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Page Number: 4

Cite as:  570 U. S. ____ (2013) 

1 

Opinion of the Court 

NOTICE:  This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the
preliminary  print  of  the  United  States  Reports.  Readers  are  requested  to
notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash-
ington,  D. C.  20543,  of  any  typographical  or  other  formal  errors,  in  order
that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press. 

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 

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No. 12–10 
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AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT,
 
ET AL., PETITIONERS v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN
 
SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL. 

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF 

APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
 

[June 20, 2013] 

CHIEF  JUSTICE  ROBERTS  delivered  the  opinion  of  the

Court. 

The  United  States  Leadership  Against  HIV/AIDS,  Tu-
berculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (Leadership Act), 117
Stat. 711, as amended, 22 U. S. C. §7601 et seq., outlined a 
comprehensive strategy to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS 
around  the  world.  As  part  of  that  strategy,  Congress 
authorized  the  appropriation  of  billions  of  dollars  to  fund
efforts  by  nongovernmental  organizations  to  assist  in  the
fight.  The  Act  imposes  two  related  conditions  on  that
funding: First, no funds made available by the Act “may be
used to promote or advocate the legalization or practice of
prostitution or sex trafficking.”  §7631(e).  And second, no 
funds may be used by an organization “that does not have 
a  policy  explicitly  opposing  prostitution  and  sex  traffick-
ing.”  §7631(f).  This  case  concerns  the  second  of  these 
conditions,  referred  to  as  the  Policy  Requirement.    The 
question  is  whether  that  funding  condition  violates  a
recipient’s First Amendment rights.