Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/22pdf/21-1043_7648.pdf
Page Number: 8

Cite as:  600 U. S. ____ (2023) 

5 

Opinion of the Court 

of  the  provisions  at  issue—were  committed  in  the  United 
States); Morrison, 561 U. S., at 266–267, 271–273 (conclud-
ing that a claim was a foreign application of the Securities
and Exchange Act because the “purchase-and-sale transac-
tions” at issue occurred outside of the United States). 

Step two is designed to apply the presumption against ex-
traterritoriality  to  claims  that  involve  both  domestic  and 
foreign activity, separating the activity that matters from
the  activity  that  does  not.    After  all,  we  have  long  recog-
nized that the presumption would be meaningless if any do-
mestic conduct could defeat it.  See Morrison, 561 U. S., at 
266.  Thus, “ ‘[i]f the conduct relevant to the statute’s focus 
occurred in the United States, then the case involves a per-
missible domestic application’ of the statute, ‘even if other 
conduct occurred abroad.’ ”  WesternGeco, 585 U. S., at ___ 
(slip op., at 6) (quoting RJR Nabisco, 579 U. S., at 337).  And 
“if the relevant conduct occurred in another country, ‘then
the case involves an impermissible extraterritorial applica-
tion regardless of any other conduct that occurred in U. S.
territory.’ ”  WesternGeco,  585  U. S.,  at  ___  (slip  op.,  at  6) 
(quoting RJR Nabisco, 579 U. S., at 337).  Of course, if all 
the conduct “ ‘regarding [the] violations ‘took place outside
the United States,’ ” then courts do “not need to determine 
. . . the statute’s ‘focus’ ” at all.  RJR Nabisco, 579 U. S., at 
337.  In that circumstance, there would be no domestic con-
duct that could be relevant to  any focus, so the focus test
has no filtering role to play.  See, e.g., Nestlé, 593 U. S., at 
___ (slip op., at 5); Kiobel, 569 U. S., at 124. 

B 

With this well-established framework in mind, the first 
question is whether the relevant provisions of the Lanham 
Act, see §§1114(1)(a), 1125(a)(1), provide “a clear, affirma-
tive  indication”  that  they  apply  extraterritorially,  RJR