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Cite as:  590 U. S. ____ (2020) 

61

ALITO, J., dissenting
Appendix A to opinion of ALITO, J. 

3.  The  distinction  between  male  and  female  in  general.
In  recent  use  often  with  more  explicit  notion:  The  sum  of
those differences in the structure and function of the repro-
ductive  organs  on  the  ground  of  which  beings  are  distin-
guished as male and female, and of the other physiological 
differences  consequent  on  these;  the  class  of  phenomena 
with which these differences are concerned. 

Organs of sex: the reproductive organs in sexed animals or plants. 

a 1631 DONNE Songs & Sonn., The Printrose Poems 1912 I. 61 Should she Be more then 

woman, she would get above All thought of sexe, and think to move My heart to study her, 

and not to love. a 1643 CARTWRIGHT Siedge III. vi, My Soul’s As Male as yours; there’s no Sex 

in the mind. 1748 MELMOTH Fitzosborne Lett. lxii. (1749) II. 119 There may be a kind of sex 

in the very soul. 1751 HARRIS Hermes Wks. (1841) 129 Besides number, another characteris-

tic, visible in substances, is that of sex. 1878 GLADSTONE Prim. Homer 68 Athenè .. has noth-

ing of sex except the gender, nothing of the woman except the form. 1887 K. PEARSON Eth. 

Freethought xv. (1888) 429 What is the true type of social (moral) action in matters of sex? 

1895 CRACKANTHORPE in 19th Cent. Apr. 607 (art.) Sex in modern literature. Ibid. 614 The 

writers  and  readers  who  have  strenuously  refused  to  allow  to  sex  its  place  in  creative  art. 

1912 H. G. WELLS  Marriage ii. § 6. 72 The young  need .. to be told .. all  we know of three 

fundamental things; the first of which is God, .. and the third Sex.
  ¶ 4. Used, by confusion, in senses of  SECT (q. v. I, 4 b, 7, 
and cf. I d note).

1575-85 ABP. SANDYS Serm. xx. 358 So are all sexes and sorts of people called vpon. 1583 

MELBANCKE Philotimus L iij b, Whether thinkest thou better sporte & more absurd, to see an 

Asse play on an harpe contrary to his sex, or heare [etc.]. 1586 J. HOOKER Hist. Irel. 180/2 in 

Holinshed, The whole sex of the Oconhours. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. I. 359 O de-

testable furie, not to be found in most cruell beasts, which spare the blood of their sexe. a 

1704 T BROWN Dial. Dead, Friendship Wks. 1711 IV. 56 We have had enough of these Chris-

tians, and sure there can be no worse among the other Sex of Mankind [i.e. Jews and Turks]? 

1707 ATTERBURY Large Vind. Doctr. 47 Much less can I imagine, why a Jewish Sex (whether 

of Pharisees or Saducees) should be represented, as [etc.].
  5. attrib. and Comb., as sex-distinction, function, etc.; sex-
abusing,  transforming  adjs.;  sex-cell,  a  reproductive  cell,
with either male or female function; a sperm-cell or an egg-
cell.

1642 H. MORE Song of Soul I. III. lxxi, Mad-making waters, sex trans-forming springs.