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Page Number: 3

Cite as:  598 U. S. ____ (2023) 

1 

Opinion of the Court 

NOTICE:  This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the 
preliminary  print  of  the  United  States  Reports.  Readers  are  requested  to 
notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash-
ington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that 
corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press. 

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 

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No. 21–887 
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MIGUEL LUNA PEREZ, PETITIONER v. STURGIS 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ET AL. 

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF 
APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT 

[March 21, 2023]

 JUSTICE GORSUCH delivered the opinion of the Court. 
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), 
84 Stat. 175, as amended, 20 U. S. C. §1400 et seq., seeks to 
ensure children with disabilities receive a free and appro-
priate public education.  Toward that end, the law sets forth 
a  number  of  administrative  procedures  for  children,  their 
parents,  teachers,  and  school  districts  to  follow  when  dis-
putes arise.  The question we face in this case concerns the 
extent  to  which  children  with  disabilities  must  exhaust 
these administrative procedures under IDEA  before seek-
ing  relief  under  other  federal  antidiscrimination  statutes,
such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), 
104 Stat. 327, 42 U. S. C. §12101 et seq. 

* 
From  ages  9  through  20,  Miguel  Luna  Perez  attended
schools in Michigan’s Sturgis Public School District (Stur-
gis).  Because Mr. Perez is deaf, Sturgis provided him with
aides to translate classroom instruction into sign language.
For  years,  Mr.  Perez  and  his  parents  allege,  Sturgis  as-
signed  aides  who  were  either  unqualified  (including  one 
who  attempted  to  teach  herself  sign  language)  or  absent