Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/19pdf/18-556_e1pf.pdf
Page Number: 7

Cite as:  589 U. S. ____ (2020) 

5 

Opinion of the Court 

to  drive);  National  Hwy.  and  Traffic  Safety  Admin.,  Re-
search  Note:  Driver  License  Compliance  Status  in  Fatal 
Crashes  2  (Oct.  2014)  (noting  that  approximately  19%  of 
motor  vehicle  fatalities  from  2008–2012  “involved  drivers 
with invalid licenses”).

Although common sense suffices to justify this inference, 
Kansas law reinforces that it is reasonable to infer that an 
individual  with  a  revoked  license  may  continue  driving.
The  State’s  license-revocation  scheme  covers  drivers  who 
have already demonstrated a disregard for the law or are 
categorically unfit to drive.  The Division of Vehicles of the 
Kansas Department of Revenue (Division) “shall” revoke a 
driver’s  license  upon  certain  convictions  for  involuntary
manslaughter,  vehicular  homicide,  battery,  reckless  driv-
ing, fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer, or convic-
tion of a felony in which a motor vehicle is used.  Kan. Stat. 
Ann.  §§8–254(a),  8–252.  Reckless  driving  is  defined  as 
“driv[ing] any vehicle in willful or wanton disregard for the
safety  of  persons  or  property.”  §8–1566(a).  The  Division 
also has discretion to revoke a license if a driver “[h]as been
convicted  with  such  frequency  of  serious  offenses  against 
traffic regulations governing the movement of vehicles as to 
indicate a disrespect for traffic laws and a disregard for the
safety  of  other  persons  on  the  highways,”  “has  been  con-
victed of three or more moving traffic violations committed
on separate occasions within a 12-month period,” “is incom-
petent to drive a motor vehicle,” or “has been convicted of a
moving traffic violation, committed at a time when the per-
son’s driving privileges were restricted, suspended[,] or re-
voked.”  §§8–255(a)(1)–(4).  Other reasons include violat-
ing  license  restrictions,  §8–245(c),  being  under  house 
arrest, §21–6609(c), and being a habitual violator, §8–286, 
which Kansas defines as a resident or nonresident who has 
been  convicted  three  or  more  times  within  the  past  five
years of certain enumerated driving offenses, §8–285.  The