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Page Number: 42.0

10 

SEC v. JARKESY 

GORSUCH, J., concurring 

generation  anticipated  the  possibility  Congress  would  in-
troduce  new  causes  of  action  and  perhaps  new  remedies, 
too.  See ibid.  Accordingly, this Court has long understood 
the Seventh Amendment’s protections to apply in “all [civil]
suits  which  are  not  of  equity  [or]  admiralty  jurisdiction.” 
Ibid.; accord, ante, at 8–9.  In this way, the Seventh Amend-
ment seeks to ensure there will be no juryless vice-admiralty 
courts in the United States. 

The  Fifth  Amendment’s  Due  Process  Clause  addressed 
remaining concerns about the processes that would attend
trials  before  independent  judges  and  juries.  It  provided
that  the  government  may  not  deprive  anyone  of  “life,  lib-
erty, or property, without due process of law.”  As originally
understood, this provision prohibited the government from 
“depriv[ing] a person of those rights without affording him
the  benefit  of  (at  least)  those  customary  procedures  to 
which  freemen  were  entitled  by  the  old  law  of  England.” 
Sessions v. Dimaya, 584 U. S. 148, 176 (2018) (GORSUCH, J., 
concurring  in  part  and  concurring  in  judgment)  (internal
quotation marks omitted); see Erlinger, 602 U. S., at ___– 
___ (slip op., at 6–7). 

More than that, because it was “the peculiar province of 
the  judiciary”  to  safeguard  life,  liberty,  and  property,  due 
process often meant judicial process.  1 St. George Tucker, 
Blackstone’s Commentaries, Editor’s App. 358 (1803).  That 
is, if the government sought to interfere with those rights,
nothing less than “the process and proceedings of the com-
mon  law”  had  to  be  observed  before  any  such  deprivation 
could take place.  3 J. Story, Commentaries on the Consti-
tution of the United States §1783, p. 661 (1833) (Story).  In 
other  words,  “ ‘due  process  of  law’  generally  implie[d]  and 
include[d]  . . .  judex  [a  judge],  regular  allegations,  oppor-
tunity  to  answer,  and  a  trial  according  to  some  settled 
course of judicial proceedings.”  Murray’s Lessee, 18 How., 
at 280.  This constitutional baseline was designed to serve