Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/22-1008_1b82.pdf
Page Number: 9

4 

CORNER POST, INC. v. BOARD OF GOVERNORS, FRS 

Opinion of the Court 

2020).  By contrast, the Sixth Circuit has stated a generally 
applicable  rule  that  §2401(a)’s  limitations  period  begins
when the plaintiff is injured by agency action, even if that 
injury did not occur until many years after the action be-
came  final.  Herr  v.  United States  Forest  Serv.,  803  F. 3d 
809, 820–822 (2015) (“When a party first becomes aggrieved 
by a regulation that exceeds an agency’s statutory authority 
more than six years after the regulation was promulgated,
that party may challenge the regulation without waiting for
enforcement proceedings” (emphasis deleted)).  We granted 
certiorari to resolve the split.  600 U. S. ___ (2023). 

II 
Three statutory provisions control our analysis: 5 U. S. C.
§702 and §704, the relevant APA provisions, and 28 U. S. C. 
§2401(a), the relevant statute of limitations.  The APA pro-
visions grant Corner Post a cause of action subject to cer-
tain conditions, and §2401(a) sets the window within which
Corner Post can assert its claim. 

Section 702 authorizes persons injured by agency action
to obtain judicial review by suing the United States or one
of its agencies, officers, or employees.  See Abbott Laborato-
ries v. Gardner, 387 U. S. 136, 140–141 (1967).  It provides
that “[a] person suffering legal wrong because of agency ac-
tion,  or  adversely  affected  or  aggrieved  by  agency  action
within the meaning of a relevant statute, is entitled to judi-
cial  review  thereof.”  5  U. S. C.  §702.    We  have  explained 
that §702 “requir[es] a litigant to show, at the outset of the 
case, that he is injured in fact by agency action.”  Director, 
Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs v. Newport News 
Shipbuilding  &  Dry  Dock  Co.,  514  U. S.  122,  127  (1995).
Thus, a litigant cannot bring an APA claim unless and until
she suffers an injury.1 

—————— 

1 The  dissent  asserts  that  §702  “restricts  who  may  challenge  agency