Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/12pdf/12-71_7l48.pdf
Page Number: 24.0

Cite as:  570 U. S. ____ (2013) 

3 

Opinion of KENNEDY, J. 

already  noted,  it  may  be  that  a  presumption  against  pre-
emption is not the best formulation of this principle, but in 
all events the State’s undoubted interest in the regulation 
and  conduct  of  elections  must  be  taken  into  account  and 
ought  not  to  be  deemed  by  this  Court  to  be  a  subject  of
secondary importance.

Here,  in  my  view,  the  Court  is  correct  to  conclude  that
the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 is unambigu-
ous  in  its  pre-emption  of  Arizona’s  statute.  For  this  rea-
son,  I  concur  in  the  judgment  and  join  all  of  the  Court’s
opinion  except  its  discussion  of  the  presumption  against 
pre-emption.  See ante, at 10–12.