining that without Clark’s campaign that America’s western boundary ends with the Appalachian Mountains, instead of the Mississippi River.", "With the bankrupt Congress and Virginia treasuries not reimbursing him he fell into the South Carolina Yazoo Company.", "Clark’s brother-in-law, Dr. James O’Fallon, negotiated this deal for 3,000,000 acres of land in modern Mississippi.", "This negotiation involved the Spanish governor of Louisiana, Don Estavan Miro, a somewhat corrupt official.", "When the Spanish king negated the treaty, Clark, O’Fallon and the other investors lost their money and grew hateful of Spain.", "Another, lesser known, negotiation involved former Continental Army Colonel George Morgan and the Spanish ambassador, Don Diego de Gardoqui.", "Morgan received title for 15,000,000 acres near modern New Madrid, Missouri for establishing a colony.", "Ironically, an unscrupulous American, James Wilkinson, discussed later in the document, working in conjunction with Miro, negated this deal.", "Both of these land deals involved the establishment of American colonies in Spanish territory, with Americans declaring themselves Spanish subjects.", "Few Spaniards lived in the area west of the Mississippi River and saw the growing number of American settlers as a threat.", "However, if these Americans, already disgusted with their government, became Spanish subjects, they now became assets.", "If they cleared and farmed the land, they provided revenue that Spanish Louisiana desperately needed.", "Since many of these men previously served in the Revolution, they provided a ready militia for defending their property.", "This included defending it against their former country, the United States, with little authority west of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Internationally, the weak US became a tragic pawn in the continuing superpower struggle between England and France.", "With no naval forces for protection, American merchant mariners became victims of both nations on the high seas.", "British and French warships stopped American ships bound for their enemy, confiscating cargo and conscripting sailors into their navies.", "In the Mediterranean Sea, our ships became the targets of the Barbary Pirates, the ancestors of our enemies today.", "Helpless, our government paid ransoms for prisoners and tribute for safe passage until the Barbary Wars of the early 19th Century.", "Despite all of these problems most influential Americans still “looked inward,” and feared a strong central government more than foreign domination.", "When the cries of outrage came from the western frontiers regarding Indian depredations, our leaders still more feared a “standing army.”", "In the world of the Founding Fathers the tyranny of King George III’s central government created their problem.", "The king further used his “standing army” for oppressing the colonists and infringing on their liberties.", "Congress also possessed more recent examples of the problems with a “standing army” during the American Revolution.", "First came the mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line in January, 1781 for addressing their grievances.", "Since the beginning of the war, in 1775, the Continental soldiers endured almost insurmountable hardships, as explained previously.", "The soldiers rarely received pay, and then received the almost worthless “Continental Currency,” which inflation further devalued.", "This forced severe hardships also on the soldiers’ families, and many lost their homes and farms.", "The soldiers marched on the then-capital, Philadelphia, for seeking redress for these grievances.", "Forced into action, Congress addressed their problems with pay and the soldiers rejoined the Army.", "A second, though less well known, mutiny occurred with the New Jersey Line shortly thereafter with different results.", "For “nipping” a growing problem “in the bud,” Washington ordered courts-martial and the execution of the ring leaders.", "The last such trouble occurred in the final months of the war in the Continental Army camp at Newburgh, New York.", "Dissatisfied with congressional inaction on their long-overdue pay, many officers urged a march on Philadelphia.", "Fortunately, Washington defused this perceived threat against civil authority, and squashed the strong possibility of a military dictatorship.", "However, Congress realized that it needed some military force for defending the veterans settling on their land grants.", "The delegates authorized the First United States Regiment, consisting of 700 men drawn from four state militias for a one year period.", "I read countless sources describing the inadequacy of this force, highlighting congressional incompetence and non-compliance by the states.", "The unit never achieved its authorized strength, the primitive conditions on the frontier hindered its effectiveness and corrupt officials mismanaged supplies.", "Scattered in small garrisons throughout the western territories, it never proved a deterrent against the Indians.", "No incentives existed for enlisting in this regiment, and it attracted a minority of what we call today “quality people.”", "Again, confirming state dominance over the central government, this “army” came from a militia levy from four states, a draft.", "A tradition at the time provided for the paying of substitutes for the men conscripted during these militia levies.", "Sources reflect that most of these substitutes came from the lowest levels of society, including those escaping the law.", "From whatever source these men came, at least they served and mostly did their best under difficult circumstances.", "Routinely, once the soldiers assembled they must learn the skills needed for performing their duties.", "For defending the western settlements the small garrisons must reach their destination via river travel.", "Once at their destination they must often construct their new installations using the primitive tools and resources available.", "The primitive transportation system often delayed the arrival of the soldiers’ pay and supplies, forcing hardships on the troops.", "Few amenities existed at these frontier installations and the few settlements provided little entertainment for the troops.", "Unfortunately, once the soldiers achieved a level of professionalism, they reached the end of their enlistment.", "With few incentives for reenlistment, the process must begin again, with recruiting and training a new force.", "Fortunately many prominent Americans saw that the country needed a different form of government for ensuring its survival.", "Despite the best intentions and established rules, few people followed these rules or respected our intentions.", "The Constitutional Convention convened in Philadelphia in May, 1787 with George Washington unanimously elected as its president.", "As the delegates began the process of forming a “more perfect Union,” the old, traditional “colonial” rivalries influenced the process.", "While most Americans possess at least ancillary knowledge of the heated debates among the delegates, few know the conditions.", "Meeting throughout the hot summer, the delegates kept the windows of their meeting hall closed, preventing the “leaking” of information.", "We must remember that this occurred before electric-powered ventilation systems or air conditioning.", "They kept out the “media,” and none of the delegates spoke with “journalists,” again for maintaining secrecy.", "Modern Americans, often obsessed with media access, do not understand why the delegates kept their deliberations secret.", "Most of the delegates felt they possessed one chance for creating this new government and achieving the best possible needed their focus.", "“Media access” jeopardized this focus and “leaked” information, with potential interruptions, jeopardized their chance for success.", "We find this incomprehensible today, with politicians running toward television cameras, “leaking” information and disclosing national secrets.", "Unfortunately a “journalistic elite” exists today, misusing the First Amendment, with many “media moguls” believing themselves the “kingmakers” of favorite politicians.", "The delegates sought the best document for satisfying the needs of the most people, making “special interest groups” secondary.", "Creating a united nation proved more important than prioritizing regional and state desires.", "These delegates debated, and compromised, on various issues; many of which remain important today.", "They worried over the threat of dominance by large, well-populated states over smaller, less-populated states.", "Other issues concerned taxation, the issue that sparked the American Revolution, and import duties, which pitted manufacturing states against agricultural states.", "Disposition of the mostly unsettled western land, claimed by many states, proved a substantial problem for the delegates.", "The issue of slavery almost ended the convention and the delegates compromised, achieving the best agreement possible at the time.", "On September 17, 1787 the delegates adopted the US Constitution and submitted it for approval by the individual states.", "Again, merely passing laws and adopting resolutions does not immediately solve the problems, or change people’s attitudes.", "Ratification of the Constitution required the approval of nine states, (three-fourths) which occurred on June 21, 1788.", "However, two important large states, New York and Virginia, still debated ratification.", "Several signers of the Declaration of Independence, and delegates at the Constitutional Convention, urged the defeat of the Constitution.", "Fiery orator, Patrick Henry, of “Give me liberty, or give me death,” fame worked hard for defeating it in Virginia.", "Even the most optimistic supporters gave the Constitution, and the nation, only a marginal chance at survival." ]

[ "Sketch the graph of the following.", "Any help would be appreciated!", "You know that there are two vertical asymptotes at x = 5 and x = -3, then the graph also tends to the line y = x as x becomes large.", "Since there are two asymptotes, the graph is in three parts and as similar graphs, the central part is fairly similar to the numerator, that is a cubic.", "Now what you can do is try out what is the value of y slightly to the left and slightly to the right of the asymptotes to know the shape of the graph, whether it's ascending or descending." ]

[ "No doubt Native Americans took advantage of thenatural bounty of the Suwannee and the neighboring forest.", "Byaround 7500 BC the Native American population increased, and peoplebegan to settle, at least for a time, along rivers and lakes.", "Theyfished, gathered freshwater snails, and hunted deer.", "Within Andrewson the bluff above the Suwannee are the remains of an ancienthunting and fishing camp.", "When Spanish explorer Narvarez crossedthe Suwannee thousands of years later, his men called it \"River ofthe Deer.\"", "Later, Indians escaping to Florida from other parts ofthe Southeast named it \"Suwani,\" meaning \"echo river\" in Creek.", "Sound echoes from the river's limestone bluffs, especially when thewater is low.", "Postcard, 1936 - Florida Photo ArchivesFerry on the Suwannee ca 1882 - Florida Photo ArchivesBy the 1830s the tranquil, tree-lined Suwanneebecame an important navigation route.", "Steamboats carried lumber toCedar Key for transport by steamship to Europe and the Northeast.", "Much of the virgin cypress in the Suwannee floodplain was harvestedin the early 1900s.", "Furrows created by \"snaking\" huge cypress logsare still visible along the banks of the Suwannee.", "In the early part of the 1900s what was later tobecome Andrews was subject to a wide range of uncontrolled uses,including open range livestock grazing.", "Range hogs readily adaptedto the habitat and are still present on Andrews today as huntersrediscover each fall.", "In 1945 the Andrews family purchased the area.", "Theymanaged the land for outdoor recreation and were careful to protectnatural resources.", "Limited weekend hunts were held for deer,turkey, and squirrel, and no mining or significant timber harvestoccurred.", "The Andrews family created four, five-acre clearings inthe upland hardwoods and scattered roadside openings.", "In the late 1970s the deer density approached onedeer per ten acres, which resulted in severe over-browsing ofunderstory vegetation and a decline in the physical condition ofthe deer.", "Doe harvest was initiated in the early 1980s to reducethe population and to achieve a more balanced sex ratio.", "The state purchased the land in 1985 through theSave Our Rivers and Conservation and Recreation Lands programs." ]

[ "Fled from Syria with 300 Catholic companions to Italy due to Monophysite persecution of Severus in 514.", "Ordained in Rome, Italy.", "Preacher in Umbria, Italy.", "Founded a monastery at Spoleto, Italy.", "Bishop of Spoleto for 20 years.", "When he arrived to assume his see, the people rejected him as a foreigner, but the city gates miraculously opened on their own to let him in, and the people realized that God wanted him there.", "He later resigned to found the abbey of Farfa in the Sabine hills near Rome.", "A renowned peacemaker, Lawrence had the gift of healing blindness, both physical and spiritual, which led to the title Illuminator.- “Saint Lawrence the Illuminator”.", "Saints.SQPN.com.", "2 February 2010.", "Web. 26 May 2013.", "<http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-lawrence-the-illuminator/>" ]

[ "Types of ExplosionsAny explosion that is the direct result of using a weapon; such as a sword laden with explosive magics, or a gun that's been given explosive bullets.", "The most obvious example is a grenade or a block of TNT.", "Most guns can be put into this category, given the common firearm mechanism of propelling a bullet out of the gun's barrel through an explosion in the chamber.", "A larger scale example would be the atomic bomb that a player can detonate on the town of Megaton in Fallout 3.", "Think Final Fantasy or Dragon Warrior for magic-based explosions in games.", "Spells such as \"Flare\" in Final Fantasy and \"Explodet\" in Dragon Warrior are good examples.", "In other games, a character may motion with their hand to create a fireball or a beam of powerful light, which will explode upon impact.", "In Oblivion, the magic-wielding player motions forward with his/her arm and points to create a fireball, which then hurdles through the air, exploding upon any solid surface.", "Magical \"summonings\" also create magical explosions, such as Bahamut's attack in most Final Fantasy games.", "These explosions emanate from the world around the player.", "They can activate on their own, or be triggered by the player's actions.", "Classics, such as the exploding barrel and fuel tank are often large and loud explosions - and in some environments, they can connect with other exploding objects to create a chain-reaction.", "This also contains objects such as vehicles, booby traps, and mines.", "This type of explosion can be very important to some games, as explosive environmental objects are often part of objectives or checkpoints in a game.", "These explosions are the result of any living thing that is able to explode.", "A simple example of this would be any kamikaze enemy in a game that's willing to run up to a player and detonate themselves." ]

[ "Grape mealybug—Pseudococcus maritimusGrape mealybugs are soft, oval, flattened insects.", "Theirbodies are distinctly segmented; divisions among the head,thorax, and abdomen are not distinct.", "The adult female isabout 5 mm long and appears smoothly dusted with a white,mealy, wax secretion.", "Long caudal filaments along the lateralmargin of the body become progressively shorter toward theA new vine mealybug hasrecently invaded California vineyards.", "This species hasshorter filaments than the grape mealybug.", "Mealybugs excrete large quantities of sticky honeydew, which drips onto fruit clusters and later turnsblack from sooty mold.", "Some berries may crack.", "Mealybugs do not injure vines.", "Remove loose bark in winter; young mealybugs and eggs are concealed in such places until spring.", "Hightemperatures in June kill much of the most damaging brood.", "Controlof ants (which interfere with naturalenemies) is important.", "Oils applied during dormancy can reduce numbers somewhat." ]

[ "The next day we learned that frogs come from eggs.", "Frog eggs look a little different from the eggs of other animals and it took a little convincing to persuade them that they were actually eggs.", "We talked about the life cycle of frogs.", "After that we made frogs, complete with long, curly tongues and wrote about them.", "Here is how they turned out...", "|I just love these little guys!|After frogs & turtles, we talked about snakes!", "I am not a fan of snakes, but my students ALWAYS love to learn about them!", "This year my class is heavy on boys (12 out of 17) and this unit keeps them so engaged!", "I LOVE teaching through themes.", "I know that the theme keeps them so engaged that I can slip in writing, reading & math skills without them even realizing it!", ":)", "I do not have pictures of our snakes because I couldn't get them to turn out.", "We colored 2 sides of a paper plate and then cut them in a swirl so that they looked like curly snakes.", "Then, I hung them from the ceiling.", "They would twirl when the air kicked in and the kids loved it!", "All in all, this was a great unit.", "My kids stayed engaged and excited the entire week.", "I was able to teach them valuable math, reading, writing, & science skills...what more could I have asked for? :)" ]

[ "NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty.", "NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.", "Saturday, May 25, 2013Crackles in Inhalingwhat is the cause of crackles?", "What can be done ?", "\"Crackles\" refers to a non-specific, subjective description of an abnormal sound which is heard when someone listens to the lung.", "The list of problems which can cause crackles is quite long and varies.", "If indeed crackles are present, then some investigation to understand what might be causing this abnormal sound is important.", "This will likely be some picture of the lung.", "In general, abnormal findings should be investigated until a satisfactory explanation is obtained for the abnormal finding.", "Once a cause is identified, one can then define an appropriate course of action.", "Robert Schilz, DO, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve University" ]

[ "If you look back on your own days as a student, you can recall with ease teachers who made learning fun.", "You wanted to be in their classes.", "Best of all, you were certain that those teachers liked you and missed you on those days when you had to be absent.", "If you succeed at nothing else in your career, you should aim to create that same effect on your students.", "What makes certain teachers gifted?", "Charisma.", "According to a standard definition, charisma is \"a unique personal power belonging to those individuals who secure the allegiance of large numbers of people.\"", "Fortunately, classroom charisma is a learned trait.", "It is something that you should begin working on the first day you teach to your last.", "How do you rate your classroom charisma?", "How do you create an environment in your classroom in which your students are made to feel that they are accepted and necessary to the proper functioning of the class?", "How do you create a nurturing, and positive climate in your classroom?", "Be specific.", "For example, I smile and greet students as they come into the classroom.", "I use questioning techniques that engage all students.", "My lessons are packed with a variety of interesting activities.", "I dress professionally.", "I use techniques that appeal to all of my students' learning styles.", "I establish procedures and routines and stick to them." ]

[ "Chapter 5 takes place an estimated 9 years after Nebuchadnezzar’s death and about 36 years after the previous chapter.", "Belshazzar was Nebuchadnezzar’s grandson who took control of the kingdom as his father was on extended leave fighting the Persians.", "It appears that Daniel had retired from his high place in government.", "He would have been pretty old at this point, though he also could have lost his position when Nebuchadnezzar died.", "The walls of Babylon were 87 feet thick and 100 feet highIt was fairly common for the kings to dine with such large numbers of people as you can see in Esther 1.", "In this case though, the invading armies are right outside the city walls.", "This would seem to be incredible arrogance similar to his grandfather, but Herodotus tells us that Babylon had two walls surrounding the city with a moat in between.", "The walls were 87 feet thick and 100 feet high, so conquering Babylon was not something that happened easily.", "At the end of the chapter we find out that this would be the night it was captured.", "Herodotus corroborates the Bible and mentions a festival was going on the night the city was conquered.", "Regardless of the city’s security, it was a bad decision to get drunk in front of your lords with an invading army outside.", "Even worse to taunt a god by desecrating sacred items collected from a temple.", "Maybe he was doing this to instill a sense of pride to his lords reminding them of past victories, though Daniel seems be very specific about his lack of sobriety.", "The handwriting on the wall has always stood out to me as a bizarre miracle by God (bizarre by miracle standards that is).", "This seems like something you would see in a horror movie.", "The best interpretation I found of the Aramaic writing said it literally translated to “numbered, numbered, weighed, divided.”", "Belshazzar was not given a message of repentance but rather a proclamation of impending judgement.", "It is evident to us that although the king is just informed of his doom, God had been moving the Medes and Persians in place to execute his plan for some time.", "Extra-biblical writings tell us that the Persians blocked the flow of the Euphrates and walked on the riverbed to an unguarded portion of the wall where they climbed up without opposition.", "Since so many were gathered at the festival, the Babylonians were defeated with relative ease.", "Numbered, numbered, weighed, dividedDarius the Mede is not found anywhere else in extra-biblical writings and is a serious point of contention for Bible critics.", "Cyrus was definitely the king of Persia, so Darius could either be a Babylonian nickname or title similar to Caesar or Pharoah.", "It also could be referring to the local ruler that Cyrus put in charge of that area.", "There is no evidence to identify Darius the Mede, but there is also no hard evidence contradicting it." ]

[ "Théodore Simon was born on July 10, 1872 in Dijon, Burgundy, France.", "During much of his early life, he was fascinated by Alfred Binet's work and constantly read his books.", "His interest in psychology continually increased, especially as the need for clinical experience in the field decreased.", "In 1899, he became an intern at the asylum in Perray-Vaucluse where he began his famous work on abnormal children.", "This drew Binet's attention, who was at the time studying the correlation between physical growth and intellectual development.", "Binet came to the asylum and continued his work there with Simon.", "This research led to Simon's medical thesis on the topic in 1900.", "From 1901-1905, Simon worked in various hospitals, from Sainte-Anne to Dury-les-Amiens.", "1905 is the year during which Simon and Binet made public their famous Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, the first intelligence measuring device ever devised.", "It premiered in L'Année psychologique, a journal founded by Binet in 1895.", "Throughout his life after this point, Simon always remained critical of immoderate and improper use of the scale.", "He believed that its over-use and inappropriate use prevented other psychologists from achieving Binet's ultimate goal: understanding human beings, their nature, and their development.", "The scale was revised in 1908 and again in 1911, but Simon kept it the same after Binet's death in respect for one of history's greatest psychologists and Simon's true idol.", "After 1905 until 1920, Simon worked as the head psychiatrist at St. Yon hospital.", "In 1920, he returned as medical director at Perray-Vaucluse until 1930.", "From there, he moved to act as medical director until late 1936, when he retired.", "Throughout his life (starting in 1912 until 1960)", "he was also an editor for Bulletin of Société Alfred Binet.", "He died of natural causes in 1961.", "Wolf, T. H. (1961).", "American Psychologist, 16: 245-248.", "|This article about a psychologist is a stub.", "You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|" ]

[ "|Graphing Random Walk|I am trying a produce a random walk for a distance n and my task is tofind how many times along the walk the difference between the two valuesproduced is 0.", "The walk gives a binary output and is linked to twoselective groups.", "I feel I have successfully completed this bit, but amhaving difficulty plotting a graph to show this.", "The plot should be the xvalue against the natural numbers, thus a visual description of how manytimes the graph goes through the x-axis, to prove the Y value produced.", "What function should I use to plot this graph?", "Does the function need to be done within the \"For\" function?", "If anyone has any ideas or clues as to how I can overcome this problem,please be in touch.", "Attachment: RandomWalk.nb, URL: ," ]

[ "J.S. Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, in 1685 and died in 1750.", "He came from a long family history of professional musicians including church organists and composers.", "Like his father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, J.S. (Johann Sebastian) would learn and surpass him in this art of classical music composing.", "Bach's childhood wasn't that great as his father passed away when he was 9 and his mother also died when he was a young boy.", "Although he spent much time with his musically inclined uncles, he also spent time studying and learning from his older brother, Johann Christoph Bach.", "Growing up, Bach learned much about organ building.", "Back in those days, the church organ was a highly complex instrument with many mechanical and moving parts/pedals and pipes.", "His early experience with repairing and talking with organ builders & performers would prove valuable as he mastered the musical craft." ]

[ "Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online.", "With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.", "If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's \"Refresh\" button).", "Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.", "Table of contents", "Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless data transfer.", "Bluetooth connectivity is often found in high-end keyboards and mice.", "Bluetooth generally provide an operating range of up to 30 feet and is less prone to interference in comparison to RF technology.", "DPI and FPSDPI (dots per inch) and FPS (frames per second) are the number of counts in an inch of movement and the number of times the sensor reads the surface in a second respectively.", "These figures are measures of the amount of information recorded by the mouse's sensor.", "The greater the amount of information that is gathered, the more accurately and precisely the surface can be tracked.", "To detect movement, optical and laser mice use sensors to read beams of light as they are reflected from the tracking surface.", "Currently 400 and 800 DPI optical mice as well as 800 DPI laser mice are very popular, but some high-end models are capable of 1000, 1600 or even 2000 DPI tracking speeds.", "The Personal System/2 or PS/2 was the designation for IBM's second generation of personal computers.", "The PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports were introduced with it.", "PS/2 ports connect the keyboard and mouse to a computer and are usually color-coded on today's systems - purple for keyboards and green for mice.", "Most desktop motherboards still provide PS/2 ports, but an increasing number of keyboards and mice are using USB ports.", "Radio Frequency (RF) is a wireless communication technology.", "Using RF technology allows keyboards and mice to computers without annoying cables.", "The USB (Universal Serial Bus) port is a popular I/O interface used for connecting computers and peripherals or other devices.", "It is capable of supporting up to 127 daisy-chained peripheral devices simultaneously.", "The latest USB 2.0 specification can deliver 480Mbps data transfer bandwidth.", "In addition, USB provides plug-and-play capabilities to allow device changes while the computer is powered on.", "Today, many keyboard and mice use the USB interface." ]

[ "Alice Walker usually puts herself into characters that she writes about in her stories.", "However, you don't understand this unless you know about her.", "Staring with this let us find out about who she is and where she came from.", "When recounting the life of Alice Walker, you find out that she was born to sharecroppers in Eatonton, Georgia in 1944 and was the baby of eight children.", "She lost one of her eyes when her brother shot her with a BB gun by accident.", "She was valedictorian of her class in high school and with that and receiving a scholarship; she went to Spelman, a college for black women, in Atlanta.", "She then transferred to Sarah Lawrence College in New York and during her time there went Africa as an exchange student.", "She received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Sarah Lawrence in 1965.", "She was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 60's and as of the 90's she is still an involved activist.", "She started her own publishing company in 1984, Wild Tree Press.", "She is an acclaimed writer and has even received a Pulitzer Prize for the movie, The Color Purple.", "What is it about her that makes her works so meaningful and persuasive?", "What provoked her to write what she has?", "One of her works, a short story called Everyday Use, is a story that she herself can be pictured in.", "During the opening of this story you find a woman with her two daughters.", "She and one of her daughters, Maggie, have just cleaned and beautified the yard of their new house.", "It is very comforting sitting under the Elm tree that is present and blocks the wind from going through the house.", "It is a place that you feel enveloped in comfort and love.", "Maggie and Dee, the other daughter are very different, and it is very apparent that mother, is not your everyday' woman.", "She, the mother, is \"a larger woman that can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man' (American Lit, p. 2470).", "She has no problems doing what needs to be done in order to feed and protect her...", "[continues]Cite This Essay(2005, 05).", "Instilled Heritage.", "StudyMode.com.", "Retrieved 05, 2005, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Instilled-Heritage-57580.html\"Instilled Heritage\" StudyMode.com.", "05 2005.", "05 2005 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Instilled-Heritage-57580.html>.", "\"Instilled Heritage.\"", "StudyMode.com.", "05, 2005.", "Accessed 05, 2005.", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Instilled-Heritage-57580.html." ]

[ "- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.", "From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:Nectarine \\Nec`tar*ine\"\\ (n[e^]k`t[~e]r*[=e]n\"), n. [Cf. F. nectarine.", "See Nectar.]", "(Bot.)", "A smooth-skinned variety of peach.", "[1913 Webster] Spanish nectarine, the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum.", "It is made into a sweet conserve which is largely exported from Cuba.", "[1913 Webster]" ]

[ "NPP launched Oct. 28, 2011.", "It is a first step in building the next satellite system to collect data on climate change and weather conditions.", "Teachers to put science to the test in a microgravity environment aboard the agency’s reduced gravity aircraft.", "01.25.12 - NASA Explorer Schools held a live video chat on Jan. 25, 2012 with Josh Willis who answered questions about sea level rise and global climate change.", "01.12.12 - NES held a video webchat Jan 12, 2012 with Dr. Bill Cooke and Rhiannon Blaauw.", "They answered questions about meteors, meteorites and comets and their potential danger to spacecraft.", "12.13.11 - Danielle Margiotta joined NES on Dec. 13, 2011 and answered student questions about how NASA engineers prepare satellites to endure the harsh environment of space.", "11.23.11 - NASA Explorer Schools held a video chat on Nov. 23, 2011 with Zareh Gorjian for a look at NASA's computer graphics area.", "11.03.11 - On Nov. 3, 2011, NASA's Deputy Director of Planetary Science, Jim Adams answered student questions about NASA's recent planetary mission discoveries and upcoming launches.", "Adams discussed his career path and some of the most rewarding moments in his 22-year career with NASA.", "10.13.11 -", "In celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month, Dr. Félix Soto Toro joined NES on Oct. 13, 2011, for our first live bilingual video chat.", "Students asked questions of this astronaut applicant and electrical engineer and found out what it was like for Soto to grow up in Barrio Amelia Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, with few advantages.", "They also learned what inspired him to pursue a career with NASA.", "A video or transcript of this chat will be posted at a later time.", "02.17.11 - Being a scientist doesn't always mean spending your days in a lab.", "For NASA microbial ecologists, going to work might mean climbing aboard a research vessel, or collecting marine and soil samples in the Andes, Mexico, or even in Europe and Africa!", "Students were able to find out what it's like to hunt microbes around the globe with Angela Detweiler and Dr. Lee Bebout.", "Chat transcripts are now available.", "03.29.11 -", "The NES project invited all K-12 students to participate in a one-hour-long NASA career panel video webchat on March 29, 2011.", "This year's panelists were three outstanding women who have chosen to pursue careers in science and engineering.", "A transcript and/or video will be posted at a later time." ]

[ "The story explains how Huey, Dewey and Louie originally joined the Junior Woodchucks.", "Years ago, when the boys were still very small, they were up to so much mischief that Donald finally got fed up with it and decided that something must be done.", "By chance, he ran across a scout group of the Junior Woodchucks, and this inspired him to send his nephews to join the organisation.", "At the annual grand jamboree of the Junior Woodchucks, the boys discovered that their own grandmother is the daughter of the organisation's founder.", "Thus interested, the boys wanted to join the Junior Woodchucks immediately.", "The chiefs originally didn't want to accept them, but when they learned they were the great-great-grandchildren of their original founder, they accepted them immediately.", "They never had descendants of their founder before, even though Huey, Dewey and Louie weren't the first ones to try; Donald had also tried to join them, but was rejected because of his bad temper.", "As novices in the Junior Woodchucks, the boys' first task was to find the remains of the Fort Duck, which was demolished to make room for Scrooge McDuck's Money Bin.", "The trail led the boys, accompanied by Major Snozzie, to a wood pulp factory owned by Scrooge, where the logs from the fortress were about to be made into pulp.", "But when the worker responsible for the pulp making learned of the logs' origin, as a former Junior Woodchuck himself, he immediately stopped the machines, to avoid destroying the historical remains.", "The story ends with the boys being promoted to full members of the Junior Woodchucks and Donald being awarded an honorary medal." ]

[ "(1881 - 1973)", "Regarding the canon of art history, no other artist has exerted such influence as Pablo Picasso.", "Frequently dubbed the \"dean of modernism,\" the Spanish artist was revolutionary in the way he challenged the conventions of painting.", "His stylistic pluralism, legendary reconfiguration of pictorial space and inexhaustible creative force have made Picasso one of the most revered artists of the 20th century.", "Influenced by symbolism and Toulouse-Lautrec, Picasso developed his own independent style in Paris during his renowned Blue Period (1900-1904): motifs from everyday life..." ]

[ "Classification of BurnsWhat are the classifications of burns?Burns are classified as first-, second-, or third-degree, depending on how deep and severe they penetrate the skin's surface.", "First-degree (superficial) burnsFirst-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin.", "The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters.", "Mild sunburn is an example.", "Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color.", "Second-degree (partial thickness) burnsSecond-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin.", "The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.", "Third-degree (full thickness) burnsThird-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis.", "Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.", "The burn site appears white or charred.", "There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed." ]

[ "These energy saving tips will show you how to reduce your impact on both the environment and your energy bills.", "1. Turn out the lights when you leave a room.", "This is probably the easiest thing you can do to save energy – just flip the switch on your way out.", "2. Turn off electronic devices when you are not using them.", "This includes TVs, computers, DVD players, stereos, and any other electronic devices.", "If you’re not using it, why leave it on?", "To take this one step further, you can also unplug devices like cell phone chargers when they are not in use.", "They still use a small amount unless they are completely unplugged, even if they do not appear to be in use.", "3. Invest in energy-efficient light bulbs, such as compact fluorescent bulbs.", "These are slowly replacing regular incandescent bulbs, and they use significantly less energy.", "4.", "In the winter, wear extra layers around the house.", "Simply turning up the thermostat seems so easy, but putting on a sweater uses a lot less energy.", "Try to have an extra-comfy sweater or sweatshirt handy that you can throw on over anything when you get cold.", "Wearing long underwear, tights or leggings under your pants can also be helpful if it is particularly chilly.", "5.", "During the winter, open shades during the day; during the summer, close them.", "Sunlight can have a powerful effect on the temperature of a room, especially if that room faces south and receives more sun.", "Use this to your advantage by keeping your living space warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.", "6. Block the bottoms of doors in winter to prevent heat from escaping.", "You can buy a door draft snake or make one yourself.", "7.", "Hang clothes to dry rather than use a dryer.", "This is very easy to do and will even make your clothes last longer; using a dryer causes clothes to shrink and lose their shape.", "You can buy a rack to hang them on at places like Bed Bath and Beyond.", "Be careful about using hangers to dry clothes, as they may stretch some fabrics.", "Hope these tips help you to save energy!" ]

[ "Like other pulmonate land snails, most slugs have two pairs of 'feelers' or tentacles on their head.", "The upper pair is light sensing, while the lower pair provides the sense of smell.", "Both pairs are retractable, and can be regrown if lost.", "On top of the slug, behind the head, is the saddle-shaped mantle, and under this are the genital opening and anus.", "On one side (almost always the right hand side) of the mantle is a respiratory opening, which is easy to see when open, but difficult to see when closed.", "This opening is known as the pneumostome.", "Within the mantle in some species is a very small, rather flat shell.", "Like other snails, a slug moves by rhythmic waves of muscular contraction on the underside of its foot.", "It simultaneously secretes a layer of mucus on which it travels, which helps prevent damage to the foot tissues.", "Some slug species hibernate underground during the winter in temperate climates, but in other species, the adults die in the autumn.", "In rural southern Italy, the garden slug Arion hortensis was used to treat gastritis, stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers by swallowing it whole and alive.", "Given that it is now known that most peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori, the merit of swallowing a live slug is questionable.", "A clear mucus produced by the slug is also used to treat various skin conditions including dermatitis, warts, inflammations, calluses, acne and wounds." ]

[ "Hypertension is often diagnosed during a visit to your doctor.", "Blood pressure is measured using a cuff around your arm and a device called a sphygmomanometer.", "Your doctor may ask you to sit quietly for five minutes before checking your blood pressure.", "If your blood pressure reading is high, you will probably be asked to come back for repeat blood pressure checks.", "If you have three visits with readings over 140/90 mmHG, you will be diagnosed with high blood pressure.", "Some people’s blood pressure goes up when they are at the doctor’s office.", "If your doctor suspects that may be occurring, he or she may ask you to get some blood pressure readings at home.", "In some cases, he or she may recommend that you wear an ambulatory blood pressure monitor.", "This device measures your blood pressure regularly throughout the day as you go about your activities.", "It is usually worn for 24 hours, even while sleeping.", "- Reviewer: Michael J. Fucci, DO- Review Date: 09/2012 -- Update Date: 00/91/2012 -" ]

[ "When faced with the possibility of cooperating for mutual gain, states that feel insecure must ask how the gain will be divided..", "A state worries about a division of possible gains that may favor others more than itself.", "That is the first way in which the structure of international politics limits the cooperation of states.", "A state also worries lest it become dependent on others through cooperative endeavors and exchanges of goods and services...", "The world's well-being would be increased if an ever more elaborate divisions of labor were developed, but states would thereby place themselves in situations of ever closer interdependence...", "In an unorganized realm each unit's incentive is to put itself in a position to be able to take care of itself since no one can be counted on to do so.", "The international imperative is \"take care of yourself\"!", "Some leaders of nations may understand that the well-being of all of them would increase in their participation in a fuller division of labor.", "But to act on the idea would be to act on a domestic imperative, an imperative that does not run internationally...", "Waltz's argument may not apply perfectly to the EU, since he claims that the fundamental impediment to cooperation is the threat of conflict.", "The era of European wars is long over, but there may nonetheless be something to Waltz's argument.", "In the midst of economic crisis, tensions between European countries have hardened, and the crisis has caused bickering among EU member nations.", "On another note, a recent FT/Harris poll of the British public found that only one in three Brits wants to remain in the EU." ]

[ "there is a book called \"the Statistics Problem Solver\" for $4 (used) on amazon.", "Buy it!", "These problem-solver books are great for math & science classes.", "With thousands of solved problems and the steps for solving them shown, its like having a grad student tutor at your elbow.", "You have to use the book correctly, though.", "The wrong way is to look at your homework problem, thumb thru the book until you see a similar one, then apply it blindly to your HW.", "A 5th grader could do that.", "Instead, use the book as a way to get practice until you understand the concepts.", "Go to the chapter matching your current classwork, cover up the answers and start working problems.", "If you get it wrong, read the correct steps, cover them up, do it again.", "Keep working problems until you get it.", "When you get midterms in class you'll almost be laughing because you know you can do them all.", "Keep in mind that a standard expectation for a college class is 2-3 hours outside of the class for every hour in it.", "Your class will meet 3x a week for an hour, which means you ought to be putting in 6-9 hours outside of class for it.", "Do this, and use your time effectively, you'll do well in the class." ]

[ "More in OutdoorsArguably the biggest mistake you can make is with \"topping\" your tree.", "It's considered something of a dirty word in horticulture circles.", "Topping means cutting a tree back so severely that only the stumps of large branches are left.", "It's done in an attempt to control the size of the tree.", "This stresses the tree because it takes away the leaves, its food sources.", "The tree will send out many smaller branches in an effort to produce more leaves quickly but they are not as strong as the previous branches and can break off easily in the wind.", "Tree topping also results in a pretty unattractive tree.", "The way to properly bring a tree down in height is to make your cuts at a joint.", "A joint is the place where either a leaf or a branch grows out from the stem.", "Cut down the tallest branches at a joint, which will reduce the height significantly, instead of leaving a bunch of stubs.", "This way, the tree will be able to heal itself, growing a new branch in that spot.", "If you have a dense tree that's completely blocking a view, you may want to thin it out.", "This involves removing entire branches that are too overgrown by making the proper cuts at a joint.", "This will allow you to see through the tree by taking some of the heaviness out of the canopy.", "It's always a good idea to have a pruning partner whenever you prune, but this especially helps when thinning.", "Before you cut, have someone stand back and look at the tree to make sure you're not chopping off an important part of the tree or taking so much as to ruin the shape.", "You don't want to turn your pruning tools into weapons, so you better know how to use them.", "Pruners and pruning saws should always be sharp and disinfected when you use them.", "This will help you to make a smooth, clean cut and the tree will be able to recover faster from it.", "For branches larger than 1-1/2\" in diameter, you'll want to use a special technique called the \"1,2,3 Method.\"", "This will protect the bark on your tree by preventing the branch from splitting.", "If you just started cutting downward on a larger branch, the weight of that branch would bring it down faster than you can cut.", "This would cause the branch to split and the bark would tear, making it harder for the tree to recover and more susceptible to pests or disease.", "Here is how this method is done:Cut #1: Make an undercut about 1' from the trunk, which means cutting on the underside of the branch.", "Stop cutting when you've gone one third of the way through the branch.", "Cut #2: Move about 3\" past the undercut, toward the end of the branch, and start cutting.", "The weight of the branch will still take it down and the trunk may split but it won't split past your undercut.", "Cut #3: Finish it off by cutting off the stub at the joint.", "All fields are required.", "Remember me on this computerPlease enter your email address and we will send your passwordYour password has been sent and should arrive in your mailbox very soon.", "Sign up with DIY Network to share tips with other do-it-yourselfers and comment and ask questions on projects.", "It's free and easy." ]

[ "Information for StudentsWelcome to the Flint Regional Science Fair!", "We look forward to seeing you at the Fair in March.", "Taking part in a science fair is fun, educational, and rewarding.", "This part of our web site provides information and links that can help you get started, conduct your research and enter the Flint Regional Science Fair.", "The FASF is held every Spring.", "This means you should begin planning in the Fall and Winter prior to the Fair to ensure you pick a good research topic, and have plenty of time to do a good job and present a quality project.", "Parents, teachers, and mentors are important helpers to identify projects, collect the resources required for your project, and track your progress.", "Ask your parents and your teachers for assistance.", "They are your best bet for one-on-one direction and support in your Science Fair experience.", "Elementary Division and Junior Division projects follow simpler rules than Senior Division projects.", "More Web Student Science ResourcesQuestions?", "Email firstname.lastname@example.org." ]

[ "Linn, Amy.", "Illuminating News: What You Don't Know About Lightning MightCome As Shock.", "Providence Sunday Journal.", "August 21, 1988.", "Abstract: This article explains some common misconceptions aboutlightning.", "For example, one misconception is that lightning never strikesthe same place twice.", "This is untrue.", "Once lightning discovers an easy targetit will likely strike again.", "The article also provides important safetyprecautions.", "The safest place during a thunderstorm is inside a house awayfrom windows or inside a closed car." ]

[ "In terms of their breadth, we can describe plans as strategic or tactical.", "Strategic plans are plans that are organization-wide (apply to the entire organization).", "The plans establish overall objectives, and position an organization in terms of its environment.", "Strategic plans drive the efforts of an organization to achieve its goals, and they serve as a basis for the tactical plans.", "Tactical plans often referred to as operational plans.", "Tactical plans are plans that specify the details of how an organization’s overall objectives should be achieved.", "Unlike strategic plans that tend to cover long periods of time, tactical plans tend to cover short periods of time.", "Some examples of tactical plans are an organization’s monthly, weekly, and daily plans." ]

[ "Lice are tiny insects that do not need wings.", "They are brownish coloring and they're very small when they are born.", "That’s exactly why it is really not easy to see them.", "Full grown head lice are usually about the size of a little sesame seed.", "Head lice can not fly or swim and they only by individual touching another person.", "How do the lice reproduceIt begins with a female louse laying eggs near the hair roots to keep the eggs comfortable and warm.", "The eggs hatch about a week later and baby lice are born.", "The nits or the vacant eggshells remain glued on the hair.", "When your hair grow out the eggshells end up being detectable and you may notice that there is something white-colored stuck to your head.", "Then you'll definitely know that you almost certainly have lice.", "It takes them about seven to 10 days for being fully grown.", "If they are grown they start to move from 1 head to some other, usually searching for a brand new home.", "Lady lice may lay eggs already after the 6th day after she came into this world.", "So to get rid of lice you have to act immediately and get rid of all the lice before the sixth day.", "If you don’t then the cycle starts all over again given that sole head lice could lay up to 10 eggs each day.", "To discover these tiny pests you need to search really carefully.", "You must search your entire head by a single small area of hair at a time.", "You will need to do this in a very good light or you will miss out on them.", "The eggs are extremely small however you can easily spot them because they're very white-colored.", "You can only see the eggs very close to the scalp.", "The eggs are glued on your hair with a highly effective material.", "Who should you treatOnly people who have head lice should be technically treated, however it is a good idea to look at your whole family for lice.", "Especially when a kid is carrying lice, since you are in close contact with the kid.", "The best method is to wet the hair and use a thin hair comb to go through the hair very carefully.", "When your child has lice then it'sbest if you inform all other parents of youngsters that your kid is in contact with and also the school.", "Without treating everyone the kid might be in touch with the head lice are going to be back again.", "Tips on how to avoid lice from coming back again?", "The first thing to do is to clean every thing which you've had contact with.", "Ensure that you use high temperature.", "You really need to thoroughly clean covers, hats, clothing, scarves and headwear to be sure.", "On the other hand do not need to clean the entire residence, because the lice aren't able to live for an extended time without humans.", "It's going to take them just a few days to pass away from hunger.", "Hope it helped on how to get rid of lice." ]

[ "Our Baby ParrotsAll of our baby parrots are left with their mother for the first three weeks of their lives.", "Doing this ensures a strong immune and gut flora system develops.", "At three weeks of age, the babies are taken from the nest, are handfed and the socialization period begins.", "At around eight weeks old, the babies have a complete examination by a licensed avian veterinarian to make sure they are healthy and doing fine.", "At the same time as the checkup we have them DNA-sexed.", "As the babies start the weaning process, we introduce them to a great variety of pellets, fruits, rice, pasta, eggs, vegetables and even some chicken.", "This usually begins at approximately five to six weeks of age, but they are also still being handfed.", "We gradually start to cut back on the handfeeding as the babies grow and mature.", "We let the babies let us know when that time arrives.", "When they are not hungry, they will spit the formula back out or they just won’t open their beaks.", "It is very common for a baby parrot to lose some of their body weight at this point.", "All our babies are raised in our home, in a family environment.", "Our house is a very busy place, with lots of ongoing activity.", "We are Foster Parents, so we have children of all ages playing with, cuddling and just talking to the baby parrots.", "Running around the house also are two tiny Yorkshire Terriers and a Toy Maltese.", "Needless to say, our babies are exposed to many different faces and voices.", "The babies get to run around our kitchen for large periods of time throughout the day – this is their time to play together and get acquainted with their siblings and friends." ]

[ "The benefits of exercise are many, from producing physically fit bodies to providing an outlet for fun and socialization.", "When added to a weight control program these benefits take on increased significance.", "We already have noted that proper exercise can help control weight by burning excess body fat.", "It also has two other body-trimming advantages:1) Exercise builds muscle tissue and muscle uses calories up at a faster rate than body fat and2)", "Exercise helps reduce inches and a firm, lean body looks slimmer even if your weight remains the same.", "Additional benefits may be seen in how exercise affects appetite.", "A lean person in good shape may eat more following increased activity, but the regular exercise will burn up the extra calories consumed.", "There are other physical benefits of regular exercise as well.", "Regular physical activity helps you feel better because it:• Increases your strength, movement, balance, and flexibility.", "•", "Helps control blood pressure and blood sugar.", "•", "Helps build healthy bones, muscles, and joints.", "• Helps your heart and lungs work better.", "• Boosts energy during the day and may aid in sleep at night.", "The psychological benefits of exercise are equally important to the weight conscious person.", "Exercise decreases stress and relieve tensions that might otherwise lead to overeating.", "• Exercise builds physical fitness which in turn builds self-confidence, enhanced self-image, and a positive outlook.", "When you start to feel good about yourself, you are more likely to want to make other positive changes in your lifestyle that will help keep your weight under control.", "• In addition, exercise can be fun, provide recreation and offer opportunities for companionship.", "The exhilaration and emotional release of participating in sports or other activities are a boost to mental and physical health.", "Pent-up anxieties and frustrations seem to disappear when you’re concentrating on going that extra mile." ]

[ "Dengue Fever in India04 March 2013Dengue fever is a growing concern in India.", "In 2012, 247 deaths were recorded as a result of dengue fever nationwide.", "Latest data on disease prevalence released by the Health Ministry shows a significant rise in the incidence of dengue fever from 18 860 cases in 2011, to 49 606 in year 2012.", "Around 1700 dengue cases were reported from Delhi in 2012.", "Advice for TravellersIndia is a popular tourist destination and travellers should be aware of the risk of dengue fever.", "Avoidance of mosquito bites, particularly during daylight hours, by covering up with clothing, the use of bite avoidance measures such as repellent and bed nets is advised.", "Elimination of breeding sites around hotel rooms/houses is advised for longer term stays." ]

[ "|Updated: 4/10/2007 10:12 am||Published: 4/10/2007 10:12 amFor your car's engine to be able to start, several things have to happen.", "The flywheel needs to turn the crankshaft, which moves the pistons up and down, which in turn makes the valves draw air into the combustion chamber to mix with fuel to ignite.", "The process starts when your car's starter motor connects gears with the flywheel after the key switch is turned to start.", "The starter motor will disengage after the engine is started.", "Your car's battery provides electricity to turn the starter, and your car's alternator keeps the battery charged and powers all the accessories in your car once it's running.", "The alternator generates more electricity the faster your car's engine runs.", "The voltage regulator in your car controls the amount of current to the battery and prevents damage from overcharging.", "Contact a qualified mechanic in your area for more information on your car's starting system." ]

[ "Vinca is very drought-tolerant and has an extremely long blooming season.", "It can also tolerate the highest temperatures we face during the summer growing season.", "Great improvements have been made in vinca flower colors and varieties during the past 25 years.", "In the 1980s, gardeners had few choices in terms of vinca growth habits, flower colors or disease resistance.", "In the 1990s, new forms and new flower colors arrived with rapid expansion occurring between 2000-2005.", "Vinca flower colors now include pink, deep rose, red, blush, scarlet, white, white with a red eye, lavender blue, peach, apricot, orchid, burgundy and many others.", "You can have vinca varieties that are upright and vinca varieties that are spreading.", "Plants generally grow 18-20 inches tall with a spread of 12-14 inches.", "Spreading types, though, have more trailing or ground cover habits and reach only 6-8 inches tall (at the most) with spreads of 18-14 inches.", "We do have vinca problems in the landscape, and based on the number of calls with vinca issues this spring, this is a bad year for vinca.", "This is surprising considering we now have disease-resistant varieties and we had a very dry spring and early summer.", "The main disease culprit is a fungus called Phytophthora, which always is present in our soils.", "It is often responsible for root rots and crown rots, and it attacks many types of plants.", "This fungus causes a disease seen shortly after planting, but it also can be found later in the year.", "Rhizoctonia is another disease common on vinca in Louisiana.", "It normally shows up in the summer after plants are established.", "Plant pathologists can also find Botrytis (gray mold) and Alternaria (leaf spot) on vinca in summer and fall.", "To get the best performance out of vinca in your landscape, consider the following LSU AgCenter recommendations:•Begin with good quality plants.", "Inspect plants obtained from the greenhouse grower or retail garden center for healthy roots.•Select a full-sun location.", "Vinca need at least eight hours of direct sun daily for optimum performance.", "•Properly prepare the landscape bed to allow for drainage and aeration.", "Raise the bed at least 6 inches if drainage is questionable.", "If beds are already established, all debris from the previous planting needs to be removed.", "Possibly, mulch should be removed also and add another couple inches of landscape soil prior to planting.", "•Although late April through early May is the ideal first planting date for the spring, you can continue planting vinca through the summer.", "The main thing to remember is that vinca love warm soil.", "•Plant so that the top of the root ball is level with or slightly higher than the soil of the bed.", "Proper spacing also is important because a crowded planting limits air circulation and can create conditions more favorable to disease development.", "Space transplants at least 8-10 inches apart.", "The more quickly plants grow together, the higher the likelihood of disease moving through foliage later in the year.", "•Mulch to decrease splashing of rainfall and irrigation water from soil onto the lower stems and foliage of the plants.", "Bedding plants should be mulched to a depth of about 1 inch.", "Pine straw is the preferred mulch material.", "•Manage irrigation properly.", "This is the main culprit in plant decline in commercial landscape beds.", "Vinca need very little irrigation once they’re established.", "Avoid regular overhead irrigation.", "Even if the landscape bed drains very well, an adequate volume once a week is the most water that should be applied.", "•Don’t plant periwinkles in the same bed year after year.", "Rotate them with other summer bedding plants that like sunny locations, such as blue daze, lantana, pentas, angelonia, scaevola, verbena, melampodium or sun-tolerant coleus.", "Varieties of vinca available in Louisiana include Pacifica, Cooler, Mediterranean, Victory, Titan, Nirvana and Cora series.", "Cooler and Pacifica are older varieties that still perform well with correct care.", "Mediterranean vincas spread and should be planted only in hanging baskets and containers.", "Titans have the largest flowers of all the vinca groups.", "The newer and more expensive Nirvana and Cora vincas have genetic resistance to Phytophthora.", "A few other vincas we have evaluated at the LSU AgCenter recently are not being sold in any significant quantities in Louisiana.", "It is late in the bedding-plant season, but pay attention to vinca in landscapes.", "Are you noticing them looking good or looking bad?", "Try to figure out why a particular planting is performing well or not performing well.", "Vinca can have trouble through the summer and fall if proper practices are not followed, so consider the above options to improve your success.", "For more information, contact Dr. Chris Robichaux, county agent/area horticulturist, St. Martin/Iberia Parishes, at 332-2181 or 369-4440." ]

[ "Guest Author - Preena DeepakMusic and dance rituals were an important aspect of temple worship in ancient India.", "In this pretext it was also a common Hindu tradition to dedicate or commission young girls to gods.", "These girls called ‘Devadasis’ were then separated from their families and trained in music, dance and a unique lifestyle within temple gates unlike their counterparts outside.", "Their life was from then on, one of service to the gods.", "When a Devadasi attained puberty, she was married to the deity in a religious ceremony.", "From then on she would become a temple prostitute.", "Indian temples always had the patronage of Kings who ruled the country and in many instances devadasis became the concubines of the kings.", "In other cases, devadasis lived with their patron who provided them with property and wealth.", "Marriage was forbidden for Devadasis who were eternally bound to the deity.", "However Devadasis became available to anyone who was able to ‘afford’ their keep.", "The word ‘Devadasi’ means ‘Servant of God’.", "The girls dedicated to become Devadasis were mostly from poor, lower caste families for whom devoting one child to the god only meant less pressure on the family’s meager finances.", "Devadasis were considered blessed as entering into wedlock with the god protected them from widowhood.", "As a result of these reasons several young girls were pushed into prostitution, under the safe banner of religion.", "Traces of the Devadasi system can be seen in many parts of India, particularly in South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.", "It is believed that the Devadasis of Orissa, called ‘Mahari’ did not practice prostitution but devoted themselves to temple service and had special duties assigned to them.", "With the decline of monarchy in India and with the invasion of Moghul and British rulers, the Devadasi system began to deteriorate.", "Christian Missionaries who worked in India, Social Activists and Reformers also had a share in putting an end to this grotesque Indian custom.", "The Indian Government banned the Devadasi system in 1988.", "However in spite of this, the Devadasi system continues under cover in India.", "Under the burden of poverty, many young girls are still commissioned as Devadasis though Indian temples no longer have music and dance rituals or dedication ceremonies.", "These girls are married to the god and then sent for prostitution in red light areas.", "Unlike olden days, most of these girls do not have regular patrons and suffer under many men before succumbing to AIDS and other venereal diseases.", "The children born to Devadasis are forced to follow along the footsteps of their mothers, since they live alienated from main stream life and are rejected from social institutions.", "This creates a vicious circle in which many young girls in India get trapped even today." ]

[ "Who Invented Fireworks ArticleFourth of July for KidsThere are many different ways that the Fourth of July can be celebrated.", "Each year, families everywhere participate in some sort of activity to celebrate the Fourth of July.", "This year, if you are searching for a way to celebrate the Fourth of July, you should consider simply doing things that surround the enjoyment of your child.", "Here, you will find many suggestions that you can use to create a Fourth of July for kids.", "You can implement one of these suggestions this Fourth of July, or all of them!", "One of the first ways that you can create a Fourth of July for kids is to encourage children to dress in the American colors.", "You may even allow children to purchase an outfit that reflects the American spirit.", "You can allow children to create an American hat, or other accessories that they can wear.", "You may choose to purchase small flags that they can wave as they walk around throughout the day.", "You may want to teach them what the different symbols and colors on the American flag represent and encourage them to teach others throughout the day of the Fourth of July.", "A Fourth of July for kids can include teaching many patriotic songs like “Yankee Doodle”, and teaching the history of the song and why the lyrics are what they are.", "It is also a great idea to check out books from the library that tell the story of the Fourth of July.", "These books should be the appropriate grade level for the child that you are sharing it with.", "There are numerous books, for example, that teach about the Fourth of July for very small children so that they have a basic understanding of the events of the day and why we celebrate it.", "If you want to celebrate a Fourth of July for kids, you should consider creating many arts and crafts that surround the holiday.", "You may want to create a firework display from paper, and American flag from fabric or poster board, and similar other things.", "There are many things that you can create using various items around the house that can teach children about the Fourth of July.", "This type of tactile learning allows many children to comprehend lessons more easily.", "If you are going to host a Fourth of July party, you should allow your child to decorate for the event using the lessons that they have learned regarding this holiday.", "This can prove to be a lot of fun for the child and the people who attend the event will enjoy the creativity of the child.", "You may also want to allow the child to create small flags or a variety of other items to give to the guests as a thank you for coming to the Fourth of July party." ]

[ "Do you know which language is the official language of 21 countries in the world, spanning four continents?", "It's Spanish (or Espa-ol), of course!", "Spanish is not only the official language of Spain and Mexico, but also of many countries in South and Central America.", "Which other countries can you name?", "Did you know that it's also the official language of a country in Africa?", "Equatorial Guinea lies on the western coast of Africa and its two official languages are Spanish and French.", "Not all Spanish sounds the same and not all Spanish words mean the same thing in each country.", "Many Spanish words have been incorporated into the English language.", "Did you know that the word \"burrito\" actually means \"little donkey?\"Have you ever heard of someone naming a car \"won't go?\"", "Not many people would want to buy that car.", "That's exactly why the Chevrolet Nova didn't sell in Spain and Latin America.", "\"No va\" means \"won't go\" in Spanish.", "The United States territory Puerto Rico means \"rich port.\"", "The Central American country Costa Rica means \"rich coast.\"", "The state of Colorado's name is actually from the Spanish word meaning \"red.\"", "Nevada means \"snowy\" or \"snowed upon\" in Spanish.", "Do you know what state's name comes from an old Spanish term meaning \"earthly paradise?\"", "California.", "Can you think of any other common names that stem from the Spanish language?", "Have you heard the saying \"Mi casa es su casa?\"", "It's a sign of hospitality that means \"my house is your house.\"", "In English we might more commonly say \"make yourself at home.\"", "In some parts of India, a salary is called \"pagar,\" which in Spanish means \"to pay.", "\"Many names are actually Spanish words as well.", "For example, a \"bandera\" is a flag so the actor Antonio Banderas' name means \"flags.\"", "Geraldo Rivera's last name means \"riverbank\" or \"riverside\" in Spanish, as does the name of the great Mexican artist Diego Rivera.", "\"Rivera\" looks like the word \"river\" in English but the word for \"river\" in Spanish is actually \"ri-!\"", "Spanish is all around us.", "What other words of Spanish origin can you find?-- Gwendolyn Gallace, Spanish teacher, Jefferson, Maine.", "*** Try to figure out what the Spanish poem, La Boda (right), says!", "Hoy en este amanecer,Suenan las campanas sin cesar,Los musicos tocan su música,Porque la boda ya va a empezar.", "La gente se levanta,Al ver la novia entrar,Con su vestido blanco,Y con una alegraQue no puede dejar.", "Atras de ella,Los pajes tiran flores,Con sus caritas peque-as,Y sus vestidos de muchos colores.", "Al fin la novia para,Y atras voltea,Por su novio espera.", "El novio ahora camina,Hacia su novia bella,Nervioso y feliz,Pero siempre pensando en ella.", "Mientras la ceremonia sigue,Un angel del cielo viene,Les da amor y felicidad,De la que el tiene.", "El angel les dice,Que vivan felices y llenos de alegra,Y que el amor siempre encuentren,Dia tras dia.-- por Marian Urias, 11 a-os de edad, Mexicana, 6th grade, El Paso, Texas." ]

[ "This statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Spain from 2003 to 2013.", "GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year.", "It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country.", "Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth.", "Spain's real GDP growth in 2011 was about 0.4 percent compared to the previous year." ]

[ "The drought in Texas, during March, was the worst since 1895.", "That is about the time my parents were born 120 years ago.", "I never thought it could be worse than the drought of the 1950s, but it is.", "Drive out into grazing country where mesquite aren't too thick and all you can see is dry, cracked soil with an occasional fire ant or a gopher mound in the sandier soil.", "Comparing the current drought with the seven-year drought in the 1950s, old-timers say the current drought sapped the soil of moisture faster than it did in the 1950s.", "It just stopped raining last July, and pasture after pasture was hit by wildfires.", "Right now, there is no potential to produce hay, harvest wheat or plant cotton or grain sorghum this May.", "Unless there is a week of rain fairly soon there is no hope for agriculture this year.", "The Texas Ag Extension Service says that, despite a few recent showers in some areas, the cotton growing in Texas and Oklahoma is still in a drought.", "Any crop planted in southern Texas earlier in the year that got up out of the ground is now being sand blasted by hot, dry winds.", "Wildfires have burned at least 1.5 million acres in the state since Jan. 1.", "In addition to grazing losses, ranchers are facing rangeland stock water tanks that are dry or nearly dry.", "Streams are not flowing and lakes and big tanks are turning to deep mud." ]

[ "Posts Tagged ‘Allergy shots’Most people do not experience adverse reactions to allergy shots.", "Sometimes they may have swelling, redness or itching at the site of injection.", "These mild reactions are usually treated with antihistamines, and the doctor may adjust the dose for the next injection.", "Rarely more severe reactions are manifested.", "In sensitive individuals, the vaccine can cause asthma symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing or coughing.", "In addition, an anaphylactic reaction can cause dizziness, nausea, chest tightness or swelling of the throat that prevents you from breathing.", "These reactions can be treated in the office, but sometimes may require treatment in hospital.", "Read the rest of this entry »Before administering vaccines allergy testing is needed to determine which allergens will trigger allergic reactions.", "These studies include skin or patch tests and a blood test called “radioallergosorbent test” or RAST.", "The results are not always accurate.", "You may get a positive test without allergic symptoms or, conversely, to show allergy symptoms even with a negative test.", "How it is doneWhen given an allergy vaccine is injected a small amount of allergen under the skin, usually in the fleshy part of the forearm.", "At the start of treatment, the injections are usually once a week and go increasing doses of allergens gradually with each injection.", "A patient can achieve the maximum dose, also known as a maintenance dose at four to six months of starting treatment.", "Read the rest of this entry »Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, are a medical procedure that involves making the body insensitive to not overreact to certain allergens.", "They are given small amounts of the substance to cause discomfort by injection to stimulate the immune system gradually.", "As the weeks and months will increase the amount of allergens in gradually.", "It is not yet clear how the allergy shots, but it is estimated that the treatment stimulates an immune response against allergens other, which is more comfortable than traditional allergic response.", "The vaccines do not provide immediate relief, but may be a good long term solution if they work well.", "Many people have managed to reverse the symptoms of allergy after completion of treatment (3 to 5 years) with allergy shots.", "It may take six months to a year before symptoms begin to disappear.", "For those who respond to treatment, allergy shots can significantly reduce the intensity and frequency of symptoms.", "However, in some cases, it may not produce any effect or the results are minimal, even after completing a year of treatment.", "Read the rest of this entry »" ]

[ "Bicycles are inherently stable because of their geometry.", "The geometry causes the bicycle to always turn into the direction it begins to lean, which keeps it upright.", "The reason is best illustrated through a concept known as counter-steering.", "Counter steering is how all two wheel vehicles turn.", "When you want to turn towards the left, you turn the handlebars a little to the right.", "The friction of the wheels pulls the bottom of the bike towards the right, which initiates a lean towards the left.", "The handle bars then begin to swing towards the left to track through the turn.", "When it's time to stop the turn, you turn the handlebars a little more to the left.", "That pulls the bottom of the bike further towards the left, which brings the bottom of the bike directly under the center of gravity and thus stopping the turn.", "On many bikes and at low speeds, the counter steering effect can be unnoticed by many riders.", "However, at high speeds, or with heavier vehicles such as motor cycles it is more significant.", "So, how does this work where there is no rider?", "It is because of the rake in the fork and the rail it causes.", "If you trace an imaginary line through the axis of your fork to the ground, it will hit the ground ahead of where the wheel contacts the ground.", "Because the wheel contacts the ground behind the steering axis, the wheel will always feel a force from the road trying to bring it to center, pointing straight ahead.", "When the bike is tipped to one side, the forces begin to push the wheel to the side that the bike is tipped.", "So all these forces add up.", "The rake in the fork makes the bike want to go straight forward.", "And when it feels a bump in one direction or the other, the counter steering will tend to bring the bike the other direction.", "Then the fork rake will begin pushing the front wheel further away, which will then straighten the bike out, because of the counter steering." ]

[ "by Piter Kehoma BollLet’s expand the universe of Friday Fellow by presenting a plant for the first time!", "And what could be a better choice to start than the famous Grandidier’s Baobab?", "Belonging to the species Adansonia grandidieri, this tree is one of the trademarks of Madagascar, being the biggest species of this genus found in the island.", "Reaching up to 30 m in height and having a massive trunk only branched at the very top, it has a unique look and is found only at southwestern Madagascar.", "However, despite being so attractive and famous, it is classified as an endangered species by IUCN Red List, with a declining population threatened by agriculture expansion.", "This tree is also heavily exploited, having vitamin C-rich fruits which can be consumed fresh and seeds used to extract oil.", "Its bark can also be used to make ropes and many trees are found with scars due to the extraction of part of the bark.", "Having a fibrous trunk, baoabs are able to deal with drought by apparently storaging water inside them.", "There are no seed dispersors, which can be due to the extiction of the original dispersor by human activities.", "Originally occuring close to temporary water bodies in the dry deciduous forest, today many large trees are found in always dry terrains.", "This probably is due to human impact that changed the local ecosystem, letting it to become drier than it was.", "Those areas have no or very poor ability to regenerate and probably will never go back to what they were and, once the old trees die, there will be no more baobabs there.- – -Baum, D. A. (1995).", "A Systematic Revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 82, 440-470 DOI: 10.2307/2399893Wikipedia.", "Adamsonia grandidieri.", "Available online at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adansonia_grandidieri>.", "Access on October 02, 2012.", "World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998.", "Adansonia grandidieri.", "In: IUCN 2012.", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.", "Version 2012.1.", "<www.iucnredlist.org>.", "Access on October 02, 2012." ]

[ "Draw a square.", "A second square of the same size slides around thefirst always maintaining contact and keeping the same orientation.", "How far does the dot travel?", "Points A, B and C are the centres of three circles, each one ofwhich touches the other two.", "Prove that the perimeter of thetriangle ABC is equal to the diameter of the largest circle.", "An AP rectangle is one whose area is numerically equal to its perimeter.", "If you are given the length of a side can you always find an AP rectangle with one side the given length?", "Tom and Jerry started with identical rectangular sheets of paper.", "Each of them cut his sheet into two.", "Tom obtained two rectangles, each with a perimeter of $40$cm while Jerry obtained two rectangles, each with a perimeter of $50$cm.", "What was the perimeter of Tom's original sheet of paper?", "If you liked this problem, here is an NRICH task which challenges you to use similar mathematical ideas.", "This problem is taken from the UKMT Mathematical Challenges." ]

[ "“A remote Indian village is responding to global warming-induced water shortages by creating large masses of ice, or “artificial glaciers,” to get through the dry spring months.", "(See a map of the region.)", "Located on the western edge of the Tibetan plateau, the village of Skara in the Ladakh region of India is not a common tourist destination.", "“It’s beautiful, but really remote and difficult to get to,” said Amy Higgins, a graduate student at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies who worked on the artificial glacier project.", "“A lot of people, when I met them in Delhi and I said I was going to Ladakh, they looked at me like I was going to the moon,” said Higgins, who is also a National Geographic grantee.", "People in Skara and surrounding villages survive by growing crops such as barley for their own consumption and for sale in neighboring towns.", "In the past, water for the crops came from meltwater originating in glaciers high in the Himalaya.”", "Read more: National Geographic" ]

[ "Elephants We’ll Never ForgetIn 1919 a Major Pretorius was given the task to shoot all the remaining elephants in the Addo area of the Eastern Cape in South Africa.", "By 1920 only 16 elephants remained and these were given sanctuary on the land of a farmer named J.T. Harvey.", "The elephants were viewed both as a nuisance and potential profit.", "Citrus farmers in this region battled them for water resources.", "Opportunists saw cash in their tusks.", "Initial efforts to fence elephants were unsuccessful and farmers were aggravated when elephants trampled through in search of food.", "But by 1954, thanks in part to improvements in elephant-proof fencing, the Addo Elephant National Park was thriving.", "Elephant population was improving and farmers had their irrigation and crops intact.", "Now this national park is roughly 50,000 acres (the 3rd largest national park in SA) and is home to 450 elephants and a host of other wildlife.", "From our limited experience of the place it seems like a beneficial situation for the wildlife, the environment, the local community, and farming.", "For us it was a thrilling two days driving around the park in search of animal and plant life.", "Here's some of what we saw." ]

[ "Deer more active this time of year in roadways | NewsCAPE GIRARDEAU, MO (KFVS)- Troopers are warning drivers to be on the lookout for deer crossing Missouri's roadways.", "Colonel Ron Replogle, superintendent of the Missouri State Highway Patrol says more deer are active this time of year especially during evening and early dawn hours.", "He says that's mainly due to mating season, hunting and crop harvesting.", "According to the Missouri Highway Patrol, in 2011 there were 3,563 traffic crashes involving deer in Missouri.", "Four people were killed and 367 injured.", "And, in 2011, 26.7 percent of the traffic crashes involving deer happened in urban areas.", "Col. Replogle says the majority of deer-vehicle strikes occur from October-December, with the most strikes happening in November.", "He adds most deer strikes occur between the hours of 5 p.m. and 6:59 a.m.Here are some tips to observe when driving this time of year:", "-When you see deer, slow down and proceed with caution.", "-In areas where there are streams or wooded corridors surrounded by farmland, look for more deer to cross roadways.", "Copyright 2012 KFVS.", "All rights reserved." ]

[ "As everybody knows, sometimes studying Phrasal verbsis not an easy task, does it?", "When I was a student, it was really hard (for me) learning and realizing what phrasal verbs were about.", "I bought a Dictionary about phrasal verbs, I would use them in class with my Professors & classmates, English native speakers and so on.", "But then, I noticed that there were some very common and very useful Phrasal verbsto study as well as keeping in mind during an English conversation.", "This is my list:(Most of these phrasal verbs have several meanings, so make sure you remember them all!)", "1. Add upa-", "To be added together and equal the expected or correct total.", "Example: “We added up the apples: there were 12″b-To make sense : to seem to be logical or true.", "Example: “Her story didn’t add up, I think she was lying, it didn’t make sense”2.", "Blow upa-", "To fill (something) with air or gasExample: “Please could you blow up those balloons?”b-", "To explode or to cause (something, such as a bomb) to explode.", "Example: “The building was blown up by a bomb”c-", "To become very angry.Example: “When I said I couldn’t go to her party, she blew up”3.", "Bring upa-", "To take care of and teach (a child who is growing up).", "Example: “Their grandparents brought them up because their parents were always travelling”b-", "To mention (something) when talking : to start to talk about (something).", "Example: “Don’t bring up the fight again, please!”4.", "Call offa-", "To stop doing or planning to do (something) .", "Example: “Maria called off the wedding, she decided she didn’t love him”b-", "To cause or tell (a person or animal) to stop attacking, chasing, etc.Example: “Call off your dog!", "He’s attacking my cat”5.", "Carry ona-", "To continue to do what you have been doingExample: “Sorry I interrupted, carry on talking!”b-", "To behave or speak in an excited or foolish way.", "Example: “The little boy was carrying on: shouting and kicking all day long”6.", "Come acrossa-", "To seem to have a particular quality or character : to make a particular impression.", "Example: “Julia came across as a bit bossy”b-", "To be expressed to someone.", "Example: “I tried to sound happy but it came across as over-excited”c-", "To meet or find (something or someone) by chance.", "Example: “Luis was leaving the fruit shop and he came across Tom, what a coincidence”7.", "Come up witha-", "To get or think of (something that is needed or wanted).", "Example: “We finally came up with a solution to the problem!”8.", "Fall apart(Oh, listen to the song \"Emotions\" by Bee Gees & Samantha Sang)a-", "To break into parts in usually a sudden and unexpected way,Example: “My cake fell apart when I tried to cut it”b-", "To become unable to live in a normal way because you are experiencing a lot of confusion or emotional painExample: “After the divorce, she fell apart”9.", "Get alonga-", "To be or remain friendlyExample: “We’re not together anymore, but we get along great”b-", "To make progress while doing something.", "Example: “How are you getting along at playing the guitar?”", "c-", "To leave a placeExample: “It was lovely to see you, but my friend has to get along, she has class”d-", "To become old.Example: “Her grandma is getting along; she’s almost 99″10.", "Get awaya-", "To go away from a place.Example: “I can0t wait to get away from the city”b-", "To avoid being caught : to escapeExample: “The thieves managed to get away in a stolen car”c-", "To not be criticized or punished for (something).", "Example: “Yvonne is always lying, I can’t understand how she gets away with it”TO BE CONTINUED" ]

[ "IntroductionKiribati (kĭrˌĭbăsˈ)", "[key], officially Republic of Kiribati (2005 est. pop. 103,000), 342 sq mi (886 sq km), consisting of 33 islands scattered across 2,400 mi (3,860 km) of the Pacific Ocean near the equator.", "It includes 8 of the 11 Line Islands, including Kiritimati (formerly Christmas Island), as well as the Gilbert and Phoenix groups and Banaba (formerly Ocean Island).", "Tarawa is the capital.", "The population is nearly all Micronesian, with about 30% concentrated on Tarawa.", "English is the official language, and Kiribati, a Micronesian language, is also spoken.", "Some 50% of the inhabitants are Roman Catholic, while 40% are Protestant.", "Fishing and the growing of coconuts, taro, breadfruit, and sweet potatoes form the basis of the mainly subsistence economy.", "The mining of Banaba's once thick phosphate deposits ended in 1979.", "Copra, coconuts, seaweed, and fish are the chief exports; foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, and fuel are imported.", "Australia, Japan, Fiji, and the Unites States are the main trading partners.", "A member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the nation is a republic governed under the constitution of 1979.", "The president, who is both head of state and head of government, is elected by popular vote for a four-year term and is eligible for two more terms.", "The unicameral House of Parliament has 42 members, most elected by popular vote, who serve four-year terms.", "Administratively the country is divided into three units (the Gilbert, Line, and Phoenix islands), and subdivided into six districts.", "There are also 21 island councils, one for each of the inhabited islands.", "Sections in this article:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed.", "Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press.", "All rights reserved.", "See more Encyclopedia articles on: Pacific Islands Political Geography" ]

[ "MCP Spelling Workout Homeschool Bundle Level A (Grade 1)", "Spelling Workout Primary Levels have a high phonics base and the upper grades study word origins and vocabulary.", "Spelling practice is provided through riddles, puzzles, interactive activities and reviews, and reinforces what has been previously learned.", "This program uses a test-study method.", "Your child will first take a pre-test of words not introduced and then, under your direction, will self-correct the test, rewriting correctly any missed word.", "The spelling words will be studied as your child works throughout the practice exercises, and then a final test will be given.", "This bundle includes: Student Edition, Teacher's Edition, & Parent Guide." ]

[ "Notes: A colorful and bizarre addition to any reef aquarium, the Spiny Sea Cucumber can live for many years in the home aquarium.", "It will move around the aquarium until it finds an area with a good current where it can filter plenty of food.", "Once it finds a desirable spot it may stay there for many months.", "The Spiny Sea Cucumber uses its oral tentacles to catch food that floats by.", "As each tentacle becomes full of food it draws its entire tentacle into its mouth.", "It must be fed foods for filter feeders including marine snow, phytoplankton, and zooplankton.", "If not properly fed the body of the Spiny Sea Cucumber will slowly begin to shrink.", "The Spiny Sea Cucumber can be harmed by the intakes of any pumps or powerheads in the aquarium, so make sure to protect all intakes to prevent it from being sucked in." ]

[ "The mountains and valleys of New Hampshire are rich with mineral formations.", "From the southwest corner of the state near Keene to the northern Canadian border near Littleton there are fascinating deposits of a variety of minerals.", "One of these deposits is known as the Littleton Formation which was formed during the Devonian era approximately 300,000,000 years ago.", "The mining of these mineral deposits has been an important part of New Hampshire history from prehistoric eras to the present.", "The Ruggles Mine, in Grafton N.H., is part of the Littleton Formation and has a rich mining and geological history.", "It is the oldest and largest mine of its kind in the United States.", "Minerals such as Mica, Feldspar, Beryl, and Uranium were mined at Ruggles for 175 years." ]

[ "Large circular ear ornaments were popular personal adornments of prominent ancient Peruvian lords and a symbol of their status and wealth.", "The weight of the frontal, which could reach widths of more than four inches, was counterbalanced by a long tubular shaft that went through the distended hole in the earlobe.", "Particularly impressive are those earflares with colorful mosaics.", "On this pair, bird-headed (or masked) winged runners, worked in turquoise, sodalite, and spondylus shell, hold bags in their outstretched hands.", "Their eyes and beaks are sheathed in gold.", "They may be depictions of mythological messengers." ]

[ "Two hundred years ago this week, during the War of 1812, an Ohio fort was front and center as American forces battled the British for control of Lake Erie and the region around it.", "If the British and their allies had prevailed, places like Toledo, Sandusky, Vermilion, Lorain, Cleveland and Conneaut might be on maps of Canada today.", "This weekend in Perrysburg,", "historic Fort Meigs observes the 200th anniversary of the bloodiest day of fighting there during the three-year War of 1812 --", "May 5, 1813, the First Siege of Fort Meigs.", "More...Visit the fort this Friday, May 3, through Sunday, May 5, 2013, and meet hundreds of War of 1812 re-enactors from the United States and Canada portraying those who fought there.", "Explore authentic 1812-era military camps and see battle re-enactments, fife and drum concerts, musket and cannon firings and more." ]

[ "Henry Franklin Battles/ Susan (Monks) BattlesSubmitted by: Archie (Bud) and Doris Battles, grandson and wife.", "The Henry Franklin Battles and Susan Monks families presumably came from Alabama and settled around Cameron, Indian Territory.", "Henry Franklin Battles born 12-23-1851, enrolled at Doaksville, Indian Territory and died 2-6-1936 at Gowen, OK.", "His father was G.W. Battles.", "Susan (Monks) Battles born 12-23-1856 to F.M. and Susan Monks.", "She was enrolled in Garris County and died 7-25-1937 at Ashland, OK.", "It is presumed that around Cameron, Indian Territory is where Henry and Susan met, married and started raising their family of four boys.", "From there, they moved to Wilburton where they had one girl and two more boys.", "They farmed and the children went to a small school southwest of Wilburton.", "They named it the Battles School.", "Later, some of the boys went to Jones Academy.", "Later on, they were enrolled on the Choctaw Rolls and was allotted land around Ashland, Indian Territory.", "They moved to their land where they farmed and horse raced.", "Their children had all met, married and had children by this time.", "All of the grandchildren moved, with most of them going to Salt Plains, Van Horne and Ashland.", "Their children were:- William E. born 12-28-1872 and died 1-2-1950.", "His first wife was named Martha then he married Emma Shaw;- Finis Marion born 8-19-1878 and died 1-18-1958.", "He married Maggie Dunlap on 4-29-1906;- John Marim born 5-22-1881 and died 1-21-1970.", "His first wife was Cemie Patrick then Annie May Chester;- George Washington born 8-21-1887 and died 4-5-1962.", "He married Ola Mae Christian, 10-20-1907;- Erma E.L. born 12-24-1888 and died 2-26-1975.", "She married Jim Carter;- James (Jimmie) Ernest born 8-7-1893 and died 7-27-1974.", "He married Walsie Akin in 1912;- Lester born 12-24-1896 and died 12-19-1965.", "His first wife was Nellie Parnell", "then he married Mandy Owensby;- Pearl Clementine.", "Clementine was married to #3 son, John.", "Children of George Washington Battles and Minnie Ola (Christian) Battles are:Venita Jewell (Battles) Collie, born 11-13-1908 at Ashland.", "She married Jim Colie and there were no children;Oran, born 8-13-1910 at Ashland.", "His first wife was Birtha ?", "and they had one son, Charles; Tollie (Dutch), born 6-20-1920 at Ashland and died 12-4-1953.", "He married Alice?", "And they had four children:Mary Jo, Richard, Samuel and Linda; Archie Monroe (Bud), born 7-14-1914 at Wardville.", "He married Willie Doris Lenox, 12-30-1937 and they had two sons;Kenneth Hoyt and Walter Roy.", "Kenneth was born 12-3-1939 and married Mary Alice Hogan.", "Walker Roy was born 11-24-1942.", "His first wife was Wilma Sturgeion then he married Gwen Pola Gormly.", "Olen, born 11-22-1916 at Ashland.", "His wife was Joan; Henry Franklin (Dink), born 8-4-1914 at Ashland and died 3-11-1942.", "He had no children; Lucille, born 12-30-1920 at Ashland.", "She married Loyd Faris and they had two children, Shirley and Keith; Jake, born 4-19-1923 at Gowen.", "His wife’s name was Jean and they had two girls and one boy; Pauline, born 6-23-1928 at Wardville.", "She married J.B. Dave", "and they had one child, Pamela; George Washington, Jr. (Sam), born 7-15-1930 at Ashland.", "His wife’s name was Wanda and they had two children, Machala and Rodney.", "All of the children were born in Oklahoma within a few miles of each other." ]

[ "WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW:Alcohol intoxication is a harmful physical condition caused when you drink more alcohol than your body can handle.", "It is also called ethanol poisoning, or being drunk.", "AFTER YOU LEAVE:You may be given medicine to manage the signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication.", "Take your medicine as directed.", "Contact your primary healthcare provider if you think your medicine is not helping or if you have side effects.", "Tell him if you are allergic to any medicine.", "Keep a list of the medicines, vitamins, and herbs you take.", "Include the amounts, and when and why you take them.", "Bring the list or the pill bottles to follow-up visits.", "Keep the list with you in case of emergency.", "Follow up with your primary healthcare provider as directed:Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.", "Limit or avoid alcohol:", "Men should not have more than 2 drinks per day.", "Women should not have more than 1 drink per day.", "A drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1½ ounces of liquor.", "Do not drive or operate machines when you drink alcohol:", "Make sure you always have someone to drive you when you drink alcohol.", "Learn ways to manage stress.", "Deep breathing, meditation, and listening to music may help you cope with stressful events.", "Talk to your caregiver about other ways to manage stress.", "For more information:- Alcoholics AnonymousWeb Address: http://www.alcoholics-anonymous.org.Contact your primary healthcare provider if:- You need help to stop drinking alcohol.", "- You have trouble with work or school because you drink too much alcohol.", "- You have physical or verbal fights because of alcohol.", "- You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.", "Seek care immediately or call 911 if:- You have sudden trouble breathing or chest pain.", "- You have a seizure.", "- You feel sad enough to harm yourself or others.", "- You have hallucinations (you see or hear things that are not real).", "- You cannot stop vomiting.", "- You were in an accident because of alcohol.", "© 2013 Truven Health Analytics Inc.", "Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes.", "All illustrations and images included in CareNotes® are the copyrighted property of the Blausen Databases or Truven Health Analytics.", "The above information is an educational aid only.", "It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments.", "Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you." ]

[ "Lifestyle and home remediesBy Mayo Clinic staff", "You'll probably need to make lifestyle changes to stop cycles of behavior that worsen your bipolar disorder, and to make sure you get the support you need from people in your life.", "Here are some steps to take:- Quit drinking or using illegal drugs.", "One of the biggest concerns with bipolar disorder is the negative consequences of risk-taking behavior and drug or alcohol abuse.", "Get help if you have trouble quitting on your own.", "- Steer clear of unhealthy relationships.", "Surround yourself with people who are a positive influence and won't encourage unhealthy behavior or attitudes that can worsen your bipolar disorder.- Get regular exercise.", "Moderate, regular exercise can help steady your mood.", "Working out releases brain chemicals that make you feel good (endorphins), can help you sleep and has a number of other benefits.", "Check with your doctor before starting any exercise program, especially if you're taking lithium to make sure exercise won't interfere with your medication.- Get plenty of sleep.", "Sleeping enough is an important part of managing your mood.", "If you have trouble sleeping, talk to your doctor or mental health provider about what you can do.- Bipolar disorder.", "National Institute of Mental Health.", "http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index.shtml.", "Accessed Nov. 2, 2011.- Bipolar disorders.", "The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals.", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric_disorders/mood_disorders/bipolar_disorders.html#v1028598.", "Accessed Nov. 2, 2011.", "- Mood disorders.", "In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed.", "Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. http://www.psychiatryonline.com.", "Accessed Nov. 3, 2011.- Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.", "Washington, D.C.: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.", "http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/member_information/practice_information/practice_parameters/practice_parameters.", "Accessed Nov. 2, 2011.- Joska JA.", "Mood disorders.", "In: Hales RE, et al.", "The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry.", "5th ed.", "Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008.", "http://www.psychiatryonline.com/pracGuide/pracGuideChapToc_8.aspx.", "Accessed Nov. 3, 2011.- Martinez M, et al.", "Psychopharmacology.", "In: Hales RE, et al.", "The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry.", "5th ed.", "Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008.", "http://www.psychiatryonline.com/content.aspx?aID=320111.", "Accessed Nov. 3, 2011.- Post RM.", "Bipolar disorder in adults: Maintenance treatment.", "http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html.", "Accessed Nov. 2, 2011.- Andreescu C, et al.", "Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of bipolar disorder: A review of the evidence.", "Journal of Affective Disorders. 2008;110:16.- Sarris J, et al.", "Bipolar disorder and complementary medicine: Current evidence, safety issues, and clinical considerations.", "The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.", "2011;17:881.- Hall-Flavin DK (expert opinion).", "Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Nov. 8, 2011." ]

[ "I highly recommend the Golden Spider Silk exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum, where the world’s largest piece of cloth, made entirely from spider silk is being exhibited.", "The exhibition will run from the 25th January to the 5th June.", "Spider silk is an extremely strong material and on a weight basis is stronger than steel.", "These spiders are found throughout the tropics, in countries such as Madagascar, and are known as Gold orb weavers because of their gold coloured web.", "These spiders, large enough to fill the palm of your hand, are in fact blind.", "Their eyes are only able to vaguely detect changes in light.", "Instead they rely on a keen sense of touch to feel vibrations on their web and track down the entangled prey.", "The work of producing golden silk is completely a female endeavour!", "– the male spider does not produce silk – and it is a completely environmentally friendly process.", "However, as they are cannibals the spiders cannot be in close proximity to one another.", "It took eight years to make the cloth using silk from 1.2 million Madagascar Golden orb spiders (nephila madagascariensis).", "The exhibition is the result of the work of two men, Briton Simon Peers who has lived in Madagascar since 1989, and his partner Nicholas Godley whose grandmother was born in Madagascar.", "For more information visit the Victoria and Albert Museum website.", "About our guest blogger: Anita has travelled extensively around the world, she is interested in art and history, and loves discovering new places!" ]

[ "Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the front, upper part of the lower leg bone.", "This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.", "Causes, incidence, and risk factors:Osgood-Schlatter disease is thought to be caused by small, usually unnoticed, injuries caused by repeated overuse before growth of the area is complete.", "The disorder is seen most often in active, athletic adolescents, usually between ages 10 and 15.", "It is common in adolescents who play soccer, basketball, and volleyball, and who participate in gymnastics.", "Osgood-Schlatter disease affects more boys than girls.", "The main symptom is a painful swelling just below the knee on the front (anterior) surface of the lower leg bone.", "Symptoms occur on one or both legs.", "The person may have leg pain or knee pain , which gets worse with running, jumping, and climbing stairs.", "The area is tender to pressure, and swelling ranges from mild to very severe.", "Signs and tests:Your doctor can tell if you have this condition by performing a physical exam.", "A bone x-ray may be normal, or it may show swelling or damage to the tibial tubercle.", "X-rays are rarely used unless the doctor wants to rule out other causes for the pain.", "Treatment starts with rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen.", "In many cases, the condition will get better using these methods.", "In the rare case where symptoms do not go away, a cast or brace may be used to support the leg until it heals.", "This typically takes 6 - 8 weeks.", "Crutches may be used for walking to keep weight off the painful leg.", "Rarely, surgery may be needed.", "Most cases get better on their own after a few weeks or months.", "Most cases eventually go away once the child finished growing.", "Adolescents should be allowed to play sports if the activity does not cause discomfort.", "However, the condition will get better faster if such activity is kept to a minimum.", "Chronic pain is the most significant complication.", "Calling your health care provider:Call your health care provider if your child has knee or leg pain, or if pain does not get better with treatment.", "The small injuries that may cause this disorder are usually unnoticed, so prevention may not be possible.", "Regular stretching, both before and after exercise and athletics, can help prevent injury.", "Patel DR.", "Musculoskeletal injuries in sports.", "Prim Care.", "Jun 2006; 33(2): 545-79.", "Cassas KJ.", "Childhood and adolescent sports-related overuse injuries.", "Am Fam Physician.", "Mar 2006; 73(6): 1014-22.", "Mercier LR. Osgood-Schlatter disease.", "Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment.", "9th ed.", "St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2009:593." ]

[ "One of the greatest composers of all time, Franz JosephHaydn made an enormous contribution in the creation and development of virtually all musical forms and genres.", "1760, Haydn was appointed the official musician for the Esterhazy Princes.", "Only in 1790, Haydn was released and allowed to travel.", "Haydn went to London where he became the most important and influential musician.", "Haydn retired in Vienna still being in the service of Prince Nikolaus.", "Haydn remains one of the most popular musicians." ]

[ "Let food be your medicine!", "In India, food has been used to cure minor ailments for years.", "Learn how you can cure aches and pains, lifestyle conditions, minor skin and hair problems and common ailments at home!", "Find Home RemedyBody rash or skin rash is usually an inflammation on the skin.", "There is a change in color and texture on the affected area.", "Body rash could be the result of irritation, disease or an allergic reaction.", "Allergies could be to food, plants, chemicals, animals, insects or other environmental factors.", "Body rash could affect the entire body or could be limited to a specific area.", "Sometimes body rashes could be contagious.", "Body Rash Mix 10-12 basil leaves with 1 tbsp olive oil, 2 garlic cloves, salt and pepper.", "Apply a coat of this mixture to the rashes.", "Holy Basil leavesSalt and PepperTake foods rich in Vitamin C.", "It has antioxidant properties that will help in fighting body rash.", "Avoid foods causing allergic skin rash on the body or back.", "Do not scrub your skin when there is a rash breakout.", "Avoid using soap, switchover to gentle body cleansers.", "Do not expose the area to direct sunlight and hot water.", "Apply olive oil to the affected area to get relief from the body rash.", "Another effective natural cure for body rash and back rash is to apply baking powder on the affected area.", "Pour a cup of uncooked oatmeal into your bathwater and soak in the tub for natural treatment of body rash.", "It relieves inflammation.", "To relieve from skin rash, make a poultice from dandelion, yellow dock root and chaparral.", "All advice is intended to be for informational purposes only, and not a substitute for professional or medical advice and/or diagnosis/treatment.", "DesiDieter does not provide medical advice and is not a substitute for professional medical advice from a qualified healthcare provider." ]

[ "History of the Jigsaw PuzzleIts generally agreed that London print shop owner and map maker, John Spilsbury created the first jigsaw puzzle, about 1760.", "He mounted a map onto mahogany, and cut along the borders of the countries, as a way to teach children about geography.", "Early puzzles were called dissections.", "The introduction of the treadle saw in 1880, saw the name change to the now familiar jigsaw puzzle.", "Jigsaw puzzles remained primarily a teaching tool until they moved into the adult market, about 1907.", "By 1908 a full blown craze had developed starting in the Eastern United States.", "The golden age of jigsaw puzzles started in the 1920's peaking in 1933.", "The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 caused people to spend more time at home, and completing a jigsaw puzzle gave a feeling of accomplishment.", "Something that was hard to come by at that time.", "This was also the first time that puzzles were used for advertising purposes - a tooth brush company was the first to supply free puzzles for druggists to give to toothbrush buyers.", "Other commercial enterprises soon jumped on the band wagon - what better way to advertise , than have someone spend hours assembling a picture of the product.", "In the early days puzzles made of wood or plywood were expensive - costing as much as a weeks wages for the average worker.", "Each piece was cut individually.", "Early puzzles did not interlock and a careless bump or sneeze could undo an entire evenings work.", "The 1930's saw the development of mass produced die-cut cardboard puzzles, cut on giant industrial presses by companies such as Parker Brothers and Milton Bradley.", "Libraries and drugstores then started offering puzzle rentals at 25 cents for 3 days.", "Small run cardboard puzzles were still not economically feasible, primarily due to equipment costs.", "A flourishing business still exists for hand cut personal and custom puzzles, as is evidenced by the numerous web sites that offer this service.", "These mainly use photographs glued to plywood and are cut with either scroll saws or water jets.", "Colour photocopiers and recent developments in ink jet printer technology, have reduced printing costs, thereby replacing the necessity for photographic enlargements.", "The huge industrial press problem was solved with the advent of our roller press.", "Pressures required are enormous.", "The 308 piece puzzle requires 150 tons of pressure to cut 60 point chipboard.", "This pressure is achieved over the entire die surface by applying pressure one small area at a time.", "© 2005 Graffiti Graphics Ltd." ]

[ "Tell Time Like Early NavigatorsFlash back to the 15th century with this model of the very first star dials used by navigators to tell time.", "This ancient tool still works accurately, because is based on the North Star, which is almost directly on the axis of the Earth’s axis of rotation and always appears in the same position in the sky.", "Simply set the middle wheel to the month, hold the dial upside down, and sight the North Star through the center hole.", "Move the top of the dial’s arm to align with the uppermost stars of the Big Dipper, and read the time on the inner dial where the arm crosses the hour mark.", "The reverse side is outlines of the major constellations.", "Pewter finishes; comes with instructions." ]

[ "Body Composition TestsDecember 19, 2011", "The tests and measurements described in this fact sheet provide detailed measurements of fat and lean body mass.", "Repeated measurements can be helpful in monitoring body shape changes associated with lipodystrophy (see Fact Sheet 553) or with wasting syndrome (see Fact Sheet 519).", "Some of these measurements are used to determine if someone is overweight.", "Excess weight is associated with a higher risk of heart disease.", "Low weight, including an unintended weight loss of 5% or more, may also be a sign of health problems (see Fact Sheet 519).", "There are pluses and minuses for each method.", "Some have to do with cost.", "Also, a trained technician can often make a big difference in measurements.", "Try to use the same technique and technician if you are tracking changes over time.", "This word just means measuring the body.", "Anthropometry is the simplest technology.", "It involves using a tape measure to take key readings, such as biceps, thigh, waist, and hips.", "A trained technician is very important for this method.", "Calipers (a metal tool) are used to \"pinch\" body tissue in several places.", "The measurements are compared to standards.", "People doing the measurement should be trained so that the measurements are standardized.", "Divide your waist measurement (at the narrowest point) by your hip measurement (at the widest point.)In general, a healthy waist to hip ratio is below 0.9 for men and below 0.8 for women.", "These may not hold true for people with HIV who have fat accumulation around the waist.", "In general, a waist size over 40\" for men or over 35\" for women is associated with greater health risk.", "In BIA, a person is weighed.", "Age, height, gender and weight or other physical characteristics such as body type, physical activity level, ethnicity, etc. are entered in a computer.", "While the person is lying down, electrodes are attached to various parts of the body and a small electric signal is circulated.", "This signal cannot be felt.", "BIA measures the resistance (impedance) to the signal as it travels through the body muscle and fat.", "The more muscle a person has, the more water their body can hold.", "The greater the amount of water in a person's body, the easier it is for the current to pass through it.", "Higher fat levels result in more resistance to the current.", "Fat tissue is about 10% - 20% water, while fat-free mass (which includes muscle, bone, and water outside muscles) averages 70% - 75% water.", "BIA values depend on a person's age.", "Normally you can get an analysis of your results when the test is done.", "This is a calculation based on your weight and height.", "The formula is:(weight in kilograms) divided by (height in meters squared; or multiplied by itself).", "To convert pounds to kilograms, divide by 2.2.", "To convert height to meters, first convert height to inches (12 x feet, plus extra inches).", "Then divide by 39.4.", "For example, let's say that someone weighing 165 pounds is 5' 8\" tall.", "BMI result categories are:", "For more information and a convenient BMI calculator that uses pounds and inches, see the web site \"Calculate your BMI\" at http://nhlbisupport.com/bmi/Tomography means looking at slices of the body.", "CAT scanning uses x-rays to do this.", "It is helpful in calculating the ratio of fat within the abdomen compared to fat under the skin.", "The equipment is expensive.", "This x-ray technique divides the body into fat-free (lean) mass, bone mineral content, and fat.", "Different amounts of the x-ray energy are absorbed by different types of tissue.", "DEXA scans are very accurate but can be expensive due to the cost of the machine.", "DEXA scans are also used to measure bone density (see Fact Sheet 557.)", "This technique uses a magnetic field to create an image of the body.", "The image shows the location and amount of fat.", "This is very expensive due to the cost of the machine and reading the scans.", "This method determines body volume.", "First the person is weighed dry.", "Then they are immersed in water in a tank and weighed again.", "Bone and muscle are more dense than water, and fat is less dense than water.", "A person with more bone and muscle will weigh more in water than a person with less bone and muscle.", "The volume of the body is calculated and body density and body fat percentage are calculated.", "This technique may underestimate the body fat percentage of athletes, and overestimate body fat in elderly people.", "Body composition measurements can be helpful, over time, in tracking changes due to HIV or its treatments.", "The different techniques have pluses and minuses in terms of reliability, cost, and availability.", "If you are concerned about your body shape and composition, be sure to ask your health care provider to record baseline readings before you start treatment.", "This article was provided by AIDS InfoNet.", "Visit AIDS InfoNet's website to find out more about their activities and publications." ]

[ "Writing An Acceptable Use Policy For Your SchoolA helpful guide to creating an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for a school's use of services provided by the Internet.", "The author notes that an AUP is the most important document a school will create since it states the terms, conditions, and rules of Internet use determined by a school or district.", "Topics include: What is an AUP; Why Establish an AUP; Objectives of an AUP; Components; Distribution; Samples (web based); Resources (web based).", "Additional coverage is given to writing policy statements and consent forms, and maintaining copyrights, netiquette, privacy, and user responsibility.", "Books & Booklets; Internet ResourcesAdministration & LeadershipAdministrator, Teacher, Board Member / Trustee" ]

[ "How The Kumbh Mela Crowds Are CountedDate 2013/2/7 18:04:40 |", "Topic: Hindu Press InternationalALLAHABAD, INDIA, February 2, 2013 (India Real Time): The Kumbh Mela is frequently billed as the world's largest religious gathering.", "It is almost certainly true.", "But how can we know for sure?", "The two men with the challenge of counting up to an estimated 80 million people are divided on how to do it.", "They also come up with different numbers.", "They are Devesh Chaturvedi, the commissioner of Allahabad, and Alok Sharma, the inspector general of police in the city, which is hosting the Hindu festival.", "The Commissioner reckons the number of pilgrims passing through the Kumbh Mela site on the banks of the Ganga between Jan. 14 and March 10 will end up somewhere between 60 to 80 million.", "Both men use different techniques for counting but agree neither method is scientific or water tight.", "Mr. Sharma is more conservative and estimates the final total will be around 40 to 60 million.", "\"We use thumb rules,\" says Mr. Sharma.", "His team positions counters at the entry points to the Mela area, which leads to the bathing ghats (banks).", "They calculate the maximum crowd capacity of 100 meters of road based on the assumption that each pilgrim will take up 1.5 square feet of ground.", "Then they measure the speed of the crowd by timing how long it takes a police officer to move 600 meters with the throng.", "\"The pace of crowd keeps changing depending on the density,\" the Inspector General adds.", "Once they know how long it has taken the policeman to walk 600 meters they can work out how big a crowd has covered the same distance and how many people have passed.", "Vehicles arriving along the entry roads around Allahabad are counted manually and trains with up to 8,000 passengers each are also added to the total.", "Mr. Chaturvedi has a different approach to the enormous population count.", "From a series of watch towers across the 14 sectors of the Mela site head-counters try to keep a tab on the number of pilgrims below.", "\"It's not the most scientific way of doing it,\" Mr Chaturvedi says.", "\"But that is the only estimate available to us.\"", "This year for the first time the Mela is also being tracked using satellite imagery.", "\"Based on the color of the images they are going to tell what is the density of human beings,\" Mr. Chaturvedi says.", "Using calculations based on the average stay of pilgrims and photographs taken at different times of day, the Commissioner hopes it will provide a more accurate count.", "Mr. Chaturvedi says that the biggest crowd so far, on the first day of the festival, was 8 million while Mr. Sharma puts it at between 1.5 million and 1.8 million." ]

[ "Jupiter, in Roman mythology, the supreme god.", "Though principally a sky god in charge of all atmospheric conditions, he had many special functions.", "In his most important temple, on the Capitoline Hill, he was worshiped as god of the state and was called Optimus Maximus (The Best and Greatest).", "He directed the course of human affairs, and revealed future events by producing omens in the heavens.", "White, the color of the light of day, was sacred to Jupiter.", "His priests wore white robes, white animals were sacrificed to him, and white horses drew his chariot.", "Jupiter was identified with the Greek god Zeus, and many of the early stories about him correspond to those told of Zeus.", "Jupiter was the supreme Roman god." ]

[ "- Manual Testing- Test Management- Test Automation- Test Templates- Testing ResourcesTypes of Testing - Page 3 Contd..", "Adhoc testing is a commonly used term for software testing performed without planning and documentation.", "The tests are intended to be run only once, unless a defect is discovered.", "Exploratory testing is a method of manual testing that is described as simultaneous learning, design and execution.", "Testing which covers all combination's of input values and preconditions for an element of the software under test.", "A sanity test is a narrow regression test that focuses on one or a few areas of functionality.", "Sanity testing is usually narrow and deep.", "Testing few functions/parameters and checking all their main features.", "In which one can perform testing on an overall application (all features) initially to check whether the application is proper in terms of availability and Usability.", "Sanity testing is done by Test engineer.", "In software industry, smoke testing is a wide and shallow approach whereby all areas of the application are tested, without getting into too deep.", "Smoke testing originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch fire and smoke.", "When a build is received, a smoke test is run to ascertain if the build is stable and it can be considered for further testing.", "Smoke testing is done by Developer or White box engineers.", "Soak testing involves testing a system with a significant load extended over a significant period of time, to discover how the system behaves under sustained use.", "For example, in software testing, a system may behave exactly as expected when tested for 1 hour.", "However, when it is tested for 3 hours, problems such as memory leaks cause the system to fail or behave randomly." ]

[ "What we ship things in makes a difference.", "Take the banana, for example.", "In 1876, at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, the banana was a delicacy (and very black).", "Millions of bunches could only be sent to U.S. shores if they were refrigerated.", "By 1901, as I describe in Econ 101 1/2, United Fruit was distributing 14 million bunches of bananas in the U.S.", "One reason, in addition to the railroad and the steamboat, was a banana vessel that could maintain a 53 degree temperature for its cargo.", "Just like refrigerated banana vessels transformed world trade, so too has the cargo container.", "Introduced in 1956, now one ship can carry 3,000 forty foot containers with 100,000 tons of shoes, electronics and clothing.", "Imagine the potential efficiency.", "Put everything in the container, arrive at a port, and just slip it onto a truck or a railroad car for it to move to its next stop.", "Journalist Marc Levinson says the result is more variety for consumers, lower freight bills, less shipping time, lower inventory costs and longer supply chains.", "This takes us back to yesterday’s supership post and the expansion of the Panama Canal.", "Larger ships mean more containers on board.", "The NY Times said that the newest generation of superships could hold 15,000 containers that are 20 feet long.", "The Economic LessonAdam Smith would have been delighted to see his ideas about mass production and regional specialization extend around the world.", "Describing the productivity of factory pin production in The Wealth of Nations, he told us that one worker, functioning alone, could produce 1 pin per day.", "However, when that worker specialized through a division of labor in a factory, 4,800 pins per worker per day were made.", "Adam Smith used the term “distant sale” to explain the transport of goods from a factory to a distant market.", "He could have been describing a container ship moving from China to the U.S." ]

[ "The Virigina Tech Transportation Institute has released the results of studies it has performed on cell phone use and driver distraction.", "Though common sense dictates that talking or texting while driving is a bad idea, these studies help to put some real numbers around just how dangerous the practice is.", "The studies include observations of drivers for a total of more than 6 million miles of driving.", "The studies also differentiated light vehicles and heavy vehicles or trucks.", "When it came to simply dialing on a cell phone the risk of a crash or near crash was 2.8 times that of a non-distracted driver for light vehicles.", "The practice was even more dangerous for heavy vehicles or trucks since the risk was nearly twice as much at 5.9 times.", "There was also a big difference between light vehicles and heavy vehicles or trucks when it came to simply reaching for an object while driving.", "Light vehicle drivers’ risk of a crash was 1.4 times as high as non-distracted driving.", "Heavy vehicle or truck drivers’ risk rose to 6.7 times.", "One of the most dangerous risks was text messaging while driving a heavy vehicle or truck.", "Those engaging in that practice had a risk of crash that was 23.2 times as high as non-distracted driving.", "A summary of the findings of the studies was that any action that took the driver’s eyes away from the road would result in a higher risk of an accident.", "Read more from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute press release (PDF).", "Hmm, so let me get this straight.", "If something takes my eyes off the road while driving I am more likely to have an accident?", "Seriously, there are some people that actually don’t see the harm in talking or texting while driving.", "Heck, some truck drivers watch movies while driving.", "Clearly, these are the people that need to hear the results of studies like this.", "Unfortunately, some drivers find out the risks too late and end up hurting other people who actually are keeping their eyes on the road.", "The most stunning result of the studies was the fact that texting while driving a heavy vehicle or truck basically increased your chance of having an accident to about 1 in 4.", "That’s not very good odds when it comes to safe driving.", "It really makes you realize that there is no text message worth reading or responding to that would increase your risk of an accident like that." ]