Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/22-899_97be.pdf
Page Number: 31

Cite as:  602 U. S. ____ (2024) 

3 

GORSUCH, J., concurring in part 

to find some foothold in text and historical practice for re-
solving these questions, how can judges answer them with-
out resort to their own notions of what would be best? 

Some time ago, Chief Justice Marshall charged the judi-
ciary  with  “be[ing]  watchful  of  every  inroad”  on  the  ac-
cused’s  right  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against
him.  United States v. Burr, 25 F. Cas. 187, 193 (No. 14,694) 
(CC  Va.  1807).    With  that  cautionary  note  in  mind,  I  re-
spectfully concur in all but Part III of the Court’s opinion.