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2 

MOORE v. HARPER 

Opinion of the Court 

islatures with authority to set rules governing federal elec-
tions free from restrictions imposed under state law. 

I 
The  Elections  Clause  provides:  “The  Times,  Places  and
Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representa-
tives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or 
alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing
Senators.”  Ibid.  The Clause “imposes” on state legislatures 
the  “duty”  to  prescribe  rules  governing  federal  elections. 
Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc., 570 U. S. 1, 8 
(2013).  It also guards “against the possibility that a State
would refuse to provide for the election of representatives” 
by authorizing Congress to prescribe its own rules.  Ibid. 

A 

The 2020 decennial census showed that North Carolina’s 
population had increased by nearly one million people, en-
titling the State to an additional seat in its federal congres-
sional delegation.  U. S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census Ap-
portionment  Results  (2021)  (Table  A).  Following  those
results,  North  Carolina’s  General  Assembly  set  out  to  re-
draw  the  State’s  congressional  districts.    North  Carolina 
League of Conservation Voters, Inc. v. Representative Destin 
Hall, 21 CVS 015426 etc. (Super. Ct. Wake Cty., N. C., Dec.
3,  2021),  App.  to  Pet.  for  Cert.  260a–261a,  rev’d  and  re-
manded  on  other  grounds,  Harper  v.  Hall,  380  N. C.  317, 
868 S. E. 2d 499 (2022) (Harper I ).  The General Assembly
also drafted new maps for the State’s legislative districts,
including  the  State  House  and  the  State  Senate.    Id.,  at 
328–329, 868 S. E. 2d, at 513.  In November 2021, the As-
sembly  enacted  three  new  maps,  each  passed  along  party
lines.  Id., at 329, 868 S. E. 2d, at 513; see N. C. Gen. Stat. 
Ann. §120–1 (2021) (State Senate); §120–2 (State House);
§163–201 (U. S. House of Representatives).