Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/23pdf/22-915_8o6b.pdf
Page Number: 7

Cite as:  602 U. S. ____ (2024) 

3 

Opinion of the Court 

“started  talking  trash,”  Rahimi  drove  to  the  man’s  home 
and shot into it.  Brief for United States 3.  While driving 
the next day, Rahimi collided with another car, exited his
vehicle, and proceeded to shoot at the other car.  Three days
later,  he  fired  his  gun  in  the  air  while  driving  through  a
residential neighborhood.  A few weeks after that, Rahimi 
was speeding on a highway near Arlington, Texas, when a 
truck flashed its lights at him.  Rahimi hit the brakes and 
cut across traffic to chase the truck.  Once off the highway,
he  fired  several  times  toward  the  truck  and  a  nearby  car 
before fleeing.  Two weeks after that, Rahimi and a friend 
were dining at a roadside burger restaurant.  When the res-
taurant  declined  his  friend’s  credit  card,  Rahimi  pulled  a 
gun and shot into the air.

The  police  obtained  a  warrant  to  search  Rahimi’s  resi-
dence.  There they discovered a pistol, a rifle, ammunition—
and a copy of the restraining order. 

B 
Rahimi was indicted on one count of possessing a firearm
while subject to a domestic violence restraining order, in vi-
olation of 18 U. S. C. §922(g)(8).  At the time, such a viola-
tion was punishable by up to 10 years’ imprisonment (since
amended  to  15  years).  §924(a)(2);  see  Bipartisan  Safer
Communities Act, Pub. L. 117–159, §12004(c)(2), 136 Stat. 
1329, 18 U. S. C. §924(a)(8).  A prosecution under Section
922(g)(8) may proceed only if three criteria are met.  First, 
the defendant must have received actual notice and an op-
portunity  to  be  heard  before  the  order  was  entered. 
§922(g)(8)(A).  Second, the order must prohibit the defend-
ant  from  either  “harassing,  stalking,  or  threatening”  his 
“intimate partner” or his or his partner’s child, or “engaging
in other conduct that would place [the] partner in reasona-
ble  fear  of  bodily  injury”  to  the  partner  or  child. 
§922(g)(8)(B).  A defendant’s “intimate partner[s]” include
his spouse or any former spouse, the parent of his child, and