Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/20pdf/20-297_4g25.pdf
Page Number: 6

2 

TRANSUNION LLC v. RAMIREZ 

Opinion of the Court 

claim.  The  internal  credit  files  of  the  other  6,332  class 
members were not provided to third-party businesses dur-
ing the relevant time period.  We conclude that those 6,332 
class members have not demonstrated concrete harm and 
thus lack Article III standing to sue on the reasonable-pro-
cedures claim. 

In two other claims, all 8,185 class members complained 
about formatting defects in certain mailings sent to them
by  TransUnion.  But  the  class  members  other  than  the 
named plaintiff Sergio Ramirez have not demonstrated that
the  alleged  formatting  errors  caused  them  any  concrete 
harm.  Therefore, except for Ramirez, the class members do
not have standing as to those two claims.

Over  Judge  McKeown’s  dissent,  the  U. S.  Court  of  Ap-
peals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that all 8,185 class mem-
bers have standing as to all three claims.  The Court of Ap-
peals approved a class damages award of about $40 million. 
In light of our conclusion that (i) only 1,853 class members 
have  standing  for  the  reasonable-procedures  claim  and 
(ii) only Ramirez himself has standing for the two format-
ting  claims  relating  to  the  mailings,  we  reverse  the  judg-
ment of the Ninth Circuit and remand the case for further 
proceedings consistent with this opinion. 

I 

In 1970, Congress passed and President Nixon signed the 
Fair Credit Reporting Act.  84 Stat. 1127, as amended, 15 
U. S. C. §1681 et seq.  The Act seeks to promote “fair and
accurate credit reporting” and to protect consumer privacy.
§1681(a).  To achieve those goals, the Act regulates the con-
sumer  reporting  agencies  that  compile  and  disseminate 
personal information about consumers. 

The Act “imposes a host of requirements concerning the 
creation and use of consumer reports.”  Spokeo, Inc. v. Rob-
ins, 578 U. S. 330, 335 (2016).  Three of the Act’s require-