Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/20pdf/20-543_3e04.pdf
Page Number: 4.0

Cite as:  594 U. S. ____ (2021) 

1 

Opinion of the Court 

NOTICE:  This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the 
preliminary  print  of  the  United  States  Reports.  Readers  are  requested  to 
notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash-
ington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that 
corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press. 

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 

_________________ 

Nos. 20–543 and 20–544 
_________________ 

20–543 

JANET L. YELLEN, SECRETARY OF THE 
TREASURY, PETITIONER 
v. 
CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE CHEHALIS 
RESERVATION, ET AL. 

20–544 

ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGE CORPORATION 
ASSOCIATION, INC., ET AL., PETITIONERS 
v. 
CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE CHEHALIS 
RESERVATION, ET AL. 

ON WRITS OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF 
APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT 

[June 25, 2021] 

JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR delivered the opinion of the Court.* 
In March 2020, Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Re-
lief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, 134 Stat. 281.  Ti-
tle  V  of  the  Act  allocates  $8  billion  of  monetary  relief  to 
134  Stat.  502,  42  U. S. C. 
“Tribal  governments.” 
§801(a)(2)(B).  Under  the  CARES  Act,  a  “Tribal  govern-
ment” is the “recognized governing body of an Indian tribe” 
as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education 
Assistance Act (ISDA).  §§801(g)(5), (1).  ISDA, in turn, de-
fines an “Indian tribe” as “any Indian tribe, band, nation, 

—————— 

*JUSTICE ALITO joins Parts I, II–C, II–D, III, and IV of this opinion.