Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/17pdf/17-965_h315.pdf
Page Number: 16

Cite as:  585 U. S. ____ (2018) 

11 

Opinion of the Court 

the national interest); whose entry to suspend (“all aliens
or any class of aliens”); for how long (“for such period as he
shall  deem  necessary”);  and  on  what  conditions  (“any 
restrictions he may deem to be appropriate”).  It is there-
fore  unsurprising  that  we  have  previously  observed  that
§1182(f ) vests the President with “ample power” to impose 
entry  restrictions  in  addition  to  those  elsewhere  enumer-
ated  in  the  INA.  Sale,  509  U. S.,  at  187  (finding  it  “per-
fectly  clear”  that  the  President  could  “establish  a  naval 
blockade”  to  prevent  illegal  migrants  from  entering  the
United  States);  see  also  Abourezk  v.  Reagan,  785  F. 2d 
1043,  1049,  n.  2  (CADC  1986)  (describing  the  “sweeping
proclamation power” in §1182(f ) as enabling the President 
to  supplement  the  other  grounds  of  inadmissibility  in  the
INA).

The  Proclamation  falls  well  within  this  comprehensive
delegation.    The  sole  prerequisite  set  forth  in  §1182(f )  is
that  the  President  “find[ ]”  that  the  entry  of  the  covered 
aliens “would be detrimental to the interests of the United 
States.”  The  President  has  undoubtedly  fulfilled  that
requirement here.  He first ordered DHS and other agen-
cies to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of every single
country’s  compliance  with  the  information  and  risk  as-
sessment baseline.  The President then issued a Proclama-
tion  setting  forth  extensive  findings  describing  how  defi-
ciencies  in  the  practices  of  select  foreign  governments—
several  of  which  are  state  sponsors  of  terrorism—deprive
the  Government  of  “sufficient  information  to  assess  the 
risks  [those  countries’  nationals]  pose  to  the  United
States.”  Proclamation §1(h)(i).  Based on that review, the 
President  found  that  it  was  in  the  national  interest  to 
restrict  entry  of  aliens  who  could  not  be  vetted  with
adequate  information—both  to  protect  national  security 
and  public  safety,  and  to  induce  improvement  by  their
home countries.  The Proclamation therefore “craft[ed] . . . 
country-specific  restrictions  that  would  be  most  likely  to