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8 

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL v. 
MORRISSEY-BERRU 
Opinion of the Court 

164, with id., at 320–329.  The agreement set out the same
religious mission; required teachers to serve that mission;
imposed commitments regarding religious instruction, wor-
ship, and personal modeling of the faith; and explained that 
teachers’ performance would be reviewed on those bases.

Biel’s  agreement  also  required  compliance  with  the  St.
James faculty handbook, which resembles the OLG hand-
book.  Id., at 322.  Compare ER 641–ER 651 (OLG) with ER 
565–ER 597 (St. James).  The St. James handbook defines 
“religious  development”  as  the  school’s  first  goal  and  pro-
vides  that  teachers  must  “mode[l]  the  faith  life,”  “exem-
plif[y] the teachings of Jesus Christ,” “integrat[e] Catholic
thought  and  principles 
into  secular  subjects,”  and 
Id.,  at 
“prepar[e]  students  to  receive  the  sacraments.” 
ER  570–ER  572.  The  school  principal  confirmed  these 
expectations.8 

Like Morrissey-Berru, Biel instructed her students in the 
tenets of Catholicism.  She was required to teach religion
for  200  minutes  each  week,  App.  257–258,  and  adminis-
tered  a  test  on  religion  every  week,  id.,  at  256–257.    She 
used a religion textbook selected by the school’s principal, a
Catholic nun.  Id., at 255; ER 37 (St. James).  The religious
curriculum covered “the norms and doctrines of the Catho-
lic  Faith,  including  . . .  the  sacraments  of  the  Catholic 
Church, social teachings according to the Catholic Church, 
morality, the history of Catholic saints, [and] Catholic pray-
ers.”  App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 19–348, p. 83a.

Biel worshipped with her students.  At St. James, teach-
ers are responsible for “prepar[ing] their students to be ac-
tive  participants  at  Mass,  with  particular  emphasis  on
Mass  responses,”  ER  587,  and  Biel  taught  her  students 
about  “Catholic  practices  like  the  Eucharist  and  confes-
sion,”  id.,  at  ER  226–ER  227.    At  monthly  Masses,  she 
prayed with her students.  App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 19– 

—————— 

8 Record in No. 2:15–CV–04248 (CD Cal.), Doc. 67–1, ¶¶4–7.