Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/19pdf/18-5924_n6io.pdf
Page Number: 61.0

Cite as:  590 U. S. ____ (2020) 

9 

THOMAS, J., concurring in judgment 

Sixth Amendment right to a trial by jury in this case.2  The 
evidence that I have recounted is enough to establish that 
our  previous  interpretations  of  the  Sixth  Amendment  are
not demonstrably erroneous.  What is necessary, however, 
is a clear understanding of the means by which the Sixth
Amendment  right  applies  against  the  States.    We  should 
rely  on  the  Privileges  or  Immunities  Clause,  not  the  Due 
Process  Clause  or  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  in  some 
vague sense.  Accordingly, I concur only in the judgment. 

—————— 

2 Similarly, I express no view on how fundamental the right to unanim-
ity is, what other attributes of a criminal jury are protected by the Priv-
ileges or Immunities Clause, what rights are protected in misdemeanor 
cases, or what rights are protected in civil trials.