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Page Number: 8

4 

VEGA v. TEKOH 

Opinion of the Court 

from the denial of rehearing.  Tekoh v. County of Los Ange-
les, 997 F. 3d 1260, 1261, 1264–1272 (CA9 2021).  We then 
granted certiorari.  595 U. S. ___ (2022). 

II 
Section 1983 provides a cause of action against any per-
son acting under color of state law who “subjects” a person
or “causes [a person] to be subjected . . . to the deprivation
of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Con-
stitution  and  laws.”  The  question  we  must  decide  is
whether a violation of the Miranda rules provides a basis 
for a claim under §1983.  We hold that it does not. 

A 
  If a Miranda violation were tantamount to a violation of 
the Fifth Amendment, our answer would of course be differ-
ent.  The Fifth Amendment, made applicable to the States
by the Fourteenth Amendment, Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U. S. 
1, 6 (1964), provides that “[n]o person . . . shall be compelled 
in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.”  This 
Clause “permits a person to refuse to testify against himself
at  a  criminal  trial  in  which  he  is  a  defendant”  and  “also 
‘privileges him not to answer official questions put to him 
in any other proceeding, civil or criminal, formal or infor-
mal,  where  the  answers  might  incriminate  him  in  future
criminal  proceedings.’ ”    Minnesota  v.  Murphy,  465  U. S. 
420, 426 (1984) (quoting Lefkowitz v. Turley, 414 U. S. 70, 
77  (1973)).  In  addition,  the  right  bars  the  introduction 
against a criminal defendant of out-of-court statements ob-
tained by compulsion.  See, e.g., Bram v. United States, 168 
U. S. 532, 565 (1897); Miranda, 384 U. S., at 466; Michigan 
v. Tucker, 417 U. S. 433, 440–442 (1974). 

In  Miranda,  the  Court concluded  that  additional  proce-
dural protections were necessary to prevent the violation of
this important right when suspects who are in custody are 
interrogated  by  the  police.    To  afford  this  protection,  the