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4  NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA v. VULLO 

Opinion of the Court 

the availability of firearms, including specifically by weak-
ening the NRA.”  Id., at 221, ¶67.  She also “discussed an 
array of technical regulatory infractions plaguing the affinity-
insurance marketplace” in New York.  Id., at 199, ¶21.  Vullo 
told the Lloyd’s executives “that DFS was less interested in
pursuing  the[se]  infractions”  unrelated  to  any  NRA  busi-
ness “so long as Lloyd’s ceased providing insurance to gun 
groups, especially the NRA.”  Id., at 199–200, ¶21; accord, 
id., at 223, ¶69 (alleging that Vullo made it clear to Lloyd’s 
that it “could avoid liability for infractions relating to other, 
similarly  situated  insurance  policies,  so  long  as  it  aided 
DFS’s campaign against gun groups”).1  Vullo and Lloyd’s
struck a deal: Lloyd’s “would instruct its syndicates to cease 
underwriting firearm-related policies and would scale back 
its NRA-related business,” and “in exchange, DFS would fo-
cus  its  forthcoming  affinity-insurance  enforcement  action
solely  on  those  syndicates  which  served  the  NRA,  and  ig-
nore other syndicates writing similar policies.”  Ibid., ¶69.
On  April  19,  2018,  Vullo  issued  two  virtually  identical
guidance letters on DFS letterhead entitled, “Guidance on
Risk  Management  Relating  to  the  NRA  and  Similar  Gun
Promotion Organizations.”  Id., at 246–251 (Guidance Let-
ters).  Vullo sent one of the letters to insurance companies
and the other to financial services institutions.  In the let-
ters, Vullo pointed to the “social backlash” against the NRA
and other groups “that promote guns that lead to senseless
violence”  following  “several  recent  horrific  shootings,  in-
cluding in Parkland, Florida.”  Id., at 246, 249.  Vullo then 
cited recent instances of businesses severing their ties with
the NRA as examples of companies “fulfilling their corpo-
rate social responsibility.”  Id., at 247, 250. 

—————— 

1 According to the complaint, other affinity organizations offered simi-
lar insurance policies, including the New York State Bar Association, the 
New York City Bar, and the New York State Psychological Association, 
among others.  See App. to Pet. for Cert. 207–208, Complaint ¶36.