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Page Number: 7

4 

HUSTED v. A. PHILIP RANDOLPH INSTITUTE 

Opinion of the Court 

may  be  sent.  Accordingly,  States  take  a  variety  of  ap-
proaches.    See  Nat.  Assn.  of  Secretaries  of  State  (NASS) 
Report: Maintenance of State Voter Registration Lists 5–6 
(Dec. 2017).  The NVRA itself sets out one option.  A State 
may  send  these  cards  to  those  who  have  submitted 
“change-of-address  information”  to  the  United  States 
Postal Service.  §20507(c)(1).  Thirty-six States do at least 
that.    See  NASS  Report,  supra,  at  5,  and  n. v  (listing 
States).    Other  States  send  notices  to  every  registered 
voter  at  specified  intervals  (say,  once  a  year).    See,  e.g., 
Iowa  Code  §48A.28.3  (2012);  S. C.  Code  Ann.  §§7–5–
330(F), 7–5–340(2)–(3) (2017 Cum. Supp.); see also S. Rep. 
No. 103–6, p. 46 (1993).  Still other States, including Ohio, 
take  an  intermediate  approach,  see  NASS  Report,  supra, 
at  5–6,  such  as  sending  notices to  those  who  have  turned 
in  their  driver’s  licenses,  e.g.,  Ind.  Code  §§3–7–38.2–
2(b)(2), (c)(4) (2004), or sending notices to those who have 
not voted for some period of time, see, e.g., Ga. Code Ann. 
§21–2–234 
(Supp.  2017);  Ohio  Rev.  Code  Ann. 
§3503.21(B)(2);  Okla.  Admin.  Code  §230:15–11–19(a)(3) 
(2016);  Pa. Stat.  Ann., Tit.  25,  §1901(b)(3) (Purdon  2007); 
Wis. Stat. Ann. §6.50(1) (2017 West Cum. Supp.). 
  When  a  State  receives  a  return  card  confirming  that  a 
registrant has left the district, the State must remove the 
voter’s name from the rolls.  §§20507(d)(1)(A), (3).  And if 
the  State  receives  a  card  stating  that  the  registrant  has 
not moved, the registrant’s name must be kept on the list.  
See §20507(d)(2)(A). 
  What  if  no  return  card  is  mailed  back?    Congress  obvi-
ously  anticipated  that  some  voters  who  received  cards 
would fail to return them for any number of reasons, and 
it  addressed  this  contingency  in  §20507(d),  which,  for 
convenience, we will simply call “subsection (d).”  Subsec-
tion  (d)  treats  the  failure  to  return  a  card  as  some  evi-
dence—but  by  no  means  conclusive  proof—that  the  voter 
has  moved.    Instead,  the  voter’s  name  is  kept  on  the  list