Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/20pdf/20-297_4g25.pdf
Page Number: 31

Cite as:  594 U. S. ____ (2021) 

27 

Opinion of the Court 

not demonstrate, for example, that the alleged information 
deficit  hindered  their  ability  to  correct  erroneous  infor-
mation  before  it  was  later  sent  to  third  parties.    An  “as-
serted informational injury that causes no adverse effects 
cannot satisfy Article III.”  Ibid. 

* 

* 

* 

No concrete harm, no standing.  The 1,853 class members 
whose  credit  reports  were  provided  to  third-party  busi-
nesses suffered a concrete harm and thus have standing as 
to the reasonable-procedures claim.  The 6,332 class mem-
bers whose credit reports were not provided to third-party
businesses did not suffer a concrete harm and thus do not 
have  standing  as  to  the  reasonable-procedures  claim.    As 
for  the  claims  pertaining  to  the  format  of  TransUnion’s
mailings, none of the 8,185 class members other than the
named plaintiff Ramirez suffered a concrete harm.

We reverse the judgment of the U. S. Court of Appeals for 
the Ninth Circuit and remand the case for further proceed-
ings consistent with this opinion.  In light of our conclusion
about  Article  III  standing,  we  need  not  decide  whether 
Ramirez’s claims were typical of the claims of the class un-
der Rule 23.  On remand, the Ninth Circuit may consider in 
the first instance whether class certification is appropriate 
in light of our conclusion about standing. 

It is so ordered.