Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/16pdf/16-1436_l6hc.pdf
Page Number: 12.0

12 

TRUMP v. INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
PROJECT
 
Per Curiam
 

§2(c).  The injunctions remain in place only with respect to
parties similarly situated to Doe, Dr. Elshikh, and Hawaii. 
In  practical  terms,  this  means  that  §2(c)  may  not  be  en-
forced against foreign nationals who have a credible claim 
of  a  bona  fide  relationship  with  a  person  or  entity  in  the
United  States.    All  other  foreign  nationals  are  subject  to 
the provisions of EO–2.

The facts of these cases illustrate the sort of relationship 
that  qualifies.  For  individuals,  a  close  familial  relation-
ship  is  required.  A  foreign  national  who  wishes  to  enter 
the  United  States  to  live  with  or  visit  a  family  member,
like Doe’s wife or Dr. Elshikh’s mother-in-law, clearly has 
such a relationship.  As for entities, the relationship must
be formal, documented, and formed in the ordinary course, 
rather  than  for  the  purpose  of  evading  EO–2.    The  stu-
dents from the designated countries who have been admit-
ted  to  the  University  of  Hawaii  have  such  a  relationship
with  an  American  entity.  So  too  would  a  worker  who 
accepted  an  offer  of  employment  from  an  American  com-
pany  or  a  lecturer  invited  to  address  an  American  audi-
ence.  Not so someone who enters into a relationship sim- 
ply to avoid §2(c): For example, a nonprofit group devoted to
immigration issues may not contact foreign nationals from 
the designated countries, add them to client lists, and then
secure their entry by claiming injury from their exclusion. 
In  light  of  the  June  12  decision  of  the  Ninth  Circuit
vacating  the  injunction  as  to  §2(a),  the  executive  review 
directed  by  that  subsection  may  proceed  promptly,  if  it  is
not  already  underway.    EO–2  instructs  the  Secretary  of 
Homeland  Security  to  complete  this  review  within  20
days,  after  which  time  foreign  governments  will  be  given
50 days further to bring their  practices into line with the
Secretary’s  directives.    §§2(a)–(b),  (d).    Given  the  Govern-
ment’s  representations  in  this  litigation  concerning  the 
resources required to complete the 20-day review, we fully
expect that the relief we grant today will permit the Exec-