Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/22-277_d18f.pdf
Page Number: 87

Cite as:  603 U. S. ____ (2024) 

25 

ALITO, J., concurring in judgment 

through  private  inboxes;  post  written  messages,  photos,
and videos; and comment on, repost, or otherwise interact
with  other  users’  posts.  And  NetChoice  acknowledges  in
fairly  general  terms  that  its  members  engage  in  most— 
though  not  all—of  these  functions.  But  such  generalities 
are insufficient. 

For one thing, the ways in which users post, send direct
messages, or interact with content may differ in meaningful
ways from platform to platform.  And NetChoice’s failure to 
account for these differences may be decisive.  To see how, 
consider  X  and  Yelp.  Both  platforms  allow  users  to  post 
comments and photos, but they differ in other respects.31  X 
permits users to post (or “Tweet”) on a broad range of topics
because its “purpose is to serve the public conversation,”32 
and as a result, many elected officials use X to communicate
with  constituents.  Yelp,  by  contrast,  allows users  to  post 
comments and pictures only for the purpose of advertising
local businesses or providing “firsthand accounts” that re-
flect their “consumer experience” with businesses.33  It does 
not permit “rants about political ideologies, a business’s em-
ployment practices, extraordinary circumstances, or other
matters that don’t address the core of the consumer experi-
ence.”34 

As this example shows, X’s content is more political than 
Yelp’s,  and  Yelp’s  content  is  more  commercial  than  X’s.
That  difference  may  be  significant  for  First  Amendment 
purposes.  See  Pittsburgh  Press,  413  U. S.  376.    But 
NetChoice has not developed the record on that front.  Nor 

—————— 

31 Yelp and X are both covered by S. B. 7072 and H. B. 20.  See Brief 

for Yelp Inc. as Amicus Curiae 4, n. 4. 

32 The X Rules, X, https://help.x.com/en/rules-and-policies/x-rules (last 

accessed Apr. 23, 2024). 

33 Content Guidelines, Yelp, https://www.yelp.com/guidelines (last ac-

cessed Apr. 23, 2024). 

34 Ibid.