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Page Number: 14.0

10 

VEGA v. TEKOH 

Opinion of the Court 

It is hard to see how these decisions could stand if a vio-
lation  of  Miranda  constituted  a  violation  of  the  Fifth 
Amendment. 

D 

While  these  decisions  imposed  limits  on  Miranda’s 
prophylactic rules, other decisions found that the balance of 
interests called for expansion.  In Doyle v. Ohio, 426 U. S. 
610, 617–619 (1976), the Court held that silence following a 
Miranda  warning  cannot  be  used  to  impeach.   The  Court 
acknowledged  that  Miranda  warnings  are  “prophylactic,” 
426 U. S., at 617, and it recognized the prosecution’s need 
to  test  a  defendant’s  exculpatory  story  through  cross-
examination,  id.,  at  616–618.  But  it  found  that  allowing
the use of post-warning silence would undermine the warn-
ings’ implicit promise that silence would not be used to con-
vict.  Id., at 618. 
  Similarly, in Roberson, 486 U. S., at 682, the Court held 
that a suspect’s post-warning request for counsel with re-
spect  to  one  offense  barred  later  interrogation  without
counsel  regarding  a  different  offense.  Describing  the  Mi-
randa rules as “prophylactic protections,” 486 U. S., at 681, 
the Court concluded that both law enforcement and crimi-
nal defendants would benefit from a bright-line, id., at 681– 
682. 
  Finally, in Withrow v. Williams, 507 U. S. 680, the Court 
rejected an attempt to restrict Miranda’s application in col-
lateral proceedings based on the reasoning in Stone v. Pow-
ell, 428 U. S. 465 (1976).  In Stone, the Court had held that 
a defendant who has had a full and fair opportunity to seek 
suppression of evidence allegedly seized in violation of the
Fourth Amendment may not obtain federal habeas relief on 
that ground, id., at 494–495, and in Withrow, a state prison 
warden argued that a similar rule should apply to a habeas 
petitioner who had been given an opportunity to litigate a 
Miranda  claim  at  trial,  see  507  U. S.,  at  688–690.    Once