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Page Number: 85

34 

MCCUTCHEON v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMM’N 

BREYER, J., dissenting 
Appendix A to opinion of BREYER, J. 

program  that  credits  nonfederal  money  raised  by  a  Sena­
tor or candidate to that Senator or candidate’s state party.
Amounts  credited  to  a  state  party  can  reflect  that  the 
Senator  or  candidate  solicited  the  donation,  or  can  serve 
as  a  donor’s  sign  of  tacit  support  for  the  state  party  or
the Senate  candidate.”    251  F. Supp.  2d,  at  477  (cita­
tion omitted). 

Judicial  Finding  of  Fact:  “Federal  candidates  also  raise
nonfederal  money  through  joint  fundraising  committees
formed with national committees.  One common method of 
joint fundraising is for a national congressional committee 
to  form  a  separate  joint  fundraising  committee  with  a
federal candidate committee. . . . Two experts characterize 
the joint fundraising system as one ‘in which Senate can­
didates  in  effect  raise[ ]  soft  money  for  use  in  their  own
races.’ ”    Id.,  at  478  (quoting  J.  Krasno  and  F.  Sorauf  Ex­
pert Report, p. 13; citation omitted). 

Donor Access and Influence 

Judicial  Finding  of  Fact:  “The  fact  that  Members  of  Con­
gress  are  intimately  involved  in  the  raising  of  money  for 
the  political  parties,  particularly  unlimited  nonfederal
money  donations,  creates  opportunities  for  corruption.
The record does not contain any evidence of bribery or vote 
buying  in  exchange  for  donations  of  nonfederal  money;
however, the evidence presented in this case convincingly
demonstrates  that  large  contributions,  particularly  those 
nonfederal  contributions  surpassing  the  federal  limits,
provide  donors  access  to  federal  lawmakers  which  is  a 
critical  ingredient  for  influencing  legislation,  and  which 
the  Supreme  Court  has  determined  constitutes  corrup­
tion.”  251 F. Supp. 2d, at 481. 

Judicial  Finding  of  Fact:  “Individual  donors  testify  that