Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/boundvolumes/529bv.pdf
Page Number: 707

529US3

Unit: $U54

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632

UNITED STATES v. MORRISON

Souter, J., dissenting

545, at 30 (citing Bureau of Justice Statistics, Criminal
Victimization in the United States (1974) (Table 5)).

“[B]attering ‘is the single largest cause of injury to
women in the United States.’ ” S. Rep. No. 101–545,
at 37 (quoting Van Hightower & McManus, Limits of
State Constitutional Guarantees: Lessons from Efforts
to Implement Domestic Violence Policies, 49 Pub.
Admin. Rev. 269 (May/June 1989).

“An estimated 4 million American women are bat-
tered each year by their husbands or partners.” H. R.
Rep. No. 103–395, at 26 (citing Council on Scientiﬁc
Affairs, American Medical Assn., Violence Against
Women: Relevance for Medical Practitioners, 267 JAMA
3184, 3185 (1992).

“Over 1 million women in the United States seek med-
ical assistance each year for injuries sustained [from]
their husbands or other partners.” S. Rep. No. 101–
545, at 37 (citing Stark & Flitcraft, Medical Therapy as
Repression: The Case of the Battered Woman, Health
& Medicine (Summer/Fall 1982).

“Between 2,000 and 4,000 women die every year from
[domestic] abuse.” S. Rep. No. 101–545, at 36 (citing
Schneider, supra).

“[A]rrest rates may be as low as 1 for every 100
domestic assaults.” S. Rep. No. 101–545, at 38 (citing
Dutton, Proﬁling of Wife Assaulters: Preliminary Evi-
dence for Trimodal Analysis, 3 Violence and Victims
5–30 (1988)).

“Partial estimates show that violent crime against
women costs this country at least 3 billion—not million,
but billion—dollars a year.” S. Rep. No. 101–545, at 33
(citing Schneider, supra, at 4).

“[E]stimates suggest that we spend $5 to $10 billion
a year on health care, criminal justice, and other social
costs of domestic violence.” S. Rep. No. 103–138, at