.
BOTH RAW PENICILLIN AND 6-APA ARE MARKETED WORLDWIDE . TRANSPORT COSTS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT .
THROUGH ITS PLANT EXPANSION GIST-BROCADES HAS BECOME ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST RAW PENICILLIN MANUFACTURERS ( ABOUT 16 % OF WORLD PRODUCTION ) , BUT PFIZER AND BEECHAM EACH ALSO MANUFACTURE ON A SIMILAR SCALE . PFIZER HAS A WORLD MARKET SHARE OF ABOUT 13 % , WHILE BEECHAM'S SHARE WILL REACH ABOUT 12 % UPON COMPLETION OF THE PROJECTED EXPANSION OF ITS RAW PENICILLIN PLANT . OTHER MAJOR PRODUCERS MANUFACTURING BOTH FOR THEIR OWN USE AND FOR SALE , ARE GLAXO , BRISTOL , WYETH , RHONE-POULENC AND HOECHST .
FOLLOWING THE EXTENSION OF BAYER'S 6-APA CAPACITY , BAYER AND GIST-BROCADES HAVE JOINED BEECHAM AND BRISTOL ( USA ) AS THE WORLD'S LEADING MANUFACTURERS . THE QUANTITIES WHICH BAYER PROCESSES FOR GIST-BROCADES AND MANUFACTURES FOR ITS OWN USE ACCOUNT FOR AN ESTIMATED 15 % OF THE MARKET . THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPETITORS ARE BEECHAM WITH 20 % AND BRISTOL WITH 12 * 5 % . ITALIAN FIRMS ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT 15 % . THE RECENT COMMENCEMENT OF 6-APA MANUFACTURE BY THE NEW BEECHAM , ASTRA AND ISHIMARU PROCESSES IS NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT HERE .
FOR BOTH RAW PENICILLIN AND 6-APA THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF PRODUCTION IS CLEARLY LOCATED WITHIN THE COMMON MARKET COUNTRIES : ABOUT 60 % OF THE WORLDWIDE OUTPUT IS MANUFACTURED THERE , WHEREAS THE QUANTITY OF PROCESSED END-PRODUCTS ACTUALLY CONSUMED IN THESE COUNTRIES IS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER , AMOUNTING TO ABOUT 25 TO 30 % OF WORLDWIDE CONSUMPTION . HOWEVER , PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION LEVELS IN THE EASTERN BLOC COUNTRIES HAVE NOT BEEN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT , DUE TO THE LACK OF RELIABLE STATISTICS .
ON THE MARKET FOR PENICILLINS AND THE RELATED SUBSTANCE CEPHALOSPORIN , WHICH IS ALSO PARTLY BASED ON RAW PENICILLIN , SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLIN SPECIALITIES ACCOUNT FOR 48 % , CEPHALOSPORIN FOR 32 % AND THE TRADITIONAL PENICILLINS G AND V FOR SOME 20 % .
BAYER HAS A LEADING POSITION ON THE GERMAN MARKET FOR SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLIN SPECIALITIES BUT IS LESS IMPORTANT ELSEWHERE IN THE COMMUNITY . THE MAIN SUPPLIERS IN THE OTHER MEMBER STATES ARE RHONE-POULENC IN FRANCE , FARMITALIA IN ITALY , BEECHAM AND GLAXO IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND , ASTRA IN DENMARK , AND BRISTOL , BEECHAM , RIT AND MYCOFARM ( GIST-BROCADES ) IN THE BENELUX COUNTRIES .
GIST-BROCADES' PATENTS FOR INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS GIVE IT A POSITION OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN THE CEPHALOSPORIN MARKET . ITS CHIEF COMPETITORS ARE GLAXO , LILLY AND CIBA-GEIGY ; BAYER IS NOT INVOLVED IN THIS MARKET .
THE MAIN PENICILLIN V SUPPLIERS ARE BRISTOL , LILLY , THE DANISH FIRM NOVO AND THE AUSTRIAN FIRM BIOCHEMIE OF THE SANDOZ GROUP .
6 . THE AVERAGE PRICES FOR RAW PENICILLIN AND 6-APA APPEAR TO BE FALLING , AS CAN BE SEEN FROM A COMPARISON OF THE 1970 AND 1974 FIGURES . THE WHOLESALE PRICES FOR AMPICILLIN PREPARATIONS , THE MOST WIDELY SOLD SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLIN SPECIALITY