FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
KAREN STROMBERG; SAMUEL No. 19-15159 ROECKER; THOMAS LAMMEL; MARY GALLOWAY; DANIELLE LAGRAVE; D.C. No. THOMAS MCMAHON; BOARDSPORTS 5:17-md-02773- SCHOOL LLC; PATRICK BENAD; LHK LINDSEY CARR; RENEE ACOSTA; PATRICIA BURNESS; CAROL HARRIS; ROBERT LINKS; NICHELLE LYONS; OPINION NUALA VIGNOLES; RACHEL L. MILLER; JOHN WILLIAM KIEFER III; MATTHEW MITCHELL; SUSAN GONZALEZ-PENDER; TERESE RUSSELL; SARAH KEY; DALIA ZATLIN; BETH CRANDALL; CLARISSA SIMON; KENDALL MARTIN; RODRIGO SAPLA; REBECCA DAVIS; THOMAS MCMANUS; KIMBERLY SCAVONE; MELISSA JU; CHRIS THOMPSON; MARTHA COUNTESS; KAREN HOOD; JAIME MARTIN; ADRIAN ESTEBAN; JEFFREY DAVIS; ERICSSON BROADBENT; PAUL SCOTT ERVIN; CARALYN TADA; NAGORE MILES; BETHANY RISING; JIYING SPENCER; DAYAN CRUTCHER; CATHERINE SCHMIDLIN; ALLISON TRIPP; LINDSAY SMITH; KATIE SMITH; KIRSTEN LUENZ; LAUREL VENER; STEPHEN JUDGE; SETH SALENGER; 2 STROMBERG V. QUALCOMM
SCOTT HANSEN; JOSEPH KOVACEVICH; MICHELLE REYNOLDS; GEORGE MARUT; JANET ACKERMAN; ALAN SCHLAIKJER; LORI LANDES; JOYCE GRANTZ; GABRIELLE KURDT; JOHN SOLAK; TODD ESPINOSA; ANDREW WESTLEY; LAURA HALLAHAN; MARY C. MCDEVITT; PADRAIC J. BRENNAN; JASON SCHWARTZ; SUZANNE BLOCK; KEVIN CALERO; CARLO ENDOZO CARINGAL; IAN CARSON; ANDRE CRUZ; LUCAS RANGEL FERREIRA; MASOOD JAVAHERIAN; DAVID KOPLOVITZ; BRIAN LETULLE; DEIRDRE MCELHANEY; CARMEN MINON; ERICA MINON; GABRIEL MINON; BETSY SANTIAGO; JAVIER SANTIAGO; PETER YEE; ALICIA HADNETT; DANIEL CARROLL; DEBRA GRASL; AMANDA NEWSOME; DAVID KREUZER; ARMANDO HERRERA; EDEN WAGNER; NEIL WAGNER; ALLAN ROTMAN; SHARI COLE; PHILLIP JAMES ZACHARIAS; MARY BETH CUMMINS; GUY SNOWDY; CYNTHIA BAMBINI; GRANT HAUSCHILD; DAVID FLOYD; KIM COUGHLIN; BRANDON FULLER; LISA PATNODE; NINA BARTOSHEVICH; LEONIDAS MIRAS; JAMES CLARK, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and STROMBERG V. QUALCOMM 3
JORDIE BORNSTEIN; CORDT BYRNE; ELLIOT CARTER; JEFF CIOTTI; DWIGHT DICKERSON; MATTHEW CHRISTIANSON; LOGAN GRIESEMER; RYAN HART; WILLIAM HORTON; STEVE KRUG; GAIL MARGOLIS; KATE MORTENSEN; ALYSSA NEE; CHRISTOPHER WHALEN; STEPHAN FARID WOZNIAK; CHRISTOPHER ZAYAS-BAZAN; DAVID CARNEY; JULIE EWALD; TOM PARKIN; BRIAN DEPPERSCHMIDT; BRANDON STEELE; KYLE WEBER; CRAIG HOUSENICK; RYAN MARGULIS; RICHARD RIZZO; GUY DIETRICH; JEFFREY M. KURZON; SUSAN NAGY; NICOLAS YOUSIF; SCOTT FREDERICK; CHARLES POON; ANDREA HOGAN; TINA HEIM; MONICA MORROW; MARK CARDILLO; ALLISON SHIPP; MICHELLE MACKAY; COLLEEN SPARKE; JANET SILVERNESS; MELANIE BARCLAY; TIFFANY RINGO; HALLIE LINGO; CRYSTAL HOHENTHANER; DANIEL K. BRENDTRO; DANIEL DELIER; PAUL NELSON; CATHERINE KADERAVEK; KAREN CARLET; DAVID WARING; LEON THEODORE LIPKA III, Plaintiffs,
v. 4 STROMBERG V. QUALCOMM
QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Lucy H. Koh, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted December 2, 2019 Submission Withdrawn March 3, 2020 Resubmitted September 21, 2021 San Francisco, California
Filed September 29, 2021
Before: Eugene E. Siler *, Jay S. Bybee, and Ryan D. Nelson, Circuit Judges.
Opinion by Judge R. Nelson
* The Honorable Eugene E. Siler Jr., Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation. STROMBERG V. QUALCOMM 5
SUMMARY **
Antitrust / Class Certification
The panel vacated the district court's order certifying a nationwide indirect purchaser class in an antitrust multi- district litigation seeking injunctive and monetary relief under §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act and California law against Qualcomm Incorporated, and remanded