Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/23-235_n7ip.pdf
Page Number: 34.0

Cite as:  602 U. S. ____ (2024) 

5 

THOMAS, J., concurring 

Preczewski,  592  U. S.  279,  291  (2021)  (emphasis  added).
But,  as  explained,  associational  standing  creates  a  mis-
match: Although the association is the plaintiff in the suit, 
it has no injury to redress.  The party who needs the rem-
edy—the injured member—is not before the court.  Without 
such  members  as  parties  to  the  suit,  it  is  questionable 
whether  “relief  to  these  nonparties  . . . exceed[s]  constitu-
tional bounds.”  Association of American Physicians & Sur-
geons v. FDA, 13 F. 4th 531, 540 (CA6 2021); see also De-
partment of Homeland Security v. New York, 589 U. S. ___, 
___  (2020)  (GORSUCH, J.,  concurring  in  grant  of  stay)  (ex-
plaining  that  remedies  “are  meant  to  redress  the  injuries
sustained by a particular plaintiff in a particular lawsuit”); 
Brief for Professor F. Andrew Hessick as Amicus Curiae 18 
(“A  bedrock  principle  of  the  Anglo-American  legal  system
was that the right to a remedy for an injury was personal”).
Consider  the  remedial  problem  when  an  association 
seeks an injunction, as the Alliance did here.  See 1 App.
113.  “We have long held” that our equity jurisdiction is lim-
ited  to  “the  jurisdiction  in  equity  exercised  by  the  High
Court of Chancery in England at the time of the adoption of
the Constitution.”  Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo, S. A. v. 
Alliance Bond Fund, Inc., 527 U. S. 308, 318 (1999).  And, 
“as a general rule, American courts of equity did not provide 
relief beyond the parties to the case.”  Trump v. Hawaii, 585 
U. S. 667, 717 (2018) (THOMAS, J., concurring).  For associ-
ations, that principle would mean that the relief could not 
extend beyond the association.  But, if a court entered “[a]n
injunction  that  bars  a  defendant  from  enforcing  a  law  or 
regulation against the specific party before the court—the 
associational plaintiff—[it would] not satisfy Article III be-
cause it w[ould] not redress an injury.”  Association of Amer-