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Page Number: 93

56 

BOSTOCK v. CLAYTON COUNTY 

ALITO, J., dissenting
Appendix A to opinion of ALITO, J. 

determine sex. In the simplest case, the male germ cells
are of two types, one with and one without a single extra 
chromosome (X chromosome, or monosome). The egg cells
in this case all possess an X chromosome, and on fertili-
zation by the two types of sperm, male and female zygotes 
result,  of  respective  constitution  X,  and  XX.  In  many
other  animals  and  plants  (probably  including  man)  the
male organism produces two types of gametes, one pos-
sessing  an  X  chromosome,  the  other  a  Y  chromosome, 
these being visibly different members of a pair of chromo-
somes present in the diploid state. In this case also, the 
female  organism  is  XX,  the  eggs  X,  and  the  zygotes  re-
spectively male (XY) and female (XX). In another type of
sex determination, as in certain moths and possibly in the 
fowl, the female produces two kinds of eggs, the male only
one kind of sperm. Each type of egg contains one member 
of  a  pair  of  differentiated  chromosomes,  called  respec-
tively Z chromosomes and W chromosomes, while all the 
sperm cells contain a Z chromosome. In fertilization, un-
ion of a Z with a W gives rise to a female, while union of 
two Z chromosomes produces a male. Cf. SECONDARY SEX 
CHARACTER. 
3.  a  The  sphere  of  behavior  dominated  by  the  relations 
between  male  and  female.  b  Psychoanalysis.  By  exten-
sion, the whole sphere of behavior related even indirectly
to  the  sexual  functions  and  embracing  all  affectionate 
and pleasure-seeking conduct. 
4.  Phenomena  of  sexual  instincts  and  their  manifesta-
tions. 
5. Sect;—a confused use. 
Syn.—SEX, GENDER.  SEX refers to physiological distinc-
tions; GENDER, to distinctions in grammar. 
—the sex.  The female sex; women, in general. 
sex, adj. Based on or appealing to sex. 
sex, v. t. To determine the sex of, as skeletal remains.