Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/22pdf/21-1086_1co6.pdf
Page Number: 15.0

8 

ALLEN v. MILLIGAN 

Opinion of the Court 

Supp.  App.  205–211.    The  Alabama  Legislature  enacted 
Hinaman’s map under the name HB1.  582 F. Supp. 3d, at 
935, 950–951.  Governor Ivey signed HB1 into law on No-
vember 4, 2021.  Id., at 950. 

C 
  Three groups of plaintiffs brought suit seeking to stop Al-
abama’s  Secretary of  State  from  conducting  congressional 
elections under HB1.  The first group was led by Dr. Marcus 
Caster,  a  resident  of  Washington  County, who  challenged 
HB1 as invalid under §2.  Id., at 934–935, 980.  The second 
group, led by Montgomery County resident Evan Milligan, 
brought claims under §2 and the Equal Protection Clause 
of the  Fourteenth  Amendment.   Id.,  at  939–940,  966.   Fi-
nally, the Singleton plaintiffs, who had previously sued to 
enjoin  Alabama’s  2011  congressional  map,  amended  their 
complaint to challenge HB1 as an impermissible racial ger-
rymander under the Equal Protection Clause.  Id., at 938–
939. 
  A three-judge District Court was convened, comprised of 
Circuit  Judge  Marcus  and  District  Judges  Manasco  and 
Moorer.  The Singleton and Milligan actions were consoli-
dated before the three-judge Court for purposes of prelimi-
nary injunction proceedings, while Caster proceeded before 
Judge Manasco on a parallel track.  582 F. Supp. 3d, at 934–
935.  A preliminary injunction hearing began on January 4, 
2022,  and  concluded  on  January  12.    Id.,  at  943.    In  that 
time, the three-judge District Court received live testimony 
from 17 witnesses, reviewed more than 1000 pages of brief-
ing and upwards of 350 exhibits, and considered arguments 
from the 43 different lawyers who had appeared in the liti-
gation.  Id., at 935–936.  After reviewing that extensive rec-
ord,  the  Court  concluded  in  a  227-page  opinion  that  the 
question  whether  HB1  likely  violated  §2  was  not  “a  close 
one.”    It  did.    Id.,  at  1026.    The  Court  thus  preliminarily 
enjoined Alabama from using HB1 in forthcoming elections.