Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/13pdf/13-193_omq2.pdf
Page Number: 13

Cite as:  573 U. S. ____ (2014) 

11 

Opinion of the Court 

similar  support  in  the  future.    The  Government  had 
charged 150 persons with violating the law and declined to
disavow prosecution if the plaintiffs resumed their support 
of the designated organizations.  We held that the  claims 
were  justiciable:  The  plaintiffs  faced  a  “ ‘credible  threat’ ” 
of  enforcement  and  “ ‘should  not  be  required to  await  and 
undergo a criminal prosecution as the sole means of seek-
ing relief.’ ”  Id., at 15. 

IV 
Here,  SBA  and  COAST  contend  that  the  threat  of  en-
forcement  of  the  false  statement  statute  amounts  to  an 
Article  III  injury  in  fact.    We  agree:  Petitioners  have  al-
leged  a  credible  threat  of  enforcement.    See  Babbitt,  442 
U. S., at 298. 

A 

First, petitioners have alleged “an intention to engage in 
a course of conduct arguably affected with a constitutional 
interest.” 
Ibid.    Both  petitioners  have  pleaded  specific 
statements  they  intend  to  make  in  future  election  cycles.
SBA has already stated that representatives who voted for
the ACA supported “taxpayer-funded abortion,” and it has
alleged  an  “inten[t]  to  engage  in  substantially  similar 
activity in the future.”  App. 49–50, 122.  See also Human-
itarian Law Project, supra, at 15–16 (observing that plain-
tiffs had previously provided support to groups designated 
as terrorist organizations and alleged they “would provide
similar support [to the same terrorist organizations] again
if the statute’s allegedly unconstitutional bar were lifted”).
COAST has alleged that it previously intended to dissemi-
nate materials criticizing a vote for the ACA as a vote “to 
fund  abortions  with  tax  dollars,”  and  that  it  “desires  to 
make  the  same  or  similar  statements  about  other  federal 
candidates who voted for [the ACA].”  App. 146, 149, 162.
Because  petitioners’  intended  future  conduct  concerns