Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/22pdf/21-468_5if6.pdf
Page Number: 58.0

8 

NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL v. ROSS 

KAVANAUGH, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part 
Opinion of KAVANAUGH, J. 

L. Rev.  1133,  1153  (2010)  (“[T]he  Full  Faith  and  Credit
Clause is the more natural source for limitations on state 
extraterritorial  powers  because  that  clause  at  its  core  is 
concerned  with  extraterritoriality”);  see  also  D.  Laycock,
Equal  Citizens  of  Equal  and  Territorial  States:  The
Constitutional Foundations of Choice of Law, 92 Colum. L. 
Rev. 249, 290, 296−301 (1992).

For example, the plaintiffs in this case say that Ohio law 
expressly  authorizes  pig  farmers  in  Ohio  to  do  precisely 
Brief  for 
what  California’s  Proposition  12  forbids. 
Petitioners 
Code 
§§901:12−8−02(G)(4), (5) (2011).  If so, the Full Faith and 
Credit  Clause  might  preclude  California  from  enacting 
conflicting regulations on Ohio pig farmers.   

Admin. 

30–31; 

Ohio 

see 

Once  again,  I  express  no  view  on  whether  such  an 
argument  ultimately  would  succeed.  But  the  question
deserves further examination in a future case. 

* 

* 

* 

As I understand it, the controlling plurality of the Court 
(reflected  in  Part  IV–C  of  JUSTICE  GORSUCH’s  opinion)
today  rejects  the  plaintiffs’  dormant  Commerce  Clause
challenge on the ground that the plaintiffs’ complaint does
not sufficiently allege that the California law at issue here 
imposes  a  substantial  burden  on  interstate  commerce 
under Pike.  See ante, at 21–25 (plurality opinion); ante, at 
1–3 (opinion of SOTOMAYOR, J.).  It appears, therefore, that 
properly pled dormant Commerce Clause challenges under 
Pike  to  laws  like  California’s  Proposition  12  (or  even  to
Proposition  12  itself)  could  succeed  in  the  future—or  at 
least survive past the motion-to-dismiss stage.  Regardless,
it  will  be  important  in  future  cases  to  consider  that  state
laws  like  Proposition  12  also  may  raise  substantial
constitutional  questions  under  the  Import-Export  Clause,
the Privileges and Immunities Clause, and the Full Faith
and Credit Clause.