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Page Number: 44.0

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303 CREATIVE LLC v. ELENIS 

SOTOMAYOR, J., dissenting 

22; see also id., at 9–10 (endorsing Lord Holt’s view in Lane 
v. Cotton).

This  bargain,  America  would  soon  realize,  had  long  ex-
cluded half of society.  Women, though having won the right 
to vote half a century earlier, were not equal in public.  In-
stead, a “separate-spheres ideology” had “assigned women 
to the home and men to the market.”  E. Sepper & D. Din-
ner, Sex in Public, 129 Yale L. J. 78, 83, 88–90 (2019) (Sep-
per  &  Dinner).    Women  were  excluded  from  restaurants, 
bars, civic and professional organizations, financial institu-
tions, and sports.  “Just as it did for the civil rights struggle, 
public accommodations served as kindling for feminist mo-
bilization.”  Id.,  at  83,  97–104;  cf.  S.  Mayeri,  Reasoning 
From Race: Feminism, Law, and the Civil Rights Revolu-
tion 9–40 (2011).  In response to a movement for women’s 
liberation, numerous States banned discrimination in pub-
lic accommodations on the basis of “sex.”  See Sepper & Din-
ner  104,  nn.  145–147  (collecting  statutes).    Colorado  was 
the first State to do so.  See 1969 Colo. Sess. Laws ch. 74, p. 
200. 

In the decades that followed, the Nation opened its eyes
to another injustice.  People with disabilities, though inher-
ently  full  and  equal  members  of  the  public,  had  been  ex-
cluded  from  many  areas  of  public  life.  This  exclusion 
worked harms not only to disabled people’s standards of liv-
ing, but to their dignity too.  So Congress, responding once
again to a social movement, this time against the subordi-
nation of people with disabilities, banned discrimination on 
that basis and secured by law disabled people’s equal access 
to public spaces.  See S. Bagenstos, Law and the Contradic-
tions  of  the  Disability  Rights  Movement  13–20  (2009);  R. 
Colker, The Disability Pendulum 22–68 (2005).  The center-
piece of this political and social action was the Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA).  Title III of the ADA 
provides  that  “[n]o  individual  shall  be  discriminated