Document ID: ./input/supremecourt_opinions/opinions/21pdf/21-248_4fc5.pdf
Page Number: 37.0

Cite as:  597 U. S. ____ (2022) 

15 

SOTOMAYOR, J., dissenting 

In short, the Court’s conclusion that state respondents in-
adequately  represented  petitioners’  interests  is  a  fiction 
that the record does not support.  In addition, the Court’s 
armchair  hypothesizing  improperly  displaces  the  District
Court’s firsthand experience in managing this litigation. 

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States are entitled to structure themselves as they wish
and to decide who should represent their interests in fed-
eral  litigation.  State  law  may  not,  however,  override  the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by requiring federal courts
to allow intervention by multiple state representatives who 
all seek to represent the same state interest that an exist-
ing state party is already capably defending.  Because the 
Court concludes otherwise, I respectfully dissent.