Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/22-859new_kjfm.pdf
Page Number: 12

Cite as:  603 U. S. ____ (2024) 

7 

Opinion of the Court 

any of the distinctive areas involving governmental prerog-
atives where the Court has concluded that a matter may be
resolved outside of an Article III court, without a jury.  The 
Seventh  Amendment  therefore  applies  and  a  jury  is  re-
quired.  Since the answer to the jury trial question resolves 
this case, we do not reach the nondelegation or removal is-
sues. 

A 
We first explain why this action implicates the Seventh

Amendment. 

1 
The right to trial by jury is “of such importance and occu-
pies so firm a place in our history and jurisprudence that
any seeming curtailment of the right” has always been and
“should  be  scrutinized  with  the  utmost  care.”    Dimick  v. 
Schiedt,  293  U. S.  474,  486  (1935).    Commentators  recog-
nized the right as “the glory of the English law,” 3 W. Black-
stone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 379 (8th ed.
1778) (Blackstone), and it was prized by the American colo-
nists.  When the English began evading American juries by
siphoning  adjudications  to  juryless  admiralty,  vice  admi-
ralty,  and  chancery  courts,  Americans  condemned  Parlia-
ment for “subvert[ing] the rights and liberties of the colo-
nists.”  Resolutions  of  the  Stamp  Act  Congress,  Art. VIII
(Oct. 19, 1765), reprinted in Sources of Our Liberties 270,
271 (R. Perry & J. Cooper eds. 1959).  Representatives gath-
ered at the First Continental Congress demanded that Par-
liament respect the “great and inestimable privilege of be-
ing  tried  by  their  peers  of  the  vicinage,  according  to  the 
[common]  law.”  1  Journals  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
1774–1789, p. 69 (Oct. 14, 1774) (W. Ford ed. 1904).  And 
when  the  English  continued  to  try  Americans  without  ju-
ries,  the  Founders  cited  the  practice  as  a  justification  for