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2 

ANDY WARHOL FOUNDATION FOR VISUAL ARTS, INC. 
v. GOLDSMITH 
Opinion of the Court 

that the use of her photo be for “one time” only.  1 App. 85.
The  artist  Vanity  Fair  hired  was  Andy  Warhol.  Warhol 
made a silkscreen using Goldsmith’s photo, and Vanity Fair
published  the  resulting  image  alongside  an  article  about 
Prince.  The  magazine  credited  Goldsmith  for  the  “source
photograph,” and it paid her $400.  2 id., at 323, 325–326. 

Warhol, however, did not stop there.  From Goldsmith’s 
photograph,  he  derived  15  additional  works.  Later,  the 
Andy  Warhol  Foundation  for  the  Visual  Arts,  Inc.  (AWF) 
licensed  one  of  those  works  to  Condé  Nast,  again  for  the
purpose of illustrating a magazine story about Prince.  AWF 
came away with $10,000.  Goldsmith received nothing.

When Goldsmith informed AWF that she believed its use 
of her photograph infringed her copyright, AWF sued her.
The District Court granted summary judgment for AWF on 
its assertion of “fair use,” 17 U. S. C. §107, but the Court of 
Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed.  In this Court, the 
sole question presented is whether the first fair use factor, 
“the  purpose  and  character  of  the  use,  including  whether 
such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit edu-
cational purposes,” §107(1), weighs in favor of AWF’s recent
commercial licensing to Condé Nast.  On that narrow issue, 
and limited to the challenged use, the Court agrees with the 
Second Circuit: The first factor favors Goldsmith, not AWF. 

I 
Lynn Goldsmith is a professional photographer.  Her spe-
cialty is concert and portrait photography of musicians.  At 
age 16, Goldsmith got one of her first shots: an image of the 
Beatles’  “trendy  boots”  before  the  band  performed  live  on 
The  Ed  Sullivan  Show.  S.  Michel,  Rock  Portraits,  N. Y. 
Times,  Dec.  2,  2007,  p.  G64.  Within  10  years,  Goldsmith
had  photographed  everyone  from  Led  Zeppelin  to  James
Brown (the latter in concert in Kinshasa, no less).  At that 
time, Goldsmith “had few female peers.”  Ibid.  But she was