Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/21pdf/20-1114_09m1.pdf
Page Number: 10.0

Cite as:  596 U. S. ____ (2022) 

7 

Opinion of the Court 

acted  outside  its  statutory  authority,  and  the  court  re-
manded to HHS for the agency to consider an appropriate 
remedy.  See American Hospital Assn. v. Azar, 385 F. Supp. 
3d 1 (DC 2019) (remedy); American Hospital Assn. v. Azar, 
348 F. Supp. 3d 62 (DC 2018) (merits). 

A divided panel of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the D. C.
Circuit  reversed.    On  the  question  of  judicial  review,  the 
court unanimously ruled that the statute did not preclude 
judicial review.  See American Hospital Assn. v. Azar, 967 
F. 3d  818,  824  (2020).    On  the  merits,  however,  the  court 
upheld HHS’s reduced reimbursement rates for 340B hos-
pitals.  Id., at 828. 

In dissent, Judge Pillard contended that HHS’s reduced 
reimbursement  rates  for  340B  hospitals  contravened  the
text and structure of the statute.  Id., at 835.  In her view, 
“HHS may institute its large reductions, tailored for a dis-
tinct hospital group,” only if the agency has conducted the 
required survey of hospitals’ acquisition costs.  Ibid. 

This Court granted certiorari.  594 U. S. ___ (2021). 

II 
HHS first argues that the Medicare statute precludes ju-
dicial  review  of  the  2018  and  2019  reimbursement  rates. 
See 42 U. S. C. §1395l(t)(12).  The Court of Appeals rejected 
HHS’s preclusion argument, as did the District Court.  We 
likewise conclude that the statute does not preclude judicial
review of HHS’s reimbursement rates. 

This Court has long recognized a “strong presumption” in
favor of judicial review of final agency action.  Weyerhaeuser 
Co. v. United States Fish and Wildlife Serv., 586 U. S. ___, 
___  (2018)  (slip  op.,  at  11)  (quoting  Mach  Mining,  LLC  v. 
EEOC, 575 U. S. 480, 489 (2015)).  Judicial review of final 
agency action in an otherwise justiciable case is tradition-
ally available unless “a statute’s language or structure” pre-
cludes judicial review.  Mach Mining, 575 U. S., at 486. 

No  provision  in  the  Medicare  statute  precludes  judicial