Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf
Page Number: 163

Cite as:  590 U. S. ____ (2020) 

19 

KAVANAUGH, J., dissenting 

both.    Almost  every  state  statute  or  executive  order  pro-
scribing  sexual  orientation  discrimination  expressly  pro-
hibits  sexual  orientation  discrimination  separately  from 
the State’s ban on sex discrimination. 

—————— 
54–79 (1979) (prohibiting public-employment discrimination because of 
“sexual preference”); Colo. Exec. Order (Dec. 10, 1990) (prohibiting pub-
lic-employment  discrimination  because  of  “gender,  sexual  orientation,” 
etc.); Del. Exec. Order No. 8 (2009) (prohibiting public-employment dis-
crimination because of “gender, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Ind. Gover-
nor’s Pol’y Statement (2018) (prohibiting public-employment discrimina-
tion because of “sex, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Kan. Exec. Order No. 
19–02 (2019) (prohibiting public-employment discrimination because of 
“gender, sexual orientation,” etc.); Ky. Exec. Order No. 2008–473 (2008) 
(prohibiting public-employment discrimination because of “sex, . . . sex-
ual orientation,” etc.); Mass. Exec. Order No. 526 (2011) (prohibiting pub-
lic-employment  discrimination  because  of  “gender,  . . .  sexual  orienta-
tion,”  etc.);  Minn.  Exec.  Order  No.  86–14  (1986)  (prohibiting  public-
employment  discrimination  because  of  “sexual  orientation”);  Mo.  Exec. 
Order No. 10–24 (2010) (prohibiting public-employment discrimination 
because of “sex, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Mont. Exec. Order No. 04–
2016  (2016)  (prohibiting  public-employment  discrimination  because  of 
“sex, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); N. H. Exec. Order No. 2016–04 (2016) 
(prohibiting  public-employment  discrimination  because  of  “sex,  sexual 
orientation,”  etc.);  N. J.  Exec.  Order  No.  39  (1991)  (prohibiting  public-
employment discrimination because of “sexual orientation”); N. C. Exec. 
Order No. 24 (2017) (prohibiting public-employment discrimination be-
cause of “sex, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Ohio Exec. Order No. 2019–
05D  (2019)  (prohibiting  public-employment  discrimination  because  of 
“gender, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Ore. Exec. Order No. 19–08 (2019) 
(prohibiting public-employment discrimination because of “sexual orien-
tation”); Pa. Exec. Order No. 2016–04 (2016) (prohibiting public-employ-
ment discrimination because of “gender, sexual orientation,” etc.); R. I. 
Exec. Order No. 93–1 (1993) (prohibiting public-employment discrimina-
tion because of “sex, . . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Va. Exec. Order No. 1 
(2018)  (prohibiting  public-employment  discrimination  because  of  “sex, 
. . . sexual orientation,” etc.); Wis. Exec. Order No. 1 (2019) (prohibiting 
public-employment  discrimination  because  of  “sex,  . . .  sexual  orienta-
tion,”  etc.);  cf.  Wis.  Stat.  §§111.36(1)(d)(1),  111.321  (2016)  (prohibiting 
employment discrimination because of sex, defined as including discrim-
ination because of “sexual orientation”); Mich. Exec. Directive No. 2019–
9 (2019) (prohibiting public-employment discrimination because of “sex,” 
defined as including “sexual orientation”).