Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/20pdf/20-297_4g25.pdf
Page Number: 19.0

Cite as:  594 U. S. ____ (2021) 

15 

Opinion of the Court 

III 
We now apply those fundamental standing principles to 
this lawsuit.  We must determine whether the 8,185 class 
members have standing to sue TransUnion for its alleged
violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act.  The plaintiffs
argue that TransUnion failed to comply with statutory ob-
ligations  (i)  to  follow  reasonable  procedures  to  ensure  the
accuracy of credit files so that  the files would not include 
OFAC alerts labeling the plaintiffs as potential terrorists; 
and (ii) to provide a consumer, upon request, with his or her 
complete credit file, including a summary of rights.

Some preliminaries: As the party invoking federal juris-
diction, the plaintiffs bear the burden of demonstrating that
they have standing.  See Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 
U. S. 555, 561 (1992).  Every class member must have Arti-
cle  III  standing  in  order  to  recover  individual  damages. 
“Article III does not give federal courts the power to order 
relief to any uninjured plaintiff, class action or not.”  Tyson 
Foods,  Inc.  v.  Bouaphakeo,  577  U. S.  442,  466  (2016) 
(ROBERTS,  C. J.,  concurring).4   Plaintiffs  must  maintain 
their personal interest in the dispute at all stages of litiga-
tion.  Davis v. Federal Election Comm’n, 554 U. S. 724, 733 
(2008).  A  plaintiff  must  demonstrate  standing  “with  the 
manner and degree of evidence required at the successive
stages of the litigation.”  Lujan, 504 U. S., at 561.  There-
fore,  in  a  case  like  this  that  proceeds  to  trial,  the  specific
facts set forth by the plaintiff to support standing “must be
supported  adequately  by  the  evidence  adduced  at  trial.” 
Ibid.  (internal quotation marks omitted).  And standing is
not dispensed in gross; rather, plaintiffs must demonstrate
standing for each claim that they press and for each form of 

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4 We  do  not  here  address  the  distinct  question  whether  every  class 
member must demonstrate standing before a court certifies a class.  See, 
e.g., Cordoba v. DIRECTV, LLC, 942 F. 3d 1259, 1277 (CA11 2019).