Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/22pdf/22-58_i425.pdf
Page Number: 36.0

Cite as:  599 U. S. ____ (2023) 

19 

 GORSUCH, J., concurring
GORSUCH, J., concurring in judgment 

end  of  every  lawsuit.    It  preserves  a  forum  for  plaintiffs 
seeking relief for concrete and personal harms while filter-
ing out those with generalized grievances that belong to a 
legislature to address.  Traditional remedial rules do simi-
lar work at the back end of a case.  They ensure successful
plaintiffs obtain meaningful relief.  But they also restrain
courts from altering rights and obligations more broadly in
ways that  would interfere with the power reserved to the 
people’s elected representatives.  In this case, standing and 
remedies intersect.  The States lack standing because fed-
eral courts do not have authority to redress their injuries. 
Section 1252(f )(1) denies the States any coercive relief.  A 
vacatur order under §706(2) supplies them no effectual re-
lief.  And such an order itself may not even be legally per-
missible.  The States urge us to look past these problems, 
but  I  do  not  see  how  we  might.    The  Constitution  affords 
federal courts considerable power, but it does not establish
“government by lawsuit.”  R. Jackson, The Struggle for Ju-
dicial Supremacy 286–287 (1941).