Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/19pdf/19-177_b97c.pdf
Page Number: 21.0

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AGENCY FOR INT’L DEVELOPMENT v. ALLIANCE FOR 
OPEN SOCIETY INT’L, INC. 
BREYER, J., dissenting 

sage.  See, e.g., id., at 385–386, 404–429.  To an outside ob-
server, respondents and their affiliates are a single, cohe-
sive unit.  They speak as one.

The District Court consequently concluded that imposing 
the  Policy  Requirement  on  respondents’  affiliates—wher-
ever  they  happen  to  have  been  incorporated—would  force 
respondents  to  “expres[s]  contrary  positions  on  the  same 
matter  through  [their]  different  organizational  compo-
nents.”  106 F. Supp. 3d, at 361.  To prevent that from hap-
pening, and in keeping with the principles we set forth in 
AOSI I, the District Court enjoined enforcement of the Pol-
icy  Requirement  against  respondents  and  their  clearly
identified affiliates, including affiliates that were incorpo-
rated overseas.  Id., at 363.  The District Court thought that 
remedial order necessary to protect respondents’ own First 
Amendment  rights—rights  that,  as  American  organiza-
tions, respondents unquestionably have.  Id., at 361. 

The Court of Appeals understood the District Court’s or-
der that way, too.  “The narrow issue before” us, the Court 
of  Appeals  explained,  “is  whether  applying  the  Policy  Re-
quirement  to  [respondents’]  closely  aligned  foreign  affili-
ates violates [respondents’] own First Amendment rights.”
911 F. 3d 104, 109 (CA2 2018).  The Court of Appeals held 
that  the  answer  was  yes  and  affirmed  on  that  basis. 
Ibid.  We granted certiorari to review the Court of Appeals’ 
decision. 

II 
The road has been long, but we have arrived at the spe-
cific question now before us: whether enforcing the Policy 
Requirement against respondents’ clearly identified foreign 
affiliates  violates  respondents’  own  First  Amendment 
rights.  Like the District Court and the Court of Appeals, 
I believe the answer is yes. 
  Our  reasoning  in  AOSI I,  along  with  the  body  of  prece-
dent  on  which  it  relied,  should  decide  this  case.  Just  as